// , ( W
H &rc*.tseLnt in
A
New General Collection of
T
VOYAGES and TRAVELS:
' i- ' . '
CONSISTING
Of the moft Efteemed R elation s, which have been
hitherto publilhed in any Language :
Comprehending every Thing remarkable in its Kind, in
EUROPE, ASIA, AFRICA, and AMERICA,
With refpe£t to the
Several Empires, Kingdoms, and Provinces ; their Situation, Extent, Bounds
and Division, Climate, Soil and Produce ; their Lakes, Rivers, Mountains,
Cities, principal Towns, Harbours, Buildings, &V. and the gradual Alterations that
from Time to Time have happened in each:
A L S O T H E
MANNERS and CUSTOMS
OF THE
Several Inhabitants ; their Religion and Government, Arts and Sciences,
Trades and Manufactures:
So as to form
A Compleat SYSTEM of MODERN GEOGRAPHY and
HISTORY, exhibiting the Prefent STATE of ail NATIONS;
Illuftrated not only with
CHARTS of the feveral Divifions of the Ocean, and MAPS of each Country, entirely new
Compofed, as well as new Engraved, by the beft Hands, from the lateft Surveys, Difcoveries, and Aftrono-
mical Obfervations : But likewife with Variety of Plans, and Prolpeifts of Coafts, Harbours, and Cities; be-
fides CUT'S reprefenting Antiquities, Animals, Vegetables, the Perfons and Habits of the People, and
other Curiofities : Selected from the moft Authentic Travellers, Foreign as well asEngiifh.
#ttl)!tfl)Ct> by i)is
VOL. I.
LONDON:
Printed for THOMAS ASTLEY. M.dcc.xlv.
By the LORDS
HARDWICK E, C
GRAFTON,
JUSTICES.
ARGYLL,
TWEEDD ALE.
To all to whom thefe Prefents /ball come , Greeting ,,
WHEREAS Thomas Astley, of the City of London , Bookfeller, hath humbly reprefentecf
unto Us, T'hat he hath been at a very great Expence and Charge in purchasing feveral new Eng-
li/h Manufcr-ipts of Voyages and Travels, and in Tranflating divers other Books of Voyages and
Travels, out of feveral Languages, into Englijhy and in Engraving Maps and other Plates for
the fame, intending to Print a New General Collection of the faid
VOYAGES and TRAVELS,
In feveral Volumes in Quarto, Improved with CHARI'S of the feveral Divifions of the Ocean , and entire new
MAPS of each Country j alfo feledi CUTS, reprefenting Cities y Antiquities , Animals , Vegetables , the Habits of
the People , and other Things remarkable in their Kind ; with new Difcourfes and Obfervations thereupon ; which
W ork may be of great Advantage, as well to Trade as Navigation ; and he having humbly befought Us to grant
to him, the faid Thomas AJileyy
His MAJESTY’S Royal Privilege and Licence,
For the foie Printing and Publifhing the fame for the Term of fourteen Years ; we being inclined to encourage
An Undertaking of fnch Publick Ufe and Benefit,
Are pleafed to condefcend to his Requeft, and do by thefe Prefents, in his MAJ E STY’s Name, (as far as
may be agreeable to the Statute in that Cafe made and provided) grant unto the faid Thomas AJlleyy his Heirs,
Executors, Adminiftrators, and Affigns,
His MAJESTY’S Ro yal Privilege and Licence,
For the foie Printing, Publifhing, and Vending the faid Work, during the Term of Fourteen Years, to be
computed from the Day of the Date hereof, ftriCtly forbidding and prohibiting all his Majefty’s Subjects, with¬
in his Kingdoms and Dominions, to Re-print or Abridge the fame, or any Part of them, either in the like,
or any other Volume or Volumes whatfoever; or to Copy or Counterfeit the Sculptures or Maps thereof, ei¬
ther in Great or in Small, during the faid Term j or to Import, Buy, Vend, Utter, or Diftribute, any Copies
of the fame, or any Part thereof, Re-printed beyond the Seas, within the faid Term, without the Confent of
the faid Thomas AJlley , his Heirs, Executors, Adminiftrators, or Affigns, by Writing under his or their
Hands and Seals, firft had and obtained, as they will anfwer the Contrary at their Peril ; whereof the Commif-
fioners and other Officers of His Majefty’s Cuftoms, the Mafter, Wardens, and Company of Stationers are to-
take Notice, that due Obedience be rendered to this His Majefty’s Pleafure herein declared.
Given at Whitehall , the 18th Day of October , 1743, in the Seventeenth Year of his Majefty’s Reign,.
By their Excellencies Command ,
E* WESTON*.
T O
THE HONOURABLE
EDWARD VERNON, Efa
Vice-Admiral of the RED,
And M ember of Parliament for IPSWICH,
This V OLUME of
\
VOYAGES and TRAVELS,
As well out of
•
Public Gratitude for his late Eminent Services done the
Nation againft the Spaniards in America , as for his
early Encouragement given this Work, is
Humbly Dedicated by
7he Collector.
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I
THE
/ «.
PREFACE.
THE firft Volume of our Collection being now compleated , it may be expected, that
fome thing Jhould be faid concerning the Defign and Manner of executing it.
1 T would be needlefs to expatiate on the Advantages of Works of this Kind, up of CoL
Every body knows that their Ufe is to preferve valuable Books from being left -, to kiiwns-
render fcarce Books common ; and to bring the beft Authors relating to all Parts of the World
into one Body. This has produced fo many large Collections of Voyages and Travels in various
Languages ; as Grinaeus and de Bry in Latin, Ramufio in Italian, and Thevenot in French ;
not to mention fever al other fnaller Collections in the fame Languages. But no Nation hath
publifhed fo many Books of this Sort as our own : For we have already no fewer than three
large general Collections in Englifh ; Hakluyts three Volumes Folio, Purchas in four, (ex¬
clusive of his Pilgrimage) and Harris in two.
AS to Churchills, though confifting of fix great Folios, it is no more than an Affemblage Churchiav
cf the Travels of about fifty particular Authors to a few Parts Gf the World, and therefore ce”Sured-
we do not place it among the general Collections. Befides this eftential Defect , the Authors
made ufe .of are, for the moft Part , of very little Efteem. They feem to have been gathered
without Judgment or Care ; and chofen (if there was any Choice made at all) rather for their
Imperfections than Merit. Some are fwelled with fcarce any Thing but the Tranfadions , and
even the Difputes , of Miftionaries : Others , though very bulky , confift of Matters foreign to
the Subject, as MonfonS naval Tracts, which take-up the greater Part of the third Volume ,
and have no more Bufinefs in a Collection of Travels than any other naval Hiftory extant : So
that the Subftance, in effect, of the whole fix Volumes might eafily be comprized in two.
W HA T is ft ill worfe, the foreign Authors are very badly tranjlated •, and thofe employed Bad Tranf-
for that Purpofe have been religioufly fcrupulous to retain all Superfluities both in the Matter lut'0,,t'
and Stile ; though they have frequently made bold to miftake their Authors Senfe moft egre-
gioufty, and fometimes to caftrate them greatly to their Difadvantage. The Part beft executed
in the Whole, though very dry, is the Introduction •, which fome People, without the leaft
Grounds , would fain perfuade the Public was written by the great Mr. Locke : But the ma¬
nifold Imperfections of this Collection fuffciently confute that Pretence.
NOT WI THSTANDING there are fo many Collections of Voyages already extant, yet New Coike -
as Materials for this Purpofe are continually encreafing , and new Difcoveries daily made, ‘!n
there will always be the fame Necefftty from Time to Time of publifhing new Collections', or, at
leaft. Additions to the old. This occafioned Hakluyt to fet-forth his fecond Edition, with
great Improvements, in 1599, ten Tears after his firft Purchas to exhibit a new Work
in 1625 •, and Harris to do the like in 1705.
tion want-
?HE
yW of
Harris*
vi ft PREFAC E.
ri* D,f:as THE Dej'wn of thefe fever al Collectors, was to pabli/h, in one Body, all the beft Authors^
,f Purchas, , the Revi%ai 0f Commerce, and Difcoveries, about the thirteenth Age , to their own Times :
But, to avoid /welling their Work to too great a Bulk, they were obliged to omit many of the
>fnoJl valuable. Hakluyt for this Reafon confined himfelf moftly to the Enghfh Travellers:
But although he wrote within fifty Tears of the firft Navigations of this Ration, and added
two thick Volumes in his fecond Edition , yet he was forced to leave-out a great Number . of
curious TraCls, which afterwards were publifhed by Purchas. This Colled or popcfed to join
many foreign Authors to the Englifh •, and as he enlarged his Rian, fo he augmented his Vo¬
lumes in Bulk and Number : I'd fill he found himfelf greatly fiinted for Room-, mfomuch , that
to bring thofe he had provided within the Conipafs of his four Volumes of Pilgrims, he was
under a Necejfily of curtailing his Authors in fuch a Manner as to retrench fever al of t eir„
moft effential Parts, and confequently to render his V/ rrk in great Meafure ufelefs.
T H E Compilers of that which goes under the Name of Dr. Harris (for he only wrote the
Dedication and Introduction ) undertook, at four f core Tears' Diflance, in which Time Books- of
Voyages and Travels were corfiderably multiplied, to execute the fame Defign in much the fame
Comtafs as Purchas had done : Or rather to give us the Shadow of a general Collection, and
the Skeletons of Authors, in (lead of the Subfiance •, which , in effect, is the Cafe: tor
they have not only omitted a great Number of the mojt valuable Relations to be found in
Hakluyt and Purchas, which do Honour to our Nation, as well as many of thofe . publijhed
/hue they wrete, but have quite fpoiled the refi by bad Abridgments : Thofe which i urchas
had publifhed entire, are by them miferably curtailed and the Authors, which that Collector
had mangled before, (that is , all he abridged ) are mangled over again.
BESIDES the above-mentioned Imperfections, under which this lafi Collection labours ,
it being near forty Tears fince it was publifhed, a great Number of curious Voyages and Tra¬
vels have appeared, which zvant to be collected. _ •
FOR thefe Reafons the Author of the prefent Undertaking judged a new general Collection
to be necejfary , which he propofed to execute according to the following Plan :
FIRST , To infert the Relations from Hakluyt and Purchas omitted in HarrisE Collection ,
as zvell as thofe taken from them. Secondly, To refi ore all the Authors c aft rated in Haiiis, as
well as thefe maimed by Purchas, fo far as he hath been able to come at the Originals . Third¬
ly, To take-in not only fome Englifh Travellers omitted by Purchas, but alfo fever al others pub -
UJhed fince Purchas, and omitted in Harris. Fourthly , To add the Travellers of any Note,
which have appeared in our Language fince 1705, when Dr. HarrisE Collection was pub-
lifijcd. Fifthly, To enrich this Collection with a confiderable Number of foreign Itineraries,
which were never made Englifh before.
IT would be Time enough perhaps, when the whole Work was finifhed, to fhew that he
had performed his Engagements •, and yet the Collector is of Opinion, that this Volume affords
abundant Proof, that he has fulfilled his Propofal.
WITH refpeCt to the firfi Article , he refers to the Voyages of Stephens and Raymond
to Eaft India, Windham, Lok, EE. to Guinea. He conceives, that the fecond is already
made-good by every Author inferted from Hakluyt and Purchas •, for they are . all carefully
abridged without omitting any material Circumflance, or adding Fancies of his own , which
alter the Senfe , as has been done by the Compilers of HarrisE Collection : That the third Con¬
dition is executed in Part by the Voyages cf Captain Covert to the Eaft Indies, thofe of Wind¬
ham, Vennor, EE. to Guinea, omitted by Purchas : That the Journies up the Pike of Te-
neriffe, and the Voyages of Captain Roberts to the Cape de Verde Ifiands,^ make-gcod the
fourth Condition \ and that the fifth is performed by the Voyages of Soleyman Bafha, Cada
Mofto, Pedro de Sintra, and feveral other Tranfations.
THE better to fucceed in this lafi Article, we have been careful to procure the befi Au¬
thors to be met with \ and to fearch not only the great foreign Collections already mentioned for
fuch curious TraCls as have not yet been tranfated from them, but alfo the fmaller : Such as
J thofe
Plan of this
Work
Executed in
this Volume.
Materials,
su'hcnce.
The PREFACE. vii
thcfe of the Dutch to the North and the Eaft Indies, the Lettres Edifiantes, Memoires des
Millions, and fever al other foreign , literary Journals : Not forgetting the Memoirs of the Aca¬
demy of Paris, and our own Philofophical Tranfabtions, which afford fever al curious Relations.
Farther to improve our Defign , we have , as Occajion required , thrown-in certain Jhort Pieces
or Extracts relating to the Hijlory , Government , or Religions of foreign Nations , efpecially
the Oriental , ( taken chiefly from their own Authors ) in order to fupply the 'Travellers , who
have not always had an Opportunity of obtaining an exabi Knowledge of thcfe Matters. Of
this the Defcription of the Red-Sea from AbuMfeda, the Dif overy of Madera by Alcaforado \
and more particularly the Hiftory of the Portugueze Conquefls in India, with which the Vo¬
lume begins , are lnftances .
ALTHOUGH our Defign is much more extenfive than that of any Collebtion hither to Method of
publijhed , yet we propofe to execute it in lefs Room than any of the former. To ejfebl thisjollcEiing*
we have deviated from the common Method of collebiing , and inftead of giving each Author
entire in the Order he was publijhed, we feparate his Journal and Adventures from his Remarks
on Countries: The firft we give by itfelf ; the latter we incorporate with the Remarks of other
Travellers to the fame Parts.
THE Adventures of Travellers are generally very tedious, often trifling, and therefore
admit of large Retrenchments *, and as fever al T r avellers vifiting the fame Parts muft neceffa-
rily repeat the fame Things , it is certain , that by this Way of colie bring them , a vajl deal of
fuperfluous Matter will be expunged , and confequently Room made for introducing many more
than could pojflbly be brought into the fame Compafs, according to the common Method. It is Compat ed
true, Purchas and Harris, with a View to obtain the fame End , have not only abridged theirwub othcrs>
Travellers, but endeavoured to avoid Repetition. To ejfebl this, their Courfe was , after
giving one Author intire , to ftrike-out of the refl all fuch Remarks as feemed to be of the fame
Nature with thofe made by the firfl. But it is obvious, that this Method will make flrange
Havock with the Books , as it muft render moft of them fo curtailed and hnperfebl, that the
Reader will have only Parts or Pieces of an Author , inftead of the Whole ; and this in fuch
an abrupt and unconnebied Manner, that the Completenefs of the few will in no Sort fupply ,
or compenfate for, the Deficiences of the many. The Injury will extend even to the uncaftrated
Relations : For if fome Remarks be ftruck-out of four Travellers , for Inftance , in jive, the
four will not only be deprived of the Right and Property which they had in them equal to the ‘
fifth •, but the fifth will be left deftitute of the Vouchers requiflte to fupport what he relates.
Theft ill Confequences are the neceflary Ejfebl of this Way of managing Authors', whereas
they are intirely avoided by the Method made ufe of in this Collebtion : For by incorporating
the Remarks of fever al Travellers together , with proper References , the Whole will be pre -
ferved, as well as every particular Author1 s Property therein afeertained and djiinguifljcd, at
the fame Time that Repetition and Redundancy will be prevented.
BESIDES thefe confiderable Advantages , other great Benefits flow from this Way of Col- Advantages
lebting. In the firft Place , the Reader, by finding all that relates to the fame Things in the ^
fever al Authors brought together, will be faved the Trouble of turning from one to the other,
in order to collebl their flattered Remarks on every Subjebt ; as well as avoid being tired with
reading, or charged with paying for the fame Things fever al Times over in different Authors.
At the fame Time , inftead of a great many imperfebt Accounts, which the Authors feparately
afford, he will be furnijhed with one complete Defcription, compiled from them all. And thus
our Collebtion becomes a Syftem of Modern Geography and Hiftory, as well as a Body of
Voyages and Travels, exhibiting the Prefent State of all Nations, in the moft concife, yet
comprehenfive Manner.
THIS Method has likewife contributed not a little to render the Work more perfebl and Procures
accurate : For by having the Remarks of fever al Authors before him in one View, a Collebl or 0,,iJn,r'
is beft able to fee their Errors and Defebis andy confequently to adjuft , correbl , and fupply
them.
BV
3
viii The PREFACE.,
this Means likewise he can heft difcover the fictitious Relations from the genuine, the
ix Copy from the Original , and trace the ’Theft through a Series of Authors to the Fountain-
Head : For Infiance, by comparing the feveral Voyages and Accounts of Guinea together, it
appears , that almoft all their Authors have copied , or rather fiolen, from Artus in de Bry’j
Collection, (for they do not quote him ) not excepting Bofman himfelf, who hitherto has pafifed
unfufpeCled of Plagiarifm. Upon aDifcoyery of this Nature, we generally take Care to point -
cut the Freebooter , and refiore the Goods to their right Owners. We always pay a great
Deference to the firji Difcoverers, or earliefi Writers , whofe Remarks we generally infert firjt
in the Defcription \ or, making them the Foundation , throw thofe of later Authors, into the
Notes, in order to illujlrate or confirm them.
Choia of OUR View, however comprehenfive , is not to infert every Relation that comes to hand, the
Authors. ^ ba(q without DftinCtion. On the contrary , we have been careful to make Choice of
the befit in all Languages •, and not to give Place to any, which was. not likely to contribute to
the Improvement or Entertainment of the Reader : However, we do not always exclude an
Author , who is not wholly worthlefs : Becaufe , though in the common Way of collecting, he
would prove a great Incumbrance, yet in ours he might be difpatched by Help of a fihort AbjiraCl,
and a few Preferences under the Defcription of Places or Things \ whereby all the Remarks,
that may be of any Ufe in fuch Books, will be preferved , without clogging our Work with
the Heaps of trifling Matters that accompany them in the Originals.
HA VING given this general Account of our Scheme and its Advantages in a Work of
this Nature, we come next to a more particular Detail of the Manner in which it has been
AifraBs, executed. As to the Matter , it confiifils of two Sorts , AbfilraCls and Digejls. The AbfiraCls
contain the Journals of the Travels or Voyages , including the Adventures of the Authors, and
other Occurrences , with the Defcriptions of Places, efpecially when there are not Remarks of
other Travellers to mix with them. Each AbfiraCl is commonly preceded by an Introduction ,
or literary Article, wherein an Account is given of the Author, (fo far as can be come at )
and his 'Work, as to its Editions , Size, and Number of Pages, the Subject, or Contents.
There is commonly added likewife, a fihort Critic or Judgment thereon, as to its Excellencies or
Defects , with refpeCt to Geography , Hiftory, Cuts and Maps.
T II E Digefil contains the Remarks of feveral Voyagers or Travellers relating to any
Country , the Inhabitants , or its natural Productions , incorporated together fo as to form a re¬
gular Defcription •, fuch as that of the Canary, or of the Cape de Verde Iflands, in this Vo¬
lume, already mentioned. But although in this Part the Obfervations of different Perfons are
mixed together, yet they are particularly difilinguifihed by References to the Books from whence
they were extracted. Care likezvife is taken in the AbfitraCis to cite the Page from Time to
Time, for the Satisfaction of fuch as may have a Mind to confidt the Originals.
Way of WHERE Authors agree in their Remarks on any particular Place, or Thing, we make
tuforating. one gqccount ferve for all : And where they difagree, we either give the different Accounts in
the Text *, or, infer ting only that which we judge mofil exaCi , throw the refit into the Notes.
IN thefe Notes , which are geographical, hifilorical, and critical, we have done our befit to
Sujfijirg correct the Errors, determine or reconcile the Differences, clear-up Obfcurities , and fupply
tingf "I’~ fmall Deficiencies, which frequently occur in the Travellers, from various auxiliary Writers :
But this we fometimes do in the Text, as cur Method of incorporating the Remarks of diffe¬
rent Authors will admit of it •, and when the Point to be examined is of more than ordinary
Importance to Geography or Hiftory, we introduce a particular Differ tation on the Oc ca¬
ff on. f '
HO W EVE R, after all our earn eft Endeavours to correct Errors, and determine Dffe-
pijjkutms rences, it is net to be prefumed , that we have always fucceeded to the Reader’ s Satisfaction : For
tbut c<cw’ when the Difference is between only two Authors , or there are as many Vouchers on one Side
of the fffuefili on as the other, it is often very difificult to determine where the Truth lies , unlefs
The PREFACE. ix
fre have feme unexceptionable Authority to guide us, fuch as the Writers of the Country , to
which the Faff relates .
BUT of all Matters , in which the Travellers differ from each other, there are none more
difficult to fettle than thofe which concern the Names ufed in dijlant Countries. It was a prin¬
cipal View , in this Defign , to reduce all fuch Names of Places, Tidings, and Perfons , found in
Authors of different Nations , to the Englifli Orthography ; and to introduce fuch an Unifor¬
mity through the Work, that the fame Place Jhould always be found under the fame Name in
the Text.
TO obtain the firft of thefe Ends, it is fufficient to be acquainted with the Alphabets or unif,mits
Tetters in ufe with thofe Nations to whom fuch Authors belong, or in whofe Language they as 10
have written their Voyages : But it proves exceeding difficult , and often impracticable, to pro¬
cure the fecond End, becaufe Travellers of the fame Nation frequently write foreign Names dif¬
ferent Ways. Whether this happens through NegleCt in learning the Names ; or elfe, becaufe
being forced to invent Characters, ( for want of Letters in their own Language to exprefs
Sounds in others ) they make various Choices ; or, thirdly , (which is frequently the Cafe) be¬
caufe they copy from Authors of other Nations : Whichever is « the Cafe, it follows, that if
fuch Names be reduced to the Englifli Idiom, there will be juft the fame Df agreement amongft
them, as if they had been tranfcribed, without any Alteration. Nor is it poffible to bring them
to an Uniformity, but by knowing how fuch Names are written or pronounced by the Natives
who ufe them.
BUT although this Knowledge may be, in a good Me afure, obtained fo far as relates to theNam » m.
Languages of Europe, and thofe of Afia, commonly called the Oriental, and perhaps a few*r*a,cable*
others , yet with refped to thofe Nations , who have no Bocks nor Characters, fuch as the In¬
habitants of Guinea, and moft Parts of Africa, as well as all America ; or, whofe Books
and Characters ( if they have any ) are little known to us, fuch as thofe on the Coaft of Ma¬
labar, KormandeJ, and other Parts of the Indies, it is very difficult to come at the Ortho¬
graphy, or true Pronunciation of their proper or local Names. For thefe Reafons, having
been often at a Lofs in this Particular, we thought ourfelves obliged to retain fuch uncertain
Names in the Text , only reducing them to the Propriety of the Englifli Letters , rather than
make ufe conftantly of one , which we were not fare was the genuine Name.
ON the other Hand, when once we have (or think we have) found-out the true Name, weVar%*°«*
take Care to ufe no other in the Text *, the reft we confign to the Notes. By this Means, not only ff "ft rt*
Miftakes, if any be committed by us, may be rectified, and Juftice done the refpedive Authors,
but the fever al various Readings of the fame Name will be retained ; which are very neceffary
to be known by all Geographers and Hiftorians, in order to difcover the Identity of Places. They
likewife furnijh very proper Materials for geographical Dictionaries : For unlefs the various
Names, under which the fame Place occurs in different Authors , arc to be met-with in fuch
Books , one cannot always be fure of finding the Place he wants.
ENOUGH has been faid, we prefume, to apologize for the fame Name being fometimes
fpelt differently in our AbftraCts from different Authors. But to remedy this Defect as far as
may be, we ufually infer t in the Margin what we conceive to be the true Name, at leaf: that
which is moft commonly in Ufe •, and this may account for the Difference which often appears
between the Names in the Margin , which are generally uniform , and thofe retained in the
Text.
I N reducing the foreign Names ( by which we underftand thofe ufed by Nations, who do Rules for re *
not ufe the Roman Character) to the Englifli Idiom, we have generally obferved the fellow- duarg th *
ing Rules : Firft, We never employ different Letters to exprefs the fame Sound : For this Rea -
fon we always ufe k in Place of c, and J Confonant before e and i Vowel inftead of G : Except
when it is ufed hard * before thofe Letters , as in gild ; or we are in Doubt which Way the
* It is always hard in the Dutch, German, and Other Northern Languages ; and foft in the French, Italian ,
and Sparti/h before e and i.
31
Author
X
The PREFACE.
Author ufed it, in which Cafe we join the Af pirate, writing gh. We do the fame to exprefs
gue of the French, which we write ghe •, except in fome Names, which, hy other Authors,
STo the Eng- we find to terminate in go •, as, Camalingue, we write Kamalingo, not Kamalinghe. Se-
U(h idiom. COndly, The broad and long a of the French and other Nations, like our a in all, we exprefs
by an a circumftebied. When the e is to be founded at the End of Words , we mark it with an
Accute , or Grave : 'The 1 ftands for double ee i the 6 Jhews that this Letter is to have its
natural Sound, as in bore: u is equivalent to oo in Englifh, and ou in French *, unlefs where
this lafi Diphthong fiands for w, as it frequently does, the French not having that Letter in
their Language.
W E Employ (hfor the French ch, and Portu'gueze x. 5 ch for the French tch, the High-
Dutch tfch, or the Italian c before e or i. The French and German J Confonant we com¬
monly turn into Y •, and never ufe this lafi Letter as a Vowel, or at the End of Englifh fo¬
reign Names immediately after a Confonant \ thus , for Barfally, we write Barfalli. Kh is to
be founded guttur ally : Dh foft or lifping, like th in the or thou.
Uniformity jo ALL HOUGH we do not pretend , by thefe Rules in Writing, to reduce foreign Names
far- to their true Sounds, as written or pronounced by the Nations who ufe them, yet we propofe
thereby to convey to an Englifh Reader the true Sound , according to the Language of the Au¬
thor, from whence they are taken •, and to introduce fuch an Uniformity in the Orthography,
that there may be no Danger of finding the fame Name in different Places written according to
the Idiom of fever al different Nations, as is the Cafe in all other Coll Aliens hitherto publijhed ■,
fo that the Generality of Readers mufi take them for fo many different Names, it being impoffible
to know them to be the fame, under fo great a Change, as the various Ways of writing them oc-
cafions * . And this Advantage, which our Coll At ion claims above all others, will , we hope ,
atone for the other orthographical Differences ; which, for the Reafons already mentioned, it
was not in our Power to remedy.
m tied as to WITH regard to Cuts and Maps, which in for ting will accompany the Remarks, we fhall
Cun, throw-out all Duplicates, and only infer t the befi of a Kind to be found in the Travellers : For
Infiance, Herbert, Struys, Gemelli, Chardin, Kaempfer, and le Bruyn, have given
Draughts of Ferfepolis : But to admit thofe of the firfi three , would be doing an Injury
to the Work, as being either fpurious or trifling ; and to infert thofe of the lafi three would be
fuperfiuous, fence one of them, for Infiance , le Bruyn5 J-, might ferve. For the fame Reafon
we rejAl mofi of thofe Cuts reprefenting ProfpAls, Battles, Sieges, and the like, which gene¬
rally are the Produli of the Painter's Fancy, and of Ufe only to fwell the Bulk and Price of
Books. In the Place of thefe we infert the Animals and Vegetables \ with the Habits of the
fever al Nations , where wanting in the Travellers , taken from the befi Draughts hitherto
publijhed.
Qjarts I N like Manner, though we fhall omit Herberts Map of the Cafpian-Sea, ( however in-
ferted in Harrish Collection ) as well as thofe of Sandys, Tournefort, and le Bruyn\r Voya¬
ges, with the like copied from other faulty Maps, or drawn without any Skill, we fhall care¬
fully prefer ve all Maps and Charts taken by the Travellers on the Spot, or copied from thofe of
the Natives : Such as Oleariush Map of the Wolga •, the Ruffian Chart of the Cafpian -Sea,
and Map of Siberia ; the Map of Colchis, and the Country about Bafrah, publijhed in The-
venoth Collection and that of Attica, made by Wheeler. The like we /hall do by the
Draughts and Plans of Coafis, Harbours , and Cities, found in Cook, Rogers, Frazier,
Ifbrand Ides, and other Authors.
AvdMcp. WHERE fever al have given Maps of the fame Country, as thofe of Egypt, the Delta,
or the Nile, publijhed by Lucas, Sicard, and DAI or Pocock, we jhall either infert one of
them improved from the refi , or elfe a new Draught made from them all. On the other Eland ,
* This, for Inftance, may appear from the Word Shin , which a French Author writes Chin ; a G.; mc,n,
Schin ; a Fclijh, Sxin > an Italian , Scin j and a Pcrtugueze, Xin.
where
XI
He PREFACE.
•where we meet with a great many particular Gr provincial Maps of the fame Country , fuch
as thcfe of Tibet, China, or Tartary, tranfmitted by the Jefuites , we fhall perhaps make
general Maps ferve injlead of them.
BUT as the Charts or Maps of Value , given by Travellers, fall far Jloort of exhibiting
the Coafis and Countries throughout the World , we have fupplied that DefeCl from the beJlJffTJ’
Draughts or Surveys publijhed by the Hydrographers , or Geographers of which the accu¬
rate Charts, contained in this Volume, are a Proof \ and have frequently new-drawn them
from the bejl Authorities and Materials , particularly thofe c die died in this Work. In the
Maps we have delineated the Roads, and in both diflinguijloed the Towns, whofe Situations
have been determined by Aftronomers, Afiatic as well as European, infer ting the Obfervations
themfelves at their refpeClive Places.
FROM what has been faid , it may be prefumed, that our Collection will have all the Summary
Advantages required in a Work of this Nature : There will be found Abundance without Su - “VJ'
perfluity ; Abridgments without Deficiency *, Quotations will fiand in Place of entire Vo¬
lumes, and one Account of Things injlead of many : In jloort, all the Inconveniences, which
arife in Collections , from Matters of the fame Kind being difperfed , and thofe of different Na¬
tures mixed, will be wholly avoided.
WE prefume the Reader will be pleafed with our Method of dividing the Volumes into Form «/ tit
Books , Chapters , and Sections, with Running-Titles, Side-Notes and Contents j as it gives himM/r°rk'
a more dijiinCl and ready View of the Matters treated of in every Divifion or Subdivifion of
the Work. It was intended to have added an Index at the End of this Volume : But in regard,
fome of our Subfcribers have fignified their Opinion, that one general Index is preferable to
many , we fhall conform ourfelves to their Sentiments , unlefs, before the fecond Volume be finijhed,
it may be found more convenient to give two rather than one.
B Y the prefent Undertaking we have had the Improvement of Geography , Navigation, ErfiA Pr6‘
and Natural Hifiory , principally in View , by bringing together a fufficient Quantity of Ma¬
terials, for making accurate Maps, Charts and Deferiptions of foreign Countries.
WE fhall conclude our Preface by only farther acquainting the Reader, that if he meets with
lefs Amufement in fome Parts of this Volume, than he will find in thofe which are to follow ,
it mujl be imputed to the Collector's Defire of preferving the firfi Voyages and Dif cover ies, par¬
ticularly thofe of the Englifh Nation, which were written chiefly for the Information of future
Navigators.
London, December u, 1744.
*
a 2
A N
A N
Alphabetical LIST
O F T H E
SUBSCRIBERS to this Work.
A.
R. Robert Abbon, of Yarmouth, Norfolk.
Sir Thomas Ackland, Bart.
Mr. Abraham Ack worths
Mr. Adams.
Mr. Thomas Adams.
The Rev. Mr. Addenbrooke;
The Rev. Mr. Addifon.
Mr. Andrew Adlan.
Mr. Agutter, Alderman of St. Albans.
John Ainfworth, of Pleafington in Lancaihire, Efq;,
Mr. Robert Akenhead, Bookfeller in Newcaftle.
The Rev. Mr. John Allen, of Enfield.
Mr. William Aleyn, Merchant in Briftol.
Mr. John Allwood, of Sheffield.
Mr. John Andrews.
Michael Anne, of Freekley in Yorklhire, Efq;
Roger Armftrong, Efq;
Captain Afhe.
Mr. Thomas Aftill.
Sir Jacob Aftley, of Melton-Conftable in Norfolk,.
Eart.
Mr. Thomas Aftley, Merchant in London.
Mr. Richard Aftley.
Mr. Thomas Aftley, of Prefton.
The Rev. Dr. Aftry,. Treafurer of St. Paul’s.
Mr. Michael Atkins.
Mr. Thomas Atkinfon, of Dalton, Lancalhire,
Mr, William Atkinfon,. of Briftol.
Mr. Atkinfon.
Mr. Attelfey, of Norwich.
John Atwood, of Sanderftead, Efq;
Mr. Aubert.
Mr. Avery.
Mr. Avifon, Organift in Newcaftle.
Mr. Stephen Auften, Bookfeller in London.
Mr. William Auftin-.
Rev. Mr, Ayfcough, of Highworth, Wiltftiire,
2
B.
THE Right Hon. Lord Vifcount Barrington.
Sir John Barnard, Knight, Alderman of Lon>-
don.
Mr. Barnard, of Curfitors-Street.
Henry Barham, Efq;
Captain Duncomb BackwelL
Mr. Thomas Bacon.
Mr. Humphrey Bailey, 7 Sets.
Mr Bailey.
The Rev. Dr. Baker, Vicar of Farringdon, Berkst
Mr. Richard Baker.
Richard Baldwin, of Ludlow, Efq;
Mr. John Baldwin.
Mr. Robert Baldwin, Apothecary in Farringdon.
Mr. Richard Baldwin, Bookfeller in London.
Mr. Samuel Baldwin, of Covent-Garden.
Dr. Balguy, of Peterborough.
The Rev. Mr. Balguy.
Mr. . George Ballard, at Portbury near BriftoL
Mr. Henry Banyer.
Mr. John Banks.
Mr. Abraham Barjeau.
Mr. Richard Barton, of Manchefter.
Mr. James Barnaart.
Rev. Mr. Barford, of Stanbridge..
Samuel Barker, Efq;
Dr. Barker.
Mr. John Barrow, of the Foreft of Dean, Gloucefter*
fhire.
Mr. Ifaac Bafire, Engraver, 3 Sets.
Mr. William Barfton.
Mr. Bateman.
Mr. John Batfon.
Mn John Baxter.
Right Hon. Lady Aubrey Beau clerk.
Mr. Mark Beaufoy, Diftiller in Briftol.
Mr. and Mrs. Beckford, of New Burlington-Street.
A LIST of SUBSCRIBERS.
Mr. James Beddes, of Briftol,
Mr. Thomas Bedwell.
Thomas Beech, Efq,
The Rev. Mr. Thomas Bellamy, of Kingfton, Surrey.
Mr. Thomas Bellamy, of Kingfton.
Mr. Ralph Bell, Surgeon.
Mr. John Bell.
William Benfon,. Efq; Auditor of the Impreft.
Rev. Mr. John Berjeu.
Mr. Thomas Berjew, Apothecary in Briftol.
Monfieur de Berger, Confeiller de la Cour, et Medicin
de S, M. Brittanique a Celle.
Mr. Frederick Bernard.
Mr. John Berry, Printer in Manchefter.
Mr. James Beefton.
Slinglby Bethell, Efq;
Mr. Betts, of Univerfity College, Oxford,
Mr. Bigland, Merchant in Peterborough.
Mr. Thomas Biihop.
Mr. Thomas Biihop, jun.
Mr. John Bird.
Mr. Benjamin Bird, Gunfmith*
Ezekiel Bird, Efq;'
Mr. Anthony Birks.
Mr. Matthew Birtill.
Rev. Mr. Theophilus Blackall, Chancellor of the
Diocefe of Exeter.
Rev. Mr. Blackbourn, Vicar of Richmond, Yorkihire.
Mr. Blackdon.
Sir William Blackett, Bart.
Edward Blacket, of Newby in Yorkihire, Efq;
Mr. Blackman, Bookfeller in Reading.
Mr. Leefon Blackwood, Merchant in Briltol.
Mr. John Bladwell..
Mr. James Blake.
Mr. Elias Bland.
Mr. William Blath waite, of Peterborough.
Mr. Boice, of Highgate.
Mr. Edward Bold,
Rev. Mr. Blomefield, of Norfolk.
Mr. John Bond.
Mr. William Bonham.
J. Bonython, of Briltol, M. Di
Captain Matthew Bookey.
Mr. John Bloome, of. Briltol.
Mr. Booth.
Mr. Francis Booth.
Mr. Robert Booth.
Mr. Francis Bofon.
Mr. Richard Bofworth.
Mr. Godfrey Bouchier, Bookfeller in Peterborough.
Rev. Mr. Bourdillon.
Mr. Jofeph Bouquet.
Captain Bourne, of Briltol.
Rev. Mr. Bouchery.
Rev. Mr. Bowditch, of Winterllow.
Mr. William Bowen, Merchant in Briltol,
Mr. Maurice Bowen, Engraver
Mr. Miles Bower, jun. of Manchelter.
Rev. Mr. Charles Bowles, of Donhead.
Rev. Mr. William Bowles, of Woodford, Wiltlhire.
Mr. Thomas Bowles.
Mr. John Bowles.
Mr. James Bowyer, jun. Apothecary in Briltol.
Mr. Bowzier,
Mr. Bradley.
Mr. Richard Brand. -
Rev. Mr. Branfoot, of Bofwell, Yorkihire,
John Brickdale, fen. of Briltol, Efq;
The Right Rev. the Lord Biihop of Briltol.
Mr. Peter Brooke, of Manchelter.
Mr. Brookes, Bookfeller in Coventry.
Mr. Brotherton, of Greenwich.
Mr. Brotherton, jun. of Greenwich.
Mr. Brotherton, Bookfeller in London.
Mr. John Broughton.
Mr. Samuel Broughton.
Thomas Brown, Efq;
Edmund Brown, of Lincolns-Inn, Efq;
Mr. Samuel Brown..
Mr. John Brown.
Mr. Peter Brown, Bookfeller in Briltol, 25 Sets.
Mr. Matthew Brown, Copper- Plate Printer.
Michael Browning, Efq;
Sir John Bruce Hope, Bart. Member of Parliament.
Mr. Martyn Bryfon, Bookfeller in Newcallle, 50 Sets,
Mr. John Buckland.
Mr. William Budding, Linen-Draper in Briltol.
Mr. James Budget.
Mr. Kelfey Bull.
Mr. Robert Bulman.
Mr. Thomas Bumbey, Collector of Excife at Lewes,.
Rev. Mr. Burcham, of Norwich.
William Burgh, of Gloucelterlhire, Efq;
John Burrard, of Lymmington, Efq;
Mr. Thomas Burny.
Mr. Bliffet Burton.
Mr. Richard Bury.
Rev. Mr. Gilbert Burnet, of St. James’s, Clerkemvell,
Mr. Edward Burnet.
John Burton, of Heath in Yorkihire, Efq;
Mr. Philip Burton.
Mr. Bulby.
Mr. John Bulh, Attorney at Law in BriltoL
Mr Thomas Butcher,
c,
Alufbury Cade, Efq;
■ Robert Cann, Efq;
Mr. Carlos, Bookfeller in Norwich.
Mr. Cal ley.
Sir James Carnegie, Bart. Member of Parliament.
Mr. Richard Carpenter, Attorney at Law, in Farring-
don, Berks.
Mr. George Carrington.
Mr. Carter, Mafter of the Grammar School at New¬
ington, Middlefex.
Mr. Edward Carter.
Mr. John Carter, Merchant in Portfmouth.
Rev. Mr. Philip Carter, of St. Olyth.
Mr. John Carter, Sugar Baker in Goodman’s Fields,
Mr. Charles Cary, of St. James’s Place.
Mr. Henry Cary.
Mr. James Cafe, of Barbadoes.
Mr. William Caflon, Letter- Founder, in Chifwell-Street.
J. Catanach, Efq; of the Illand of Madera.
Sir Thomas Cave, Bart. Knight of the Shire for the
County of Leicelter.
Mr. William Calverly-.
Mr. Caverly, Druggilt in Southwark.
Mr,
A LIST of SUBSCRIBERS.
Mr. Thomas Cauldwell, of Portbuiy, near Briftol.
Mr. Chadwick, of Salford, Lancafnire.
Mr. William Chaloner, Merchant in Briftol.
Mr. Chamier.
Mr. Benjamin Champion.
Mr. Henry Chapelle, Bookfeller.
Dr. George Charles, High-Maftcr of St. Paul’s- School.
Mrs. Chafe, Bookfeller in Norwich.
The Right Hon. Lady Chedworth.
Mr. John Chenhall, of Helfton Cornwall.
Mr. Robert Chennery, of Lynn.
Sir John Chefter, Bart. Knight of the Shire for the
County of Bedford.
Mr. John Chelter.
James Chetham, of Smed in Lancashire, Efq;
Mr. John Child, of Lynn.
Mr. 'George Child, Engraver.
John Cholwell, of the Temple, Efq;
Mr. Alexander Chorley.
Mr. Thomas Clapham.
The Rev. Dr. John Clarke, Dean of Salifbury.
Godfrey Clarke, Efq;
The Rev. Mr. Clarke, Sur-Mafter of St. Paul’s-School.
Mr. Edward Clarke.
Mr. John Clarke, of Enfield.
Mr. John Clarke, Bookfeller, in St. Paul’s Church-
Yard.
Mr. John Clarke, Bookfeller, at the Royal-Exchange.
,Mr. Clarke, of Grofvenor-Square.
Mr. John Clarke of Lyons- Inn.
Mr. Charles Clavey.
Mr. James Cleakes.
Mr. Jofeph Clegg.
Mr. Richard Clements, Bookfeller in Oxford.
Rev. Mr. Clerke.
Mr. Edward Coldham.
Mr. Cole, Goldfmith in Lombard-Street.
Mr. Luke Coleby, of Newington, Surrey.
Henry Collingwood, Efq;
Mr. Collins, Bookfeller in Salilbury, 50 Sets.
Lieutenant General Collumbine.
Rev. Mr. Nathaniel Collyer, of Croydon.
Mr. George Colfworthy, Grocer in Briftol.
Rev. Mr. Caleb Colton, Vicar of Shrivenham, Berks.
Valens Commin, Efq;
The Right Hon. the Countefs of Conningfby.
Rev. Mr. Cooke, Rector of Stockfley in Yorkftiire .
Mr. William Cooke, Attorney at Law in Farringdon,
Berks.
Dr. Cooper, Phyfician in Oxford.
Mr. John Cooper.
Mrs. Cooper, Bookfeller in London.
Mr. John Cope, of Eflex-Square.
Michael Cormick, of Ireland, Efq;
Mr. Daniel Cotterell.
Mr. George Cotterell.
Mr. Jacob Couppe.
Mr. Cox.
Mr. Craycroft, Atorney at Law.
Air. Samuel Craghead, of Crofby-Square.
Mr. Craighton, Bookfeller in Ipfwich, 2 5 Sets.
Rev. Dr. Crefwicke, Dean of Wells.
Mr. Francis Creuze, Jeweller.
Mr. Samuel Crefwell, of Manchefter.
Nicholas Crifpe, Efq;
Air. Thomas Crifpe.
Mr. William Crompton.
Mr. Richard Cropper, of Burton, Weftmorland,
Air. John Crofte, Merchant in Briftol.
Mr. John Croade.
Mr. John Crowe.
By ham Crump, Efq;
The Rev. Air. John Culliford, Rettor of St. Wer-
burg, Briftol.
Mr. George Cumberland.
William Curre, Efq; at the Grange near Chepftow,
Monmouthlhire.
Sir Nathaniel Curzon, Bart. Knight of the Shire for
the County of Derby.
D.
R. William Daniel, Alerchant in Briftol.
Morgan Davies, of Coomb in Carmartken-
ftiire, Efq;
Mr. James Davies, of Devizes, M. B.
Air. William Davie, Merchant in Briftol.
Mr. Robert Davis.
Mr. John Davis.
Mr. Davifon.
Mr. Davifon, of London, Bookfeller.
The Hon. Mr. Baron Dawfon.
Richard Dawfon, of York, Efq;
Air. Chriftopher Dawfon.
Airs. Day.
Mr. William Deacle, of Albemarle-Street, ClerkenwelL
Dr. Thomas Deacon, Phyfician in Manchefter.
George Denning of Putney, Efq;
Mr. De la Bere.
General Des Bordes, of Enfield.
Mr. Lewis Deformeaux.
Mr. Anthony D’ Efgens.
Mr. Jeremiah Deverell, Surgeon in Briftol.
Henry Dickinfon, of Manchefter, Efq;
Dr. Dimfdale, Phyfician in Hertford.
Mr. Dines.
Mr. Henry Dobfon.
Rev. Mr. Thomas Dockwray.
George Dodfon, Efq;
Air. Dolling.
Capt. Draper, of Hatton-Garden.
Mr. Jofeph Drew, Bookfeller in Exeter.
Mr. Drummond, Bookfeller in Edinburgh, 25 Sets.
The Right Hon. Lord Vifcount Duncannon„.AIember
of Parliament for Derby.
Mr. Charles Dunbar.
Mr. Duncombe.
John Durbin, of Briftol, Efq;
Mr. William Dungworth, of Bifhopfgate-ftreet.
Mr. Duke, of Baliol- College, Oxford.
Mr. Dunn.
Mr. Dyer, of Mile-End.
Mr. Ely Dyfon.
E.
R. William Eagles, Merchant in Briftol.
The Hon. Colonel Earle.
Mr. Thomas Earle.
Mr. Gotobed Eaft, of Ely.
Air. Edward Eafton, Bookfeller in Salifbury.
Peter Eaton, Efq;
Mr.
3
A LIST of SUBSCRIBERS.
Alexander Edmonlton, Efq;
Mr. Egerton, of Friday-Street.
The Right Hon. the Earl of Egmont.
Mr. Egglelhan.
Mr. Ekeroth.
Mr. Francis Elliot, of Godalmin.
'Fhe Lady Ellis.
Mr. Richard Ellis.
Mr. John Elfworth.
Abraham-Ifaac Elton, Efq; JBarrifter at Law in Brillol.
Mr. Thomas Elton.
Mr. Richard Elton.
Mr. Robert England.
Mr. William Ernie of the Me of Wight.
Mr. Etheringham.
Mr. Evans.
Mr. Charles Evans.
Mr. Thomas Evans.
Mr. Gabriel Everard.
The Right Rev. the Lord Bilhop of Exeter.
John Exton, Efq;
F.
R. Farley, Printer in Brillol.
Mr. Farley, Printer in Exeter.
Mr. Richard Farmer.
Mr. Thomas Farmer, Merchant in Brillol.
Mr. Richard Farr, Junior, Merchant in Brillol.
Mr. Thomas Farr, Attorney at Law in Briftol.
Mr. Farrer, of Doctors-Commons.
Mr. Thomas Farrington, of Brompton near Chatham.
Mr. Phillip Faver, of Great Sr. Helens.
Mr. Thomas Fawfon, of St. Paul’s Church-Yard.
Mr. William Fead, of the Old -Jewry.
Ralph Feltham, Efq;
Mr. Thomas Fenwick.
Col. Le Ferris.
Mr. Paul Ferris.
Mr. George Ferraby, Bookfeller in Hull.
Mr. Paul Filher, Merchant in Brillol.
Mr. Thomas Filher.
Mr. Daniel Filher, Supervifor of Excife atTewkfbury.
Mr. George Fletcher, of Salford.
Mr. James Fleming, Bookfeller in Newcaltle.
Mr. Daniel De Flores.
Mr. William Flores.
Mr. Charles Flutter, of Guilford.
Mr. Henry Flutter, of Guilford.
The Rev. Dr. Fonnereau.
Mr. Edward Foot, of Brillol.
The Rev. Mr. Ford.
John Forller, of Gray’s-Inn, Efq;
Mr. Foller, Merchant in London.
Mr. John Fowler, of the Cullom-Houfe.
Mr. Fownes.
Mr. William Francklin, Surgeon in Norwich.
Mr. Bernard Frederick.
Mr. James Freeman.
Mr. Friend.
Mr. Thomas Frolick,
Mr. Froling, at the Hills near Cambridge.
Mr. James Frulhard.
Mr. James Fryer, of Gleallon Lancafhire.
Mr. John Phillippe Fulir, Merchant in Brillol.
G.
R. Gale.
Mr. Stephen Galhie.
Mr. Richard Gandey.
Mr. Thomas Gapen.
The Rev. Mr. John Gardiner, Re&or of Henbury in
Gloucelterihire.
Mr. Richard Gardiner, of Sudbury.
Mr. Francis Gattins, Engineer at Berwick.
Mr. Peter Henry Gauvain.
Mr. Samuel Gaze, Junior, of Norwich.
Mr. Jofeph Gibbs.
Mr. Gibfon, of King-Street, Bloomlbury.
Mr. Nathaniel Gilbert, of Gray’s-Inn.
Mr. Philip Glafs, of London, Stationer.
Mr. Jonathan Gleed, Bookfeller in Norwich.
Mr. Glynn, of Hatton-Garden.
Mr. David Godin.
Mr. James Godin.
Mr. Hodges Godwin, Merchant in Eriflol.
Mr. Jofeph Godwin, Merchant in Brillol.
Mr. Richard Going.
Mr. William Gomm, Merchant, in Clerkenwell.
The Rev. Mr. Goodwin, of Baliol- College, Oxford.
Mr. Gore, of Sarum.
Harry Gough, Efq; one of the Diredors of the Ealt-
India Company, and Member of Parliament for
Bramber.
Mr. Alexander Graham, 2 Sets.
Mr. Granger, of Salifbury- Court.
Mr. Jonathan Graves.
Mr .\ John Gray.
Rev. Mr. Green, of Sarum.
Mr. Green, of St. John’s-College, Oxford.
Mr. Green, of Mancheller.
Mr. Peter Green, of Chigwcll ElTex.
Mr. John Green, of Oldilreet-Square.
Mr. Gregg.
Mr. Gregfon.
Mrs. Grenville.
Dr. Robert Grelley, Phylician in Brillol.
Mrs. Greville, of Dean-Street, Soho.
Mr. Giles Greville, Apothecary in Brillol.
Mr. Valentine Grimltead.
Mr. Grove, Attorney at Law.
Mr. Gumbridge, of Clifford’s- Inn.
Mr. William Gurman.
Mr. Edward Gwatkin, Merchant in Brillol.
The Right Hon. Phillips Gybbon, Efq; Member of
Parliament for Rye, and one of the Lords of the
Treafury.
H.
MR. Hague.
Mr. John Hall.
Rev. Mr. Hall, Redor of Bridford, Devon.
Mr. Ezekiel Hall, of Crutched-Fryers.
Mr. Robert Halfey.
Rev. Mr. Hamblen, of St. Hilary, Cornwall.
The Rev. Mr. Hamlen, of Outwell near Wilbechy
Mr. Jofeph Hancock of Wilbech.
Mifs Handalyde, of Sackville-Street.
The Rev. Dr. Harbin.
Mr. Thomas Harbin.
Mr. Hardelty.
A LIST of SUBSCRIBERS.
Mr. James Hardwicke, Attorney at Law in Briftol.
Humphry Harris, Efq;
Mr. Harris, of Shaftfbury.
Mr. Thomas Harrifon.
Mr. Hart.
Mr. Jofeph Hartwell, of Canon-Street.
Mr. Harvey.
Mr. William Havard.
Mr. James Harwood.
Mr. Charles Hawkins, Attorney at Law in Briftol.
Mr. John Hawkins, of Briftington near Brill ol .
Rev. Mr. Hawtree, Subdean of Exeter.
William Hay, Efq; Member of Parliament for Sea-?
ford in Suflex, Commiffioner of the Navy.
The Rev. Mr. Archdeacon Hayter.
Mr. Henry Hayter.
The Rev. Mr. Hayward, of Warrington.
John Hearl, of Penryn, Efq;
Mr. Ralph Heath.
Mr. Heath.
David Hecklfetter, of Southgate, Efq;
John Eledvvorth, Efq; Knight of the Shire for the
County of Durham.
Mr. John ETemmerton.
Mrs. Elizabeth Hemfworth.
Mr. Robert Henderfon, of Grace-Church- Street.
Mr. William Henn.
The Hon. Nicholas Herbert, Efq; Member of Par¬
liament for Newport, Cornwall.
Dr. Elickman, Phyfician, in Arlington- Street.
Mr. Bernard Hicks, Apothecary in Norwich.
Mr. Benjamin Hickey, Bookfeller in Briftol.
Mr. Hildyard, Bookfeller in York, 25 Sets.
Mr. Hildyard in Bilhopfgate-Street.
Mr. James Hilhoufe, junior. Merchant in Briftal.
Mr. George Hill, Attorney at Law in Briftol.
John Hill, Efq; of Clarges- Street.
Mr. John Hill, Merchant.
Thomas Hill, Efq; of the Plantation-Office.
Mrs. Hillman, of Sarum.
Robert Hilton, Efq;
Mr. Robert Hilton.
Mr. Hind, of Rippon, Yorkfhire.
Mr. Charles Hitch, Bookfeller, in London, 50 Sets.
The Rev. Mr. Hoare.
Mr. Jofeph Hodder, of Briftol.
Mr. James Hodgfon, F. R. S. and Mafter of the
Mathematical- School, Chrift’s-Hofpital.
•Mr. Thomas Hogben, Land-Surveyor, and Mafter of
the Free School of Smarden.
Mr. Hogins.
Mr. Thomas Holland.
Mifs Hollman.
Mr. William Hollifter, of Briftol.
Mr. Ambrofe Holloway, 3 Sets.
Mr. Thomas Holmes, Surgeon in Mamcheftcr.
Mr. John Holt, of Holkenhead, Lancalhire.
Mr. Thomas Hollingworth, Bookfeller, in Lynn,
Edward Hooper, Efq; Member of Parliament for
Chrift-Chureh, Hampftiire,
Mr. John Horfiey.
Mr. John Horfenvan.
John Howe, of Ongar, Efq;
Mr. Howard.
Mr. George Howells, of Briftol,
Mr. George Hoy, of Lad-Lane.
Mr. James Hubbald, junior, of the Pav-Offire
Mr. Newark Huftfon. 7
Mr. Thomas Hudfon.
Mr. Hughes, of Bilhopfgate-Street.
Mr. John Hull, Engraver.
Mr. Louis Peter Hume.
Mr. Oliver Humphries, of St. JohnVStree*
Walter Hungerford, Efq; Member of Parliament for
Caine, Wilts.
Mr. William Hunt, Deputy of Caftle-Baynard Ward,
Mr. Richard Hunt.
Mr. Daniel Hunt, of Crutched-Frvers
Mr. Hunt. 7 '
Mr. Hufiey, Attorney in Biffiopfgate- Street.
The Rev. John Hutchins, M. A.
Mr. John Hyde, of Preftwicke, Lancalhire.
I,
MR. William Jackling.
Richard Jackfon, junior, Efq; of Norfolk.
Mr. Jackfon, Banker, in Lombard-Street.
Mr. Samuel Jacock.
Mr. David James.
Mr. James Jurnefon.
Sir Theodore Janften, Bart.
Edward Jafper, Efq;
Mr. Jeane.
Mr. Thomas Jeanes.
Andrew Jelf, Efq;
Rev. Mr. Jenkirn
Mr. Jenkins, of Maddox-Street.
Mr. Jennour, of Friday-Street.
• Mr. Arthur Jepfon, junior. Merchant in Briftol.
Mr. Samuel Illing.
Mr. Charles Image.
The Right Hon. the Earl of Inchiquin.
Mefis. Innes and Seaton, in Mincing-Lane.
Mr. John Jocham, of the Cuftom-Houfe in Briftol,
Mr. Richard Johns, of Helfton.
Mr. Auguftin Johnfon.
Mr. Stephen Johnfon.
Mr. Thomas Johnfon, of Manchefter.
Mr. Johnfon, of Norwich.
Mr. William Johnfon.
Mr Jofeph Jones.
Mr. Edward Jones.
Mr. William Jones, Surgeon, in the Ifle of Wight.
Fitz- William Jope, of Plimtree, Efq;
The Rev. Mr. Jortin.
Sir William Irby, Bart. Member of Parliament for
Launcefton, Chamberlain to the Princefs of Wales.
Mr. John Irilh, of Grace-Church-Street.
Mr John Irwin.
Mr. Peter Ifaac, of the Ifle of Wight
K.
HI S Grace, the Duke of Kingfton,
Mr. John Kay, of Manchefter.
Mr. Kearwood.
Mr. Walter Keble.
Mr. Richard Keble.
Mr. Alexander Kennaway.
Mr. William Kennedy, of Manchefter.
Mr. John Kent, of Southwark.
m.
A LIST of SU
Mr. Richard Kent, ofSarum.
Mr. King, of Henrietta-Street.
Mr. Alexander Kincaid, Bookfeller, in Edinburgh,
Robert King, of Catley, in Cambridgelhire, Efq;
Mr. King, of St. Peter’s-Hill.
Colonel Kingfley.
Mr. Charles Kirkhall.
Mr. John Kirfhaw.
Mfr lienry Kitchin.
Mr. Thomas Kitchin, Engraver.
Mr. Kite, of Canon-Street.
Metis. J. and P. Knapton, Bookfellers, in London.
Mr. William Knapton, of Lymington.
The Rev. Mr. Knibb, Reftor of Appleton, Berks.
Mr. William Knight.
Mr. William Ifaac ICops, Merchant, in London.
L.
R. Edward Laight, Apothecary, in Briftol.
Mr. Lane.
Rev. Mr. William Langbain.
Rev. Mf. Langford, 3 Sets.
Mr. Henry Lath well.
Mr. John Laurence, of Norwich.
Rev, Mr. Leach, of Norwich.
Mr. Laurence Ledger, of Guilford.
Mr. Lee, of Charter- Houfe-Square.
Mr. Lee, of Norwich.
Mr. Thomas Leech, of Staples-Inn.
Mr. Michael Lefire.
Mr. Jofeph Letter.
Mr. Chriitopher Lethieullier.
Mr. William Lethieullier.
The Rev. Mr. Sampftm Letfome.
Mr. Ifaac Levy.
Mr. Zachary Levy.
Mr. James Lewin.
Mrs. Martha Lewis, Bookfeller in Briftol, 106 Sets.
Mr. Lewis, of Lambeth-Marih.
Mr. Jofhua Lewis.
Mr. Jofeph Lightbody, of Sarum.
Mr. Edward Linzee, Apothecary, in Portfmouth.
Mr. John Lille.
Thomas Lilton, of Adton, Somerfetfhire, Efq;
Capt. Jofeph Little, of Briftol.
Mr. Jofeph Little, Tobacconill, in Briftol.
Mr. John Livfay.
Mr. Lock, of Eftex-Street.
Mr. Henry Lock.
Mr. Loddington.
Mr. Jofeph Lolly, Surgeon, in Briftol.
Francis Longe, of Spixworth, Efq;
Mr. Longe.
Edward Longwoith, Efq;
Mr. William Lord, of Corfe-Caftle, Tile of Purbeck.
Mr. Henry Loubier, Merchant, in London.
Mr. Charles Lowth.
Mr. Lowther, of Clements-Lane,
Mr. Thomas Lowther.
Mr. Ludby,
Mr. Robert Luddington.
Mr. Peter Lullin.
The Rev. Mr. Lupton, of Kirby • Malkm DaleJY orklh
M.
HE Rev. Mr. Mall.
The Rev. Mr. Manuel.
Mr. Mandevile.
Mr. John Manly,
BSCRIBERS.
Mr. John Manfhip, Merchant, in London,
Mr. Manwaring.
The Rev. Mr. Markham.
Mr. James Marlhall, of Twickenham.
Mr. George Martin, Merchant, in London.
Mr. Thomas Martin, Apothecary, in Briftol,
Dr. John Martyn, F. R. S. and Profeffor of Botany,
in the Univerfity of Cambridge.
Mr. Jofeph Mafon, at the Fifh-Ponds, near Briftol,
Mr. Mafon, Surgeon, in Arundel- Street.
Mr. Mafon, of Seething -Lane.
Mr. Whlliam Mafon.
• - Mafia m, junior, Efq; of Norfolk,
Mr. Peter Mazell.
Mr. Mead of Norwich.
Rev. Mr. Meard.
Mr. George Meebourn.
Mr. Wentworth Mettrick, of Mancheftcr,
Mr. Peter Midget.
The Lady Milbank, of Halnaby, Yorklhirc.
Mr. Michael Miller, Merchant in Briftol.
Mr.. Alexander Miller, of Briftol.
Mr. William Miller, Bookfeller, in Edinburgh, 25 Sets.
Mr. William Millet, Woolleti-Draper, in Briftol.
Richard Milnes, Efq;
Mr. Mitchell.
Mr. William Mitchell.
Mr. Richard Mollineux, of Fenchurch-Street.
Sir Cha. Molloy, Commander of the Carolina- Yatch,
Mr. Monn.
The Right Hon. Lord Montfort.
Mofes Montel, Efq;
Mr. Benjamin Moon, of Briftol.
Mr. William Moore, of Wood Street.
Mr, Henry Moore, of Plymouth.
Mr. Richard Montagu.
Mr. Montagu, Bookfeller, in Great-Queen- Street.
The Rev. Mr. Morgan, of Southgate.
Mr. John Morris.
Mr. Mye.
Mr. George Myers, of Tooting, Surrey.
James Mytton, Efq;
N.
H E Rev. Mr. Edward Napper, of Sherbourn.
Mr. Edward Neale, of Lombard- Street.
Mr. James Neeld.
George Nelthorpe, of Sea -Croft, Yorklhire, Elq;
Mr. James Neve, of Haydon-Square.
Mr. Newcomb, of Clapton, Hackney.
Mr. Chriftopher Newman, of Norwich.
Mr. Richard Newton.
Mrs. Sarah Newton, Bookfeller, in Manchefter, 25 Sets.
Dr. Newington, Phyfician.
Mr. Edward Nicholls, of Kings- Wellon, near Briftol.
Mr. Nicole, of Batterfey.
Mr. Norcote. -
Mr. John Norman, Haberdalhcr, in Briftol.
Robert North, of Scarborough, in Yorklhire, Liq*
Mr. North.
Mr. Norton, Bookfeller, in London,
Mr. William Nofs.
Mr. Peter Noualle.
John Noyes, Efq,
HIS Excellency General Oglethorpe, 2 Sets.
Mr. Edward Oldfield,
I
A LIS T of S U
Mr. Thomas Omer.
Samuel Ongley, Efq; Memb. of Pari, for Bedford.
Mr. Jofeph Ord.
Captain Humphry Ormes.
Mr. Richard Overal.
Mr. James Overal.
Mr. John Overlove.
Mr. John Outhwaite.
The Rev. Mr. Owen, of Hafcomb.
P.
MR. James Paine.
Mrs. Sarah Paine.
Mr. Thomas Paine, Bookbinder, in Katharinewheel-
Alley, Whitechapel.
Mr. John Palmer, of Briftol.
Mr. Thomas Palmer, of Broadftreet.
Mr. Robert Paltock, Attorney at Law, in Enfield.
Mr. William Pardo.
Mr. Henry Parker, Merchant, in Briftol.
►Mr, Nicholas Parr, Engraver.
Mr. Parry, of Conduit-Street.
Mr. Samuel Parvifh, Bookfeller, in Guilford.
Mr. Richard Partridge, of Tower-Hill.
Mr. Refta Patching.
Dr. John Pawfo.n.
Mr. Thomas Payne, Bookfeller, in Bifhopfgate-Street.
Mr. John Pearfon, of Briftol.
Mr. John Pearfon, of Lynn.
Mr. William Pearfon.
Mr. Samuel Peach, Haberdafher, in Briftol.
Mr. Richard Peake, Cripplegate.
Mr. Samuel Peare, Merchant, in Briftol.
Rev. Mr. Penwarne, M. A. Chaplain to the Iron-
Mongers - Hoipital.
Hutton Perkins, Efq;
- - Perry, Efq;
Mr. Richard Percival, Merchant, in Briftol,
Mr. Richard, Perkins, Mercer, in Briftol.
Dr. Peters, of St. James’s-Place.
Mr. Elias Penn.
Mr. Perrit, of York.
Mr. Phillips.
Mr. John Phillips, Dodlors-Commons.
Mr. Phipps, Mercer, Cheapfide.
Mr. William Pick, of the Iile of Wight.
Benjamin Pindar, of Penryn, Efq;
Mrs. Pitt, of Sarum.
John Pigott, Efq; of Brockley, Somerfetftiire.
Mr. John Pitman, Briftol.
Mr. David Abineta Pimentel.
John Pine, Efq; Blue-Mantle Purfuivant at Arms.
Alured Pincke, Efq;
Mr. Jofeph Pidding, Attorney at Law, in Briftol.
Mr. Benjamin Platt, in Biftiopfgate-Street.
Rev. Mr. Peter Plattell, of Endfield.
Mr. Jonathan Plummell, of Norwich.
Mr. Henry Piumptre,of Queen’s-College, Cambridge.
Mr. Potts.
Mr. Jofeph Portal), of Freefolk, Hants.
Mr. Jofeph Porter, Merchant, in London,
Mr. Potter.
Mr. John Pocock, Queen Hith.
Rev. Mr. Pope, of Corfe-Caftle, Me of Purbeck.
John Popham, Efq; ot Newport, Ifie of Wight
Mr. James Porteous, Leicefter-Fields,
Colonel Porteen.
Mackworth Praed, Efq;
4
BSCRIBER S..
Thomas Pratt, Efq;
Mr. Edward Price.
Mr. Francis Prieft.
Mr. Primate.
- - Proby, of the Inner-Temple, Efq;
Mr. Richard Proffer.
Mr. Edmund Proudfoot.
Mr. Stephen Pue, of Yarmouth.
Thomas Pulleyn, Efq; of Barley, Yorkfhire.
Publick Library, at Pocklington, Yorkfhire.
John Putland, Efq;
Henry Pye, of Knotting, Bed ford fhi re, Efq;
Mr. Samuel Pye, Surgeon, Briftol.
Mr. Richard Pyott.
Q,
ESS. Quinque, of the Royal-Exchange-Affu-
rance- Office.
R,
HE Right Hon. the Earl of Radnor.
The Right Hon. the Lady Raymond.
Mr. William Randall, of Exeter.
Rev. Mr. Ramfden.
Mr. Ramfden, of Norwich.
Mr. William Ramfay, of the Academy, at Briftol.
Dr. George Randolph, M. D. of Briftol.
Mr. Robert Rainsford, of Charter-houfe Square.
Mrs. Razer, of Laurence-Poultney Lane-
Captain John Read, of Briftol.
Mr. John Read, of Briftol.
Mr. Reading.
Mr. William Reafon.
Mr. Loving Redftone, of the Me of Wight.
Mr. William Reeve.
Mr. Jofeph Reynolds, Wine-Merchant of Briftol.
Mr. William Rice, of Carmarthen.
Lady Rich.
Mr. Hofier Richardfon.
Mr. Arthur Richardfon, Whitechapel.
Mr. Peter Richardfon, Bartlett’s-Buildings.
Mr. John Rigby, of Manchefter.
Mr. John Rifoliere, Diftiller, in Spital-Fields.
Mr. John Rivington, Bookfeller, in London, 75 Seta.
- - Rolt, of Sarum, Efq;
Mr. Roberts, of Garlick-Hithe.
Mr. Henry Roberts, of the Me of Wight.
Mr. William Roberts, of York.
Mr. Samuel Rhodes, Bookfeller, of Plymouth.
Mr William Rogers, of Hellion, Cornwall.
Mr. John Rogers, of Lefkard, Cornwall.
Mr. J. Rocque, Surveyor.
Mr. John Robinfon, of Fountain-Court, in the Strand.
Mr. William Rofiey.
Mr. Kerrill Roffey,
Mr. Rooke, of Coleman-Street.
Henry Rowe, of Bloomfhury- Square, Efq; *
Mir. William Ruflell, of Falmouth.
Rev. Mir. Ruflell, of Weft-Wickham.
Mr. Timothy Rutter.
Mr. Thomas Rutty.
Wfilliam Ryder, Efq;
S,
HE Right Hon. the Earl of Stamford.
Rev. Mr. John Sampfon.
Mr. Sadler, of Pater Nofter-Row.
Mr. Samuel Savage.
Mr. William Savage.
Mr
A LIST cf S
Mr. Saunders.
Rev. Mr. W. Saunders. -
Mr. Tho. Savours, Attorney at Law, Glamorganfhire.
Mr. Edward Say, Printer, in London.
Mr. Andrew Saywell, Queen-ilreet, Cheapfide.
Mr. Robert Sayer, of Norwich.
Mr. Edward Scriviner, of Guilford.
Mr. John Scrivner.
Mr. Scott, Stone-Mafon.
Mr. Jonathan Scott.
Mr. Thomas Searle, Attorney at Law, at Newport,
Iile of Wight.
Rev. Mr. Samuel Seyer, Head-Mailer of the Gram¬
mar-School, Briftol.
Mr. William Seede, Apothecary, in Briftol.
Mr. Sedgwick.
Dr. William Selbie, of Berwick.
William Selwin, Efq; Merchant, in London.
Colonel John Selwyn, Member of Parliament for
the City of Gloucelter.
Mr. Sergeant.
Mr. Charles Searle.
Mr. Simon Shatford.
Dr. Shaw.
Mr. Shaw.
Mr. John Shebbeare, Chemift, in Briftol.
Mifs Futter Shelton.
Mr. Jofeph Sheppard, of Sheffield.
Mr. Shields.
Mr. Samuel Shifner, of Eenchurch-Street.
Mr. Richard Shipley.
Mr. Thomas Shippey, of Bafinghall- Street.
Mr. Sydenham Shipway, Linen-Draper, in Briftol.
The Hon. Sevvallis Shirley, Efq; Member of Parlia¬
ment for Brackley.
Mr. S brief,, of Fenchurch-Street.
Mr. Benjamin Simpfon.
Mr. Jiohn Simpfon.
Matthew Skinner, Efq; Chief- Juftice of Chefter.
Rev. Mr. Will. Smith, Re&or of Chrift Church, Briftol.
Mr. Conrade Smith, Merchant, in Briftol,
Mr. James Smith, in Briftol.
Mr. Thomas Smith, Merchant, in Briftol.
Mr. Richard Smith, Briftol.
Mr. Charles Smith, Black-Fryars.
Mr. Jofeph Smith, Druggift.
Mr. Chriftopher Smith, of Tower-Street.
Rev. Mr. Samuel Smith.
Mr. Smith, Coal -Merchant, in Thames-Street.
Mr. William Smyth, of Guilford.
Mr. Snelling.
Henry Snooke, Efq;
Mr. John Snow.
Stephen Soame, Efq;
Mr. Charles Spendelow.
Mrs. Spindlcr, of Gutter-Lane.
Mr. William Spinige.
Mr. Spooner, of Chancery-Lane.
John Spranger, Efq; of Beaufort-Buildings.
Ferdinand Springall, Efq;
Rev. Mr. Squire.
Mr. Tho. Stagg, Attorney at Law, inRed-Crofs-Street.
John Stainforth, of Grimftone, in Yorkshire, Efq;
Mr. John Stait, of Sarum.
Mr. John Stamford.
Mr. William Staples, Merchant, in London.
John Starke, Efq*
UBSCRIBERS.
Charles Stanley, Efq; of Grofs-Hall.
Mr. Benjamin Steele, Bilhopfgate-Street.
Mr. Robert Steele, 3 Sets.
Mr. Charles Steer.
Mr. James Steere.
Mr. Thomas Steere.
Mr. Richard Stephens. •
Mr. William Stephens, Linen-Draper, in Briftol.
Edward Stephenfon, Efq;
Mr. William Stepple. Leaden-Hall-Strect.
Mr. Doyly Stevens.
Mr. George Stevens, of Poplar.
Mr. Robert Stevens.
Captain Stevenfon.
The Hon. James Steuart, Efq; Vice-Admiral of the Red,
and Member of Parliament for Melcomb-Regis.
The Rev. Dr. Stillingfleet.
Mr. Hugh Stirling, of Manchefter.
Mr. William Stone, of Sarum.
Mr. John Stonehoufe.
Mr. Samuel Stonehoufe.
Mr. John Stott, of Manchefter.
Mr. Straton.
Mr. John Stratton, of Briftol.
Mr. Stubbs.
Captain Sutton.
Mr. Thomas Swain, of Leverington, near Wifbech.
Mr. John Swaine, of Teddington.
Mr. Thomas Swallow, of Harlefton.
Mr. Eufebius Sweet.
Mr. Sweeting.
Rev. Mr. Swinden.
Samuel Swine, Efq; of Cononley, Yorkfhire.
Mr. Stephen Switzer, Seeds-Man, in Weftminfter-Hall.
Captain William Swymer, of Briftol.
The Rev. Mr. Thomas Symmnds, Fellow of
Trinity-College, Cambridge.
Captain Samuel Symons.
T.
ENRY Talbot, Efq;
Mr. Samuel Tailowin, of Norwich,
Mr. Tate.
Mr. John Tanner.
Mr. JohnTappin, in Fetter-Lane.
John Taylor, Efq; of Fulforth, Yorkfhire.
Captain Taylor.
Mr. Benjamin Taylor.
Mr. Henry Tafh, Merchant, of London.
John Tayler, of Eaft- Sheen, Efq;
Mr. John Taylor.
Mr. Samuel Taylor, of Manchefter.
Mr. William Terry, of Sarum.
Mr. John Thiftleton.
Mr. John Thomas.
Mr. Kellom Thomlinfon, Dancing-Mailer.
Mr. John Thompfon, Merchant, in Briftol.
Mr. Thompfon.
Mr.Thomas Thornd.
Mr. John Thornhill, Attorney at Law, of Briftol.
Mr. Thomas Thorpe, of Manchefter.
Ralph Thrale, Efq; Member of Pari, for Southwark.
Mr. Thornton, Attorney at Law, at Bradford in Yoxkfti.
Captain Samuel Thornton.
Mr. Thorough good.
Mark Thurfton, Efq; Mailer in Chancery.
Mr. John Thurfton, Attorney at Law, Briftol.
b * Mr.
A LIST of SUBSCRIBERS.
Mr. John Timms.
Mr. Shacey Till.
The Rev. Mr. Chichefter Tomkins.
Francis Topham, of York, Efq;
Marmaduke Tonftall, of Wickliff, in Yorkfliire, Efq;
The Right Hon. Lady Vifcountefs Torrington.
Mr. John Tonge, Merchant, in Briftol.
Mr. John Townfhend, of Winchefter-Street,.
Mr. Robert Toller, of Stockport, Lancalhire.
Dr. Tollot, Medecin a Paris.
Mr. Michael Tovey.
Mr. William Tourle.
Mr. Alexander Townley, of Manchefler.
Mr. Benjamin Travers, of the Ifle of Wight.
Mr. Trent, Apothecary, in Bcdford-Strect, Holbourn.
The Right Hon. the Lord Trevor.
The Rev. Mr. Tringham, Head-Mafter of Lufton
Schools, Herefordihire.
Mr. Henry Trollop, Merchant, in London.
The Rev. Mr. Troyte.
Mr. JohnTruland, at Laurence- Hill, Gloucefterfhire.
John Tuckfield, Efq;
Mr. Thomas Twining, of Devereux-Court.
Sir Roger Twifden, Bart. Knight of the Shire for Kent.
Mr. George Tyndale, Attorney at Law, in Briilol.
Mr. John Tyler, at Briftol.
V.
COL. Vachel, of Abington, near Cambridge.
The Hon. Edward Vernon, Efq; Vice-Admiral
of the Red, and Member of Parliament for Ipfwich.
Mrs. Vernon, of Cleveland- Court.
Mr. John Vere.
Mr. Henry V oght, Merchant, in London.
The R.ev. Mr. Voder, of Heddenham.
Mr. Udney.
Gent Unwin, of Mark-Lane, Efq;
Mr. William Upfold, in the Poultry.
Mr. Richard Urry, of Lymington.
W.
R. Edward Wade, Attorney, inAbchurch-Lane.
Mr. Waldo, of Broad-Street.
Mr. Charles Wale.
Mr. Wale.
Mr. Ifaac Waler, of Harlefton.
Mr. D. Wales, of Peterborough.
Mr. Walker, of Weldrake, Yorklhire,
Dr. Thomas Walker, Advocate, in Doctors- Commons.
Mr. Thomas Waller.
Mr. Richard Ward, of Norwich.
Mr. James Ware, of Edmonton.
Richard Warren, Efq; of the Red-Cliff, near Briftol,
Somerfetfhfre.
Mr. William Walter.
Mr. James Walton.
Mr. John Ward.
Mr. Ralph Ward, in Exchange -Alley. ,
Lee Warner, of Walftngham in Norfolk, Efq;
Richard Warner, of Woodford in Efiex, Efq;
Mr. William W arricke, of St. Auftle.
Mr. Waters.
Mr. Watkins, in Newgate Street.
Mr. Watfon, of the Poft-Officc.
Rev. Thomas Watts, M. A. Preacher to the Society
of Lincoln’s Inn.
Gabriel Wayne, Efq; of Hainebrookc, in Gloucefterfh.
Rev. Mr. Welton, M. A.
Mr. Roderick Webb.
Mr. David Webber, of Clift-Hydon, Devonfliire.
Mr. Webfter, of Exchange- Alley.
Mr. George Welbourne.
Mr. Saunders Welch.
Mr. Thomas Weftern, of Coleman Street.
Edward Wefton, Efq;
Mr. George Wheeler.
Mr. John Whiftler, Mercer in Briftol.
Mr. John Whifton.
Mefis. Whitaker and Hennington.
Rev. Mr. White. ,
Mr. Samuel White.
Rev. Dr. White.
Mr. Jofeph White.
Mr. Anthony Whitehead, Diftiller in Briftol.
Mr. John Whitehead.
Richard Whitehead, of Bramfliot, Efq;
Mr. James Whitefield, Merchant in Briftol.
Mr. Thomas Whitton, of Exeter.
Edward Horfely Widderington, Efq;
Mr. John Wight, of Guildford.
Mr. Jofeph Wight, of Thames-Street.
Mr. Jofeph Wilfon, Surgeon, in Endfield.
Mr. Peter Wilder, of Briftol.
Mr. Jofeph Wilkinfon.
Mr. James Wilkinfon, Bookfeller in Portfmouth-.
Mr. Wilkinfon
Mr. Edward Willcocks, Merchant, of Briftol.
Rev. Mr. Williams, Prebendary of Peterborough.
Rev. Mr. Williams, of Jefus College, Oxford.
Mr. John Williams, in Cox’s-Square, Spittle-P ields.
Mr. Francis Williams, Attorney at Law, at Newport,
in the Ifte of Wight.
Rev. Mr. Williams, of Crowan, Cornwall,,
Richard Willouby, Efq; of Knoyle. ^
Mr. Willy, Merchant, in London,
Mr. Wilmer.
The Right Rev. the Lord Bifhop ©f Winchefter.
Wad ham Windham, Efq;
William Windham, Efq;
Mr. Fretne Windowe, Apothecary, of Briftol.
Mr. Helburn Withy.
Mr. Wood.
John W7ood, Efq; of Boynton in Yorkfliire'. *
Mr. Thomas Woodcock, of Cureden in Lancalhire.
Rev. Mr. Woodford.
Mr. Thomas Woodford, of the Hie of Wight.
Mr. Edward Woodrow.
Thomas Worfley, Efq; of Hovingham, in Yorklhire,
James Worfeley, Efq; of Pilewel, Hants.
Mr. William Woodward, of Yarmouth.
Sir John Wray, Bart, of Sleningford in Yorkfliire.
Mr. George Wright.
Mr. Wright,
Mr. William Wright, of the Temple.
The Rev. Mr. Wyat, Vicar of Wcftham, Efiex.
Mr. Alexander Wycherley.
Mils Henrietta Wyndham, of Dinton.
Y.
R. Robert Yefcombe, Attorney at Law at
Briftol.
Mr. Robert Young.
Z.
oi KinsScrsct-
T H E
\
THE
O N T E N T S.
The INTRODUCTION.
Q F the Rife and Progrefs of Navigation and Commerce in fevcral Parts of the World .
PART I. BOOK I.
P, i,
ibid.
TffiOYA G E S to the South-Eaft and Eaft Indies, till the Europeans fettled there .
^ The fir f Voyages of the Portugueze to the Eaft Indies.
Chap. I. Voyages and Difcoveries of the Portugueze along the Coajl of Africa, as far as Cape Verde :
Collected from de Faria y Soufa, Juan de Barros, Antonio Galvam, and other Authors. 10.
Chap. II. Difcoveries of the Portugueze continued from Cape Verde, as far as Cabo de Buena Ef-
peranza, or the Cape of Good Hope : From the fame Authors. 1 5,.
Chap. III. Portugueze fent to difeover the Eaft Indies by Land , with a more particular Account of
the firjl Settlements made in Mandinga, Guinea, and Kongo. 18.
Chap. IV. Vafco de Gama’r Voyage to India in 1497? being the firjl performed by the Portugueze
round Africa. 21.
Chap. V. The Voyage of Pedro Alvarez -Cabral, in 1500, being the fecond of the Portugueze to In¬
dia. Taken chiefiy from Caftanneda. 40-
Chap. VI. The Voyage of Juan deNueva ; being the third made by the Portugueze to the Eaft Indies.
Taken chiefiy from C aftanneda. 49-
Chap. VII. The fecond Voyage of Vafco de Gama in 1502 ; being the fourth made by the Portugueze
to the Eaft Indies. 50.
Chap. VIII Voyages and TranfaVtions of the Portugueze in India, from 1503 to 1507, with the Ex¬
ploits of Pacheco. Extracted from Caftanneda, de Barros, and de Faria y Soufa. 54.
Chap. IX. Exploits of the Portugueze, in the Year 1507, under Don Francifco de Almeyda, firjl
Vice-Roy of India. Extracted from the fame Authors. 58.
Chap. X. Continuation of the Exploits of the Portugueze, under the Vice-R.orfi.dp of Almeyda, from
1508 to 1510. 64.
Chap. XI. The Exploits of Albuquerque, zvhile Vice-Roy of India, from 1510 to 1516. 71,
Chap. XII. A brief Account of the Portugueze Tranfaffions in India, from 1516 to 1521, under the
Government of Lope Soarez. 76.
Chap. XIII. Tranfadiions and Difcoveries of the Portugueze, from 1521 to 1537. 79.
Chap. XIV. Continuation of Portugueze Traiifadlions and Difcoveries , from 1537 to 1542. 83^
Chap. XV. An Account of the Portugueze Pojfeffions , from the Cape of Good Hope to China. 85.
Chap. XVI. The Voyage of Soleyman Bafha, from Suez to India, in his Expedition againjl the Por¬
tugueze at Diu, in 1537. Written by an Officer of the Venetian Galleys , ( who was preffed into
the Turkifh Service) and now firjl tranfiated from the Italian. 88.
Chap. XVII. The Siege of Diu, by Soleyman Bafha of Egypt, in 1539- 102,
Chap. XVIII. The Voyage of Don Stefano de Gama, from Goa to Suez, in 1540, with Intent to
burn the Turkifh Galleys in that Port. Written by Don Juan de Caftro, then a Captain in the Fled ;
Afterwards Governor and Vice-F.oy of India. Tranfiated from the Portugueze, and abbreviated, ion.
Chap. XIX. A Defcription of the Sea of Kolzum, commonly called the Arabic Gulf, or Red-Sea '
From Abu’lfeda’r Geography. - 1 30,
Chap. XX. The fecond Siege of Diu, by Mahmud King of Kambaya, in 1545, under the Govern¬
ment of Don Juan de Caftro. l32’
• a. BO OF
The CONTENTS,
BOOK II.
CjfiHE firjl Voyages of the Englifh to Guinea, and the Eaft: Indies. P. 138.
Chap. I. The fecond Voyage io Barbary in the Tear 1552, by Captain Thomas Windham. Writ¬
ten by Air. James Thomas, the Captain’s Page. 140.
Ch ap. II. A Voyage to Guinea ana Benin, in 1553, b Thomas Windham, and Antonio Anes Pin-
teado, Captains. 141.
Chap. III. The fecond Voyage to Guinea, in 1554, by Captain John Lok. Written by one of the
principal Pilots. _ 144.
Chap. IV. The frjl Voyage made to the Goaf of Guinea, by William Towrfon, Merchant of Lon¬
don, in 1555. 150.
Chap. V. The fecond Voyage of Mr. Towrfon to the Coafl of Guinea, and the Cajlle del Mina,
in 1556. ' 162.
Chap. VI. The third and lajl Voyage of Mr. Towrfon to the Coajl of Guinea, and the Cajlle del
Mina, in 1557. 169.
Chap. VII. Voyages to Guinea in 1561 and 1562, 1564 and 1566. 176.
Chap. VIII. The Voyage of Captain George Fenner to the Iflands of Cape Verde, in 1566, with
three Ships and a Pinnace. Written by Walter Wren. 185.
Chap. IX. The Voyage of Thomas Stephens in the Portugueze Fleet to Goa, in 1579. 191.
Chap. X. Containing j'ome Naval Expeditions, and Cruizing Voyages, againjl the Spaniards and Por¬
tugueze. 1 94.
Chap. XI. Two Voyages to Benin beyond Guinea, in 1588, and 1590. Written by James Wellh,
chief Alajier in the Voyage. 199.
Chap. XII. A Cruizing Voyage,- by the Right Honourable George Earl of Cumberland, to the A-
zores, in 1589. Written by Mr. Edward Wright, Mathematician and Engineer. 206.
Chap. XIII. The Fight between the Revenge Alan of War , commanded by Sir Richard Grenville,
and fifteen Armadas of the King of Spain, in 1591. Written by Sir Walter Ralegh, Knight. 216.
Chap. XIV. A Cruizing Voyage to the Azores in 1591, with a Fleet of London Ships, under the
Command of Captain Robert Flicke ; defigned as Supplies to Lord Thomas Howard. Written by the
Captain himfelf. To which is added , an Account of the Weft India Fleet , expelled in Spain the
fame Tear ; and the Number of its Ships lojl or taken. 221.
CfiAP. XV. The Exploits of the Englifh in fever al Expeditions, and Cruizing Voyages , from 1589
to 1592. Extracted from John Huighen Van Linfchoten’r Voyage from Goa to Portugal. 225.
Chap. XVI. A Voyage to the Eaft Indies in the Tear 1591, (being the fir Jl performed by the Englifh
to thofe Parts ) begun by Captain George Raymond, and finijhed by Captain James Lancafter.
Written from the Report of Edmund Barker, Lieutenant of the Bonaventure. 235.
Chap. XVII. The Voyages of Richard Rainolds and Thomas Daffel to the Rivers of Senega and
Gambra, adjoining on Guinea, 1591. 242.
Chap. XVIII. A Cruizing Voyage to the Azores, in 1592, by Sir John Burrough, Knight , in order
to intercept the Eaft India Caraks. 245.
Chap. XIX. Two remarkable Sea-Fights, one in 1592, wherein two AfTogue Ships were taken-, the
other in 1593, when a large Eaft India Carak was burned . 249.
Chap. XX. The unfortunate Voyage of Captain Benjamin Wood, toward the Eaft Indies, in 1596.
/ _ 252.
Chap. XXI. A Voyage to the Eaft Indies, in 1598, by Captain John Davis, who went Pilot in a Dutch
Ship. Written by himfelf. 254.
BOOK III.
TJIR.ST Voyages of the Englifh to the Eaft Indies, fit forth by the Company of Merchants. 262.
Chap. I. The Voyage of Captain James Lancafter, in the Tear 1600, being the firjl made on Ac->
count of the Eaft India Company. ibid.
Chap. II. The Voyage of Captain (afterwards Sir) Henry Middleton, in 1604, being the fecond fit
forth ly the Eaft India Company. 279.
Chap. III. An Account of Java, and the firjl Settlement of the Englifh at Bantam. With a Journal
of Occurrences there ; particularly in Regard to what pajfied between them and the Dutch, as well as
the Natives, from 1602, to 1605, Vclufivcly. Extracted from the larger Relation , written by
Edmund Scot, chief FaClor. * 284.
Chap. IV. The Voyage of Sir Edward Michelburne, Bantam, in 1604. 306,
Chap. V. The Voyage of Captain William Keeling, in 1607, to Bantam and Banda ; being the third
fit out by the India Company. Written by the Captain himfelf \ and abbreviated. 312.
2 Chap.
The CONTENTS.
Chap. VI. The Voyage of Captain David Middleton to Bantam, and the Molukkos, in 1607. P. 3-22.
Chap. VII. The Voyage of Captain Alexander Sharpey, in 1608 ; being the fourth fet cut by the £ alt
India Company. Written by Captain Robert Coverte. ' ^36.
Chap. VIII. A brief Account of the fame Voyage of the Afcenfion. Written by Thomas Jones. 344.
Chap. IX. The Voyage of Captain Richard Rowles to Priaman, in the Union ; being a Continuation
of the fourth Voyage. ^48.
Chap. X. The Voyage of Captain David Middleton to Java and Banda, in 1609 ; being the Jfth
Voyage fet forth by the Company. Extracted from a Letter written by himfelf to the Merchants.
Chap. XL The Voyage of Sir Henry Middleton to the Red-Sea, and Surat, in 1610; being the
ftxth fet forth by the Eaft India Company. Written by Sir Henry himfelf 360.
Chap. XII. The Journal of Captain Nicholas Dounton, Lieuteuant-General , in the fame Voyage of
^ Sir Henry Middleton. . 39o.
Chap. XIII. The Voyage of Captain Anthony Hippon to the Coajl of Koromandel, Bantam, and
Siam, in 161 1 ; being the feventh fet forth by the Eaft India Company. Written by Nathaniel Mar¬
ten, Mafer’s Mate. 429.
Chap. XIV. The Journal of Mr. Peter Williamfon Floris, Cape-Merchant in the fame Vovage of
Captain Hippon. Tranfated from the Dutch, and contracted. 435-
Chap. XV. The Voyage of Captain Samuel Caftleton to Priaman, in 1612. Written by John Tat-
ton, Mafter. 446.
Chap. XVI. The Voyage of Captain John Saris to the Red-Sea, ^Molukkos, and Japan, in 161 1 ;
being the eighth Voyage fet forth by the Eaft India Company. Collected out of the Captain’s own
Journal. . ; 451,.
Chap. XVII. Occurrences at Bantam, and other Parts of the Eaft Indies, frojn Otftober 1605, till
Odlober 1609 ; with an Account of the Marts and Commodities of thofe Parts. By Captain John
Saris. ' . 496.
Chap. XVIII. A Relation of tuhat pafl at Firando in the General’s Abfence, at the Emperor’s Court..
Written by Richard Cocks, Cape-Merchant. 309.
Ch ap. XIX. Several Particulars relating to the Affairs of Japan, from 1614 to 1620, extracted
from the Letters of Mr. Cocks. To which is added , the SubJlance of two Letters from Mr. Sayer ;
and a Letter from the Emperor of Japan, to the Prince of Orange. 517.
Chap. XX. The Voyage of William Adams, Pilot , to Japan, with his Adventures, and Promotion
there. Written by himfelf. 525,.
B O O K IV.
T/rO PAGES to f ever al Parts of Africa, and the Ifands adjacent ; with particular Defcriptions of
* the refpediive Countries , and their Inhabitants. 332.
Chap. I.. A Defcriptiion of the Canary Ifands and Madera, with their remarkable Fruits and Com¬
modities. By Thomas Nichols. To which is added , a farther Account of each , by Way of Supple¬
ment from later Authors. ibid.
Chap. II. The Voyage of Aluife da Cada Mofto, in 1455, along the Coajl of Africa, as far as Rjo
Grande. Written by himfelf. Tranfated from the Italian. 572..
Chap. III. The fecond Voyage of Aluife da Cada Mofto to the Coajl of Africa, in 1456, in which
the Cape de Verde Ifands were difeovered. JVritten by himfelf. 592.
Chap. IV. The Voyage of Captain Piedro de Ciptra, a Portugueze, to Sierra Leona. Written by
Aluife da Cada Mofto. 597.
Chap. V. Account of a Voyage to the Ifands of the Canaries, Cape de Verde, and Barbados, in 1721.
By Captain George Roberts. Written by himfelf. * 590.
Chap. VI. A Defcriptis?i of the Cape de Verde Ifands, 627.-
E R R A T A.
Page 1 ;. Line 36. for Suer, read Sues. P. 6. A S. /. fifth, r. third ; A 33. /, t 592. r. 1492. P. 11. A 14. f. Ternacabal, r.
Terzanabal. F. 19. /. 9. f Ormaz, r. Ormuz. P. 22, l. 33. and 45. f. Ifhnd, r. Ba,y. P. 23. I. 9. f. November, r. Decem¬
ber. P. 41. A 26. r. not heard of for fome Time. P. 81. 1. 33. f. Thqufa.nd, r. Hundred. P. 8t. A 38. dele, Dotelld’s fur-
prizing Voyage, fife. P. 99. A 56. f. Mukka, r. Mecca. P. 104. A 22. /. Vefeencelos, r. Vafconcelos. P. 112. A 3.1. f. Dal-
haka, r. Dahlak. P. 124. A 42. f. p. 38, r. p. 88 ; A 47. f. Mahomte, r. Mahomet. P. 141. A 12. r. Voyage to the Coaft
of. P. 274. A 31. /. 1603-4, r. 1602-3. P. 280. A 28 . /. we, r. he. P. 3.11. A 46. /. flam, r. killed ; A 56. /. are, r. [a-
panefe. P. 330. A 10. /. Honefties, r. Honefty. P. 332. A 22 and 34. /. Saldania, r. Saldanna. P. 333. A 47. /. very Wa¬
ter, r. very good Water. P. 337. A 36. /..lie, r. lies. P. 344. A 36. r. They overtake a Ship of Diu ; A 37. The Captain-'
tricked at Aden. P. 393. to 402. /. 1612, r. 1610; from 402. to 408. /. 1613, r. 1611. P. 423. A 37. /. a Snakes, Sev-
Snakes. P. 435. A 13. /, Pataney, r. Patane. P. 448. A 58. r. Batikala. P. 464. A 43. after Clove, put a full Stop; A 47.
dele and. P. 543. A 31. /. Seft. III. r. Se£l. IV. P. 547. A 30. f. Sedh IV. r. Seff. V. P. 571. A 56. /. which was, which 1
River was. P. 574. A 41. /. defrayed the, defrayed by the. P. 6co. A 40. /. within, r. With, in. P. 624. A ?>. r. Balcavi-
liec, j A 31. r. das Bharhas. P. 663. A 55. /. was, r, were*
A LIST of the CHARTS and CUTS, mth Directions to the Binder
for placing them, and References to the Pages where they are Mentioned.
To face
Chart I.
V
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
Frontispiece.
A Chart of the Weftern Coaft of Africa , from the J
Sireigbts of Gibraltar to eleven Degrees of North >
Latitude, including the Canary and Cape Verde Wes. j
A Chart of the Weftern Coaft of Africa , from theT
twelfth Degree of North Latitude to the eleventh, i
South, with the adjacent Wands. j
A Chart of the Weftern Coaft of Africa , from the
eleventh Degree of South Latitude to the Cape of
Good Hope.
A Chart of the Eaftern Coaft of Africa , from the /
Cape of Good Hope to Cape del Gada £
A Chart of all the known Wands off the Coaft of 7
Zenji bar and Madagafkar , lying in the Way to India. 5
A Chart of the Eaftern Coaft of Africa , from the
thirteenth Degree of South to the ftxtecnth Degree
of North Latitude.
A Chart of the Coaft of Arabia , the Red Sea , and 7
the Perfian Gulph. 5
A Chart of the Coaft of Perfia , Guzurat , and Malabar.
Page
N. B. Thefe eight Charts to follow each other at the Ena of the Volume.
Plate I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XL
XII.
XIII.
The King of Kochin riding on an Elephant, attended}
by his Nayros. ?*
Small Indian Vefiels ufed on the Coaft of Malabar, j
Sea-We pds. ?
Flying-Fish Chafe. £
The Flying-Filh, and its Enemies of the Air and Water.
A Plan of the Wand of Tenerife. 7
A View of the Town and Road of Santa Cruz. 3
Two Views of the Pike of Tenerife.
A Plan of the Wand of Madera.
The Dragon-Tree.
A View of the Road and Town of Funchal , the Capi¬
tal of Aladera.
A Map of the Cape de Verde Wands.
A Plan of Porto Grande Bay, in the Wand of St. Vincent.
A Prospect of the Fort, Town, and Bay of Mo
zambik.
A Prospect of the Wand of Ormus.
46
1
XIV.
XV.
A Prospect of the City of Diu .
The Wand of Mayo.
The Wand of St. Jago.
The Harbour of Prayo in St. Jago.
A Man and Woman of the Wand of St. John ,
A View of the Wand of Fuego.
A Prospect of the Harbour of St. Vincent*
5
1
Mentioned
Page
10, Ac.
*33,
Ac.
235>
Ac.
254.
Ac.
264,
Ac.
336>
Ac.
452,
Ac.
107,
Ac.
36o>
Ac.
45 1 3
Ac.
32> 1
Ac.
T93>
Ac.
192,
Ac.
Ca
OO
CO
s*
Ac.
5383
547
557
5573
565
558,
Ac.
599 to the End.
672, Ac.
24, 25
74>
69,93^02,
122
638
650
655
664, Ac.
657
672
T HE
THE
INTRODUCTION.
£ * •> . * •; 3 , - «: tj , • J ’ ’ X i * ) ' * . >
, , j ' »
Of the Rise and Progress of Navigation and
Commerce, in f ever al Parts of the World.
The Author' s^WT T being our Defign to give a Colle&ion of
View. B all the remarkable Voyages that have been
B made of late Ages, whether on the Score of
B Dilcovery, Conqueft, Trade or Obfervation,
it may not be amifs to premife fome general
Account of Navigation and Commerce in feveral
Countries down to the prefent: Wherein particu¬
lar Regard will be had to their Progrefs after the
Fall of the Roman Empire ; their Declenfion in
Europe till the Invention of the Compafs ; and
laftly, the great Improvements and Advantages
they have received fince that Difcovery, beyond
what they did, or poffibly could attain to, in
former Ages.
Vfeltfs Re- I n this Attempt, we Ihall not follow the Ex-
jearchett ample of the generality of Authors, who are for
carrying their Difquifitions, not only a§ far back
as the Flood, but even beyond it : Becaufe it feems
to be throwing away Time to pulh our Inquiries
into Ages, concerning whofe Affairs we have no
Account that can be depended on ; and about
which, confequently, all that can be laid, muft
be pure Conjecture. Neither Ihall we undertake
to fettle what relates to the Migrations of Mam-
kind, and peopling of Countries, a Labour no lets
vain than the former 3 : Nor trouble ourfelves with
‘examining how manyBanks of Oars there were in
the Greek and Roman Ships of War, or in what Or¬
der they were difpo fed ; about which, many of the
Learned have fpent fo much ufelefs Pains : Becaufe
thefe are Matters, which in our Conception, have
little or no Relation to the prefent Defign ; and
if they had any, are not worth the Labour of In¬
quiry, confidering, that the Lights afforded by
Hiftory, are fo very obfcure, that the Moderns
are divided into various Opinions, which are all
fo different and liable to Objection, that they
would ferve only to puzzle and difgufl the Reader,
inftead of fatisfying his Curiofity a.
That the Ufe of Boats as well as Rafts, yj0 Urge
was very early, we can readily agree, becaufe Shipsinearhf
Mankind could not travel or remove their Sta-
tions, or migrate with their Families and Goods,
without fuch Helps in palling Rivers, or carry on
their little Traffick up and down them. They
were neceffary alfo for fifhing along the SeaCoafts;
and, venturing fo far, they might be tempted to
row a little way along the Shore to fell their Fifh,
* a They who would be farther fatisfied, with regard to this Matter, may confult the Unwerfal Hi for , Vol. I.
p. 1 56. As the Account given in Genefs , of the peopling of the Earth, is the only one that hath been tranf-
mitted down to us, and the Names of Places mentioned therein fo different from what they are at prefent,
it isvin vain (as the Author obferves) to pretend to fix the Seats of moft of the Nations at this time of Day,
with any fort of Certainty ; befides, the Mofaical Account is fo far from pointing out the Original of all Nations,
that his Migrations extend only to the Countries neighbouring on Syria : Eaftward, at fartheft, to India ; Weft- ward,
to Greece ; Northward, to the Countries between the Cafpian and Euxine Seas ; and Southward, to Nubia. So that
either the World was not peopled farther, which is fcarce to be prefumed, (ftnee China is allowed to be inhabited
immediately after the Flood, if not before) or thofer were all the Countries, the peopling of which came to the
Knowledge of Mofes. b To be convinced thereof, the Reader need only look into the Introductions to
Churchill's and Harris' s Collections of Voyages and Travels, efpecially the latter, where every thing relating to
this SubjeCt, feems to be raked, together ; and the feveral Writers upon the fame brought in, tediouily difputing
againft each other, with x View, it Ihould feem, rather to Ihew the Author’s Reading, than to inform his
Readers.
VOL. I.
B
and
2 R I s E and P
and by degrees, to barter for other things : But
as long Voyages required large and ftrong Veflels,
and Nations mud have grown powerful by Land,
before they could think of foreign Commerce by
Sea 5 therefore we can hardly fuppofe large Ships
to have been built, or long Voyages undertaken,
before fome confiderable Kingdoms or States were
founded, fuch as the Chinefe , Perfian , Affyrian ,
or Babylonian. But of thefe antient Monarchies,
the Accounts tranfmitted to us, are very imper¬
fect and uncertain. The Chinefe pretend to have
been powerful very early by Sea ; and great Fleets
are mentioned by Authors, as belonging to the
other Nations. Semiramis , Queen of Ajfyria ,
particularly is reported by fome of the Greek
Writers, to have had a Fleet of 1500 Sail. But
thefe Relations may be fufpedted. The Greeks , after
having deftroyed all the Records of the Babylonians
and Perftans , whom they conquered under Alex¬
ander , found themfelves obliged to invent Fables of
them, in order to fupply the Lofs of their Hiftory.
Or till Em- However, that the maritime Powers of
?Jresff'e Afta had their Fleets in the flourifhing Times of
*oun " ’ their Empires, and traded to India (that Fountain
of Wealth, from the earlieft Ages) is more than
probable, from Solomon’s fitting out a Fleet at
Ezion Gaber , in the Red-Sea , which traded to
Ophir ; and though it is not poflible to determine
where Ophir was really fituate, whether in any Part
of India, or only on fome Part of the Arabian or
African Coaft ; yet no Doubt ought to be made,
that the Voyage to India in thofe Days, was as
calily performed and much frequented, as it had
been at any Period fince then, till the Time that
the Mariner’s Compafs came in Ufe. Befides, it
is more likely, that India fhould afford a rich
Trade in thofe early Ages than Africa , which in
moft Parts, to this Day, is neither populous, ci¬
vilized, nor well cultivated, as India always was ;
and, if it yielded Ivory and Gold, muff needs
have been deftitute of fuch curious Manufactures e
and Furniture, as we are told were brought from
Ophir.
Phoenicians I n fitting out this Fleet, Solomon was affifted by
tbefirft Na- the King of Tyre , whofe Subjects, the Phoenicians ,
vigaton. were the firft Nation that made any Figure in
thefe Parts of the World by Sea. They traded,
it may be prefumed, to all Parts of the Mediter¬
ranean, , where the ProfpeCt of Commerce led
them ; and urged, by Third: of Gain, even paf-
fed the Straits of Gibraltar , and traffick’d as far
as the Britifh Ifles for Tin. ’Tis very likely, that
they paffed alfo to the Southward of the Streights,
along the Coaft of Africa , inqueftof Commerce;
and that they fettled Colonies or Factories, in fe-
veral Places, for the Conveniency of carrying it
on to the belt Advantage.
R O G R E S S of
1 That the Egyptians had Fleets, and carried Comment,/
on Commerce, is very probable, even before the
Time of Solomon , who poflibly was moved by their ’
Example, to trade to Ophir. But in that and
other diftant Voyages, in all Likelihood, they em¬
ployed the Phoenicians , who feem to have been
the moft famous Ship Builders, as well as expert
and venturous Navigators of thofe Ages : For we
find Pharaoh Near, and other Kings, fending
them by Way of the Red-Sea , to make Difcs>-
) veries of Africa , round which, it is reported, that
they failed, returning to Egypt through the Me¬
diterranean a. And that they adually performed
the Voyage, appears near to a Demonftration,
from the very Circumftance related by them,
which to Herodotus feemed incredible, viz. That
in their Paffage round Africa , they had the Sun
for a long Time to the North of them:' A well
known FaCt to all who at prefent fail to the Eajl
Indies. Whether the Trade of Egypt declined,
and in what Degree, upon the fucceffive Con-
quefts of the Babylonians and Perfians , does not
appear from Hiftory.
The Greeks built Ships foon after they had of the
formed themfelves into States, as may be pre-Grceks5
fumed, from the Fleets they fent to the Siege of
Troy. They were obliged likewife to increafc
their Naval Power, in order to oppofe the Per¬
ftans, who frequently invaded their Coafts with
Fleets, navigated by Phoenicians : But ’tis proba-
1 ble, they had no Ships of any confiderable Bulk,
nor did extend their Commerce far, till the
Time of Alexander ; who having conquered the
Empire of the Perfians , the Greeks fucceeded to
their Power by Sea, as well as Land. They fur-
paffed the others far in the Size of their Ships; and
had large Fleets in the Indian Seas, as well as the
Mediterranean. The Ptolemys , who reigned in
Egypt , revived, or at leaft, greatly improved Trade,
opening a Communication with the Indies , by
Way of the Reel-Sea , or Arabic Gulf, where
Berenice, fuppofed to be the prefent Kofsir, was
founded for that purpofe. To this Port were
brought the principal Merchandizes of Arabia,
India , Perfia , and Ethiopia, (under which Name
may be included, all the then known Parts of
Africa, to the South of Egypt) from thence they
were conveyed to Coptos, but three Days Journey
diftant, and fo down the Nile to Alexandria, near
the Mouth of that River in the Mediterranean
Sea ; from whence, chiefly, all Europe was fup-
plied with the Commodities of the Eaft.
Whilst the Greeks ruled by their Fleets \r\Of tie Car-
the Eaftern Parts of the Mediterranean, the Car- tha5inians
thaginians, a Colony of Phoenicians , were power- mansj°"
ful at Sea in the Weftern Part, and even traded
without the Streights.. Scylax Cariendenfts , in the
* Vid. Herodot. lib, 4. 104. Strab, lib. z.
Beginning
Navigation and Commerce.' $
Beginning of his Periphis , obferves, that they had a
many Emporiums to the North thereof; and,
probably, they had others to the South, fince
Hanno , in his Voyage, (faid to have been made
round Africa *) founded feveral Cities, and fettled
Colonies on the Weftern Coafts. This Nation,
by their frequent Invafions of Italy , and Depreda¬
tions committed on its Merchant Ships, at length
obliged the Romans to have Recourfe to a Naval
Armament in their own Defence; and thefe lat¬
ter, having, in procefs of Time, fubdued the b
Greeks , as well as the Carthaginians , became pof-
fefl’ed both of their Commerce and Power by Sea,
in Confequence of fuch Conqueft.
it declines in T h e Commerce and Naval Power of the Ro-
Europe. man Empire continued in a flourifhing State, fo
long as it remained in one Body : But from the
Time of its Divifion into two Parts, it began to
decline; till at length the Weftern Empire, be¬
ing deftroyed by the Goths , Vandals , and other
Northern Nations, who came down upon it, c
T rade began to be quite negleCted in the W ellern
Parts of Europe ; and foon after, the Arabs , erro-
r.eoufly called Saracens , having, in a furprifingly
ftiort Space of Time, over-ran a great Part of the
Eaftern Empire, and torn from it Egypt , (that
grand Canal of Trade with India ) Commerce in
Europe began at once to languifh, and, by De¬
grees, to become in a Manner extinCt.
Commerce of These Arabs , who at firft defpifed Riches
the Arabs, as much as Learning, in Time, became enamour- d
ed with both. They not only opened the Ports
of the Levant and Egypt , (with the Canals,
which, for many Ages before, had been flopped
up) but, what was of vaflly more Confequence
to them, carried on a Trade from Arabia and
Perfa (of which they were Mailers) to India ,
and even China itfelf, chiefly from the Port of
Sirdf to the Weft of Gomnin, And it may be
prefumed, that this Trade continued to flourifh
during the Courfe of their Empire : In which In- e
terval, they extended not only their Commerce,
but Conquefts and Settlements Eaftward, along
the Coafts of both the Peninfulas of India , as
well as many of the chief Indian Iflands; and
Southward, along the Eaftern Coafts of Africa
beyond Sofala , in above twenty Degrees of South
Latitude, although their Ships were of a very
{lender Fabrick; (being made only of Planks,
fattened together with Ropes of Cayro, or Coco
Husks, and fcarce any Iron at all in them) and, f
confequently, not able to endure Storms, or fit
for failing on the main Ocean.
JrA 'he Whatever EfFeCt the Divifion of the Ara-
Judians. binn Empire, like the Roman , into Eaftern and
Weftern, under two Khalifa bs, (the one of
Egypt , the other of Baghdad , about three hun¬
dred Years after Mohammed) might have had on
Commerce, yet it did not wholly decline, but
continued to be carried on in the Eaftern Parr,
under the feveral Dynafties of Perfians , Turks ,
and Tartars , which fucceeded each other upon
the Extinction of the Khali fab of Baghdad ; an d
though it was not fo briskly carried on in the
Weftern Khalifat , which included Syria, Egypt,
and Part of Africa , by Reafon of the continual
W ars and Changes which affeCted that Part more
than the other, yet it did not wholly ceafe, being
kept up by Means of the Fleets that brought the
Pilgrims from all Parts t oMekka : Which was al¬
ways a grand Mart for Traffick, as Well as De¬
votion, among the Mohammedans. In fhort,
when the Portugueze firft entered the Indian Seas,
they not only found a furprifing Number of Ship¬
ping, as well as great Intercourfe of Trade, be¬
tween the Inhabitants all along the Eaftern Coaftr
of Africa , Arabia , Perfa, India , and the Iflands ;
but what Teemed more to be wondered at, (and
doubtlefs contributed much to that flourifhing
State of Trade) their Pilots had the Ufe both of
the Compafs and Charts.
From hence, many Authors have concluded, The Compafs
that the Arabs were the Inventors of thofe ufefulwof inruentcli
Inftruments: But thofe who have looked clofer Arabs>
into the Matter, make no Difficulty to aflert,
that they received the Knowledge of them from
the Europeans , before the Portugueze found out the
Way to India by Sea. And this Opinion is ground¬
ed on pretty cogent Reafons, drawn from the
Silence of the Oriental Writers, with Regard to
any fuch Difcovery, or the directive Property of
the Magnet ; from the Afatics never failing by the
Latitude, the Unfitnefs of their Ships for failing
on the Ocean, and the like b. The Arabs were
no great Improvers, adding very little to what
they found in the Writings of the Greeks , whofe
Learning they cultivated : Nor had they any great
Occafion to carry on their Commerce by Sea ;
fince the Commodities of the neighbouring Coun¬
tries Eaftward, were brought into their Domi¬
nions by Land, as well as by their Ports. They
bordered Eaftward upon India , whofe Merchan¬
dizes found an eafy Entrance through Kabul , and
other frontier Cities; and to the North, they
were poflefled of Great Bokhdria, between which
and Katay , (including Part of Tartary , and the
Northern Provinces of China ) there was an In¬
tercourfe by Karawans, which was much im¬
proved in the Time of finghiz Khan , and his
Sueceflors, who brought all thofe Countries under
their Subjection.
a RUn . Hif. Nat. lib, 2. cap. 67,
b See Renaudot avcienr.es Rufat, dcs InJ. p. 290.
B 2
As
4
Or by the
Chinefc.
Attempts to
revive Com¬
merce in
Europe.
Interrupted
by the Nor¬
man Inva-
Jicns,
-.Aid by the
Croifades.
Carried on Oj
c*> e ti'enoefe
Rise and P r
As fo the Claim, which the Chinefe lay to the a
Knowledge of the Compafs, ever fince the Time
of their Emperor Wbatjg-ti a, above 3000 Years
before Chrift, it mull be looked on as chimerical;
fince it is fcarce poflible, that they fhould ever
have loft fo ufeful a Secret, had it once been
known to them. It may be concluded therefore,
that the ftrft Knowledge they ever had of the
Compafs, was received from the Europeans , tho’
they might have found fuch Inftrument in Ufe
with them, on their firft Arrival in China. b
After the Fall of the Weftern Roman Em¬
pire, the Countries of Europe , to the Weft of
Greece, were fo diftra&ed, for feveral Ages, with
the Wars and Invafions of the Vandals , Goths ,
and other Northern Nations, that they had no
Time to think of foreign Commerce, had the
Way to India, thro’ Egypt , been open to them,
as it was formerly. However, the maritime Na¬
tions ftill carried on a Trade among themfelves,
under many Interruptions. The Englifh, at fun- c
dry Times, had very large Fleets, as well for
War as Commerce ; and traded into the Medi¬
terranean, as w'ell as the Baltick, where the Hans
Towns engroffed almoft all the Trade of the
North.
C HA RLE MAGNE intended to have re¬
stored Commerce in the Mediterranean , but the
Troubles that enfued after his Death, threw all
Things into Confufion again. In this Declen-
fion of the State, the Northern Nations, under d
the Name of Normans , renewed their Invafions,
and in large Fleets attacked the more Southern
Countries, particularly France. After ravaging
its Coafts, and fettling in Normandy , they fell
with no lefs Fury on the Coafts of Spain, which
they plundered; and entering the Streights of
Gibraltar , conquered a confiderable Part of the
Kingdom of Naples , with the whole Ifiand of
Sicily, committing infinite Murders and Depre¬
dations, both by Sea and Land. e
T h e next great Interruption to Commerce
was, the Croifades, formed by the popifh Powers,
againft the Mobamtncdans abroad, and then againft
the Heretics at home. Thefe execrable Wars,
Ounftificd with the Name of Holy, kept all the
Southern Parts of Europe , and the Weftern Kha¬
lifat, in a Ferment, for above a hundred Years
together. The Confufion was increafed in Afia,
by the terrible Irruption which followed of the
Moguls and Tartars, under Jingbiz Khan, and by f
the Wars which fprung up among the Succeffors
of Salah addin (or S ala din ) in Egypt , Syria, and
the neighbouring Countries Eaftward.
, The Gcnoeje and Venetians were the only
.People of Europe , who, during this long Interval
OGRESS Of
of Diftra&ion, thought of foreign Trade, or at
leaft, attempted to carry it on. The firft taking
Advantage of the weak Condition of the latter
Greek Empire, in the Time of the Croifade, in
the thirteenth Century ravaged the Archipelago,
feized fome of the Hands, penetrated into the
Black Sea, and took from the Greeks feveral Cities
on its Coafts ; the chief of which was Theodofia ,
(in the Taurica Kherfonefus , or Krim) which they
rebuilt, and called Kajfa, from whence they car¬
ried on a Trade with Mingrelia, Treb'vzond, and
other Parts of that Sea. They were in Pofleflxon
of Pera, one of the Suburbs of Conjlantinople it-
felf.
Their Rivals, the Venetians, made likewife rind Vene*
feveral Conquefts from the Greeks , and long con-
tended with the Genoefe for the Sovereignty of th evai.
inner Seas, which they obtained at laft. They
had their Confuls at Kajfa , whofe Trade, as it
does at prefen t, confifted in Salt, Honey, Wax,
Fifh and Caveare ; but fixed their principal Mart
at Tana, or Dona , a City then at the Mouth of
the River Don , or Tanais, where it falls into the
Palus Mceotis, but now ruined. Hither were
brought all the Spices, and other valuable Com¬
modities of the Indies, which were conveyed by
Way of the Indus, the Oxus (or Amu) and the
Cafpian Sea, to Aflrakhan, then called Citrakhan b.
When the Goods, which came by the Caf- Courfe op
pian Sea, arrived at Aflrakhan, Part were fent by
the IVolga , and other Rivers, to fupply the two Ku ’ ’
great Marts for Trade, which then fubfifted in
Rujfia: One was the antient City of Ladoga , from
whence they were conveyed by the Lake of that
Name, and Gulf of Finland, to Wisbuy, in Goth¬
land, formerly famous on Account of its great
Commerce; the other great Staple of Trade, was
near the City Tfordyn on the Kama, which, from
the Country where it was fituate, bore the Name
of Great Permia. From thence, the Indian Com¬
modities being carried by the River Pitziora to
the Ocean, were there fhipped and fent along
the Shore of Norway, and, perhaps, more South¬
ward c. Thus were the Northern Parts of Eu¬
rope fupplied with Indian Commodities; and this
was the chief Support of the Commerce which
flourifhed there fo long.
The remaining Part of the Goods that came And the
to Aflrakhan, were tranfported by Karawans to Black-Sea.
Tana, before-mentioned, where, being put on
board the Venetian and Genoefe Ships, they were
carried to Italy, and fo diiperfed through the
Southern Provinces of Europe d. The Venetians
fent yearly to Tana , ftxteen Ships, on Account
of this Trade, which continued fo long as the
Succeffors of Jingbiz Khan , in Kapcbak or Kipjak
2 See Du llalde Defer. Empire of China , vol. 1. p. 139. Engl. Fol. Edit. b Vid. Tract, de Tartaris
frecopens. Sec. apt id Rcfpub. de Rujjia & Tartar, p. 238. c Strahlenberg Hiforico-Gecgr, defer, of the North -
Eai'tem Parts of Afia, Introd. p. 109, no. d Traci, de Tart . ubi fupr. p.239.
2
(one
5
Navigation and Commerce.
(one of the four great Parts into which the Em¬
pire of that Conqueror became divided after his
Death) remained in Power: But Timur or Ta¬
merlan a, having in one of his Expeditions againft:
Toktdmijh Khan , destroyed Ajlrakhdn , that Canal
of Trade was cut off ; and the Venetians thence¬
forward, repaired with their Ships firft to the Ports
of Syria , particularly Barut , or Beyrut, and then to
Alexandria in Egypt , to take in the Indian Com¬
modities, till the Portuguese flopped up thefe alfo,
by their Fleets ftationed in the Indies for that
purpofe.
Indian The better .to explain what goes before rela-
^Canah “of t0 Courfe of Trade, it may be proper
hade, J farther to obferve, that before the Way to India ,
by the Cape of Good Hope , was difcovered, the
great Market in the Eaft for Spices, Drugs, and
all the rich Commodities of the neighbouring
Countries and Iflands, was the City of Malakka ;
from whence they were fetched by the Inhabi¬
tants of all the Weftern Countries, as far as the
Red-Sea: In which Divifion, the moft celebrated
Ports for Trade were, Kalekut , Kambaya , Ormuz ,
By (be Caf- and Aden b. From Kambaya , the Northern Parts
pian Sea, 0f India, Bokharia , and Kapchak , were fupplied
by the Indus , Amu , and Cafpian Sea. As thro’
this Channel the Goods came to Ajlrakhdn , as
above-mentioned, fo from Ormuz, Part was land¬
ed in Perfia , to furnilh that Country, and Part
By the Per- fent up the Perfian Gulf to Bafrah, near the
tian Gulf, fy[outk of the Euphrates ; and from thence diftri- <
buted by Karawans through Armenia , Trebizond,
Aleppo , and Damafcus , whofe Port then was
Beyrut. Such Commodities as were carried up the
By the Red- Red-Sea, were landed at Joddah , the Port of
Mekka ; or eUe at Tor , or Suer , Towns at the
Bottom of that Gulf, and thence conveyed by
Karawans to Kairo. From Kairo they were fent in
Barks down the Nile to Alexandria ; from whence,
not only Europe was furnifhed by the Venetians
and Gencefe , but all the Countries to the W eft of i
Egypt , along the Coaft of Barbary , were fupplied
by the Karawans, as Barka , Tunis , Tremefen , Fez,
Alarocco, and Sus. Some of the Goods were car¬
ried even beyond the Atlas, to the City of Tom-
buto, in Negro land, and the Country of the Jolofs.
Th is Canal of Trade, which had been interrupt¬
ed for a long Time, by the DiftraCfions which
reigned in the Weftern Khalifat, was reftored by
the Mamluk Soltans of Egypt , about the Year
1 300 c.
Baft Power Thus almcft all the Trade of the Eaft was
attained by engrafted, for feveral Ages, by the Republick of
Venice , which grew thereby immenfely rich, and
was, in E fleet, the Alexandria of the middle Age,
as Amjlerdam is of the prefent. She continued in
a Pofteffion of this Trade, till fuch Time as the
Portuguefe found out the Way to India by the
Cape of Good Hope. This important Difcovery
proved fatal to her. Wealth and Power; which,
as a late French Author obferves, was fo great,
u That Venice defended herfelf alone, and by her
“ own proper Force, againft theEmpiie, the Pope,
“ the Kings of France and Arragon , and alnioft
“ all the Princes of Italy, who had fworn her
“ Ruin d”, on Account of her Pride, and that
3 Contempt which fhe Ihewed towards all her
Neighbours in thofe Days of her Profperity.
Such are the vaft Advantages ariling from the
Improvement of Commerce!
The Gcncefe maintained their Footing in the And left with
Places they had taken from the Greeks'’, till the Trade.
Turks having fubdued the Empire of Conjlanti -
nople (which had long been dwindling, and re¬
tained but the Shadow of its antient Grandeur)'
by Degrees, difpofteffed them. At length Kaf'a
: was taken from them by Mohammed II. which
put an End to their Trade and Pofteflions in thofe
Seas. The Tables now were intirely turned, and
the Genoefe and Venetians, who had fo long en¬
grafted, and fiercely contended for the Trade of
the Eaft, now tamely gave it up to the more re¬
mote Maritime Nations ; and had no farther
Share in the fucceeding commercial Voyages than
as Pilots, or Difcoverers for others.
Nor were thefe two the only Nations who Other
fufFered by this Difcovery, which caufed a Revo - tiovs f.ffcr by
lution in Commerce throughout the Eaft; ruined
the Trade of thefe celebrated Indian Ports before-
mentioned ; and diverted all the Riches of Afiay
into a new Channel : Infomuch that, not long
after the Portuguese had entered the Indies , a Con¬
federacy was formed to drive them out again by
feveral of the prime Maritime Powers, aflifted by
the Soltan of Egypt , who fufhined a Lofs thereby r
equal at leaft, to any of the reft.
The Trade of Europe was in the Situation juftr* c Tr.verr-
now mentioned, when the directive Property of trm °ff™
the Magnet came to be found out, the Attractive LmNJSt
having been well known to the Antients ; yet fo
negligent often are the Hiftorians of recording
ufeful Inventions, that neither the Author, nor
Time of the Difcovery, is afeertained by Writers,
who differ much about them. Some will have
the Difcovery to be derived from the antient
Greeks , others from the Arabs ; many infift, that
Marco Polo, or Paulas Venetus, brought it into
Italy from China , or feme other Country, where
he had been on his Travels in the Eaft, about the
Year 1260; fome again fay, that our famous
Friar, Roger Bacon, firft found out the Verticity,
or Polar Attraction of the Loadftone. But the
■* Thefe are the fame with the Zawolgenfan Tartars, mentioned in our Hiflories. b See de Faria y Sou/a,
Portuguese Afir, vol. 1 . p. 82. c See Gaham' s Difcoveries, ap. Purchas PUgr. vol. 2. p. 1 673. d Dejlandes' s
May on Maritime Power, p. 1 c6.
y generality
6
Rise and Progress of
Uj,
generality of Writers aferibe this important Dif-
covery to an Inhabitant of Amalfi, in the King¬
dom of Naples , not far from Salernum , in Terra
di Lavoro, about the Year 1300 ; although they
are not agreed as to his Name, whether it was
Flavio , or Giovanne Giola ; nay, fome call him
Gira. In fhort, fo very little relating to the Man,
or the Original of this Affair has been preferved,
that we do not find the leaft Mention of what
his Profeffion was, or by what Accident he came
to t he Knowledge of this wonderful Secret.
jvbcn fu-Jl Be this as it will, ’tis manifeft, that however
brought m wonderful the Secret may in itfelf be, or advan¬
tageous to the World, it proved of no great Be¬
nefit to the Inventor, fince he is only mentioned
as the bare Difcoverer of the directive Property
of the Magnet, without applying it to the Ufe of
Navigation. Nor does it appear from Writers,
that it was quickly fo applied : On the contrary
vve do not find, that any confiderable Ufe
was made of this Discovery, or that the Mari¬
ner’s Compafs was contrived forSeaUfes for above
a hundred Years after. Whether this was owing
to the Secret not being known to many for a
long Time, or to the Want of Apprehenfion in
t-hofe who knew it, how to apply it to its proper
Ufe ; or whether to the Fear of venturing out too
far from Shore, which, till then, they durft never
leave Sight of, is hard to determine. However,
•that the Compafs was found out, and in Ufe fome
Time before the Year 1415, when the Portugueze
began to make Difcoveries by Sea, is demonftra-
ble from hence, that they do not attribute the In¬
vention of it to themfelves, or fpeak of it as a
Novelty. The Contrivance of the Compafs was a
Thing, without which, the Difcovery of the Mag¬
net’s dire&ive Property, would be of little Benefit
to Mankind ; and yet we find no Traces in Hi-
ftory, either how that Contrivance wras firft re¬
ceived by the Maritime Nations of Europe , the
Time when it came in Ufe at Sea, or what Be¬
nefit they found by it. It could be of no great
-Service to them in the Mediterranean , the Bal~
tick , the narrow Seas, .or their coafting Voyages,
(in all which yet they employed it) except, by
Accident, they might at anyTime be driven out far
from Land ; and therefore might have been a long
'Lime invented, and yet regarded as little more
than a Curiofity, or an Inftrument that might be
of Advantage, if ever long Voyages or Difcove-
ries (which then were little thought of) fhould be
attempted. The firft Europeans who undertook
Things of this Nature, were the Portugueze : But
Columbus was the firft we find on Record, who
durft venture intirely to quit the Land, and launch
into the Middle of theOcean, under the Guidance
indies pf the magnetick Needle.
dif covend ty In the fifteenth Century, the Diftraftions,
which had for many Ages reigned in the Weftern
5
a Parts of Europe , ceafing, - and the Moorijh King¬
doms having been fubdued in Spain , the feveral
Princes had Leifure to think of (Lengthening their
Dominions, and improving Commerce. But the
firft who formed the grand Defign of reftoring
the Trade with Afia , by finding out a Paffage to
the Eajl Indies by Sea, round Africa , was Prince
Henry , fifth Son of King John I. of Portugal ;
who, ill brooking, that the Venetians fhould en-
grofs the whole Trade of the Eajl Indies to them-
b felves, and defirousto transfer the Wealth of thofe
rich Countries to his own, by a more eafy and
profitable Channel, fet on foot that glorious Pro¬
ject, which vras finally accomplifhed by King
Emanuel , in 1497.
Although the Portugueze, from their firft America
fetting out, made fucceflive Difcoveries along the/0'"** 0:11 h
Coafts of Africa , yet fuch was the Indolence, Sca'
Timoroufnefs, or Doubt of the other Maritime
Nations, that none of them once offered to fol-
c low their Example, nor could be ftirred up by
the Arguments of judicious and enterprizingMen,
to attempt Difcoveries, by any other Part of the
Ocean. At length, Columbus' s Propofals, for find¬
ing out a Way to the Eaft by the Weft, having
been rejefted by the Genoefe hisCountrymen, by the
Englif) , and even by the Portugueze themfelves,
after eight Years tedious Solicitation at the Court
of Spain , were accepted, more by Favour of fome
Courtiers there, than any Difpofition in the King
d to hearken to them. But no fooner had Columbus
demonftrated, by the quick Difcovery of the IVeJl
Indies in 1592, that the Ocean might contain
many Continents and Iflands, unknown to the
Europeans , than all were of a fudden feized with
a violent Defire of making Difcoveries; and feem-
ed ready to abandon their native Countries in
Queft of new Worlds. Our Henry VII. who
had fo lately but coldly received the Petition of
that Father of Navigation, now readily liftened
e to the Propofal of John Cabota , for attempting a
Way to the Eajl Indies by the North- Weft ; and
the Portugueze , alhamed to have been lingering
near fourfeore Years, without getting beyond the
Weftern Coaft of Africa , ventured to pafs the
Cape of Good Hope , which had been difeovered
eleven Years before, and was by moft deemed the
Ne plus ultra of their Navigation.
The Spaniards feemed to have had no q-y Qj0y
Thoughts of interfering with the Portugueze in imompaffca
f their Eajl India Trade, (efpecially, fince by a b SeJ'
late Agreement, theEaftern Hemifphere had been
affigned them as their Property) when it came
into the Head of Magallanes , a di (obliged Portu¬
gueze, to propofe to the Emperor Charles V. the
finding out a Way to the Eajl Indies by the
South-Weft, which he effected in 1519, by paf-
fing the Streights that bear his Name ; and tho’
he was (lain in the Voyage, yet his Ship, for thp
firft
Navigation and Commerce.
•firft Time, encompafTed the World, and proved
the Earth, by Experience, to be globular.
D! ferneries T H E Difcovery of this fecond Paflage by the
Spaniards* fpurred on the Englijh to find out a
Nertb-Eaf. third, which they had already endeavoured to cut
out for themfelves by the North- Weft ; and the
rather, becaufe fuch a Paflage would have Ihort-
ened the Voyage by more than one half. For this
End, King Henry VIII. was folicited in 1527,
by Mr. Horne , a Merchant of London , to renew
that Defign : But being difeouraged by the little
Succefs of John Cabota , nothing was undertaken
till the Year 1551, when a Society was formed
by feveral Perfons of Note, called. The Company
for the Difcovery of unknown Countries ; the chief
Director whereof was Scbafian Cabota , Son of
John. In Profecution of which Defign, they
found out Rujfia , and took Pofteftion of great
Part of the Sea Coaft of North America,
urjl Voyages Th e Englij 1) were fo intent on thofe Under-
y-^Englifli takings, that they could think of nothing elfe for
iEaftIndi3, forty Years together. However, after many un-
fuccefsful, as well as dangerous Trials, both by
the North-Eaft, and North-Weft, no Hopes ap¬
pearing of finding a Paflage to the Eaji Indies
either of thofe Ways, they determined to make
Ufe of that already found out by the Cape of Good
Hope. The firft Time that any Ships were fent
to perform the Voyage, was in 1591; although
the Englijh had been acquainted before with the
Eaji Indies , by the Circum-navigations of Drake ,
in 1577, anc* Candijh , in 1586, as well as by
the Voyages of particular Perfons made in the
Ships of other Nations. But in 1600, an EaJl
India Company of Merchant Adventurers was
eftablilhed at London ; and from thence-forward
may be dated the Commencement of their Com¬
merce with that Part of the World, which is fo
confiderable at this Time.
^ir/t Voyages Th e Dutch , who had imitated the Englijh ,
’■'!Z Dutchin attempting the Difcoveries of the North-Eaft,
and North- Weft Paftages, followed them alfo by
the Way of the Cape of Good Hope , to EaJl India.
Their firft Eflay was in 1594, and, in a few
Years, they grew very formidable in the Eaftern
Seas. By Degrees, they made feveral large Ac¬
quisitions, and founded their Dominion chiefly on
the Ruin of the Portugueze , from whom they
took moft of their beft Settlements : Infomuch,
that at prefent it may be Said, that they are by
far the moft powerful of all the European Nations
in India ; and that their Pofleflions in the Eaft,
are even more considerable than thofe in the
Weft.
Treat Ir.- T h e Reader, from what has already been ob-
'itmmcrce. 'Terved} may eafily perceive the great Improve¬
ment which Navigation and Commerce acquired
by the Invention of the Compafs. For although
Commerce was before carried on between diftant
a Nations, yet it was carried on to great Diladvan-
tage j be-caufe, firft, the Mariners not daring to
venture out to Sea, for Want of fuch a Guide as
the Magnet, they were obliged to coaft along the
Shore in Sight of Land, which often made the
Voyage tour or five times longer than otherwise
it would have been, had they taken the neareft
W ay from one Place or Country to another : For
the fame Reafon, being unwilling to undertake
very long Voyages, on Account of the Danger
b of being driven out to Sea by Storms, and fo of
perifhing, a great Part of the World now known,
lay in thofe Days undifeovered. Europeans , for
Want of knowing the Bounds of Africa , and be¬
ing able to fail round it, were obliged to have the
Indian Commodities landed at fome Port in the
Eaftern Seas, and thence carried over Land to
fome Port of the Mediterranean ; which made the
Price of them ten times greater, while that Trade
was in the Hands of the Venetians , than it is at
c prefent.
While Trade was thus carried on by coaft- Navigation
ing Voyages, neither Ship building, nor the
of Navigation, received any great Improvement/ ^
Ships, which were continually to keep nearShore,
and put into Port on the leaft Appearance of a
Storm, were under no Necelfity of being very
ftrongly built j nor did it require any extraordi¬
nary Art to direct them : But when it was re-
folved to traverfe the main Ocean many hundred
d Leagues from Land, and brave Tempefts, with¬
out any Port at hand to fly to for Shelter, it then
became abfolutely neceflary, not only to build
Ships of a Strength able to endure the furious
Shocks of Winds, with the tolling of the Sea, and
refill the Force of Currents ; but alfo to contrive
other Methods, in Conjunction with the Com¬
pafs, to render the Courfe of Veflels certain, and
Navigation more fecure.
Mariners were foon made fenfible, that &»'//»£ by
e though the Compafs was of admirable Ufe to di-
red their Courfe on any particular Rhumb, yet it "^reduced.
was not always fufficient to bring them to the
defired Port, by Reafon, the Winds and Currents
were apt to drive the Ship out of the Line it was
to fteer upon. To remedy this, they found it
expedient to afiift the Magnetic Needle, by tak¬
ing the Altitude of the Sun or Stars at Sea, there¬
by to know what Latitude the Ship v/as in at any
Time. As before they made Ufe of Portolans or
f Draughts of the Coafts with Directions, (like the
prefent Wagoners or coafting Pilots) to help them
in pafling from Port to Port, fo the failing by Al¬
titudes and the Compafs together, naturally brought
In the Ufe of Charts.
There was but one Thing more wanting, to Situatitr. ef
make the Art of Navigation perfeCt, and that ,hc C°JP
was, a Method for Manners to know at any 1 ime J
how much Way the Ship had made to the Eaft
or
8
Rise and Progress, &c.
or Weft of the Place file fet out from ; as by ob-
ferving the Altitudes, they knew how much fhe
had declined to the North or South. This de¬
ft rable Problem, which is called the Longitude,
prefently fet the Mathematicians of all the Mari¬
time Nations of Europe at Work, who, in a lit¬
tle Time, invented feveral nice and exadt Methods
for finding it; and though none of them have
been hitherto fo fuccefsfully applied at Sea, as fully
to anfwer the End propofed, yet the great Ad¬
vances made that Way, give Hopes, that in Time,
it will become practicable. Mean while, to re¬
medy that Defeat as much as poffible, the Situa¬
tion of all the known Coafts of the Earth, has
been fo accurattly fixed by the Obfervations of
able Aftronomers, both as to Longitude and La¬
titude, that if Mariners do but keep a tolerably
juft Reckoning, they can fcarce ever be at a Lofs
to know their Diftance from Land, in any Part
of the Ocean. «
M awing to The Europeans , having been deprived of the
'If tbe cdm ^ n e ft ts they enjoyed of the Eaji India Trade,
jJdjd °m during the Continuance of the Roman Empire
(by Egypt , and other of its Provinces, falling into
the Hands of the Arabs and their Succeffors) it is
undeniably evident, that they could never have
recovered it again, had it not been for the Inven¬
tion of the Compafs. With the Lofs of their
Trade, they loft the Knowledge of thofe Eaftern
Regions ; but, by Means of the Compafs, they
retrieved both, with infinite Advantage.
Little of the T H E Greeks and Romans knew little beyond
^ the R*ver Ganges Eaftward, the Fortunate or Ca~
tu-nts. nary Blands Weftward ; fixty three Degrees of
Latitude Northward; and fixteen Degrees fifteen
Minutes below the Line Southward: So that all
the North Part of Europe and Afia , with the
Ardlic Lands; the Eaftern Parts of Fartary , China ,
[and the Peninfula of India beyond the Ganges j
and the Southern Part of Africa , were unknown
to them ; beiid.es America , and the Oceans fur¬
rounding the feveral Continents, with the Iflands
belonging to them \
Lf: to Eu- Within this Compafs however, (fmall as it
rojieans in Was, jnComparifon of what is known at prefent)
Bieir Knowledge of the Earth, far exceeded that
of Europeans , before the Difcoveries made in the
fifteenth Century by Columbus , and de Gama , un¬
der the Direction of the Compafs : F or in the
a thirteenth Century, they feem to have been per-
fuaded, that there was no travelling beyond the
Mountains of Nubia ; and that the Head of the
Nile, known in the Time of Cofma the Monk,
730 Years before, was inveftigable b. Nay, in the
very Age wherein both the Eaft and Weft were
laid open, their Travellers tell us, that the Source
of that River was fought for in the Indies ; and
that beyond, there were no Inhabitants c.
Whether, without the Knowledge of the That the
b Compafs, we fhould have always continued in Ig- knowfot
norance of the Coafts of Afia , which were known r‘ffH
to the Romans ; or thofe of Africa, to which th zy pafi,
were Strangers, I will not take upon me to deter¬
mine: But this, one may fafely venture to afferr,
that but for the Difcovery of the Magnetic
Needle, America had never been difeovered to us,
at leaft, we fhould never have been able to have
kept up a Correfpondence with that Part of
the World by Sea, had Chance ever happened
c to make it known to us, as in the Opinion
of many, (tho’ without any good Grounds) to
the Antients it once did ; (and whatever Parts
of the Earth may be ft ill unknown, they rauft
owe their Difcovery (whenfoever that fhall fall
out) chiefly to the Afliftance of the Mariner’s
Compafs.
Having given this general Account of Navi- Order of
gation and Commerce, and (hewn in what Man- ranK:ni
ner the Maritime Nations of Europe , of late Ages, Vodaiet%
d revived and extended them, we fhall proceed, in
the firft Part of this Colle&ion, to a more parti¬
cular Detail of Matters, by inferting the moft re¬
markable Voyages, made by each Nation, to the
different Parts of the World above-mentioned, in
the following Order : Firft, thofe to the Eaji
Indies by the South-Eaft and Cape of Good Hope ,
till the Europeans fettled there. Secondly, thofe
to the IVeJl Indies, and other Parts of the Eaftern
Coafts of America , to the fame Period. Thirdly,
e thofe by the South- Weft to the Eaji Indies, or
round the Globe, containing the firft Circum¬
navigations. Fourthly, thofe to the feveral Parts
of the known World promifcuoufly, fince the
Time of the firft Difcoveries and Settlements,
chiefly on Account of Commerce. Fifthly, thofe
to the North-Eaft, for difeovering a Paffage that
Way to the Eafl Indies. Sixthly, thofe to the
North-Weft, on the fame Defign.
a See Gecgr. reformed, p. 261. b Vid. Brocard. Defer, Terr. Sanfi. cap, penult, apud Geogr. reformed, p. 218.
c Vid. Bredenjbach Peregrin, p. 135. ap. cur.d.
A New General Collection of
VOYAGES.
PART I.
Voyages to the South-East and East Indies,
till the Europeans fettled there.
BOOK I.
/
The Firfl Voyages of the Portugueze to the Eaft Indies,
The INTRODUCTION.
Late Voyages
and Dijccme-
t ries nonder-
ful.
OF all the great Events that have hap¬
pened in the World of late Ages, thofe
which concern the Voyages and Dif-
coveries, made by Europeans in the
fifteenth and fixteenth Centuries, do
juftly challenge the Preference ; whether we con-
fider the vaft Improvement they made in their
Commerce and Navigation ; the Wealth they
brought into Europe ; the furprifing Actions they
performed in thefe Expeditions ; the mighty Pof-
feflions they acquired in very remote Regions; or
the Knowledge they attained of the greater Part
of the Earth, till then quite unknown to them. By
thefe Difcovtries, anewCreation, a new Heaven
and a new Earth, feemed to be opened to the
View of Mankind; who may be laid to have
been furnilhed with Wings to fly from one End
of the Earth to the other, and -bring the moll
VOL. I.
a diftant Nations acquainted. ’Tis obfervable, in
the common Courfe of Things, that the fame
Events frequently recur; but the Tranfadtions of
thofe Times were as Angular in their Nature, as
they were great and furprifing : Nor can the like
ever happen again, unlefs there were more new
Worlds to be difeovered, and other Indies to
conquer.
In the Merit and Glory of thefe Atchleve- Chief Ghiy
ments, the Portugueze , without all Controverfy,^"6'/0 th\
b are intitled to the firft and principal Share ; For 0Itll&Ucr-'
although America was found out by the Spaniards ,
fome Years before the Portugueze got to the Eaft
Indies by Sea ; although the Difcovery of America
was performed infinitely quicker than that of the
Eaft Indies, and the Exploit of Columbus much more
extraordinary than that of de Gama , as having
accomplifhed hisDefign in the very firft Attempt,
C and
10
Voyages to the East Indies
and that without any previous Knowledge of
the Countries he went to find out •, yet it mu ft
be confefied, that they firft fet on Foot the Navi¬
gation of the Ocean, and put it into the Heads
of other Nations, to go on the Difcovery of di-
ftant Regions.
Backward- Other Nations were fo far from being even
nefi of other as early as the Portuguese in Attempts of this Kind,
Nations. thefe latter had been carrying on their Enter-
prizes, near fourfcore Years, before any of their
Neighbours feem to have thought of foreign Dif¬
coveries; the Endeavours towards which, they
confidered as downright Knight Errantry, and
the Effedt of a diftempered Imagination, as well
in the firft Promoter, as thofe who profecuted his
Scheme. Put the feveral Events {hewed, that the
Defigns were the Refults of folid Reafoning, and
formed on the moft rational Grounds.
In a Word, the Account of thefe Difcoveries
makes one of the moft curious Parts of Modern
Hijlory , as comprizing a Multitude of the moft
remarkable Tranfadlions that ever happened in any
Period of Time. For this Reafon, we have been
the more particular in reciting them, well know¬
ing, that the Curious will be defirous to be ac¬
quainted with every Step that was made in fuch
grand Proceedings, and by what Degrees fuch vaft
Undertakings came to be accomplifhed : Befides,
as this Intercourfe of Europeans wrought a very
great Change in the feveral Countries and their
Inhabitants wherever they came, and both appear
in a different Light to what they did before, there¬
fore every Circumftance, relating to fuch Trans¬
actions, feems to deferve Notice, and even claim
our Regard.
Portugueze I n the Year of the Hejrah 93, and of Chrift
Affairs pre- y j Spain was Subjected to Walid ibn Abdolmalek ,
r DA clerics h (the fixth Ommiyan Kbalifah of Baghdad) by
Tank and Mufa ; who were brought in by Count
' 'Julian , Governor of the Coafts of Andalufia , to
revenge himfelf on Roderic, laft of the Gothijh
Kings, for deflowering his Daughter Cava. The
Arabs , in a very fhort Space, erected feveral little
Monarchies, whofe Kings quarrelling among them-
felves, gave Don Pelayo (or Peladius) Prince of
Ajlurias , an Opportunity, in 718, of making
Head againft them. His Succeflors continued the
War for above 300 Years with goodSuccefs; and
in 1085, Alfonfo VI. of CaJlilean&Leon, took Toledo
from them. To requite Henry of Lorain , (by
a fome called Earl of Limbourg ) who had been
very Serviceable to him in his Wars, he gave him
his elder Daughter Terefa , with the Country of
Portugal in Dowry, and whatever elfe he Should
take from the Moors, or old Inhabitants of Mau-
ritania , who had, a little before this, conquered
both the Weft Part of Africa and Spain from the
Arabs. Don Alphonfo , Son of Henry , was the firft
King of Portugal , newly eredted into a Monarchy,
on the Slaughter of the Moors in thofe Parts; who,
b in the Time of John I. were quite driven out.
This Prince, purfuing that hereditary Quarrel,
paffed the Sea in 1415, and took Ceuta aforefaid.
fje and his Pofterity made Africa the Seat of
W ar, till they were diverted by their Enterprizes
by Sea ; which, of the two, proved more benefi¬
cial, and lefs hazardous.
This3 Conqueft of Ceuta, or Seat, is men¬
tioned by Walfinghatn, who lived in thofe Times,
and tells us, That the King of Portugal, relying on
c the Almans [or Germans] but mojl of all , on the
Merchants 96 England, overcame the Agarens [or
Arabs] in the Land of the King of the Betinarins b,
[Bani Marins] many Tlsoufands of them (fays our
Author, according to the charitable Cuftom of
his Church) being fent to Hell-, and took their City
called Sunt, feated on the Sea , being very large , and
fur rounded with a Wall , twenty Miles, ’ tis fa id, in
Compafs. King John had fome Claim to this
Afliftance from the Englijh, as having married
d Philippa (Daughter of John of Gaunt, Duke of
Lancajler, and Sifter to Henry IV. c) whofe third
Son Henry, was the firft who fet on Foot foreign
Difcoveries.
C H A P. I.
Voyages and Difcoveries of the Portugueze along the
Coajl of Africa, as far as Cape Verde: Collected
from de Faria y Soufa, Juan de Barros, Antonio
Galvam, and other Authors.
IN the Year 1415, Prince Henry accompanied 14 15
his Father in the taking of Ceuta, and had aL^WS
confiderable Share in the Honour of that Fff^
Vidlory d, wherein he fignalized both his Courage^y \Z\u
and Conduct ; which was the more to be admired,
in Regard, at that Time, he was but in the 21ft
Year of his Age. At his Return from Africa ,
he brought back with him fo ftrong an Inclina¬
tion to difeover new Lands and Oceans, that he
3 See Walfing.Hift. Angl. Ann. 1415. b Thefe Bani Marins, were a Tribe of Moors, or Africans, who,
under Yakub Abdallah, in 1299, outed the Moahedun, or a’Mohades, as the Spaniards call them. c Long
before this, in the Time of Henry II. the Englijh, in Conjunction with other Northern Pilgrims, defwned for the
Holy Land Expedition, failing from Dartmouth in about twenty-feven Ships, touched at Lijbon, where the King
of Portugal befought their Aid againft the Moors of Sylvia, or Sylois, proffering them the Spoils of that City
in Recompence. Having undertaken the Enterprize, on the third Day of the Siege, they broke into the Suburbs,
and forced Alkhad the Prince, to yield the City, in which there were above 60,000 Moors, whereof 47,000
were flain. d He was Governor of the Military Order of Chrift, which had been inftituted for maintaining
War againft the Moors . fpent
By the Pori
141^. fpen^ above forty Years in Attempts that Way : a
— iLaving out vaft Sums of Money in bringing expe¬
rienced Matters and Difcoverers from all Parts a ;
and in fending Ships abroad to make Difcoveries.
Being well read in Geography, (as well as other
Parts of Mathematics) and having confulted many,
who had travelled over a good Part of the then
known World, (chiefly the Moors of Fez and
Morocco') he got tome Information concerning the
Arabs , who border on the Defarts of Africa , and
of the Affenhaji, together with the Kingdom of b
Jalof near the Borders of Guinea. That he might
apply himfelf more wholly to thefe Affairs, he
chofe for his Refidence the Town of Ternacabal,
in the Kingdom of Algarve , fituate on Cape
Sagres ; whence, theProfpedl of the Ocean, ftirred
up his Hopes and Endeavours. Going to Bed one
Night, with his Thoughts fixed on thefe Defigns,
in the Morning he gave Orders for fitting out two
Ships ; which, with fome others that followed,
pafl'ed no farther than Cape Bojador, fixty Leagues c
beyond Cape Nam or Non , then the Bounds, or
Ne plus ultra of the Spanijb Navigation b. This
Cape was fo named, becaufe it ttretches itfelf out
fo jarWeftward (almoft forty Leagues) which,
in Spanijh, is called, Bojar , and thence the Cape,
Dlfcovery of Bojador. There is likewife a ftrong Current,
Cape Boja- which runs off it, for about fix Leagues, and
'<lor' breaking upon the Sands, makes a great Swell.
This terrified all the Adventurers, not confider-
ing, that by keeping out at Sea, they might turn d
the Point. The Prince, who knew how to over¬
come the Difficulty, in 1418, fent JuanGonzales
Zarco, and Trijlan Vaz Teixeira, Gentlemen of
his Houfehold, in a finall Ship, with Orders to
coaft along the Barbary Shore, till they had paf-
fed that formidable Cape ; and difeovered all the
Land, which, according to the Opinions of learn¬
ed Men, and the Information of the Arabs , ran
on as far as the Equator. Before they reached the
Coaft of Africa, they met with fuch violent e
Storms, that they expe&ed every Minute to be fwal-
lowed up by the Waves. They weredriven, with¬
out knowing where they were, to a little Ifland,
C f Puerto which they called Puerto Santo , ox Holy Haven,
Santo, for fuch it appeared to them after the Storm c.
They found the Inhabitants neither thoroughly
civilized, nor quite barbarous j but the Soil very
UGUEZE, II
fertile. The Prince, joyful at this News, and 1418.
the Hopes the Difcoverers gave him, fent themu— v—
again, and with them Bartholomew Pere/lrello ,
with three Ships, in which there was carried Seed
to fow, and Cattle to ftock the Place. They
put in two Rabbets, which increafed in two Years
to fuch a Degree, that the Corn and Plants being
deftroyed by them, Perejlrello , who had a Grant
thereof, with Orders to people it, found it im¬
practicable ; no fewer than 3000 having been
killed on one little Ifland.
P E RE ST RE LLO return’d home ; and Juan
Gonfales , and Trijlan Vaz , making another Voy¬
age in 1419, difeovered, afar off, fomething like
a Cloud. Directing their Courfe to it, they found
an Ifland covered with all manner of Trees,
whence they gave it the Name of Madera d, Of Madera,
which, in Spanifo , fignifies Wood. This Ifland
(which lies a little to the South of the former) for
Largenefs, pleafant Air, and Plenty of Provifions,
is the chief in the Weftern Ocean. Each Dif-
coverer entered a different Part, and had a Grant
of fuch from the Prince, with the Title of Cap¬
tain. Trijlan gave his Name to the Point where
he landed, and John Gonfales called his Portion,
Camara de Lobos , that is, the Den of Wolves , be¬
caufe of a Cave he found, which feemed to be
the Habitation of thofe Beafts. Here they found
the Chapel, Tomb and Stone, ereCted by Macham,
an Englijhman , who flying out of England to Spain ,
with a Woman whom he loved, was driven here
by Storm, about the Year 1344°. The whole
Ifland being covered with Wood, the Difcoverers
began to fettle their Plantation, by firing Part
of it ; but the Flame took fuch Poffeffion, that
it burnt feven Years continually, and was feen far
off in Smoke and Sparks, like Mount /Etna: So
that there was no lefs Scarcity afterwards, than
Superabundance before. The Prince caufed Su¬
gar Canes to be carried thither from Sicily, where¬
of the Increafe hath been fuch, that in fome
Years, the fifth Part (which the Prince referved
to his Military Order) hath amounted to above
60,000 Arobes (twenty-five Pounds each) growing
in one Place only, little more than nine Miles in
Compafs. Churches were foon after built, and
now there is a Cathedral. King Duarte (or Ed-
zuard) Brother to the Prince, gave him the Ifland,
a Among the reft. Mention is made of one James , a Perfon (killed in Navigation, and in making Charts, and
other Sea lnftruments, whom Prince Henry fent for from Majorca , to teach thofe Arts in a School, or Academy,
which he had created for the Purpofe. b See De Barros Ajia , Decad. 1. lib. 1. cap. 2. de Faria y Soufa ,
Afa Poring, tom. 1. cap. I. c Seethe fame Authors and Places. d De Barros, ibid. cap. 3. de Faria y
Soufa, ibid. c The Port where Macham put into, is, atprefent, called, Machico. His Millrefs being Sea-
ftek, he landed with fome of his Company. Mean Time, the Ship putting to Sea, left him there ; whereupon
(lie died for Grief. Macham, who was extremely fond of her, built the Chapel, or Hermitage, which he called
Jtfus Chapel, to bury her in ; and cut both their Names on the Tomb Stone, with the Caufe of their Arrival.
After this, making a Boat of the Trunk of one of the Trees, (which are very thick in this Ifland) he, with his
Companions, went into it; and, without Sail, or Oars, pafled over to the Coaft of Africa. The Moors of the
Country, looking upon this as a Miracle, presented him to their King, who fent him to the King of Cafile.
C 2 and
12
Voyages to the East Indies
1432.
and afterward, the Spiritualities thereof, to the a
Military Order of Ch rift.
He Attempts The Prince had fpent twelve Years, endea-
J j t
condemned. vour;ng the Difcovery of Guinea ; and was now
much encouraged, by the Succefs of finding thefe
two Iflands.. Mean Time, many condemned his
Undertakings, objecting, the Confumption of Mo¬
ney and Men, the infuperable Difficulties of Cur¬
rents, Storms, Whirlpools; that the Country he
looked for, was only Defarts, like thofe of Libya ;
and that, if any fhould chance to reach it, they b
would turn back, without venturing farther ; that
King John, his Father, had invited Strangers to
come and fettle in Portugal , fo far was he from
fending out People, of which the Country was in
Want : That God had appointed thofe Countries
for the Habitation of wild Beafts, which might
appear from their being expelled the new Ifland
by the Rabbets. Indeed, the little Fruit of the
Prince’s Enterprize, gave fome Handle for Cen-
fure, till he fent Gi/ianez in a Bark, who, about c
the Year 1432, palled that, till then, invincible
Ceipe Eoja- Cape, (called by him) Bcjador ; which Adtion
dor doubled, was, at that Time, in the common Opinion,
looked upon, not inferior to the Labours of Her¬
cules.
About this Time, Prince Henry obtained cf
Pope Martin V. a perpetual Donation a to the
Crown of Portugal , of whatever Difcoveries
fhould be made from this Cape to the Eajl Indies ,
inclufively ; with plenary Indulgence for the Souls d
of all fuch as fhould perifh in the Undertaking ;
Which Grant was confirmed by the fucceeding
Popes Eugenius , Nicholas , and Sextus , at the In-
ftance of King Alphonfo , and his Son Juan. This
Step was taken both as a Security againft the in¬
ter faring of other Nations, and an Incentive to
the common People to engage in the Service.
In 1434, Gilianes went again in his Bark,
with Alonfo Gonzales Baldaya , in a bigger Veffel,
and palled thirty Leagues beyond the Cape: Where e
landing, they faw a great Track of Men and
Cattle; and, without any farther Inquiry, return-
An?ra dg cd home, giving the Name of Angra de Ruyvosi ,
Ruyvos. or The Bay of Gurnets , to that Coaft, from the
Fifh they found there. Next Year, 1435, the
Defign was- continued, and they pafTed twelve
Leagues farther. Here they put afhore two Men
on Horfeback, who, going on till the Afternoon,
faw nineteen of the Natives armed with Javelins.
Thefe flying, were purfued, and fome of them f
wounded, fo was one of the P brtugueze ; the firft
Blood fpilt in thofe Parts. Baldaya , having No¬
tice hereof, landed, but to no Purpofe; for the
Moors were marched off: Only in the Cave,
where they had been, were found fome Things
of inconfiderable Value, but efteemed as an Omen 1435-.
of greater Advantages. They ran along the Coaft u— v— J
twelve Leagues farther, where, at the Mouth of
a River, they faw above 5000 Sea Wolves, many 5000 Sea
whereof they killed, and brought away their
Skins; which, being a Novelty, were then had
in great Efteem. Going farther into the Land,
they found fifhing Nets drying, but no People;
and their Provifions being fpent, they were ob¬
liged to return to their Prince, without making
any farther Progrefs b.
ANTONIO GONZALES was fent back in
1440, to the fame Place, in order to load his
Veffel with the Skins of Sea Wolves. One Night
he went up the Country eight Leagues with ten
Men ; and fpying a naked Man, with two Darts
in his Hand, driving a Camel, came up and took
him: For being frighted, he neither defended him-
felf, nor endeavoured to efcape. In their Way
back, they met a Company of forty Moors , and
one Woman, whom they alfo took, without Re-
fiftance, from the reft. Thefe two were the firft
feized on that Coaft. Returning, on board, they
found another Ship arrived from Portugal, under
the Command of Nunno Frijlan. With this ad¬
ditional Strength, they went afhore again, and
met People at Night : Being fo clofe, that they
loft the Ufe of their Weapons, they clafped each
other in their Arms, without knowing whom
they held, other wife than as they were naked or
cloathed, and differed in Language. They killed
three, and returned to their Ships with ten Pri-
foners. This Place they called, Puerto del Ca- Puerto <!e?
•vallero, or The Knights Port ; Antonio Gonzales be- Cavallero.
ing there knighted by Nunno Trijlan. There be¬
ing an Arab on board, who underftood thefe
Moors , they put him and the Woman afhore, to
perfuade the Inhabitants to redeem the Prifoners.
Next Day there appeared about a hundred and
fifty, fome on Camels, fame on Horfeback, pro¬
voking the Portugueze to land ; but finding they
did not, difeharged a Volley of Stones at them,
and went off. Antonio Gonzales went back to Por¬
tugal with fome Slaves ; but Triflan , having firft
careened, coafted on as far as Cabo Blanco c, or Cabo Blar*.
White Cape , where, though he faw the Track ofco.
People, yet meeting none, he failed home.
I N 1442, Antonio Gonzales returned again to
the fame Coaft, carrying with him the Chief of
the Moors he had taken, who promifed to give
feven Guinea Slaves for his Ranfom : But being
O 1
once at Liberty, he forgot his Promife. How¬
ever, on his landing, others came to redeem the
two young Men that were Prifoners ; giving in
Exchange ten Blacks of feveral Countries, and a
confiderable Quantity of Gold Duft, which was
This Donation is wrong placed by Purchas, after the Year 1441, Martin having died in 1431.
Bar roc, ibid. cap. 5. de Faria y Soufa, ibid,
De Bar res, ibid, cap. 7, de Faria y. Safa, ibid.
b De
the
By the Portugueze.
JJlavds of
Arguim,
JJl: cl e las
Garzas.
1442. the firft brought from thofe Parts. For this Rea-
c— -v-*-ifon, a Rivulet, that runs about ftx Leagues up
Rio del Oro. the Land, was called, Rio del Oro , or The River
of Gold. Befides thefe Things, they fetched home
a Shield of Buckfkin, and fome Oftriches Eggs ;
every body admiring the Colour of the Slaves.
The Gold ftirred up covetous Defires, and en¬
couraged Nunno Trijlan to undertake the Voyage
again in 1443. Advancing farther, he difcover-
ed the Ifland Adeget , one of thofe of Arguhn ; and
faw twenty Alraadias , or Boats, paifing over from
the Continent, four Men in each, fitting in fuch
Manner, that they rowed with their Legs. Trijlan
fending out his Boat with feven Men, chafed them,
and took fourteen ; but going back for the reft,
they had reached the Ifland. Hence they went
over to another, which they called, De las Gar¬
zas, or The If and of Hawks , becaufe of the vaft
Numbers they faw there, fome of which they
took a.
The Profit increafing, the Defire of it alfo
increafed. Some came from feveral Parts to Por¬
tugal, to admire thofe Rarities their Countrymen
A Company brought. In 1444, Lancelot , the Prince’s Ser-
for Dijcove- Vant, Gilianes , (who firft palfed Cape Bojador)
Stephen- Alonfo, Roderic Alvarez, anti Juan Diaz,
having obtained the Prince’s Leave, on paying
him an Acknowledgement, erected a Company
in the Town of Lagos, topurfue thefe Difcoveries:
They fet out with fix Caravels, whereof the firft
was Commander in Chief. Arriving at the Ifiand
de las Garcas, Martin Vincent , and Giles Vafquez,
with each fourteen Soldiers in their Boats, went
over to the Ifland Nar, where aflaultinga Town,
they killed many, and brought away 155 Pri-
foners, all Moors. Lancelot, attacked Tider , and
other Iflands, where he took above 40 Prifoners,
which he prefented to the Prince, and was well
rewarded.
GONZALO DE CINTRA fet out with
one Ship in 1445, and coming to the Iflands Ar-
guim, ran up a Creek at Night, intending to go
afhore; but the Tide ebbing, he ftuck ; and in
the Morning, 200 Moors coming upon him,
he was killed with feven of his Company. Thefe
were the firft Porugueze killed in thefe Attempts ;
and from the Captain, that Place took Name,
Angra de being called, Angra de Gonzalo de Cintra, fourteen
Gonzalo de Leagues beyond Rio del Oro. Antonio Gonzales,
Diego Alonzo, and Gomez Perez , fet out next
Y ear, 1 446, in three Caravels, bound for that River;
with Orders to treat about the Converfion of
thofe Barbarians, Peace, and Trade. The Pro-
pofals were rejected, and they returned, bringing
back one of the Natives, who came voluntarily
to fee the Country ; and John Fernandez remain¬
ed there with the fame Defign. Nunno Trifcin ,
a made another Voyage, and brought twenty Slaves 1446.
from a neighbouring Village. Denis Fernandez, y— j.
in another Veflel, parting the Adouth of the River
Sanaga, which divides the Affanaji from the Ja-
lofs, took four Blacks, who were fifhing in an
Almadia , or Boat. Sailing forward, he difcover-
ed the famous Cabo Verde , fet up a wooden Crofs, Cap . Verde.
and returned b. differed.
■A NT ON 10 GO NZ ALES , Garcia Mendez,
and James Alonzo, though feparated by a Storm,
b met again in 144 7, in the Iflands of Arguhn.
Palling upon a Village, they feized twenty-five
Moors of thofe which fled. He that ran belt took
moft, as Lorenzo Diaz , who took feven, whtlft
others caught but one, and fome none. They
called this Point, Cabo del Refcate , or Cape of 'Ca|,0 dej,
Ranfom , becaufe fome Blacks were ranfomcd there. Refcate,
Their Joy was the more, in that they found. Juan
Fernandez, who was left there the laft Voyage:
He was fat and in Health, though rough like the
c Inhabitants.. He told them, that the Country
being all plain and open, they often loft their
Way, and therefore were guided, as at Sea, by
the Stars, the Winds, and the Birds : That the
Inhabitants lived miferably, feeding on a certain
Grain, which the Earth produced without tilling;
fome Herbs, Lizards, and Locufts, all fccrehed
in the Sun, which is predominant; that Place
lying under the Tropic of Cancer: That they
ufed much Milk, not only as Meat, but Drink,
d by Reafon of the Scarcity of Water ;. and there¬
fore when they killed Animals for Food, they
fpared the Females. Thofe near the Sea, fome-
times fed on Fifh ; and when the Portugueze gave
them Corn, they eat it whole. The Land is
barren, being all Sand, which bears a few Palms,
and wild Fig Trees. They have no Houfes but
Tents. Their Cloaths are Skins of Beafts: The
better and neater Sort wear Alhaiks, which is not
unlike our Crape ; and the top People of all,
e fome better Sort of Cloth, but none good. Their
Employment is the Care of Cattle : Their Lan¬
guage and Charaflers, the fame with thofe of the
Coafts of Barbary ; differing as much only, as tire
Cafilltan and the Gallician. They have no King,,
and live in Clans, or Companies. In their Way
home, at Cabo Blanco, they killed fome Moors,.
and took fifty-five.
D 1 hi 1 S I A NE Z D A G RA M, Alvaro Gil, ,
and Mafaldo de Setubal, with each a Ca ra vel , da Gram,
f landed in the Ifland Arguim, were they took feven
Moors , and by their Help, forty-feven afterwards.
They ran along the Coaftof the Continent eighty
Leagues, and at feveral Times took fifty Slaves,
lofing feven Portugueze-, whofe Boat beinR left dry
by the P>bb, in the Ifland De las Garzas, they
were all killed. Lancelot, who once before had
a De Barros, ibid. cap. 7. de Faria y Safa, ibid. b De Faria y Soufa, ibid.
commanded
id. Voyages /o to East Indies
1447. commanded a fmall Fleet, failed from Lagos again, a
towards Arguim , as Admiral of fourteen Veflels.
At the fame Time fet out for Madera , Alvaro ,
and Dims Fernandez, , ^ Cajlilla , and others,
who all together, with the former fourteen, made
up twenty-feven Sail. Nine of the fourteen from
Lagos , came to Arguitn , where Dinifianez was ;
who perfuaded them to deftroy the Ifland, in Re¬
venge of the feven that had been killed. But the
Moors , underftanding the Danger, fled: So that
no more than twelve were found, whereof only l
four could be taken ; the reft were killed, as was
alfo one Portugueze. Alvaro de Freytas returned
home with his threeShips : But Lancelot with his,
failed to the Ifland Aider , landed, and finding no
People, returned on board ; where, feeing fome
Moors jeering his Men, becaufe they could not
find them, two Portugueze were fo provoked, that
they leaped into the Water with their Arms, and
fwam to Shore to the Moors , who ran down to
receive them. Others, feeing the Danger thofe <
two were in, leaped after them, and on the Shore
was a fharp Skirmifh ; many of the Moors being
killed, and fixty taken. This done, Suero da
Cojla , and three more, returned home. In a
Village, at Cape Blanco , they took nine Moors ,
and among them a Woman, who promifing a
great Ranfom, deceived Suero : For, at the Ifland
Aider , the bold Female, who could fwim very
well, leaped over board, and gained her Liberty
by that Art. Lancelot , and others, unwilling to 1
return as light as they came out, defigned to fail
to the Sarrab of the Ajfanhaji , and Guinea ; but
after fome fmall Attempts, refolved for the Ifland
Palma, of Palma. They touched at Gomera , and were
£>omera. entertained by two Commanders, Pijle and Brucho,
in Acknowledgement of fome Kindnefs they had
received from Prince Henry. They difcovered to
them the Defign, and taking them along, landed
in Palma. All they got were feventeen Prifoners;
but among them, was a very large Moorijb Wo¬
man, faid to be Queen of Part of that Ifland.
They returned to Gomera , and "Juan de Cajlilla ,
dilfatisfied with the fmall Prize, bafely and un¬
gratefully carried away Captives, above twenty
Iflanders, who were his Friends, and had aflifted
him: For which Wrong, the Prince made Sa¬
tisfaction, by fending them back well cloathed a.
^Canaries GOMERA , and Palma , belong to the Ca-
dijcwn-cd. naries. Thefe iflands were difcovered in 1395,
for King Henry III. of Spain ; after which, in
1417, Jaen de Betancourt , a Frenchman , obtained
Leave of King Juan II. of Cajlile , to conquer
them. Having fubdued thofe of Lancerotc , Fit-
erteventura , and Ferro, he left Mafiot de Betan¬
court, his Nephew, to govern them, who feized
Gomera ; after which, exchanging them with 1447.
Prince Henry for fome Land in Madera , he vventi^^vl-«j
and lived there. And becaufe eight of the Iflands,
being twelve in Number, remained unconquered,
viz. Gran Canaria , Palma , Graciofa, Inferno,
Alegran^a, Santa Clara , Roche , and Lohos ; the
Prince, the fame Year 1447 b, fent a Fleet, in
which were 2500 Foot, and 120 Lances, com¬
manded by Don Ferdinando de CaJlro , who land¬
ing there, converted many Infidels : But the Court
of Spain laying fome Sort of Claim to that Ac-
quifition, the Defign was laid afide. Afterwards,
King Henry IV. of Portugal, gave them to Don
Martin de At aide. Count of Antonguia : And laftly,
in the Treaty between Alfonfo of Portugal, and
Ferdinand of Cajlile , it was agreed, that they be¬
longed to this latter State. The Inhabitants of
thefe Iflands, were governed by a certain Number
of Perfons: They differed in their Forms ofWor-
fhip. In Fight, they ufed no Weapons but Sticks
and Stones: Their Cloathing upwards, was Skins;
the lower Part, a Covering made of Palm Leaves
of divers Colours. They took off their Beards
with (harp Stones. Their Governors had the
Maidenheads of all Virgins that married : They
treated their Guefts with them at their Vifits.
The Children fucked Goats. Their common
Food was Wheat and Barley, Milk, Herbs, Mice,
Lizards, and Snakes c.
LA NC E LOT, being homeward bound, dif- Ove-
covered the River Ovedek, which he called Sa-dek, or Sa-
naga d, becaufe a Black of that Name, was re- naga*
leafed there. It was then believed to be one of
the Branches of Nile ; becaufe they were inform¬
ed, it came far from the Eaftward. Stephen
Alonjo , in a fmall Boat, went up the River, and
took two Blacks, after confiderable Oppofition
made by their Father. Roderigo Anez, and Dims
Diaz, were here feparated from the reft by a
great Storm, and arrived in Portugal. Lancelot ,
fleering towards Cape Verde, went afhore upon an
Ifland, where he found nothing but Goats, and
thefe Words cut on the Bark of a Tree, Talent
de bien faire. This was Prince Plenty’ s
Motto, which exprefled his Defigns, and gave
Lancelot to underftand, the Portugueze had been
there before. It was Alvaro Fernandez , of Ala-
dera , who had conducted them thither. Lancelot
flood along the Shore, while Gomez Perez going
up clofe in a Boat, threw a Looking-glafs, and a
Sheet of Paper with a Crucifix on it, to fome
Blacks, who breaking and tearing them to Pieces,
poured in a Volley of Arrows; for which our
Men defigned to be revenged next Day : But a
great Storm, which difperfed all our Ships, pre¬
vented the Execution. Lawrence Diaz got home
3 Dc Faria y Sot fa, ibid. b Antonio Galvam, or Galvano, places this Expedition in the Year 1427.
c Dc Faria y Safa, ibid. d Tis called alfo Senega, and Senegal, not from the Name of a Man, but from
the San age; , or Sancga, if not from the Ajjcnhaji Tribes of Moors.
5 firft i
By the Portuguese.
/lift ; \jcmez Perez put in at Rio del Oro , whence a Slaves. Next Year taiR nut TV /-*•; jt
h'e brought one SlaVe, and many Skins of Sea with oZ f ^
Cape St.
Anne,
he brought one SlaVe, and many Skins of Sea
Wolves; and found the People there fomewhat
tra&able. Alvaro Freytas , and Vincent Diaz, in
the Ifland Tider, took fifty-nine Slaves. Din is
Fernandez , and Palacano , at Cape St. Anne , took
nine more, twelve of their Men fwimming afhore
for them. With thefe, and fuch like fmall Suc¬
cess, they all returned home, having loft one
fmall Vefiel; but the Men were faved a*
CHAP. If.
Dif cover ies of the Portugueze continued from Cape
Wrde, as far as Cabode Buena Efperanza, or the
Cape of Good Hope : From the fame Authors.
1447. T'"' ^ ^ Doubts and Fears which naturally at-
X tend Expeditions into unknown Seas, or
Countries, always obftruft great Defigns at the
Beginning, fo as fometimes to caufe them wholly
to be laid afide. And this had doubtlefs been the ,
Fate of the new proje&ed PafTage to India, if it
had not been fupported by an indefatigable and
judicious Prince, who was not deterred by an Ap-
prehenfion of Difficulties.
Rio Grande NUN NO FR IS FA N therefore, zealous to
discovered, oblige his Mafter, advanced fixty Leagues beyond
Cape Verde ; and anchoring at the Mouth of Rio
Grande , or the great River, ran up it in his Boat,
and foon difcovered eighty Blacks in thirteen Al-
with Orders from the Prince, to fettle a'
I rade with the Moors of Me$a, or Mejfa, twelve
Leagues beyond Cape Gue, where he got fifty Cue.
Blacks, in lieu of eighty he carried with him,
and returned, being drove away by a Storm
Here was left behind, againft his Will, Juan Fer-
nandez, he, who voluntarily ftaid before, amona
t e Ajfanaji. They brought home a Lion, which
was then much gazed at" in Lisbon. The Fame
> of thefe Enterprizes invited from the Kina cf
Denmark’s Court, a Gentleman, called, Ballarte ;
a Perfon capable and defirous of great Defians,
well recommended by his King, at whofe Suit’
the Prince fent him with Ferdinando Alonfo , who
was then going Ambaffador to the King of Cape
Verde. At his Landing, the Natives appeared in
Arms to oppofe him, till they were appealed by
two Blacks, who told them th 0 Portugueze Dcfwa
was only to convert and civilize them; whereupon
their Faritn , or Governor, came down to the
Shore, and fent an Account of their Arrival to
his King. Mean while, they began peaceably to
trade; and fome Elephants Teeth having ftirred
up a Defire in Ballarte to fee one alive, °a Black
offered to gratify his Curiofity, but treacheroufiy
jlew him, and fome of the Company ; which ob¬
liged them not to ftay the Coming of that King.
King Duarte [or Edward] dying the fame Grant of
madias, who furroundcd him, and poured in their d frnfl) th^LfucKedtdliVm^^heinff Wf
poifoned Arrows fo thick, that moft of his Men of Aae At fcventeen hZ’J S , fix Years He„ry.
were kiHed before he couid .et
held by Prince Pedro, Brother to the Difcoverer.
hrom this Time, the Difcoveries were managed
upon the King’s Account, who profecuted them,
though not fo vigoroufiy, as his Uncle Henry had
done, occafioned by the Differences between the
King and Prince Peter. The firft Step he took
their Chief, on which the reft fled. ' ' At^'lS e Uf tZ “"c ZfljaTl .at' £
ver Tab,,, to which he faded afterwards, he was Fifth and Tenth of all Things brought from
wounded bv the Rlaclrs. ™h„ thence. Next Year> Leaye was giyt= jA w
plant the Ifiands of the Azores, difcovered by Gon-
za!o Velio 1 hey are feven in Number; theirNames Azores
ot. Michael , St. Mary, Jefus or Fercera, Gra-tlante<i'
ciofa, Pico, Fayal, Flores, and Cuervo, which lies
fartheft to the Weftward, as the firft does moft
Eafterly. They differ not much in Latitude,
p , ^ 0 , . . — ^ which is about the fame with Lisbon ; and had
N*lma\ they Jook two Women ; which had coft f theirNamefrom agreatNumber of Hawks, which
them dear, had not Diego Gonzales, with a CroflV - " * ^ - • dWKi>’ wnJcP
bow, killed feven of the Iflanders, and among
them their King, who led them with a Palm in
his Hand, in Token of his Sovereignty b.
GOMEZ PE RE Z, deceived by fome Moors
of Rio del Oro, who had promifed a great Ran-
fom, was revenged, by bringing away eighty
* ^ - - >**v*fc V/A IJiG ivitil
were killed before he could get aboard, where
he alfo died, none efcaping without a Wound.
Only four Men, that were left in the Ship, brought
her home, after wandering for two Months in the
Sea, without knowing which Way to fteer. Al¬
varo Fernandez profecuting the fame Voyage, went
forty Leagues beyond Friftan ; where, being hard
preffed by a Multitude of the Natives, he killed
7 ’ tv* vraiuoj lit Wdo
wounded by the Blacks, who attacked him in
five Almadias. Gilianes, and others, fet out with
ten Caravels, carrying with them the Prifoners,
unjuftly feized by John de Cajlilla. Putting in
at Cape Verde, they were beaten, and loft five
Men. As they had better Succefs among the
Floors, they returned to Arguim, where they
made forty-eight Slaves. At their Return to
they call Azores, that were feen there when firft
difcovered. In Cuervo was found the Statue of a
Man on Horfeback, with a Cloak on, but no
Hat ; his Left-hand on the Horfe’s Main, his
Right pointing to the Weft. There were fome
Letters carved on the lower Rock, but not un-
derftood. It feemed to point out America. Be-
* De Faria y Scufa, ibid.
b Id. ibid.
caufe
i6
Voyages to the East Indies
1462.
Verde
JJlands dif-
covcred.
Death of
Prir.ce
Henry.
His Cha-
raSer.
caufe in the Iflands of Arguim , there was Trading
for Gold and Blacks, the King ordered a Fort
to be built in one of them, and called by the
Name of Arguim. It was eredled in 1461, by
Suero Mendez , who was made Commander of it.
The next Year were difcovered the Iflands of
Cape Verde , by Antonio de Noli , a Genoefe , fent by
that Republic to Portugal. He alfo found the
Ifland called, Mayo , or May , becaufe he arrived
there on the firft of that Month. Next Day he
faw the other two, which he termed St. Philip ,
and St. Jacob. The Names of the reft are, Fu-
ego , Brava , Boavijla , Sal, St. Nicholas , St. Lacy ,
St. Vincent , *S7. Antony , in all, ten. They are
commonly called the Iflands of Cap t Verde for
that they lie 100 Leagues to the Weftward of it.
Pedro de Cintra , and Suer a de Cojla , went as far
as Sierra Leona.
The Year following, viz. 1463, died the
'Prince Don Henry, the Beginner and Founder of
all the concerted Difcoveries in general, and of
thofe to the South and Eaft in particular. He was
of a proper Size, his Limbs large and ftrong, his
Jts Trade
farms d for
500 Ducats ,
Ifland Fer-
p,3.ndu Fo,
Complexion fair, his Hair ftrong and rough ; his
Countenance was terrible to fuch as were not ac-
cuftomed to fee him : For in the greateft Sallies,
lie was governed more by Meeknefs than Paflion.
He had a grave and graceful Gait ; was very cir-
-cumfpecft and cautious in his Words ; plain, as to
his Garb, fo far as fuited with his Quality ; pa¬
tient in Troubles, valiant in Danger, (killed in
Learning; the beft Mathematician of his Age;
very liberal ; extreme zealous for Religion. He
was not known to be given to any Vice. He
never married, nor was it heard that he finned
againft Continency. His Memory and Prudence
were equal to his Authority. This is the leaft
that could be faid in Honour of this great Under¬
taker. Fie left, difcovered, from Cape de Non ,
in about twenty-nine Degrees North latitude, to
Sierra Leona , in eight Degrees. He died at Cape
Sagres , in the fixty-feventh Year of his Age, and
lies buried with his Father, in the Church of
Batalla.
So great were the Hopes of the G«/«^Trade,and
the Covetoufnefs which it ftirred up, that in 1469,
'the King farmed it to Fernando Gomez, for 500
Ducats, or about 138 Pounds, for five Years, (a
fmall Sum in Comparifon of the prefent Profits)
in which Time he w7as obliged to extend the Dif-
ccverics 500 Leagues farther. In 1471, the
Trade of Oro dc la Mina , or The Gold of the Afine ,
in five Degrees of Latitude, was difcovered by
Juan de Sc.nteren , and Pedro de Efcobar. T hey
went as far as Cape St. Catherine , thirty-feven
Leagues beyond Cape Lope Gonzales , in two De¬
grees and half of South Latitude. On Account
(A this Difcovery, was added to him the Surname
of Afina ^ and he was made Noble. Fernando
a Po, difcovered the Ifland, called by him, Hermofe , 1471.
ox Beautiful-, but afterward it took his own Name, v— -v—J
The laft Difcovery, during the Reign of King
Alonfo , was, that of Cape St. Catherine, fo called,
becaufe it happened on her Day. There were
other Difcoveries before this, as the Coaft
from whence was brought the firft Cocbinilla ,
which the Italians (knowing the Value, but not
the Name) call, Grana del Paradifo , or Scarlet of
Paradife. They had it from the Moors of this
b Part of Guinea , who, crofling the Country of
Mandinga, and Defarts of Libya , brought it to
the Port Mundibarca, in the Mediterranean. At
this Time were found the Iflands of St. Thomas, Of St. Tho-^
Anno Bueno , and Principe, all neglected, the Kingmas> &c-
being wholly bent upon the War in Mauritania .
How little the Difcoveries were then minded or
purfued, may appear by this, that a Spanijh Fleet,
-commanded by Garcia deLoayfa , Knight of Malta ,
arriving at the Molukko Iflands, in 1525, he per-
c ceived there were Portugueze there, before it was
known in Portugal ; and found in two Degrees of
South Latitude, the Ifland of St. Matthew unin¬
habited, but bearing many Footfteps of the Por¬
tugueze : For befides feveral Fruit Trees, and
tame Cattle, a Memorandum remained carved on
the Bark of a Tree, that they had been there
eighty- feven Years before, with the French Motto
of Prince Henry, Talent de lien faire : For it was
the Cuftom of the Sailors of that Nation, to leave
d this Motto in all Places where they landed.
King Juan II. who fucceeded his Father Tort dei
Alonfo 1481, confidering, that the Riches brought Mina /re*
from the difcovered Countries, increafed his Ke-jeSicti‘
venue ; and having experienced the Profits of
Guinea, while Prince, (King Alonfo having given
them to him for his Maintenance) ordered a Fort
to be raifed in that Part of the Coaft, where the
Gold Trade, called, Mina, was carried on. To
thisPurpofe he fitted out twelve Ships, laden with
e all neceflary Materials for the W ork, from the
Stones of the Foundation to the very Tiles; with
Provifions for 600 Men, 500 of whom were Sol¬
diers, the reft Workmen. The Commander,
Diego de Azambuja, at his Arrival, confirmed the
Peace which had been concluded fome Time be¬
fore with that People. He firft acquainted their
Prince, named Kamaranfa , with his Intentions :
Afterwards landing, he took Pofleflion, and fet up
the Portugal Colours upon a Tree. Next, heKaramanfa
f prepared bimfelf to receive the Negro King, who^'yr °f
came attended with many of his Subjects, all naked, Guinea-
excepting, that from their Waift., downward,
hung Monkies Skins, or Coverings made of Palm
Leaves. They were all armed, fome with Shields
and Javelins, others with Bows and Arrows:
Some had Skins for Helmets, in fuch Manner,
that they appeared more ridiculous than terrible.
The Prince’s Legs and Arms were covered with
Plates
1484'
Leave to
build la
Mina,
By the Por
Plates of Gold. About his Neck he wore a
Chain, with many fmall Bells and Tags to his
Beard. Before him went a great Number of In-
ftruments, more noify than harmonious: Among
others, befides Bells, were Tabors and Horns ;
the reft were unknown to the Portugue ze. He met
the Captain (who made a pompous Figure) with a
grave and pleafing Countenance; and took him
By the Hand, in Token of Peace : The Chief of
his Retinue did the fame. After the Ceremonies
were over, Azambuja began to explain the Occa-
fion of his coming, concealing the Portugueze
Covetoufnefs, under a Mafk of Religion : Hefirft
let the African know, that his King’s Defign
was, to inftruct him in the Chriftian Faith;
and then asked Leave to build a Houfe for
his Men to dwell in, which was to be a Fort to
offend them upon Occafion. I do not pretend,
fays my Author de Faria , to perfuade the World,
our only Defign was to preach, on Condition it
be believed, that it was not folely to trade.
T H E Portugueze Captain was heard with much
Attention, and thePropofal of Religion admitted ;
but that about the Houfe or Fort rejected. For
as great Barbarians as they are in our Conceits,
they underftand their own Interefts. Azambuja
preffed, and Karamanfa yielded and retired. The
Workmen beginning to break a Rock for the
Work, the Blacks, who adored it, taking that as
an Affront, drove them away. Azambuja took
*7
1484-
tugdeze,
a granted him all the Countries that the Portugueze
fhould difcover from Weft to Faff ; but alfo de- 1
creed, that no other Prince fiiould have the Li¬
berty of making Difcoveries but the King of Por¬
tugal-, and that if any were made by fucb, thev
fhould belong to his Portugueze Majefty a. King
John did not then confider, that Difcoveries
might be made from Eaft to Weft, as well as
from Weft to Eaft ; and that a Grant for that
Purpofe, might affedf his future Pofleffions in the
b Eajl Indies : As hereafter the Reader fhall fee, to
the great Uneafinefs of the Portugueze , proved to
be the Cafe.
From this Time, the King of Portugal be- sippet tbs
gan to take the Title of, Lord of Guinea* Th e J/ Guinea ^
Cuftom till now, had been to fet up woodeii U‘nea'
Croffes in all the new Difcoveries, but his Ma¬
jefty ordered for the future, that Stone ones fhould
be carried, with his own and the Captain’s Name
infcribed thereon ; alfo the Time when, by whom,
c and by whofe Orders diredfed. The firft of thefe
Captains was Diego Cam , who in 1484, palling
Cape Catherine , (the laft of King Alonfo\ Difco¬
veries) came to the River Kongo , (in the King- KonS° diP
domof the fame Name) by the Inhabitants called coz'"'d'
Zayre. He went up the River, and faw on both
Sides, Blacks ; but they were not undcrftood by
thofe he carried with him. He found, by Signs,
that they had a King, and that he refided far oft',
to whom he fent Prefents: But finding the Men
the wife ft Courfe, and running to them, pacified d who carried them, ftaid long, he fet fail, bring-
them with many Gifts, which pleafed, though of
no Value. The Fort being finifhed, was called,
St. George , on Account of the particular Devo¬
tion which the King of Portugal had for that
Saint. As it increafed, it gained the Name and
Privilege of a City. Azambuja remained there
with lixty Men, and fent back the Fleet laden
with Gold. He held that Government three
Years, and gave it up with Honour; (a Thing
ing fome Blacks home with him. King John was
well pleafed to fee them, and giving them many
Prefents, fent them back again with the fame
James Cam ; the firft Part of whofe Inftru&ions,
was the Converfion of thofe Infidels. At his Ar¬
rival, he reftored the Blacks to their Prince, and
received the Aden he left behind, as Pledges. Pur-^ {(cover id
fuing the Difcoveries, he ran twenty Leagues far-
ther, fetting up theCrofs he called, St. Augujfin’s,
rare among the Portugueze , fays the Portugueze e in thirteen Degrees of South Latitude, and ano
K. John’ s
Offers reject¬
ed.
Large
Grants of
Popes.
Hiftorian) for which he was honourably re¬
warded.
King John being fully determined to profe-
cute the Difcovery of the Spice Trade by Sea,
but unwilling that other Princes fhould afterwards
intrude and fhare in the Gains, without being at
any of the Expence, in 1484, made known his
Intention at the feveral Courts in Chrifendom ;
foliciting each to furnifh Men for making Con-
quefts on the Infidels, offering in Return, a Part
in Proportion to their feveral Quotas. But this
Undertaking, being then looked upon as very ha¬
zardous and uncertain, if not chimerical, they
all declined the Propofal: Whereupon the King
of Portugal applied himfelf to the Pope, to con¬
firm his Donation, which he did ; and not only
ther in twenty-two. At his Return to Kongo , he
faw the King, who {hewed fuch an Affection to
the Portugueze and their Religion, that he fent
the Sons of fome of his chief Aden with the Cap¬
tain to Portugal-, defiring they fhould be baptized
and then returned with Minifters to inftrudlthem
in the Faith. They were baptized at Bcja , where
the King and Queen flood God-father and God¬
mother to the chief of them, who was called
Don Juan , his Heathen Name being Zakuta. The
fame Office was done by the Nobility for the reft,
who took their Names and Surnames.
Betwixt the Fort of St. George and Kongo, The King-
is the Kingdom of Benin ; the King whereof^"* °/Be*
thirfting after the Advantages, which he faw others n,n’
reap by the Portugueze Trade, feigned an Incli-
VO L. I.
* See 7 borne' s Declar. of the Indies, &c. of. Hakluyt, vol. 1. p. 217.
D
nation
Voyages to the East Indies
18
1484. nation to be converted, and defired Priefts to in-
'ftrudt him. But they being fent, the Defign was
difeovered not to be Religion, but Covetoufnefs :
For thefe Heathens bought chriftened Slaves, and
the Portuguese , with the fame Avarice, fold them,
after being baptized ; knowing that their new
Matters would oblige them to return to their old
Idolatry. This fcandalous Commerce fubfifted
till the religious King John III. forbad it, though
to his great Lofs. But God, (fays our Author
de Faria) who repays an hundred Fold, to re¬
quite him, ordered, that another Gold Mine
Ihould be difeovered below that of St. George.
King 'John was informed by the Benin Am-
baflador, who came to defire the Priefts for their
Inftru&ion, that 250 Leagues beyond them, was
the moft powerful Prince of all that Country,
Ogane a called Ogane-, by whom the Kings of Benin , for
fount Prince, Security of their Title, were confirmed, re¬
ceiving from him a Staff with a Head, and a Crofs
like that of Malta , all of Brafs, curioufly wrought.
An AmbafTador was always fent with rich Pre-
fents, to folicit thefe Enfigns of Royalty for the
Benin Kings : But he never fees Organe , becaufe
he fpeaks from behind a Curtain ; only at their
Departure from the Audience, he (hews a Foot,
in Token that he grants their Requeft. The
King of Portugal imagined this Prince might
have been the fame, who is vulgarly called Prejler
John ; the Formalities reported of both of them,
had lb near a Refemblance.
Sierra I n i486, three Ships were fitted out, com-
Farda. manded by Bartholomew Diaz, who had Orders to
inquire after this Prejler John. Diaz fet up a
Crofs in twenty-four Degrees of South Latitude,
120 Leagues beyond the other Difcoveries, in Si¬
erra Par da. Hence he failed in Sight of the Bay,
called de los Vaqueros , or of Her df men , becaufe
of the many Cows they faw there. Beyond this
they touched at the fmall Bland or Rock called
Santa Cruz , or El Pennol de la Cruz , lo called from
a Crofs which he eredted there. Twenty-five
Leagues farther, they came into the Mouth of a
River, which they called del Infante , the Sur¬
name of the fecond Captain, who firft faw it.
From hence they returned without hearing any
News at all of India , the Inhabitants along thofe
Coafts being a favage Sort of People. But to
make Amends, in the Way, difeovered that fa¬
mous Promontory at the South-Weft End of
Africa, which he called Tcrmentofo , or Stormy, f
becaufe of a great Tempeft they met with there :
But at their Return, the King of Portugal changed
that ominous Name into the more aulpicious one,
Cape of of Cabo de buena Efperanza, or Caps of Good Hope-,
Good Hopeon Account of the Hopes it gave of difeovering
Ajovoircd. t^e jn(jjcs ? they having patted 140 Leagues beyond
it. Here the Crofs of St. Philip was fet up. The
a two firft Ships coafting along, met the third, with 26.
only three Men aboard, out of nine which were<_— — ^
in her nine Months before, when they loft Com¬
pany. The fix miffing, had been killed by the
Blacks; and of the three which remained, one
died, with mere Joy of feeing the others again :
A ftrange, but not unheard of Death. At length
they arrived in Portugal ; the Extent of Land,
till this Time, found out, being 750 Leagues.
b c h a p. nr.
Portugueze fent to dif cover the Eaft Indies by Land,
with a more particular Account- of the firfl Settle¬
ments jnade in Mandinga, Guinea, and Congo.
BEFORE Diaz fet out on his Voyage, King India difee*
John had fent Antonio de Lisboa , a Fran - wed by
eifean Friar, and a Layman, to find out a W ay
to India by Land : But not being able to proceed,
c for W ant of underftanding the Arabic , they went
no farther than Jerufalem , and then returned a.
The Difcovery of the Cape giving new Life to
the Affair, the King fent two of his own Servants,
Men of Abilities, to profecute that Defign : One,
Pedro de Covillam , the other Alonfo dePayva. They
both underftood the Arabic •, and had, in Charge,
to difeover the County of Presbiier John , as well
as that from whence the Drugs and Spices came,
which the Venetians traded in. They were like-
d wife to inquire, whether there was any failing
from the Cape of Good Hope to India ; and to take
Notes of every Thing they could learn relating
to that Navigation. They had a Chart given ’em
alfo, taken from a Map of the World, made by
Calfadilla, Bifhop of Vyfeu, an able Aftronomer,
with 500 Crowns in Money ; and a Letter of
Credit for more, whenever they fhould ftand in
Need of it in foreign Countries. They fet out
in May, 1487, and patting firft to Naples , failed Covillam’s
from thence to the Ifle of Rhodes , where there ravt s*
were Portugueze Knights of that Order. Crofting
over to Alexandria, they went to Kairo as Mer¬
chants; and fo on, with a Karawan of Moors of
Fez and Trane fen, to Tor , or al Tur , on the Red-
Sea, at the Foot of Mount Sinai, in Stony Arabia ,
where they were informed of the Trade to Kale-
hut-, and failing to Aden , without the Gulf, part¬
ed : Covillam towards India , and Payva for /Ethi¬
opia, or Abajfina , refolving at an appointed Time,
to meet again at Kairo. From Aden, Covillam
went in a Moorifo Ship of Kananor, to that City ;
and from thence to Goa : Being the firft Portugueze
that ever was in the Indian Seas. From thence
he patted to Sofala, on the Eaft Coaft of Africa , to
view the Gold Mines ; where he got Intelligence
of the Ifle of St. I^aurence, called by the Moors,
The Ifle of the Moon. From Sofala , he went back
* Caflanncdciy p. ze
again
By the Portugueze,
Habafh,
AmbaJJ'ador
Prince of
Jalof ar¬
rives.
1487* again to -Aden, and fo to Egypt. Being arrived at
~~ 1 Grand Kairo, he found by the Letters which he re¬
ceived from King John, that his Companion was
dead. Thefe Letters were brought by two Jews,
who had been lent after them ; the one Rabbi
Abraham of Beja , the other Jofeph of Lamego.
Covilla m fent back the latter to inform the King
of his Succefs ; with the other, he went again to
Tor, and thence to Aden: Where hearing of the
Fame of the City of Ormaz , he failed thither ;
and having obferved what was moft remarkable,
he left the Jew to follow the Kara wans of Aleppo ;
and returned to the Red-Sea, to put in Execution
the Orders he had received by thofe Letters, to
difeover the Court of Prejler John, (as the King
of Abajjina was then, through a Miftake, vulgar¬
ly called J where he was detained till the Year
1520, when the Ambafiador Don Rodrigo de Lima
arrived there. During his Detention, Luke Mark ,
an /Ethiopian Prieft, was fent by the King of
Abajjina: He came firft to Rome , and thence to
Portugal. This Prieft’s Information revived the
King’s Hopes and Defires : And he was fent back
with an Account of the Means proper for fettling
a Correfpondence between the two Nations a.
Before Luke parted from Portugal, there
arrived Bemoi , Prince of Jalof. He came with
State, and was received accordingly. The Caufe
of his coming was this : Biran, who reigned in
Jalof, refigned the Kingdom to his Brother Bemoi,
as a Perfon in all Refpe&s worthy of the Royal <
Dignity. But Sibetah, the elder Brother, envi¬
ous of the other’s Happinefs, kills Biran ; and
feizing the Government, makes War upon Bemoi,
who, with the Affiftance of Gonzalo Coello, fent
by King John , upon the Hopes he gave of be¬
coming a Convert, made fome Refiftance: But it
being fufpe<Sled, by his Delay of embracing Po¬
pery, that he was not fincere, the Captain was
ordered to leave him, at which he conceived no
fmall Grief. He gave fuch Excufes for not be- e
ing prefently baptized, as feemed fufficient ; and
loiing foon after a Battle, he went to Portugal to
feek a more favourable Turn of Fortune: Where
immediately profelyting (with twenty-four Gen-
Embraces the tlemen of his Retinue) he was chriftened by the
Rotmfh Name of John , after the King, who was his God¬
father ; and next Day gave him for Arms, Pur-
pure, a Crofs Or, within an Orle of Portugal,
He in return did Homage to the King for all the
Lands he fhould be poffefled of. On this Occa- f
hon there were great Rejoicings; the Portugueze
difplaying their Magnificence in fuch Divertife-
nients as were moft in Ule at that Time : And
Bemoi , with his Retinue, entertained them in his
I urn, with heats of Activity in Riding, Aliccht-
Rornith
faith.
a their Career, took up Stones off the Ground ;
wnh many other Adtions of a furprifing Nature. '
When about to return, the King furnifhed him
with twenty Caravels well manned and armed, as
well to forward his lleftoration, as to build a Fort
on the River of Sanaga.
The Province of Jalof, lies between the two Piwr S.»-
Hmous Rivers Gambea, (or rather Rio Grande) and035*'
Sanaga ; fo called by the Portugueze , from a Prince
(or rather People) of that Name, whom they
b fpoke with, when they difeovered it. It has other
Names in the feveral Countries through which it
runs, and makes many Iflands, moft of which
are inhabited only by wild Beafts. It is navigable
150 Leagues up; where a Ridge of perpendicular
Rocks croftes it in fuch Manner, that the Water
falling down forms an Arcade, under which
Travellers pafsdry: It is pleafant to behold, but
the Noife is hideous to the Ears. The Gambea ^Gam¬
er Eio Grande, runs 180 Leagues, and carries b6a>
c more Water than the Sanaga. It is not naviga¬
ble all the Way, but Hows with lefs Hurry than
the other; though it receives many Rivers, which
water the Country of Mandinga. Both thefe Ri¬
vers abound with Variety of Fifh ; befides Cro¬
codiles, Horfes and Serpents with Wings: Their
Banks are ftored with Elephants, Ounces, wild
Boars, and other Creatures, as wonderful for the
Greatnefs of their Numbers, as the Variety of
their Forms. The Waters of the two Rivers
I mixed, caufe Vomiting ; which drank feparately,
have not that EfFedL
In this Part of Africa is that great Cape, called Cape Verde,
Cabo Verde, probably the fame with Ptolemy's
AJfmariumPromontorium in about fourteen Degrees
of North Latitude. The Country runs 170
Leagues to the Eaftward ; is very fruitful, and
contains many populous Cities. To Tomboto (or
Tombuktu ) the Mart of Mandinga Gold, refort
the Merchants of Grand Kairo, Tunis , Oran ,
Tremizen , Fez, Marocco , and other Places. This
Trade moved King John to build the Fort on the
River Sanaga. The twenty Caravels were com¬
manded by Pedro Vaz de Cunna ; who, landing
with Don John Bemoi , began to raife the Fort in
the Place afligned : But either fufpedling that
King deceived him, or fearing to die in the
Country, he bafely killed him ; endeavouring with King Bemoi
that foul Crime, (fays my Author, who never murdered.
fpares his Countrymen) to hide another not fp
heinous ; which was, to return without finifhing
the Work ; and fo all this Preparation came to
nothing.
The Kongo Ambaflador, being well inftrudled
in the Romijh Faith, was fent home in 1490, with
three Ships. The firft Land they made was Sono,
right
mg, and Mounting upon a Speed ; fhndingV- and arrived fafe at Where 7h7y wereloy-
upon the Saddle, galloping; and fome in fully received by an old Lord, called Mam Sono ,
* Cafanneda , p. 2.
D 2 wh0
20
Voyages to the E A s t Indies
1487.
King of
kangc.
.And his
Queen bap¬
tised.
Renounces
Popery
Again,
Columbus
Arrives at
Lifbon,
who defired to he baptized, and was chridened by
the Name of Marmel ; his Son receiving that of
Antonio , in the Prefence of 25,000 of their Sub¬
jects. The King of Kongo, Nephew to this Lord,
hearing what he had done, made an Addition to
hisEllate; and caufed all the Images, within his
Dominions, to be deftroyed. The King’s Refi-
dence was at Atnbaffe Kongo , fifty Leagues didant;
where he received Ruy cle Soufa , the Portugueze
Commander, feated on an Ivory Chair, placed
on a lofty Throne. From the Waid upward he
was naked ; the lower Part of his Body being
wrapped about with Sky-coloured Damafk; on
his Left Arm he wore a Bracelet of Brafs: From
his Shoulder hung a curious Horfe-Tail ; a Badge
of Royalty amongd them. His Head was cover¬
ed with a Thing like a Mitre, of a delicate Web,
made of Palm, which refembles wrought Velvet.
Then he gave Leave to build a Church ; where
himfelf, and fome of his People, were baptized,
in the Prefence of above 100,000: Who had af-
fembled, as well to fee the Novelty, as to pre¬
pare for aWaragaind a neighbouring State. The
King was named John, and the Queen Eleanor ,
in Honour of thofe of Portugal. After which he
marched with 80,000 Men againft his Enemy, and
vanquifhed him.
The Prince, who had been abfent in the
Wars, was on his Return baptized alfo, and called
Alfonfo : But Panfo Aquitimo , the King’s fecond
Son, would n6t change his Religion ; and the Fa¬
ther falling off, becaufe he could be allowed but
one Wife, refolved to leave the Crown to him,
in Wrong of the Prince, who continued con-
ftant. Alfonfo was abroad in Banifhment, when
his Father died ; but returning to Court, was re¬
ceived as King. Aquitimo having Recourfe to the
Sword, with a great Multitude, fell upon him
when he had but thirty-feven Chridians, as well
Portugueze as Blacks : Yet was the Invader de¬
feated ; and being alfo taken, was put to Death
by the Brother, who was not become more hu¬
mane by becoming a Romanijl.
ALFONSO edablilhed in Peace, deflroyed
all his own Country Idols, to make Room for
thofe of another, and propagated his new Faith
with great Zeal. He fent his Sons, Grandfons, and
Nephews to Portugal to fludy : Two of whom
were afterwards Bifhops in thofe Parts. In Me¬
mory of the Victory, and other Circumflances
already mentioned, the King took for his Arms,
Gules a Crofs Fleury Argent , between two Croffes
Pattee , charged with the Arms of Portugal.
The Beginning of the Year 1493, came into
the River of Lisbon , Chrijlopher Columbus , who
had been on his Weft Indian Difcovery, wherein
he was employed by the King, or rather Queen
of Spain ; and had brought from one of the Iflands
fome Men, Gold, and great Tokens of Riches.
This great Man fome Time before, had offered
I493»
a his Service to King John , who having flighted
him then, looked on him now with Regret.'
John treated Columbus with great Deference ; and
though fome offered to kill him, as well topunifh
his Boldnefs for Words fpoken, as to conceal his
Difcoveries from Spain , yet was he fent away
with Honour. However, King John was much
troubled at this Difcovery, fearing it was Part of
what he was intitled to by the Pope’s Grants,
and the Portugueze had been fo long in Quell of.
b Thiscaufed him to fit out a Fleet, commanded by
Don Francifco de Almeyda , afterwards Viceroy of
India, in order to oppofe thofe Proceedings;
which the fame Year were fupported by a Dona¬
tion from the Pope, of all Difcoveries Weflward
to the Crown of Cajlile. This farther alarmed
the King. Several Embaflies paffed on both Sides
to agree this Bufinefs, which at lafl was brought
to a Conclufion, as will be fhewn in the fecond
and third Parts.
c Though Prince Bemoi was dead, the Hopes Embajf.es ik
of making a 'farther Progrefs in that Country
about Sanaga , did not die with him. They who
went in the lafl Fleet, had not, ’tis true, per¬
formed what they were fent about ; but however
they difeovered more Land, and gained the good
Will of the Natives. The Trade was afterwards
continued, and a good Correfpondence carried on-
between the King of Portugal and thofe African
Princes. Pedro de Evora , and Gonzalo Anez»
d went to thofe of Tukurol and Tombotu. Roderigo
Rebelo , Pedro Reynel , Juan Colaco , and others,
carried Prefents to Mandimanfa and Tetnala , Chiefs
of the Fiili, the mod warlike of all the Inhabi¬
tants of thefe Parts. King John correfponded
likevvife with the Prince of the Mofes , a People
very famous in that Age : Alfo with Mohammed ,
Ebn Manzugul , Grandfon of Muza, and King of
Songo , (a populous City of Alandinga) who having
been thoroughly informed concerning the King
e of Portugal , faid, that none of the 444 Kings,
from whom he was defeended, had any Know¬
ledge of more powerful Monarchs than four,
which were thofe of Al Taman (or Happy Arabia)
Baldae (or Baghdad ) Grand Cairo (or Kahera )
and Tukurol.
A t this Jundlure, the King laboured to fettle
a Fadlory in the City of JVhaden , feventy Leagues
to the Eaflward of Arguvn , as well for the Trade
of Gold, as to have fome Intelligence of Prefer
f John, which he endeavoured by all Means to pro¬
cure. Many were fent by Land on thefe Difco¬
veries : But Death put a Stop to King John’s far¬
ther Progrefs in Enterprises, which to his eternal
Glory, fixed the Sovereignty of Portugal in Gui¬
nea, a Country abounding in Gold, Ivory, and
Plenty of all other Riches ; and the Gate which
opened a Way to the moll heroic Adlions after¬
wards, performed by the Portugueze , who now
prepared in earned to difeover India by Sea.
CHAP.
21
By the Portuguese.
1497.
C J-I A P. IV,
Vt Cams. ^ Vafco de Gama’j Voyage to India in 1497, icing
the fir f performed by -the Portuguese round Africa.
SECT. I.
An Account of the Voyage, and what happened till
his Arrival at Kalekut.
red??’ f I ' H 1 S Voyage -of De Gama is related by fe-
Kiftcy, JL veral Authors, as Juan deBarros , Ratnufio, b
Maffi, Faria y Soufa, and others ; but our Extradl
is taken chiefly from Hernan Lopes de Cafianneda,
who has written The Hifiory of the Difcovery and
Conquejl of the Eaft Indies by the ^ortugueze, in
eight Tomes.
T h 1 s Book has gone through feveral Impref-
fions, befides thofe of 1553 and 1561, in Portu¬
guese, each in two Volumes, Folio. We have
met with one in French ,. printed at Paris , 1553,
in Quarto. In 157,8, an Italian Verfion of it c
was publifhed at Venice , in two Volumes, Folio.
Afterwards the firft Book was tranflated into Eng -
lijh by Nicholas Lichefield , and printed at London ,
in 1582, in Quarto, black Letter, containing 163
Pages, (the Leaf being numbered only on one Side)
befides the Dedication of the Tranflator, (which
is to Sir Francis Drake , but contains nothing
worth Notice) and of the Author, to Don Juan
III. King of Portugal wherein he affigns his Rea-
tjufign of itSon for writing; which was to preferve the Me- d
mory of thofe firft Expeditions of the Portuguese
to the Eafi Indies, and prevent it from being loft;
as he obferves, on the fame Occafion, that for
Want of the fame Care, the Adlions of feve¬
ral Nations had been :• Among the reft a thofe
of the Spaniards in refeuing their Country from
the Moors ; and of the Kings of Portugal, Don
Alonfo, or Alfonfo Henriques, Don Sancho his Son,
and Don Alonfo, who recovered the Kingdom of
Portugal , and the Algarves. Of all which Tranf- e
atftions, he fays, there fcarce remained any Re¬
membrance. He then obferves, that even with
Regard to the Difcovery and Conqueft of the In¬
dies, there were no more than four Perfons living
(among whom himfelf was one) who had any
Knowledge thereof; and that had thofe Perfons
died, the Memory of thofe great Atchievements
might have been buried in Oblivion.
7?s Autbo. The Author was the better qualified to write
this Hiftory, in Regard he had been in the Indies, f
(where he went with his Father, who was fent
there in Quality of a Judge) and made it his Bufi-
nefs, when he was there, to inform himfelf of
every Thing that related to the Conqueft and Dif- j49~
covery thereof ; by converting with divers Gen- De Gama,
tlemen and Officers, who were either prefent in'
the Adtions, or gave Directions for carrying them
on. He likewife had the Perufal of many Letters
and Pamphlets, written by Perfons of Credit.
The like Care he took on his Return to Portugal,
which he travelled over, for that Purpofe, at his
own Expencc ; having fpent raoft Part of his Life
in procuring Materials for compiling this Hiftory,
which he finifhed, with fome other Works, at
leilure Hours, in the Univerfity of Coimbra , W'here
he was then employed in the King’s Service. De
Faria y Soufa , in his Catalogue of Authors, (at
the End of his third Volume) at the Head of
whom Cajlanneda ftands, fays, he went into India
only toexamine into the Truth of what he wrote;
and that though neither his Stile, being very tedi¬
ous, nor his Geography are commendable, he hath
many curious Remarks.
King Emanuel of Portugal inherited, not only
his Predeceftor’s Kingdom, but his earneft Defire
of finding a fhorter and freer Paflage by Sea to
the Eajl Indies , than that by Land. On the
other hand, the Profecution of the Enterprize
was condemned by the generality of People, who
being incapable of thinking juftly, are eafily de¬
terred from profecuting the moft promifing Un¬
dertakings. They renewed the Objections which Portuguese
had been raifed at Cape Verde , and had been con- rcncw the:r
futed and raifed again at every Cape in the Way t0Murmurs‘
that of Good Hope •, where once more they were for
having the Dilcoveries flop : As if the Storms which
happened to rife at the Time Diaz difeovered it,
were always to continue and prevent the Doub¬
ling of it. Tho’ fo many Difficulties, thought
inluperable at the Beginning, were already fur-
mounted, every new Obftacle was thought infu-
perable ft ill. But King Emanuel determined to.
proceed, fo long as the Aden of Integrity and Pene¬
tration were on his Side ; and knew nothing more
was neceflary to attain the defired Succefs, than
to employ Perfons of Refolution and Judgment to
execute his Defigns. He was in the Town of
Efremoz, when he appointed one of his Servants,
Vafco de Gama, born in Synis, a SeaPort, to com¬
mand the Fleet he had determined to fend out..
This was a Gentleman of fufficient Quality, Abi¬
lity, and Courage for fuch a difficult Enterprize;,
having already done the Kingdom, great Service
in Matters relating to Navigation. The King
honoured him, expreffing the great Confidence be
had in him, and delivered him the Colours he was
to carry ; on which, was the Crofs of the Mili-
mans ■
He mentions as Inftances the Actions of the Afyrians,. Medes and Rerfians ; of the Africans again/! the Ro-
u ; of the Sueyi again/! Julius Cacfar. But the Hiftory of fome of thofe Nations and their Affairs, had been
committed to Writing; but were deftroyed by the Greeks and Romans , or loft by other Accidents. And the like
might, for ought we know, have been the Cafe with the reft.
2 tary
Voyages to the East Indies
1497'
Ce Gama.
De Gama
frts out for
India.
An l-vcs at
St. Helena.
Ik ,
tary Order of Chrift, and on which this worthy :
Hero took the Oath of Fidelity.
Having received Letters for the Princes of
the Eaft, among others, the Prefer John, and the
Samorin, or King of Kalekut , he failed from Belem,
a League on this Side Lisbon , on Saturday the
eighth of July, 1497, w‘t^ onty three fmall Ships
and 160 Men. The Names of the Ships were
the St. Gabriel , the St. Raphael , and Berrio ; the
Captains, Paul de Gatna , Brother to Vafco and
Nieolas Nunnez. There went alfo a Bark laden
with Provifions, commanded by Gonzalo Nunnez ;
and a Caravel, whereof Bartholomew Diaz was
Captain, going to la Mina. When they came in
Sight of the Canaries , over-againft Rio del Oro ,
in a very dark Night, they were taken with a
great Storm, in which the Admiral was feparated
from them ; but they met him again eight Days
after, at Cape Verde , which before had been ap¬
pointed a Place of Rendezvous, in cafe of fucli
Accidents. Next Day the Fleet arrived at the
Ifland of Sant Jago , and anchoring at Santa Ma¬
ria , repaired the Damages done by the late Storm,
and took in Water. The third of Augujl , Diaz
returned home, and the Fleet proceeded on their
Voyage. After having fuffered extremely by tem-
peliuous Weather, (in which they often gave
themfelves over for loft) on the fourth of Novem¬
ber , they difeovered a low Land; and palling along
it, on the feventh, came into a great Bay, which
they called Angra de Santa Elena , according to
Cuftom, becaufe lirft feen on that Saint’s Day.
The People of this Illand were Blacks, little
of Stature, and ill-favoured. When they fpoke, it
feemed as if they fighed. They were cloathed with
Skins of Beafts, in the Falhion of French Cloaks ;
and carried their Members in wooden Cafes, which
were very well made. Their Arms were oaken
Staves hardened with Fire, and pointed at the
Ends with Horns of Beafts. They lived on Roots,
Sea Wolves, Whales, (of which there is great
Plenty ) Mewes, and Sea Crows, Gazelas, Doves,
with other Beafts and Birds; they had Dogs like
thofe of Portugal. The General ordered Search
to be made round the Bland for fome River, but
none was found : However, they met with Water
four Leagues thence, at a Place which he named
Sant Jago.
Next Day the General, with the Captains,
landed, with Intent to fee what Sort of People
they were ; and whether they would inform them
how far it was to the Cape of Good Hope, whereof
the chief Pilot, Pedro de Alanquez , was ignorant :
ByRedfon, that when he went before in the fame
Quality with Diaz , they palled it without going
near the Shore ; and on their Return, putting to
Sea from the Cape in the Morning, they palled
the uune in the Night with a fair Wind : How-
5
f
ever, he conjedlured, they could not be above 1 49 7.
thirty Leagues diftant at moft. The General, inDe Gama,
his Walks, took a Man, gathering Honey at t he '*■— "v—
Foot of a Bulh, and carried him on board, think¬
ing he had got an Interpreter ; but none of the
Ship’s Crew underftood him. Next Day they let
him alhore well apparelled, which fo gained on
his Countrymen, that the Day following, about
fifteen of them came down towards the Ships ; at
Sight of whom, the General went alhore again,
carrying with him Spice, Gold, and Pearl, to
try thofe People: But finding by the little Ac¬
count they made of fuch Things, that they had
no Knowledge of them, he gave them Bells,
little Tin Rings, and Counters, with which they
feemed mightily pleafed ; and thence-forward, re¬
paired every Day to the Shore.
FE R NANDO VELOSO having a Mind to iihMenht
fee their Towns, and their Manner of Living, &a"Zer'
got Leave of the General to go up the Country'
with them. In their Way they took a Sea Wolf,
which they roafted at the Foot of a Hill ; but after
Supper, caufed Velofo to return to the Fleet, which
was not far off" ; and as he obferved they followed
him, he made what Hafte he could to the Water
Side, and hailed to the Ships. The General hear¬
ing the Call, and feeing People making after Ve¬
lofo, ordered the Boats alhore ; which as foon as
the Blacks perceived, they began to run, making
a great Out-cry : The fame did many others,
l who had hidden themfelves among certain Bulhes.
This was their Policy, to draw the Portugueze to
land; for prefently after they returned, and furi-
oufly fet upon them with their Darts and other
Weapons: So that they forced the General and
his Men, who had brought no Arms with them,
to haften into their Boats. Four Portugueze were
wounded, and the General himfelf received a
Hurt in his Leg, which he revenged from aboard,
with Crofs-bow Shot ; but faw no more of thofe
'■ People afterwards.
The fixteenth of November , in the Forenoon, Double the
they departed with aSouth-Weft Wind ; and theCaPe*
eighteenth, in the Evening, came in Sight of the
Cape of Good Hope ; which bearing South-Eaft,
and the Wind being contrary, they flood out to
Sea : But at Night, again tacked about towards
Shore, and thus failed till the twentieth ; in which
Time they doubled the Cape, founding their
Trumpets, and making feveral Diverfions for Joy.
In pafting along this Coaft, they faw abundance
of large and fmall Cattle in good Cafe. Within
Land, there are Towns and Villages ; theHoufes
of Earth, covered with Straw, but none upon the
Shore. The People are fomewhat black, and ufe
the fame Apparel, Language, and Weapons, as
thofe of Santa Helena. The Country is very
pleafant, abounding with Trees and Water ; alio
03
1497. on the South Side
By the Portuguez
E.
2
- J
De Gama, reaching fix Leagues within Land, and is as many
e - 1 wide at the Entrance.
TCap^’ IS ,a. Harbour’ a do them any Harm, withdrew in his Boats*- onlv i i oH
within Land, and is as man v ordennar _ r ^ \ „ - _ 49°*
Angra de
San Bias.
*The Inhabi¬
tants,
O n the twenty-fourth, they came to Angra de
San Bias, which is lixty Leagues beyond the Cape,
and near the Bland, where the Birds are called
Solitaries, fliaped like a Goofe, but Wings re-
fembling thofe of Bats. The People here refera¬
ble the former. They faw many large Elephants
and Oxen, whereof fome haveno Horns: On
thefe the People ride, ufing Pannels fluffed with
Rye Straw, as in Spain ; and upon that a wooden
Frame, as a Saddle. They thruft a Piece of
Wood through the Nofesof fuch as they intend to
fell. On a Rock in this Harbour, about half a
Mile from Shore, they faw at one time 3000 Sea
Wolves, as large as Bears, with great and long
Teeth : I hey are wild and fierce, affaulting Men
if attacked. Their Skins are Proof againft the
Stroke of a Spear. They refemble Lions, and
their young ones cry like young Kids. In this c
Rock alfo were many Stares, as large as Ducks,
which bray like an Als, but do not fly, having no
Feathers in their Wings. Here all the Provifions
were taken out of the Bark, which was then
burned, as the King had ordered.
A f e w Days after their Arrival, there ap¬
peared about ninety of the Inhabitants, fome on
the Sands, and others on the Mountains ; where¬
upon the General landed all his Men well armed,
remembering what had happened at Sant Elena ! d
The Boats drawing near, he ordered to be thrown
on Shore little Bells, which the Negroes took up;
ordering two Brafs Pieces of Ordnance to be fhotPe Gama!
°, to fcarc 1 icm •' ^ hereat they were fo amazed,
t tat they ran away in Confufion, leaving their
Weapons behind. After this, fending fome of
h:s Men onShore to ere# a Pillar, inferibed with
the King of Portugal's Arms and a Crofs, the
INegroes pulled it down before their Faces.
They departed the eighth of November ; and ^ ane Cn.*
foon after met with a dreadful Storm. The fix- * A
b teenth of December they faw certain fmall Rocks
lixty Leagues beyond the Harbour of San Bias,
1 Jus Country is very pleafant to the Sight, abound¬
ing with Cattle: And the farther they advanced
along that Coaff, the taller and fairer the Trees
were; which the Sailors could perceive, they fail-
ed fo near the Shore. Next Day they paffed bv
the Rock De la Cruz, five Leagues farther, where
taz fet up his laftMark. There are great Cur¬
rents hereabouts, occafioned by this Rock; but
having a ftrong Wind they paffed through them,
as ^fore bad done> which greatly encou¬
raged DeGama On Chrijlmas Day, 1498, they
Jaw Land, which, for that Reafon, they called
Tterra de Natal: After this they came to a River T;erra
cafled de los Reyes , or of the 'Kings, for being Nat™ *
firfl feen on the Day of Epiphany. Here De Gama
Jett two Men to inform themfelves of the Coun¬
ty and g've an Account at his Return : To
this Purpofe, he carried with him fome Male-
fadtors, whofe Punifhments were changed for
thefe Dangers. Here he dealt for fome Ivory and
„ ,r r ' , .-*• - r> Provifions, fo much to the Satisfaction of thp
and fome came fo nigh as to receive them out of Blacks, that their King came aboard
his own Hand. This he wondered at, becaufe Th e eleventh of January drawing near Land * - ,
H had informed him, that when he was there, they went in their BSats alon. the Coaft to viewlS
they would no. come near him: He then ven- it ; where they faw a great Company of M?nT„d
Women, all of large Stature, who appeared to be
a. quiet civil People. DeGama commanded Mar¬
tin Alonfo , (who fpoke feveral Languages of the
Negroes) and another to land. They beinP- well
received by their Chief or King, the General fent
him a Jacket, a Pair of Stockings, and a Cap, all
of them red, with a Copper Bracelet, which he
received with Pleafure; promifing in Return any
1 hing which his Country afforded ; at the fame
lime, inviting Alonfo and his Companion to his
Town. DeGama having given his Leave, Alonfo
who fpoke the Language, went forward with the
j --- - - - ****** • veil-
tured aihore with his Men, and exchanged fome
red Night- caps with the Blacks for Ivory Brace¬
lets. A few Days after, there came down above
two hundred Blacks, with twelve Oxen, and four
Sheep; and as the Portugueze went aihore, they
began to play upon four Flutes, accompanied with
feveral Voices, making agreeable Mufick ; where¬
upon the General ordered the Trumpets to found,
and hisMen danced along with them. Thus the
Day palled in Mirth and Feafting. Not long
after, many more Blacks, Men and Women,
came again with Cattle. 1 he Portugueze havinsr
_ : _ 1 r 0 b
^ ndo hLBfch° f i" hif wi‘b A?™". "clapping their
pons of the old ones. The General fiifpeding
lome Treachery, ordered his People to retire to
fome more fecure Place : The Blacks, at the
fame Time, went along the Shore, keeping Pace
with the Boats till thay came to the Place, where
the Portugueze landed in Armour. The Blacks
then joined themfelves in a Body, as if they in¬
tended to fight. But the General, unwilling to
Hands for Joy three or four Times, before they
reached the Town. After they had entered it,
the King went round the fame, that the Inhabi¬
tants might behold his Finery. Then going to
his Houfe, where Alonfo was lodged, they had for
Supper a Hen, and boiled Millet. Here many
Negroes came to fee them ; and next Day they
were fent back with fome Blacks loaden with
Hens
24
V o y ag e s to the East Indies
Cape Coil
cnees.
1498. Hens for the General, who returned Thanks, and
De Gama, called it. The Land of good People. The Houfes
of the Town were all of Straw, and well furnifh-
ed ; the Females were more numerous than the
Males ; for among twenty Men there were forty
Women. Their Weapons are long Bows, with
Arrows and Darts of Iron. On their Arms and
Legs they wear Copper Bracelets, and Pieces of
Copper in their Hair: They have alfo Daggers,
the Hafts or Handles of Pewter, and the Sheaths
of Ivory ; whence it appears, that the Country
affords Plenty of Copper and Tin. They make
Salt of Sea Water, which they carry in Gourds,
to Pits dug for that Purpofe. They were fo fond
of Linen, that they gave a large Quantity of
Copper for a Shirt; and fo tractable, that they
brought Water to the Boats, from a River called
Cobio, a Quarter of a Mile diftant from the Place,
where the Portuguese took in Water.
Departing the fifteenth of January , they
went on along a low Coaft, full of very high arid
large Trees, as far as Cabo de Corientes, or The
Cape of Currents ; and without feeing the Town
of Sofala , they went on fifty Leagues beyond ; and
on the twenty- fourth, came into a River very wide
at the Entrance. Here De Gama and Coello went
up in their Boats. The Land was low like the
former, and covered with Water, abounding in
tall Trees, loaden with Variety of Fruits: Farther
on they found feveral Boats, with Sails made of
Palm. It was an Encouragement to the Portu¬
guese to fee thefe People, in Regard they under-
ilood fomething of Sailing ; a Thing they had
not met with before in all thefe Coafts. The
Natives came in their Boats to the Ships, which
they entered without any Fear, and behaved as
familiarly as if the Portuguese had been old Ac¬
quaintance: They were of a good Size, but black,
and went naked, with only a Piece of Linen
Cloth hanging before. They were kindly ufed
«v:s Sinays,by the General, who gave them little Bells, and
Cuama. ot]ler Things, talking with them by Signs; for
none on board underftood their Language. After
this, they returned in their Boats with others,
bringing Provifions; and more came along the
Water Side, among whom, were fome pretty
handfome Women, drefied like the Men. Each
had three Holes in her Lips, with three Bits of
Rio de Eu
Tin in them, which is a mighty Fafhion there.
They took with them fome of the Portuguese to
make merry at a neighbouring Town, where they
got their Water. The third Dav, two Noble¬
men came in their Boats tovifit the General, ap¬
parelled no better than the reft, only their Aprons
were larger. One of them wore on his Head an 1408.
Handkerchief wrought with Silk, and the other De Gama,
a green Sattin Capa. De Gama received them v— —
courteoufly, inviting them to cat, and gave them
Apparel, with other Things : But they feemed
by their Looks, to fet no Value on them. How¬
ever, it appeared from certain Signs made by a
young Man, that they were of a diftant Country,
and bad feen as large Ships as thofe they were
then in. When they were landed, they fent fome
Pieces of Calico to fell. De Gama rejoiced at
thefe lucky Tokens, called this River Rio deBuenas
Sinays , or of good Signs , and eredled a Mark.
Here they alfo brought their Ships aground and
repaired them. Mean while, many of the Men
fickened, through the Badnefs of the Air, or Pro¬
vifions; their Hands and Feet being bloated, and
their Gums fwelling out of their Adouths, that
they could not eat ; but rotting, the Stench that
proceeded from them, was intolerable : For this
there was no Cure but Cutting, and many died
thereof.
They left the River of Good Signs the twenty- Moxamtfi,
fourth of January. Next Day they palled by
three Illands, two of them full of Trees. The
firft of March , they faw four Illands, two near
the Shore ; from one of which there came forth
feven or eight Zambucos, or little Boats, which
following the Ships, called out, and made Signs,
that they might ftay for them. As foon as they
were at Anchor, the Boats came up : The People
in them were of a good Stature, fomewhat black,
cloathed with Calico, ftriped with feveral Colours,
fome wearing it clofe to their Knees, and others
on their Shoulders like Cloaks ; and on their
Pleads Linen [Turbans] wrought with Silk and
Gold. TMy had Swords and Daggers like the
Moors \ and brought with them their Inftruments
called Sagbuts. They came aboard, and con¬
vened as freely as thofe before-mentioned, fpeak-
ing in the Language of Algaravia [or Arabic ] nor
would be thought to be Moors. They eat and
drank heartily. Being alked by one, who fpoke
the Language, What Country that was ? They
faid, it belonged to a great King, and that the
Ifland was called Mozambik, where there was a
Town full of Merchants, who traded with the
Moors of India for Spices, Precious Stones, and
other Commodities; offering to conduct the Ships
into the Harbour. Whereupon Coello , having
the leaft Ship, was fent to found the Bar, which
he parted, after ftriking near the Entrance, and
anchored a Quarter of a Mile from the Town
fituated in that Ifland.
1 De Faria y Soufa gives a fomewhat different Account : He fays, the People of this River were not fo black
as the others, and underl'cood the Arabic Language ; that the Portuguese judged them to be more civilized by
the Habit they wore, which confided of divers Sorts of Stuffs, both Cotton and Silk, of feveral Colours ; andt
that they were told by them, that to the Eaftward lived white People, who failed in Ships like theirs.
Th is
Tirmmr^
Plan of t/irfbort Mbzambi^
Fort ode
Santo
'wt o/ Moxavd't
don i Herbert
ozambik
mozamMb
Mozambiit
/■
• ' *
• r " . *
■
ft
1498.
De Gama.
*The Compafs
and Charts
Xing vijits
De Gama.
By the Pop.
This Town of Mozambik ftands in * fifteen
Degrees s°uth : 'Inhere is a very good Harbour,
with Ilenty of Provifions. It is inhabited by
Moors, who trade to Sofa la, the Red Sea , and
tn Ufe here. India, in great Ships which have no Decks and
arc built without Nails ; the Timber beina fewed
togeth.er with Cayro, (or Ropes made of Coco
Hulks) their Sails are Mats made of Palm Tree
Leaves. Some of them made Ufe of the Compafs
of a fquare Figure : They have alfo Charts. The
Land about the Town is low and unhealthy. The
Houfes are built with Hurdles, only that of the
Sheikh, and the Masjed, or Mofk, ' had Walls of
Mud. The Inhabitants were Foreigners and Mo¬
hammedans: The Natives of the Continent are
black. 1 his Place was ever much efteemed by
the Portuguese, as being a moil: fecure Port to
winter in. It lies between ghiiloa to the North
and the Mine of Sofa la to the South.
The Sheikh, and the reft of the A'loovs , takin°"
the P01 tugueze for Turks or Aloors of fome other
Place, immediately vifited Coello in his Ship ; but
ftayed not long, becaufe there was none aboard
who underftood the Language. The reft of the
Ships having entered the Harbour, he fent them
Prefents and Provifions, defiring Leave to come
aboard. DeGama , in Return, fent him red Hats,
lhort Gowns, Coral, Brafs Bafons, Hawks Bells,
and other Things, which he made flight of; alk-
mg what fuch Things were good for, and why
the General did not fend him Scarlet? DeGama ,
- to prepare againft his Coming, ordered all the
lick Men to be kept out of Sight ; and all that
were found in the reft of the Ships, to be fent to
his : Caufing them to be fecretly armed, to pre¬
vent any Surprize from the Sheikh or his Attend¬
ants; who came well drefled in Silk, with Ivory
Trumpets, and other Inftruments, playing all the
while. He was tall and lean. He had on a kind
of Shirt, which came down to his Heels, and over
it another of Mekka Velvet. On his Head, a
Silk Cap of various Colours, trimmed with Gold.
At his Girdle he wore a Sword and Dagger ; and
upon his feet, Silk Shoes. The General received
him at the Entrance of the Ship ; and brought
him with fome of his People, into the Cabbln,
the reft remaining in the Boats. De Gama apo¬
logized for not fending him Scarlet, as having
brought none with him. The Sheikh and his
Company eat and drank very heartily of the Ban¬
quet prepared for them. He afked, whether they
were Turks , becaufe they were White; and de-
fired a Sight of their Bows, and Books of their
Law : De Gama anfwered, they were not from
Turky, but of a great Ivingdom bordering there¬
on ; that they had no Books of their Law with
them : But he (hewed them certain Crofs-bows,
tugueze.
25
a which were fiiot off before him ; with fome Ar- 1 iqS.
mour, which he wondered at. At this Meeting, De Gama.
lJe Gama had . Intelligence, that from thence to
Kalekut , were nine hundred Leagues; and that it
was neceffary for him to take a Pilot of this Coun-
[T condu<ft him, on Account of the many
p102ls T/ay. He underftood alfo, that
. rfer ./ °bPs Country was far from thence with¬
in Land. De Gama then requefted two Pilots of
the Sheikh, left onefhould die. The Sheikh made
b him a Promife of fuch ; and at another Vifit
brought them with him, To each was given
-thirty Crowns and a Coat ; and ope of them was
to remain continually aboard, while they ftayed
in the Harbour. J
Suppojing
them to be
Turks,
No t wi t h s t a n d i n g a 11 th is feemi ng Fr iend - Dejigns 1 ,
lhip, the Moors finding, that DeGama and his dtfUaJthem.
Men were not Turks, but Chriftians, contrived to
deftroy them, and take their Ships. This having
been difeovered to them by one of the Pilots, d]
c Gama thought fit to remove to an Bland, a Leaaue
from Mozambik. The Ships being thus fecure
againft any^ Attempt, De Gama went in his Boat
to Mozambik, to demand the other Pilot. Pre-
fently feveral Boats with armed Moors approached,
cahmg to them to come into the Harbour, which
the Pilot in De Gama’s Boat advifed him to do;
for that otherwife the Sheikh would not deliver
the Pilot who was on Shore. De Gama fuppofing,
that he gave that Advice in order to efcape, com-
d manded the Men to confine him, and (hoot at
the Boats with Ordnance. This alarming the
Ships, they moved forward to the General’s Af-
fiftance, which the Moors feeing, fled too faft to
be overtaken.
A few Days after, a white Moor came on Attempts t*
board the Ships from the Governor, exprefling t!!fnare then:.
Concern at the Breach of Amity, and offering to
renew’ the fame ; which the General refufed, un-
lefs his Pilot fhould be fent him. Soon after,
e theie came a Moor with his Son, defiring to be
carried to Melinda, (lying in the Way to Kalekut )
in order to return to Mekka , from whence he
faid he came as a Pilot ; telling De Gama, that it
was in vain to wait for an Anfwer from the Sheikh,
who, he wasaffured, would make no Peace with
him, as being a Chriftian. The Ships being in
Want of Water, they entered the Plarbour of
Mozambik a fecond Time, and with their Boats
f took it away by Force ; the Moors keeping at a
Dtftance for Fear of the Ordnance. T he twenty-
fourth of March, a Moor braving the Fleet from
tlie Shore, De Gama to revenge that, and other
Injuries, manned out the Boats with Ordnance;
and after driving a Body of Moors from the Shore,
who came to oppofe his Landing, and taking a
few, (among whom there happened to be a Pilot)
VOL. I.
N* II.
* De Faria puts it in 140. 30'.
E
deftroyed
26
H98-
De Gama.
Kecks of St.
George.
Voyages to the East Indies
i a with thf*ir Ouns in fuch a a fuffer only four to come aboard, and thofe with- 1498.
ssts tau“ ““
Th En"vcnty-fevcnth they departed, and came handfomely. They faid the King wa5 apprized
.. / rx 1 . ■ r) r 't 'T'l 1Z -J t ^4* fK^tr Am
to the two little Rocks of St. George: The flrit of
April, they came to certain Iflands very near the
Shore, the firft whereof they called Afotado , be-
caufe there the Moor Pilot was whipped for feve-
ral Mifcarriagesj who after confefled, that his
J)efi2.n was to have cafl the Ships away. The
fourth, they had Sight of Land, and two Iflands
near it, with many Shoals, three Leagues beyond
6)uiloa ; which De Gama was forry to have over-
Ihbt, becaufe the Pilots had told him, there were
ChrijUans in the Place. This they did with a
Defign to have brought them there to be flaugh-
tered ; for De Gama would have landed without
any DiRrufl. The Pilots having laboured in vain
to recover that Town, (the Winds and Currents
being contrary) it was refolved at length, to go
on to the Ifland of Mombaja, feventy Leagues c
farther North. In the Way, the St. Raphael ran
aground, two Leagues from Land ; but they got
her off, giving thofe Shoals the Name of the Ship.
Here fome Moors from Land were taken on board,
to be carried to MombaJJJa , where they arrived the
feventh of April ; and from that Moment his few
Men who were Rck, began to recover ; the reR
having died with Difeafes.
Mombafla MO MB ASS A is an Ifland clofe to the Con-
drfcriied . tinent, made by a River that falls into the Sea by <]
two Mouths. Here is Plenty of Provifions, as
Millet, Rice, Hens, and Cattle all very fat;
chiefly their Sheep, which have no Tails. The
Ifland is very pleafant, being full of Orchards,
planted with Pomgranates, Indian Figs, Oranges
of both Kinds, Lemons and Citrons. Here alfo
is excellent Water. The City, which is govern¬
ed by a King, is very large, feated on a rocky
Hill, againR which the Sea beats; fo that it can¬
not be undermined. At the Entrance of the (
port, and upon the Bar, is a little low Fort near
the Water. MoR of the Houfes are built with
Stone, like thofe of Spain , and the Ceilings
wrought in Figures with Plaifler of Paris 4 the
Streets are very fair. The Inhabitants are Moors ,
fome white, others brown, and appear to be good
Horfemen. They go richly dreffed, efpecially
the Women, who wear Silk Gowns adorned with
Gold and Jewels. There is a great Trade for
all Sorts of Merchandize ; and the Harbour,
which is a good one, is continually full of Ships.
From the Land there comes Ivory, Wax, and
Honey.
of their Arrival, and would fend to viflt them
next Dav. They promifed to load his Ships with
Spices; and told the General, there were many
ChrijUans in the Ifland ; which agreeing with the
Report of the Pilots, De Gama believed to be
true : However, he kept upon his Guard. Next
Day the King fent to compliment the General
on his Arrival, with certain Prefents of Fruit ;
and to tell him, there were many ChrijUans in
the Ifland, (which the Meffengers feigned them-
felves to be) and that if he would come into the
Harbour, he fhould have whatever he flood in
Need of. De Gama , believing them to be fin-
cere, treated them very kindly, and fent them
back with Thanks and Prefents to the King: He
fent with them alfo Men to obferve the Place.
The King fhewed no great State, but received
them well, and ordered fome Moors to Ihew them
the City. In their Way they faw many Prifon-
ers in Irons ; and were carried to the Houfe of
two Merchants of India, who were ChrijUans.
The King fent them back with Samples of Spices
and Corn; bidding them tell the General, he
might have Gold, Silver, Amber, and other Com¬
modities, in what Quantity he pleafed, at a lefs
Price than any where elfe.
O n their Return, it was refolved to accept of Difcovercd
the Offer of Spices, and to lade here, in cafe b Cadent.
they fhould not meet with a Market to their
liking at Kalehut. Next Morning at Flood, they
prepared to enter the Harbour ; but De Ga?na’s
Ship ftriking on a Shoal, they caft Anchor again :
Which, when the Moors , who were aboard, faw,
they went into their Boat, believing the Fleet
would not get into Port that Day. The two Pi¬
lots, at the fame Inftant, jumped into the Sea,
: and were taken up by the Moors , who could not
be prevailed upon to return and deliver them.
This gave De Gama a DiRrufl of the King, who
indeed had heard of what had been done by the
Fleet at Mozambik , and had refolved to be re¬
venged. Two of the Moors , brought from Mo¬
zambik, being thereupon put to the Torture, by
dropping hot Bacon upon their Flelh, confefled,
that they had plotted theDeftru&ion of the Ships;
and that the Pilots had efcaped, fearing the fame
f had been difeovered. In the Night, the Watch
perceiving the Cable to fhake, imagined it was
caufed by fome Tunny, which are Plenty there¬
abouts^ till looking more attentively, they found
Jblifice of
the Arabs.
A s the Ships lay without the Bar, in the Night it was the Moors, who fwam about, and were cut-
a Bark approached, with about a hundred Men, ting it with their wooden Swords, in order that
armed with Swords and Targets; who coming up the Ship might run aground. Some alfo had got
would all have entered : But De Gama would among the Tackle of the Foremaft of another
By the P o R
Arrive at
Melinda.
1498. Ship: Bat on being difeovered, they jumped into
De Gama, the Sea, and made to the Boats, that lay at a
Diftance to receive them.
The thirteenth, De Gama left Mombajfa ;
and feven Leagues beyond, they overtook two
Sambucos, (a Sort of little Pinnaces) which they
purfued ; taking one with fexenteen Moors on board,
and good Store of Gold and Silver. The fame
Day the Fleet came before Melinda ; which is
eighteen Leagues from Mombajfh , in three De¬
grees South Latitude. The Harbour is almoft an
open Road; but there is a Ledge of Rocks where¬
on the Sea beats, which is the Reafon Ships ride
far from the Shore. The City is feated on the
plaineft Part of a rocky Coaft, encompaiTed with
Palms, and Woods of Fruit Trees, of which
their Oranges excel for Tafte and Size. They
have Plenty of Provifions, as Millet, Rice, Cattle,
Sheep and Poultry, which are very good and cheap.
The City is large, with fair Streets, and Houfes
of Stone, feverai Stories high, and terrafied at
Top with Lime and Earth. The Natives of the
Country are very fwarthy, ftrong, and well pro¬
portioned, with curled Hair. The Strangers who
have fettled there, are Moors of Arabia. They
behave very well, efpecially the Gentlemen, who
from the Waift downwards, are cloathed with
Silk, and Cotton Stuffs : Others wear fhort Cloaks
of Calico ; and on their Heads, a Sort of Turbans,
wrought with Silk and Gold. Their Swords and
Daggers are handfomely ornamented. They are
all Left-handed, and never go without Bows and
Arrows: For the Paftirne of Shooting, being very
good Archers. They alfo reckon themfelves ex¬
pert Horfemen, though the Proverb along thefe
Coafts is, The Horfemen of Mombafla, and the JVo-
men of Melinda : For here the Women are very
beautiful, and go richly dreffed, in the fame Man¬
ner as the Men ; only on their Heads, they wear
Veils, laced with Gold. Moft of the Merchants
who trade to this Place, are of Kambaya , or Gu-
farat , who bring Spices, Copper, Quickfilver,
and Calico; which they exchange for Gold, Am¬
ber, Ivory, Pitch, and Wax. TheKing isa Moham¬
medan, and ferved with much greater State than
the Kings of the Places they had been at before.
DE GAMA was overjoyed to fee a City like
thofe of Portugal , and anchored within a League
of it : But there came nobody aboard, for Fear
of being made Prifoners ; knowing by the Pin¬
nace newly taken, that their Vifitants were Chri-
Jlians. De Gama therefore ordered an old Moor ,
(who was one of thofe in the Pinnace, and had
promifed to get him Pilots in this Place) to be left
on a Shelf over-againft the City ; from whence a
Boat came immediately to fetch him, as it was
judged they would. Being carried before the
he informed him of the General’s Requeft;
a Thefe Inftmments refembled our
E 2
TUGUEZE.
a and that he dellred to make a League with him. 149K.
The King returned an Anfwer to the General’s De Gam*.
Satisfaction, with a Prefent of three Sheep, many u.— v— J
Oranges, and Sugar Canes ; which was returned
by the Prefent of a Hat, fwhich in thofe Days
was ufed) two Branches of Coral, three Brafs
Bafons, fome little Bells, and two Scarves. Next
Day De Gama went with his Ships nearer the
City, and anchored by four India Ships of the
Chrijlians; Where the King fent to vifit him in a
a more honourable Manner, with Notice, that he
would vifit him himfelf next Dav ; and that
the Meeting Ihould be upon the Water. Mean
Time, the Chrijliaus from the India Ships, with
the King’s Leave, vifited DeGama. They were
well proportioned, and of a brown Complexion.
Th£y had on long Gowns of white Calico : Their
Beards were large ; and their Hair, which was
long like that of Women, was platted under their
Turbans. They had fome little Knowledge of
; the Arabic , on Account of their Trade with the
Moors ; of whom they advifed the General to be
aware, and not too much confide in. On Sight
of a Picture, reprefenting the Virgin Mary and
fome Apoftles, (which De Ga?na ordered to be
brought, to try if they were Chrijlians) they fell
down and worfhipped it ; for which Purpofe they
repaired thither every Day, offering to the Images
Pepper, and other Things. They eat no Beef.
They came from Cranganor ; but could give no
1 Account of Kalekut.
Next Day in the Afternoon, the King of 7 'baKi«i
Melinda came in a great Boat. He had on a vi/its him.
Gown of crimfon Damafk, lined with green
Sattin, and a rich Scarf rolled round his Head.
He fat in a beautiful Chair neatly inlaid with
Wire, on a Silk Cufhion, with another by him ;
on which lay a Hat of crimfon Sattin. Near him
flood an old Man, who carried a very rich Sword,
with a Silver Scabbard. There were with him a-
; bout twenty Moors richly dreffed ; with Muficia s
who played on Sagbuts, and two Ivory Flutes,
which were each eight Spans in length. They
were very neatly made, with a little Hole in the
Middle, on which they played a. DeGama went
De Gama
kindly re¬
ceived.
o
King,
to meet the King in his Boat adorned with Flags,
carrying with him twelve of the chief Men be¬
longing to the Ships; and after many Salutations,
at the King’s Requeft, went into his Boat, where
he was honoured as a Prince. The King viewed
him and his Men very attentively, and inquired
after the Country he came from, the Name of
his King, and his End in coming into thofe Seas:
Which Queftions the General having anfwered,
the King promifed him a Pilot for Kalekut ; and
invited him to take the Pleafurcs of his Palace.
But DeGama excu fed himfelf : Promifing how¬
ever to call there at his Return ^ and at the fame
German Flutes.
Time
23
• 14-98-
Be Gama.
Be Gama
cau¬
tious.
Voyages to the East Indies
Time made the King a Prefent of the thirteen a
Moors not long before taken Prifoners; which
'the King received with greater Pleafure, as he
faid, than if the General had given him fuch
another City as that of Melinda .
After this, the King rowed among theShips,
which he beheld with Surprize, and was greatly
delighted with the Ordnance (hooting off : Telling
the General, he never faw any Men that plea fed
him fo well as the Portuguese ; and wifhed he had
fome of them to affift him in his Wars. At part¬
ing, the General let two Men accompany the
King at his Requeft ; and had in Pledge his Son,
and an Ecclefiaftick, whom they called Iiazi a.
Next Day, De Gama and Goello , went with arm¬
ed Boats along the Shore, to fee the King’s Horfe-
men run and fkirmifh. In a little 1 ime, there
fome Footmen from the King’s Palace,
came
up
in a
which was in Sight, who taking him ^ _
Chair, carried him to the Boat of the General :
To whom he fpoke very courteoufly, and once c
more requefted him to land, and go to the City ;
for that his Father, who was lame, was defirous
to fee him ; offering to flay with his Children on
board the Ship, as a Pledge, till he fhould come
back : But De Gama , fearing to truft himfelf, ftill
pretended that he durft not, as having no Licence
from his Sovereign. The twenty-firft of April ,
there came a Perfon of Rank from the King, to
vifit De Gama ; who, not having feen any body
from the City for two Days before, began to be d
troubled, and fear that the King was offended,
on Account of his refuting to land. His Sufpi-
cions increafed, when he found, that this Fa¬
vourite brought no Pilot with him : Which the
King being informed of, immediately fent him
Taka a PUct otic called Kanaca b, a Gentile of Guzarat , mak-
/ir India. jng an Apology for not having fent him fooner.
This Pilot was (as de Faria obfervers) fo expert
in Navigation, that being (hewn an Aftrolabe, he
took little Notice of it, as one who was ufed to e
more confiderable Inftruments: And indeed, De
Gama found the Compafs, Charts, and Quadrants
in Ufe with the Moors about thefe Coafts.
DE GAMA , being provided with all Things
neceffary for his Voyage, departed from Melinda
on Tuefday the twenty-fecond of April , refolving
now to quit the Shores, which hitherto he had
c called, and truft himfelf to the main Ocean,
under the Conduft of this fkilful Pilot. On the
twenty -eighth, they faw both the South and North
Poles ; which latter, they had not feen for a long
Time before. The Voyage was profperous, and
contrary to what is ufual, without any bad Wea¬
ther. They croffed that great Gulf of feven
hundred Leagues, which lies between Africa and
£):t;ls tie
At lican
Coaft.
the hither Peninfula of India , in twenty-three 1 498-
Days. Friday , the feventeenth of May, they De Cama.
difeovered Land, being a high Shore eight Leagues'
diftant. Here the Pilot, with his Plummet, found
forty-five Fathom Water. Then fleering South-
Eaft, next Day he perceived, by fmall Showers
which fell, that they were near the Coaft of In¬
dia ; that being their Winter Seafon. The twen¬
tieth, he difeovered the -high Hills, which are-
over Kalekut ; then going chearfully to the Gene-
ral, demanded Albrifias , faying, that was the Land ^ Kalekllti
which he and his People fo greatly defired to fee. De
Gama overjoyed, gave Kanaca his Demand ; and
making a Feaft on Shipboard, came to Anchor
two Leagues below Kalekut , in an open Road j
the City having no Harbour or Shelter for Ships.
SECT. II-
View of India at the Time of De Gama’r Arrival.
He lands at Kalekut.
BEING now arrived \n India., it may not be Gcr.erat
improper to give fome general Account of
This vaft Country is commonly divided into three
Parts, Proper India , ovHindoJldn , and the Peninfulas
within and without the Ganges , called alfo, the
hither and farther Peninfulas of India. Proper
India is bounded by the River Hind , or Indus,
(whence theWhole takes the Name) on the Welti
the River Gango, or Ganges, on the Eaft; Tibet,
or Tobt, on the North •, from whence tis feparated
by a vaft Chain of Mountains, called by the Na¬
tives Imau, &c. (whence Ptolemy’ s Imaush and
on the South, by the hither Peninfula and Bay of
Bengal. The two Peninfulas are wafhed on all
Sides by the Ocean, except on the North, where
they join the Continent. Each of thefe three
Parts ‘is of vaft Extent, and contains feveral pow¬
erful Kingdoms. They are inhabited by Idolaters
and Mohammedans. The Idolaters are the anti cat
Indians i and though they all follow the fame Re¬
ligion, which came originally from Tibet, yet
they differ fomewhat therein from each other in
different Parts, as they do alfo in their Cuftoms.
The Mohammedans are originally Arabs , Perftans,
Turks , or Tartars ; who fucceffively conquered,
and fettled in Proper India , and on the Coafts or
the two Peninfulas, with many of the Iflands in
the Indian Seas : Thefe are generally comprehend¬
ed, or rather confounded, under the corrupt Name
• of Moors , by Europeans , as appears from their fe¬
veral Voyages. . T7, ...
The Country of Proper India, or Hindofan, Div'fion «/
at the Time the Portuguese landed at Kalekut , was‘^e Indies,
divided into feveral Kingdoms ; as thofe of Mul¬
tan, Dehli , or Delli, the chief (being then new-
a Kddhi , (or Kdzi, as the Turks and Perfians pronounce it) is a Judge among the Mohammedans ,
Faria tails him Me l e mo Kana.
b De
h
By the Portugueze.
1498.
Pe Gama.
Hither Pc-
turfula.
Coaft of
L'ckan.
Ctaft of
Kanara.
Coaft of
Malabar.
29
(5.) Porka. (6.) Koulan. (7.) Travankor , near 1498.
Cape Komorin , fubjeft to Narjinga . Of thefe, De Gama.
three only were properly Kings and independent,' - v— ■
Kananor , Kalekut , and •£?«/*« ; the reft being
only nominal or dependent Kings.
About 600 Years ago, Malabar v/as all Original of
united under one Prince, whofe Name was Sa- Kalek>-t«
rana Perimal. In his Time the Moon [Arabs']
of Mekka, difeovered the Indies ; and coming to
Koulan , which was then the Royal Seat, the King
was fo taken with their Religion, that not con-
ly conquered by the C hag a fays or Mogols) Bengala , a
Orixa , Aland 0, Chitor , and Guzarat , commonly
'called Kambaya a. The hither Peninfula ok Gan¬
ges, was divided into four great Parts, Dekan ,
Kanara, Malabar, and Narjinga, or Bifnagar ,
each fubdivided into many Sovereignties. The
chief Countries in the farther Peninfula, were
thofe of Ava, Brama , Pegu, Siam, Kambodia ,
• Champa , Kochin-china, ^nd Pong-king, or Tonkin.
The Charts will point out to the Reader the
feveral Places of Note on the Coafts of India , b - # ~ , - , . ,
fas well as thofe along the Shores of Arabia and tent with turning Mohammedan, he determined to
Pcrfia) to be met with in the following Voyages : go on Pilgrimage to Mekka, zx\ d there fpend the
However as the Weftern Coaft of the hither Remainder of his Life b. Before his Departure,
Peninfula of the Indies, was the more immediate he divided his Dominions among his Kindred, re-
Scene of the A&ions of the Portugueze, who fixed ferving only twelve Leagues of Land lying near
their principal Settlements there ; and feveral Al- the Sea. This, juft before he embarked, he gave
terations have happened fince Rien in the State of to his Page, who was a Relation ordering it to
--- --- ■ ■* be inhabited, in Remembrance of ins embarking
there. He alfo gave him his Sword and a Cap,
as Enfigns of State ; and commanded all the
other Princes, among whom he had divided his
Territories, to acknowledge him as their Samo-
rin or Emperor, except the Kings of Koulan and
Kananor \ but forbid all to coin Money but this
Emperor. After this, he embarked where Kale-
hit now ftands c: On which Account, the Moors
took fo great Affe&ion to the Place, that thence¬
forward they deferted the Port of Koulan ; and
would never fince lade Goods at any other but
that of Kalekut : Which, by this Means, became
the greateft Mart in all India , for all Sorts of
Spices, Drugs, Precious Stones, Silks, Calicoes*
Silver, Gold, and other rich Commodities.
KA L E KUT is feated on an open Shore, where
there is no Shelter for European Ships, which are
forced to ride it out at Anchor in the Road : But
thofe of the Country, being made of Planks
bound together with Ropes, and flat bottomed
without Keels, are eafily brought on Land. The
: City is large. The Houfes were made of Hurdles,
excepting the Palaces of the King, and the Tem¬
ples, which were the only Buildings of Lime and
Stone ; for none elfe, by their Laws, were per¬
mitted to be raifed with thefe Materials.
b De Faria agrees nearly with this Account, only
that Peninfula, it will not be amifs to mention
the Towns along the Coaft, which fall within
the feveral Divifions above-mentioned, proceeding
from North to South.
I n the Coaft of Dekan, which began at the
River Bate, that falls into the Sea towards Bom-
bairn , and ended Southward at the River Aliga ,
containing the Space of feventy-five Leagues, are
the Cities of Chaul , Bandar, Dabul, Debet etc ,
Sintapori , Koropatan , Banda , Chapora , and Goa.
T o the Coaft of Kanara, extending from the
River Aliga to Mount Belli, about forty-fix
Leagues, belonged thefe Towns and Ports, Onor ,
Batik ala , Barfelor, B aqua lor, Mangalor, and
others.
From Mount Delli toGape Komorin, are ninety-
three Leagues, comprifing the Coaft of Malabar,
in which were feven Kingdoms, governed by
Princes, who are Bramens, or Gentile Priefts:
(1.) Kananor, with twenty Leagues of Coaft,
in which are the i owns of Kota , Koulam , Nili -
chilam, Marabia, Bolapotam, Kananor the Capi¬
tal, Tremopatan, Cheba , Maim, and Purepatan.
(2.) Kalekut, extending twenty-feven Leagues,
has thefe Towns ; Kalekut the Metropolis, Kou-
lete, Chale, Parangale, Tanor, (the Capital of a
Kingdom, fubjedf to Kalekut ) and Chatua. ^ (3.)
The little Kingdom of Kranganor. (4.) Kochin.
a Or Kambay, and by the Natives, Kambaut.
he fays/ that the King, (Perimal) after turning Mohammedan, gave the Moors Leave to build Kalekut
that in diftributing his Kingdoms among his Relations, he to the chief of them gave Koulan, where 5 he
placed the Head of the Religion of the Bramens, and called him . Kobritim ; which is the fam. as High
Prieft, and was tranflated to ° Kochin. To his Nephew he gave Kalekut, and all the Temporal Dominion
calling him ZamrU, that is. Emperor. In another Place, our Author affirms this Voyage of Perima/
to Mekka, was a falfe Invention of the Moors; and fays, that being a Favourer of the Chnfhan of
St Thomas at Kranganor, his Pilgrimage was to Melt afar : See Portugueze Afia, vol. I. p. 100 Is not this
a falfe Invention eff the Portugueze Priefts, to rob the Mohammedans of a Convert? Very likely; for by
another Relation, (he muft mean Portugueze Relation) he fays, this Perimal was one of the three Rings w 10
went to adore Chrifl at Bethlehem: See Portugueze Afia, vol. 2. p. 224. This is plainly a falfe Invention of
the Portugueze, fince he began his Voyage at leaft 347 Years after Chrijl, according s °wn Account-
Forgers are never fatisfied ; and, by a certain Fatality, invent Stones to confute one another. Some
thors fay, he was caft away in his Paffage to the Red-Sea, ^
3o
149^*
De Gama.
De Gama
anchors be*
fore it.
Voyages to the East Indies
Interview
with Eon-
taybo.
DE GAMA came to anchor on the twentieth a
of May, about two Leagues from Kalekut. Pre-
fently four Almadias , or Boats of Fiftiermen,
(which is a Name for poor People in the Indies)
came to the Fleet, admiring at the Make of the
Ships, fuch as they had never before feen ; and
afking. Whence they came ? They were brown,
and all naked, excepting a little Piece of Linen
before. De Gama received them well, and or¬
dered fome of their Fifh to be bought : Alter
which, they conduced him to Kalekut , where l
he call Anchor without the Bar ; and immedi¬
ately fent on Shore one of his banil’ned Men, in
one of the Almadias , to get Intelligence of the
Place, and found how he fhould be received.
The People prefently thronged about him, afking
many Queftions of the Boatmen ; but could not
believe he was a Moor , as they had reprefented
him, in Regard his Drefs was fo unlike that of
the Moors , who came from theStreightsof Mekka ,
and he could not fpeak Arabic. However, they (
carried him to the Houfe of two Moors , one of
whom called Bontaybo % could fpeak Spanifh , and
knowing him to be a Portugueze, accofted him, fay¬
ing, The Devil take you, what brought you hither ?
After which, he afked him feveral Queftions fe-
rioully, relating to his Coming: Which being an-
fwered, Bontaybo faid, he was acquainted with
the Portugueze at Tunis, whence he came ; but
feemed aftonifhed, to think, how the Ships could
Friend , fo he would continue to further them in their 1498.
Defigns to the utmojl of his Power. De Gama De Gama,
thanked him, and promiled to reward him boun¬
tifully for whatever Service he fhould do him ;
declaring, he was overjoyed to meet with fuch
a Friend ; and that he believed God had fent him
thither before them, in order to give Succefs to
their Voyage: For that he was feniible, without
his Affiftance, he fhould be able to make nothing,
of it. Then, having afked him fome Queftions
relating to the King of Kalekut, Bontaybo told him,
that he was a Prince of a very good Difpoiition ;
and made no Doubt but he would gladly receive
him (the General) as Ambaffador from a foreign
King, efpecialiy if he came to fettle Trade, and
had brought any Merchandize wTith him : For
that the King’s Revenue chiefly arofe from the
Duties on Goods. Fie likewife informed De
Gama, that the King was then at Panane , a Vil¬
lage by the Sea, five Leagues from thence ; and
advifed him to fend his Majefty Notice immedi¬
ately of his Arrival, which the General did, dif-
mifting Bontaybo with Prefents.
SECT.
De Gama invited to Court.
Samorin.
III.
His Audience of the
THE Samorin, being informed by the Mef-De GamA
fengers, that the General had Letters to invited t»
come by Sea thither. Then he afked. What they d him from the King 5f Portugal, a Chrifian Prince, Court>
~ ' ' ... he fent to bid him welcome, and a Pilot to con-
IVlo becomes
his Friend.
came about ? The Man replied. To look for Chrif-
tians and Spices. IVhy, faid Bontaybo, did not the
Kings cf France and Spain, and the Doge of Venice
fend Fleets on the fame Errand ? Becaufe, anfwer-
ed the other, the King of Portugal tuould not give
his Confent. He was much in the right of it, re¬
turned Bontaybo ; and after having made the
Man eat, went along with him to fee the Gene¬
ral. At his firft Approach, he fpoke aloud \n Spa¬
nijh : Good Luck ! Good Luck ! Many Rubies , many
Emeralds. Thou art bound to give God Thanks, for
that he hath brought thee where there are all Sorts
of Spices and Precious Stones, with all the Riches
of the World.
The General and the reft wrere fo furprized to
meet with one who could fpeak their Language
fo far from home, that they wept for Joy. After
which, De Gama embraced Bontaybo j and fitting
down with him, afked, If he was a Chriftian,
and how he came to Kalekut ? The Moor told him
what Religion he was of, and that he arrived at
India by the Way of Kayro. He concluded, by
fpeaking in Favour of the Portugueze, and faying.
That as he had on all Occaftons before been their
f
a
du<St him to Padarane, a Village, where there
was a good Harbour for his Ships ; with Notice
withal, to go by Land to Kalekut , where the King
would be to receive him. De Gama accordingly
removed to Padarana, but would not enter too
far into the Port, for Fear of Treachery. Here
an Order was fent him from the Ku.twal'0, or Offi¬
cer for foreign Affairs, giving him Permilflon to
land whenever he pleafed. De Gama then calling
a Council, fignified to them his Intention to go,
and fettle with the King a Treaty of Commerce
and perpetual Amity : But his Brother was againft:
it, alledging, that though the King and the Na¬
tives were Chriflians, (as they then imagined them
to be) yet there were many Moors among them,
who were always their mortal Enemies, and would
now be more fo, as confidering them come to in¬
terfere in their Trade : That therefore as the Suc¬
cefs of the Voyage, and the Safety of all the reft:
depended on his Life, he thought it more advila-
ble to fend fome other Perfon in his Stead. Of
the fame Opinion were all the reft : But De Gama
declared, let what would betide him, he would
a Dr Faria calls him Monxcyde. b Ku. nx dl, fgnifies properly, the Governor of the Cafile ; but in dif¬
ferent Places, the Office may differ. In fo:nc Places, the Kunodl feems to be, the Deputy Governor of the
Town, or .Sheriff. ,
By the P o r
14.08. go himfelf ; and that he would rather die, than
Dc Gama, return without carrying back lure Credentials of
'his having been at Kalekut. He built much alfo
for his Security, on its being the King’s Intereft,
(as Bontaybo told him) to encourage Traders; and
more upon the Notion, that the Inhabitants were
Chriftians. He ordered them however, in cafe
anv Accident happened to him, that they fhould
^ 1 1 _ - _ _ _ i. U PW. I nitin /A T-
TUGUEZE. 3 1
a Inch out of their Mouth; others with four Arms, 1498.
and fuch frightful Faces, that the Portuguese be- De Gama.
gan to doubt, whether it was a Chrijiian Church
or not. Upon the Top of the Chapel, which
flood in the Middle of the Temple, was a Fort
or Freeftone Tower, with a little Wire Door, and
Stone Stairs on the Outfide. In the Wall of this
Tower was an Image, on Sight whereof, the Ada-
and carry thekewsof labors called out Mary ! Whereupon DeGama and
1 milieu wiciy f 1 ..n. fnr an Timop of the Vimn.
ir.
State,
the Difcovery of the Indies.
Sets forward Next Day, May twenty-eight, De Gama fet b
out in his Boat furniflied with Ordnance, attend¬
ed with twelve of his Company, the Flags wav¬
ing and Trumpets founding. I he Kutwal wait¬
ed' for him on Shore, attended with 200 Nayres,
(or Gentlemen of the Country) and a Multitude
of People. He was received very politely at
landing, where there were two Litters, one for
him, the other for the Kutwal ; into which en¬
tering, they put forward, being carried on Mens
Shoulders at a fwift rate, all the reft going on c
foot. At Kapokats they refted to refrefh on b ifh,
Rice and Fruits. Here they went by W ater about
a League on a River, and a little Way by the
Shore, where they faw feveral Ships agiound.
De Gama had for him and his People two Alma-
dias , lying clofe together, which the Natives call
Entangada. Being landed again, they proceeded
the reft, taking it for an Image of the Virgin,
fell on their Knees and prayed: Only one yuan
de Sala , who had fome Doubt of the Matter, in
making his Genu-flexion, laid. If this be the
Devil, Iworjhip God ; which made De Gama (mile.
They could not fee the Statue diftindtly, the
Tower being dark within; nor were they per¬
mitted to go near enough to examine it, becaufe
they were told, none but Kafrs b could have that
Privilege. As the Kutwal and his Attendance
came before the Chapel, they fell flat on the
Ground, with their Hands before them, three
Times, and then prayed Handing.
The Multitude, that followed all the W ay, ^ «» iht
was extraordinary great : But that which gathered
at their entering the City, was fo prodigious, that
DeGama wondered at it; and the Prefs fo great,
that they were almoft ftifled, and could fcarce
move forward. This obliged the Kutwal to go
into a Houfe, where his Brother (who was a No-
Vifits
Indian
‘Temple,
an
on the Way : The Kutwal brought him to fee a - > . , vT e* u„
Temple a of the Malabars , which was as large as bleman) met him, with feveral Nayres, fent by
a great Monaftery It was built of Freeftone, and d the King to conduft De Gama (who went as an
a great Mon alter} . AmhsflkdmA to Court. They were preceded by
covered with Tiles. Over the h ront Door there
hung feven Bells ; and before it flood a Pillar as
higlTas theMaft of a Ship, made of Wire, with
a Weathercock of the fame at Fop. Within it
was full of Images: This made DeGama and the
reft take it for a Chrijiian Church. Entering it,
they were met by certain Men, naked from the
Girdle upwards ; and from thence to the Knees,
covered with Calico. They wore Pieces of Ca¬
lico alfo under their Arm-pits, with certain
Threads, which were hung over their Left
Shoulder, and pafted under the Right Arm, juft
as the Romijh Priells u fed to wear their Stoles for¬
merly. Thefe Men, with a Sponge dipped in a
Fountain, fprinkled their Vifltants; and then gave
each of them fome Sanders pulverized to ftrew
upon their Heads, (as the Papjls do Allies) and
Worjhip J one on their Arms. The Portuguese did one, but not
tf tbe-.r Jma- other, becaufe their Cloaths were on. On
*“• the Walls of this Temple were many Images
painted, fome with great Teeth flicking above an
Ambaffador) to Court. They were preceded by
Trumpets and Sagbuts ; and one of the Nayres
had a fmail Piece of Ordnance, which he fhot
off from Time to Time; After the Kutwal' s
Brother came, though the Concourfe was no lefs
than before, yet the People all fell behind, with
as much Refpedl, as if the Samorin had been there
in Perfon. There went with them at leaft 3000
Men armed, befides thofe which were on the
; Pendices and at the Doors, without Number.
" De Gama was mightily pleafed at the Manner of
his Reception, faying merrily to thofe that were
with him. They little think in Portugal what Ho¬
nour is done us here. .
A n Hour before Sun-fet, they arrived at the Arrives at
King’s Palace ; which, though built with Earth, the Palace
was very large, and made a handfome Appearance,
being furrounded with Variety of Trees, and ac¬
commodated with delightful Gardens, adorned
f with Fountains: For the Samorin never ftirs out,
but when hd goes into the Country. Before the
. The Portuguese call a Temple or Church of the Indians, fmt « Pagoda. which of the
the Pale ff theftChurch ; and efpecially to thofe Chrifians may
Kafrs , here feems to be meant thofe who attend the T emple, and we r L -j The Word Kutnvdl
be concluded, that this Information came from .Bontaybo, and not from a Malabar G . .
alfo is Arabic - Palace
32 V O Y AG E 5 to the
1498. Palace they found feveral Kaymals , and other a
De Gama. Noblemen, who came to receive the General :
They palled through five great Courts, with
Gates each, attended by ten Porters ; who were
forced to lay about them with their Sticks, to
clear the Way. Being come to the Palace Gate,
there met them the King’s chief Bramen and
High Pried, a little old Man, who embraced De
Gama , and conducted them all in. Here the
People prelfed fo violently to get in, (as feeing
their King but feldom) that feveral were fqueezed b
to Death ; which had been the Fate of two Por¬
tuguese but for the Porters, who going before,
laid on unmercifully to make Room.
j
The King's Tup Palace within, was fet round with Seats
State. one above another, like a Theatre : The Floor,
covered with green Velvet, and the Walls hung
round with Silks of feveral Colours. The King
was of a brown Complexion, large Body, and
advanced in Years: He had a majeftic Afpedl, and
Jay reclined upon an Eftrade or Settee, which was c
covered with white Silk, wrought with Gold ;
and over Head a rich Canopy. He wore a fhort
Coat of fine Calico, ftrewed with Branches and
Rofes of beaten Gold : The Buttons were great
Pearls, and the Holes of Gold Thread. About
Bis Middle was a Piece of white Calico, which
reached to his Knees. On his Head he had a
Sort of Mitre, covered over with Pearls and Pre¬
cious Stones: In his Ears were Jewels of the fame
Kind ; and his Toes as well as Fingers, were d
loaded with Diamond Rings. His Arms and Legs
were naked, and adorned with Gold Bracelets.
Near him flood a Bafon on a high Stand, all of
Gold, out of which one of his Attendants ferved
him with 3 Vitele, which he chewed with Salt
and Areka; an Apple no bigger than an Hazel
Nut. The Ufe of this Drug is common all over
India ; having the Virtue, as is fuppofed, to fweeten
the Breath, carry the Phlegm off the Stomach,
and quench Third. There was another Gold e
Veil'd for the King to fpit into, and fpirt the
Compofition after he had chewed it : Likewife a
Gold Fountain with Water, to wafh his Mouth
after it. All prefent, held their Left-hand before
their Mouths, that their Breath might not reach
the King; before whom, it is reckoned offenfive
to fpit or fneeze.
De Gama’i DE GAMA , in approaching the Samortn,
Reception, bowed his Body three Times, with his Hands lift
up, according to the Cuftom of the Country. His f
Majefty looked on him kindly, but faluted him
fo flight, that the Motion of his Head could fcarce
be perceived. He made Signs to him to advance,
and caufed him to fit down near him. Then the
reft entering, and making their Reverence, he
commanded them to be feated oppofite to him,
3 Betele, <
East Indies
and Water to be brought to cool their Hands ; it 1498.
being very hot, although in Winter. After thisDe Gama,
he ordered Figs and Jakas to be given them, be-
ing well pleafed to fee them eat. On their calling
for Water to drink, a Golden Cup with a Spout,
was brought them : And being informed, that
the Malabar s reckoned it indecent to touch the
VefTel with their Lips when they drank, they, in
Compliance with the Cuftom, held .it at fome
Diftance above their Mouths ; but not being ufed
to that Method, the Liquor either over-charged
their Throats and made them cough, or falling
on one Side, wet their Cloaths, w'hich made Di-
verfion for the Court.
The Samovin , bv his Interpreter, willed Delias Judi-
Gama to open his Bufinefs to his Officers prefent, !n Pn-
fo to be informed of it by them : But the Gene-*"'1'
ral giving him to underftand, that he could not
with Honour recede from the Cuftom in Ufe
among the Chrijiian Princes of Europe , which
was to hear Ambafladors themfelves, and that in
Prefence of only a few of their chief Counfellors ;
the King faid, he liked the Method very well,
and ordered De Gama and Fernan Martinez , (who
adted as Interpreter) to be conduced into another
Apartment like the firft, where the King fol¬
lowed with only his Interpreter, the chief Bramen ,
his Betel Server, and the Comptroller of his
Houfehold. Being feated on hisEftrade, he afk-
ed De Gama , what Country he came from, and
the Occafion of his Coming ? The Anfwer was,
that he was an Ambaflador of the King of Por¬
tugal, the greateft Prince for Power and Riches
in all the Weft; who having heard, that there
were Chrijiian Kings in the Indies , of whom, by
Report, the King of Kalekut was Chief, he had
thought fit to fend an Ambaflador to fettle a
Trade and Friendfhip with him : That his King’s
PredecefTors, for threefcore Years paft, had at¬
tempted to difeover India by Sea, but none of his
Captains had been able to compafs that Defign
till then : That he had two Letters from his So¬
vereign, which he would deliver next Day, it
being then late ; and had Orders to tell his Ma¬
jefty, that the King his Mafter, was his Friend
and Brother ; and hoped, in Consideration he had
fent fo far to feek his Friendfhip, that in cafe his
Majefty accepted thereof, he would fend his Am-
baflador to Portugal to confirm the fame ; fo that
for the future they might correfpond continually
by their Ambafladors.
DE GAMA having delivered what he had to The King's
fay, the Samorin told him, he was welcome : Anfw(r.
That fince the King of Portugal would be his
Friend and Brother, he would be the like to him,
and fend an Ambaflador to him forthwith. Then
he inquired particularly concerning the King’s
>r Betel,
Power }
By the Por
1489. Power ; how far Portugal was from Kalekut ; and
De Gama, how long De Gama had been on the Voyage.
After this, it being late in the Night, and the
General choofing to lodge in a Houfe by himfelf,
rather than with either Moors or Cbrijlians , the
Samorin ordered his Factor, a Moor , to go with
him and provide whatever he fhould have Occa-
fion for. He was accompanied alfo by the Kut-
wal and his Attendants as before : But on the
Way there fell fuch a heavy Rain, that they were
forced to houfe a while at the Factor’s, who
would have lent him a Horfe ; but being without
a Saddle, he chofe rather to go on Foot to his
Lodging, whither his Men had already carried
his Baggage.
SECT. IV.
The Moors Intrigues ogainjl the General. He is
confined, by the Kutwal.
Pe Gama’i T EXT Morning, De Gama refolving to
dijilhgcd. make the S amor in a Prefent, fent for the
factor and Kutwal to infpedt them firft. The
Prefent confifted of four Pieces of Scarlet, fix
Hats, four Branches of Coral, fix Almafares, a
Parcel of Brafs, a Cheft of Sugar, two Barrels of
Oil, and two of Honey. At Sight of thefe
Things, the Fadtor and Kutwal laughed, faying,
it was not a Prefent fit for the King ; that the
pooreft Merchant who came to that Port gave a
better : In fhort, that if he would needs make
the King a Prefent it fhould be in Gold ; for
that he would not accept of any Thing elfe. De
Gama , being offended with their Behaviour, re¬
plied with fome Refentment, that if he had come
there to trade, he would have brought him Gold,
but that he was no Merchant but an Ambaffador ;
that the Prefent was from himfelf, not the King
his Mafter, who not knowing that fuch a Prince
as the Samorin was in being, had fent no Prefent
for him : But that when he fhould be certified,
that there was fuch a Monarch at Kalekut , he
would, no doubt, with the next Ships, fend him
Gold, Silver, and other Goods of Value. The
Fadfor and Kutwal faid, it might be fo ; but that
it was the Cuftom there for every Stranger, who
came to fpeak with the King, to make a Prefent
fuitable to his Dignity. De Gama anfwered, that
it wras fit the Cuftom fhould be obferved ; and
that for the fame End, he propofed to make the
King that Prefent, which would have been bet¬
ter/but for the Reafon above-mentioned; and
therefore defired, that he might be fuffered to
carry it to the King, otherwife he would fend it
aboard again.
'Threaten to They faid, he might fend it on board as foon
tGtrfrlditi. as Jie pRafed; for that they would not content to
its being carried to the King. De Gama much
VfiL. I. N° ,2.
T0GCEZE, 33
a incenfed, told them, that fince he could not have 14^9*
their Confents, he would go himfelf and fpeak toCe Ganu<
the King; and in the mean Time, would imine-
dhtely return to his Ships: Propofing this Way
to inform the King of w’hat had palled. They
approved of his going to Court ; but faid, they
bad a little Bufincfs to do in the City, and defired
he would ftay till they returned, fince the King
would not be pleafed, that he fhould go to the
Palace without them. De Gama promifed to wait
b for them; but they came not all that Dav.
The Truth was, they were gained by the Mocrsy
who had gotten Intelligence from the Coaft of
Africa , of what the Porlugucze had done there ;
and that their Coming was to difeover Kalekut .
Bontaybo told them, they came not to difeover
Kalekut , but to fettle a Trade there, and carry
back Spices to their own Country, where there
was Store of Gold ; and which was frequented
by Merchants, who came to India by Way of
c the Red-Sea ; that therefore their eftablilhing a
Trade at this Place, would redound much to the
Samorin' s Intereft.
This they allowed ; but were the more alarm- Mallet cf
ed at what they heard ; fince, faid they, fhould
thefe Strangers, who are Chrijliansy once get
Footing in Kalekut , the Price of our Commodi¬
ties will fall confiderably, and our Trade be ruin¬
ed. Hereupon, they confulted how to ruin the
General’s Credit with the Sainoriny fo as to in-
d duce him to feize his Ships, and deftroy all the
Men, that they might not carry back any Ti¬
dings of Kalekut. To bring this about, fome of
the Principal among them, repaired to the Samo¬
rin, , and cautioned him not to be deceived by his
new Gueft ; alluring him, that he was no Ambaf¬
fador, but a Pirate, who had committed the great-
eft Outrages at Mozambik , Mo}nbaJJay Melinda y
and other Places on the Coaft of Africa , of which
their Fa&ors had fent them Notice, Fearing this
e would not have the full Effedf, they got the Kut -
wal, who was in great Credit with the King, to
fecond their Attempt, and alledge the Poornefs of
the Prefent, as a Proof of De Gama being no
Ambaffador. Mean while they went to the Ge¬
neral’s Lodging, under Pretence of Friendfhip,
to advife him what to do; and recommended the
making a Prefent above all Things: This they
did to move De Gama to fhew them that which
he had prepared, in order to undervalue it. Ac-
f cordingly being fhewed it, they told him, that
the Factor and Kutwal , had Reafon to be d if—
pleafed with it; and advifed him not to fend it
by any Means, left the King fhould take it as done
to affront him. Bontaybo was of the fame Mind,
wondering how it happened, that he was no bet¬
ter provided, feeing Portugal afforded Plenty of
all Things. DeGama, mortified at thefe Speeches,
Y wifick
34
1489-
De Gama.
The Sarr.onn
prejudiced,
Voyages to the East Indies
For Want
cf a P.re-
Jent.
Is plea fed
•with the
Ktngls Lit
ter.
which he took to proceed from Friendfhip, al-
ledged in Excufe, the fame Reafon he had given
'the Kutwal.
I t was the Afternoon next Day, before this
Officer and the Factor came near the General ;
and when he refented their Treatment, they took
no Notice of it, but talked of other Matters, and
went with him to Court. As the King’s Mind
had been much changed by Yefterday’s Report,
he kept De Gama waiting three Hours before he
fent for him in; and when he was admitted,
(without any of his Men being fuffered to enter)
the King .old him with an angry Countenance,
that he had waited for him all the Day before.
De Gama’s Excufe was, that he had been fatigued
with his Journey, being unwilling to tell him the
true Caufe, left” it fhould bring the Prefent into
Queftion. But the King, who had been talked
to on that Subjeft, as related before, immediately
ftarted it, afking him, how it could happen, that
if he came as Ambaftador from fo great and rich c
a Prince, as he faiu his Mafter was, that he
brought no Prefent from him ; for that he could
not tell what to make of an Embaffy of Friend¬
fhip, without fuch a neceflary Credential.
DE GAMA made the old Apology; adding,
that his Majefty might be fure his Sovereign would
fend him a noble Prefent, in cafe he lived to carry
back the News of his Difcovery. The Samorin
then demanded, Whether his M after fent him to
difeover Stones or Men? If the latter , added he, d
why did he fend me no Prefents by you ? But ftnee ,
fays he, you have brought me none , I hear you have
a Saint Mary in Gold , and defire I may have that.
De Gama , a little confounded at this Demand,
replied, that The Image , he was told of was not of
Gold but Wood gilded ; but never ih clefs, as it had
preferved him at Sea , he defired to be excufed from
parting with it. The King made no Anlwer to
this; but afked for the Letters ; one of which
■ was written in Portugueze , the other in Arabic, e
De Gama fufpicious of the Moor’s Integrity, de¬
fired he might have Chrijlian Interpreters for the 1489*..
Arabic ; but none being to be found, he propo-Dc Gama,
fed Bontaybo for one, which was granted. The''— 1
Moors , having firft conned the Letter over among
themfelves, read it aloud, the Purport whereof
was, that As foon as it was known to the King of
Portugal, that the King of Kalekut, one of the
might reft Princes of all the Indies, was a Chriftian,
he was deftrous to cultivate a Trade and Friendjhip
with him , for the Conveniency of lading Spices in his
Ports ; for which , in Exchange , the Commodities of
Portugal fhould be fent , or elfe Gold and Silver , in
cafe his Majefty chofe the fame ; referring it to the
General , his Ambaftador, to make a farther Re¬
port.
The Sarnorin, whofe Intereft it was to encou -inclines to
rage the Refort of Merchants, feemed well plea fedgraftL:j’ft
with the Letter, and putting on a more friendly^*'3 ra e'
Countenance, began to inquire about the Com-
modites of Portugal ; which De Gama gave hiim
an Account of: Acquainting him at the .fame
Time, that he had brought Samples of them all:
to ftiew his Majefty, if he would only give him
Leave to fetch them from on board, and offered,
to leave four or five of his Men behind, till his
Return. The King replied, there was no Ne-
ceffity for his Mens Stay; and bid him bring his
Merchandize on Shore, with the Liberty to fell
them to beft Advantage. The Kutwal had Or¬
ders to attend him to his Lodgings a.
Next Day, being the laft of May , the Kut-^,jef^ft
wal fent De Gama a Horfe; but being without^’ rea*
Furniture, he defired inftead thereof, an open
Chair, which was fent. In this he was carried
to Pandarane , accompanied by feveral Nayres.
The Moors, finding the General was going to his
Ships, and apprehending he would not land any
more, went in Hafte to the Kutwal, who ftaid
behind in Kalekut, and prevailed on him, by a
large Bribe, to purfue De Gama, and detain him
Prifoner, that they might have an Opportunity to
kill him ; engaging to obtain his Pardon of the
* De Faria reprefents what paffed at this fecond Interview or Audience, fomewhat differently. It was won¬
derful, (fays theHiftorian) that the Sarnorin not knowing how to proceed, becaufe there was none to fatisfy him >
properly of the Truth of the Bufinefs, fhould refolve to rely on the Faith of him, whom his Minifters accufed :
For, as if he had known (continues De Faria) how odious a Lie, though to their Advantage, was to the Portuguese,
he fent for Vafco de Gama, declaring to him at large, how he was informed his Embaffy was counterfeit ; and
that he was fome banifhed or fugitive Perfon : At the fame Time making him great Offers of a kind Reception
in cafe it was fo; and promifing to rely on his Information for the Truth of the Whole. The Portuguese Com¬
mander heard the King with a great deal of Firmnefs in his Countenance, and declared himfelf highly fenfible
of the Confidence his Majefty repofed in him : Then in a moft learned Speech, he made Anfwer, overthrowing
by ftrong Arguments, all that had been laid to his Charge: And concluded with the fame Gravity and Compo-
fednefs, which he had preferved throughout his long Harangue. The King, who had kept his Eyes fixed upon
him all the Time, hoping by exterior Signs to difeover the 'Fruth of his Aflcrtions, concluded from the Uncon-
cemednefs of his Looks, the Elegance of his Words, and Gravity of his Perfon, that there could be no Deceit
couched under, fuch fmcere Appearances ; that the Moors proceeded malicioufly; and that his Minifters were im-
pofed upon. Thereupon, he very frankly bid De Gama return to his Ships, and land his Merchandize, if he
had brought any; adding, that while he was difpofing thereof, he would prepare fuch an Anfwer for the King
of Portugal, as fhould be to his Satisfaction.
King,
By the Pgr
1489. King, for a&ing contrary to his Orders. The
T>. Gama. Kutwal undertook the Affair ; and having over-
«— ' taken De Gama , who was gotten a great Way
before his Men, unable to walk faft for the Heat,
afked him, by Signs, why he made fuch Hafte?
and if he was running away ? De Gama anfwer-
ed, he was running away from the Heat. Being
got to Pandarane , it was Sun-fet before his Men
came up. As foon as they arrived, he demanded
a Boat or Pinnace to go on board. The Kutwal
would have dilluaded him, by Reafon the Ships
were at a great Diftance, and it being dark, he
might mifs of them. De Gama told him, it look¬
ed as if he had a Mind to flop him, and was not
kind Ufage from one Chrijlian to another; threaten¬
ing to return, and complain to the King, if he
did not immediately provide him a Veffel. The
Kutwal pretended, he only advifed what he thought
beft, and faid he might have twenty Almadias if
he had a Mind ; fending at the fameTime to look
for fome, but giving private Orders to the Boat¬
men to keep out of the Way. The General,
fufpe&ing fomeTreachery, fent three Sailors„along
the Shore to bid Coello (if they faw him) keep off
with his Boats. The Time being thus delayed,
he confented to flay there all Night: But in the
Morning, the Kutwal, inftead of bringing a Boat,
required him to order his Ships nearer Shore.
Though this Demand put De Gama in Fear, yet
heanfwered, that fo long as he was on Land, he
would give no fuch Order ; fince his Brother
would thence conclude, he was detained a Pri-
foner, and fo would return to Portugal without
him.
vfines De The Kutwal , and the reft of them, told him,
Gama. with an imperious Tone, that if he would not do
what theydemanded, hefhould notgo on board. At
this, appealing offended, De Gama made Anfwer,
that if they offered to hinder him, he would re¬
turn to Kalekut , and complain to the King : But
in cafe his Majefty thought fit to detain him, he
(hould be very well pleafed to ftay in the Country.
The Kutwal replied, he might go and make his
Complaint as foon as he would : But at the fame
Time to prevent it, ordered the Doors of his
Lodging to be kept (hut, and feveral Nayres to
(land Guard within, with their naked Swords.
There were others likewife without to oppofe the
Portuguese, in cafe they (bould attempt to force
their Way : However, Fear reftrained him from
laying violent Hands on De Gama. His Defign,
in having the Ships brought to the Shore Side was,
to give the Moors an Opportunity of boarding
them, and deftroying the Men : But finding De
Gama would not fuller it, he defired, that their
Sails and Rudders might be landed. At which the
General laughed, and faid, he would do no fuch
Thing, fince the King had given him Leave to
go aboard without any Condition : Adding, that
TUGUEZE. 35
a he might do his word: ; and that his Majefty 1489.
(hould be acquainted with all the Injuries he bad De Gama,
received from him. But although both he and
hisMen put the beft Face upon it, they were under
great Fear.
A t length, pretending to be out of Vi&uals,
the General would have had the Kutwal let his^jr^
Men go to fetch fome, but he refufed. This
doubled their Apprehenlions, At the fame Time,
one of the Sailors returned, and acquainted him,
b that he had met with Coello , who waited for him
with his Boats. De Gama did all he could to
conceal this Piece of News from the Kutwal , and
fend back the Sailor privately to apprize Coello of
the Condition he was in, and order him in Hafte
to the Ships to prevent a Surprize. He was fcarce
put off, when the Kutwal coming to the Know¬
ledge of it, fent feveral armed Almadias in pur-
fuit ; but they could not overtake him. After
this, the Kutwal preffed De Gama again to write
c to his Brother to bring the Ships near the Shore :
But the General told him, if hefhould, his Bro¬
ther would not obey fuch Orders ; and in cafe he
(hould be willing, thofe who were with him.
Would not confent to it. The Kutwal replied,
he (hould’never make him believe fo much; for
that he well knew, whatever he commanded,
would be obeyed.
The Day being fpent in this Sort of Parley, HisDtfgn
at Night they were put into a great Yard encom -fruftrated,
d pafl'ed with Walls, under a ftronger Guard than
before. This made them apprehend they (hould
be feparated next Day. It was imagined th eKut-
wdl’s Defign was, to extort a Prefent. 1 hat
Night he would needs fup along with the General,
for which Purpofe, Rice and Hens had been pro¬
vided ; and wondered as much to fee they bore
their Confinement fo patiently, as at the General’s
Refolution in refufing to comply with his Demand.
Next Day, he told De Gama , that fince he had
e promifed the King to bring his Merchandize to
Land, he fhould command them to be brought >
faying, it was the Cuftom for all Ships, as foon as
they arrived at Kalekut , to land both their Goods
and Men, who were not to return on board till
all were fold. However, he faid, as foon as the
Merchandizes came alhore, he would fuffer him
to go to his Ships. Although De Gama had no
Dependance on the Kutwdl’s Words, yet he told
him he would fend for them, provided he would
furni(h Almadias or Pinnaces ; for that he knew
his Brother would not fend the Ships Boats, unlefs
he was aboard himfelf.
The Kutwal confented to this Propofal, in Aims tb feint
f Hopes to get all the Goods himfelf ; and DeGamathc 6cW'*
difpatched two of his Men with a Letter, to let
his Brother know the Terms which he and the
Kutivdl were come to : That though he was con¬
fined, he wasotherwife well ufedj that he (hould
fend
36
Voyages to the East Indies
1489.
De Gama.
De Gama
released.
Samonn’j
Kitidtiejs.
Faftory at
Kalek.t.
fend Part of the Cargo on Shore; and in cafe a
afterwards the Kutwal detained him, he fhould
'then think he was kept Prifoner by the Samorin’s
Command, in order to gain Time for arming his
Ships to feize theirs: And therefore, in fuch Cafe,
advifed him ( Paul de Gama) to return forthwith
to Portugal, to inform the King, and counfel him,
to fend a ftrong Fleet that might refcue his Sub¬
jects out of Slavery, and fecure the Trade of a
rich Country fo luckily difcovered.
b
SECT. V.
De Gama is fet at Liberty. The SamorinV DiJ/i-
mulation , and Letter to the King of Portugal.
PAUL DE GAMA fent the Goods imme¬
diately; letting the General know, that he
would not return without him ; and that if they
did not releafe him forthwith, he would force
them to it with his Ordnance. The Goods be¬
ing landed, the Kutwal , after making Friends c
with the General, let him go to his Ships. When
he was gotten on board, he refolved neither to go
aihore any more, nor fend more Goods, till he
under flood thofe which had been already landed,
were fold. This was a great Vexation to the
Moors , who faw him now more out of their
Reach; yet, to do him what Hurt they could,
they began to undervalue his Merchandizes, and
hinder the Sale. Mean Time, the General, by
his Factor Diego Diaz , acquainted the King with d
his Reafons for fo atting, and the Injuries that
had been done him by the Kutwal , as well as the
Moors.
The King feemed to be much incenfed, and
promifed to punifh the Offenders, and fend fome
Merchants to buy the Goods. This laft was per¬
formed, though not the firft; for the Kutwal
was not confined : But feven or eight Guzarat
Merchants came ; and with the Factor, an honeft
Nayre, to remain in the Fa£tory, and not fufter e
a Moor to come near it. But as this was only to
put the better Glofs on Things, and the Guza-
rats were, underhand, gained by the Moors , they
bought nothing; and rather leffened the Value of
the Commodities. After this, the Moors were
more inveterate againft the Portugueze than be¬
fore; fo that whenever any of them landed, (as
if it was an Injury done to them) they would fpit
on the Ground, by Way of Contempt, and cry
Portugal! Portugal! At which the Men, as they f
were ordered, would only laugh, to fhew how lit¬
tle they regarded their Malice.
D E G AMA finding the Goods did not go off,
fuppofed there were no Merchants in the Place;
and therefore fent to defire of the King Liberty
for removing them to Kalekut , which was grant¬
ed ; and the Kutwal ordered to have them carried
thither,, and provide a Houfe to depofit them, all
at his Majefty’s Expence. But ftili the General 1489.
would not land again: 1 o which he was alfo ad- ke Gama,
vifed by Bontaybo', who, in his frequent V ilits, ' - ' v —
told him, that the King was apt to change his
Mind, and might therefore be influenced by the
Moors , who were in great Credit with him. De
Gama always rewarded this Moor for his Intelli¬
gence: But was upon his Guard to him as well as
the reft; nor ever let him know what he intend¬
ed to do. The Goods being removed to Kalekut ,
the General gave his Men Liberty, by 1 urns, to
fee the City, where they were kindly received by
the Gentiles ; and fold their Goods with the ut-
1110ft Freedom. The Natives, on the other hand,
daily reforted to the Ships in Boats, to fell Provi-
fions ; and many out of mere Curiofity ;. who
were kindly entertained by the General’s Order,
the better to ingratiate himfelf with the King.
Thus Matters went quietly on till the tenth ot De Gama.
Augujl , when the Seafon for returning from the '* the
Indies being come, De Gama , with the Advice of
his Council, fent Diaz , hisFa&or, to the King,
with a Prefent of Scarfs, Silks, Coral, and other
Things; and to notify his Intention to depart:
Defiring, in cafe he was difpofed to fend an Am-
b.iffador to Portugal, that he might be difpatched.
He likewife acquainted him, that he defigned to
leave his Factor and Secretary at Kalekut , with
the Goods that were there, to remain till the Ar¬
rival of the next Fleet from Europe : And laftlv,
as Confirmation of his having been in India , he
requefted that the King would fend his Mafter a
Bahar of Cinnamon, another of Cloves, and a
third of Spices, which fhould be paid for out of
the firft Goods that were fold,.
After waiting four Days, Diaz was at length#/* Faiiv
admitted to the Prefence of the King ; who look -JllKed‘
ing on him with a frowning Countenance, afked
what he wanted ? Diaz, in great Fear, delivered
his Meffage ; and then going to offer the Prefent,
the Samorin would not fee it ; but ordered it to
be delivered to his Fa£tor. As to the General,
his Anfwer was, that if he would needs go away,
he might; but that before he went, he fhould
pay him 600 Sbarafins , according to the Cuftom
of the Port. Diaz , on his Return, feeing him¬
felf accompanied with feveral Nayres , looked up¬
on it as a good Sign : But as foon as he arrived
at the Factory, they placed themfelves to guard the
Door, and would not fuffer any to go out. After
this, Proclamat?on was made through the City,
forbidding any Perfon whoever, to go on board the-
Fleet under Pain of Death. For all this Bontaybo
went, and bid the General be on his Guard ; af-
furing him, that all the feeming Courtefy of the
Kins;, was only a Bait to draw him and his Men
afho're, in order to deftroy them : For that the
Moors had perluaded him the Portugueze were Pi¬
rates,. and came with no other Intention, than
to
1489.
De Gama.
He makes
Rcfrifah,
7b; King
Ig¬
norance.
The Faflor
delivered.
By the Por
to carry off by Force fuch Merchandizes as were a
brought to the City; and to pry into the Strength
of the Country, in order to return with a Fleet
fuflicient to invade it.
This Information was confirmed by two
Malabar's ; and in the Night a Negro Servant of
Diaz arrived in a Fifher-boat to inform De Ga¬
ma of what had happened : But though much
incenfed at it, he propofed to wait a little to fee
the Ilfue. Two Days after there came aboard a
fingle Almadia , with four Boys, who bringing b
Precious Stones to fell, the General took for
Spies ; but feemed to be ignorant of what had
palled in Kalekut , and would not feize them,
thinking to allure others of more Confequence
aboard. This had the Effedl, for the Samorin
imagining from hence, that De Gama knew no¬
thing of the Imprifonment of his Factor and
Secretary, fent People on board to amufe him,
till fuch Time as he could fit out a Fleet, or the
Ships of Mekka fhould arrive to take him. At c
length there coming fix principal Malabar s , and
fifteen others, their Attendants, he ordered them
to be feized ; and fent back two of the Pinnace-
Men with a Letter, in the Malabar Tongue,
to the King’s Faflor, demanding his Faflor and
Secretary in Exchange.
This Letter being (hewed the Samorin , he
ordered his Faflor to take the Prifoners home
with him, that he might not feem to have had
any Knowledge of their Seizure; and from thence d
to fend them to the General: But not arriving as
foon as he expefled, De Gama , on the 23d, let
fail and came to Anchor in an open Road, four
Leagues below Kalekut , where he waited three
Days ; and feeing none came near him, put to
Sea almofl out of Sight of Land. Here a Boat
with Malabars came aboard, who told the Ge¬
neral, that they came to let him know his Peo¬
ple were in the King’s Palace, and would be
with him next Day. De Gama told them they e
mull bring him his Men or Letters from them
inftantly ; that if they came again without either
he would fink them ; and if they came not at all
would cut off the Heads of thofe he had feized.
As foon as the Boat was departed, he turned his
Ships towards Shore, and came to Anchor over
againft Kalekut.
Next Day they deferyed feven Almadias ,
which made up to the General’s Ship ; in one
of which was Diaz and Braga , whom the Ma- f
labors put into the Ship- boat, and then withdrew ;
not daring to come near, waiting for the Gene¬
ral’s Anfwer. Soon as the Samorin was inform¬
ed of the Ship’s Departure, he fent for Diaz
from his Faflor’s Houfe ; and, as if he knew
nothing of his Imprifonment, afked him what
was the General’s Reafon for detaining his Peo¬
ple? Diaz having told him, he faid the General
TUGUEZE,
37
was in the right of it. Then he afked if his 1489.
Fail or had extorted any Gift from him; faying, De Gama;
that he well knew he had ordered his Predeceflor ^
in that Office to be put to Dea-th for taking Mo¬
ney from the Merchants. Then he bid Diaz
defire the General to fend him the Stone (with
a Crofs and the Arms of Portugal cut on it)‘
which he had promifed him, that he might get
it fet ; and let him know, if he was willing to
leave him ( Diaz ) to be his Fadlor in Kalekut.
By De Braga alfo he fent a Letter to the King
of Portugal. It was written by Diaz on a Palm-
tree Leaf, and figned by the Samorin ; and was in
thefe laconic Terms. Vafco DeGama , a Gentleman
of thy Houfe, came to my Country, of whofe Com¬
ing I was glad. In my Country there is Plenty of
Cinnamon , Cloves, Pepper and Precious Stones.
7 he Things which I am defirous to have out of thy
Country , are Silver, Gold, Coral and Scarlet.
DE GAMA perceiving the Samoriris Infin-
cerity, returned no Anfwer, farther than that htboard. ^
fent back all thofe that were Nayres, but kept
the reft till all his Merchandize was reftored. He
alfo fent the King the Stone he afked for. Next
Day Bontaybo came aboard, and told the Gene¬
ral that the Kutwal, by the King’s Order, had
feized all his Effedls, faying he was a Chrijliarr,
and had been fent overland by the King of Por¬
tugal as a Spy : He added, that he knew it was
all done by the Procurement of the Moors ; and
that not doubting as they had taken his Goods
they would injure his Perfon, he had fled away
to avoid their Malice. De Gama was glad of his;
Coming, and ordered a Cabin for him; telling
him, when he came to Portugal he fhould meet
with ample Amends for the Lofs of his Goods..
Ajfter this there came three Alonadias , with^^^‘^''
certain Scarfs layed on the Benches, which they
fayed was all the Merchandize; defiring the Ma¬
labars might be delivered them in Return. But
De Gama perceiving it was only a Trick, told
them he would have none of their Merchandize,
but would carry the Malabars to Portugal, to-
confirm his Difcovery : He added, that he would
fhortly return to Kalekut, and then the King
fhould know whether the Chrijlians were Thieves*
as the Moors had perfuaded him, at whofe Infli-
gation he had done them much Wrong.
SECT. VL
De Gama leaves Kalekut, and returns to Por¬
tugal.
T\ E GAMA immediately departed.. TvvsDeCama
■BJ Days after, being becalmed, a League from Ka'
Kalekut there advanced towards them fixty Tonys
full of Soldiers, fent by the Samorin to take the
Ships ; but by means of the Ordnance, and a Gale
which lprung up, the Fleet got clear, the Mala-
&ar?
3 8 Voyages to the
1489. bars following them for an Hour and half. It a
De Gama, was lucky for the Portuguese that they arrived at
' Kale kilt in Winter, when the King’s Fleet, which
was numerous, was hauled up; tor had it been
Summer, when his Veflels are at Sea, their Ships
might have been eafily deftroyed.
East Indies
their Ordnance. Next Day fome of the Natives 1489.
who came in an Almadia told De Gama that thofe De Gama.
Ships were fent by the King of Kalekut to take L— - v"—
his a.
From hence he went to a little Ifland, with c»mes
four others about it called Anfandiva b, or the fivec!ie
TVritet to the Notwithstanding thefe Injuries receiv- Iflands, in the Malabar Language. It is about two
*ta Mar a.
Samorin. C(J from the Samorin , the General having the
Good of the next Ships that fhould be fent to In¬
dia , in view, thought fit to fend him a foothing
Letter, which was written in Arabic by Bontay- b
bo\ wherein he made an Apology for carrying a-
way the Malabar s , and not leaving a Factor be¬
hind, on Account of the Moors : With great
Tenders of Service on his own Part. He far¬
ther allured him, that the King his Mailer would
be glad of his Friendlhip, and fend him, by the
next Fleet, Plenty of the Merchandizes he de¬
manded ; concluding, that the Trade which his
City would thenceforth have with the Portuguese,
would redound greatly to his Advantage. This c
Letter was fent by one of the Malabars , and
was delivered to the King.
vCcww.TSan- de GAMA, continuing his Voyage along
the Coall, two or three Days after, entered with
his Fleet among certain little Hands, from one
of which there came feveral Pinnaces with Filh
and other Vi&uals. The Portuguese treated the
People kindly, and having given them Shirts and
other Things, with their Leave, fet up a Crofs,
.and called the Place el Padrcn de Santa Maria. <
A Week after, on the 19th of September , he an¬
chored at fix little Hands near the Shore, where
they got excellent Water ; and the People from
Land brought Hens, Gourds and Milk, faying
the Country abounded with Cinnamon ; and
fome Portuguese who were fent to know the
Truth, brought word that they faw a whole
Wood of wild Cinnamon.
Some of the Men, who went to cut Wood,
having leen two Boats near Shore, De Gama or- 1
dered a Sailor to look from the Main-top if there
were any more Veflels in Sight. The Man fay¬
ed he defcrved eight large Ships advancing for¬
ward. When they were within two Leagues,
the General made towards them ; which the o-
thers perceiving, fled to the Shore. Coello com¬
ing up with one of the Ships, boarded it, and
found it laden with Cocaos and Melaflus. He
alfo met with many Bows and Arrows, Swords
and Targets. The other feven Ships ran afhore ;
but the Portuguese Veflels not being able to come
near them (as being round bottomed) the Men
followed them in their Boats, battering them with
Attacked iby
lr nates.
Guns Shot farther, and but a League from Land.
Here they found many Woods, and two Conduits
of Freeftone, with excellent Water. This Hand
was formerly inhabited by Gentiles and adorned
with fair Buildings, efpecially th ePagods : But after
the Moors from the Red Sea began to trafic to
the Indies , they ufed to call here to take in Wa¬
ter and Wood, and abufed the Inhabitants to
fuch a Degree, that they were forced to remove to
the Continent, after they had pulled down their
Buildings ; nothing remaining then of the Pagod
but the Chapel : However, thofe on the Coaft,
which belonged to the King of Narftnga , had
fuch Devotion for it, that they reforted thither
frequently to worfhip three black Stones that flood
in the Middle of it.
Here the General refolved to careen his Ships, other Pirate*
While the fir ft was aground there came towards
them twTo Brigantines with Flags out, and their
Drums beating and Trumpets founding : There
were five others along the Shore to aflift them in
cafe of Need. The Malabars gave the general
Notice that they were Pirates c, who, under Co¬
lour of Friendlhip, plundered all they met :
Wherefore as foon as they came within Gun Shot,
he ordered all his Ordnance to be fired at them ;
on which they retreated, crying, Tambarane !
Tambaratie ! that is, God ! God !
There came others frequently to view the
Ships, out of Curiofity, 2s they pretended, buC '^'
the General would not fuffer them. Among the
reft there was one in a little Paraw, who feemed
to be about forty, and not of that Country : For
he had on a Sabaco of fine Calico, which reach¬
ed to his Heels, and on his Head a Sort of Tur¬
ban, which covered Part of his Face alfo, and
at his Girdle a Simeter. As foon as he landed
he ran up to the General, and then to the other
Captains, and embraced them as familiarly as if
he had been their old Acquaintance; telling them
he was a Chrijlian , born in Italy , and that hav¬
ing been brought very young into India , belong¬
ed then to a Moor , named Sabay , who wa9
r Lord of an Hand called Goa , about twelve
Leagues diftant, wherein there were 20,000
Horfe; that although being among Moors , he
complied with their Worfhip, yet he was ftill in
a De Faria fays this Attack was made by a Pirate called Fimoja, (of whom frequent Mention will be made
hereafter) with eight fmall Veflels fo linked" and covered with Boughs of Trees, that they looked like a final!
floating Hand, and furprifed De Gama at firft Sight, not knowing what to make of it. b Rather An-
cbediva or avgc Diva. « This feems to have been Fimojaa Squadron, rather than the former.
2 his
By the Portuguez e.
X^2g. his Heart a Chriftian ; and hearing that there
P« Gaina. were arrived at Kalekut certain ftrange outlandish
Ships, whofe Men were cloathed from Head to
Foot, and fpoke a Language quite unknown in
the Indies , he prefently judged them to be Fran -
ghis a, and befought Sabay’s Leave to go fee them ;
which he not only had granted, but ordered him
to tell them that whatever his Country afforded,
was at their Service ; and that if they were dif-
pofed to fettle in his Dominions, he would pro¬
vide for them to their Satisfa&ion. In Conclufi-
on he defired a Cheefe to fend to a Companion
of his on Shore, in Token of his being well re¬
ceived.
CcnfeJJion Although this gave the General fome Suf~
txttrtcd, picion, yet he ordered him the Cheefe with two
Loaves, which he accordingly Sent afhore, and
continued talking to De Gama. As his being fo
full of Words encreafed their Jealoufy, the Ge¬
neral’s Brother afked fome of the Natives who
he was ? They informed him that he was a Pirate;
and had been aboard other Ships, which were
brought aground there before. Upon this the
General ordered him to be carried on board and
whipped to make him confefs who he was, and
the Defign of his Coming. The Whipping hav¬
ing had no Effedl, he ordered him to be hung by
the Genitals, and fo hoiffed up and let down by a
Pully. After the fourth Torture he confeffed that
he was a Spy, lent to difcover the General’s
Strength, who he faid was hated along that
Coaft, on account of being a Chriftian ; and
that there were Atalayas or Foifts placed in eve¬
ry Bay and Creek to fet upon him, as foon as
forty great Veffels, which were fitting out, fhould
appear. The General then ordered him to be
confined under Hatches, and looked after till he
was cured : Telling him he did not defign to make
a Slave of him ; but would carry him to Por¬
tugal , to give fome Account of the Country to his
King, who would reward him well for his Pains.
Neemes a ATf ter this De Gama refolved to leave thofe
Convert. Coaffs as faff as he could ; and the Ships being
ready in ten Days, fet fail the fifth of QRober :
But before his Departure he ordered the Veffel he
had taken to be burnt, though he had been of¬
fered iooo Fanons for it; faying, he would
fell npthing that belonged to his Enemies. When
they were gotten about 200 Leagues from the
Ifland, the Moor b finding there was no Remedy,
faid he would tell the whole Truth, declaring
that he did really belong to Sabay ; to whom
Word being brought, that the General was wan¬
dering about thofe Seas, like one who knew not
where he was, Orders were given to fit out a
39
a ftrong Fleet to take him ; that in the mean time 1499.
the Sabayo commanded him to repair to theDe Gama,
Bland to get Intelligence of the General’s Strength,
and alfo try if he could perfuade him to vifit
Goa ; in which Cafe Sabay intended to feize
them, hearing they were valiant, in order to
aftift him in his Wars againft the neighbouring
Princes. After this he was ufed kindly, had>
Cloaths and Money given him, and at length
became a Romanift , by the Name of Gafpar de
b Gama ; taking his Name from one of the three
Magi Kings [of Collen~\ and his Surname from
the General.
The Voyage to Melinda , where De Gama MiferUs.at
defigned to touch, to take in an Ambaflador,‘s<'a“
proved very dangerous and troublefome ; by rea-
fon of the continual Storms and contrary Winds
or Calms which they met with. The Heat al¬
fo was intolerable; which Inconveniences, joined
to the Tedioufnefs of the PalTage, brought on
c the Scurvy with fwelled Gums and Limbs, as at
the Rio de buenas Sinayes c. Their Bodies alfo-
broke out in Tumours, occafioned by a peftilent
foetid Humour, which threw them into a Flux,,
whereof thirty died. This ftruck the reft with,
fuch a Fear, that they gave themfelves up as dead'
Men ; Mafters, Pilots and all concluding that
Sort of Weather continually reigned in this Part
of the Ocean. De Gama reafoned with them to
no Purpofe ; they had been four Months at Sea,
d nor were there fixteen Men fit for Labour in each;
Ship : So that the other two Captains agreed to-
return to India , in cafe any Wind offered fit to
carry them. They had fcarce come to this Re-
folution, when a fair Gale fprung up, which in
fixteen Days brought them near the Land ; the
Sight whereof made them forget all their palled
Miferies.
This happened on February the fecond, in the Arrive ati
Evening, 1499. One of the Moors -was of Opinion Magadoxo.-.
c they were near Monzambik , becaufe he faid the
People of that Country were continually troub¬
led with the fame Diftemper that affliifted the
Pbriugueze : But next Morning they found them¬
felves before the City Magadoxo d;. which appear¬
ed very large and handfome, furrounded with
Walls, and in the Middle a great Palace that
flood very high. ’Tis 1 1 3 Leagues from Melin¬
da. , and being inhabited by Moors , the General
ordered the Ordnance to be fhot off, by way of
f Defiance,, as he palled along the Coaft, That'
they might not overfhoot Melinda , they came to
Anchor every Night ; and being arrived at a Vil¬
lage of Moors , within ten Leagues thereof, there
came from thence eight Terradas , or Boats of;
a The Name given by the Afiatics to all Europeans.
Signs with a Crofs from Shore, to get on board.
0 by the Portugueze .
b De Faria fays he was a Jew, who made
c Since called the Cuama , d Pronounced Ma-
thatc
4°
Voyages ^ the E a s t Indies
iAQf). that Country, full of Soldiers, dire&ly towards a
T>e Gama*, the Ships ; but the Ordnance thundered fo thick
l/VNJ among them, that they foon tacked about, and
fled. From hence they failed to Melinda. As
foon as they arrived, the King fent to vifit De
Gama , with a Prefent of Provifions, which the
General returned.
Ifland of Having {laid here five Days to refrefh his
Zonjibar. Men, t^e feventeenth of February he departed,
carrying with him the Ambaflador, whom the
King had before promifed to fend to Portugal, b
Four Days after, coming to the Shoals of St.
Raphael , he burnt the Ship of that Name, not
having Men enough left to man all the Y efTels a. .
'This took up five Days. I he twentieth, they
■got to the Ifiand Zenjibar , fix Degrees South ;
it lies but ten Leagues from Land, and is very
large : Near it are two others, Pemba and Mon-
fa , all very fertile, full of Orange Groves, and
ftored with Provifions. T he Moors who inhabit
them are of no great Force, but carry on a good c
Trade with Mombaffa for Guzarat Calico ; with
Sofa la for Gold, and with the Ifland of St. Lau¬
rence for Silver. The King (for each is govern¬
ed by one) fent De Gama a Prefent, with Oilers
of Friendfhip.
De Gama MARCH the fir ft, they departed, and call
Zifton 0t Anchor before the Iflands of St. George , without
concerning themfelves about the People of Mo-
zarnbik ; and the third came to the Ifland oi San
Bias, where they victualled with Sea-YVolves, d
and Solitarios. Sailing from thence with a fair
Wind, on tire twentieth they doubled the Cape
of Good Hope. After this a frefh Wind continu¬
ing for twenty Days, they made a great deal of
Way; and at length arriving near St. J ago, one
of the Cape Verde Iflands, Coello, being forward
to carry the King Tydings of the Difcovery,
flipped away b one Night, that he might get firft to
Portugal ; and on July the tenth, put into Cafcais.
The General coming to St. jago left his Ship, e
which was in very bad Condition, to be fitted
up, and hired a Caravel to proceed home. His
Brother, who had been long troubled with a
Pthyfic, growing worfe, he put in at Tercera;
* where, foon after Landing, Paul De Gama died,
and was buried. The General departing thence,
arrived at Belem in September 1499, two Years
and two Months from his firft fetting out. Of
108 Men who went with him, only fifty c re¬
turned alive.
The King, overjoyed at his coming, fent a 1 O.
Nobleman and feveral Gentlemen to bring him Cabral,
to Court ; where being arrived, through Crouds
of Spectators, he was received with extraord and reward-
ry Honour. For this glorious Piece of Scr - cd.
vice, the Privilege of being called Don was an¬
nexed to his Family : To his Arms was added
Part of the King’s, and at the Foot of. the Ef-
cutcheon, two Does, which are called Gamas.
He had a Penfion of 3000 Ducats yearly ; and
was afterwards prefented to greater Honours for
his Services in the Indies, where he will foon ap¬
pear again. Nicholas Coello was made a Fidalgo,
which is Noble, and had an Appointment of 100
Ducats fettled on him. The King alfo himfelf
augmented his Titles by Virtue of this new Dif¬
covery, {tiling himfelf, Lord of the Conquejl and
Navigation of /Ethiopia, Arabia, Perfia, and the
Indies.
There were public Thankfgivings through
the Kingdom, for the good Succefsof this Voyage,
to which fucceeded Feafts and Entertainments.
Thofe who had all along reprefented thefeDefigns
as impracticable, now grew afhamed of their
Oppofition, and became the moft zealous to re¬
commend them.
C LI A P. V.
Fhe Voyage of Pedro Alvarez Cabral, in 150^*
being the fecond of the Portugueze to India ; tak¬
en chief y from Caftanneda d.
SECT. I.
Brafil difeovered. A fupendous Storm. Pouch at
Quiloa and Melinda.
THE Expectation of the Portugueze being
raifed, with the Hopes of Profit upon thisMin.
great Succefs, it was refolved to profecute the
Eaftern Difcoveries: In order whereto, thirteen
Veflels, of different Sizes, were fitted out under
the Command of Pedro Alvarez Cabral , a Gen¬
tleman of great Merit, to w'hom, on the eighth
of March, 1500,- the King delivered the Flag
of theCrofs6. The Fleet contained 1200 Men,
with whom went eight Francifcan Friars, eight
Chaplains, and a Chaplain major. Their Inftruc-
tions were to begin with Preaching, and in cafe
that failed, to proceed to the Decifion of the
Sword. The Names of the Captains of the Ships
a De Faria tells this a different Wav; for he fays the St. Raphael ftruck on the Sands of that Name, and
was loft, but the Men were faved. ' b De Faria fays he was feparated by a Storm near Cape l erde, and
arrived at Lifbon, thinking De Gama had got home before him. c De Faria fays fifty five, and that
they were all rewarded by the King. ll There are in Gtynreus'' s Latin Collection, from p. 1 14. to p 224.
fome Letters relating to this Voyage of Cabral, who is there called Petrus Aliares. It was blelied by
*hc ffiihop of Vyfeu, who at the fume Time put on his Head a Cap, bleffed by the Pope, which he prefented
fti:n as a moft valuable Jewel.
were
By the P o r :
l^OO. were, Sancho de Toar , of Cabral's, VefTel ; Nicho- a
Cabral, las Coello ; Don Luis Coutinno ; Simon de Myfa-
randa ; Simon Layton ; Bartholomew Dyas , who
difcovered the Cape of Good Hope ; Diego Dyas ,
(his Brother, who had been Purfer to De Gama
in the former Voyage. ) The Captains of the Cara-
• vels, were Pedro de Ataide , and Vafco de Silveyra.
Ayres Correa was Fadfor of the Fleet, and was
to remain as fuch at Kalekut.
Cabral’ 5 In- jN cafe the King of Kalekut readily confent-
L‘K,'0hi' e(j t0 t]ie fettling of a Factory, Cabral wasfecretly
to importune him to prohibit the Moors from
trading thither, or in any other of his Ports; and
to promife on that Condition, to import from
Portugal , the fame Sorts of Commodities, better
and cheaper, than thofe the Moors brought. They
were alfo to touch at Melinda , on the Coaft of
Africa , in order to land the Ambaflador, ('brought
from thence by De Gama ) and fend the King a
Prefent.
Brafil firjl The ninth of March the Fleet fet fail from
difcovered. Belem, the King accompanying Cabral to the
Water-fide. The eighteenth they came in Sight
of the Canaries , and the twenty-fecond pafled by
St. Jago. The twenty-eighth De Ataydes Ship
was feparated, and no more heard of a. They
failed till the twenty-fourth of April , and then
difcovered Land ; which lying fo far to the Weft,
they concluded was fome Coaft, which De Ga -
7?z%had not feen in his Voyage. The Men who
were fent on Shore, brought Word that it was a
fruitful Country, full of Trees, and well inha¬
bited. The People were fwarthy, went naked,
and ufed Bows and Arrows. At Night a Storm
arifing, they ran along the Coaft to feek a Port ;
which having found, they called Puerto Seguro ,
or The Safe Port. Here Mafs was faid on Shore,
great Numbers of the Natives aftembling to look
on, who were very civil and merry. They
trucked Parrots for Paper and Cloth. fUabral
called this Country Tier r a de Santa Cruz, from
the Stone Crofs he erected, which after took the
Name of Braftl. Here he left two banilhed
Men, to inform themfelves concerning the Coun¬
try, and fent a Letter to Portugal, to acquaint
the King with this new Difcovery.
A Comet and MAY the fecond, they departed for the Cape
Stupendous of Good Hope, and the twelfth there appeared a
Storm. Comet in the Eaft, which for ten Days continu¬
ally encreafed, and was vifible both Day and
Night. This was the Forerunner of a violent
Storm, which rofe the twenty-third in the North-
Eaft, mixed with Rain ; it was fucceeded at
Night by a Calm. On the twenty-eighth it
bluftered again, that they were forced to take in
'UGllEZE, 41
their Sails: But a Water-fpout appearing to the 1 500.
North-Eaft, and a Calm enfuing, they not be- Cabral,
ing acquainted with fuch a Phaenomenon took it NJ
for a Sign of fair Weather; when on a fudden
fo furious a Wind fprung up, that not having
Time to furl their Sails, four Ships perifhed with
all their Men, among whom was Bartholomezv Dy¬
as, the Difcoverer of the Cape of Good Hope :
The other feven remained half full of Water, and
had funk, but that their Sails were torn. The Wind
' veering to the South-Weft, the Storm ftill con¬
tinued ; and in this Manner they were toft about
for two Days without Sails, the Day being fo dark,
that the Ships could not fee one another. Every
Moment they expected to be fwallowed up : But
the third Day the Wind abating, the Fleet join¬
ed again, and they began to hope all was over ;
when prefently after, the Wind coming about to
the Eaft and North-Eaft, began to blow with
greater Fury than ever, and the Waves to fwell
: as high as Monntains: So that one Moment the
Ships feemed to be tolled above the Clouds, and
the next to be plunged in the Bottom of the
Deep. This dreadful Tempeft continued for
twenty Days together; in the Day the Water
looked as black as Pitch, and at Night appeared
like Flames of Fire.
At length the Winds abating, they found pafs the
they had pafled the Cape of Good Hope during theCaPe-
Storm, which however had feparated four of the
1 Ships. The fixteenth of July they fell in clofe
with the Coaft of Africa in twenty-feven Degrees
South, which appeared to be populous ; yet none
of the Natives came to look at them, nor would
the General fuffer his Men to land, having no
Hopes of getting Provifion there. Running on
along the Shore, and being near Sofala (with
which as yet the Pilot was not acquainted) they
faw two Iflands, and near one of them two Ships
at Anchor, which, on Sight of the Portugueze ,
e made towards Shore ; but being purfued, were o-
vertaken, and yielded without Refiftance. They
belonged to Moors, and came from the Mine of
Sofala, laden for Melinda with Gold, moft of
which they threw into the Sea in their Flight.
The General treated the Commander courteouf-
ly, exprefied Sorrow for his Lofs, and reftored all
that was taken, as being a Relation of the King
of Melinda b, who was a Friend of the Portu¬
gueze.
f The Moor being willing to recover his Gold **
again, afked Cabral if he had any Witches a-^-10*
board, who might conjure it up from the Bot¬
tom of the Sea. The General anfwered, that
the Chriftians neither pradtifed nor believed in
1 De Faria fays, it was feparated near Cape Verde, in a Storm, and returned to P ortugal.
ftys, he was Uncle to that King, and named Sheikh Foteyma.
Vol. I, N° 2, G
b De Faria
Witch-
42
Voyages to the East Indies
1500.
Cabral.
Refufed
‘Trade there.
R
Mdinc’a.
option at
Witchcraft a. Being informed that he had over-
fhot Sofala , he proceeded, and the twentieth ar¬
rived at Mozambik , where he took in Water
and a Pilot to carry him to JJuiloa, an Ifland
100 Leagues beyond, in about nine Degrees
South, where he was joined to two of the fepara-
ted Ships. The Dominions of this Prince ex¬
tended from Cape Corientes almoft as far as Mom-
bajfa , near 400 Leagues of Coaft, which is very
populous and full of Towns, befides innumera¬
ble Iflands along it, that paid Taxes; yet for all
this he was of no great Power, not being able
to raife any confiderable Force. The Country
is very fruitful, and ftored with fmall Cattle:
The Water is excellent, ghiiloa is a Place of
great Trade for Sofala Gold, for which there is
great Refort of Merchants from Arabia Falix ,
and other Parts. The Ships here, as in all other
Places, were built without Nails, and done over
with wild Frankincenfe, inftead of Pitch; there
being none in thefe Parts.
Being arrived at the ancient and noble City
oi fjuiloa, (where Ibrahim , a Man renowned
among his People, and rich with the Trade of
Sofala , then reigned) the General fent to ac¬
quaint the King, that he was come with a Let¬
ter from the King of Portugal , and Merchan¬
dize, in order to fettle a Trade with him; defi¬
ring an Interview, and that it might be on the
Water ; he having had exprefs Orders not to
land. The King confented, and next Day met
him in a Pinnace, accompanied with many At¬
tendants in Boats, the Streamers flying, and
Trumpets founding. The King’s Letter being
read, the Sheikh confented to a Trade, and de-
ii red an Account of the Merchandizes might be
fent him next Day, promifing to give Gold in
Fxchange. But next Day, when the Fadlor
waited on him, he excufed himfelf from per¬
forming his Promife, alledging firft, that the
Goods were not for his Purpofe; fecondly, that
he fufpedted the General came with a Defign to
conquer his Country. The true Reafon was,
that finding they were Chrijlians , he had no
mind to have any Trade or Correfpondence with
them. The General after this Baulk, flayed
three or four Days, to fee if the King would
alter his Mind : But perceiving, that inftead of
complying with their Demands, he was fortify¬
ing himfelf for Fear of an Attack, it was re-
folved to go on to Melinda b, where they arrived
the fecond of Augujl.
Here they found three Moorijh Ships of Gu-
zarat , but the General would not fuffer them to
be attacked, in Friendfhip to the King of Me-
a linda. Being come to an Anchor, he faluted 1500.
the City with all his Ordnance. The King Cabral,
immediately fent to vifit him, with a Prefent of -v*"— 1
Provifion and Fruits, faying he might command
whatever his Country afforded. Cabral return¬
ed Thanks by a Meffenger, and gave him to urr-
derftand, that he came with a Prefent and Let¬
ter from the King his Mafter ; offering to ferve
him with his Fleet, wherever he fhould com¬
mand it. The Prefent was the rich Furniture
b of a Horfe. Ayres Correa, chief Fadlor of the
Fleet, being fent, with others, to carry the Let¬
ter and Prefent, was met by feveral Nobles at
the Water- fide before the Palace, attended by
Women with perfuming Pans ; and in this Man¬
ner he was conducted to the King, who was
much pleafed with the Letter, written both in
Portugueze and Arabic , and kept Correa to dif-
courfe with him about Portugal. Next Day the
King had an Interview with the General on the
c Water (the latter not caring to land.) He told him
how much he was infefted by the King of Mom- ' ‘
haffa, for admitting the Friendfhip of the Portu¬
gueze, and gave him two Guzarat Pilotsfor Kalekut.
Although the Palace flood near the Shore, Odd Super »
the King would needs ride down to the Water -ftition*
fide in his new Furniture. On this Occafion,
fome of his Courtiers had got a live Sheep at the
Foot of the Steps, before his Palace ; and while
the King was coming down, they opened its
d Belly and took out the Bowels, over which the
King rode, pronouncing certain Words : A fu-
perftitious Cuftom in this Place. The General
left with the King two banifhed Men to inform
themfelves of the Country ; one of thefe, who
was afterwards called Machedo , learned the Ara¬
bic, and went by Land to the Streights of Mek-
ka. From thence palling to Balagat, by Way
of Kambaya, fettled with Sabay, who was then
Lord of Goa, pretending to be a Moor ; and be-
c came afterwards very fcrviceable to Alonfo de Al¬
buquerque.
SECT. II.
Cabral arrives at Kaleku-t, and fettles a Faflory
there.
TH E leventh of Augujl, Cabral left Melin- Arrive at
da, and on the twentieth, arrived at An- Kalekut-
fadiva , [Anchediva'] where after waiting a few
T Days for the Ships of Mekka, and finding they
did not come, he proceeded on his Voyage ; and
the thirteenth of September, caft Anchor within
a League of Kalekut. Prdently there came a-
board feveral Pinnaces, with Provifions to fell ;
■* 1 nis was a great Falfity, lince no People are Hill more fuperftitious that Way, than moll: Popiffi Nations •
nor are we quite free from the fame Infatuation, notwith Handing the Statute in Favour of Witchcraft be reoealed’
Melinda is called by the Mohammedans in the Indies , Maland. *
^ and
By the Por
I too. afterwards feveral of the principal Nayres, a
Cabral.* with a Compliment from the Samorin , exprefling
much Satisfadfion at his Arrival, and making
great Offers of Friendfhip. Upon this Cabral
went nearer the City with his Ships ; and next
Day fent one Gafpar 3 to demand a fafe Condudl
for a Meffenger, and with him the four Mala-
b-ars , whom De Gama had carried away, dreffed
in the Portugueze Habit. The Citizens feeing
them return in good Health and Plight, were
very well pleafed; fo was the Samorin: But he b
would not fee them, as being but Fifhermen.
He received Gafpar very well, and gave Leave
for any one to come afhore who had a mind.
The General hereupon fent Alonfo Hurtado with
an Interpreter, to acquaint the King, that he
came from Portugal purely to fettle T rade and
Friendfhip ; and defired Hoftages that he might
wait on him in Perfon. The Pledges he defired
were the Kutvoal , and Arajhamenoka , one of the
principle Nayres. _ c
Cabral T h e King not caring to part with the Per-
Wi. fons reqUired, on Account of their Age and In¬
firmities, propofed to fend others in their Stead :
But afterwards, at the Inftigation of the Moors,
was againft fending any at all, upon the Puncti¬
lio, that the General’s Demand argued W ant of
Confidence in him. After three Days Debate,
the Samorin being overcome with the ProfpeCt of
the Advantages arifing from Trade, complied to
fend the Hoftages b : Whereupon the General <
refolved to wait on the King on Shore ; ordering
Sancho de Toar, whom he left to command in his
Abfence, to ufe the Hoftages well, but not to
deliver them to any who came to demand them,
although it fhould be in his Name.
1 lecqtionn The twenty-eighth of December, the King
Store. fent feveral of the principal Nayres , with many
Servants and mufical Inftruments to attend the
General: Who, being informed that the Samorin
waited for him in a Gallery built on Purpofe to
receive him, near the Water-fide, fet out in all
the State he could ; accompanied with the Boats
of the Fleet, and thirty of the principal Perfons
belonging to it. The Hoftages were very loath
to enter the Ship, till they faw the General land¬
ed, apprehending that as foon as they were aboard
he would return and detain them. While this Par¬
ley was on foot, Cabral landed ; on the Shore many
Kaymals, Pinakals, and other principal Nayres
waited for him. He was immediately taken up in a
Chair, and, accompanied with all his Attendants,
carried to the Serame, which was a Lodge, or
Hall, hung with Carpet of Alkatif\ at the farther
'UGUEZE. 43
End whereof the King c fat in an Alcove, like a 1500.
little Oratory. Over his Head hung the Cloth Cabral,
of State, of Crimfon Velvet ; and under and a- I/VNJ
bout him, were twenty Silk Cufliions.
H e had only a Piece of white Calico, em-TfcPama
broidered with Gold, about his Middle ; all ther n s
reft of his Body being naked. On his Head was
a Cap of Cloth of Gold. At his Ears hung
Jewels, compofed of Diamonds, Saphires, and
Pearls; two of which were larger than Walnuts.
His Arms, from the Elbow to the Wrift, and
his Legs, from the Knees, downwards, were
loaded with Bracelets, fet with infinite Precious
Stones of great Value. His Fingers and Toes
were covered with Rings. In that on his great
Toe was a large Rubie of a furprifing Luftre.
Among the reft there was a Diamond bigger than
a large Bean. But all this was nothing, in Com-
parifon to the Richnefs of his Girdle, made with
Precious Stones fet in Gold, which call a Luftre
; that dazzled every Body’s Eyes. Near the Sa¬
morin flood a Chair of State and his Litter, all
of Gold and Silver, curioufly made, and adorn¬
ed with Precious Stones. There were three Trum
pets of Gold, and feventeen of Silver, whole
Mouths were fet with Stones alfo : Not to men¬
tion the Silver Lamps and Cenfers fmoaking
with Perfumes, and his Golden fpitting Bafon.
Six Paces from him flood his two Brothers, who
were next Heirs to the Crown ; and a little far-
i ther feveral Nobles, all ftanding before him.
The General, on his Entrance, would have ^
gone up to kifs the Samorin’ s Hand : But being rat's Audi-
informed it was not the Cuftom there, he defift- ence'
ed, and took his Seat in a Chair placed near
the King ; which was the greateft Honour that
could be done him. He then delivered his Let¬
ter of Credit, written in Arabic : Which having
been read by the Samorin , the General delivered
his Melfage, importing, that the King of Por -
e tugal was defirous of the Samorin’ s Friendfhip,
and to fettle a Fadtory at Kalekut , which fhould
be fupplied with all Sorts of European Goods ;
requefting, that either in Exchange, or for ready
Money, his Ships might have Liberty to lade
with Spices. The Samorin feemed pleafed with
the Embaffy, and told the General, that the
King his Mkfter fhould be welcome to whatever
his City afforded. Whilft they were talking,
the Prefent was brought in, which confifted of
f a wrought Silver Bafon gilt, a Fountain of the
fame, a Silver Cup, with a gilt Cover, two
Wedges of Silver, four Cufliions, (two of Cloth
of Gold, and two of Crimfon Velvet) a Cloth
we are -
Vol. 1. p. 125.
Q 2
of
44
1500.
Cabral.
Liberty of
'Trade 7 rant
td.
Voyages to the East Indies
Unfeafot/able
BiJiruJh.
of State of the fame Velvet, ftriped, and bound
with Gold Lace, a very fine Carpet, and two
Pieces of Arras.
The Audience being over, the King told the
General, that he might retire, either to his Lodg¬
ings or Ships ; for that he was obliged to fend for
the Hoftages, who were not ufed to the Sea,
and he was fure would neither eat nor drink, fo
long as they were aboard : Adding, that if he
came next Day to conclude what was begun,
they fhould be fent on board again. But this
hopeful Beginning had like to have been fpoiled,
by an unreafonable Diftruft which happened to
prevail on both Sides. The General being come
to the Water-fide, a Servant belonging to one
of the Hoftages, bv Order of the Clerk and Con-
troler of the King’s Houfhold, went before, in a
Pinnace, to give them Notice, that the General
was coming on board. As foon as the Hoftages
heard this, they all leaped into the Water, in order
to get oft in the Pinnace : }b\it Ayres Correa jump¬
ing immediately into his Boat, tookfome of them j
but the reft got off, among whom was the Kut-
wdl. The General being come on board, or¬
dered the Hoftages that were taken to be put un¬
der the Hatches, that they might not run away j
and fent to the King to complain of the reft:
Laying the Blame on the Clerk and Controler ;
and promifing to deliver thofe he detained, as
foon as his Baggage, and the Men he had left
to take Care of it, were brought on board.
Next Day the Samorin, accompanied with
12,000 Men, came to the Water-fide, and fent
on board the General’s Men and Baggage : A-
long with whom went thirty Pinnaces, to fetch
back the Hoftages ; but none of them, through
Fear of being detained, durft venture near enough
to receive them. The Portuguese feemed alfo as
backward to venture to deliver them ; fo that
they remained ftill in Cuftody. However, next
Morning the General refolved to fend them afhore
in his own Boats, ordering the Men to land
them at a Diftance from the Pinnaces. While
they were preparing to put off with them, Arax-
amenoka , the oldeft of the Pledges, and another,
on a hidden, leaped into the Water ; the former
was taken again ; but the other, with five more
of them, efcaped. Cabral , furprifed at their
infincerity, [he (hould have blamed his ownDif-
truft, and theirs] ordered Arajhemenoka to be clofe-
ly watched : But noMeflenger coming to demand
him, for three Days, and the General obferving
that he eat nothing all the while, in Pity fent him,
with feveral Weapons belonging to the Mala -
1 bars , to the King; who thereupon ordered two i^oo.
Portuguese ftill on Shore, to be returned. Cabral.
Three Days more being elapfed, without'— -v — -J
hearing from the Samorin , the General re--fFajiory
folved to fend to know if he was inclined to fi-
nifh the Agreement already begun ; in which
Cafe he propofed to fend his chief Fa£tor afhore,
provided Hoftages were delivered, as before. E-
very one was fo poflefled with Fear, that Fran -
cifco Correa was the only Man aboard the Fleet,
> who would undertake to deliver this Meflage.
The King received Correa kindly ; faid he was
well pleafed to have the Trade fettled ; and made
no Difficulty to fend Hoftages : Naming for that
Purpofe two Nephews of a rich Gusarat Merchant,
who were immediately fent aboard ; and a hand-
fome Houfe provided for the Factor, Ayres Cor¬
rea , to lodge his Merchandize. And whereas
the Fadtor was not yet well known in the Coun¬
try, or acquainted with the Rules obferved in
Trade, and Prices of Commodities, the King
ordered the Grandfather of the Hoftages (to
whom the Houfe belonged) to inftrudt him there¬
in : But the Gusarat neglected his Orders, being
a Friend to the Moors ; who, by this Means, had
the Goods at their own Price ; the Gentiles for
Fear of them feldom going to the Fadtory. On
the other Hand Correa , for want of knowing
the Rates of Indian Merchandizes, always bid
more than they were worth, and fo bought them
too dear. The Moors likewife ordered it fo,
that whenever he went to fpeak to the Samorin ,
fome of them might be prefent to thwart his
Meafures. They alfo prevailed on [Kbojab] Satni-
fide*, Admiral of Kalekut , to hinder thofe be¬
longing to the Factory to go on board, and to
detain any of the Ships which fhould remove near
the Shore.
CAB RA L being informed of this, and fear-^j^
ing to be fet upon by the King’s Fleet, in cafe hehammedans
remained in the Harbour, weighed Anchor, z.nt\check(d‘
flood out to Sea, refolving there to confult what
was beft to be done. The Samorin hereupon fent
for Correa , and learning from him the Caufe
thereof, defired him to fend to the General to
return; and forthwith gave Orders to prevent the
Defigns of the Moors . He alfo removed the Gu¬
sarat from about Correa , and put in his Place
another, named Cofebequin b, who, though a
Moor , was an honeft Man, and a Friend to the
Portuguese. For the Moors, who are Natives of
India , are always at Strife with thofe who come
from Kayro , and the Streights of Mekka ; and
Cofebequin was Head of the former, as Samifide
a De Faria, and others, call him Coje Cetnireci. Molt of the foreign Names are fo corrupted, ’tis difficult to
rectify them. b De Faria names him Coje Bcqui, rather Kbojab Beki or Begbu
was
By the Portugueze,
45
1500.
Cabral.
7 fair artful H
was of the latter. Farther than this, the Samorin^ J
to prevent the Factory from being difturbed by
the Moors, and that they might have the better
Opportunity of felling and buying to Advantage,
gave them a Houfe a by the Water Side, for
ever. This was done by Writing ; and a Copy
thereof, to which the King put his Hand and
Seal, inclofed in a Piece of Cloth of Gold, for
the General to carry back to Portugal. It was
the Samorin’s Pleafure alfo, that a Flag, with the
Arms of Portugal , fhould be eredled on the Top b
of the Houfe. After this, they had a pretty good
Vent for their Goods by Cofebequin’s Means : The
Natives frequented the Fadlory ; and the Portu¬
gueze walked about in Kalekut , with as much
Safety and little Moleftation, as they could in
Lisbon.
SECT. III.
The Artifices of the Moors, and Inconfiancy of the c
Samorin. The new Factory defrayed.
OWEVER, the Merchants of Mekka
Contrivance. XI obftudted their getting Lading for their
Ships; and though Complaint was made to the
King, they received no Redrefs. This was occa-
fioned by the Enmity of the two Moorijh Officers
before- mentioned. The Admiral being offended
that the Fadtor Correa , had made greater Appli¬
cation to the other than to him, contrived to be
revenged, by getting the General to fet upon a d
meat Ship of Ceylon , bound from Kochin to Cam-
lay a with Elephants. To effedt this, he told
Correa , that the Owners of the Ship had refufed
the Samorin one of thofe Creatures; and that
therefore, if the Portugueze would take the Vef-
fel, they would not only oblige the King, and
forward their own Bufinefs, but alfo poffefs them-
felves of a great Quantity of Spice, which be¬
longed to the Merchants of Mekka. His Defign
was, that the Portugueze fhould receive Damage e
in the Attempt, that Ship being of great Bulk ;
and to this Purpofe gave Notice to the Owners,
that they might be the better provided: He con¬
cluded at leaft, in cafe his Stratagem did not fuc-
ceed, that the Portugueze would difoblige the
Merchants of Kochin.
'bip Of Ko- The General fent Word, that to oblige the
hin taken. King, he would willingly undertake the Bufinefs,
though he was fenfible it was a dangerous At¬
tempt ; but expedted, as it could not be done f
without Lofs of Men, that he fhould not be
offended if his Sailors killed thofe who were in the
Kambaya Ship. This having been allowed as
reafonable, the General fent after the Ship Pedro
1 500.
Cabral.
de Attayda with his Caravel, (wherein were fixty
Men, befide fome Moors fent by the Admiral)
who gave her Chace ; but being a Ship of 600
Ton, and 300 Men, fhe made no Account of
the Caravel, which was fmall, till fome of their
Balls reaching her, fhe bore down upon them,
pouring in her Shot : But being fiercely attacked
by the Portugueze , and receiving a Ball between
Wind and Water, fhe quickly made off, and was
purfued into the Bay of Kananor , where fhe was
taken. There were aboard feven Elephants,
worth in Kalekut , 30,000 Pounds ; one of which
was killed and eaten by their Men. The King,
next Day, came to the Water Side, and was
ffrangely furprized, to fee fuch a Veffel taken by
one that was not above a fixth Part of her Bulk,
praifing the Adtion, and treating the Men : But
the General having difcovered the Fraud, in or¬
der to gain the Friendfhip of the King of Kochin,
reftored the Ship to the Owners, making Satis¬
faction for the Damages. Here it was, that Du¬
arte Pachaco Pereyra gave the firft Marks of that
heroic Valour, for which he was afterwards re-
no v/ned b.
The taking of this Ship terrified more than Mohamme-
ever the Moors of Kalekut , who imagined the dans com-
King fet the Portugueze on, in Revenge of their^”*
Injuries; and finding the latter were able to bring
as great Trade to his Port, was carele fs, whether
they continued in his Dominions or not. Upon
this, they joined in a Body, and waited on the
Samorin , reprefenting how much concerned they
were to find, that thofe new Comers fhould be
fo highly prized by him ; while thofe who had fo
long fupported the Trade of Kalekut , and given
Proofs of their Fidelity, fhould be held of no Ac¬
count. They infmuated, that the Portugueze
were Pirates, and could not poffibly come to In¬
dia for the Sake ofT'rade; fince the Profits arifing
from thence, could not (as they alledged) go near
to defray the Expences of a Voyage of 50CO
Leagues, with fo many Ships and Men. Nay,
they affirmed, that their Defign was to plunder
the Country, and take the City, if they could
once get the leaft Footing in it ; that they would
turn the Houfe, which the King had given them
for a Factory, into a Fort ; and from thence
make War upon him in a little Time : They
concluded, by threatening to remove to fome
other City of Malabar , in cafe he continued to
give the Portugueze fo much Countenance, and
them fo little.
The King having heard this Complaint, af- petvrn ttn.
fured them of his Friendfhip ; and that he would fatisfed.
not forfake them in Favour of any Strangers.
lDe Faria fays, this Houfe was granted not without great Difficulty, and that Correa took Poifeffiion of it with,
fixty Men. b The Subfhuice of this Paragraph is taken chiefly from de Faria. Cafianncda fays, the Ship
was given to the Samoan.
He
46
1 500.
Cabral.
Trade.
jfriifice to
incenfe the
People.
Voyages to the East indies
He told them the Reafon for fending; the General a
to take the Kochin Ships was, to try the Valour of
the Portuguese', and that he permitted them to
trade as he did other Merchants, in order to bring
their Money into his Country. For all this the
Moors were not fatisfied, becaufe the King did not
command the Portuguese to quit Kalekut, and pro¬
hibit their Trading in his Port. After this, they
openly intermeddled in their Affairs, and gave
them what Oppofition they could, in the buying
of Spices. Their Defign was to pick a Quarrel b
with thofe New-comers, that they might at
length come to Blows : In which, they con¬
cluded, they fhould be able to deftroy them by
their Numbers; in the mean Time, incenfmgthe
common People all they could, againft them.
By Means of thefe fubtile Dealings of the Moors ,
in three Months Time, there were but two Ships
laden with Spices, and at dear Rates ; although the
Samorin had promifed, that all the Fleet fhould
be laden in twenty Days ; and that they fhould c
be laden before all other Strangers. It was alfo
difcovered, that the Moors bought up Spices pri¬
vately, at a lower Price than the Portuguese could
get them for ; and fhipped them off, contrary to
an Order of the King in Favour of the latter.
The General, being troubled at thefe Things,
judged they could not happen without the Privity
and Confent of the Samorin : For which Reafon,
he fent to expoftulate with that Prince, and let
him know how little had been performed of all c
that had been promifed him ; intreating, that as
the Time for returning to Portugal was now come,
that he would caufe him to be difpatched without
more Delay.
The Samorin feemed to be furprifed and con¬
cerned, that the Ships were ftill unladen. He
faid he could not believe that the Moors would
offer to difobey his Commands by a clandeftine
buying of Spices, and lading their Veffels: But
declared, if they had deceived him, that he would
punifh them for it; and gave the Portuguese
Leave to fearch their Ships, and take all the Spices
they found in them, only paying the Price which
the Moors gave for them.
A s the Moors waited for an Occafion to quar¬
rel with the Portuguese , they thought this a very
fit one. Immediately one of the Principal among
them, began to lade his Ship openly; and the
better to fucceed in his Scheme, got fome Moors
and Gentiles , whom the Fate took for his
Friends, to perfuade him, that if he did not fend
to feize the lame, he would never be able to
freight the Fleet. Correa , giving Credit to what
they told himj fent to defire the General to take
that Ship : But he, apprehenfive that it would
caufe the Moors to rife againft the Factory, argued
againft it. Correa prefled again, and Cabral de¬
clined it a fecond Time : But the Fate, perfift-
I
ing in his Application, and engaging to anfwer 1500.
for all Damages that fhould happen on that Oc- Cabral,
cafion, the General at length, much againft his’- — *
Will, on the fixteenth of December , fent Word
to thofe on board the AJoorijh Ship, that they
muft inftantly depart, by Virtue or the Autnority
he had from the Samorin. The Moors making
light of the General’s Commands, he next Day
fent all his Boats to bring the Ship into the Har¬
bour.
This being known to the Moors on Shore, The $amo-
they immediately rofe in a tumultuous Manner jrin’skw
and after incenfing the Rabble, repaired to the^”?*
Palace, where, the better to gain the King over
to their Side, they alledged, that the Portuguese
had gotten a much greater Quantity of Spices and
Drugs than they had ; yet, that not content with
the larger Share, they like Thieves and Pirates,
would needs ru,n away with all; intreating, that
they might have Liberty to take Satisfaction for the
: Injury. The inconftant King grants them their
Requeft ; and the revengeful Moors haften back
to aflault the Fatey. It was encompafled with
a Wall ten Feet high, and in it were feventy
Men, including the Friars; but among them all,
there were only eight Crofs-bows, befides their
Swords.
The fir ft Party of Moors that advanced, wereT^ Fa&cy
fo few, that the Portuguese took them for a Par -defrayed.
cel of Mob, and refolved to defend the Gates of
1 the Fadory with their Cloaks and Rapiers : But
their Numbers increafed fo faft, and they galled
the Defendants fo much with their Arrows and
Spears, that after lofing five Men, they fhut the
Gates with no fmall Difficulty, and betook them-
felves to the Walls with their ,Crofs bows : But
Correa perceiving the Enemy to amount in a little
Time to 4000, with feveral Nayres amongft them,
and that it was impoffible to hold out long againft
fuch a Force, without Aid from the Ships, fet
e up a Flag on the Top of the Factory, to give
Notice of their Diftrefs. The General, being
fick a-bed, and unable to affift them in Perfon,
fent Sancbo de Tear with all the Boats, and what
Men they had : But finding the Enemy fo nu¬
merous, he would not venture to land, nor even
go too near the Shore, for Fear they fhould fend
out their Almadias and Tonys to take him. Many
of the Befieged being wounded with the Spears
and Arrows, which fhowered on them as thick
f as Hail; and feeing the Moors preparing huge
Engines to batter down the Wall, they refolved
to quit the FaCtory by a Door that opened to the
Water Side, hoping to favethemfelves by the Boats:
But the Enemy preffing them clofe, and the Boats
not advancing, only twenty efcaped, though not
unwounded ; all the reft being either taken or
killed. Among the latter was, Ayres Correa ; but
his Son Antonio (who afterwards acquired great
Reputation
Koch
I Spa&o
■VsvW'
r<vo ^ ,
<**«&
K - •* a I t *>
Sh® ?— *T .0- o** ^ *
* ^
ass
§§
W1M
minns
11
Ml
. . ■ "
• -
V
4 * :« .
• .
-
--
{L •• •• v
' ■ ?■ . I .•
- 1
: - . • • -
; J V
' - ’'1* .
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s
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, yi ) ■ \ ;.>!l i ' 'f 3 .1 1 ’ !
... ' . . •• *•
• k it jt •• *«•••
,
1500.
Cabral.
By the Portugueze,
Reputation by his Aftions In India ) got off, being a built after the Manner of Kalekut , and inhabited
Cabral de-
Jhoysstcn
Shift.
then only eleven Years of Age. The Merchan-
'dize that was feized on this Occafion, amounted
to 4000 Ducats; and of the Men that were taken
Prifoners, four died of their Wounds.
SECT. IV.
Cabral takes Revenge. Sails to Kochin ; fettles a
Trade there and at Kananor. Returns home.
TH E General was greatly concerned at this
Difafter ; and finding that the Samorin fent
no Apology for what had happened, it was re-
folved to take Revenge immediately, that he
might not have Time to prevent it, by arming his
Fleet. Hereupon, Cabral gave Orders to attack
ten large Ships that were in the Harbour. After
fome Refiftance, they were taker
the Men were killed or drowned : Thofe who re
mained alive were kept to ferve as Sailors. In the
Ships were found fome Spices, and other Mer¬
chandizes, with three Elephants, which were
killed and falted for Provifion. The Goods be-
47
1500.
Cabral.
with Gentiles and Moors , who came from fundry
Parts to trade : 7’here were two, each of whom
had fifty Ships. Provifions are not plenty : But
here is Pepper enough ; moft of that which is at
Kalekut being brought from hence: Yet the greater
Refort of Merchants being at this latter Place,
makes it the richer of the two. The Country,
being of no great Extent, and the King not en¬
titled to coin Money, he is therefore but poor.
Befides, he is fubjedt to the Samorin , who on his
Acceffion to the Throne, goes to Kochin , and dif-
pofes of the Crown as he thinks fit : He is alfo
obliged to aflift the King of Kalekut in all his
Wars, and muff be of the fame Religion.
The General having caff Anchor, fent a Gen- It kir.dty
tile Convert, called Michael Jogbi a, to the King,
r tt rn. .u ^ , 0. ..... to inform him of his Coming, of what he had
feme Refiftance they were taken. Six hundred of done at KaleH and of hfa DBeflre to trade at his
Ia I » /■ rA TWA • ■ tw Til A r. A t* A ft. A *A A /T ft B A A I A ««ft Ift A ft. A ^
Port, with either Merchandize or ready Money.
The King (whofe Name was Trimumpara b) left
it to his own Choice, and let him know, that he
might fend whom he would to land for that Pur-
. , T7- m , . , pofe: Difpatching, at the fameTime, two of his
jng taken out, the Veffels were burnt m Sight of 'rincipal Nayra is Hoftages, on Condition, that
Batters Ka-
Jekut,
I Sails to K.O-
«hin.
Crouds of Moors on the Shore, and, in the Al-
madias , which came out to fuccour their Friends,
but were foon repulfed with Lofs.
The General not thinking this fufficient,
ordered his Ships in the Night to fpread, and
advance as near the Shore as poflible, with their
Boats before them. At Break of Day, the Ord¬
nance began to play upon the Town, which did
great Damage both among the Houfes and Inha¬
bitants ; who, croud ing to avoid, or repel the
Danger, fell thick every Shot. Several of the
Temples were demolifhed, with Part of the King’s
Palace ; and the Terror was fo great among the
Citizens, that the Samorin himfelf fled, who nar¬
rowly efcaped a Bullet, (from the Boats) a Nayre
being killed juft behind him. Towards Even¬
ing they gave over the Cannonade, to follow
two large Ships, which (on Sight of what
was doing, as they were making into the Port)
fled to Panderane , where there were five more at
Anchor : But not being able to get near them,
the General purfued his Voyage for Kochin, where
it was refolved to fettle a Factory, and took two
Moorijh Ships in his Paffage, which he burnt,
after taking out their Cargoes of Rice. He ar¬
rived before that City that twentieth of December.
KOCHIN is the Capital of a Kingdom of
the fame Name, nineteen Leagues South of Kale¬
kut. It ftands upon a River, is very ftrong, and
has a fafe and capacious Port. The Land about
it is low, and divided into many Iflands. It is
he fhould change them every Day; becaufe, if
they once eat on Ship-board, they never appeared
in his Prefence any more. The General pleafed
with this hopeful Beginning, appointed Gonzalo
Gil Barbofa , for Fadtor ; and fent with him a
Clerk, an Interpreter, and four banifhed Men, as
Servants.
The King fent the Regifter of the City, and AFatiory
feveral Nobles, to receive the Fadtor, and bring fettled there.
him to Court. Here they found nothing of that
State which they met with at Kalekut. The Prince
was but meanly clad, and his Court had nothing
but bare Walls, with certain Seats round them,
railed or boxed in like a Theatre ; in one of
which Trimumpara fat. The Fadtor being intro¬
duced, offered the Prefent from the General,
which confided of a Silver Bafon, for wafhing
Hands, full of Saffron ; a large Silver Ewer, filled
with Rofe-water ; with fome Branches of Coral.
The King received them with Pleafure, return¬
ing the General Thanks : And after he had talk¬
ed a while with the Fadlor, ordered thc-m to be
well lodged. The General would not venture
more Men on Shore, for Fear of fuch an Acci¬
dent as happened at Kalekut. But the Event
fhewed there was no Reafon for Diftruft: For by
the kind Ufage the Portugueze met with; by the
Difpatch that was made in lading their Ships; and
the Willingnefs with which the Natives affift-
ed them on all Occafions, it plainly appeared,
that Trimumpara was a Prince of an honeftDilpo-
a De Faria fays, he was a Bratnen, or religious Malabar ; one of thofe who wander naked, girt with Chains,
and daubed with Filth; who, if Gentiles , are called Jogues, and if Moors, Calandars. B 'Iriumpara is the
Name given him by de Faria. De Barr os, and others, call him Trimumpara.
T J • - / ' fition ;
48
Voyages to ^ East Indies
Indian
Chriftians.
Invitation
from other
Kings.
fition ; and that their differing with the Samorln , ;
was the bed: Fortune that could have attended
them a.
The Ships being loaden, and the General on
Shore, there came two Indian Chriftians (from
Krangalor , or Kranganor , a City near Kuchin )
who were Brothers (one of them named Jofepb b)
and defirous to go to Portugal , with a Delign to
vifit Rome and J erufalem. Cabral alked them,
if the Place they came from was inhabited folely
by Chriftians ; and, whether they belonged to
the Greek or Latin Church ? One of them an-
fwered, that the Inhabitants were a Mixture of
Gentiles , Chriftians , Jews, and Strangers, who
were Merchants of Syria , Egypt , Perfta , and
Arabia ; that the Chriftians paid the King Tri¬
bute, and dwelt in a Part of the City by them-
felves; that they had a Church in which they had
Croffes, but no Images or Bells; (but the Priefts,
in calling the People to Prayers, obferved the
Order of the Greeks ). That they had their Popes,
under whom were twelve Cardinals, and two Pa¬
triarchs, with many Bifhops and Archbifhops,
who all refided in Armenia: That thither went
the Bifhops of Krangalor to receive their Dignity ;
and that he himfelf had been there to be ordained
Prieft by the Pope ; that the fame Method was
obferved by all the Clergy within his Jurifdi&ion,
which extended over India and Katay ; that the
two Patriarchs refided in thofe two Provinces,
and the Bifhops were difperfed in the Cities be¬
longing to them ; that their Pope is called Catho-
licos , and their Tonfure is made in Form of a
Crofs. They were both admitted on board.
After this, there came two Meffengers from
the Kings of Kananor and Koulan , inviting him
to their Harbours, and promifing him Spices
cheaper than he could have them at Kochin. The
General returned them Thanks, and excufed him¬
felf from going, in Regard he had already laden ;
but promifed to vifit them on his Return to India.
He had fcarce taken in his Cargo, when twenty-
five great Ships, befides fmaller Veffels, appeared on
the Coaft. The King of Kochin being informed of
their Delign, immediately fent the General Word,
that they came on Purpofe to feek him out, and
had 15,000 Soldiers on board; offering, at the
fame Time, to affift him with what he wanted.
Cabral returned Thanks ; but Paid, he fhould be 1501*
able, with the few he had, to make them re- Cabral,
pent their Errand. The General obferving, that v—
they hovered about, and did not venture within
a League of his Fleet, weighed Anchor, and
went out againft them: But a Storm arifing, and
the Wind fhifting contrary, he was obliged to
return.
Next Day, the tenth of January , 1501, the Efcapes^ the
Wind proving very fair, the General prepared to ]^ekut
move towards the Enemy ; but miffing Sancho de
Toar’s Ship, which was the biggeft next to his
own, and beft provided with Men, he thought
fit to change his Refolution, and make the beft
of his Way home. He was followed all Day by
the Kalekut Fleet, which at Night left him. This
Accident prevented him from returning to Ko -
chin , as he had propofed, to fet on Shore the Nayres
Hoftages ; who, after five Days falling, were re¬
conciled to eating on board, by the General’s good
Words. On the fifteenth, they anchored before
Kananor , thirty-one Leagues to the North of
Kochin.
This City is very large. The Houfes are of Comes to Ka->
Earth, and covered with Slates. There is a fine Bay nanor*
before it. The Country produces Plenty of Gin¬
ger, Cardamoms, Tamarinds, Mirabolans, Caflia,
and the like ; but no more Pepper than is con-
fumed in the Country. The Moors drive here a
great Trade. The Pools, near this City, breed
Aligators. Here are Adders likewife fo poifon-
ous, that they kill Men with their Breath ; and
Bats as large as Kites, the Head being like that
of a Fox. They are very good to eat. Provi-
fions are plenty. The King is a Bramen , and
one of the three independent Princes of Malabar ;
but not fo rich as either him of Kalekut , or Kou¬
lan. Here the General took in 400 Quintals of
Cinnamon: And it being judged, that theReafon
why he did not buy more, was for Want of Mo¬
ney, the King fent to tell him, he might have
what he would in Truft.
This generous Offer Cabral declined with Leaves
Thanks; and took on board an Ambaffador, fentIndia*
by the King to cultivate Friendlhip with the
Court of Portugal. Afterward he departed, mak¬
ing his Way acrofs the Gulf, lying between India
and Africa : About the Middle of which, on the
mom
De Banos fays, Trimumpara was offended with the Samorln, on feveral Accounts; and among the reft, for
opolizing the 1 rude of that Coaft. b This Jofepb lived to get to Portugal, (his Brother dying by the
Way) and is the Jofphus Indus, under whofe Name there is a Voyage given by Grynseus, containing 12 Pages:
But properly it is no more than an Account of Krangonor, and its inhabitants, (particularly the Chriftians, and
their religious Rites) with home Defcription of Kalekut, Kambaya, Guzarat, Ormuz, and Narftnga ; but very
Ihort, and not very fatisfa&ory. Nor is tins any Wonder, fince Gryneus, or whoever took the Relation from Jofcphius
Mouth, telis us, he couid fcarce underftand him ; and that this Indian , being a Chriftian, feldom converfed with
his Pagan Countrymen. It is a common Vice of Travellers, out of a religious Averfion, to fhun the Company
of thole who are^ beft able to inform them concerning the State of their Country: Which is the Reafon, that
among the great Number of Relations of foreign Parts to be met with, fo few of them give either a full or
£xact Account of Things. .
thirty-
5
By the Portuguese*
49
1 5° i.
De Nueva.
Doubles the
Cjpe.
thirty-firft of January , he took a great Mer- a
chant Ship : But finding it belonged to the King
''of Kambaya , let it go again; fending Word, that
the Deftgn of his coming to India , was not to
make War with any of the Princes belonging to
it, though he had been forced to it by the Satno -
rin' s Breach of Peace. He took nothing out of
the Ship but a Pilot to conduct him through the
Gulf. Being arrived near the African Coaft, the
twelfth of February a Storm fuddenly arofe, by
which in the Night, the Ship of Sancho de Toar , b
was driven on Shore, and taking Fire, was burnt ;
but all the Men faved. Following their Courfe,
in thisTempeft, they palled by Melinda , not be¬
ing able to put in there, nor at any other Place
upon the Coaft, till they came to Mozatnbik,
where they call Anchor, in order to refit their
Ships, and take in W ater.
Mean while, Cabral fent de Toar to difeo-
ver Sofala ; and the Fleet being in Readinefs,
fometime after, he proceeded on his Voyage, c
Near the Cape of Good Hope , they were taken
with feveral violent Storms, in w’hich one of the
Ships was feparated : At laft, they doubled it the
twenty-fecond of May, and had favourable Wea¬
ther till they came to Cape Verde , where they met
with Diego Diaz ; who, having been feparated
from the Fleet in its Way to the Indies , was
driven into the Red-Sea, where he loft his Boat,
Arrives at
iifbcn.
Defgn of
this Voyage.
Voyage at Kalekut, was at an End; and that a 1 50'r.
Trade had been fettled there by Cabral, as well De Nueva.
as at i^uiloa and Sofala , he thought fit to fend no^— - -v-—-
more than three Ships and a Caravel, wdth only
400 Men in them, whereof two carried Mer¬
chandize to Sofala, and two to Kalekut. Of this
Fleet he apppointed Juan de Nueva, General, a
Native of Galicia, and an experienced Seaman.
His Inftru&ions were to touch at San Bias, and
in cafe he miffed any of his Ships, to wait there
for them ten Days: After which he was to pro¬
ceed to Sofala ; and if a Factory was not already
fettled, he was to fettle one, if poftible. Then
he was to call at Quitoa, and thence put over to
Kalekut ; where, if he found Cabral , he fhould
acknowledge him as General, and get him to
eftablifh a f adlory at Sofala in his Return, in cafe
his own Attempt fhould prove in vain. f)e Arrives at
Nueva (having dilcovered the Bland of Conception Kan•il•0,‘•
in eight Degrees South Latitude) got fafe to San
Bias, (beyond the Cape of Good Hope) where in
an old Shoe was found a Letter written by Pedro
de Atayde, before- mentioned ; which gave an Ac¬
count how Matters flood at Kalekut , Kochin , and
Kananor. Concluding upon this, that it was not
proper to leave the Caravel at Sofala, having but
few Men, they paffed on ; and in Augujl arrived
at Mozambik, then at fhtiloa, having found an
Ifland, which from the Commander was called
and moft of his Men, by Sicknefs, and Want of Juan de Nova. At Melinda , the King informed
Provifions. His Pilot not daring to venture to
carry him to India , he returned towards Portugal,
with only feven Men on board ; who, after quit¬
ting the Arabic Gulf, grew ftrong and able to
manage the Tackle a.
The General finding there came no more
Ships, departed for Lisbon, where he arrived the
thirty-firft of July , 150 1. He was followed in a
few Days, by the Ship which feparated from him
at the Cape of Good Hope ; and after that, came in
them of what had palled in India, as the bamlh-
ed Man had done at Ahiiloa. Short of the former,
they chaced two great Ships, took and burnt one
of them. From thence, they crolled the Gulf
to Anchediva, where they arrived in November ;
and while they ftayed to take in Water, feven
large Ships of Kambaya, palled by, in their Way
to the Streights of Alekka : But not caring to
engage, did not ftop. The Fleet, being come to
Kananor , the General had a Conference with the
de Toar : Who brought Account, that Sofala was e King; who prefled him to lade his Ships there:
- r _ 11 T/i _ 1 .1 . r * . . 1 • * 1 1 • 1 n . » nr 1 r r n . . . \ t* n
a fmall Illand, clofe to the Continent, inhabited
by Kafrs ; that the Moors from India trade there
for Gold, whereof there are Mines up the Coun¬
try; and get it in Exchange for Goods of fmall
Value. He brought with him a Moor, (given in
Hoftage for another Man) who gave a confider-
able Account of the Country. Of the twelve
Ships that went out of Portugal, only fix returned,
the other fix being never heard of more.
CHAP. VI.
The Voyage of Juan de Nueva; being the third made
by the Portugueze to the Eaft Indies. Taken chief y
from Caftanncda.
IN March , before Cabral returned, the King
of Portugal fent another Fleet to India : But
as he imagined, the Contention began in the firlt
But de Nueva, defirous firft to talk to the Fadfor
at Kochin , declined that Offer. On his Way thi¬
ther, he took a Ship belonging to the Moors of
Kalekut, after a vigorous Defence, and caufed it
to be burnt.
Being arrived at Kochin, the Factory, wither or t,
the reft of the Company, came on board, and ac-Kocll;n*
quainted him, that the King was greatly offend¬
ed with Cabral , for leaving the Port without fee-
f ing him, and carrying away the Hoftages ; that
notwithftanding they were all kindly entertained ;
that at Night they were lodged in the Palace, and
if in the Day any of them went abroad, they had
Nay res to attend them ; that this Care was taken
by the King, to defend them from the Moors ,
who had one Night fet Fire to their Houfe. He
alfo apprifed the General, that they had preju-
VOL I.
De Fana fays, the greateft Danger he ran, was in the Port of Magadoxa , near Cape Guardafu.
N° III.
H
diced
5°
i5°i.
De Nueva.
Returns to
Kananor.
Defeats the
Kalekut
Fleet ,
Voyages /u the
fo much a
that they
East Indies
ordered a Gun to be {hot at them, on which they i goi.
retreated, and made away for Kalekut c. De Gama.
DE NUEVA , immediately after this, took
his Leave of the King of Kananor , and fet fai 1
for Portugal, where he arrived fafely with all his
Ships d. After his Departure, there came to Ka¬
on e of his Men, who had been taken Pri-
nanor ,
diced the Merchants of the Country
againft: the Portugueze Commodities,
would not take them in Exchange for the Indian ;
telling him withal, that if he had not brought
Money, they would not part with their Spices.
This having been the General’s Cafe, he re¬
turned immediately to Kananor a ; But Money be¬
ing required there as well as at Kochin , and it foner at Kalekut , and was fent by the Samorin to
coming to the King’s Ear, that he had brought excufe what had been done both to him and the
none ; that Prince, rather than he fhould return former General Pedro Alvarez Cabral , offering to
with empty Ships, was fo generous as to become b lade his Ships, if he would come to Kalekut , and
his Security for 1000 Quintals b of Pepper, fifty give him fufiicient Pledges for his Security,
of Ginger, and 450 of Cinnamon, befides fome
Linen Cloth, till fuch Time as the Faaftor he left CHAP. VII.
at Kananr, (with two Clerks) fhould fell theMcr- The recmd y „ <• Vafco de Gama
chandize put in his Cuftody. After the Lading bfin<r tfe fQfrt}j
-- on tfie fifteenth Qf December , the
was taken in^ .
King fent him Word, that above eighty Parauts
appeared to the Northward, fent by the Samorin
to attack him ; advifing him to land with his
Men and Ordnance. The General fent to thank
the King; but let him know withal, that he did
not fear to meet his Enemy by Sea, for all the
Difparity.
Next Morning, by Day-break, above 100
Ships and Paraius , full of Moors, entered the Bay.
As foon as the General perceived them, he re¬
moved into the Middle of the Bay, and ordered
his Ships to pour in their Shot upon the Enemy
without Intermiffion : By which Means, they
. , 0 y ^ vja.ua in 1502 ;
being the fourth made by the Portugucze to the
Eaft Indies.
SECT. I.
De Gama arrives on the Coafl of India. Takes a
Ship bound for Mekka. Cruel Slaughter of the
Pilgrims. Settles Peace , and a Factory at Kran-
ganor.
TrI E Account which Pedro Alvarez Cabral jncj-an
brought, fhewed it was requifite, either to Trade pro*
apply Force in making a Settlement in the Indies fluted.
or elfe to quit the Attempt. Some were of Opi¬
nion to defift; but the Credit of fo great an Un¬
dertaking prevailed over the Dangers attending;
, n . . - - ; — J attending;
durn not approach to lay the Portugueze on board ; d it. It alfo appeared in favour of a Profecution
onn lao in n nr K 1 1 rr li f n /-v r ri ti n ^ ^ , L L * U 1 1. 1 t 1 in. ~ —
and having brought no Ordnance with them, they
could do their Foes no Harm at a Difiance. It
was to this Want of Cannon doubtlefs, that the
Portugueze owed their Safety, and Boldnefs to
face them fo long. Having {lain many of the
Moors, and funk feveral of their Veflels, without
a Man being hurt on their Side, the Enemy, to¬
wards Evening, hung out a Flag. The General
atfirtr, fuppofing it to be fome Artifice, continu-
that though many were loft in the Enterprise, yet
the Profit brought by thofe who returned, was fo
large, that it out- weighed theConfideration of the
Damage. Another great Motive was, the Profpedf
of planting the Romijh Religion in thofe Countries,
and enlarging the Royal Titles. The King was
fenfible, that to attain a great Name among f0LfrgeFka
many powerful and diftant Nations, it was& re- WU
quifite to Ihew great Power : Therefore in March
ed his Fire : But perceiving they did not take their e he fent out three Squadrons ; the fii ft, of ten Shim
r lAOr rlnv./n o.ni\ mriO- f l-i I c O r, Q 1 _ fL i i 1 rr . y. ’ . . .
Flag down, and moft of his Ordnance being burft
"with {hooting, at length gave over, and anfwered
them with another Flag. Whereupon, a Moor
was fent in a fmall Boat to defire a Truce till
next Da\ , which was granted ; on Condition,
that they fhould quit the Harbour and put out to
sea.
commanded bv Vafco de Gama, nowon his fecond
Voyage. The fecond, of five Ships, under Vin¬
cent Sodre, which was to fcour the Coaft of Ko¬
chin and Kananor , and hinder the Moors (that is,
the Turks and Arabs) from trading in the Indies ,
by watching the Mouth of the Red-Sea. The
which they did. At the fame Lime, the third, was under Stephen de Gama, but all fubor
>ral nin Hen his Sfsf-mn alfo ^ j* _ ^ rz r nn/ tti. , ~ ^
General quitted his Station alfo, and came to an¬
chor near them : But finding in the Night, that
the Enemy came in their Boats with an Intent,
as was fuppofed, to fire his Ships, he removed
farther oft'; and as they Hill followed him, he
dinate to Vafco. The Whole confifted of twenty
Ships ; and were gone before Juan de Nova ar¬
rived.
The Command of this Fleet was firft con-vafCode
ferred on Pedro Alvarez de Cabral : But on far- Gama Ge¬
neral.
\\Denanr fayS’ hb t°ok'in<?:lrt °\ hls Lading at Karlin, with a View perhaps to fave the Portugueze Credit
t-Pavoff/Ur • rf7?> ^ Yn hundred Weight. * According !o De Faria, this/dtion Jas n
t^y of kalekut : That there were Jive great Ships, and nine Paransos funk. De Ban os fays, ten Merchant
^iiips, and nine /Ww. ? * De f ana fays, he found the Ifland of St. Helena without Inhabitants : Tho’
Wv nnd it peopied in De Gama s firft Voyage, but four Years before.
ther
By the Portuguese.
1502.
De Gama.
Vifits So
&!a.
ther Confideration, it was given to Vafcode Gama ;
to whom the King delivered the Flag with great
Honour, in the Cathedral Church, giving him
the Title of Admiral of the Eaftern Seas. With
him returned the AmbafTadors of Kochin and Ka-
nanor , who had been much honoured by his Por¬
tugueze Majefty. The two firft Squadrons de¬
parted the third of March ; the fecond, not till
the firft of May. Don Vafco met off Cabo Verde ,
a Caravel, bound for Lisbon , with much Gold
from La Mina , fome of which he (hewed to the
AmbafTadors; and they, furprifed, faid, it did
not agree with the Account the Venetian Ambaf-
fador, in Portugal , had given them, viz. that the
Portugueze , without the Help of Venice , could
fcarce put Ships to Sea. This was fpoken through
Envy, becaufe they were like to lofe their Trade
with India , by Way of Egypt.
Having doubled the Cape of Good Hope, and
paffed the Currents, Don Vafco, with four of the
(mailed Veffels, (truck off for Sofala , and Tent 1
the reft of the Fleet before him to Mozambik.
He went, purfuant to the King’s Orders, not only
to obferve the Situation of that City, and fee if
there was a convenient Place for building a Fort,
but alfo to infpedt the Gold of the Country. He
made a Friendfhip with the King, and obtained
Leave to fettle a Factory : After which, mutual
Prefents paffed between them. Having (pent
twenty-five Days in thisTranfadtion, he depart¬
ed ; and in turning out of the River, loft one of <
his Ships : But the Men were faved.
Arriving at Mozambik , he made Friend-
at Mozam- fhip with the King, who was fo averfe to it in his
bik' firft Voyage ; and obtained Leave to fettle a Fac¬
tory : The whole Intent whereof was, to provide
Victualling for the Portugueze Fleets, which fhould
touch here in their Voyage, either going or com¬
ing. From hence departing, he arrived at £{ui-
loa , the twelfth of July, with a Refolution to
force the King to become tributary for his ill <
Ufage to Cabral. As foon as he came to An¬
chor, Ibrahim , more through Fear than any
thing elfe, paid him a Vifit on Shipboard a. Don
Vafco , knowing that he was not to be trufted ;
and having him in his Power, without farther
Ceremony, threatened to confine him under the
Hatches, unlefs he immediately agreed to pay his
Mafter Tribute.
The Captive Tyrant promifed 2000 Miticals
of Gold yearly ; and gave for Pledge one Mebe -
met, a wealthy Moor , whom he mortally hated,
in order to get rid of him b : For the Moment
A Factory
■Quiloa tri
bittary \
51
Ibrahhn got back to Quiloa, he refufcd to per- 1502.
form his Agreement ; not fo much to Cave the De Gama.
Money, as to provoke the General to kill his Se- v— ■ '“v —
curity. But the Moor , finding the Tribute came
not, thought fit to pay the Sum himfelf, and was
releafed. Here Stephen de Gama joined the Ge¬
neral with his Fleet, and both together proceeded
in their Voyage. He was put-b y Melinda, and
forced to v/ater eight Leagues beyond it in a Bay:
whence, fpreading his Fleet, that no Ship might
efcape him, he took feveral ; but wTas moft fevere
upon thofe of Kalekut.
Being arrived on the Coaft of India , near Taka a Ship
Mount Deli , to the North of Kananor, he met 'w'!h l'il~
a Ship of great Bulk, called the Meri , belonging Mtk&a
to the Soltdn of Egypt , w'hich was very richly
laden, and full of Moors of Quality, who were
going on Pilgrimage to Mekka. This Ship being
taken, after a vigorous Refiftance, the General
went on board ; and fending for the principal
Moors, ordered them to produce fuch Merchandizes
as they had; threatening, otherw'ife, to have them
thrown into the Sea. They pretended all their
Effects were at Kalekut : But one of them, hav¬
ing been flung over board, bound Hand and Foot,
the reft, through Fear, delivered their Goods.
All the Children were carried into the General’s
Ship c; and the Remainder of the Plunder, given
the Sailors. After which, Stephen de Gama , by
Don Vafco’s Order, fet Fire to the Veffel. But
the Moors , having broken up the Hatches, under
which they were confined, and quenched the
Flames with the Water that was in the Ship,
Stephen was commanded to lay them aboard. The
Moors, being made defperate with the Apprehen-
fion of their Danger, received him with great
Refolution ; and even attempted to burn the other
Ships.
Night coming on, he was obliged to defi it Barbarous
without doing his Work: But the Geperal ga veSlaugbur.
Orders, that the Veffel (hould be W'atched, that
the Paffengers might not, by Favour of the Dark-
nefs, efcape to Land, which w'as near. All Night
long, the (poor unhappy) Moors called on Mo¬
hammed to help them, (but the Dead can neither
hear nor fuccour their Votaries). In the Morn¬
ing, Stephen de Gama was fent to execute his for¬
mer Orders. He boarded the Ship, and fetting
Fire to it, drove the Moors into the Poop, who
(till defended themfelves ; for fome of the Sailors
would not leave the Veffel, till it was half burnt.
Many of the Moors, when they faw the Flames
approach them, leaped into the Sea with Hatchets
a De Faria fays, he entered furioufly and battered the Town: But the King becoming tributary, all was
turned into Joy. b This Prince was an Ufurper, and feared this Mehemet had a Defign to dethrone him.
c He had made a Promife to make them all Friars, and place them in St. Mary's Church at Beletn, which he
performed. De Faria fays, their Number was tvvei ty j and tl at he made fo many Chrijiians in Amends for one
Portugueze turned Mohammedan .
H 2
52
1502.
De Cama.
Factory at
Kananor.
' The Samo-
r'n’i Arti¬
fice.
\
Voyages to the
in theirHands^ and fwimming, fought with their a
Purfuers. Some even made up to, a d attacked
the Boats, doing much Hurt: Howexcr, molt of
them were at length {lain ; and all thole drown¬
ed who remained in the Ship, which foon after
funk. So that of three hundred Perfons, (among
whom were thirty Women) not one efcaped the
Fire, Sword, or Water.
The General being come to Kananor , fent to
acquaint the King, he defired to fpeak with him :
For this Purpofe, a wooden Bridge was made,
which entered a good Way into the Water. This
was covered with Catpets ; and at the End, to¬
wards Land, a Houfe of Wood was fet up, fur-
nifhed alfo with Carpets. The King arrived firft,
accompanied with 10, ooo Nayres\ the Trum¬
pets founding, and other Inftruments playing be¬
fore him. Soon after, the General came, ac¬
companied with all the Boats of the Fleet, fur-
nifhed with Flags, mulical Inftruments, and Ord¬
nance, under the Difcharge of which he landed.
There were carried before him two large Silver
Bafons gilt, to wafh in, covered with Pieces of
Coral, and other Things efteemed in the Indies.
He was received at the Head of the Bridge by
feveral Nayres , placed there for the Purpofe j and
the King came to the Door of the Houfe to meet
him. Where that Prince embraced him, and then
they walked in together, to the Room of Audience ;
where there were placed two Chairs, on one of
which the King fat down, though contrary to the
Cuftom of the Indians , in Refpedt to the Gene¬
ral. At this Interview, a Treaty of Friendfhip
and Commerce was concluded, and a Factory
granted at Kananor ; in Confequence of which,
the General laded fome of his Ships, and then
departed for Kalekut.
SECT. II.
De Gama cannonades Kalekut. Narrowly ef capes
being taken. Fit nine fs of the King of Kochi n.
E GAMA , being arrived in the Harbour,
he took leveral Paraws , with about fifty
Malabars in them, before it was known who he
was : But forbore all Hoftilities againft the City
to fee if the King would take any Notice of him.
In fome Time, there came a Boat on board, car¬
rying a Flag with a Francifcan Friar, whom at
firft Sight, they took for one of thofe left with
Ayres Correa. ' On entering the Ship, he laid,
Deo gratias ; and then they difcovered he was a
Moor. He made an Apology for coming in that
Difguife, which, it feems, he put on, the more
eafily to be admitted ; being fent with a Meflage
East Indies
from the Samorin to the General, about fettling jgo2.
Trade at Kalekut. De Gama’s Anfwer was, thatPe Gama,
he fhould not talk of any fuch Matter, till the' — -v——
King had mad_e him Satisfaction for the Goods
that were in the Factory, when he contented to
the Death of Correa , and the reft.
Three Days were fpent in Meflages back- De Gama’ 1
wards and forwards, without any Effedt : When,^#^*
the General perceiving the Drift was only to de¬
lay Time, he fent the Samorin Word, that he
would wait for his final Anfwer no longer than
Noon ; and in cafe in that Time, he did not com¬
ply with his Demands, he would make cruel.
War on him with Fire and Sword, and would
begin with thofe of his Subje&s whom he had
taken Prifoners. On this Occafion he called for
an Hour Glafs ; and told the Moor, who carried
the Meflage, that as foon as it had run out fo
many Times, he w'ould infallibly put in Execu¬
tion what he had then declared.
The Samorin , influenced by the Moors, fent And cruel
no Anfwer. Wherefore when the Time was ex- Revenge.
pired, De Gama ordered a Gun to be (hot off:
Which was the Signal for his Captains to hang the
poor Malabars , who were diftributed aboard their
Ships. Being dead, he ordered their Feet and
Hands to be cut off", and fent in a Paraw a,
guarded by two armed Boats, with a Letter for
the Samorin , written in Arabic : Giving him to
underftand, that in fuch Manner he propofed to
reward him for his repeated Breaches of Faith,
and deceitful Dealing; and that as for the King
his Mafter’s Goods, he would recover them a
hundred Fold. After this, he ordered three Ships Batten Ka¬
ta advance as near the Shore as poflible, in thelekut.
Night; and next Morning their Ordnance was
played, without Intermiffion, upon the City’,
whereby many of the Houfes were demolifhed ;
and among the reft, the King’s Palace. This
done he departed for Kocbin , leaving Vincent Sodre
e with fix Ships, to fcour the Coaft, and obftrudf
the Moor if) T rade.
As foon as De Gama entered the Harbour of Reception at
Kochin, Trimumpara b fent Hoftages on board, Kochln.
and came in Perfon to meet him on Land. At
this Interview, De Gama delivered him King
Manuel’s Letter and Prefent. The Letter im¬
ported Thanks for the kind Treatment Cabral
had met with, and Confent for fettling a Factory
at Kocbin. The Prefent confifted of a Crown of
Gold, thick fet with Jewels ; a Gold Collar, en¬
amelled ; two Silver Fountains, wrought ; two
Pieces of figured Arras ; a coftly Pavilion, and a
Piece of crimfon Sattin, and another of Sendai:
Trimumpara received it with Pleafure; and the
1 De Faria fays, they were thrown into the Sea, to be carried on Shore by the Tide. b He is fo
called by de Barros, de Faria , and others : But this laft Author, in another Place, gives him the Name of Uni-
ramacoul. See P or tug. A fa, vol. 2. p. 226.
2
Pavilioir
By
1502.
Pc Gama.
Returns a-
lene to Ka-
lekut, and
narrowly ef¬
faces.
*Tbe Samo-
nn tempts
Trimumpa
ra.
the P o
Pavilion being fet up to fhew the Ufe of it, a
further 1'reaty of Peace was concluded within it.
The King alfogave a Houfe for the Factory ; and
fettled the Rates, which Spices were to be deli¬
vered at. This Agreement was reduced to Writ¬
ing, and figned by Trimumpara , who fent the
King of Portugal the following Prefent : Two
gold Bracelets, let with Precious Stones ; a Safh for
the Head ufed by the Moors , of filver TiiTue, two
Yards and half in Length ; two great Pieces of
fine Bengal Calico, and a Stone as big as a Wal- t
nut, good againft all Poifons. This Stone is
taken out of the Head of a Beaft, called in the
Indies , Bulgoldolf % and very rare to be found.
While De Gama's Ship was lading, a Mef-
fenger came from the Samorin to acquaint him,
that if he would return to Kalekiit , all his Goods
fhould be rellored him, and a T rade granted. 1 he
General ordered the Meffenger to be confined b,
in order to puniih him, it the Samorin proved
deceitful: And againft the Advice of all his <
Captains, determined to go alone to Kelekut ;
faying, that, in Cafe of Neceffity, he would re¬
treat 'to Sodre’s Squadron, which hovered on that
Coaft. On his Arrival in the Road, the Samo¬
rin fent him Word, that next Day every thing
fhould be concluded : But as foon as he under-
ftood, that the General had left the reft of his
Ships behind, he ordered thirty-four Paraws to
go out and take him. They fet upon De Gama's
Ship fo fuddenly, that to efcape them he was ob¬
liged to cut one of his Cables, and make out to
Sea. For all this they did not give over the Pur-
fuit, but followed him fo clofe, that he muft in¬
fallibly have been taken but for Sodre’s Ships, on
Sight whereof the Paraws made off. At his
Return to Kuchin he ordered the Meffenger to be
hangedc. , .
T he Samorin was much concerned at this:
But finding he laid his Snares in vain, to take
' De Gama," he refolved to try whether he could
perfuade the King of Koch in to deny the Portu¬
gueze a Liberty of trading in his Port. With
this View he wrote him a Letter, wherein he cal¬
led the Portugueze , Robbers ; reprefenting the
Danger that might attend entertaining fuch
Guefts, and the Difpleafure it gave him. Tri-
mumpara anfwered, that fince they brought Mo¬
ney to lay out in his Country, it was his Intereft
RTUGUEZE.
53
a to encourage them; and that the Samorin would \ao2.
not be willing, at his Requell, to prohibit theDe Gama.
Moors of Mckka from trading to Kalekut. The ' v-“’
Samorin replied, that he was forry to find the
King of Kochin preferred the Friendfhip of Chrif-
iian Strangers to his, and efpoufed his Enemies ;
advifing him once more to abandon them, as he
tendered his own Welfare.
In Anfwer to this, the King of Kochin let Integrity,
the Samorin know, that he did not value hisTnumpaov.
Threatning ; and that he fhould never, through ldS
Fear of the Confequence, be induced to do a bale
or perfidious Action. The Samorin finding he could
not prevail by Intreaty, refolved to apply Force,
as foon as the Portugueze were returned home¬
wards. Mean Time he commanded twenty-
nine large Ships to be fitted out, in order to at¬
tack them once more before they left the Coafls ;
imagining, that as the General’s Fleet was heavy
laden, his would be better able to deal with it.
The King of Kochin told De Gama nothing
of what had palled between him and the S amor in
till he went to take his Leave ; at which Time,
as a farther Proof of his Integrity, he declared he
would hazard the Lofs of his Dominions, to ferve
the King of Portugal. The General, with many
Expreffions of Gratitude, allured him, that King
Manuel would never forget fo many Demon-
ftrations, as he had given, of Friendfhip ; and
engaged, in his Matter’s Name, to afford him
1 fuch efie&ual Succour, that it would be in his
Power not only to fecure his own Kingdom,
but conquer others: Adding, that thencefor¬
ward fuch fierce War fhould be carried on a-
gainft the Samorin , that far from being able to
attack others, he would have enough to do to
defend himfelf; and promifed to fend him a Fleet
of Ships forthwith from Kananor. The King
was the more pleafed with this Declaration of
the General, as it was fpoken before his Nayres ;
e who, in Friendfhip to the Moors, were forry
that a Factory had been granted the Portugueze d.
D E GA MA having failed from Kochin , about Defeats the
three Leagues from Paderane deferyed the Moor-
ifl) Fleet beforementioned, which came to inter¬
cept him in his Paffage. The General immedi¬
ately bore down upon them ; and Sodre , with
two other Captains advancing before the reft,
attacked two of the largett Ships with fo much
a De Faria calls it Bubo do If. b De Faria fays the Meffenger was a Bramerr, that he left his Son and.
Nephew as Hoftages, and went with De Gama to Kalekut, and was the Perfon who went between him and the
Samorin Alfo that the General took with him a Caravel befides the Ship. c De Fan a fays the Mehenger
Son and Nephew. d De Barros Maffi, and De Faria, tell us, that De Gama, while he was at received
Ambaffadors from the Chriftiatts of the Country about Kranganor, before-mentioned, whoie Number thc> faye
Ambaffadors trom tne uortjT / of6the moft Catholic King of Europe, to whom tney
StaSSd helXlV ^dditlgTnTo his Hands the Rod of Juftice, which was red, about the Length of a
Scepter the Ends tipped with Silver, and three Beils at the Top. They complamcd of be.ng miefled by the
GentiliS, and were difmiffed with Hopes of a powerful Alhitance.
Fury,
54
' 4
r5°3-
He Gama,
Voyages to the East Indi
E S
Fury, that many of the Men leaped into the a
Sea, to avoid their Weapons : And De Gama
'coming up with the reft of the Fleet, the Re¬
mainder of the Enemies VefTels made towards
Shore as faft as they could ; nor would the Ge¬
neral fuffer his Ships to follow them for fear of
the Shoals. Mean while the Portuguese , in their
Boats, flew all the Aloors who defended them-
lldves, fwimming in the Water, to the Number
of 300 Perfons. In the two Ships they found
much China Ware, Silver VefTels gilt, and other b
rich Merchandize: But what exceeded all the
reft, w..s an Image of Gold, weighing thirty
and came to Mosambik , where they refitted two 1503.
that were leaky. At Cape Corientes they were Pacheco,
detained by contrary Winds and Storms, which
fell with fudden Flurries. De Gama arrived at
Cafcais , the firft of September , where feveral
Noblemen went to receive and accompany him
to Court. He was preceded by his Page, who
carried a Silver Bafon, containing the Tribute of
the Kmg of Jfuiloa. The King gave him an
honourable Reception, juftly due to his great
Services ; and made him Admiral of the Indian
Seas. He conferred on him alfo the Title of
Count of Videgueyra , which was his own b. Six
' O - . r llAC^UCff 14 , vv IJ l Vll HID U W II . O 1 A.
rounds, of a monftrous Shape. I he Eyes were Days after came into Lisbon , Stephen De Gama*
ftiro T? morol.E' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ * V _ 1 J r m • 1 1 1 n 1 ^ 1 • ^
Sodre left
two Emeralds. Part of it was covered with a
Garment of beaten Gold, curioufly wrought,
and fet with precious Stones. On the Breaft of
the Idol was a large Ruby, which gave as great
a Light as if it had been Fire.
The Goods being taken out, the Ships were
whofe Ship had been feparated from the reft, at
Cape Corientes ; and, in the Way home, had
loft its Mainmaft.
CHAP. VIII.
to guard the burnt*, • and De Gama proceeding to Kananor , the c Voyages and. Tranfadlions of the Portuguese, in
r'- T^' ’ ' ” ° ~ - - India, from 1503. to 1507. with the Exploits
of Pacheco : Extratted from Caftanneda, de
Barros, and de Faria y Soufa.
CojJi.
King gave him a Houfe for the Factory which
he left there, .conlifling of twenty-four Men,
who were to be furnilhed with Spices at a fettled
Price a, as at Kochin. T. he two Nations were
to defend each other, and the King of Kananor
was not to aftift any Prince againft Trimumpara.
Then De Gama ordered Sodre to remain on that
Coaft till February-, and if, in the mean Time,
there was any Likelihood of War breaking, out,
between the Kings of Kalekut and Kochin , he
fnould winter at the latter Place : In cafe there
was not, he was then to fail for the Red-Sea ,
and take all Ships of Alekka , bound to the In¬
dies.
i he twentieth of December , 1503. De Ga-
S E C T. I.
The Samorin repulfed. Fort at Kochin. FaS lo¬
ry at Koulan. Mombafs and Brava tribu¬
tary.
TH E Samorin envying the Advantage which Trimum-
Trimumpara , King of Kochin , made of thePara’' ^
Portuguese Trade; and offended with him for
encouraging the Enemies of the Moors , whom
he fupported, which might endanger the Lofs
of the Trade of Arabia and Egypt , got together
Gene-
De Ganil - - , -j“o- — " “ — ~ ■ »»**• * * wi jm. u«u anu jLjvyjJi, LUgcmci
iavcslnAiz.ma departed for Portugal , with thirteen Ships, 50,000 Men at Panani , fixteen Leagues from
2 De Faria fays, Perfons being appointed to fettle Matters relating to Trade, in this Port, they differed about
the Frice of Spices ; on which Occafion many Threats were fent to the King; who, through Fear, granted all
he had denied to Entreaties. He makes Trimumpara as refractory at firft, as either the Samorin, or King of Ka¬
nanor y For he fays, when De Gama arrived at Kochin, he perceived thofe three Kings had combined to make
him winter there, by Fraud, and joined their Fleets to deftroy him: That not fucceeding, a durable Peace was
at lengch made with the King of Kochin ; and that the King of Kananor fearing from thence, that De Gama
would net return to his Port, fent him Word he was as ready to comply with his Demands, as Trimumpara.
b We fhall here, by way of Note, for our Readers Satisfaction, finifh the Account of this Hero. Don Vafco
De Gama, now Count of Vidigueyra, was in the Year 1524, appointed Vice-Roy of India, by King John the
- bird. He fet fail with fourteen Ships, and 3000 fighting Men : Three were loft in the Voyao-e, with all the
Men of two. Being in the Sea of Kambaya , in a dead Calm, of a fudden the VefTels tofted, % that all gave
themfelves for gore; every one cafting about how to fave himfelf. One leaped over board, thinking to ef-
cape that Way, and was drowned. Such as lay lick of Fevers, were cured with the Fright. Don Valeo, per¬
ceiving it was the Fife Cl of an Earthquake, cry’d out aloud. Courage, my Friends, for the Sea trembles for fear
of you nvho are upon it. To make Amends for thefe Misfortunes, D. George de Menefes, one of the Captains,
took a great Ship of Mekka, worth 60,000 Crowns. The new Vice-Roy being arrived at Goa, vifited a few
Forts, and gave neceffary Orders for regulating Affairs ; but had not Time to put any of his great Defigns in
Execution: For lie died on Chrifimas Eve, after he had held the Government of India three Months. He was
ol a middle Stature, lomewhat grofs, and ruddy complexioned. He is painted with a black Cap, Cloak and
Breeches, edged with V elvet, all flafhed ; through which appears the Crimfon Lining : The Doublet of Crim-
ion oattin, and over it his Armour inlaid with Gold. De Vafco had a natural Boldnefs, for any great Under¬
taking. When angry he was terrible ; patient under Fatigue, and hafty in Execution of Juftice : In fine fit for
ml that was intruded to his ConduCt, as Captain, as Difcovercr, and as Vice-Roy. He was the fixth/in the
iN umber of Governors, and fecond of Vice-Roys.
2 Kochin
By the Portugueze,
55
1503. Kochin , and made other Preparations for War. a whereof was 10,000 Ducats : Then going afhore,
Pacheco. The People of K'ichin , fearing fo great a Power,
t/YX1 were for delivering up the Portugueze to the-Stf-
Three Fleets
arrive.
The Saino-
Iin r.yuljcd.
morin , who demanded nothing more. But Tri¬
mumpara refufed, and went out with three of his
Nephews, and a fmall Force, to meet the Enemy.
At the firft Charge he was forfaken by fome of
his Nobles; yet aflifted bv the Portugueze , vali¬
antly maintained a Pafs : Till his Nephews being
killed, whereof one was General, and himfelf
wounded, after doing Wonders, he was forced 1:
to fly and fecure himfelf in the Ifland Vaipi , near
to and more tenable than Kochin , which the Sa-
morin took and burnt ; yet ftill he perfifted not
to deliver up the Portugueze. A notable Exam¬
ple of Fidelity in a Heathen, fays our Author,
fcarce to be parallel’d among Chriftians !
Whilst the People of Kochin were befleged
in the Bland, there failed from Lisbon nine Ships,
under three diftindl Commanders: The firft was
Alonfo (or Alfonfo ) de Alburquerque ; the fecund, <
Francifco de Alburquerque ; and the third, Anto¬
nio de Saldanna. The three laft were to cruize in
the Mouth of the Red-Sea , againft the Ships of
Mekka ; the others to return with their Lading.
Francis de Alburquerque arrived firft, with more
Ships than he brought out ; having met with thofe
of Vincente Sodre, who was cruifing upon the Indi¬
an Coaft, and diftreffed by Storm ; as alfo a Velfel
that had been feparated from Don Vafco De Gama.
Sodre had taken four Ships of Kalekut , which he <
carried to Kananor , and burnt feveral fmall Vef-
fels: But this happened before the Invafion of
Kochin , to whofe King he had offered his Aflift-
ance, but was not admitted a : Wherefore, failing
thence, he touched at Sokotra and Guardafu ; and,
on the Coaft of Arabia , took fome VefTels of
Kambaya and Kalekut. Winter coming on, he
put for Shelter into a Bay near the Iflands Kuria-
rnuria ; and found the Arabs of that Coaft called
Badwins , who live by their Cattle, very trada¬
ble. After two Months Stay, they advifed him
to feek a good Harbour, to avoid being caft away
in the Storms, which arofe about that Time.
Sodre would not credit them, believing they faid
it only to get rid of him : But, when it was
too late, found they fpoke the Truth, being loft
with his Brother, and all the Men, in a fudden
Tempeft. The other VefTels after being in great
Danger, and fuffering much, through Hunger
and *Thirft, efcaped, and met Francifco de Al¬
burquerque , with whom they failed to Kochin.
The Commander, immediately on his Arri¬
val, fent the King a Prefent into the Ifland, Part
L5 °3-
Trimumpara ran and embraced him, crying, Pot - Pacheco.
tugal! Portugal! which Words, all the People,
with great Cries, repeated : And the Portugueze ,
to return the Civility, cried, Kochin! Kochin!
Francifco comforted the King, giving him allured
Hopes in the Afliftance of his Ships, and the o-
thers he expected. Not to lofe Time, he fell
upon thofe who held the Ifland of Kochin , for the
King of Kalekut , and killing many People, he
( expelled the reft. Thence he palfed to Vaipi ,
and reftored that Country to its lawful Prince.
The Territory of the Lord of Repelim , was
wafted with Fire and Sword, and only four Por¬
tugueze loft in this Adlion.
The Joy Trimumpara received in being reftor- Fort built at
ed by the Afliftance of the Portugueze , moved Koch-“*
him to grant them Leave to build a Fort in Ko¬
chin. The Work was begun when Alfonfo de
Alburquerque arrived, and it was called the Fort
; of St. Jago. A Church was likewife then built,
dedicated to St. Bartbclometv. Five hundred Men
being put aboard fome VefTels, taken from the
Enemy, they burnt Repelim , after a flout De¬
fence made by 2000 Nayres. Alfonfo , ambitious
of performing fome notable Exploit, by himfelf,
advanced againft a Town ; whence a Multitude
of expert Heathens ifiuing, brought him into
great Danger, which was increafed by the Af-
fiftance of thirty -three VefTels of Kalekut : But
i his Brother Francifco coming up, they were put
to Flight, and many killed, as were 700 in the
Ifland Kalalam , where they thought to fecure
themfelves. Duarte Pacheco deftroyed another
Town, killing many of the Inhabitants. As
the Portugueze failed, fifty Ships of Kalekut met
them, and they (though victorious) being fpent
with Fatigue, were furprized at the Number ;
but the Cannon being well played, the Enemy
fled.
e Pepper was bought with fome Expence of Fufion
Blood. The Queen of Koulan offered Lading Kouian,
for two Ships. Alburquerque went thither and fet¬
tled a Trade as at Kochin ; and to manage it left
behind a Factor, and twenty-fix Men. The
King of Kalekiit perceiving the Succefs of the
Portugueze , defired Peace, which was granted,
upon their own Conditions : But after perform¬
ing only a Part, he again profecuted the War.
Trimumpara having defired fome able Commander
f might be left at Kochin , with a Number of Men
to his Afliftance ; Duarte Pacheco , with his Ship,
and two Caravels, and no Men, were fent
there.
a Caftanneda fays, lie was much importuned by the Fad or Correa, to land ; but that he wou.d neither land
his Men, nor ftav on the Coaft, under Pretence, that the Samorin did not make V ar on 1 rwtutnpara by -ea -r
and imputes the Lofs of Sodre afterwards, as a Judgment for thus defertmg the Portrgucze, and their Frotedor,
to hunt after Frizes.
T HZ
56
Voyages to the East Indies.
*5°3
Francifco
Alburquer
que lojl.
Mombafs
7 ribu tury.
The two Alburquerque's returned towards
Pacheco. Home. Alfonfo arrived fafe ; and, among other
Things, brought the King forty Pounds of Pearls,
rfcand four hundred of the fmall ; a Diamond of a
wonderful Bignefs, and two Horfes; one a Pet-
fan , the other an Arab , which were held in
great Efteem, being the firft that were brought
to the Kingdom. Franc ifco de Alburquerque ,
and the Ships under his Command, were never
more heard of. Pedro de Ataide , who followed
them, having efcaped a Storm, was found with
his Men, at Melinda.
A NTO N 10 de Saldanna , the laft of the three
Commanders, who was fent to cruize in the
Mouth of the Red Sea , having loft Diego Fer¬
nandez Peteira , came to an Anchor at St. Tbo -
mas\. Short of the Cape of Good Hope , was
made famous, a Place by the Name of Aguada
del Sandanna , or Sandanna\ Watering Place , not
for any Water he took, but for the Blood of his
Men fhed there, endeavouring to land. At this
Time Ruy Lorenzo was parted from him, by
a Storm, , which drove him up to Alozambik ,
whence he held his Courfe to fluiloa, where he
took feme fmall Prizes. Bat an Ambition of do¬
ing fomething more remarkable, carried him to
the Ifland Zanzibar , twenty Leagues fhort of
Mombaffa [or Mombafs'] where he took twenty
fmall Veffels ; after which he appeared before the
Town of that Name, whofe King defigned to
take the Ship with a Number of Paraws : But
Lorenzo fending out his Long-boat with thirty
Men, killed feveral, and took four Paraws. The
King appeared on the Shore with 4000 Men,
commanded by his Son, who was killed with
fome others, the firft Volley. Whereupon, one of
them running from the Croud with Colours,
bearing the Arms of Portugal , Peace was pre-
fently concluded ; that King agreeing to pay 100
Meticales of Gold, yearly, as Tributary to Por¬
tugal a.
Brava fub- Thence Lorenzo failed to Alelinda, whofe
King was opprefTed by him of Mombaffa , for his
Friendfhip to the Portugueze. By the Way he
took two Ships, and three Sambuks , fmall Vef¬
fels, and in them twelve Magiftrates of Brava ,
. who, as fuch, fubmitted that City to the Crown
of Portugal , with the yearly Tribute of 500
Meticales. The two Kings came to a Battle, and
parted upon equal Terms: B it Antonio de Sal¬
danna arriving, he of Mombajfa came to an A-
greement. Beyond Cape Guardafu , and in the
Iflar.ds Kanakani , they worfted fome Moors , who
would have hindered their Watering. On the
upper Coaft of Arabia they burnt a Ship laden
a with Frankincenfe ; and forced afhore another, 1*05.
that carried Pilgrims to Alekka. Pacheco.
SECT. II.
The Samorin’r Armies defeated by Pacheco. Arts
to defroy him. Sues for Peace. Kaiekut can¬
nonaded. Kranganor and Panani burnt. Pa-
checo’r hard Ufage.
MEAN Time the Samorin of Kaiekut hav*T,6* Same.
ing called together the Kings and Lords'" n/c,rw*
of Malabar , there reforted to him thofe of Ta-
nor, Befpur , Kotugan and Korin , with ten Lords
of equal Power, befides the leffer. They drew
together 50,000 Men, as well for Land as Sea :
For the Sea were 4000, in 280 Paraws, Katun
and Tonis , Veftels of feveral Sorts, with 382 Can¬
nons to batter the new Fort. The reft was for
the Land, to attack the Ford of a River, that
pafled to the Ifland, commanded by Naubea Da-
c ring (Nephew and Heir to the King of Kaiekut )
and by Elankof Lord of Repelim.
The King of Kochin , feeing many of hi ^Defeated by
Subjects defert, was in fome Fear: But Duarto1 ~<~hsco'
Pacheco , who commanded the Portugueze , encou¬
raged him, and fet himfelf in a Pofture of De¬
fence. Into the Ship he put twenty-five Men j
into the Fort, thirty-nine; into the Caravel,
twenty-fix ; into a Boat, twenty-three ; he was
in another, with twenty-two : Befides thefe, three
d hundred Malabars attended him. The King,
with bis Forces, was to guard the City. With this
fmall Power he went to meet the Samorin ; and
finding him quartered in a Village, attacked it,
and did much harm. There happened three
fierce Engagements about gaining the Pafs : In
the fiift, the Enemy loft twenty Paraws, funk by
the Cannon, 180 Perfons of Note, and above
1000 private Men ; in the fecond nineteen Pa¬
raws, and 360 Men ; in the third, 62 Paraws
c were funk, and fixty fled. At the fame Time
15,000 Men were put to the Rout by Land;
and among them the Samorin , while Pacheco
purfuing, burnt four Towns.
The Moors who were with the King of Ko- Another De¬
chin having given Intelligence to the Enemy,
Trimufnpara allowed Pacheco to punifh them.
Whereupon, fecuring five, he gave out they
were hanged, which the King and all his People
refented. The Samorin returns, and rttempts a-
f not her Ford. Diego Perez and Pedro Raphael ,
with two Caravels, anti fome Boats, were port¬
ed where the Lord of Repelim was to attack with
3000 Men, fuftained by the Prince Naubeadaring.
At this Time 300 Moors deferted Pacheco , who
a Mombafs belonged to the Portuguese, for near 200 Years: But in 1698, the Mafat Arabs took it with
very little Trouble, and put twenty Portuguese to the Sword.
wanting
By the Portuguese.
57
1 505. wanting Powder, fent to the Prince of Kochin,
Pacheco, but he did not relieve him ; the Meflenger treach-
eroufly forbearing to deliver the Meflage : But
Pacheco overcoming all Difficulties, killed 650
of the Samorin1 s Men, who retired to a Grove
of Palm-Trees, where nine were flain fo near
him, that he was fprinkled with their Blood.
After this he loft 6000 more by the Plague.
Great Pre- After this the King of Kalekut made great
fiSsfit/* Preparations ; and in the mean Time fatigued
Pacheco with feveral Stratagems and Treacheries.
The Bratnen Conjurors propofed making a Pow¬
der, which being thrown into the Eyes of the
Portuguese, would blind them, and fo they would
be eaiily overcome. Beftdes they had a new In¬
vention of Caftles that were to deftroy them :
And the Moors of Kochin wrere underhand bribed
to poifon the Water of the Ifland. The Pow¬
der was looked upon as ridiculous, but great Caie
was taken by Pacheco to prevent the Poifon.
The Caftles w'ere eight in Number, fifteen Feet
high ; each placed upon two Boats, and carrying
many Men. Pacheco had 160 Men, divided into
four Parts, the Ford, the Fort, the Caravels,
and the Ship; and herein confifted the principal
Strength of the Kingdom of Kochin : P'or of the
30,000 Men the King had at firft, there were
now but 8,000 left, many of the principal Men
having deferted. The Samorin had brought
80,000 Men, and loft 20,000. Whilft the
Towers were preparing, Pacheco, who was af-
faulted by a Number of Paraws, in one Attack
killed fome Men, and took five Boats ; in ano¬
ther eight, with thirteen Cannons.
Artifice, Six bold Nayres offered to kill him, and in
f&Samonn. order thereto, came over as Deferters ; but he
having Intelligence, apprehended and fent them
to the King. The Samorin gave out, that the
Portuguese at Kochin were all killed, to the In¬
tent thofe who refided at Kananor and Koulan ,
Ihould be deftroyed. This brought them into
great Danger ; one or two were killed, and many
wounded. The King of Kochin was refolved to
endure the utmoft Miferies, rather than abandon
the Portuguese ; but fearing thofe few muft at
laft be overpowereed by the Multitude of the E-
nemy, earneftly entreated Pacheco to quit the
Enterprize. Pacheco bid him be of good Cou¬
rage, and not difhearten his Subjedls w'ith any
Signs of Fear. To chear up the Portuguese , he
went aboard the Ship, and made a 1110ft pathe¬
tic Speech, which gave new Vigour to them all ;
but much more his Example at that very Time :
P'or fcarce was the Speech ended, when the Ene¬
my came to afl'ail him, and burn his Ships with
the Caftles : But Pacheco threw over long Beams,
one End whereof refting againft the Ship, the
other hindred the Approach of thofe flaming
Towers.
V ol. I. N° 3.
a
b
c
d
e
f
The Enemy appeared with 290 fmall Vcffels, 1 505,
well ftored with Men and Artillery ; and eight Pacheco.
Caftles, one carrying forty Men; two, thirty - ^
five each ; and every one of the other five, thirty y..
Men, with the Fireworks in Front. The Shore peace,
was covered by 30,000 Men, with good Artillery ;
and at the Head of them, the Lord of Repelim ,
with a vaft Number of Pioneers. T he Fight
began, the Odds being almoft three hundred
Veflels to three. At firft the Artillery did no
great Hurt : But being continued, tore thofe
'Powers to Pieces ; and when the Srnoak was
fomewhat allayed, the Sea appeared covered with
broken Boats, Arms, dead Bodies, and others
ftruggling with Death. The Fight was renew¬
ed with great Lois to the Enemy, and not one
Portuguese killed. Next Day the Samorin return¬
ed to the Charge, and was beaten off with great¬
er Damage. Thus, having loft 18,000 Men in
the Space of five Months, by the Advice of his
Bramens , he retired to do Penance; and, by
Confent of his Councils, defired a Peace, which
the King of Kochin granted. At this Time Pa-
checo , purfuant to a Meflage from the Fa&or at
Koulan , went thither, and made five Ships of
Moors fubmit, who obftru&ed the Market of
Pepper ; which afterwards he took at their own
Rate, without doing them any harm.
King Emanuel being informed by Don Vafco KatekCe*™-
De Gama, how neceflary it was to appear with noneded‘
a greater Force in India, fitted out a Fleet of
thirteen Ships ; the biggeft had yet been built in
Portugal , with 1200 Men on board, and gave
the Command of them to Lope Soares. The
firft Land of India he touched at was Anchediva ,
where Antonio de Saldanna , and Ruy Lorenso
were refitting, in order to cruize on the Coaft of
Kambaya , againft the Arabs of Mekka. But
Lope Soares took them along with him to Kana¬
nor, where he-ftaid to give the neceflary Orders;
and then appearing before Kalekut , had fome
Prifoners, taken in the late War, delivered to
him : But becaufe they did not give up all, he,
for two Days, battered the City ; whereof he
ruined great Part, and killed ^OO Inhabitants.
Then failing to Kochin, (at what Time Pacheco
was upon his Return to Koulan ) the King in¬
formed him of the Damage he received from
Kranganor , a Town but four Leagues diftant,
and fortified by the Samorin.
LOPE SOAREZ, with great Secrecy, pro- Kranganor
vided twenty Veflels, and failed with them up burnt.
the River, where he found five Ships, and eighty
Paraws, well manned ; which were, by two of
the foremoft Ships, burnt after a Iharp Engage¬
ment. Primumpara wras to have joined him,
but came too late. A Multitude of Indians and
Moors , with Showers of Arrows, endeavoured
to hinder his Landing, but the Mufqueteers made
Way ;
I
58
Voyages to the East Indies
2507.
Almeyda.
Panani
burnt.
Pacheco ill
rewarded.
Cturfe cf In¬
stall Trade,
Way; and having reached the Town, burnt it a
down to the Ground, while the King of Kale¬
kut fled. But this Vi&ory, and another obtain¬
ed by the King of Tanor againft him, produced
a friendly Peace.
LOPE SOAR EZ left Manuel Tellez Bar¬
reto , with four Sail, to fecure the Fort of Kochin ,
and fet fail, in order to return home ; butrefolv-
ed, in his Way, to fall upon Panani , a Town
fubjedt to Kalekut. He was met by twenty Pa-
raws, who, freely beftowing their Shot, drove b
him into a Bay, where there waited feventeen
great Ships, well ftored with Cannon, and pro¬
vided with 4000 Men. After a fierce Engage¬
ment, the Ships were all burnt with their La¬
ding, which was very rich ; and 700 Turks
drowned, befides what perifhed by Fire and
Sword, with the Lofs only of twenty-three Por¬
tugueze. Soarez failed hence the Beginning of
'January , and arrived at Lisbon on the 22d of
July, 1506. with thirteen victorious Ships laden c
with Riches ; three were of the foregoing Years
Fleet : Of his own he loll Pedro Mendoza , who
being (banded fourteen Leagues from Aguada de
S. Bias, was never more heard of. One of the
other three was that of Diego Fernandez Peteyra ;
who, after taking feveral Prizes, on the Coaft of
Melinda, difcovered the Ifland Sokotra.
The King placed Duarte Pacheco (who had fo
bravely defended Kochin ) by his Side, under a
Canopy ; and went with him, in that Manner, d
to Church, to honour his great Valour : But foon
after imprifoned, and fuffered him to die mifera-
bly. A terrible Example of the Uncertainty of
royal Favours, and the little Regard that is had
to true Merit !
CHAP. IX.
Exploits of the Portugueze, in the Tear 1507. un¬
der Don Francifco de Almeyda, firjl Vice- Roy of e
India; extracted from the fame Authors.
S E C T. I.
Qourfe of the Indian Trade , before the Portugueze
Difcoveries. Eajl Coajl of Africa, when fettled
by the Arabs. Quiloa and Mombafl'a taken.
Forts built at Anchediva and Kananor.
BEFORE thefe Difcoveries, Spices were
brought to Europe with vaft Trouble and f
Charge. The Clove of Molukko, the Nutmeg
1507.
Almeyda.
and Mace of Banda, the Sandal of Timor , the
Camfir of Borneo , the Gold and Silver of Luco-
nia, with all the various other Riches, Spices,
Gums, Perfumes, and Curiofities of China , Ja¬
va, Siam, and other Kingdoms, were carried to
the Market of the City Malakka, feated in the
Peninfula of that Name, fuppofed to be the Au-
rca Kherfonefus: From whence the Inhabitants of
the Wcftern Countries, as far as the Red-Sea ,
fetched them ; dealing by wray of Barter : For no
Money was ufed in their Trade ; Silver and
Gold being lefs wanted in thofe Countries than
foreign Commodities. This Trade it was that
enriched the Cities of Kalekut, Kamiaya , Ormuz ,
and Aden; which added, to what they brought
from Malakka, the Rubies of Pegu, the Stuffs
of Bengala ; the Pearls of Kalekare , the Diamonds
of Narfinga ; the Cinnamon, and richer Rubies
of Ceylon ; the Pepper, Ginger, and other Spice
of the Coaft: of Malabar , and fuch other Places
as Nature had enriched therewith. From Ormuz
they were conveyed, up the Perfian Gulph, to
Bafrah , at the Mouth of Euphrates ; and thence
diftributed by Karawans, through Annenia, Tre -
bifond. Tartary, Aleppo and Damafcus : And then,
from the Port of Bariit in Syria , the Venetians ,
Genoefe, and Catalonians carried them to their
refpedbve Countries. Such as went up the Red-
Sea, were landed at Tor or Sues, Towns towards
the Bottom of that Gulph ; from whence they
were conveyed by Karawans, to Kairo in Egypt ,
and fo down the Nile to Alexandria , where they
were (hipped off a.
Many Princes, being great Lofers by thi sObJh-uncd fy
new Courfe of Trade, found by the Portugueze, '^Portu-
endeavoured to drive them out of India. Togueze'
this Purpofe the Soltan b of Egypt (who was moft
afredled) gave out, that he was going to deftroy
the holy Places in Jcrufalem. Maurus a Monk
of Mount Sinai , believing him in Earneft, pro-
pofed a Journey to Rome , to procure an Accom¬
modation. The Soltan, who deftred nothing
more, gave him a Letter to the Pope ; fignify-
ing, that his R.eafons for deftroying thofe Places,
were to revenge the Damage done his Trade.
The Pope fent Maurus to Portugal ; where the
Purport of his Meflage v/as known before his
Arrival, and fuch Preparations made, that Mau¬
rus returned with more ftrange News to Kairo ,
than he brought from thence. The King wrote
to the Pope, that his Intentions, by thofe Eaftern
Difcoveries, were to propagate the Faith, and
/ 5>r a farther Account of the Matter, fee the Introduction to this Volume. b This was Almalek al AJh-
raf Ahi i Nafr bayf odam Ka/iju al ganri, commonly called Catnpfon Gaurus, the 24th Soltan of Egypt of the
Lbitcapian hiamluks, who began his Reign in the Year 1500, and ended it in 1 5 1 6 ; being flain in Battle with Sol-'
tan Selwi Kuan , Emperor of the Turks, near Aleppo, whole Expedition againft Ifmael Soft, Shah or King; of
Perfta he endeavoured to obftrudt. See Pocock's Suppl. ad Abulfaraj. Hift. Dynafi. p. 20. & D'Herbelot. Bib-
iwth. Orient. Art. Lanfu al Gaun , p. 245. J
extend
By the Portuguese.
59
T r07 extend the Jurifdi&ion of the Roman See: Which a Coaft and adjacent Blands, feldom till the Ground, 1 507
_ _ u _ _ tknm hut feed unnn wild Reads, and fome loathfomc Almeyda
Almeyda. was enough to reconcile his Holinefs to them
On the twenty-fifth of March , 1507, a Fleet
Large Fleet Gf twenty- 1 wo Ships, failed from Lisbon , carry-
,rrtvet' - jng j^oo Soldiers, commanded by Don Francifco
de Almeyda ; who went with the Title of Vice-
Roy of India. The fecond of July there hap¬
pened a terrible Storm, which feparated the
Fleet, when three Men being carried overboard,
two were loft : But the third, named Fernando
Lorenzo , crying to the Ship to have an Eye af¬
ter him, till next Morning, kept above Water,
and was then taken up alive. Almeyda arrived
at Lfhiiloa with only eight Veflels, and having
faluted the Port without being anfwered, ftudicd
Revenge. A Council being called, it was reviv¬
ed to ere<ft a Fort there, according to King Ema¬
nuel’s Defire.
EaJI Coajl of From Cape Guardafu , the moft Eaftern Point
Africa def- 0f Africa , to Mozambik , is a hollow Coaft like
a Bow when bent, extending 550 Leagues. From
Cape Mozambik to Cape C orient es, 170 Leagues;
thence to the Cape of Good Hope , 34° Leagues.
Hence the Coaft runs Northward, rounding a
little to the Weft, as far as the Kingdom of Kon¬
go. From whence, drawing a Line crofs the Con¬
tinent, Eaftward, there remains to the South¬
ward a large Peninfula, or Tongue of Land, to
which the Perfians [or Arabs~\ have given the
Name of Kajfaria , and to the Inhabitants that of
oried.
but feed upon wild Beafts, and fome loathfomc Almeyda.
Things: Thofe who live more within Land,
and have Commerce- with the barbarous Kafrs ,
make ufe of fome Milk. Nature has ftored the
Country with much Gold, that thofe People
might inhabit it; and the Covetoufnefs of Euro¬
peans , though at fuch a Diftance, found them
out.
It was Covetoufnefs that firft drew thither F>rft Scale.
the Arabs , called Emozadi, that is, Subjects
Zayde , who built two confiderable Towns, only
fufficient to fecure them againft the Kafrs. Thefe
continued fo, till great Numbers of others, from
the Ports about the City of Lazah , forty Leagues
from the Ifland Baharem d, in the Pcrfian Gulph,
came over thither, and firft planted Alagadoxa ,
then Brava ; of which Settlement the former
was the Metropolis. The firft Arabs feparated
from thefe, and mixing with the Kafrs , became
Baduis e. Thole who firft had the Trade of the
Mine of Sofala , were from AAagadoxa ; which
they difeovered accidentally. From thence they
fpread themfelves farther Southward ; but never
durft pafs Cape Corientes , a Point oppofite to the
South Weftermoft Part of the Ifland Madagaf-
car , or St. Laurence , and takes its Name from
the violent Current of Water, which often en¬
dangers Ships there.
Along thefe Coafts they poflefled themfelves Their Town;
_ - _ J , L 1 1 * /- rv rut tlir Cnatl *
Name of Hajfaria, and to tne innaDitants tnac or A/r niri t/w ontbcCoafh
Kafr Si which fignifies a rude People, without d of Afanfaar, Mdmda i the Ides of Pirn-
_ J 5 ^ b „ -n _ 1 a:. _ /1/7. V.nnrrihnr. MnnHa. Comoro, and others. d)ui-
Law or Government a. Beyond this, on the
Eaft, for above 200 Leagues Northward, runs
the Coaft called Zanguebar b .* But the Arabs and
Perfians give this Name to all the Coaft, as far
as the Cape of Good Hope. Above Zanguebar , as
far as the Point Guardafu , and Mouth of the
Red- Sea, is that Part which the Arabs call Ajamc,
or Ay ana, inhabited by Arabs, and the Inland, by
heathen Blacks. , _
<Tke Jnhabi - Most of this Coaft is very low, being fubject
ttntu to Inundations, and covered with impenetrable
Woods, which make it exceflive hot and un¬
healthy. The Natives are black, with curled
Hair. ' In Religion they are Idolaters, and fo giv¬
en to Superftition, that, upon frivilous Motives,
they give over the moft important Defigns: Thus
the King of Lguiloa at this Time failed to meet
Don Francifco de Almeyda, becaufe a black Cat
crofled his Way at coming out. The ^Cattle,
Fruit and Grain, is anfvverable to the Wild nefs
of the Country. The Moors who inhabit the
ba, Zanzibar , Monfia , Comoro , and others. £>ui-
loa was the chief of all their Plantations, and
from thence many others were propagated, par¬
ticularly on the Coaft of Madagaskar. The Sea,
by Degrees, wearing away the Land on both
Sides, made f^uiloa an Ifland. The Soil bears
many Palm and Thorn-trees, divers Herbs and
Plants ; Cattle, wild Beafts and Birds, much
like thofe of Spain : The Buildings alfo are after
the Spanijh Manner, flat at the Top, with Gar¬
dens and Orchards behind. On one Side is the
royal Palace, built in the Manner of a Fort ; the
Gate towards the Sea, oppofite to the anchoring
Place, where the Portugueze Fleet, at that Time,
rode.
Don Francifco landing at the Head
Men, he, with his Son Lorenzo, attacked
City in two Places ; where entering, Amir Ibra¬
him fled, and fet up in the Field Portugueze Co¬
lours, which ftopt the Purfuit till he had got over
to the Continent, with his Wives and Riches.
of 5OO Quiloa taken
:ed the7^Wtr-
. ed.
Kafr, by them. > Zmitvr, <* ““ ^oifg’th cJrJs, (ignite the'fame asBar-
that Coaft, before the Arabs fettled thej . J .|.e por'tuvutzc putting in for « at the End of Words,
barians among us. But we take the true Name o Ik -.jan the P $. the Arabk dual of ^ahr,
? Fe“dm? Prosily &T/. that ^ Feopfe of the Defat : Tire fame called by us, corruptly, tefate
and Badevjs. j 2 ’ The
6o
Voyages to the E a s t I n d i e s
without the Lofs of
great Number of the
l 507. The City was plundered,
Almeyda. one Portuguese , though a
C/'V’NJ Enemy was killed. Ibrahim was but an Ufurp-
er, though the forty-fourth PofTelTor of that
Ifland. When Things were fettled Almeyda de¬
clared Mohammed Ankoni ( Ibrahim’s Relation,
who had been ferviceable to the Portuguese) King
of that Place, putting a Crown of Gold on
his Head, with great Pomp : The new King at
the fame Time declared', that had the lawful
King Alfudail , murdered by the late Ufurper,
been living, he would have refigned the Crown
to him ; and actually appointed Alfudail s Son
his Succeffor, though he himfelf had Children.
A rare Example of Moderation !
I N twenty Days the Fort was raifed, into
which the Vice-Roy put 550 Men; and leaving a
Caravel and Brigantine to cruize there, on the
eighth of Augti/l failed with thirteen Ships for
Mombasa (or Mombajfa ) feated like £>uiloa, in
an Ifland, which is about fourteen Leagues in
Compafs. The City is beautiful and llrong, with
a large Bay for Shipping. Two Veflels that
were lent to found the Bar, were played upon by
a Platform, which commanded it, with eight
Pieces of Cannon : But a Ball falling luckily a-
Tert bulk.
Mombafta
taken and
bunt..
which burnt twenty-four Ships (belonging to Ka- 1^07.
lekut , and other Places) there prepared to receive Almeyda.
them ; only a few of the Moon being faved by
fwimming. Almeyda at Kochiti intended to have
crowned Trimttmpara its King, to reward his Fi¬
delity and Gallantry ; but being retired to a re¬
ligious Life, it was thought fit to bellow that
Honour upon Nambeadora , his Nephew and Suc-
ceflor, who was inaugurated in great Solemnity,
with a Crown of Gold fet with Jewels, carried
from Portugal for that Purpofe.
SECT. II.
Fort built at Sofala. The Country deferibed. Strange
Dijlrefs of Portugueze. Confederacy to dr he
them out cf India. Seylan dif covered. Brinjan
burnt.
I N G Emanuel fent Pedro de Annaya , af- Fort
_ ter Don Francifco, with fix Ships to build at 03 ’
a f ort at Sofala , famous for its Gold Trade: To
fecure which, he had already caufed a Fort to be
built at fpuiloa, another at Mozambik , and a
Factory to be fettled at Melinda. Annaya raifed
a Fort there, llrong, though of Wood, with
Leave of the King ; who imagined that the Por-
K
mong the Enemies Powder, obliged them to quit tugueze would be foon obliged to quit it, by rea
Fart at An-
•hediva.
the Work; and, after driving them from two
lefler Batteries, the Fleet entered without farther
Refiftance. Don Francifco then fent to burn the
Ships of Kambaya in the Port; and, landing his
Men, entered the Town the fifteenth of Augujiy
while the King fled out at the other End. In
this Action were loll only five Portugueze-, of the
Moors , 1513 were killed, and 1200 taken. Af¬
ter which the City being plundered was burnt
to the Ground.
Thence Almeyda departed for India ; and
coming to Anchediva , there built a Fort, into
which he put So Men, and then failed to Onor
on the Coall of Malabar ; where being ill
ceived, he burnt the Town, and the Ships that
were in the Harbour. Here the Vice-Roy was
wounded with an Arrow ; and a Party lent to
attack 1500 of the Enemy, had like to have been
defeated : But farther Mifchief was prevented
by Timoja , Governor of the City, a Man of
graceful Prefence; who excuflng his King, and,
in his Name offering Vafialage to Portugal , ap¬
pealed Almeyda
5
re-
fon the Country was unhealthy : But finding
himfelf deceived, he took the Opportunity, when
Annaya had fent away three of his Ships, and
his Men were weakened through Difeafes, caufed
by the bad Air, to aflault the Place with 5000
Kafrs : But great Havock was made with the
Cannon, though only thirty-five Portugueze were
able to bear Arms. Afterwards fallying with fif¬
teen or twenty Moors , they drove the Enemy
into a Wood of Palm-trees; and attacking the
Town by Night, with a few Men, entered the
King’s Houfe, who Hood behind the Door, with
a Sy meter, and wounded Annaya in the Neck : <Tbe King
But was foon killed, with many more. Next
Day his Son, with all the Moors , afiaulted the
Fort, but in vain ; for the Fright cured many
of the Sick, who joined in the common Defence.
Afterwards the two Brothers fell out about the
Succefllon ; and Annaya being gained by Soleyman ,
crowned him : Who, for his own Security, made
a llrong Alliance with the Portugueze.
Here Annaya found twenty Portugueze in a Strange Dif-
miferable Condition. At Cape Corientes , being
Fort at Ka-
nanor,
The Vice-Roy then failed to Kananor , where f no longer able to keep their Ship above Water,
he had an Interview with the King, who brought
with him 5000 Men well armed, and gave him
Leave to build a Fort in the Harbour ; where he
left Lorenzo de Brito with 150 Men, and two
Veflels, to cruize upon the Coall. Being in¬
formed at Kuchin, that all the Factory at Koulan
had been killed by the Moors , he fent his Son
thither, with three Ships and three Caravals,
they ran her alhore: After which, refufing to
obey their Captain Lope Sanchez , they divided
into feveral Companies, and fo travelled through
thofe unknown Countries. They fuffered extream
Hardlhips before they reached Sofala. All were
loll except thofe twenty, and five found by An¬
tonio de Magallanes, in the River of Afuihame.
I
The
By the Portugueze,
61
1 508.
Almeyda.
Sofala
Country.
fbt Inhabi¬
tants,
Confederacy
againjl the
Portugueze.
The Kingdom of Sofala *, is a large TraCl a
of Land, fevcn hundred and fifty Leagues in Cir¬
cumference; fubjeCt to the Monomotapa , whofe
Empire bears the fame Name. ’Tis watered by
the Rio del Efperitu Santo and Cuama , the latter
navigable two hundred and fifty Leagues. Thefe,
and many other Rivers that fall into them, are
famous for their Golden Sands. Moft Part of the
Land enjoys a temperate Air, is pleafant, wholfome,
and fruitful. Here are reared great Flocks of
Sheep, with whofe Skins, the Natives are cloath- b
ed, becaufe of the cold South Winds. Along
the Bank of the Cuama, the Country is moun¬
tainous, covered with Woods, and watered with
many Rivers, which make it delightful. Here it
is the beft peopled, and the common Refidence of
the Monomopata. It is {locked with Elephants,
(confequently Ivory ) and Mines of Gold, encom-
pafled thirty Leagues about with Mountains, on
the Tops whereof, the Air is ferene and clear.
They are called the Mines of Manica , fifty c
Leagues South- Weft of Sofala. There are others
a hundred and fifty Leagues diftant, none then
much valued by their Owners. Here are fome
Buildings of wonderful Structure, with Infcrip-
tions of unknown Characters : But the Natives
know nothing of their Foundation.
The Inhabitants believe in one God, under
the Name of Mozimtr, and ufe no Images.
Witchcraft, Theft, and Adultery, are moft fe-
verely punched by them. They have as many d
Wives as they can maintain: Thofe of the King
are above a thoufand ; but the firft commands the
reft, and her Children inherit. In their Funerals
they are very fup&ifttitious. Their Cloathing is
Cotton, the better Sort mixed with fome Gold
Threads. The Houfes of Wood. The King’s
Attendance, more ceremonious than great. His
Guard two hundred Dogs; and is always follow¬
ed by five hundred Jefters. He is Sovereign over
many Princes ; and becaufe they rebel, always e
keeps their Heirs about him. There are noLaw-
fuits among them. They fight a- foot. Their
Arms are Arrows, Javelins or Darts, Daggers,
and fmall Iharp Hatches. The W omen are fo
much refpeCled, that if the King’s Son meets
one, he gives her the Way, and flops till fhe
pafs. Thefe Mines of Sofala were firft poffeffed by
the Moors of Magadoxa ; afterwards by thofe of
Gjuiloa, whofe Kings enjoyed them, till Tufef,
one of their Governors, rebelled, and ufurped the f
Sovereignty to himfelf, ailuming theTitleof King ;
with whom Pedro de Annaya now treated.
Whilst thefe Things happened at Sofala , in
India, the Samorin of Kalekut , had ftirred up the
Soltan of Egypt ; and hoped, with his Afiiftance, to 1 508.
drive the Portugueze out of thofe Seas. This was not AJmeyda.
carried fo privately, but the King of Kochin had -v— — 1
Intelligence of it, and advertifed the Vice-Roy Al-
meyda ; who fent his Son Lorenzo with eleven Sail,
to prevent the Defign. As he vifited fome Ports,
News was brough thim, that in the Road of Kana-
nor, was a Fleet of two hundred and fixty Parazvs,
whereof fixty exceeded our Ships in Bulk. He di¬
rects his Courfe toward them ; and after a very
fharp Engagement, they were put to Flight, and
fome taken, but many funk, and obliged to run
aground : With great Lofs to the Enemy, and of
his own, only five or fix Men. Soon after, the
Fort of Anchediva was befet by fixty well armed
VefTels of Moors and Gentiles , commanded by a
Renegado : But hearing that Lorenzo was coming
to its Relief, they went off with all pofiible Speed.
The Moors perceiving their Trade was cut Seylan Ay-
off by the Portugueze , thought to fhun them by covered.
keeping out at Sea in their Voyage to Sumatra
and Malakka ; where they went for Spice, fti ik¬
ing through the Maidive Iflands, and bearing
away South of Ceylon. The Vice-Roy fent hisSon
from Kochin , with nine Ships, to infeft that Courfe :
But the Pilots wandering through unknown Seas,
difeovered that Ifiand. They anchored at the
Port of Gale ; where many Moors were lading
Cinnamon, and taking in Elephants for Kambaya.
They, fearful of Don Lorenzo’s Anger, prefen t-
ed him, in the Name of the King, with 400
Bahars of Cinnamon. He well underftood the
Contrivance; but thought it at that Time, bet¬
ter to difl'emble, and content himfelf with the
Prefent, and Difcovery of Ceylon: Planting there
a Crofs, with an Infcription fignifying the Time
of his Arrival.
In his Return to Kochin , he fell upon the Town Brinjan
of Biramjam b, which he burnt down, putting'
all to the Sword, in Revenge for the Portugueze
killed at Koulan; becaufe that Town belonged to
this Crown. Mean while Pedro de Annaya , and
moft of his Men died at Sofala ; and not long
after, the Fort of ^ iiiloa was raifed by the Portu¬
gueze themfelves : All the EffeCl of their ill
Ufage towards the Natives, proceeding from their
boundlefs Avarice and Pride.
SECT. III.
De Cunna and Albuquerque fent to India. Oja
taken. Lamo fubmits , and Brava burned.
TH E King being informed by Diego Per- Mure Fcrcct
nadez Piteyra, that there were ChriJPtans fent to
at Sokotra , who were fubjeCl to the Moors, he Indl?~
• burnt ,
a This Coaft is now called Sena by the Portugueze, who have the whole Trade along it. See Hamilton's mav
Account of the Eaft Indies, vol. 1 . p. 8. b Or Brinjan, where the Evglijh had afterwards a Factory for
fome Time. , ,
ordered
62
V o y A g e s' to the E A s t Indies
1508.
Come to Ma
dagafkar.
ordered Trijlan de Cunna , and Alfonfo de Albu-
Almeyda. querque , to dire£t their Courfe thither, and take
the Fort; to the Intent his Fleets might afterwards
winter there, and fo the Navigation of that Sea
be fecured. On the fixth of March , 1508, they
failed from Lisbon with thirteen Veflels, and
thirteen hundred fighting Men; whereof fome (be¬
ing infedled with the Plague, at that Time raging
in the CityJ died by the Way. When they came
under the Line, the Sicknefs left them. They
palled Pii Sight of Cape St. Augujlin in Brazil ;
and in crofting the vaft Ocean between, that Place
and the Cape of Good Hope , Trijlan de Cunna run
fo far to the Southward, that fome of his Men
periftied with Cold, and he difcovered the Iflands
{till called by his Name. Here being affaulted
by a Storm, all the Ships were parted, each run¬
ning a different Courfe, till they met again at
Mozambik ; except Alvaro Tellez , who being dri¬
ven as far as Cape Gnardafu , took fix Ships, fo
laden with, all Sorts of Goods, that from them
to his own Veffel, he made a Bridge of Bales,
thrown into the Sea, over which the Men palled
as on dry Land.
RUT P E RE TRA, who fell into Matatanna,
a Port of Madagaskar , being informed it abound¬
ed in Spice, efpecially Ginger, invited thither
Trijlan de Cunna , who came and anchored in a
Bay ; which his Son Nunno de Cunna , called de
Dona Maria de Cunna , after a Lady he courted :
Others name \iOf the Conception. At a Town, in¬
habited by Moors , and governed by a Sheikh, in
a clofe Bay, which receives the great River Lu~
langan , they had a Skirmilh, and found the
Illand produced little Ginger.
Hence de Cunna font Alfonfo de Albuquerque
with four Sail to Mozambik , where coming, after¬
wards they proceeded to Melinda , whofe King
obliged him to fall upon Oja ; a City, which be¬
ing aflifted by the King of Mombajfa infelled
him. The Arabs inhabited this Country, where
are feen fome antient and wonderful Stru&ures.
Each City, and altnoft Village, has a King,
whom they call Sheikh ; the chief are £>uiloa ,
Zanzibar , and Mombajfa: But he of Melinda
pretends to be ancienteft, deducing his Pedigree
from thofe of Sjuitau, a City eighteen Leagues
from him ; which though ruined, (hews theFoot-
fteps of its former Grandeur, having been fupe-
rior to Luziva , Parimunda , Lamon , Jaka , Oja ,
and other its Neighbours. The Country is wa¬
tered by the River Gulirnanja. George Alfonfo go¬
ing up this River five Days, faw on the Banks
impenetrable Woods, and in the Water, an in¬
finite Number of Sea Horfes.
Oj a. taken. TRISTAN DE CUNNA (with fix Ships)
Proceed to
Mtiinda.
1 appeared before the City Oja , Handing feventeen r £08.
Leagues from Melinda , on an open Shore, fecu- Almeyda.
red with a Wall towards the Land, which hides ' "“v-
it from the Kafrs. Fie fent the Sheikh Word,
that he had important Affairs to communicate
with him: Who anfwered, that he was a Sub¬
ject of the Soltan of Kairo , head Khallfah of the
Houfe of Mohammed , therefore could not treat
with People that were fo much his Enemies.
Trijlan , confidering the Danger of Delays, as
b foon as Day appeared, divided his Men into two
Parts in Boats ; one Part commanded by Alfonfo
de Albuquerque , the other by himfelf. And tho
the Sea feemed to favour the Moors , who flood
on the Shore to hinder their Landing, they were
forced to -fly, entering at one Gate, and running
out at the other.
NUNNO DE CUNNA, and Alfonfo de No- The Shell*
ronha , purfued the King, with many of his Men,
into a Wood of Palm Trees, and killed him in
c the Midfl of them. George Silveyra , perceiving
a grave Moor , who led a beautiful young Woman
through a Path in the Wood, ran at him ; and
the Moor , making Signs to the Woman to fly,
whilft they fought, fhe followed him, fignifying,
{he had rather die, or be taken with him, than
efcape alone: And Sylveyra feeing them flrive who
fhould give the greatefl Demonftration of Affec¬
tion, let them both go away ; faying, God for¬
bid my Sword fhould part fo much Love. The
d Town was plundered, and then burnt with fuch
Precipitation, that fome of the Portugueze perifti-
ed in the Flames.
The City of Lamo , fifteen Leagues diftant, Lamo ju^
knowing what had happened, its Sheikh came»/V*, and
and fubmitted himfelf, offering a Tribute of 600 Brava hurrA*
Meticals 3 of Gold yearly, and paid the firftYear
in Hand. The Fleet went on to the City Brava ,
a populous Place, before conquered, but then in
Rebellion, with 6000 armed Men on the Shore,
e But de Cunna , and Albuquerque , next Day land¬
ing in two Bodies, in Spite of Showers of Ar¬
rows, Darts, and Stones, lcaled the Walls, and
routed the Moors ; after waffling the Streets with
their Blood, and killing fo many, that theirNum-
ber was not known. Of the Portugueze, forty-two
were loft, half through Covetoufnefs : For over¬
loading a Boat, they were drowned with theSpoil ;
barbaroufly acquired, by cutting off the Hands
and Ears of Women, to fave Time in taking off"
f their Bracelets and Earings. The City being
burnt and plundered, de Cunna fet Sail ; and met
off of Cape Guardafu, Alvaro Tellez , who had
been in a Storm with the rich Booty before fpoken
of.. Having difcovered the Cape, he ftood for
Sokolora.
SECT.
8 A Metical is a Coin of about a Ducat Value.
By the . Portugueze,
1508.
Almeyda.
SECT. IV.
Sokoitadefcribed'. Its Inhabitants Cliriftians. Taken ,
and the King Jlain. The Samorin’j Arms. Bar¬
barous Action of a Portugueze. Panani taken
with great Slaughter.
Sokotra, or O0 KOTO RA [or Sokotra] is an Ifland, twenty
Sakatra dc- Leagues in Length, and nine in Breadth ; it
firibed, ]|es almoft Eaft and Weft, in the Latitude of
twelve Degrees forty Minutes. It is the biggeft
about the Mouth of the Red- Sea ; but .has no
Ports fit for any Number of Ships to winter.
Athwart the Middle of it runs a Ridge of Hills,
as high as the Clouds, yet the Sand of the Shore,
is carried up to the Top, by the North Winds.
This renders it barren, not only of Plants, but
Trees; excepting fome fmall Valleys, that are
under Shelter of thofe Winds. It is diftant from
the Coaft of Arabia fifty Leagues ; and thirty
from Cape Gnardafu. The Ports moft ufed by
the Portuguese are Zoko, inhabited by Moors-, Kalan-
fea to the Weft ward, and Beni to the Eaftward.
The Natives are unpolifhed. The Valleys, fhel-
tered fromSand, produce Apple, and Palm Trees,
and the beft Aloes ; which for its Excellency, is
called Zocotorinos, The common Food is Maiz,
or Indian Wheat, Tamarinds, and Milk.
Inhabited by They are all Jacobite Chrijlians , like the
Chriflianj. Abijfms. The Men ufe the Names of the Apoftles,
the Women chiefly that of Mary: They worfhip
the Crofs, which they wear on their Cloaths, and
fet up in their Churches; where they pray thrice
a Day in the Chaldean Language, alternatively,
as in a Choir. They receive but one Wife ; ufe
Circumcifion, Fafting, and Tithes. The Men,
comely ; the Women, fo manly, that they fol¬
low the War, and live like Amazons. Some of
them, for Propagation, making Ufe of fuch Men
as arrive there; and even bringing fome by Witch¬
craft a. Their Cloathing, fome Cloth and Skins;
their Habitations, Caves; their Weapons, Stones
and Slings. They were fubjedl to the Arabian
King of Kajhen (dr Kajfin).
63
a DE CUNNA found here an indifferent Fort, 1^08.
not ill manned, nor unprovided. Being provoked Almeyda.-
by the Sheikh’s Anfvver to his Meffage, he re-C^VX*
folved (though it were dangerous) to land with J^Jand
Albuquerque. The firft who leaped aftiore, was King (lain,
his Nephew Don Alfonfo de Noronna , with a few,
but brave Men. The Sheikh received him wdth
no great Number, though much Gallantry, main¬
taining his Ground, and threatening de Cunna ;
who, through a Shower of Bullets and Stones,
b made his Approach to the Fort, and was brifkly
repulfed by the Sheikh, whom then, Don Alfonfo
ftruck down with his Lance. Hence enfued a
fharp Skirmifh ; the Moors endeavouring to carry
oft" their Prince, and the Portugueze to hinder it :
Till he and eight more being {lain, the Enemy
fled to the Caftle, which was fealed ; and thofe
who entered, opening the Gate for the reft, a
bloody Fight begun within, the Moors difputing
it to the laft Man : For out of eighty, there was
c but one left alive, befides a blind Man, who was
found in a Well; and being afked, how he got
there ? anfvvered, That blind Men faw only one
Thing , which is the Way to Liberty ; and which
even blind Men coveted. He had his Liberty given
him. The Portugueze loft fix Men. The Na¬
tives, who had kept off, hearing of their Succefs,
came to thank de Cunna for delivering them from
the heavy Yoke of thofe Mohammedans ; and were
received under the Protedlion of the King of
d Portugal: Who having chofen Don Alfonfo de No¬
ronna to command the Fort, if taken, de Cunna
gave it him, with a hundred Men for Garifon.
De Cunna wintered in thofe Parts ; after which,
he failed for India , and Albuquerque for the Coaft
of Arabia.
While thefe Things delayed the Fleet, the.-y^ Sama_
King of Kalekut relying on the Succefs, promifed rin arms
by his Soothfayer, (as foretold by a great Earth- ‘,Sain'
quake, and Eclipfe of the Sun which happened,
e fo great, that the Stars appeared for a confiderable
Time) was arming again!! the Portugueze : But
the Viceroy Almeyda , fent out a Squadron of ten
Ships, which the Samorin little expected, under
a Tliis Remark is to be confidered as the Superftition of the Portugueze, from which it feems, our Author de
Faria (in other Matters a wife Man) is no freer than the reft. It will divert the Reader to hear what he writes on
this Head, in another Place. In all Parts of India, fays he, there are prodigious Wizards . When Vafco de
Gama was failing upon that Difcovcry, fome of them at Kalekut Jhcwed People , in Bafons of Water, the three.
Ships he had with him. When Don Francifco de Almeyda, the frft Vice-Roy of India, was returning to Portugal,
fome lb itches of Kochin told him, he Jhould not pafs the Cape of Good Hope; and there he n.uas buried. [This is
drained a little ; for he did pafs the Cape, and was buried at the Bay of Saldanna, fome Leagues beyond, as
will be feen hereafter.] What follows is ftill more extraordinary: At Malkat, there are fuch Sorcerers, that they
eat the Infde of a 'Thing, only fixing their Eyes upon it. With their Sight they draw out the Entrails of any human
Body, and fo kill many People. One of thefe Fafcinators, fixing his Eyes on a Bateka, or Water-Melon , fucked out
the Infde: For being cut open to try • the Experiment, it was found empty ; and the Wizard, farther to Jatiffy the
spectators, vomited it up again. See Portugueze Afia, vol. 2. p. 510. !Tis plain from hence, that a Perfbn of
the beft Underftanding, is capable of believing the worft of Nonfenfe, when once he gives up hisReafon in any
Thing.
. Command
64. Voyages to the
ico8. Command of his Son Don Lorenzo ; who failing a
Almeyda. to Dabul , difcovered the Fleet of Kalekut , and
C/'V'NJ would have engaged it : But on Account of the
Narrownefs of the Place, it was carried in Coun¬
cil, not to attack them them. For which, on his
Return to Kochin , he was feverely reprimanded
by his Father, who broke all the Officers, and
fent them to Portugal.
Barbarous GONZALO VAZ, who followed Don Lo-
Aaionof renzo, meeting a Ship of Kananor , with a FVta-
Vaz’ gueze Pais, funk it, and all the Moors fewed up 1
In a Sail, that they might never be feen: But his
Villanv, for all this Caution, foon came to light; for
one of the Bodies being found on Shore, and
known to be the Nephew of Mamala , a rich
Merchant of Malabar , the Samorin ufed it as an
Argument to gain the King of Kananor , who be¬
fore, wanted to break with the Portugueze.
Lorenzo de Brito , Captain of the Fort there, on
whom at firft the Sufpicion fell, was prefently be-
Occafum a fiege(j by 20,000 Moors, when Afliftance came 1
War* from the Vice-Roy: But their Magazine of Pro-
vifion taking Fire,' they were forced to eat Ver¬
min ; and had been familhed, but for abundance
of Lobfters, which the Sea, being then rough,
left behind, and was their only Relief. The Sa¬
morin, having fent a powerful Supply, the King
of Kananor gave an Affault both by Sea and Land,
with above 50,000 Men ; who were repulfed with
great Lofs, and not one Portugueze killed. The
King vexed at this, and terrified at the Coming 1
of de Cunna , fues for Peace.
Panani After this, the Vice-Roy went with de Cunna
taken •with fau upon Panani, a Town fubjedf to Kalekut ;
%Z' b‘cy where there were four Ships of the Samorin,
, avg to. commanc|ec! by Kutioli, a couragious Moor. They
went up the River through Showers of Balls from
the Shore, which is high ; and the Moors ran in¬
to the Water to meet their Boats : But the Por¬
tugueze landing, attacked their Trenches, where
a large Moor , wounding Don Lorenzo , he with
one Stroke, clove his Head to his Bread. The
Town being entered, all were put to the Sword :
The Ships, ~ and Plunder alfo, though of great
Value, were burnt ; and only the Artillery faved.
In this Adlion, above five hundred of the Enemy
perifhed, and but eighteen Portugueze, none of
Note.
CHAP. X.
Continuation of the Exploits of the Portugueze,
under the Viceroyjhip of Almeyda, from 1508
to 1510.
SECT. I.
Containing the Actions of Albuquerque in the Per-
fian Gulf Some Ports taken. Ormuz attack-
East Indies
ed. The King becomes tributary , and breaks the 1 508 .
Agreement. Albuquerque, by the Treachery of Almeyda,
his Captainsy returns unrevenged. L —
LET us now view fome of the Exploits of Kuriat
the great Albuquerque, whofe Name is ftil land burned.
famous in the Eajl Indies. After parting from de
Cunna , the twentieth of Augujl , 1508, as before
related, he failed for the Coaft of Arabia in Per -
fta , purfuant to the King’s Order ; having with
1 him feven Sail, and four hundred and fixty fight¬
ing Men. He firft touched at Kalayata, a beau¬
tiful ftrong Town in the Kingdom of Ormuz , but
not fo populous as heretofore ; whofe Buildings
are after the Manner of Spain. The Governor,
having offered Refrcfhments, and fettled a Peace,
he went to Kuriat, ten Leagues further : Where,
being ill received, he ftormed the Town, and met
with vigorous Oppofition, but entered ; killing
eighty of the Enemy, with the Lofs of only three
: Men.
The Place being plundered and burnt, with^a^
fourteen Veflels in the Harbour, he failed eight reduced*
Leagues farther to Maskat , a Place ftronger than
any of the others, and well provided with Men ;
who, hearing of the Deftru&ion of Kuriat , re-
forted from all Parts to defend it. But the Go¬
vernor, fearing the like Difafter, made Peace,
and fent great Store of Provifions: When on a
fudden, the Cannon of the Town began to play
1 furioufly upon the Portugueze Ships, which drew
off haftily, not knowing the Caufe of this Change;
till fometime after they underftood, that 2000
Men, fent by the King of Ormuz, being arrived,
their Officers refufed to ftand to the Treaty. But
Albuquerque landing his Men at Break of Day,
affaulted the Town fo couragioufly, that as the
Portugueze entered at one Gate, the Moors ran
out of another. All the Houfes were plundered,
except the Governor’s, who had given them No-
- ticewhen the Relief came; though he was killed
in the Confufion, not being known. This done, Soar j-urre„,
hepaffed to Soar, all the Inhabitants whereof fled ,dmd, Or-
except the Governor, and fome of the principal
Moors ; who yielded it up to Albuquerque , and re-aoa,L 0hC ’
ceived back to hold of King Manuel , under the
fame Tribute he had paid to the King of Ormuz.
The Inhabitants of Orfukam , fifteen Leagues far¬
ther, having deferted it, the Town was plunder¬
ed for the Space of three Days ; and during this
f Time, he prepared to enter the Harbour of Or¬
muz, which was the principal End of the Voyage.
The City Ormuz [or rather Hormiiz~\ is feated Harmuz
in a little Ifland, called Jerun , at the Mouth of deferibed,
the Perf an Gulf, about three Leagues in Compafs;
and fo barren, that it produces nothing but Salt
and Sulphur. The Buildings of the City are
fumptuous: It is the great Market of all Goods,
brought thither from the Eaft, Weft, and North ;
whi«k
By the Portuguese.
1508. which is the Reafon, that though it have nothing a
Almeyda. of its own-, it abounds in all Things ; and is plen-
**-— t i fu 1 ly fupp lied from the Province of Mogojian in
Perfia> and the Ilia nds Kijhom % Larek , and others.
About the Year 1273, King MalekKaez poflefled
all the Land, from the Illand Jcruriy to that of
Bahrayn b, and bordered upon the King of Gor-
•dunjhdb, of the Province of Mogojian. This
King fubtily obtaining of Malek, the Ifland of
J crun, as a Place of no Worth c, after he was
fortified therein, drove his Benefa&or out of all his b
Dominions ; and tranflating the City Ormuz,
where the King kept his Court before, to this
Ifland, he grew fo formidable, that the King of
Perfidy fearing he would refufe to pay the Tri¬
bute the other had done, prepared to invade him:
But he of Gordunjhab prevented him, by impoiing
on himfelf a yearly Tribute, and offering to do
him Homage by his Ambalfadors, every five Years.
In this Tyrant began the City and Kingdom of
Ormuz ; afterwards, poffeffed by his Heirs, and
others, for the moft Part, violently.
Albuiuer- About the End of September , when Albuquer-
q»ie arri-vit ^ue arrived there, Sayf addin , a Youth of twelve
Years of Age, reigned ; and, over him, his Slave
Kbojah Attar J, a Man fubtil and couragious :
Who hearing what had been done by that Com¬
mander, made Preparations, laying an Embargo
upon the Ships in the Harbour, and hiringTroops
from the neighbouring Provinces, Perfians, Ara¬
bians, and others : So that when the Portugueze
Fleet entered the Port, there were in the Town
30 000 fighting Men ; among them 4000 Perfians,
moft expert AVchers ; and in the Harbour, 400
Veflels; fixty of confiderable Bulk, with 2500
Men. Albuquerque, to {hew thofe People the
Greatnefs of his Refolution, came to an Anchor
among five o! the largeft Ships, firing his Cannon
to ftrike a Terror along the Shore, which was
foon covered with above 8000 Men. finding no
Meflage came from the King, he fent aboard the
biggeft of thofe Ships, which wa3 of Kambaya , 1508.
and feemed to ride Admiral : The Captain where- Almeyda.
of prefently repaired to him, and was received
with Civility and State. Albuquerque told him,
he had Orders to take the King of Ormuz into
his Protedfion, and grant him Leave to trade in
thofe Seas, provided he paid a refonable Tribute :
But in cafe of Refufal, he was to make War.
It was, doubtlefs, no fmall Preemption to offer a
King the Liberty of his own Seas, and impofe
Conditions upon him, with that Handful of 460
Men, againft 33,000 ; and feven Ships, to 400.
The Moor delivered his Meflage to the King, Attacks the
and his Governor Kbojah Attar \ who prefently c,tJ‘
returned one Kbojah Beyram , to excufe their not
having fent to know what th z Portugueze demand¬
ed in that Port, promifing the Governor fliould
come next Day. He came not, but the Meflages
continued, in order to gain Time to fortify the
City, and receive farther Supplies. Albuquerque
faw into the Drift, and told Beyram, he need only
return with the Acceptation of Peace as offered,
or the Declaration of War. Beyram brought
Word, that Ormuz ufed not to pay, but receive
Tribute. As Night drew on, the Noife of war¬
like Inftruments and Shouts, were heard from all
Parts. The Morning difeovered the Walls,
Shore, and Veffels, crouded with armed Men;
while the Windows, and Tops of the Houfes,
were filled with both Sexes, and all Ages, as
[ Spectators of what fhould enfue. Albuquerque be¬
gan to play his Cannon furioufly, and was an¬
swered by the Enemy ; who taking Advantage of
the Smoak, which hindered the Sight, attacked
his Ships with a hundred and thirty Boats well
manned, which did fome Damage with Showers
of Arrows; but received more, many being funk,
and the reft forced by the Artillery to retire. Yet
they made a fecond Onfet; but were fo received,
that the Sea was coloured with Blood.
a Called alfo Kijhmijh ; in the Original Quixome. b In the Portugueze, Baharem. ; 0 This Tranfaftion is re¬
lated differently in the Hiftory of Harmuz or Ormuz , written by one of its Kings, and given us in the Abltrah by
Teixeira, at the End of his Hiftory 0 tPerfia. There we are told, that in the Year of the Hejrah, 700, and of Chrilr,
1 102, the Turks from Turkeftdn, in Tartary, having over-ran Perfia, as far as the Perfian Gulf Mir Babaddin Ayaz
Scyfin, the fifteenth King of Hartnuz, refolved to leave the Continent, where his Dominions then were, and
retire to fome of the adjacent Iflands. He firft palled over with his People to the large Illand of Broke, called
by the Portugueze , Sjueixome, very near the Coaft ; and then removed to a delart Iue, two Leagues diftant i^alt-
ward, which belonged to Neyn, King of Keys, of whom he begged it; and built a City, calling it armuz,
which was the Name of his Capital on the Coaft, [the Ruins of which are Hill extant to the E ait o f G outrun ] .
But the Arabs and Perfians call the Me Gerun, from a Fifherman, who lived on it when Ayaz nrft landed theie-.
In two hundred Years it throve fo fall, as to extend its Dominion over great Part of Arabia, much of rerjia,
and all the Gulf as far as Bafrah. It became alfo the chief Mart in thofe Parts tor Trade, (which before was
at Keys ) until the Portugueze fubdued it ; after which it declined through their Infolences and Oppreliions.
.Ayaz Seyfn was fucceededby Amir Aydz addin Gordun Shah. Thus the Reader fees, that Malek Keys, me ntione
in the Text, is no proper Name, but fignifies only the King of Keys or Kaez ; and that mitead of The King of
Gordon Shah of Mogoftdn, it Ihould be Gordun Shdh, or King , of Mogojian-, nor Was it he, but Ayaz who had
the Ifland granted him. The Hiltories of foreign Parts, written by Europeans, abound with fuch Errors. _ Of
Ornmz it was faid, that fuppofmg the World to be a Ring, Ormuz was the Jewel in it. In the Original,
Coje Atar.
V O L. I. N° 3,
Br
66 Voyages^ the
150.S. By this Time, Albuquerque had funk two of a
Aimeyda. the great Ships, and taken a third, though with
great Oppofition ; forcing the Moors to leap into
tl/wf'-’ t^ie ^ea’ Mean Time, the reft of the Captains
J‘ ’ had maftered other Ships ; and running along the
Shore, let Fire to above thirty more: Which cut¬
ting their Cables, were drove flaming upon the
Fujian Coaft, where they burnt others that lay
aground. This ftruck fo great a Terror into all
that Multitude, that they fled to the City ; and
Khojab Altar fending to offer Albuquerque all that b
had been demanded, he flopped farther Proceed¬
ings : But perceiving the Deceitfulnefs of the
Moor , threatened much worfe Effects of his An¬
ger, in cafe he perfifted in his Wiles. Thus with
the Lofs of only ten Men, mod of the Enemy’s
Veflels full of Riches, were either burnt, funk,
or torn to Pieces ; and feventeen hundred of them
killed, the dead Bodies floating upon the Water.
Many were feen with Ornaments of beaten Gold,
which the Portugueze flfhed for : Who oblerved, c
that feveral were wounded with their own Ar¬
rows; there being none ufed among the Portu-
gueze.
The King be- K HO J A H ATTAR, conftdering the Da-
enmeitribu. niage received, and what might enfue, called a
/v,-)V Council ; where it was agreed to fubmit to Albu¬
querque's Demands. The Articles were drawn,
and fworn to by both Parties: Their Subftance was,
that the King of Ormuz did fubmit himfelf to
King Emanuel , with the Tribute of 15,000 Xe- d
repbines a yearly ; and fhould aflign the Portu-
gueze Ground to build a Fort. The Fort was
immediately begun, and much advanced in few
Days : But Khojab Attar could not bear with it.
He feigned, that Ambaffadors were come to re¬
ceive the Tribute they ufed to pay the King of
Perfia ; therefore defired Albuquerque to give them
an Anfwer, fince his King was now fubjedt to the
Crown of Portugal. He gueffed at the Defign,
and bid Khojab Attar (end fomebody to him, who e
might carry the Anfwer : The Meffengers being
come, he put Bullets and Spears into their Hands,
telling them, that was the Coin the Tribute
fhould be paid in. Khojab Attar , finding his Plot
fail, endeavoured to corrupt the Portugueze with
Money; and prevailed with five Seamen. One of
them was a Founder, who caft fome Cannon
there; and another informed him, that the Ene¬
my were not compleat 460 : Hereby animated, he
lludied to break the Peace, refufing to deliver up f
thofe Men ; and pretending at the fame Time, it
was Albuquerque who broke it.
Breaks the ALBUQUERQUE began to revenge this
Agreement. Aftiont, but with little Succefs, becaufe the Cap¬
tains employed, oppofed it. Khojab Attar , per¬
ceiving this, at Night fired a Boat the Portugueze
a A Xerephin is worth about half a Crown, b
Ve.zy before related.
i as t Indies
were building on the Shore; and at the fame 1508.
Time, one of the Deferters cried from the Wall, Aimeyda.
Alfonjo de Albuquerque , defend the Boat with your 'w—v— ^
400 Men, and you fhall meet 700 Archers. Nor
was this to be admired at, fince (ome of the Cap¬
tains themfelves, gave Intelligence to the Enemy,
and perfuaded thofe five to defert. Albuquerque
burning with Rage, attempted to fire fome Ships
in the Arfenal : But failing, refolved next to be-
fiege the City; and having taken fome that
carried in Provifions, cut off their Hands, Ears,
and Nofes, and fent them in to the great Terror
of all b. There was a hot Difpute about filling
up fome Wells, that fupplied the Befieged : Info-
much that they were filled with Carcaffes of Men
and Horfes; the Captain and Guard that main¬
tained them, being all flain. The King, and
Khojab Attar , came to fecond this Atftion ; and
Albuquerque was in great Danger, his Retreat be¬
ing cut off: But a fortunate Cannon Ball opened
a Way, putting the Enemies Horfe into Confu-
fion.
ALBUQUERQUE in thefe Adtions, found Aibuquer-
his Men ill-difpofed to obey: Among the reft, Mertcd'
three Captains refolving to leave him, and fail
for India , drew up a Paper of Reafons, why he
ought to defift from that Enterprize ; which the
General gave to one of the Mafons to lay under
a Stone in the Work, faying, he had anfwered,
and would be glad to fee who durft remove the
Stone to read his Anfwer. Though each was
much offended at this, yet none replied : But jea¬
lous about the Command of the Fort when built,
the three put in Execution their Defign of quit¬
ting him. This troubled Albuquerque ; yet he re¬
folved not to defift, although two Captains that
ftaid with him, oppofed him, defirous to accom¬
pany the others : But he ufed them with fuch Se¬
verity, that they were forced to obey him.
From Bahrayn to Keyjhom failed a Fleet with 7s forced to
Relief of Men and Provifions, which Albuquerque H’fi*
purfued : But miffing of it, fell upon a Country
Houfe of the King’s, guarded by three hundred
Foot, and fixty Horfe, and beat them out ; kil¬
ling eighty with the Lofs of one Man. He re¬
turned to Keyjhom , and fell upon five hundred
Archers, fent to Ormuz by the King of Lar (in
Perfia ) under the Command of his two Nephews,
and flew them and moft of their Men, though he
had but eighty with him.. The Brothers he fent
to Khojab Attar as a Prefent. The Town was
burnt ; and there being taken among the Plunder
a Carpet, fo big, that the Soldiers were about
cutting it, for the Conveniency of Carriage, Al¬
buquerque bought, and fent it after to Sant Jago,
in Galicia. Finding he had but few Men left,
thofe much harrafied, and Winter coming on.
This Action was no lefs barbarous than that of Gonza/o
he
1508.
Almeyda.
Jlttams and
barns Ka-
layat.
By the Portuguese.
he refolved to go to Sokotra , and gave Leave to a
Juan de Neva to fail for India , where he had
commanded a Fleet before.
A LBUQZJE RQUE wintered at Sokotra,
and relieved the Portugueze who were there op-
prefifed by Famine. To this Effect, he went him-
felf with his Ship to Cape Guardafu , and fent
others towards Melinda, and Cape Fitm, to Fiz'e
fome Ships for the fake of their Provifions, which
put a Stop to the growing Evil. He then refolved
67
1508.
S ^ C T II Almtyda.
The Soltan of Egypt fends a Fleet again ft the Por¬
tugueze, who are defeated > and Don Lorenzo,
the Vice- Roy s Son, ft ’ant. The Art of Male:: Azz,
Lord of Diu.
WHILST this happened at Ormuz, the^'^f
Soltan of Kairo fet out a Fleet of twelve *
Sail, and fifteen hundred Men, commanded by
too weak to effeft what he b
intended : Yet at leaf! to found the Defigns of the
King;, and his Friend Khojah Attar. By the VV ay
he refolved to be revenged on Kalayat , for Inju¬
ries done to fome Portugueze. This Towrn is
feated beyond Cape Siagro , called alfo Cape Ra-
felgat, at the Mouth of the Pcrftan Gulf. On
the Back of it is a Mountain, which has only
By the \Vay he attacked Imbo b, and killed the
Sheikh: The fame he did at joddah, and^got
great Plunder ; then failed to Diu , where A'lalek
Azz c, commanded for the King of Kambaya ,
whom he was to join, and treat with, in order to
oppofe the Portugueze. The 1 irnber whereof
thefe Ships were built, was cut in the Mountains
fomePaiTcs, that opTa C—lcation wit'h of Dalfia by Procurement of the
the neighbouring Country. One of thefe Pafles (as was faid) becaufe the Soltan and Turk were at
is juft Soppofite to' the Town, through which is c Variance. A Nephew of the Soltan carnet, it : m
managed moft of the Trade of that Province of twenty-five Ships, with eight hundred Mamluks
Arabfa, called Al Taman % which is full of po- befides Seamen. Andreo de Amai 'all , a Po^c^
nulous Cities, fruitful, and of great Trade. Al- commanded then the Galleys o Mai. a. lie know -
\u auerque no fooner arrived, but he landed and ing that Timber was defigned againft his Coun-
entered the Town ; fome of whofe Inhabitants trymen in India, attacked the twenty- five S i ps
fled to the Mountains , and others were flain in of the Enemy, with fix hundred Men m four
the Street^ He flayed there three Nights, upon Galleys, and fix Ships; and after a fharp Eng 0
one of which a tblfund fc, gJng'in by ant that Med three jHnj took feven and
Sumrife did much Hurt: But the Portugueze funk five. The reft fled to Alexandria, whence
gathering, killed many, put the reft to Flight, d the Timber was earned up the N.U to Ka.ro,
and burnt the Place. They got a great Quantity and thence on Camels, to iaiz.
lit Succefs
at Hormuz
of Provifions, which was moft of the Booty ;
and arrived at Ormuz the thirteenth of Septem¬
ber.
ALFONSO DE ALBUQUERQUE pre-
At this Time the Vice-Roy Don Frdncifco de Sent again*
Abney da, was upon the Coaft of Malabar, and 1 '*£**"-
had fent his Son Don Lorenzo, to guard thofe of 5
Kananor and Kochln , and ran as far as Chaul with
fently advertifed the King, ^Khojah Anar of eight Ships o^oflte
his Arrival ; and they anfwered, that as for the
Tribute of 15,000 Xeraphines, they were ready
to pay it, but would not confent to the building
a Fort. He therefore refolved again to befiege
the Ifland ; and ordered Martin Coello, with his
Ship, to guard the Point Turumbaka, where the
• Wells are : Diego de Melo was polled oppofite to
the Ifland Keyjhom ; he, and Francifco de Tavora ,
before the City. Thence he viewed the Growth
of the Fort, for Khojah Attar had finifhed it ;
making Ufe of what the Portugueze had began,
the better to oppofe them. The Succefs was much
the fame as before. Diego de Melo, with eight
private Men, were killed, and he in great Dan¬
ger himfelf. After this, he returned to India,
having taken a Ship, that carried much Pearl
R?ver, two Leagues from the Sea ; one of the
chief of that Coaft for Greatnefs and Trade,
fubjea to the Nizamaluco d, by whofe Order,
i Don Lorenzo was well received. They had fome
Intelligence of the Fleet of the Soltan, but gave
no Credit to it, till it- appeared in Sight, as Don
Lorenzo was diverting himfelf afhore with his
Officers. They hafted to the Ships, .giving .fuch
Orders as the Shortnefs of Time permitted ; and
were fcarce aboard, when the Enemy, entered the
Harbour with many Demonftrations of Joy : lor
Mir Hujfeyn thought himfelf fecure of Victory,
by furprifing the Portugueze Ships, and defigned
f to board the Admiral- himfelf. Coming up with
Don Lorenzo, he poured in Ball, Arrows, , Gra-
nadoes, and other Fireworks; but was fo well
‘one of
a Original, Ayotnan.
of Nezam al Mulk.
b Rather Tambu , or Ten: be.
K 2
c Original, Mtlique Az:
d A Corruption
lefs
68 Voyages to the East Indies
i 508. lefs than his. The others had no better Succefs;
■Aimeyda. and now Night approaching, gave them Time to
v - 'prepare againft next Morning.
The Fleets As foon as Day appeared, Don Lorenzo gave
ea£uSe‘ the Signal of Battle; and, in his Turn, endea¬
voured to board Mir Hujfeytr. The like- was
done by the other Captains : But only two
Galleys fucceeded, which took two of the Ene¬
my, having put all their Men to the Sword.
Mean while, the Cannon was furioufly played on
both Sides, and the Portuguese feemed to have the
Advantage ; when Malek. As z. Lord of Dlu ,
came with a great Number of fmall Veffels well
manned, to the Afliftance of Mir Hujfeyrt. Don
Lorenzo fet two Galleys, and three Caravels, to
hinder the Approach of the Relief; which exe¬
cuted their Commiflion fo effe&ually, that they
obliged him to fly to another Place for Shelter :
And the Fight continued till Night parted them;
each ftriving to conceal his Lofs from the other.
The Portuguese Captains having met in Council,
they judged: it Rafhnefs to perfift in that Enter-
prize ; fince Malek Azz was fo near with fuch
powerful Afliftance ; and alledged, that it was
convenient to take the open Sea, either in order
to efcape, or to fight with lefs Difadvantage.
Don Lorenzo , remembering the Anger of his Fa¬
ther, for not fighting the Fleet of Kalekut in the
River of Dabul , and fearing his Retreat might
be termed a fearful Flight, refolutely expcdled the
Morning ; only making fome Motion to fave the
Ships of Kochin , that were in great Danger.
The Pcrtu- MALEK A ZZ, imagining this Motion was
qiczede- in order to fly, launched out from his Retreat,
not at all daunted to fee many of his Veffels torn
in Pieces by the Portuguese Cannon, and charged
brifkly. tJnluckily at this Time,. Don Lorenzd s
Ship running foul of fome Stakes that, were drove
/ in the River, let in fo much Water, that there was
no preventing her finking ; though that brave
Commander laboured indefatigably, till a Ball
broke his Thigh. Then ordering himfelf to be
fet againft the Main-maft, he flood encouraging
his Men, till another Ball broke his Back, and
killed him. The Body being thrown beneath
Deck, was followed down by Gato his Page, who
bewailed him with Tears of Blood as well as
Water, being (hot through the Eye with an Ar¬
row. After a vigorous Refiftance, the Moors en¬
tered the Ship, and found the Page by hisMafter’s
Body, who rifing, killed as many as covered.it,
and then died upon them. The Ship funk at laft.
Of above a, hundred Men that were, with Don
Lorenzo , only nineteen efcaped. In all the Ships
were loft a hundred and forty ; of the Enemy
fix hundred. Two other Captains got to Kockin ,
a where the Vice-Roy then was, and received the 150?.
News of his Son’s Death, with a wonderful Re- Almeycte,
folution, c— -v— J-
Soon after he received a Letter from Malek -Art of Ma.
Azz. This Man, born in Slavery, and defcend-lek Azz*
ed of the heretic Chrijiians of Roxia a, rofe by
Degrees to the Height he then appeared in. But
the principal Adfion that advanced him was very
trivial. It feems, a Kite flying over the King of
Kambaya , dunged upon his Head, whereat in a
b Paflion he faid, I would give all 1 am worth that
Bird were killed. Malek Azz, who was an ex-
pert Bowman, no fooner heard this, but he let
fly an Arrow, which brought down the Kite.
The King rewarded this Exploit fo bountifully,
that the Archer came to be made Lord of Diu ,
a moft famous City ; which being feated on a
triangular Peninfula, joined to the Continent by
a very fmall Ifthmus, is commonly reputed an
Ifland. Malek Azz endeavoured politicly to fe-
c cure himfelf at the fame Time, both with the
King of Kambaya , and the Portuguese , whefe
Power he feared, and hated, for the Damage they
brought to the Trade of Diu. With this View
he fent the nineteen Prifoners to the King of
Kambaya ; and then wrote to the Vice-Roy, con¬
doling the Death of his Son, whofe Bravery he
extolled, and offered to ranfom the Prifoners :
Endeavouring this Way to appeafe the Wrath, he
knew he had provoked, by affifting Mir Huffeyn ,
d which was the Caufe of all the Portuguese Lofs. j-
SECT. III.
The Vice-Roy fails with a great Fleet. Takes and
burns Dabul. Comes before Dili. Defeats the
Egyptian Fleet. Makes Chaul tributary. Re¬
turns for Portugal. Slain by the< Way. .
THIS fame Year 150S, about the Begin- Recruit fret*.
ning of April , failed from Lisbon feventeen Portugal.
Ships, which being all feparated by bad Weather,
at length met at Mozambik 5 except one that was
caft away on the Iflands of Trijlan de Cunna :
Thefe Ships, with thofe of the foregoing Year,
came together to India , and raifed the Courage
of the Portuguese.- The King had ordered, that
Don Francifco de Aimeyda fhould refign the Go¬
vernment to Albuquerque , and return home in
one of the. trading Ships : But he fufpended the
f Execution of this Order, under Pretence of be¬
ing already engaged in taking Revenge of Mir
Huffeyn , and the Rums or Turks , who had killed
his Son. And hereupon arofe a Conteft, which
proving of no Effeft, Albuquerque offended there¬
at, went to Kochin j and this was the Beginning
©L
3 This is RuJ/ia . .
1*509.
Almeyda.
The Viceroy
Jail} for Diu
T> abul at¬
tacked.
Taken and
burnt.
By the P o
of fome Mens protracting the Time of their
Command, and others prefling them to quit.
The Vice-Roy having, after this, difpatched'the
trading Ships homeward bound, under Fernando
Soarez , and Ruy de Cunna , who perifhed by the
Way, failed the twelfth of December from Ka~
nanor towards Diu, in Purfuit of Mir Hujfeyn.
He had with him nineteen Veflels of feveral Sizes,
and in themfixteen hundred Soldiers and Seamen,
whereof four hundred were Malabars. All India
was alarmed at this Motion of the Vice-Roy’s ; but
chiefly the Samorin, and Malek Azz , who had
ufed all neceffary Precautions to fecure himfelf
againft this Danger. Don Francifco being landed
with his Officers, in the raoft delightful Ifland of
Anchediva , it was unanimofly agreed to fall upon
Dabul.
This City is one of the mofl: noted on that
Coaft, by Reafon of its Situation, Greatnefs, and
Trade, feated on a navigable River, two Leagues
from the Mouth. The Buildings were then (late¬
ly, the Inhabitants Pagans and Moors : It belong¬
ed to Sabay , King of Dekan , in whole Borders
it flood; and was provided with a good Garifon,
being in Fear of the Portugueze Power, upon
Notice of whofe Approach, fix thoufand Men
were fent to reinforce them, and new Works
raifed, planted with Cannon. However, the In¬
habitants, on the Vice-Roy’s Approach, began to
fend away their Goods, which the Governor for¬
bid on Pain of Death ; and the more to encou¬
rage them, brought his own Wife intotheTown ;
which Example was followed by many of the
principal Men, whofe Wives were alfo at their
Country Houfes. The thirtieth of December , the
Fleet entered the Port, and every one flrove who,
fhould land firft. The Works being high, the
Shot flew over the Portugueze , who having gained
the Shore, divided themfelves, in order to attack
three Gates at once ; which the Moors perceiv¬
ing, made fo brave a Refiflance at each Place,
that the dead Bodies caufed a greater Stop than
the Defendants or their Works.
NUN NO FAS PE RE FRA, being fent to
force Entrance another Way, after a hot Dif-
pute, put the Moors, though very numerous, to
flight, towards the Mountain ; in fuch Hurry,
that by falling one over another, they retarded
their own Efcape, though purfued by only ten
Portugueze. In the Fight, which lafled five Hours,
fifteen hundred of the Enemy were killed, with
the Lofs but of fixteen Portugueze. Th? Vice-
Roy diftributed his Men through the'Streets, with
Orders to keep Guard, expecting the Enemy’s
Return: Who accordingly, by the Favour of
the Night, dole into the Town, hoping tore-
cover their Wives, Children, and Goods. In
RTUGUEZI, 69
a the Morning, theVice- Roy gave Leave to plunder, 1509.
which was hindered by the fudden Firing of the Almeyda.
Houfes ; which in a few Hours, reduced the — v*
Whole to Afhes : So that the Booty exceeded not
a hundred and fifty thoufand Ducats. This was
done by theVice-Roy’s Order, left the Men taken
up with the Riches of the Place, might retard
his other Defign. The Ships in the Harbour
fhared the fame Fate. They could get no Provi-
fions hereabouts, becaufe all was deflroyed by
b Multitudes of Locufts, whereof many were found
in Pots, preferved by the Natives for Food. The
Portugueze found them pleafing to the Palate, and
not unlike Shrimps, which made them take them
for Land Shrimps. Thus in fome Places, parti¬
cularly in the Vineyards about Rome , Crabs are
found much like thofe of the Sea.
The Vice-Roy in his Paffage from Dabul to Coma befir* -
Diuy took fome Ships with Moors , and got Pro- Diu*
vifion for their Ranfom. The fecond of February ,
c 1509, he arrived at Diu , which appeared high at
Sea, encompafted with Walls and Towers, beautiful
and ftrong, populous and well governed ; in every
Thing refembling the Cities of Spain. Malek Azz ,
Lord of this City, was at thisTime abfent, twenty
Leagues off with his Army, againft the Rasbuts *:
But had continual Advice of the Motions of the
Fleet, which was fcarce anchored before the City,
when he flew thither, but without any Defign
either toaffift Mir Hujfeyn, or exafpe^ate theVice-
d Roy ; who, in the mean Time, confidered the
ftrong Situation of the Place, much improved by
Art, as well as the Courage and Condudl of the
two Moors , afiifted with above two hundred Vef-
fels, well manned and provided. Between eight
and nine in the Morning,, when there was Flood
enough for the Ships to fwim, the Admiral gave
the Signal for entering the Port. Immediately
all moved on both Sides with loud Shouts, and
Sound of warlike Inftruments. The Veffels of
e Malek Azz, ran to oppofe the Entrance, fhower-
ing Bullets and Arrows, which flew ten Men in <•
Diego Perez's Galley that led the Way. Yet
Nurno Vaz pierced forward, and pouring his Shot
among the great Ships, funk one to rights : But
being in Danger between two of them, was re-
feued by George de Melo ; who, with the other
Captains, boarded every one his Ship, while the
Vice-Roy, playing, his Ordnance in the Midft of
the Enemy’s Veflels, favoured their Defign.
f At length, th e Paraws of Kalekutfte d, fpread- Defeats the
ing the News along the Coaft, that the Rums or^|yptian
Turks, were victorious. Mir Hujfeyn, being (lightly ‘
wounded, in Defpair got to Shore in Difguife ;
and rode to tell the King of Kambaya the FaKhood
of Malek Azz, who had afiifted him with his
Ships, but not his-Perfon. The Abfence of Mir
* Written alfo Rafputs, Rajbputs, and Rajapus.
Hujfeyn
TO
/
l'509-
Almcyda.
Voyage'S to the East Indies
Chaul be¬
comes tribu¬
tary.
Almeyda’i
Return and
Heath.
Htijfeyn did not ditcou rage thole in his Veflels : a
For being boarded, they fought without yielding,
till they were all {lain. A great Ship, belonging
to Malik Azz, was funk, and others taken.
After which, the Viftory being no longer doubt¬
ful, the Vice-Roy made up to the remaining
Ships, where his Galley, and other lefler \ eflels,
killed all that leaped into the Sea So that the
Water was turned into Blood. Of the Enemy,
above fifteen hundred were flain j and but about
forty of the Portugueze. The Plunder of the b
Ships was very rich; and by the great Variety of
Volumes, in feveral Languages, it was judged,
the Men were of feveral Nations. Among thele
Books, there was feme in Latin, Italian , and
Portuguese. Of all the Veflels that were taken,
onlv four Ships, and two Galleys were preferved,
the reft being burned. Our Author, de Faria ,
complains of the barbarous Cruelty with which
the Conquered were treated in this A&ion.
Next Morning, Mdlek Azz pretending to be (
much pleafed with the Vice-Roy’s Viftory, fent
Seyd AH % a Moor of Granada , to congratulate
him. Some of the Portugueze Commanders were
for pufhing their good Fortune, and attacking
Diu ; which the Vice-Roy was againft : Becaufe
the King of Kambaya , to whom the City belong¬
ed, was their Friend, the Place ftrong, and they
much weakened ; nor could the Town be main¬
tained if taken. Hereupon it was agreed to liften
to the Moor , with whom a profitable Peace was ,
fettled : He delivering up many captive Portu-
gueze , with all the Artillery and Munitions be¬
longing to fome Ships of the Rums , which were
afterwards burnt. The Vice-Roy, on his Re¬
turn, arriving at Chaul , the King became tribu¬
tary ; and at Kochin was received in a triumphant
Manner. Here Alfonfo de Albuquerque , again pref¬
ixing him to deliver up the Government, he was at
the Inftigation of others, lent Prifoner to Kana-
nor : But Don Fernando Coutinno , who arrived
foon after with fifteen Sail from Portugal , and an
extraordinary Power from the King, calling at
Kananor , carried Albuquerque to Kochin , where he
fettled him in the Government of India.
ALMETDA left Kochin with three Ships on
the nineteenth of November ; and having palled
the Cape of Good Hope , prailed God, for that
the Witches of Kochin were Liars, whofaid, they
fliould not pais it : But putting into the Bay of
Saldanna , not far to the North, in order to take
in Water, was prevailed on, againft his Will, to
goafhore to puniih the Blacks, for knocking out
the Teeth of one of his Servants, who had de- 1509.
ferved that Treatment. There went with him Almeyda^
an hundred and fifty, the Flower of th* Ships, to'-
a referable Village, and took fome Cattle and
Children : Which the Blacks perceiving, one hun¬
dred and feventy of them came down from the
Mountain, whither they had fled, and attacked
them with their {harp-pointed Stakes fo furioufly,
that they foon killed fifty ; and among them, the
Vice- Roy, who was ftruck through the Throat. Fie
was fixty Years old, of a graceful Prefence, and
obliging Carriage ; of found Judgment, liberal
and grateful. Don Francifco wore the Coat, or
upper Garment (which was then ufed inftead of
the Cloak at prefent) black ; the Doublet of crim-
fon Sattin, the Sleeves whereof appeared ; the
Breeches alfo black, which were Breeches and
Stockings, reaching from the Feet to the Waift:
Over them Boots; a Truncheon in the Right-hand,
the Left upon his Sword, which hung almoft be-
Before this, in 1508, Duarte de Lemos, be-zenjibar
ing made Governor of Ethiopia, and Arabia , bay- and Pemi*
ini failed with a Squadron to MozawbU and
Hilda, fet out to vifit Mon fa, Zanzibar , Pemba ,
and other Iflands, which negle&ed to pay the
ufual Tribute. The ftrft fubmitted immediately ;
but the two latter making Refiftance, the Inhabi¬
tants were driven to the Mountains, and the
Towns plundered. Diego Lopez de Sequeira, be-
1 ing entrufted with the Difcovery of AAadagaskar
and Malakka , fet out for the latter, calling at Pa -
dir , and Pa fen b. Their Kings fent him Pre-
fents, and made great Offers of Friendfhip. Caft-
in<r Anchor at Malakka, he terrified that CoaftMaiakka
with his Cannon. A Boat coming to his Ship,
to inquire who they were, he fent Word, there
was an Ambaflador from the King of Portugal to
the Sovereign of that Place. The King s An-
fwer was doubtful, as is ufual, when theii De-
e figns are pernicious ; and Hierom Teixeyra, who
was fent as Ambaflador, was honourably received,
the better to enfnare Lopez, who accepted of the
King’s Invitation, but did not go: Being inform¬
ed, "that the Defign was to murder him ; and the
Son of Utimuti Raja was fent on board him for
that Purpofe, but did not effeft it. However,
while thirty Men were fent to another Place u\
take in Pepper, by the crafty Direftions of the
King, the Fleet was fuddenly attacked by feveral
f Veflels : From which, Lopez at laft freed himfelf,
finking feveral of them ; but loft his thirty Men,
who were killed in the Town.
a Seyd, in Arabic,
With the Spavtjh Cid.
lord:, and is the Title of the Chiefs of the Families of Aids Fbfterity : The fame
L Pafier and Pi/a/tg, as tile Evglijh call them.
C H A P.
By the
*5I0‘
Albuquer¬
que.
CHAP. XL
PORTU G U ET Z E. 71
a on the Ifland of Ortmtz. About the End of Jet* 1510*
nuary , he failed from thence with feventeen hun- Albuquer-
dred Men, in twenty-one Vefi'els of feveral Sizes.
Exploits of Albuquerque, while 1 ice-Roy of Calling in at Onor , he changed his Defign, by
India, from 1510, to 1516.
SECT. I.
Kalekut burnt. Goa deferibed. It furrenders to
Albuquerque. Is deferted by the Portugueze,
and retaken by them.
Kaiek :,t /fLFONSO D E ALE UQUE R QUE now
pofiefled of the Government, prepared, along
with Don Fernando Coutinno , to fall upon Kalekut ;
where they arrived the fecond of January 15 10?
with thirty Veffels and eighteen.hundred Men, be-
tcickcd ar.d
burnt.
Advice of the Pirate Timoja , and went to attack
Goa , in whofe Port he anchored the twenty-fifth
of February.
T IKUARl is an Ifiand on the Coaft of Ka- Goa de¬
nar a, formed by two Mouths of the River Gafim :fcr:bld‘
Its Length from Eaft to W eft, three Leagues; the
Breadth, one. It confifts of Hill and Plain, has
good Water, is very fruitful, pleafant, beautiful,
and healthy. On the North Side of this Ifland is
feated Goa, which formerly was on the South. The
City now in being, was built by Malek HufJ'eyn,
a Moor , forty Years before the Arrival of the
fides Boats of Malabars, who followed in Hopes of Portugueze. ’Tis not known when the old was
Plunder. Every one ftrove to land firft. Coutinno
had eight hundred Men, and feme Field Pieces :
Albuquerque had the fame Number, befides fix
hundred Malabars. They marched with more
Confulion than Order, each ftriving to be fore-
raoft. Six hundred Men, in the Bulwark of Se¬
ram, made a vigorous Refiftance, tili Albuquerque
coming up, they quitted it. Coutinno, upon this,
marched forward to the Palace of the Samorin,
which was five Leagues from the Shore; where
being arrived, much fatigued, his Men fell to
plundering, without Shame or Order : But in the.
Interim, the Enemy being reinforced, returned,
and fell upon the Portugueze, killing many under
Albuquer- their Burthens. Albuquerque having, by this Time,
que in gnat entered and fired the City, marched toward Cou-
Danger, f}nna, who had fent to him, being in imminent
Danger. Pie found him blocked up in the Pa¬
lace : Nor could he affifthim, being hindered by
the Multitude of the Enemy, who flew many of
his Men ; and wounded him with a Dart in the
Throat, and a Stone in the Head, fo grievoufly,
that he was carried fenfelefs to the Shore. By
this Time, Coutinno, and feveral more, were flain
in the Palace ; befides many on the Way, who
were opprefled by Numbers, fpent with Labour
and Pleat, or ftifled with the Duft. They had
doubtlefs all perifhed, if two thoufandMen, left in
the City, had not come up in Time, and obliged
the Enemy to retire. They loft, in all, eighty
Men.
ALBUQUERQUE, upon his Return to Ko-
chin, made Preparations for a third Attempt up-
founded : But Mention is made in fome Writings
of Montrafat , King thereof, above one hundred
Years before.
About the Year 1300, the Moors began tOMohamme-
conquer India. The firft that attempted it with dan^ Car-
great Power, was Xa Nofaradin a, King of Delli: ?:"j '
With a powerful Army he came down from the
North, conquering all the Gentiles as far as the
Kingdom of Kanara. Thence he returned to
Delli , leaving Habed Shah to profecute the Con-
quefts ; who by his Valour and Conduct, became
fo great, that he coped with his Mafter. His
Nephew Madura b, profecuting what his Uncle
had began, poflefled himfelf of the Kingdom of
Kanara ; and calling oft' his Allegiance to Shah
Nafr addin, called the Kingdom Dekati, from the
fundry Nations, with which he conquered it,
this Word importing fo much in that Language.
So great an Empire always threatneth Ruin.
Mahmud Shah, fearing this, ufed great Induftryto
fecure himfelf, which he did for a Time ; but at
length, feveral Governors, entrufted with the
Command of different Provinces, eredled them in¬
to Sovereignties, [imprifoning their King at Beder
Capital of Dekan\.
The greateft of thefe was he of Goa, when gabay Adel
the Portugueze entered India , called Sabay, whoKhan.
died about the Time of Albuquerque1 s Defign upon
that City; which Kufo, King.of Hi da lean c, had
taken Poflefiion of, and put it in the Hands of
his Son Ifmael. The other Princes were Niza-
maluco , Mudra Maluco, Melic Perl do, Coja Mo -
zadan, Abexeipado, and Kotamaluco d, all great
a Shah Nafr addin : This was the Surname of Mahmud , who was famous tor his Conquefts in India. He was
the fixth King of a Dynafty of Turks from Pafui, who founded the Kingdom of Debit or Delli, in 1202 or
rather ufurped it from the Family of Ghaur, as they had conquered it about 115 5, from that of GW;, which
had fubdued all India as far as the Ganges in 1001. Mahmud Shah began his Reign in 1246. oee D Herb 1 lot
Art. Dcheli, p. 189. fcf Gen. lift . of the Turks, Mogols , and Tartars, vol 2. P-755- fat the
fpoken of in {he Text mnft have happened before the Year 1 300. b Miftook doubtlefs for Mahmud Shah.
C It fliould be Kufo Adel Khan. Add Khan fignifies the King of Juftice; and is only a Title. 1 hexe Names
are ftrangely corrupted by the Portugueze, as well as the Princes not well diftmguifhed : For only three were very
eonfidenfbie : Nizam Shah, Kotb, or Kothb Shah, , and Add Shah. The firft (who is the fame wim Ntzamaluco
or rather Nizam al Mulk) had Vizapur-, the fecond, (the fame with Cotamaluco ) Golhnda; and the third, Atf-
nagar. See Tbeveaot's Travels, part . 3. /. 91 . For Shah, others put Man, or Mulk.
72
Voyages ^ the
1510. Princes, [and Foreigners except Nizamaluco ].
Albuquer- Sab ay was born at Saba * a City of Perfta, of
.que. very mean Extraction; but ferved the King of
Dekan fo fortunately, that he gave him the City
Kilberga. Thence he extended hisConqueft over
the Gentiles of Bifnagar ; and afterwards took the
Ifland of Goa , (which, not long before, had been
feized by the Moors , who came from Onor) : -Mu¬
lch HuJJeyn , who was then Lord of it, and de¬
fended it with twelve hundred Men, being killed
in the Attack. Goa had feveral Dependencies,
with which, and others he had conquered, Sabay
became the moft powerful of thofe Princes;
againft whom be maintained himfelf while he
lived : But his Death produced great Alteration.
«,Goa attack-- ALBUQUERQUE having fent his Nephew
ed, Sun-ai- Don Antonio de Noronna , and Timcja, to -found the
.dsn. River, on whofe Bank .GW is feated, found a Fort
well furnilhed with Guns, and four hundred Men ;
which they attacked and took, after a ftout Re-
fiftance, made by the Commander Tazu Gorji , a
valiant Turk. This Man flying to the City, Ti-
. moja took another Bulwark with thirty Men:
Next Day, as Albuquerque entered the River, he
was met by Mir Alt , and other chief Perfons
cf the City, who came to furrender it; on Con¬
ditions, that their Lives, Liberties, and Eftates,
fhould be fecured. This unexpected Surrender
was owing to the Terror which feized them, on the
Report Tazu made of what he had feen a few Por-
iugueze do; and to the Prediction of a Joghi, (one
of their religious Men) who not long before had
declared, that Place Ihould foon be fubjeCt to
Strangers. Such are the fatal EfFeCts of Superfti-
tion ! The feventeenth of February , Albuquerque
was received afhore as if he had been their natural
Prince ; and, mounting a Horfe, they brought
him with rich Furniture, at the Gate received
the Keys, and v/ent on to the Palace built by
Sabay: From whence he difpatched Embaflies to
divers Princes.
Beficgcd and Fou r Months after, the Moors in the Town,
deserted who had delivered it up fo cahly, only to avoid
their own Ruin, and gain Time, till Relief came,
revolted. Ijmael Hidalcan [ Adel Khan ] fet out
with a great Power, to aftift the Revolters; fend¬
ing before his great General Camalcam [Kamel
Khan'] with fifteen hundred Horfe, and eight
thoufand Foot. Albuquerque having feized and put
to Death the Pleads of the Confpiracy, prepared
the beft he could for his Defence. However,
Kamel Khan , with fome Lofs, entered the Ifland,
and encamped about the City, (whither all the
Portugueze retired) playing his Cannon to good
Effect. Albuquerque did all that could be export¬
ed from him ; but Adel Khan coming up with
fixty thoufand Men, whereof five thoufand were
East Indies.'
t Plorfe, it was refolved in Council, to abandon 1710.
the City in the Night. This was executed with Albuquer-
great Hazard : For Adel Khan had began to cut^136-
off their Retreat to the Ships, in which Albuquer- — jr
que had his Horfe killed ; yet got oft, without
Lofs, after a Siege of twenty Days.
The fame Year, 1510, Albuquerque, being r e- Attacked a
inforced by Ships from Portugal , fet out from
Kananor with twenty-three Sail, and fifteen hun¬
dred fighting Men. At Onor he landed, to be pre-
b fent at Timoja’s Wedding, who married the
Daughter of a Queen ; and fent wdth him three
Ships', promifing to join him at Goa , with fix
thoufand Men. November the twenty-fecond, the
Vice-Roy anchored a fecond Time before that
Citv, and at Break of Day affaulted' it, with great
Slaughter ; the Portugueze entering with the Ene¬
my, who fled, and doing great Execution in the
Streets. The Fight wasfurioufly renewed at the
Palace, with great Danger to the Portugueze : But
c Albuquerque coming up, the Aioors abandoned the
City ; and endeavouring to get over to the Con¬
tinent, through Hafte and Confuhon, perifhed in
the River. Out of nine thoufand who defended
the Town, fix thoufand were deftroyed, and but
fifty Portugueze. The Booty of Horfes, Artillery,
Provifions, and Ships, was exceflive. Not one
Moor was left alive in the Ifland : But the Gen¬
tiles were reftored to their Farms, and the Go¬
vernment of them given to Timoja , who came
d not till the City was taken. After this, Albuquer¬
que received Ambufladors, with Congratulations
from feveral Princes of Ma 'ibr.r ; and laid the
Foundation of a F^ort, whn r-c ed Manuel^
after the King. He alfo coino Tver and Cop¬
per Money; his Intention being to make Goa the
Portugueze Bulwark in India . Havin'" left four
hundred Portugueze for the Defence of it, and
five thoufand Gentiles , under Meirau , Nephew to
the King of Onor , to fecure Country, and Reve-
e nue, he returned to Kochin ; where, under Pre¬
tence of going againft the City of Aden , in Arabia ,
(according to the King’s Inftrudtions) he prepared
for the Conqueft of Malakka.
SECT. II.
Malakka deferibed. Is attacked by the King of
Siam. Taken by Albuquerque. Utimuti Raja
and his Son executed.
f rip H E City of Malakka is fituated on that Part Malakka
Jj_ of Land commonly called the Aurea Kber-dcLnbe**
fonefus , or Golden Peninjula , and about the Middle
of the Channel, w'hich parts the Ifland of Suma¬
tra from the Continent. It lies in fomewhat
more than two Degrees of North Latitude,
ftretchcd along the Shore about a League in the
* Hence called Sabay , which, according to the Arabic Idiom, fignifies any Perfon or Thing, coming from or
belonging to Saba. 3 fame
By the Por
I/r j I. fame Manner as Lisbon. It is divided by a Ri-
'Aibuquer- ver, and the two Parts joined by a Bridge. The
Buildings are of Wood, except the Mofk and
Palace, which were of Stone. It afforded a
pleafant Profpecff to the Sea, and was well fecur-
ed with Fortifications. The Port was filled with
Abundance of Ships, as being the great Market
of all thofe Parts. It was firft built by the Se-
lates , a People for the moft part employed in
Fifhing ; who joined themfelves to the Malay s,
that before inhabited the Mountains. T hey
were aflifted by Parifamora , to whom they fub-
mitted. This had been a confiderable Perfon in
the Illand of yava : But being expelled by a Ty¬
rant, who ufurped his Lordfhip, he fled to Sin-
capura , and was well entertained by the King ;
againft whom, however, he rebelled, and was
again caft out by the King of ■ Siam, and fo for¬
ced to wander about Malakka : A juft Punifhinent
for his Ingratitude. Yet having increafed the
new Colony, he gave it the Name of his own for¬
tune ; for Malakka , in the Malayan Language,
fignifies a banifhed Man. The firft King of
Malakka , was Xaque Darxa a, (or, as another
Author fays, Raal Sabu ) Son of Paramifora , fub-
je£l to him of Siam ; from whom his Succeflors
v revolted. The Country of Malakka is fubjedl
to Inundations, full of thick Woods, ftored with
hurtful and dangerous Creatures, chiefly Tigers,
which obliges many People to pafs the Nights on
the Tops of high Trees; becaufe they fetch
them off the low ones with a Leap. The Men
are couragious, the Women wanton. The Trade
of the Eaft and Weft make Malakka moft rich
and populous.
Malakka MO HAM MED reigned at this Time, a-
"kcKhJ’lf gainft whom the King of Siam had lent an Ar-
Sum, * my of 40,000 Men ; moft whereof perifhed by
fundry Accidents, and partly by the Treachery
which that King pradtifed againft Diego Lopez
de Siqueira : But now came Albuquerque to re¬
venge them all. Mohammed feared the Reward
of his Bafenefs, and therefore brought to his Aid
the King of Pahang b, with a great Force ; and
had now 30,000 Men, and 8000 Pieces of Can¬
non. The fecond of May , 15 n, Albuquerque
fet out from Kochin , for Malakka , with nineteen
Sail, and 1400 fighting Men ; 800 of them Por-
tugueze, the reft Malabar s. In the Way they
took five Ships of the Moors , bound for Malak¬
ka, off of Ceylon. Being arrived on the Coaft
of Sumatra, the Kings of Padir , and Pazem c,
fent feme Moors to vifit him. Nehoada Beghea ,
whodiad a chief Hand in the Treachery of Ma¬
lakka, being taken at Sea, to the Aftonifhmcnt
of all, fhed not one Drop of Blood, tho’ pierced
with feveral mortal Wounds; but a Bracelet of
a Sheikh Dar-ft>dh.
Vol. I. N° IV.
'UGUEZE, 73
Bone being taken off his Arm, he bled plenti- 1511.
fully. The Indians, who difcovered the Secret, Aibuquer-
faid it was the Bone of a Beaft that breeds in^e‘ _
yava. It was efteemed a great Prize, and brought
to Albuquerque. Next they met a Veffei with
300 Moors , fo refolute, that Albuquerque was
forced to come up himfelf to take it, not with¬
out Danger.
The firft of yuly the Fleet anchored in the All,ucluer" ,
Port of Malakka , and terrified the croudedqm"
Shore with the Noife of warlike Inftruments and
Cannon. Next Day a gallant Moor came from
the King to tell the Vice-Roy, that if -he came
for Merchandize, it was ready. The Meffenger
was received with great State and Courtefy. The
Anfwer was, that the Merchandize he fought for
was fome Portugueze, left there by Siqueira ; and
that having gotten them, he would let the King
know his farther Demands. Being terrified with
this Anfwer, it was agreed to buy off the Dan¬
ger, by reftoring the Portugueze, and paying a
Sum of vMoney : But Prince Aladin [ Ala’ ddin ]
his Brother-in-Law, the King of Pahang , hin¬
dered it. Whereupon Alburquerque began fome
military Execution, which obliged the King to
reftore the Captives, and fend other Meffages :
To which the Vice-Roy returned for Anfwer,
that he offered him Peace upon Condition he
permitted him inftantly to raife a Fort there, and
repay’d the Charge of his and Sequeira coming
to that Port ; fince his Falfhood had been the
Caufe of all the Damage fuftained ; and that he
muft immediately return an Anfwer, whether
he chofe Peace or War. The King defired an
Accommodation, but his Son and Brother-in-
Law oppofed it.
The twenty-fourth of yuly , the Vice-Ro y -Attacks and
landed his Men : The hotteft of the Difpute was^“ '
about gaining of the Bridge ; which was defend¬
ed by the Prince, and King of Pahang. King
Mohammed came there alfo himfelf on a bulky
Elephant, with two more carrying Caftles on
their Backs ; whence flew Showers of Darts :
But the Beafts, being wounded, fled; and, tramp¬
ling down their own Men, made way for the
reft of the Portugueze to join thofe at the Bridge,
where Albuquerque then fortified himfelf : How¬
ever his Men being faint, through Heat and
want of Food, towards Night he retired with
them to the Ships, where ten died of poifoned
Arrows. The Enemy’s Lofs was not owned.
The King of Pahang went away on Pretence of
bringing a Recruit, but returned no more. Mean
while King Mohammed was bufted in undermin¬
ing the Streets, and covering them with poifon¬
ed Thorns ; being induftrious alfo to fecure the
Bridge. Albuquerque fent Antonio de Abreu , in a
c Pettier and Pifang-
b Or Pahcm, in the Original, Pam ,
L
Veffei
74-
1 5 1 1 *
Albuquer¬
que.
Voyages to the East Indies
Veflel well manned, to gain it: He pafied thro’ a
Showers of Bullets, and though defperately
wounded, would not be brought off. Then Floats
of Wildfire were drove along the River to burn
his Ship ; which was prevented by Albuquerque' s
gaining the Bridge, who then entered the City,
through Showers of Bullets, Arrows, and Darts.
Avoiding the Mines in the broad Street, he
gained the Mofk ; and at laft, with great Slaugh¬
ter of the Enemy, got Pofieffion of the City ;
having with him, in this Action, only 8oo Par- b
tugueze , and 2CO Malabars.
New peoples In nine Days Time, all the Moors were kil-
ir' led, or driven out of that great City, which
was peopled again by Strangers and feme Mala¬
yans to whom Leave was granted. Among
them came Utimuti Raja , that powerful Native
of Java , whofe Son had like to have killed Se-
queira. The Soldiers had three Days Liberty to
plunder. There were found 3000 Pieces of great
Cannon, out of 8000, that King Mchatnmed re- c
lied upon ; who, with the reft, retired to Bin -
tam [Bintang] where he and Prince Ala’ ddin for¬
tified themfelves; but Albuquerque fending thither
400 of his Men, along with 400 of Utimuti
Raja's , and 300 belonging to the Merchants of
Pegu ; they put the Prince to Flight, and took
feven Elephants with coftly Trappings. Mo¬
hammed , who now wandered in the Woods with
his Son, whofe Obftinacy he blamed, they fell
at Variance, and parted. Albuquerque inftantly ^
built a Fort at Malahka (which, for its Beauty,
he called Hermofa) and a Church. He alfo coin¬
ed Money, as he had done at Goa, of different
Species ; and fcattered fome among the People :
Bv which, and other commendable Affions, he
gained the Hearts of the Strangers, and fecured
this moft important Place.
A LBUffUE Rg>lIE knowing it is fome-
times convenient to truft an Enemy, gave the
Command of the Moors in the City to Utimuti
Raja : But difcovering, that he corresponded with e
Prince Ala' ddin, on Pretence to reftore him,
but, in Reality, to fet up himfeif, he, his Son,
and Son-in-Law, were apprehended ; and (after
Conviction) publickly executed on the Scaffold
they had ereCted for Sequeira. This was the firft
Piece of public juftice, executed by the Portu¬
guese in India. Two other Princes went about
by Artifice to poffefs Malakka , but did not fuc-
ceed. Albuquerque received here feveral Embaf-
fies, particularly one from the King of Siam, *
who rejoiced to fee his Quarrel revenged. He
alfo fent Ambafladors to Siam ajnd Pegu, with
Fir/} public
Execution.
two Perfons to difeover the Blands of Malukko a 151 3.
and Banda. Then leaving 300 Men in theAJbuquer-
Fort, and ten Ships to guard the Sea, he return- <jue' _ ,
ed towards Kochin. In the W ay, his Ship on the'—^v^,,#
Coaft of Sumatra, fet upon a Rock, which fplit
it fo athwart the Keel, that thofe in the Poop
could not come at them in the Forecaftle. In
this Danger he remained all Night ; and at Day¬
break was feen holding a Girl in his Arms,
whom Chance had led to him in the Confufion^
While he was on this Expedition, Goa was be-
fieged by 20,000 of Adel Khan's Men, encou¬
raged by fome Natives within: But the Vice-
Roy arriving with feveral Fleets at the fame
Time, from different Parts, the Siege was rai-
fed. Hereupon the King of Kalekut concluded
a Peace, with Liberty to build a Fort. And thrfe
of Narftnga, Bija b, Adel Khan, and other Prin¬
ces, fent Ambaffadors to him : There came alfo
one from Prejler John c, in order to go to Por¬
tugal.
SECT. III.
Expedition againjl Aden. Red-Sea firft entered
by the Portugueze. Hormuz furrenders. Al¬
buquerque dies. His Character.
THE eighteenth of February , 15 1 3, Albu- Expedition
querque fet out for the Conqueft of Aden, A'
with twenty Ships, manned with 1700 Portu¬
gueze, befides 800 Kanarins and Malabars.
The City of Aden is feated near the Coaft of
Arabia Feslix , and the Mouth of the Red-Sea.
Over it appears the Mountain Arziza , all a bar¬
ren Rock, divided in many Cliffs. The Town
from the Sea, looks beautiful and ftrong. It i3
rich and famous for the great Refort of many
Nations : But W ater is fo fcare, it depends only
upon a few Wells and Cifterns; nor do the
Clouds fupply them above once in three Years:
Whence it is void of all Trees, Plants and Or¬
chards, the Delight and Pleafure of other Towns.
They attempted to take this Town by fealing
the Walls: But the Ladders breaking feveral
Times, they were obliged to retire in four Days
with Lofs ; after taking a Bulwark which guard¬
ed the Port, with thirty-nine great Pieces of
Cannon, and burning the Ships which were firft
plundered.
From thence they failed to the Red-Sea, be-Rej.Sea^
ing the firft Portugueze who had entered it. entered.
They took four rich Ships at the Illand of Kama-
ran , where they were obliged to winter. In Ju¬
ly they departed, and coming again before Aden,
a Thefe two Perfons were Lopez de Azeucdo, and Antonio de Abrcu, who fet out in 1 5 1 1 , and renamed in
1513, according to De Faria: But according to Argenfola and others, they were Antonio ds Abrcu, Francifco
Serrano, and Ferdinando Magallanes, who in this Voyage, firft projected his Circumnavigation. b Perhaps
Vifapore . c That is, from the Emperor of Abajjta, or the Abijftm, then miftaken for Prejler John.
found
Vol . l./l . Jj.
By the Portuguese.
75
1514.
Albuquer¬
que.
Malakka at
tacked ly
Javans.
Horm'z
Jurrenders,
found It newly fortified ; fo that after exchang¬
ing a few Shot, the Vice-Roy failed for India.
In Augufl he anchored off Diu, demanding of
Malek Azz Leave to build a Fort. Malek mana¬
ged him with great Addrefs, referring him to the
King of Kambaya ; who granted that Liberty, on
Condition that he might build another at Ma¬
lakka.
Mean while Malakka was in great Danger
of being taken by Patl fihtitcr, who at laft was
obliged to fly to Java, Ids native Country, from
whence Pati Unuz , Lord of the City Japara
(after King of Sunda) failed with a Fleet of
ninety Ships, fome as large as Galleons, with
12,000 Men to fall upon Malakka. He had been
feven Years making this Preparation, and kept
Intelligence with the Javans in that City: But
Fernando Perez , with feventeen Ships, 350 Por-
tugueze , and fome Natives, after two furious En¬
gagements, put Unuz to Flight in his greateft
Ship ; for which a Merchant of Malakka offered
10,000 Ducats, in cafe it was taken. The Ja¬
vans from this Time were baniflied for ever out
of the Place ; which foon after Mohammed , its
late King, endeavoured to furprize by Stratagem,
and was very near fucceeding.
The twentieth of February , 1514, Albu¬
querque refolving to attack Harmuz , or Ormuz ,
fet out with a Fleet of twenty-feven Sail, where¬
in were 1500 Portugueze , befides 600 Malabar s,
and Kanarins. Coming to Anchor in the Port
the twenty-fixth of March , there prefently came
aboard a Vifit, and Prefents from the King.
The Vice-Roy fent to demand the Delivery of
the Fort he had began there ; and that fome
principal Men Ihould be fent with the Inftru-
ment of the Submiffion made of that Kingdom,
by King Sayf addin. Every thing was confent-
ed to, becaufe there was no Power to refill:. Raez
(or Reis ) Nur addin , the Governor, with his
Nephew, came to ratify all ; and was fent
back with rich Prefents for themfelves, and a va¬
luable Collar of Gold for the King. Public Re¬
joicing was made on both Sides for this Agree¬
ment. After which, Albuquerque went on with
building the Fort, near which, on a Scaffold, he
received an Ambaffador, that came from Ifmael
King of Perfia ; with Prefents confining of Oun¬
ces, Brocards, Precious Stones, Jewels of Gold
and Silks. The Treaty was concluded with mu¬
tual Satisfaction.
a
Before the Coming of the Vice-Roy, Ra- 1514.
ez Hamet a was fent from Perfia to Ormuz , with Albuquer-
a Defign to fecure it, and deliver it up to lj'ma -
el. He had got the entire Afcendant of the King;
and had brought People fecretly into the Cit y built.
to kill him, when there was a favourable Oppor¬
tunity. Albuquerque , to deliver Seyf addin, propo-
fed an Interview with him ; when Hamet enter¬
ing foremoff rudely, and being knov/n to be fe¬
cretly armed, the Vice-Roy ordered lrrs Officers
b to kill him. While the Fort was finifhing, Al¬
buquerque perfuaded the King, that it was for
the Safety of the City, to put all its Cannon in¬
to the Fort: Which with fome Rehuffancy he
confented to; and the Command thereof was
given to Peter de Albuquerque. Thus was this rich
and powerful Kingdom brought under Subjedlion
to the Portugueze.
Soon after, the Vice-Roy falling fick, wasAibuqucr-
perfuaded to return to India , for Recovery ofqnz's Dcatk
c his Health. In the Way meeting with News^^'
that a new Governor was come from Portugal ,
with Orders for him to return home, he broke>
out into fome Complaint ; after which he was.
feized with a profound Melancholy, and died up-*
on the Bar of Goa , the fixteenth of December ,
1515, in the fixty-third Year of his Age. He
was fecond Son to Gonzalo de Albuquerque , Lord
of Villa verde , and of Donna Leonora de Menefes ,
Daughter of Alvaro Gonzales de Atayde , fir ft
d Count of Atouguia b. He had been Mafter of
the Horfe to King John the Second : Of a mode¬
rate Stature ; his Countenance pleafing, and ve-.
nerable by the Beard, that reached below his
Girdle, to which he wore it knotted ; that and
his Complexion very white. His Pi&ure (hews
his Breeches, Doublet, Cloak, Cap and Coif
all black, with gold Trimming; the Waiftcoat
ftriped with green Velvet, ftrewed with fmall
Spots, like Studs : It was doubted whether he was
e a better Man c or Officer. When angry, his
Looks fomewhat terrible ; when merry, pleafant
and witty. He was twice before Ormuz , twice
before Goa , and twice before Malakka , three
famous Illands and Kingdoms in Afta , whereof
he glorioufly triumphed. He was the firft Go¬
vernor of India , as his Predeceffor was the firft
Vice- Roy.
T o finifh the Chara&er of this great Man, it Founders «f
may not be amifs to infert what our Author hath tht
f written in another Place d. The Dominion of^zc r'2’
* Perhaps rather Reis Ahmed. Reis or Rais fignifies a Chief, and is given to Sea Captains or Commanders.
b He is known by the Indian Mohammedans by the Name only of Malandi ; becaufe, according to them, he
he came from the Parts about Melinda , which they call Maland. See Teixeira' s Hiftory of Perfia, p. 416.
c Some of his Aflions reproach him with great Severity, if not Cruelty : Which no Reafons of War can pof-
fibly juftify ; or, we think, conftrain a good Man to be guilty of d See De Faria s Preface to the
lecond Volume of his Portugueze Afia.
* L 2 the
7 6
Voyages to the East Indies
T , T 6 the Portupueze in ^ was founded in three, viz. a ther Officers ; and inftead of extending their Con- 1516.
15 ID. zr\e rortugueze m njia wab iuu TOPrp mnftlv emo oved in defending Soarez.
Soarez.
Duarte Pacheco , Don Francifco de Almeyda , and
* Alfonfo de Albuquerque. Scarce had they one
Succeffor who did not manifeftly decline, or at
leaft had a Mixture of Valour and Timorouf-
nefs, of Moderation and Covetoufnefs, wherein
the Vices were predominant. Let an unbiaffed
Judgment here refledl upon the Exploits of the
Portugueze in gaining this Afiatic Crown, and it
will appear, that only Pacheco could have forged
it with that fiery Heat, which melted the Arms
and Riches of the obftinate Samorin ; that only
Almeyda could have filed and polifhed it, by ap¬
plying his own and his Son’s Sword , which
brought it into Form, by humbling the Turkifh
quefts, they were moftly employed in defending
what they had gotten. Pill this Time (fays our'
Author De Faria y Soufa ) The Gentlemen had fol¬
lowed the DiHates of true Honour , ejleeming their
Arms the greatejl Riches : From this Time forward ,
they fo wholly gave up themfelves to Trading , that
thofe who had been Captains , became Merchants.
Thus what had been Command , became a Shame ,
Honour was a Scandal , and Reputation a Reproach.
The Governor, according to the King’s Or- Soarez^/-
der, prepared for the Red-Sea ; and being inform¬
ed that the Soltan of Egypt was fitting out a great
Fleet at Suez , he failed in Search thereof from
Goa, upon the eighth of February , 1516, with
KS twenty -Yeven Saif of f«,eral Sort, He cabled
the finifhing Strokes, could have fet in it the with him 1200 Portugueze, and 1600 Malabars ,
1ft precious Jewels of Goa , Malakka and Or- one half Soldiers, the other half Seamen. Coming
,npJ P For they entering with a few ordinary before Ad]en, Mramirzan finding himfe f de-
Ships, and a moft inconfiderable Number of Men fencelefs, (by reafon a Piece of teM'
intr fuch far diftant Regions, where they were c beaten down by Raez Soliman, Admiral of the
furrounde^bjf numerm^Squadrons, and £PPofed Sue, Fleet) made a Virtue of Ne«ffity and of-
by ftrong fortified Places, without any Friends no. Pof-
to affift them, or fcarce a Tree to give them
Shelter, muft have loft the very Hopes of return¬
ing to their native Country : Yet, by their un¬
daunted Bravery, they rufhed through Showers
of heavy Ball and poifoned Arrows; and, by the
Force of their Arms, opened deep Trenches,
raifed high Walls, and took Poffeffion. of ftately
Cities and fpacious Territories. 1
CHAP. XII.
A brief Account of the Portugueze Tran fa Tons in
India, from 1516 to 1521, under the Govern¬
ment of Lope Soarez,
S E C T. I.
Portugueze Power at the Height. Soarez duped
at Aden. Goes in uejl of Raez Soliman. Baf¬
fled before Joddah. Kolumbo Tributary. Peace
with Siam and Pegu. A merry Pajfage.
Seeks Rais
Portugueze
Power at the
Height.
this Flattery, trufted to him, and took not Pof-
feffion of the City; intending to do it at his Re¬
turn. Hearing that Soliman, by Strefs of Weather,
was driven to Jodda , and had no Defence, he
refolved to fail thither, up the Red-Sea.
JODDA , or as the Arabs call it, Jidda , »sSoljmSnj
fituated in Arabia Falix , in twenty one Degrees,
thirty Minutes North, in a moft barren Soil, be¬
ing all a deep Sand. The Buildings are good,
but not the Harbour. The Inhabitants are of
two Sorts, the native Arabs , and foreign Mer¬
chants. Mir Huffeyn , after his Defeat at Diu,
by Almeyda , being afraid to return to Egypt , for¬
tified this Town for his own Security, under
Pretence of fecuring Mohammed’s Sepulchre at
Mekka a. Mean while Raez Soleyman , a Turk, of
bafe Parentage, but a powerful and bold Pirate,
: born in Mitylene, an* Iffimd in the Archipela
<ro, offered himfelf to [ Kanfu algauri , (corruptly
called Kampfon Gaurus ) Soltan of Egypt ] to com¬
mand the Fleet, of twenty-feven Sail, that was
preparing at Suez, to fall upon Aden ; an Employ
which Mir Huffeyn had fet his Heart upon, and
TH E great Alfonfo de Albuquerque being dead, - - •• .ui-ttw
Lope Soarez deAlbergaria took the Govern- was accepted of. After repairing the Lofs th«t
He brought with him to India a Fleet of was fuftained at Aden (where many of his Men
thine'en Ships, and in them 1500 Men. As Al- were killed) and taking a great Booty in the City
W?laid the Foundation of the Pow- fZ^irf, he returned to Jrddah where he flew
er in India Albuquerque eftablifhed it, and feems Mir Huffeyn , and then delivered the Place up to
to have brought it to its Height: For after his Selim, the Turkifh Soltan : Who not long before
Death, their Affairs declined every Day, through had poflefled himfelf of Egypt -, zn&yxt atl En
the Pride and Avarice of the Governors and.o- to the Dominion of the Mamluks [by the Defeat
a This muft be a Miftake, for the Sepulchre is at Medinah, eleven Stages diitant. but Mekkab inight be worth
defending, as being the holy City, and famous for facred Places; in particular the Temple, m which is the
Kaba, whereto the Mohammedans make their Pilgrimages, and turn their Faces when they fay then Prayers. ^
3
By the Portugueze,
77
ir\6. of Tumdn Bey , (or Totnombaius) the Succeffor to
Soarez. Kanfu al Gauri.]
The Port being dangerous, Lope boar ez an-
Baffled before c}lored a League from the City, in which there
l0^* was fo good Cannon, that three or four Pieces
reached the Ships at that Diftance. Soltmdn pro-
pofed a private Combat between Man and Man ;
but the Governor would not permit it, laying,
he would anfwer afhore. The City was terrihed
by the firing a Galleon, while the Governor
founded the Channel that goes up to it. Soleyman
appeafed the Tumult, and appeared with lome
Men without the Walls, while Multitudes ap¬
peared on them, braving the Portugueze with
loud Cries; who feeing that Lope Soarez neglect¬
ed landing, began to complain of the Delay.
He appeafed them by (hewing his Inftrudtions ;
which were not to attack the City, but the
Fleet : And not being able to effeCt this, he re¬
tired to the Ifland of Kamardn. From hence,
after fuffering much by Famine, and lofing fe-
venteen Men, taken by the Moors, he went to
Zeyla , a City at the Mouth of the Red-bea, on
the African Shore, and the great Market of
thofe Parts; which being unprovided, was eaiily
taken and burnt. When he came to Aden, the
Wall being now repaired, Miraairzan retuled
to deliver the Place, by forming Delays. Being
thus baffled, he failed for Barbara, defignmg to do
at that City what he had done at Zeyla ; but the
Fleet being fcattered by Storms, and 800 Men
loft, the Attempt was deferred till next Year, when
it was taken without Reftftance, and burned.
Coa and Me an Time great Diforders reigned at Goa,
Maiakka which at laft brought on a fhort Siege : i he lame
DaPger' Misfortune attended Maiakka , through the ill
Government of George de Brito , and Animonties
of others ; whofe tyrannical Treatment made the
Inhabitants fly, and brought the late King with
a confiderable Force to recover it : So that had
pot Don Alexio de Menefes come with 300 Men,
the Portugueze Pofteffion there had been at an
End. After which the King of Siam , who hated
the Moors , fent Siamefi, at the Requeft> of a
Portugueze AmbafTador, to people Maiakka ,
which now became fecure.
Kolombo The Ifland of Ceylon , (called by the antient
'Tributary. Inhabitants llanare , and by the Arabs anc ei-
fians , Serandib a ) lies oppofite to Cape Komon,
the Southern Point of the hither Pemnfula of In¬
dia ; from whence it is diftant about fixtecn
Leagues, and is fuppofed once to have joined to
it It is divided into nine Kingdoms ; Kolombo,
on the Weft ; Gale, on the South ; 7 aula. Toy
vavaka, Kande , Batekalon, Vilafem , Triqutnamals ,
and Jafanapatam. The Portugueze had a Trade -
with J Kolombo, the King whereof defired their
a Friendfhip, and furnifhed them with Cinnamon, 15^9*
from the Time of Albuquerque. Hither Lope Soarez Soarez.
failed next, in 1517, with feventeen Veftels, great
and fmall, and 700 Portugueze Soldiers ; with
Defign to oblige the King to pay Tribute, and
confent to the building a fort, as King Manuet
defired. After a fmall Conteft, in which the
Flanders, affifted by the Moors , were put to
Flight, the King yielded to be a Subjeft to Por¬
tugal: Paying yearly 1200 Quintals of Cinnamon,
b twelve Rings of Rubies and Saphires, with fix
Elephants ; Commodities with which Ceylon a-
bounds. Soon after the King of Pam , near Ma¬
iakka , voluntarily became Tributary to the Crown
of Portugal , paying a golden Cup yearly.
DUARTE COE LLO having fettled a Peace Peace with
with the King of Siam, then one of the three ^ W
greateft Princes of Afia (thofe of China and Bif-
nagar being the other two) Fernan Perez de An -
drada arrived the fame Year (1517) after many
c Difficulties at Quan tong (or Kanton ) in China ;
where he fettled 'a Trade on that Coaft, and re¬
turned loaden with Riches to Adalakka . Whence,
in 1518, he went with Don Menefes. to Kochin :
But was no fooner gone, than the King of Bin-
tang (who waited that Opportunity, though he
had concluded a Peace juft before) attacked the
City', where there were but 200 Portugueze ,
with 1500 Men, many Elephants by Land, and
fixty Veftels by Sea. After twenty Days he raifed
d the Siege, with the Lofs of 330 Men, and eigh¬
teen Portugueze ; and lay to hinder Provifions get¬
ting in to relieve the Town : But retired on the
Arrival of Garcia de Sa , W’ith fixty Men. Fhi-
ther alfo came Antonio Correa , in 1519, from
Martaban , where he had been concluding a
Peace with the King of Bagou (corruptly called
Pegu) at which affifted the Priefts of both Na¬
tions. „
The Gentile Prieft was called the Great Raw- Merry Faf-
e lin ; who, after the Capitulations (made in th eHe-
ffolden Mine, as is the Cuftom of thofe People)
were read, began to read in a Book ; and then
taking fome yellow Paper, (a Colour dedicated to
their holy Ufes) with fome fweet Leaves of Trees,
inferibed with certain Characters, fet Fire to it all ,
and holding the Hands of the King’s Mimfter
over the Afhes, fpoke fome Words, which ren¬
dered the Oath inviolable. On this Occafion
there happened a merry Pafiage: For Correa, to
f anfwer this Solemnity, having ordered his r rielt
to put on a Surplice, and bring his Breviary ; the
Cover was fo tattered, and the Leaves torn, that
thinking it fcandalous their facred Books should
appear in fuch bad Plight, he direfted inftead of it
a Book of Church Mufic to be brought : Whicti
being bigger, and better bound, pafied among
a Or. rather Scion drv, that is, the Ifland of Sclanr
7S
1521.
Soarez.
Voyages to the East Indies
Expeditions
to Diuj
And Bin-
tang.
'Molukko
JJiands def-
,€/i bed.
thofe People, fays De Faria , as well as if it had
been the Gofpel.
SECT. II.
Expeditions to Diu and Bintang fruitlefs. Molok-
ko Ijlands. Brito fent to build a Fort there.
lihe Spaniards arrive by the South -Weft Paffage ,
found out by Magal lanes.
T\IEGO LOPEZ DE SEQUETRA,
Governor of India, after Lope Soarez , hav¬
ing treated with Malek azz , to ere£t a Fort at
Diuy and being put off with Delays, refolved to
coinpafs it by Force. For this Purpofe he gather¬
ed forty Veflels of all Sorts, and in them 3000
Portuguese, with 800 Malabar s and Kanarins:
The greateft Fleet of theirs that had ever beefn
feen in thofe Seas. But coming before it, the
ninth of February , 1520-21 ; and finding it had
been fortified and retrenched, in a furprizin»
Manner, as well as reinforced with a firong Ga-
rifon, it was agreed in a Council of War by all
the Officers who affifted, not to attack it: Tho’
afterwards they charged their own Cowardife on
him; and thus this great Preparation came to
nothing. To as little Purpofe was the Expediti¬
on of George de Albuquerque , Governor of Ma-
lakka, with eighteen Sail, and 600 Men, againft
the King of Bintang. This is an Bland forty
Leagues in Circumference, and as many diftant
from Malakka. It was well fortified, having
two firong Cattles, and the Rivers flaked; fo
that it feemed almoft inacceffible. Albuquerque
finaing it impoflible for the Ships to come up,
landed his Men in Boats, to attack a Fort; but the
Water being up to their Middles, and the Enemies
Shot very thick, they were forced to retire with¬
out doing any Execution, many of their Men
being wounded, and twenty (lain.
I* rom this Place Antonio de Brito failed for the
Molukko Illands ; which are in the midft of many
others under the Line, about 300 Leagues Eaft-
ward of Malakka. The principal of them are
five, Ferrate, Fidor , Moufel , Maquicn , and Bachan,
about twenty-five Leagues from each other ; and
the biggeft not more than fix Leagues in Cir¬
cumference. Thele five produce Cloves, but no
manner of Food-: And the Bland Batochina, a-
nother ct them, fixty Leagues in Length, yields
Provifion, but no Cloves. In fome there are
flaming Mountains, chiefly in Ternate. The In¬
habitants are not great Lovers of Flefli, though
there is Plenty, as well as of Fifh, which they
.•ike better : But their chief Suftenance is Meal
made of the Bark of Trees refembling Palms ;
from which and others, they are fupplied with
1521.
Soarez.
a Wine and Vinegar. There grows alfo a Sort of
Canes; which, in the Hollow, have a Liquor
delightful to drink. They are not affable, but
warlike, and exceeding fvvift both in running
and fwimming. There is no Account of their
Origin : They are in Religion Idolaters. Thefe
Blands were not long before polfeffed by the
Moors ; ever fince whofe firft Coming, there was
If ill living an old Commander, when Brito ar¬
rived.
b To thefe Blands, and particularly Ferrate, Brito fent
Brito was fent to build a Fort; which long fince (° bmld *
Boylefe , the King thereof, had defired. Others™
had gone before, but to no Effect : As Antonio
de Abreu (in the Time of Albuquerque') who,
lofing one of his three Ships, arrived at Banda ,
(the chief of the five of that Name) which is like
an earthly Paradife ; and one of its chief Orna¬
ments the Plant that produces the Clove. From
thence lie returned to Malakka : But his other
c Captain, Francifco Serram , was driven to Fer¬
rate ; where he ftaid waiting for the Difpute to be
decided, which arofe among the Kings of that
Bland, Fidore and Bachan ; each ftriving to have
the fort built in his own Bland. A very odd
Conteft for fovereign Princes !
W hen Brito arrived at Ferrate , King Boleyfe rhe Spanl-
wasdead; and he of Fidore had admitted the ?rds, aTve.
Spaniards a : Thinking himfelf, with very goo
Reafon, as happy in them, as Ferrate could b ePse-
d in the Portugueze. Yet obferving, that the
Queen of Ferrate (who was Governefs to her
Son) received Brito joyfully, the King paid him
a Vi fit ; and finding him difpleafed, on account
of the new Guefts he had entertained, offered to
deliver them up. This he thought would pre¬
vail on Brito to build the Fort at Fidore: But
Ferrate being found to be the more convenient
Place, it was at length erected there.
The Arrival of the Spaniards was in this Found out ty
e Manner. While Serram (or Serrano ) was at Fer- MaSallar.es,
rate, a Correfpondence was held between him
and Ferdinando Magallanes (or Magellan ) which
turned to the Advantage of Spain , and Trouble
of Portugal. This Gentleman, who was a Per-
fon of great Merit, by his Skill in Sea Affairs,
and the Light he obtained from Serram, gueflec!
there might be found another Way to India ; and
even wrote his Friend Word, that he hoped to
be with him foon at Fernate , by a new Rout. In
f efi'eft having been denied in Portugal, the Re¬
ward due tohis Services, he went over to the Em¬
peror Charles V . and offered to bring the Spaniards
to the Molukkos , a Way by the Weft ; at a Time
when they began to have a hankering after the
Spice Trade. His Offer was readily accepted.
tat oaTwtch <he CiShth °f AWcr> *5». famous Ship Victory, belonging to the Fleet
5
and
*5 21.
Soarez.
Portugueze
Arrogance.
'Their Am-
haffador
fa zed.
By
the Port
UGUEZE,
79
and the Command of five Ships given him, with
250 Men, fome of them Portugueze. As his
Voyage will be given at large in another Place,
we (hall only obferve here, that he left Spain in
September, 1519; and failing through the Str eights ,
to the South of America , that bear his Name,
palled over the great Pacific Sea, which divides
that Continent from Ajia , and came among the
Eajl-Indir.n Iflands ; in one whereof he was kil¬
led in Fight, in April 1521. Gonzalo Gomez
dc Efpinofa , in the Ship Vi Si cry, arrived at the
Molukkos , and was received by the King of Vi¬
dor , in Hatred to the Portugueze , and thofe of
7 'emote, on the Account above mentioned. Ef¬
pinofa returned to Spain , by Way of Panand ,
and left the abovementioned Command of the
Ship to fuan Sabajlian del Cano. Who, having
loaded her with Spices, purfued his Courfe the
Way the Portugueze take, by the Cape of Good and get ofr.
condemned to Death, as Spies: But the Sentence
being refpited, they were fent back Prifoners
to £)uan tong, to be releafed, in cafe the Portu¬
gueze reftored Alalakka to its King, who was a
Subjedb of China ; otherwife they fhould be pu-
nifibed, and none of their Nation ever admitted,
or treated but as Enemies. The Portugueze in-
ftead of reclaiming, agreed to a£f more infolent-
ly ; which fo exafperated the Governor of £htan-
tong , that he fecured feveral of them, and con¬
trived to take fome Ships newly arrived from
Alalakka. They began to add, when Duarte Co -
*//<? arriving with two Ve lie Is from Alalakka, well
manned, he was attacked by the Hay-tau, or Ad¬
miral of that Sea, with fifty Sail ; who being
repulfed, kept them befieged forty Days. Mean
Time two Ships more arriving, it was refolved
to force their Way through the Hay-tau’ s Fleet,
1526.
Soarez,
Hope ; being the firft who performed that won¬
derful Voyage round the World. Their Arrival
raifed new Contefts between the Emperor and
King John the Third, of Portugal : Who, by the
former Agreement, concluded the Alalukkos be¬
longed to him; and that no other European Prince
would offer to interfere in the Trade thereof.
Of this Difpute, and its Blue, a particular Ac¬
count will be given hereafter.
CHAP. XIII.
Vranf actions and Difcoveries of the Portugueze,
from 1521, to 1537.
/
SECT. I.
Portugueze Arrogance. Celebes and Borneo dif-
covered. Several Cities taken and dejlroyed. A
Portugueze facrificed.
JfERNAN PEREZ DE ANDRADA having
-*■ fecured the Trade of China, at kfuan tong,
which proved exceeding profitable ; his Brother
Simon, in 1521, obtained Leave to fail thither
with five Ships. When he came to the Ifland
Va mu, oppofite to that City, Thomas Perez, the
Portugueze Amhaffador to the Chinefe Court, was
ftili there; but foon after departed for Nan¬
king, being four Months on the Way. He fol¬
lowed the Emperor to Peking , where he was to
have received his Audience. Mean Time Simon
de Andrada, through Pride and Conceit, behav¬
ed as if he had been King of the Bland. He
raifed a Fort, and lit up a Gallows to terrify
the People ; committed Violence upon the Mer¬
chants, and bought young People of both Sexes,
without the ufual Precautions ; giving Occafion
to Kidnappers to Ileal them from their Parents.
T h e st Things coming to the Emperor’s
Ears, Perez (inftead of being received as an Am-
ballador) and his Attendants, were feized and
The Hay-tau revenged this Difaller upon fome ^P‘n at
c of the Portugueze who arrived there, and theC^ant°nS’
Ambaffador Perez ; who being returned with his
Company to Vfuan tong, they were all {lain, and
the Effecls of Perez, together with the Prefcnt
he brought for the Emperor, feized. This Man
was of bafe Parentage, and, by Trade, an A-
pothecary ; though cholen for the Embafly, on
Account of his good Parts. There was found
with him, 2000 Weight of Rhubarb, 1600 Pieces
of Damalk, 400 of other Silks, above iooOuti-
d ces of Gold, and 2000 of Silver, three quarters
of a hundred of loofe Mufk, and above 300
Purfes of it, at firft called Papos, and much o-
ther Merchandize. This fhews how great was
the Return of the £)uan tong Trade.
I he fame Year, 1521. the Illands BahraynTiahvayn
and Katif were conquered from Afokrin, King !,,bduid-
of Lafah ; who held them of the King of Or¬
muz, but refufed to pay the Tribute. In 1522,
the Portugueze were attacked at Ormuz, Bahrain,
e Alaskdt, Kuriat, and Soar (or Sohdr) at once. The
King of Ormuz defpairing of Succefs, retires to
Keyjhom , after fetting the City on Fire : But be¬
ing murdered by his Favourites, his SuccelTor,
only fifteen Years of Age, is prevailed on, by
the Portugueze , to return to Ormuz , on Condi¬
tion that they fhould not meddle with the Go¬
vernment of the City..
This Year alfo the Country about Goa, which i»jjh in In-
had belonged to Ada Khan , was recovered by him. dia.
* The King of Achen attacking them in Sumatra ,
they abandon the Fort of Pafeng. Things went
ill with them alfo at Alalakka and the Molukkos .
In 1525. the Fort of Kalekut being attacked by
the Samorin, with confiderable Force, the Por¬
tugueze demolifhed it, and withdrew.
In 1526. Hedor deSilveyra deftroyed Dofdr, (or
Dhafdr ) a ftrong City on the Coaft of Arabia ; and
entring the Red-Sea , reduced the Illands Alazua
and
So
V o y a <3 e s to the East Indies
Selebes
covered,
■ mi] carries.
Em tang de¬
frayed.
and Dalaka. They difcover the Ifiand of Cele¬
bes. Kalaydt and AAaskai, exafperated by the
Avarice or' Diego de Melo, revoked, but were re¬
duced again.
RAEZ SO LIMAN, the Turk , who killed
TmV.sDefigr.AIir Hujfeyn , at Ji-ddah , having recovered his
Prince’s Favour, by delivering up the City, and
fending a Prefent ; Soltan Soliman , the Succeflbr
of Selim, lent Haydarin a, from Suez , with a
Fleet of twenty Gallies, and five Galliots, to de¬
liver to Raez Soliman , who was then fortifying
the Ifiand of Kama rati, in the Red -Sea : Where
Haydarin, on lome Difguft, killed him. Mujldfa
Nephew to Raez , fucceeded him, and flew Hay¬
darin : After which he fled with a few Ships, firft:
to Aden , and then to Diu, for Protection. Thus
this Expedition deligned again!! the Portugueze mif-
carried. Antonio Tenreyro went by Land with the
News to King John ; being the firft who perform¬
ed that Journey, till then thought impoflible.
MA LAKKA being infefted by the King of
Bintang , Pedro Mafcarenas, with twenty-one
Ships and IOOO Men, 600 of them Malayans ,
failed to that Ifiand ; and attacking the Capital,
which was well fortified and defended by 7000
Men, entered it, flew 400, and took 2000 Pri-
foners, a vaft Booty, and 300 Pieces of Cannon,
with the Lofs of only three Portugueze : One of
the mofl glorious A&ions they performed in A-
fta. The King was reftored on becoming Tri¬
butary.
■ I n the Molukkos , Don Garcia Enriquez burnt
Tidore , after making Peace with the King ; and
went to expel the Spaniards out of Port Kamafo ,
and another Town in that Ifland, but were re-
pulfed. Don George de Menefes , in his Way to
Bomso dij- t}-,e AAolukkos , difcovered the Ifland of Borneo.
Having fent a Prefent of Tapeftry to the King;
that Prince, on beholding the Figures, cried out.
They were Men inchanted , and would kill him in
the Night ; and, in fpite of all that could be faid,
would neither fuffer the Tapeftry to remain in
his Palace, nor the Meflengers in the Port. At
Tidore the Portugueze were worfted by the Spani¬
ards.
A Portu- In 1527. fome Portugueze , after the Lofs of
•gueze fun- their Ships, getting in the Boat to Chakuria in
Bengal-, the Indians having made a Vow to fa-
crifice to their Idols, the handfomeft Portugueze
they Ihould take ; it was the Lot of Gonzalo Vaz
de Mclo to fall the Victim. A Fleet being fent
to burn the Turhifo Gallies left at Kamaran, they
could not get to them, the Winds proving con¬
trary : However they burnt the City of Zeyla ,
on the Coaft of Adel ; which Fate Mangalor , on
the Coaft of India, underwent alfo. At Diu fe-
venteen Portugueze being taken in a Boat, Die-
Tidor
■burned.
feed.
Zeyla and
Mangalor
burned.
a go de Mefquita, their Captain, for refilling to 1529.
turn Mohammedan , was ordered by the King of Soarez.
Kambaya , to be blown in Pieces out of a Can-
non : But that Prince, admiring the Refolution
with which Mefquita entered the Mouth of it, was
appeafed, and fpared him. Chatua near Kranga-
nor, and Porka , were burnt by Lope Vaz , the
Governor of India ; Marabia and Mount Delli,
by his Nephew Simon de Melo.
b S E C T. II.
Spaniards fuhdued at Tidor. Execrable Cruelty of
de Menefes. Several Cities burned. Worthy
Aflion of Silveyra.
THE King of Kambaya' s Fleet of eighty Bazaim
Barks, were all but feven taken or deftroy-^”*
ed by the brave HePtor de Silveyra, who foon af¬
ter in 1529, took Bazaim , and made Tana
Tributary. Don George de Menefes , with the
c People of Ternate, fell upon thofe of Tidore , and
the Spaniards , whom they defeated, burning the
City, and then befieging the Fort. The Spani- ~ ■ ,
ards furrendered, obliging themfelves to retire to jubdued.
Kamafo-, not to commit Hoftilities againft the
Portugueze , or their Friends ; nor to go to any
of the Clove Iflands. The King of Tidore was
made Tributary, and compelled not to aid the
Spaniards.
After this Don George became of a fuddenportugueza
d moft wicked and outrageous. Sufpe&ing that Molence.
Kachil Vaydeka, a Tidore Nobleman, had killed
a Chinefe Sow of his, he anointed his Face with
Bacon (which is the moft heinous Injury that
can be offered a Mohammedan.) In the Town of
Tabona , he took the chief Magiftrete, and two
Moors of Note. The Hands of thefe laft he cut An execrable
off" ; and, on the firft, fet two Dogs, who tore Cruelty.
his Flefh till, to Ihun them, he ran into the Sea;
where, being purfued, he defended himfelf with
e his Teeth, till at laft he was drowned, almoft
worried to Death. Another Kachil endeavouring
to ftir up the People, to drive out both Portugueze
and Spaniards, Don George feized and beheaded
him publickly in Ternate ; which fo terrified the
People, that moft of them, with the Queen her-
felf, fled from the City.
NUN NO DE CUNNA in his Way to In- Mombafia
dia this Year, took, plundered and burnt Mom-burned-
baffa ; then failing to Ormuz, feiz’d Raez Afh-
f rdf, the King’s Wazir or Vifier, and fent him
to Portugal , for Mal-pradfices. He was there
joined by Belchior Tavarez de Soufa , who had
been to aflift the King of Bafrah, with forty Men Bafrah fi,jl
againft him of Jazirat , an Ifland [as the Name/*'^ t0-
imports] about forty Leagues in Compafs, made
by the Euphrates and Tigris. He being the firft
a Or Hayraddin .
Portu-
By the Portuguese.
8r
1532.
De Cunna.
Surat, and
other Ports
hurned.
tion.
Portuguese, who had penetrated thofe Rivers from a from that City. Diego de Silveyra, in 1532, burnt 1532.
the Perftan Gulf. After this, he was fent to re- Patam , twelve Leagues from Din, Pate , Man- De Cunna.
duce Babrayn , which had revolted, and battered galor , and other Towns, ft ri king an univerfal1'-— -v— ■ 1
the Fort; but withdrew, for Want of Ammuni- Terror along the Coaft, and carrying off infinite
Riches.
DE CUNNA encouraged by thefe Succefies, Bazaim^wrf
fets out again with a hundred and fifty Sail, three otbers>
thoufand Portuguese , and two hundred Kanaras ,
to attack Bafaim, which was then fortifying by
Alalek Tokam , Lord of Diu ; who, on the Por-
In 1530, Antonio de Silveyra, w'ho was ftation-
ed on the Coaft of Kambaya with fifty-one Sail of
Veftels, went up the River Tapti, and burnt Su¬
rat and Reyner , two Cities on its different Sides.
The firft, four Leagues from the River’s Mouth,
contained 10,000 Families, moftly Banians : The b tugueze Approach, left a Garifon of twelve thou-
Aden and
Sliael trtbu
tary.
other, which ftood a little higher, 6000 Houfes,
inhabited by warlike AFoors , and well fortified.
Afterwards he burnt Daman and Agazem , two
other Cities on the fame Coaft.
HECTOR DE STLVETRA, being fent to
•the Mouth of the Red-Sea , with ten Ships, and
fix hundred Men, by fpreading his Fleet took fe-
veral rich Prizes. After which, failing to Aden ,
he managed the King with fuch Dexterity, that
Diu attempt •
■ed.
fand Men. However, the Portuguese attacked
the Place, put the Garifon to Flight, killed fix
hundred of them, razed the Fort, and carried
off above four hundred Pieces of Cannon. After
this, Manoel de Albuquerque, burnt all the Towns
along the Coaft, from Bafaim to Tarapor , and
obliged Tana, Bandora , and Bomb aim, to pay
Tribute.
DIEGO DE S ILVETRA, meeting near Worthy
he confented to pay an annual Tribute of 12,000 c Aden, with a very rich Ship of Jiddah, the Cap- -dfon of
Xerafns. In the fame Manner did the King of tain came on board, and fhewed him a Letter, ^ Vc'U‘
Xael (or Shael) fubmit. given him as a Pafs, by a Portuguese Prifoner in
In 1531, Nunno de Cunna, then Governor of that City, wherein were thefe Words: / befeech
India, fet out for Diu, with above four hundred fuch of the King of Portugal’ s Captains, as J ball
Sail, moftly fmall Veftels, in which were 3600 meet this Ship, to make Prize of her ; for floe be¬
longs to a very wicked Moor. Silveyra, perceiving
how the Mohammedan was impofed upon, took
no Notice of the Deceit, but difcharged him ;
choofing rather, fays de Faria, to lofe the Riches
Soldiers, and 1450 Sailors, all Portuguese ; befides
above 2000 Alalabars and Kanarins, 8000 Slaves
fit for Service, and almoft 5000 Seamen. They
attacked the lfland of Beth, feven Leagues from
Diu, ftrongly fortified both by Nature and Art, d of that Ship, than bring into Queftion the Since-
and defended by two thoufand refolute Arabs,
Turks, and others : Of whom eighteen thoufand
were killed, and fixty Cannon taken, with the Lofs
of only twelve Portuguese ; among whom was the
brave Heftor de Silveyra. The Stay before this
Place loft them Diu ; which, in the Interim, was
Its Strength, reinforced by AFuJlafa, a Turk. The City w7as fur-
rounded with Rocks and Water; and the Mouth of
the River crofted with Chains, defended by thirty
armed Veftels. Within W’ere 10,000 Men, and
an infinite Number of Cannon. After making
an Attack, which lafted all Day, W'ithout doing
the Enemy much Hurt, de Cunna, who expofed
himfelf the whole A£tion in a Boat, withdrew.
Badur, King of Kambaya , rewarded Muflafa with
the Government of Baroche , and Title of Rtimi
(becaufe he was a Grecian ) and Khan : So that he
was thenceforward, called Riimi Khan.
ANTONIO DE SALDANNA, who was
■Cities on the
- Coaft burned,
rity of the Portuguese. This is mentioned here,
to Ihew, that in the moft corrupt State of a Peo¬
ple, there are fome noble Spirits to be found.
SECT. III.
Merry Cruelty. Fort raifed at Diu. Surpriftng
Adventure of Botello. Diforders at the Molokkos.
JWT-A L E K TO KA M, Lord of Diu, finding Overtures
1VT Kjng Badur defigned to confer the Govern- atm Diu.
ment of that City on Mufidfa Rumi Khan, was
inclined to give Leave to build a Fort there ; yet
ftill afraid, trifled, and at laftwas obliged to fly on
Badur' s Approach. Badur alfo himfelf, pretend¬
ed a Willingnefs to confent ; whereupon de Cunna
went to Diu, with one hundred Sail of Ships, and
had an Interview, which not taking Eftedf, he
ftruck up a League with Humayun Padifloah, the
left in the Sea of Diu with fixty Sail, and fifteen f great Mogul, and returned to Goa. Here wec,.,A./
hundred Men to do Mifchief, burnt the Towns of
Madrefabad, Goga , Belfa, Tarapor , May, Keltne,
Agafim, and laft, Surat, juft rifing out of the
Ruins of the laft Fire. The Cruizers, having
taken twenty-feven Ships of the King of Kalekut,
richly laden, the Samorin to obtain Peace, gave
Leave to build a Fort at Chale, three Leagues
Vo l. I. N° 4.
cannot forbear relating the merry Cruelty at Kun Mirth,
ali Markar , a bold Pirate at Kalekut, who rang¬
ing about, found a Brigantine one Night, with
eighteen Portuguese, and three Gunners on board,
all fo faftafleep, that they were bound before they
knew of it. Having awaked them, he caufed
their Heads to be bruifed to Pieces, faying, It was
M /#
82
Voyages to the
Eazaim
yielded for
£>iu»
1534. 1o punijh them , for daring to feep , knowing he was a
De Cunna. abroad.
L I n 1534, Martin Alfonfo took the Fort of
Daman ; and Badur , to procure Peace, gave up
for ever, to the King of Portugal , Bafaim , with
its Dependances by Sea and Land. It was like-
wife agreed, that all Ships bound for the Red-Sea
from Kambaya , fhould fet out from that Port,
and return thither to pay the Duties; that none
fliould go to other Places, without Leave from
the Portuguese ; and that no Ships of War fhould 1
be built in any of his Ports.
league with BADUR , King of Kambaya, who had by Force
Eadur. or Treachery, added two other Kingdoms to his
own, was become very powerful, when Humayun ,
the great Mogol, his Neighbour to the North,
falling out with him in 1534, took from him
good Part of his Dominions, with Champanel ,
his Capital City. Thefe Misfortunes moved Badur,
to apply to de Cunna for Afliftance, offering
Leave on that Condition, to ere£t a Fort at Diu. c
Martin Alfonfo de Soufa upon this, went to Diu,
to fettle the Articles : Which were, that Badur
fhould confirm all that had been done, relating to
Bafaim ; that there fhould be a League offenfive
and defenfive,. between the King of Portugal and
Fort built at • him ; that the Fort fhould be raifed where, and
in what Manner, the Governor fhould appoint ;
and that a Bulwark towards the Sea, fhould be
immediately delivered to him.
DE CUNNA , being fent for at Badur’ s De- <
fire, repaired to Diu , and was received with much
Honour, and Demonftration of Joy. He imme¬
diately fet about the Fort, which was foon finifh-
ed ; and the Command of it given to Emanuel de
Soufa , with nine hundred Portuguese , and fixty
Pieces of great Cannon. Humayun , defpairing of
taking Diu, employed his Arms elfewhere.
The Liberty of building this Fort, produced
an Adventure, as furprifing as that Grant was
important, fames Botello , a Perfon fkilful in the
Affairs of India , having been in Difgrace with
King John , for defigning (as it was reported) to
go for France ; and being anxious to recover that
Prince’s Favour, refolved to effedl it by a mod
defperate, and almoft incredible Attempt. He
knowing how earneftly the King defired to have
a Fort raifed at Diu, the Liberty for building it
was fcarce granted, when, getting a Copy of it,
and a Draught of the Fort, he committed him-
felf to the vaft Ocean, which is between India
and Spain, in a Bark, that was but fixteen Foot
and a half long, nine broad, and four and a half
deep ; fetting out privately with his own Slaves,
three Portuguese, and two others. He pretended
he was going to Kambaya : But as foon as he was
out at Sea, difeovered his Defign > at which they
Eas t Indies
were all aftonifhed, as well they might. But be- 153^
ing overcome by fair Words and Promifes, theyDe Cunna.
proceeded on their W^ay, till finding themfelves'
reduced to unfpeakable Miferies, the Slaves, who
were Sailors, agreed to kill him ; but after kil¬
ling a Servant, were all killed themfelves. With¬
out Seamen or Pilot, Botello held on his Courfe,
with the four who remained ; and, to the Ad¬
miration of all Men, at length arrived at Lisbon:
Where the Bark was immediately burnt, that no¬
body might fee it was poflible to perform that
Voyage in fo fmall a Veffel. The King was
greatly pleafed with the News, and Botello re-
Surprifmg
Adventure.
any
other
Bazaim
Sa. relieved »~
ffored to the Royal Favour, without
Reward for this prodigious Action.
DE CUNNA, fearing the Mogol would
on Bafaim, fent to its Relief Garcia de
with four hundred Portuguese. He feeing the
City threatned with a mighty Army, refolved to
qirit it : But moved by the Cries of the Inhabi¬
tants, and yet more by the Perfuafions of Antonio
Galvarn , he began to fortify the Place; where¬
upon Humayun withdrew.
Mean Time, the King of Achen, by Craft, Diforders at
decoyed and flew feveral Portuguese at different^Molok-
Times. At the Alolokkos, all Things were in 0i'
Confufion, through the Avarice and Tyranny of
the Governors. Gonsalo Pereyra, fucceeded I),
George de Menefes at Ternate , in 1530 ; but was
murdered, becaufe he intended to examine into
the Frauds of his Countrymen. Thefe put in his-
Room one Fonfeca, who purfuing the former evil
Meafures, de Cunna fent in his Place, Trifan de
Atayde , more vile than Fonfeca. He imprifoned
the King of Ternate , and his Mother : Where¬
upon the People fled ; nor when they lamented,
were pitied by their Neighbours, who upbraided,
them (they are the Words of the Portuguese
Pliftorian) for admitting fo ivicked a People as the portU{rueze
Portugueze ; who, face they had Footing in that abominated.
If and, were guilty of the mof enormous Villanies ,
that could be imagined. Irfan, to engrofs the
Clove Trade, quarrelled with the King of Ba-
chang ; and aflifted by thofe of Ternate and Tidore,
took and burned his City: Yet thefe and other
Kings, at the fame Time, confpiring to extir¬
pate the Portuguese, they were all cut off in Ter¬
nate ; and Trifan almoff ftarved out of the Fort
there, for Want of Provifions.
AX AD A KHAN, (General of Ibrahim, Adel Lands about
Khan) having ravaged the Country in the Neigh- Ooz. yielded,
bourhood of Goa in 1536, the Inhabitants furrender-
ed it to de Cunna, who accepted of it. Soon after,
thofe Lands being invaded by SoleymanAga, a Turk,
another of the Adel Khans Generals, he was op-
pofed by D. fuan Pereyra , who built a Fort at
Rachol, in Spite of him. Afterwards, he defeat¬
ed
By the P o r t u g u e z e.
1537. ed him at Margam a, and Azada Khan, at Panda ; a out, difcovering who he was. Tri/Ian doPayva ,
83
De Cunna. which Town was burned. This laft Commander,
J enraged hereat, built the Fort Bori (on the River
of that Name) oppofite to that of Rachel ; which
was therefore demolifhed by the Portugueze.
After this, the King of Kalekut’ s Forces
were defeated near Kranganor ; and Ripelim taken
and burned. Here was recovered a Piece of
Marble, highly valued by the King of Kochin ,
(from whence it had been plundered,) becaufe
Ripelim
burned.
I: JJjtn.
reached out an Oar to bring him on board : When
a Soldier ftruck him acrofs the Face with a Hal¬
berd, and then others, till he was killed. He
kept a little while above Water, and then fank :
And neither his, nor de Soufa’s Body, could be
found.
DE CUNNA entered Diu , and by his dif-
creet Behaviour, reconciled the Inhabitants, who
began to quit the City. The Gold and Silver
*537*
De Cunna.
Diu entered
by de Cun¬
na.
thereon were cut the Names of the Kings of b found in the Palace, did not exceed 200,000 Par-
Badur’s
' Treachery .
Malabar , for three thoufand Years paft.
CHAP. XIV.
Continuation of Portugueze Tranfattions and Dif-
coveries, from 1537, to 1542.
SECT. I.
Badur, King of Kambaya, invites the Turks againf
the Portugueze. Is fain by the latter. A A4.au
three hundred Tears old. Portugueze Villanies,
feverely punijhed.
T) A DU R, King of Kambaya , having ferved
his Ends of the Portugueze , wanted to get rid
of them: For this Purpofe, he fent to invite the Turks
daws : But the Quantity of Ammunition was to
be admired. In the Port, were one hundred and
fixty Veffels, fome of great Bulk: No lefs won¬
derful was die Number of Brafs Cannon, (not to
mention thofe of Iron) among the reft were found
three Bafilifks, of fuch a prodigious Size, that de
Cunna fent one, as a Rarity, to Portugal ; which
is ftill kept in the Caftle of St. Julian, at the
Mouth of the River Lisbony and called the Gun
of Diu.
D E CUNNA found, among the dead King’s
Papers, Proofs, fufficient to convince the principal
Alohammedan Merchants, and Kazi' s, of Badur 's
Defign, to bring the Turks upon the Portugueze.
And to ingratiate himfelf the more with the Pub-
lick, ordered, that the Mohammedans fhould en-
Proofs of
Badur’s
Dejign.
to affift him. Mean Time he contrived, not only to joy the free Exercife of their Religion and Laws ;
take the Fort and deftroy the Garifon, but de Cunna
alfo, fending for him to Diu in 1537, w^iere de
Cunna went ; and though apprifed of the King’s d
Delign, did not fecure him at a Vifit made on
board : But refolved to do it at the Fort. The
King putting off in his Katur , or Barge, de Soufay
who commanded the Fort, followed, to make the
Invitation. At the fame Time, another Barge
coming up, and feeing de Soufa in the King’s,
entered the fame haftily ; which giving Badur a
Sufpicion, he ordered his Offieis to kill de Soufa.
Diego de Mefquitay (who had aflifted the King in
continuing befides all Penfions that had been al¬
lowed by the King.
Among many, who reforted to receive the
Benefit of this Liberality, was a Moor of Bengaly
who by authentic Informations, was found to be
three hundred Years of Age b. He had at this
Time two Sons, one ninety, the other twelve
Years old. He had renewed his Hair and Teeth
four or five Times. He feemed not to be above
fixty Years of Age : Was rather fhort than tall,
and neither fat nor lean.
PI e pretended, that one Day, while in his firft
A Man 300
Tears old .
his late Wars) underftanding what he faid, flew e Century, tending his Cattle by a River Side, there
Stupid
Fill ions.
at, and wounding that Monarch, was flain by his
Attendants. Here infued a bloody Fray, where¬
in four Portugueze, and feven of the Enemy,
were flain. Some more Barges on each Side came
up: The King, feeing the Danger, began to fly,
but was flopped by a Cannon Shot, which killed
three of his Rowers. He then thought to efcape
by fwimming ; but in Danger of drowning, cried
appeared to him a Man in grey, girt with a Cord,
with Wounds in his Hands and P'eet, praying to
be carried over on his Shoulders ; which having
done, the other to reward his Charity, told him,
he fhould continue in the fame Habit of Body,
till he faw him again. The old Man, going in¬
to a Portugueze Church, foon after their Arrival
in the Indies, and feeing the Image of St. Francis ,
a The Portugueze at firft gave Way; terrified, fays de Faria, and others, with ftrange Fireworks, made by a
Witch ; who, in Man’s Cloaths, fought to revenge the Death of her Hufband. Hence, it may be prefumed,
had they taken this Amazon, fhe would have been treated like another Joan of Arc : For we find another martial
Female, named Abchi, about 1 5S 1 , put into the Inquifition, tho’ not accufed of Witchcraft. b He lived eighty
Years longer, not dying till 1618. This maybe true, and that he might have been one hundred and forty
Years old in all. The reft is doubtlefs a Fable; and the rather, becaufe de Faria in the fame Place, mol. 3.
p. 297. fays, that it was reported, there were others two hundred Years old thereabouts : But that on Inquiry, none
appeared ; only one Woman was found about one hundred Years of Age, who had married that fame Year, hav¬
ing before buried feven Husbands. This Moor died at Bengal.
M 2
cried
Voyages to the
j rfj. cried out, with Surprife, This ! this is the Man a
Pe Cunna. 1 carried over the River fo many Years ago. What
relates to his pretended Age, may eafily be fup-
pofed a Fable of the Indian ; and what relates to
the Viiion, was doubtlefs a Fable of the Francif-
car.s. On Account of the firft, he was main¬
tained by Badur ; and on Account of the latter,
de Cunna continued his Allowance.
The Beginning of the Year 1538, ^e ^ unna
began that vaft Ciftern at Diu, which is of fuch
a Bignefs, that being twenty-five^ Spans deep, b
each Span contains iooo Pipes of W ater. I hus
he provided againft a long Siege.
To-tugueze Le t’s give fome Inftances of the infufferable
Vt thirties. Arrogance and Ingratitude of the Portugueze.
The King of Xael , (or Shael ) near Kajhen , on the
Arabian Coaft, having received fome Portugueze
kindly in his Port, they requited the Favour
with Injuries. One of thefe, among others, had
robbed a near Relation of the King’s ; and after
inflicting feveral Tortures, hung him, and two
other Perfons of Note, by the Privities, to make
them difcover their Treafure. Gonzaio Vaz com¬
mitted another Robbery. Alvaro Madera , being
kindly entertained by an honefl Moor, forced his
Wife from him. One Godino had the Honour to
treat the King at his Houfe, and repaid it, by
calling him Drunkard. Others took a Ship be¬
longing to his Subjects, and impudently came to
fell it in his Port.
Severely The EffeCt of thefe Villanies was, that all the
"punijhld. Portugueze about the Town, were killed by the
Moors ; and D. Manoel de Menejes , who juft then
arrived as Ambaflador from de Cunna , with feventy
Attendants, were made Prifoners, thirty of whom
were fent as a Prefent to Conjlantinople : Whence
Madera efcaped, and carried the News to Lisbon
of the Turkijh Fleet, that was fitting out at Suez ,
to invade the Portugueze in India. Godino had his
Head cut off in the King of Shael s Prefence.
SECT. II.
Affairs of Bengal. Chatigan burned , and Gowro,
the Capital , taken. Galvam’r Bravery. Min-
danau and Japan difcovered.
y-'v E CUNNA , defirous of having a Fort at
JLJ Chatigan in Bengal , and being encouraged
’ ■ by a rich Moor , fent Martin Alfonfo de Melo thi¬
ther, with a Prefent for the King Mohammed
Shah ; who, jealous of his Defign, fecured him,
and fifty- three more. Mohammed was the thir¬
teenth SuccefTor of the Arab , who, fifty Years
before the Portugueze entered India , ufurped the
East Indies
Kingdom of Bengal, by flaying the lawful King. 1537°
The Capital City Gowro , extended three Leagues De Cunna.
in length along the Ganges ; and contained one
Million two hundred thoufand Families. Antonio
de Silva Menefes, being fent to redeem the Pri¬
foners, and imagining the Meflenger alfo was de¬
tained, becaufe he ftaid longer than ordinary, he
burnt Chatigan, and other Places. For this they Chatigan
were ufed the harder : But for the Service they
did the King againft Shir Khan , a Mogol Gene-,^.
ral who had been well entertained, and was now in
Rebellion, he fet them at Liberty. They flopped
Shir Khan’s Paflage down the Ganges at Gori, a
Fort, where that River enters Bengal. As foon
as the Portugueze were gone. Shir Khan returned,
and entering Gowro by Force, feized the Kingdom;
Mohammed dying of his Wounds in his Way to
implore HumayuA s Afliftance.
SHIR KHAN , afpiring to farther Conquefts, shir Khli»
took the City Kalejor from the Rasbuts , with In- killed.
tent to feize the Treafure of an Indian Temple
there. But pointing a Cannon to kill an Ele¬
phant belonging to that Church, the Gun burft,
and tore him, with many others, in Pieces. This
doubtlefs was looked on as a Judgment by the
Pagans ; and may be deemed fo, perhaps, by fome
Chrijlians ; fince Dr . Prideaux, (in his Connec¬
tion of the Hiftory of the Old and New Tefta-
ment) aCtually pronounces the Misfortunes that
latterly attended Brennus, the Gaul, after fo many
i Victories, to his having plundered the Temple of
Delphos. But fure there could be no Crime in
plundering Idol Temples, made rich with the
Spoil of the People, by the rapacious Priefts a.
A T Malakka, Things were ftill in great Con- Affairs of
fufion : Don Stephen de Gama, deftroyed Ujomtana ^la,^ka5
and its Fort, on the River Tor; being the South- Molokkos-
Eaft Point of the Coaft of Malakka , and forty
Leagues from the City of that Name. In 1537,
its Bridge was twice attacked by a Commander
e of Achen , who was repulfed. The Troubles
caufed at the Molukkos , by the Avarice of Triflan
de Atayde, were remedied, by fending Antonio
Galvam to command, whofe Prudence, Modefty,
and Juftice, healed all the Sores made by his
PredecefTors. Underftanding that eight Kings
had entered into Alliance againft the Portugueze
at Tidore , he went thither with four Ships, one
hundred and feventy Portugueze, and fifty Moors ,
f purfued by three hundred Sail, with thirty thou¬
sand Moors. He anchors at Tidore, whofe Shores
were covered with Multitudes ; and though the
Fort appeared impregnable, fcales it with one
hundred and twenty Portugueze, and two hun-
a Kino- John III. of Portugal, thought it no Crime: Since he gave Martin Alfonfo de Melo , Governor of India,
exprefs Orders to rob the Temple of Tremele , near Meliapor and Madrafs, though de Faria thinks no Pretence
could juftify fuch a Robbery. Alfonfo did not effect his Defign there: But he plundered other Temples; and
particularly that of Tebcltkare, near Kalekulam , in 1544. See de Faria, vol. 2. p. S3.
1 J dred
\
I537*
De Cunna.
By the Portugueze.
dred and eighty Slaves. The Kings coming on a of Don Juan de Cajlrds Journal, of the Governor
_ . _ . -m r ■ ' • I 1 * T'l O , ,7 J. _ \r r\.,nrra nn *-VlO *• SP1 I T
Galvam’i
Bravery.
Exceeded by
his Integrity
with fifty thoufand Men, he withdraws into
a Wood. They thinking he fled, fome Par¬
ties purfue, and are routed : Some flying to
the Fort, he follows, enters with them, and fets
it on Fire. The Kings, terrified, fled to the
Mountains with their Treafure. Galvatn marches
to the City, from which the Inhabitants fled, and
burns it to the Ground ; levelling the Works in
fuch a Manner, that fcarce any Sight of the Place
was left, but the Afhes.
This unparallel’d Vi£lory, which coft but one
• Slave, produced an honourable. Peace : After
which, Galvatn by his Courtefies, and offering to
rebuild the City, fo much obliged the King and
Subjects, that they confided in him as an antient
tried Friend. Does not this fhew, that all the
Wars and Diftra&ions, wherein the Portugueze
were concerned, were owing to the Injuries and
Injuftice offered to the Indians , wherever they
came ? De Faria fays, Galvatn found it eafier
to overcome the greateft Army of Barbarians ,
than the fmalleft Tindlure of Portugueze Avarice.
The People of Ternate , being divided into Parties,
about choofing a King, they offered to make Gal-
yam Kin°\ till they had one conformable to their — — , . - -
Laws: But he refufed. Ferdinand de Grijalva , longing thereto, as they flood in the Year, 104c.
who was caft away, being refufed Admittance by
the Kings of Gilolo and Bachan, into their Ports, CHAP. XV.
htt^ranfomed d * ^ *
D. Stephen de Gama’s Voyage up that
Queft of the Turkifo Fleet.
In 1540, Peter de Faria , Governor of Ma-
lakka , fent his Kinfman, Antonio de Faria y Soufa ,
to fecure a Peace with the King of Patane. He
having run along the Coafts of Katnboja , Champa ,
Cochinchina , and China, and after meeting with
feveral unaccountable Changes of good and bad
Fortune, was one Night fwallowed up in the Sea,
b Ship and all : But the Adventures told of him are
fo extravagant, they furpafs Belief ; and being re¬
lated chiefly on the Authority of Mendez Pinto ,
(he fhould be called Mendax Pinto) whole Book is
one continued Chain of monftrous f idlions, de-
ferve no Credit.
In 1542, Antonio de Mota, Francifco, and An- Ja?3n
tonio Peixoto , failing for China , firft difeovered' f
Japan ; being thrown by a Storm on the Ifland
Nifon , called by the Chinefe , Je pwen , whence
c Europeans have formed Japan. And as this is
the laft and fartheft Difcovery made by the Por¬
tugueze Eaftward, we fhall here conclude the
Hiftory of the Eajl India Affairs ; only adding
an Account of their Poffeffions to the South-Faft,
and Eafl, with the Commands and Revenues be-
Mindanaa
dij'covered.
The Fate of
Fair lots.
Turks ct-
teik Diu.
kindly.
FRANCIS DE CASTRO , fent out with
two Priefts, was driven, by bad Weather, to Sa-
tigana , and other Elands, one hundred Leagues
North of the Molokkos: They difeovered alfo the
Ifland Mindanao ; the Kings, Queens, Nobles,
and People, embracing the Romijh Religion,
wherever they came, to the Wonder of the ob-
flinate Mohammedans , as de Faria calls them.
When Galvan! s Time of Government expired^ 1
thofe Kings begged to have him continued for
Life. He° left Ternate in a flourifhing Condition,
but returned to Portugal involved with Debts ;
thinking to meet with fome Reward for fo much
Valour, Service, Parts, and Merit : But he found
Contempt and Mifery, which brought him to
die in an Hofpital. This, fays de Faria, was
the Reward thofe who deferved befl, found in
Portugal ; where heroic A 61 ions were looked upon
as Crtmes, and Crimes as heroic Actions.
This fameYear, 153^’ was attacked by
Soleymdn , Bafha of Egypt, in Conjunaion with
the King of Kambaya’s Forces, both hy Sea and
Land. This memorable Siege fhall be related at
the End of Soleymdn s Voyage down the Red- oca
to India j as that in the Year I545> at tne
Cape of Good Hope to China.
SECT. I.
Revenue of the Cities , Forts , and Officers. Bijhop-
ricks, and Religious Houfes. Botello’j furpn-
fing Voyage from India to Portugal in an open
Boat. Taken from de Faria y Soufa.
THE Portugueze Empire to the Eaftward, portUgUeze
extends from the Cape of Good Hope in PoJJejfmt.
Africa, to Cape Liampo [or Ning Po~\ in China ,
four thoufand Leagues along the Sea Coafts; with¬
out including the Shores of the Red-Sea , and
Perfan Gulf, which make about twelve hundred
Leagues more. Within this Space lies half Africa ,
and all Afia, with innumerable Iflands belonging
thereto. Thefe four thoufand Leagues are di¬
vided into feven Parts.
The firft Divifion, between the famous Cape ^ jyivfi
f of Good Hope, and the Mouth of the Red-Sea, J
contains along the Coaft many Kingdoms of the
Kafrs: As the vaft one of Monomotapa, whole Mo¬
narch is Lord of all the Gold Mines in Afric ;
thofe of Sofaia, Mozambik , fhtilca, Pemba, Me¬
linda, Pata % Brava, Magadoxa, and many other
Sovereignties. Here the Crown of Portugal is pof-
hcr.
a Patta, now in tire Hands of the Arabs, fiace 169 2.
left
86
V OYAGE S' to the
left of the Forts of S of ala and Mombajfa *, and a
the City and Fort of Mozambik.
id Divifioa. The fecond Divifion, from the Mouth of the
Red-Sea to the Perfian Gulf, contains the Coaft
of Arabia, where they have the impregnable For-
trefs of Maskat b.
.3 d Divifion. The third Divifion, between Bafrah, or the
Perfian Gulf, and the Indies, contains the King¬
doms of Ormuz, Guadel and Sinde, with Part of
thofe of Perfia and Kambaya : Here they hold the
Forts of Bandel, and Diu c. b
QthDi-vif.un, The fourth Divifion, from the River Indus to
Cape Komorin , contains what is properly called
India , that is, Part of Kambaya , Dekan , Kandra,
and Malabar , fubjedl to feveral Princes. Here
they have the Forts of Daman , Ajfarim , Danu ,
St. Gens, Agazaim, Maim, Manor a, Trapor , Ba-
zaim, with the City Tana, Karanja , the City
Chaul, and oppofite Fort, called Morro. The
mod noble City Goa, large, ftrong, and popu¬
lous, the Metropolis of their Eaftern Dominions : c
An Archbiftioprick, whofe Prelate is Primate of
all the Eaft : This is the Refidence of the Vice-
Roys; and here are the Courts of the Inquifition,
Exchequer, and Chancery ; a Cuftom-Houfe,
Arfenal, and Magazines well provided. The City
is feated in an Ifland, girt with a ftrong Wall,
and fix mighty Caftles, called Dauguim, St. Bias
cf Bajfoleco, Santiago, Agazaim, Panguim , and
Nuejlra Sennora del Cabo. On the other Side to
fecure the Bar, is that of Bardes. Oppofite to d
the Caftle Dauguim is the Fort of Norva, with a
good Town. On one Side of this Ifland, lies
that of Salfet, where is the Fort of Rachol. Then
going along the Coaft, they have the Forts of
Onor d, Barfelor, Mangalor, Kananor, Granganor ,
and Kochin, which is a Biflhoprick ; and near Cape
Komorin, the Town and Fort of Koulan e.
ctbDivifion. THE fifth Divifion> .tying between Cape Co-
' morin and Ganges, contains Koromandel and Orixa,
where they have the Fort of Negapatam , that of e
Meliapor , with the City which is a Bifhoprick, of
late called St. Thomas, and Mafulapatam.
GthDi-vifion. The fixth Divifion, between Ganges and Cape
Singapura, contains the vaft Kingdoms of Bengala,
Pegu, Tanazarim , and others of lefs Note. Here
they have the City of Malakka f, a Bifhop’s Seat,
and the laft Place poflefled by them in the Eaftern
Continent.
. . „ . The feventh Divifion, between the Capes S/«-
' gapura and Liampo, [or Ningpd] contains the King- f
doms of Pam, [or Pahang ] Lugor, Siam, Kambo-
dia, Champa, or Tfampa, Cochinchina , and the
vaft Empire of China. Here they have no Place
Indies
East
but the City of Makau , (in an Ifland in the Bay
of Kant on) yet trade all along thofe Coafts.
In the Ifland Ceylon [or Seyldn\ they poflefs Seylan. -
the City and Fort of Kolumbo, thofe of Manor ,
Gale, and others s. Beyond Malakka , a Fort in
the Ifland Timor. The Number of their Forts
throughout this large Extent, is above fifty ; and
twenty Cities and Towns, befides many Villages
depending on the others.
As to the Revenue, the Cuftoms of Diu are Revenue of
worth 100,000 Crowns ; thofe of Goa, 160,000 ; tkcCmcsani
thofe of Malakka, 70,000 : The Tribute paid by7cfYi*
feveral Places, amounts to 200,000 : All which,
with Prizes, and other uncertain Profits, will make
above a Million. If theOfftcers (fays de Faria ) had
any Honefty, it might amount to two Millions:
For there is no doubt but they cheat the King of
half his Income; as may appear, by what theForts
are worth to their Commanders. Ducats.
The Forts of Sofala . . . 200000
Mozambik .... 200000
Mombajfa .... 30000
Maskat e . . . 50000
Bandel .... 2000
Diu . 60000
Lefler Fort there . . . 1000
Brankavara Pafs . . 1000
Ajfarim . 4000
Danu . . . . . . . 600
S. Gens . 600
Agazaim .... 600
Maim . 600
15000
400
30000
400
2000
80000
1000
2000
6000
Manora
Trapor ....
Bazaim ....
Tana ....
T wo on that River
Chaul ....
Goa . 20000
Dauguim Fort . . . 3000
St. Bias . .
Agazaim .
Bardes
Noroa . 1500
Rachol .*.... 600
Onor . 1 2000
Barfelor . . . . 30000
Mangalor .... 12000
Kananor
G ranganor ’
Kochin . 1 00000
Koulan ..... 12000
Negapatam .... 8000
Mufalapatam . . . 8000
15000
6000
3 Mombajfa was taken from them by the Majkat Arabs , in 1 698. b They were forced out fhamefully by the
Arabs, in 1650. c Or Diu, thatys, Ifland. d Taken laft Century by the Raja of Kandra. e Koulan ,
f Taken by the Dutch, 1660.
or Koiloun, and the four preceding Towns, taken by the Dutch about 1663
£ All loft to the Dutch, about 1658.
Meliaporor
By the P o r t u g u e z e,
Meliaporor St. Thomas 12000
Malakka .... 150000
Columbo . 40000
Manar . 24000
( rale ...... 1 6000
Solor ...... 16000
Besides thefe, there are others of leffer Va¬
lue. All of them together may be worth to their
Commanders yearly, half a Million. The Value
above, is computed for three Years. There are
other Employments no lefs profitable than the
Command of Forts, of which Number are the
feveral Voyages. That from Goa to China and
Japan, is worth to the Chief Commander 100,000
Crowns ; that from Koromandel to Malakka ,
20,000 ; that from Goa to Mozambik, 24,000 ;
to Ceylon , 4000. Thefe Salaries arife only out
of the Freight of Goods ; and the Captain makes
as much more by Way of Trade.
Vice-Roy's The Vice-Roy’s Salary is 18,000 Crowns, be-
Salary. fides the difpofing of Places, which are all fold :
But the chief Thing which they all look upon, is
Trade : For whereas the King gets nothing out
of India , fome Vice-Roys have cleared three,
fome five, and fome 800,000 Ducats. All other
Officers have great Salaries, befides their lawful
Profits, and their more confiderable Frauds. The
Salaries (fays mt Author) are confiderable enough
to have made Men honeft, but Avarice knows no
Bounds. Thus much of the Temporal Power ;
let us come to the Spiritual.
Eijbopricks. The Archbilhop of Goa is Metropolitan, and
Primate of all Afia. Kochin was made a Bifhop-
rick in the Year 1559 : Malakka , the fame Year :
Meliapor , 1607. The Bifhops of China , were
inftituted by Pope Pius Jhtintus. There is alfo a
Bifhop of Japan , and one of the Mountain, near
St. Thomas of Aleliapor. There were Bifhops of
Perfta , as alfo Patriarchs of Ethiopia. The City
Angamala is a Bifhoprick, as is that of Makao ,
[or Makau\
Last l y, with Regard totheHoufes, Churches,
and Monafteries of Religions : The Francifcans
have twenty-two ; the Dominicans , nine ; the Ate -
gujiins , fixteen ; th c Jefuits, about twenty-eight
Monafteries, Colleges, and Seminaries ; befides
a vaft Number of Refidencies, fo called by them,
where there are only two or three Prieffs.
Tien- Power The foregoing Accofint rrtay fheto how great
impaired, the Power and Wealth of the Portugueze rnuft have
been in its flourifhing State : But fince then, their
Pofleffions have been greatly Jefiened, by the.Ac-
quificions of the Englijh and Dutch ; which latter,
at the Time that State of India was publifhed,
had- taken from them many confiderable Places,
as they had loft Ormuz , long before, to the Per-
fans. In fhort, the only confiderable Places they
remain poflefTed of at prefent, are Goa and Diu ,
a which fooner or later muft fufter the Fate of the
reft.
SECT. II.
An Account of' the principal Authors made TJfe of in
this Book , relatifig to the Portugueze Voyages and
Difcoveries toward the South- Eajl : Particularly
the Afia Portugueza of Manoel de Faria y
Soufa.
b £ E V E R A L Authors have written of the firft Authors
^ Voyages and Difcoveries of the Portugueze ma^c Ujle
Eaftward, with the Affairs of India , particularly
Fernan Lopez de Cajlanneda , in eight Volumes ;
the great Juan de Barros , in four Decades ; the
Bifhop D. Hierome Oforio\ the Jefuit Majfi , who
did little more than epitomize Barros , and P. An¬
tonio de St. Roman , who tranfiated Maffi ; Antonio
Galvam, Governor of Tcrnate,(Seep. 34. ) who wrote
a brief Account of the Voyages and Difcoveries
c of the Portugueze and Spaniards: Laftlv Manod
de Faria y Scufa. This Author, and Cajlanneda ,
we have chiefly followed in the foregoing Part ;
fupplying them, however, as Occafion required,
from other Authors. As we have already given
an Account of Cajlanneda' s Performance, there is
the fame Reafon for fpeaking of. de Faria's.
This Author, who is a celebrated Hiftorian, Account of
has written the TranfaXions of his Countrymen poft^eJz0..
in the Eajl Indies , from their firft going there in Afia,
d 1497, to the Year 1640, under the Title of Afia
Portugueza. It contains all their Voyages and
Difcoveries from the Coaft of Africa , to the far-
theft Parts of China and Japan \ all their Battles
by Sea and Land, Expeditions, Sieges, and other
memorable Adlions : The Whole interfperfed with
Defcriptions of the Countries and Places, that
were difeovered or vifited by them ; including an
Account of theCuftoms, Manners, Government,
and Religion of the Natives. The Author is re-
c markable for a concife and pithy Way of relating
Things ; and for his Reflexions on the ConduX of
the Portugueze Kings, Minifters, and India Go¬
vernors, as well as his Remarks on other Occafions :
Which are always juft and judicious, excepting
where they relate to religious Matters : wherein
he generally difeovers a furprifing Reverfe of Cha-
raXer, for Credulity, and Weaknefs, or rather
Abufe of Under (landing, owing to Education.
He has alfo relied too much on the Veracity of
f Mendez Pinto, a mere Romancer; whofe FiXions
have injured the Work, and the more, for Want
of de Faria having diftinguifned his Authors by
References.
At the End, are added four very (hort, but
curious Articles : 1 . A fhort Account of what
the Portugueze are poffefied of between the ,Cape
cf Good Hope and China ; of the feveral Dignities,
o Commands,
m
Soleym'n
Bilhi.
Editions of
Voyages to the East Indies.
Commands, and Revenues, in the faid Poffeffions, a after the Voyage was performed. The other is 1537*
given us by Ramufio , in the firft Volume of his Soleym-'n
Italian Cohesion ; and intitled, A Voyage, writ- , B^h7 ,
ten by a Venetian Officer of the Galleys b, voho was ~
carried Prif oner from the City of Alexandria to Diu
in India; with his Return afterwards to Kairo, in
1538.
These Copies differ in feveral other RefpeXs, Variations.
befides the Title, Ramufio*$ being altered here
and there, as to the Subftance, as well as Diction ;
b which, in many Places, is obfcure in Aldus's Copy ;
Yet this latter is of Ufe, to correct fome Errors
of the Prefs, crept into that of Ramufio ; who has
omitted the laft Paragraph of the Voyage relating
to the Apparition of dead Bodies annually near
Kairo, as well as an Account which is annexed
of the Places, at that Time pofTeffed by the Por¬
tugueze , in the Indies ; doubtlefs, becaufe the Au¬
thor owns, he does not fpeak as an Eye Witnefs.
The firft we have inferted, but not the laft ; hav-
and of the religious Houfes in thofe Parts. This has
been inferted above. 2. An Account of all the
Ships, that failed from Lisbon , to difeover the
Coafts of Africa and Afia-, with the annual trading
fillips, from the Time Prince Henry I. attempted
the Difcovery, till 1640. 3. A Lift of the Vice-
Roys, and Governors of India, from the firft Dif¬
covery, till 1640. 4. A Lift of the Authors,
from whence the Portugueze Afia was collected.
The printed Books are in Number, twenty-one;
the MSS. thirteen ; with a brief Judgment of de
Faria on each.
This Work, which is efteemed a very curi¬
ous and accurate Performance, has gone through
feveral Impreffions in Portugal. The firft was
printed at Lisbon, in the Year 1666, in three
Volumes f olio; with Plans of the chief Places,
conquered by them in the Indies , and fmall Heads
of the Governors. The next was in 1674. It
has been tranflated alfo into Italian , French , and c ing already given a much better Account of thofe
Englijl). The Engliff Edition was printed at Lon¬
don, in 1695, in three Volumes, OXavo ; and
intitled, The Portugueze Afia, or, Hi/lory of the
Difcovery and Conqueff of India by the Portugueze,
&c. The Tranflator, Captain John Stephens, (a
Gentleman well fkilled in the Languages of Por¬
tugal and Spain) has fomewhat contraXcd the
Original, by leaving out fome long Speeches, fup-
pofed to be made by the Hiftorians, with feveral
Places. Our Tranflation is from Aldus' s Copy ;
and in it we have marked the Variations of the
other, by inclofing them within Hooks : We have
likewife divided it into Sections, after the Manner
of Ramufio.
This Voyage, though not performed by th ey/kyplacci
Portugueze, yet feems to claim a Place here, as it here.
has a near Connexion with their Affairs ; and
ferveS to compleat that which follows : For one
Reflexions of the Author, and Lifts of Officers <1 was made along the Eaftern Side of the Sea, the
and Gentlemen prefent at confiderable Adtions,
which ferved only to fwell the Bulk of the Vo¬
lumes : But the Tranflator declares, as to the
reft, that he has not omitted the moft inconfider-
able Paffage, or leffened any material Circum-
ftance. It could be wifhed, it had been printed
more correXly, on Account of the infinite Num¬
ber of proper Names, which are full of typogra¬
phical Faults.
CHAP. XVI.
The Voyage cJSoleyman Bafha, from Suez to India}
in his Expedition againff the Portugueze at Diu?
z'« r537 :
Written by an Officer of the Venetian’ Galleys, (who
was prejfed into the Turkifh Service) and now
firft tranfated from the Italian.
Previous Remarks on this and the following Voyage.
other along theWeftern. So that both together
afford a tolerable Account of the Whole ; and
are the more valuable, as being in EffeX, the on¬
ly particular Relations extant of Voyages perform¬
ed, as they were, from one End of the Arabic
Gulf to the other ; excepting that of Mr. Daniel ,
in 1700, which is very fuperficial.
Yet the Geographers, except de Lifle, and Paradoxes.
one or two more fince, feem to have made no
e Ufe of either of thefe Helps. However, itmuft be
confeffed, this is not fo furprifing, as to find, that
neither of thefe two Journals, tho’ very particular
in marking each Day’s Rout, takes the leaft No¬
tice of that great Bay, (anciently called the Elani tic )
a little to the Eaft of Tor, or al Tur, running by
the Foot of Mount Sinay, a great Way into Ara¬
bia: Which has been deferibed by the Arab Geo-
Editiom of
this Voyage.
graphers, and confirmed lately by two eminent
THERE are two Copies to be met with of Travellers of our own Nation, Dr. Shaw, and
the following Voyage. The firft is publifh- f Dr. Pocock, who have delineated it in their Maps,
ed, with other TraXs of the fame Nature, under A s to the Voyage of the Venetian Officer, 3.t jjre 0y th-s
the Title of, A Voyage from Alexandria into India, prefent under our Confideration, it hath two Journal.
in a fmall OXavo Volume a, printed by Aldus, at Things peculiar to it. firft, it fliews the Way of
Venice , in 1540; which was within two Years Sailing, ufed by the Turks, (with whom we may
3 Intitled, Viaggi fatti da Vinetia, alia Tana, in Perfia, in India, and in Coftantinopoli,
the Word ufed here, fignifies die Boatfwain, who in the Gallies, fuperintends the Slaves.
o r.
b ComitOy
join
By the Portugueze,
89
I £37, join the Arabs and Indians) in thofe Eaftern Seas.
Soleyman Secondly, it mentions feveral Particulars relating
Baflia. t0 the Siege of Diu , and A£lions of the Bafha,
that could not be fo well known to the Portu-
from Satalia and Conjlantinople to Alexandria , 1538.
and then carried down the Nile in Zerba ( Jer - Soleyman
beh , or Barks) to Kairo , and thence, by Camels,
to Suez, where Pharaoh was drowned. On the
Bafha.
gueze ; and ferves to rectify fome Things, as well Road from Kairo hither, which is eighty Miles,
as clear up others. Here it mud be obferved,
that the Soundings, or Depth of Water is every
where, except in two or three Places, reckoned
by the Pace, confifting of five Foot, though we
call it the Fathom, which is fix. The Time of
Sailing is alfo fet down, according to the Italian
Account; which begins the Day at Sun-fet, and
reckons the Hours fucceflively round, from One,
which is fixty Minutes after, to Twenty- four, in-
ftead of dividing it into twice Twelve, as is cuf-
tomary with the Englijh and other Nations.
Venetians
feixed at Al¬
one meets with no Habitations, nor even Water,
or any thing to eat ; fo that before the Kara-
wans fet out, they furnifh themfelves with the
Water of Nile. In the Time of the Chrijlians c
this was a great City, and full of Cifterns: It
had alfo a [navigable] Kalij, or Canal, cut from
the Nile , whereby, on the Increale of the River,
thofe Cifterns were filled with Water, which
ferved all the Year. Afterward having been de-
ftroyed by the Mohammedans , the Canal was fil¬
led up with Earth ; and now the Water that is
drank at Suez , is brought by Camels from cer¬
tain Ponds, or Wells, at a Tower fix Miles dif-
tant : Which W ater, though very brackifh, they
had to drink ; every fifty Men being allowed as
much as a Camel could carry. All the Timber,
Iron, Ammunition, and Provifions, were brought
from Kairo. Suez ftands in a Bay of the Red-
Sea , and has a fmall Fort, with mud Walls,
thirty Paces fquare, with twenty Turks to guard
the Place. The Fleet confifted of feventy-fix
Sail, great and fmall, viz. fix Maons, feventeen
follow Soleyman Bajfa a [Eunuch] who was com- Galleys, twenty-feven new Foifts, two Galle-
S E C T. I.
The Venetian Merchants and Sailors -at Alexan¬
dria, prejfed into the Turkifh Service. Are fent
to Suez or Swxz. Its Defcription. Two Thou-
/and Men defer t the Galleys . Tor. IJland So-
rid an. Port Kor.
HIS Voyage (the anonimous Author tells
us) was performed by him, not voluntari-
exandria. ]y? but by Conftraint ; having been obliged to
rp
manded by Soleyman Sach b, Emperor of the
Turks , to go on an Expedition againft the Por¬
tugueze in the Indies: Atfuch Time as the War
broke out in the Year 1537, the Lord-
Ihip of Venice ; and that her trading Gallies,
commanded by Antonio Barbarigo , were at Alex¬
andria. Here they flayed without having anyOp-
Suez de-
Jeribed.
ons, four Ships, and other fmall Craft.
The ninth of March , 1538, about 2000 q
Men quitting the Galleys, landed with their J^dde/m.
Arms, in order to march towards the Mountains {
but, about fix Miles from the Shore, they were
met by a Sanjak , accompanied with twenty-feven
Horfe d, defigned for the Garifon of Suez ; who
portunity of Trafficking, or taking in Goods, till furrounded them, and having killed two hundred,
the feventh of September ; on which Day Almoro the reft were ftripped, and carried on board the
Barbaro , the Venetian Conful, Captain Barbari- Galleys, where they were chained to the Oar.
go, before-mentioned, the Merchants, Seamen, The fifteenth of June, Soleyman Bafha , ar-Sole m3n
and every thing belonging to them, were arreft- rived at Suez, where pitching his Tents, they a,°,%™an
ed, and lodged in the Tower of Lances. After e refted eight Days. Mean while the Fleet was got
which, all thofe who belonged to the Sea, being in Readinefs, and the Soldiers received their
picked out from the reft, (among whom the Au- Pay, viz. to each five Ducats of Gold, and ten
thor was one) they were fent by fifty at a Time Maydins, in all 215 Maydins. Part of the Men
to Kairo, and from thence to Bajfa Soleyman-, of the large {Venetian) Galley, to which the A\x-.m yenetJ.
who having chofen the Gunners, Rowers, Car- thor belonged, were diftributed on board the ans difin-
penters, Caulkers, Officers, the Admiral and Fleet ; feventy in one half Galley, feventy in an-
fome Companies fent them to Suez , whither a other, fifteen in the Kiahya’s Galley, and eigh-
while after, he difpatched feveral others to fit teen on board that of Khilierki Baflia, who had
out the Fleet in that Port againft his Coming. with him the Conful of Alexandria : The reft
SUEZ is in a defert Place, where grows no f of the Men were difpofed of in two Galleons,
Herb of any Kind. Here the Ships were built, which carried the Powder, Salt-petre, Brimftone,
defigned for India ; and all the Timber for build- Ball, Meal, Bifcuit, and every thing elfe for the
inglhem, Iron-work and Tackle, was brought Ufe of the Fleet. The Baflia likewife fent his
“ Bafhd. b Shah, it fhould rather be Khan. c ’Tis Pagans in Ramified s Copy. d There
feems to be fome Miftake here; it being fcarce poffible, that fo few Men fhould furround and overcome 2000
who were armed, and feem to have been Soldiers : Some of whom, as appears from the next Chapter, were
put to the Oar.
Vol. I. N° 4. N t Trea-
9o
i538-
Soleyman
Bafhl
Voyages to the East Indies
?kt Fleet
departs.
Tor, or al
Tur.
Kharas..
I find Sori
dan.
Con/} of Ha
feafh.
Treafure on board the Galleys, confiding of for- a
ty-two Chelbs, which was covered with Ox-hides
and Oil-cloth. On the twentieth he ordered all
to be on board the Fleet in two Days.
The twenty-fecond the Bajhd embarked, and
removed four Miles from Suez , to the Point of
Pharaoh, where there is a good Bottom, in four
Fathom Water. Seven Men died here. This
Place is twelve Miles from the Pits of Mofes.
The twenty- feventh, the whole Fleet left
Suez , with a North-Weft Wind; and before b
Nightfall, cart: Anchor fixty Miles thence, at a
Place called Korondol ; where Mofes ftretching
out his Rod, divided the Sea, and' Pharaoh was
drowned with all his Hoft : And hence, (the Au¬
thor thinks) it came to be called the Red-Sea.
Here they had twelve Fathom Water, and flay¬
ed one Night.
The twenty-eighth, leaving Korondol , they
failed South-Eaft, thirty-three Leagues, and eaft
Anchor, two Hours before Night, in a Place c
called for ; where there are many Francifcan
Friars, wdio furniftred the Fleet with Water.
This Place is a Day’s Journey and half, from
Mount Sinay , where is the Church and Body of
St. Catharine. Flere they remained five Days, in
five Fathom Water.
The third of July they departed, and came
behind a dry Sand-bank, about one Mile from
Shore, and forty from E'er, calling Anchor in
twelve Fathom Water, at a Place called Kharas ; d
where they flayed two Days, to infpedl the two
Ships which carried the Stores.
The fifth they left Kharas , and, about five
o’Clock, came to an Bland called Soridan , forty
Miles from the Coaft. The whole Day’s Courfe,
from Sun-fet to Sun-rife, was 100 Miles. They
failed all Night South-Eaft, and, at Sun-rife,
found themfelves to windward of a Mountain
called Marzoan , on the right Hand, ioo Miles
farther. e
The fixth they failed South-Eaft, and at Sun-
• rife, faw Land to the Right, towards Kabifa a,
having gone ioo Miles.
Th e feventh they failed ninety Miles, South-
Eaft by Eaft.
T h e eighth, proceeding at the Rate of eight
Miles an Hour, at Sun-rife they got ioo Miles.
In the Night the Wind was South-Wefterly, and
they failed South-Eaft twenty Miles.
The ninth the Morning was calm, and the 1538.
Winds variable ; and to the South-Eaft they Soleyman
found a Shoal under Water, fifty Miles from the ,_Dallu; _
Coaft. Their Courfe North- Weft, till Sun-fet,
was ten Miles ; and in the Night, South by
Weft, twenty Miles.
The tenth they failed feventv Miles South- Port o/Kor.
Eaft, and came to a Port called Kor, a very de¬
fect Place, in eight Fathom Water.
SECT. II.
Soleyman arrives at Joddah, the Port ^Mekka,
Ijlands Alfas, Kamaran and Tuiche. Straits
of Bab al Mandub.
THE eleventh, leaving Kor, they failed a- Jidda City.
long Shore till Noon, thirty Miles, to a
City, named Zidem b .* Which is the Scale, or
Landing-place of all the Spicery that comes from
India and Kalekut ; diftant from Mekba a Stage
and half. Here are feveral Shoals, both under
and above Water; yet ’tis a good Port, and has
Plenty of Provifions. But no Water is to be
met with ; excepting what is in a few Cifterns,
filled with Rain. Here one meets with Store
of Merchandize ; and the Place affords Dates,
Ginger of Mekha, and other Sorts. Without
the "City is a Mofk, where, according to the
Moors, is the Sepulchre of Eve. The Inhabitants
go almoft naked, are meagre and fwarthy. Here is
Fifti in Abundance: They tie three or four Pieces
of Timber together, about fix Foot long, and on
one of thefe Floats a fingle Man fitting, rows
with a Board, and ventures out eight or nine
Miles at Sea to fi(h, in all Weathers. Here the
Fleet relied four Days, and took in Water.
The fifteenth, at their Departure, five fmall
Veffels were miffing, by Chance c ; which they
underftood by a Man who efcaped out of a
Foift. This Day they failed South-Weft by
South, eighty Miles.
The fifteenth their Courfe was South-Eaft,
with a very fmall Wind till Night, thirty Miles,
and thence to Sun-rife fifty Miles.
The feventeenth they failed South by Eaft
till Night, 100 Miles; and from thence, to Sun-
rife, fixty Miles, South-Eaft by South.
The eighteenth they fleered South-Eaft, dur¬
ing. the Day the Weather dufky, 140 Miles d.
In the Night fifty Miles, South-Eaft by Eaft.
a Called afterwards Kabifa ; but in Ramufio's Copy, the Abifini : So that inflead of Kabifa fhould be read
llabajh, or Habajhia, commonly called Abafia , Abijftna, and Abifini a. b Jiddah or Joddah. This is
the Port of Mckka. De Life , in his Map of Egypt, Nubia, and Abijfnia, makes Zidem, which lie calls alfo
Giade (doubtlefs a Corruption of Jiddah ) a diflind Place, a little to the South. But this mull be a Miftake :
For Jiddah , for many Ages, has been the Port of Mekka, as Zidem here appears to be : Befides, the Circum-
ftance of E-ve's Tomb, which the Mohannnedan Writers place at Jiddah ; and here Pitts faw it. (See his Ac¬
count of the Religion and Manners of the Mohammedans, third Edition, p. 136.) ‘ ihcvenot fays her Tomb is at
Gidde , which De Life fuppofed to be a different Place from Gidda or Jodda ; and hence came his Miilake.
c The Meaning is, by good Luck, to exprefs the Author’s Satisfaction at the Accident. rt Ramufo's
Copy has only forty Miles by Day.
The
By the Portuguezb.
*538-
Soleyman
Baflia.
JJl.’vds of
Atfas.
Ifland Ka-
maran.
"Their Barky
' The People
and Soil.
Kings futx-
tr.ened.
The nineteenth they failed Eaft by South)
with a briflk Wind, till nine in the Morning, and
came among certain Iflands, called Atfas , a de-
fert Place; and inhabited only by People, who
came from other Iflands, to fifh and feek for
Pearls; which they get by diving to the Bottom
of the Sea, in four Fathom Water. They drink
Rain Water, preferved in Cifterns and Canals.
Here they flayed all Night, having ran 100
Miles.
The twentieth they came to an Ifland, twen¬
ty Miles from Land, called Khamaran ; where
they met with good W^ater and Provifions. In
this Place there was a ruinous Caftle, uninhabited ;
and about fifty Houfes, made of the Boughs of
Trees: There 'are fome other Huts fcattered over
the Ifland. They get Abundance of white Coral
here. The Men go quite naked and barefoot :
They are little, and wear nothing on their Heads
but their Hair, wrapping up their Privities in a
Clout. They are all Seamen, having a few Barks
and fmall Craft; (the Planks of) which are
bound together with Ropes, without any Iron¬
work; and their Sails, Mats curioufly made (as
well as the Cordage) with the Bark of Palm and
Date Trees, after the Manner of Fans. They
go to Land with thefe Barks, and bring thence
Abundance of Dates, Zibibs, and a Sort of white
Buck- wheat ; and make a good Quantity of Me-
eba Ginger. They have Plenty of Myrrh alfo from
Bijla a. They break their Buck-wheat on a Piece
of Marble, about the Size of the Stone Colours are
ground on; and upon it is another Stone, half
an Ell broad, in form of a rolling Pin, or Rol¬
ler, with which they bruife it ; and, in a Trice,
work up a Pafte, of which they make thin
Cakes. This is their Bread, and it is very hard,
fo that it muft be made frefh every Day ; other-
wife it will grow fo dry, that there is no eating
of it. Both Flefh and Fifh is here Plenty enough.
This Place is from the Iflands of Akhefas b,
forty Miles. Here the Bafha landed, and cauied
all the Galleys to turn in with him. From hence
he difpatched two Foifts, one to the King of Zibit ,
[Zabid] the other to him of Adem [Aden] ordering
them to provide Water and Provifion for the
Fleet, that he might be enabled to proceed in his
Expedition to India , againft the Portugueze ; and
to tell the King of Z tbit (which lies a Day’s
Journey within Land) that he muft come to the
Water-fide, and bring the Grand Signior’s Tri¬
bute, and pay Obedience to the Baflia. - Here
_ 91
a the Fleet was furnifhed with V\ ater, and ftaid 1538.
tpn Dave Soleyman
ten loays. . . Rah ?
The thirtieth they left Khamaran, with a
fmall Wind, and failing fifty Miles, South by
Eafi, at one in the Morning came to the Ifland
Tuiccc: Where the Bark which was fent to Zibit, if yd Tui-
met them, and brought the King’s P relent to
the Baflia ; confifting of Swords, wrought at Zr-
mina, in the Shape of viril Members c, the Han¬
dles and Scabbards being of Silver, gilt * Alio
b fome Poniards of the fame Sort of Workman-
Ihip ; the Handles of which were adorned with
Turky Stones, Rubies and Pearls. As to the l rt-
bute, the King of Zibit fent the Balha. V ord,
that he would pay it at his Return from conquer¬
ing the Portugueze ; acknowledging himfelf the
Grand Signior’s Slave. T his Day they advanced
fifty Miles, and in the Night they failed fifty
more, South by Eaft.
The firft of Augujl they proceeded ten Miles Straits of
c in the Night, with a South-Eaft Wind to a***™*
Shoal, called Alontrankin d, near the freights
Mouth ; and to the Right, on the Side oi Kabijia
[Habajb.] Here they had two Fathom Water,
and flayed one Night.
SECT. III.
Soleyman arrives at Aden. Hangs the King and
four others at the Yard-arm of his Galley. Pro -
^ ceeds , and cajls Anchor near Diu.
TH E fecond of Augujl, leaving the Shoals
they failed Eaft by South, ten Miles, and
got out of the S tr eight s ; whence proceeding till
Sun-rife next Morning, they went eighty Miles
farther. . , . .
The third, failing Eaft by North eighty^™*
Miles, the Fleet arrived at the City of Adem.
’Tis very ftrong, and ftands by the Sea-fide, fur-
rounded with exceeding high Mountains: On
the Top of which are little Caftles or Forts.
’Tis encompafled alfo with Ravelins on every
Side, excepting a little Opening, about 300 Paces
wide, for a Road into the Country, and to the
Shore; with Gates, Towers, and good Walls.
Befides all this, there lies a Shoal before the City,
on which is built a l ort ; and at the Foot of it a
Tower for the Defence of the Port, which lies
to the South, and has two Fathom Water. To
the North there is a large Port, with good An-
f chorage, covered from all Winds. There is
Plenty of good Water here. The Soil is dry,
? e
a It Is the Land of the Abiftns, in Ramufo's Copy. b RamufiP s Copy has Akhafas the fame before
called Atfas ‘ RaLfih Copy fays, in the Shape of Simeters. d W'rt
led Babel • which are the firlt two Words of Bab al Mandub , (corruptly called Babel Uar.dcl) tUt is the Gate
of WeepL . the Name given the Mouth of the Red-Sea, ox Arabic Gulph: Which was reckoned fo dangerous
by the annent Arabs , that whenever any of their Relations palled it, they put on Mourning tor them, as 1 crlon
•they gave over for loft, or dead Men.
N 2
producing
92
V o y a ges to //^ East Indie?
ir^g. producing no kind of thing. They have none a
Soleyrrsan but Rain-water, which is preferved in Cifterns
Baflij. antj p|tS) I00 Fathom deep ; and when drawn
L^Y^sJ out^ ’t;s fQ as not t0 be dran]^ till it has
Rood to coo]. This City is furnilhed with Pro-
vifion, Wood, and every thing elfe from other
Places. Here are Jews enough.
Srvds fa the As foon as they arrived, there came four Men
Kin&> 0f Falhion to the Balha, bringing with them fe-
veral Refrelhments. Pie received them cour-
teoufly, and talked to them a while in private : b
After which he gave each of them two Veils of
figured Velvet ; and fent them back with his
fafe Condudl for the Prince, fignifying, that he
might fafely come on board, and fear nothing.
But the Lord of Adem fent to tell him, that he
would not go himfelf ; but would readily fupply
him with whatever he Hood in need of: And thus
Matters flood this Day.
Who goes on The fifth, the Balha ordered the Jannitzeris to
hvi, land wjth their Arms, and all the Galleys to man c
their Boats. He difpatched his Kiabya , to fummon
the Lord of the City to come and do Plomage to
the Grand Signor, before the Balha. To whom
fie anfwered, I fee by your Head, that I am the
[Grand] Signor’s Slave; and fo came to the Gal¬
ley with many of his Court. The Kiabya prefent-
ing him, with a Handkerchief about his Neck, to
the Balha, who embraced him, and entertained him
well. They talked together a while, after which
Soleymdn caufed two Veils of figured Velvet to d
be brought, which he gave the Lord of the Ci¬
ty, and put on him : In the fame Manner were
all the Lords of his Retinue clad. Afterwards
having conferred together a confiderable Time,
the Balha difmifl'ed and gave him Leave to return
to the City. But what happened after this is not
Ana h bang- proper for me to relate a. Let it fuffice to fay,
rdat the that on a fudden Soleymdn ordered a Sanjdk , with
'bard-amt. ^,Q0 Janizaries' to take PoITeflion of the City;
whofe Inhabitants are like thofe of Kharabaia b, e
fvvarthy, lean and little.
A D E N is a Place of Trade, and trafficks
with the Indians. There arrive yearly three or
four Ships loaden with feveral Sorts of Spices,
which are fent from hence to Kairo. In thefe
Parts grow Ginger of Mecha , and no other
Sort.
The eighth, the Fleet removed to t'he North
Side of Aden, and there layed in Water, which
took up eleven Days. f
The nineteenth, the whole Armada departed, 1538.
being in all feventy-four Sail, reckoning .Gal-Soleymau
leys, Foills, Ships and lefler VelTels; the Ba-^
Iha leaving behind three Foills to guard the Port,
This Day their Courfe was forty Miles, Eall bydtn.
North.
The twentieth, they failed Eall with a Well-
ern Breeze, fifty Miles. In the Night they made
twenty Miles, Eall by South.
The twenty-firll, they ran thirty Miles Eall
in a Calm, and by Sun-rife thirty more.
The- twenty-fecond, it was calm till Noon,
when a little Wind rofe. Their Courfe till
Night was twenty Miles; and from thence Eall,
till Day-break, fifty.
Th e twenty-third, they fleered Eall by North-
fixty Miles; in the Night, North-Eall, for¬
ty Miles.
The twenty-fourth, they failed North-Eall,
forty Miles ; and in the Night, forty Miles.
The twenty-fifth, their Courfe was North-
Eall by Eall, ninety Miles; and in the Night,
till Sun-rife, 100 Miles.
The twenty-fixth, they failed North-Eall,
ninety Miles; and in the Night, eighty.
The twenty-feventh, they proceeded North-
Eall, ninety Miles ; and in the Night 100.
The twenty-eighth, North-Eall, in the Day¬
time ninety Miles ; and in the Night ninety
more.
The twenty-ninth, they held on the fame
Courfe, ninety Miles by Day, and the like Quan¬
tity by Night.
The thirtieth, they failed, Eall by North,
eighty Miles ; and in the Night ninety North-
Eall by Eall.
The thirty-firll, North-Eall by Eall fevent-y
Miles; and in the Night eighty.
SEPTEMBER the firft, proceeding on
the fame Rhumb, they failed feventy Miles ; and
in the Night, fifty.
The fecond, Hill the fame Courfe, thirty Approach thi
Miles: Being at Noon in thirty-five Fathom °f In-
Water, and in twenty at Night, within ioodia>
Miles of Dio c ; but from the nearell Land to the
North, 400 Miles. They faw in the Sea, at the
Dillance of 100 or 150 Miles, certain Snakes,
and the Water often green ; which are Signs of
approaching the Shore, throughout that Coall..
The third, at Day-break, the Fleet proceed¬
ed, with calm Weather, along the Shore; and.
1 But in Ramufio' s Copy the Author is made to relate the Matter, 'viz. That the fame Inftant the Balha dif-
mified the King, he caufed him to be hanged by the Neck at the Yard-arm, and four of his Favourites along
with him. This is the Fa&, but whether they are the Words of the Author or Ramufio , is a Queftion. How¬
ever that be, we^an fee no Reafon why he lliould be referved in this Cafe, and make no Scruple to give an
Account of what happened to the King of Zabid, as will be feen hereafter. b Or Arabia, as in Ramufio ’s
Copy. _ c In Ramufio' s Copy, Diu : Suppofed the fame as the Malabar Word Div, which fignihes an
Ifland ; this being fo denominated,, by Way of Excellency.
at
By the Portugueze.
Arrive
Diu.
near
1538. at nine in the Morning, there came a Bark from a
Soleyman Land, and told the Bafha, that there were feven
Baflia. ^hundred Portugueze in the Caftle of Dio , and fix
armed Galleys. The Bafha made them aPrefent
of fix Kaftans , [or Vefts] and having kept them
an Hour, difmifled them. Afterwards, a Jew,
being taken on Shore by the Sailors belonging to
one of the Turks , was brought on board, and con¬
firmed the former Report. This Day, they ran
thirty Miles, and in the Night thirty more.
The fourth, at Sun-Rife, the Fleet proceeded b
thirty Miles ; and caft Anchor within three Miles
of Dio. Before this, perceiving a Portugueze
Foift come out of the Port, the Bafha ordered a
half Galley to fail after her, which purfued all
Day, but loft her in the Night.
SECT. IV.
The Cajile hefieged by the Moors. The Turks
plunder the City, The Indian Generals with- c
draw in Refentment. The Bajha lands. A Man
three hundred Tears old. Women burn themf elves.
The Fleet removes.
KhojahZaf- F IT H E fame Day, came on board in a Galley,
***■• . one Cofa Zaffer a, a Native of Otranto ,
but turned Turk ; and was Captain of the Galley
in the former Fleet, fent by the Grand Signor
to India: Which Fleet having been defeated and
deftroyed, this Cofa Zaffer went into the Ser¬
vice of the King of Dio, called King of Kam- d
baya b, (which is the Name of the Country) who
gave him Lands, and made him Governor in
Chief of all his Kingdom. Zaffar alfo had infi-
nuated himfelf with the Portugueze , and gained
their Friendfhip : But when he underftood, that
the Turkifj Fleet was coming, he and the Vice-
Roy of the Kingdom, came with eight thoufand
c Indians , and took the City from the Portugueze ,
Btfi'gcs tie and befieged them in the Caftle. Not a Day paf-
fed without a Skirmifn. e
Along with Cofa Zaffar , came the Prime
Vizir d of the King. They were received with
Honour by the Bafha;, and informed him, that
there were five hundred Soldiers, and three hun¬
dred others, in the Caftle, which they had be¬
fieged twenty -fix Days, and would not doubt to
take it with their Indians , provided they were
furnifhed by him with Artillery and Amunition;
otherwife they fhould not be able. The Bafha
gave each of them two Vefts: But while they f
ftaid to talk with him, the Turks landed with
Caftle.
93
their Arms, and plundered the City, doing the 1538.
Indians a thoufand Injuries ; not fparingthe Vice- Soleyman
Roy’s Palace, from whence they took three fine
Horfes, Money and Furniture ; in fhort, what-
ever they could lay Hands on. They advanced cdbyThr^
alfo up to the Caftle, and fkirmifhed with the Turks.
Portugueze. The Vice- Roy being returned, and
made acquainted with the Outrages committed by
the Turks , immediately gave Orders to his Officers Indian Ge-
to be in Readinefs; and the Night following, re- nerah
tired with about fix thoufand Men, and went toe*,a'w"
the King, who was then about two Days Journey
up the Country. The fame Night, there came
a Foift from the City, with Provifions of frefh
Bread, Nuts, Flefh, boiled Rice, and otherThings,
in the King’s Name, which were difpofed on
board the Bafha’ s Galley.
The fifth, the Bafha fent the Moorijh Captain More Turks
and his Kiahya , to join thofe on Shore: All the^'7^*
Galleys fent their Boats, filled with Janizaries,
to aflift thofe of the Country, who were encamp¬
ed round the Caftle, and not above two thoufand
Men, the reft being departed with the Vice-Roy,
and Cofe Zaffar.
The feventh, the Fleet removed, and came t°Modaffer
a very good Port, called Muda Burak c, thirty abad.
Miles from Dio , where there is Water enough.
The eighth, the Bafha went on Shore, where ^ RafhJ
they had begun to play the Cannon; which, {orlaneISr
that Purpole, were mounted on four Maons *.
He fent alfo three Cannon afhore, which were
planted on a Tower, ftanding by the Water Side,
about a Cannon Shot from the great Fortrefs ; on
which Tower flood Indians to give Billets, and
receive the Cuftoms. It had thick Walls, and
was defended with four Brafs Guns, with a Com¬
mander, and one hundred Soldiers. It has nei¬
ther Ditch nor Water round it.
O n the ninth, a Ship and Galley, laden with Turkifh
Bifcuits, Powder, arrd other Ammunition, entered Ships loft,
the Port ; and ftriking on a Sand Bank, funk.
The Goods and the Galley were recovered again,
but the Ship fplit in Pieces.
The nineteenth, there arrived a half Galley
in bad Condition, which had been kept back by
the Weather, and driven to a Port belonging to
a certain People, who are Gentiles , called Samari ;
where fending a Boat, with fome Janizaries, on
Land, they were all cut in Pieces. After which, Some Ja’is—
taking the Barge, and manning fome of their zaneso-f
own Barks, they fet upon the Galley, and llcw^’
fixty Perfons more ; infomuch, thatfhe hadmuch-
a Khojah Zaffer , or rather Zaffar : The / in Cofe, feems to be vifed to exprefs ourj confonant. b In
Aldus's Copy, Cambachia', but in Ramv.feo' s Cambaia. c Ratnufio' s Copy has but eight hundred, which
feems not fo correct. d Vice-Roy, in Ramufio. e Afterwards, ’tis called Mudafar aba, which
differs but little from Modaffer abdd, as we conjecture, it ought to be written. f A fort oi durlijh
Barks.
94
453*1-
Soleynoaa
Bafha.
Voyages to the East Indies
A Man
■too Tears
old.
People of
Guzurat,
a-do to efcape. On joining the Fleet, the Bafha a
fent for the Pilot, and cauled him to be hanged
.for his ill Succefs.
The twenty-fifth, an Indian belonging to the
Cattle, who had turned Chrijiian , being taken in
a Salley, was brought before the Bafha, who or¬
dered him to be examined : But the Man refu-
ttng to anfwer any Queftions, was by the Bafha’ s
Command, cut in two.
The fame Day, an old Man prefented him-
felf before the Bafha, faying, he was upwards of b
three hundred Years old ; which was confirmed
by the People of the Country, who atterted, that
there were feveral very old Folks thereabouts a.
In this Country, the People are very lean, and
live very fparingly, and eat no Beef ; but ride
on their Oxen, which are fmall and handfome,
very tradable, and have a fort of Pace. They
make a Hole through the Moftrils of the Beaft,
and run a Cord through, which ferves for a Bri¬
dle. They load them in the fame Manner as c
Mules are loaded. Their Horns are long and
ftrait. There is great Feafting on the Birth of
of thefe Creatures, which they have great
Women burn
tbemfelvcs.
The Coco
Tree.
The Fleet
removes.
one __ __ . . _
Veneration for, efpecially the Cow ; and on this
Account, they are reckoned Idolaters.
When any of this Sort of Men happens to
die, the Wife makes a great Feaft for her Rela¬
tions ; after which they go dancing along, ac¬
cording to their Cuftom, to a Place where a great
Fire is prepared, and throw the Corpfe into the «
Flames. They carry along with them a large
Pot full of Greale, Raiding hot. Then the Wi¬
dow dances round the Fire, ttnging the Praifes of
her dead Hufband. After this, fhe gives one Re¬
lation a Ring, another a Gown, and fo on, till
The has nothing left on her, but a Cloth to hide
her Nakednefs ; and immediately after, takes a
Pot of the Raiding Greafe, and catting it into
the Fire, leaps herfelf into the Midft of it. Thofe
about the Fire, throw upon her the Pots with e
Greafe, to increafe the Flame ; fo that file is dead
in an Inftant. Thofe Women, who would be
thought virtuous, obferve this Cuftom : And
thofe who do not, are reputed wicked, bad Livers,
and difhoneft ; nor will any marry with fuch after¬
wards.
Th is Country is very rich, and produces abun¬
dance of excellent Ginger of all Sorts, and Co¬
coa Nuts ; whereof they make Vinegar, Oil,
Flour, Cordage, and Mats. The Tree refem- f
bles the Date 'Free, differing in nothing but the
Fruit and the Leaf; that of the Palm being
broader.
Th e twenty-eighth, the Fleet departed from
the Port of Mudaferaba b, where they had from
two to four Fathom Water.
The twenty-ninth, they failed fix Hours, and 1538.
caft Anchor fifteen Miles from Dio , where they Soleyman
ftaid one Night. Bafha. ^
The thirtieth, the Fleet departed with
North Wind from the Shore, and went behind
the Cattle of Dio : Where all the Galleys dis¬
charged their Artillery, and then turned off ; catt¬
ing Anchor about three Miles from thence.
SECT. V.
A Bulwark furrenders to the T urks, and the Portu-
gueze made Galley Slaves. T be Bafloa’s Cowar¬
dice. The Standard on the Fortrefs Jhot down. Ar¬
tillery of a prodigious Size. A Breach made. Toe
Turks repulfed.
THE firft of OSIober , there came a Perfo nLeJfer CafiU
from the letter Cattle, as Ambaffador to the furre>tiis,i-
Fleet, to capitulate, becaufe they could hold out
no longer ; in Regard the Turks had planted three
Pieces of Cannon under it, which carrying one
hundred and fifty Pound Balls of Iron, pierced
the Tower from Side to Side: So that the Stones
flew about, and killed twenty out of one hundred
Defendants. But before they furrendered, they
with their Mufkets, and four Pieces of Cannon,
flew abundance of Turks ; the Fire having con¬
tinued for eighteen or twenty Days. As foon as
this Perfon had delivered hisMeffage, he was pre¬
fented with a rich Veft, and had a fafe Conduct
written in ample Form, for himfelf, and others :
With which landing, he prevailed on the Cap¬
tain of the Tower, and two other Perfons, to go
to the Bafha, who gave the former a Veft alfo,
and confirmed the fafe Conduct ; with this Con¬
dition, that they Ihould not go into the great
Fortrefs. The Captain, whofe Name was Juan
Francifco Padoano c, returning to the Cattle,
which was called Gogole d, brought off his Men,
in Number eighty, whom the Bafha ordered to
“ be confined in a Houfe, without Arms, and under
a ftrong Guard.
The third, the Bafha fent for the four Slave- q^e Me/t
Gunners of the large Galleys,, and ordered them made Slaves
on Shore to batter the Fortrefs. He likewife or¬
dered the Portugueze , who had furrendered, to
be diftributed into feveral Galleys, and chained
to the Oar, Captain and all. The fame Day,
three Portugueze Galleys entered the Port of Dio,
without the leaft Oppofition : For the Bafha did
not fend one Veffel to hinder them.
The eighth, there arrived a Ship with Provi- viBualkr
fions, which was loft in theRoad. On board, wer ttoft.
fifteen Men of the large Galleys, among whom
was the Admiral himfelf, and an Officer of the
Provifion, fixty Sailors, and the reft Galley
Slaves.
* See before, p. 83. d. b Modaffcr abaci. c It ihould be Pacheco. See p. 103. but in Ramufo's
Copy, the Name is omitted ; it being only faid, that he was a Portuguese. “ In Rcmufo's Copy, Golgo ’e.
rr,.
»53?-
Soleyman
Balha.
Galley funk.
By the Portugueze,
The thirteenth, the Fleet removed from the
Weft, to the Eaft Side of Dio, two Miles from
it; where the Guns, (hot from the Fortrefs, funk
one Galley, and broke the Main-Yard of ano¬
ther.
The Baths’* The fifteenth, the Bafha went from the Maori
Qrwardice, into the half Galley, and ordered them to put all
the Chrijiians in Irons ; and to take a white Sail
from another Galley, his own being diftinguifhed
with Colours: And this he did, becaufe he ex¬
pected the Portugueze Fleet every Hour, [and did
not care that it ftiould be known what Ship he
was in.] Being alfo doubtful of the Artillery, he
caufed a great Ring of Cables, and other hollow
Things, to be made at the Poop, fufficient to
keep off Cannon-Shot ; for he was fearful and
cowardly.
The feventeenth, being the Eve of St. Luke,
the Bafha caufed the Head of one, belonging to
the Venetian Galleys, to be cut off, for only fay¬
ing, My Lordjhip [of Venice ] is not dead.
ToeStandard The twenty-fecond, the Bafha gave Orders,
and being built on a Rock, they have made no
Cafemates, only erecting Embrafures at Top,
which were all ruined and taken. But herein
95
j538.
Soleyman
Bafha.
(bet down.
to acquaint all the Gunners that were on Shore,
about four hundred in Number, (becaufe every
Day one or other of them was flain) that who¬
ever had Skill enough to ftrike down the great
Standard of the Fortrefs, which flood in the Midft
of a great Tower, fhould, befides being made
free, have a thoufand Meidens , and a Veft for his
Reward : And the rather, for that his Standard
had been given by a Sanjak to the Portugueze
Whereupon one of the faid Chrijiians, having at Turkifh Ship taken. The Cajile attacked by the
their Safety lay, that every Day fifteen or twenty
of them /allied out, like fo many furious Lions,
and flew all they met with-; which ftruck fuch a
Terror among the Turks, that they fled in Con-
fufion, as foon as they faw them iffue forth.
The twenty-fifth, the Turks caufed a great ne Turks
Number of Cotton Sacks, covered with Skins, reydfed.
and bound with Ropes, to be prepared ; and in
the Night, had them thrown into the Ditch ; fo
that they reached as high as the Wall. Which
being obferved by thofe within, early in the Morn¬
ing, before the Turks put themfelves in Order to
make the Attack, and mount the Wall, three-
fcore fallied out, whereof forty rufhed in among
the Enemy, fighting gallantly, while the other
twenty remained in the Ditch ; each of whom
having a little leather Bag full of Powder, with
a lighted Match in his Hand, cut the Bales, and
putting in a Handful of Powder, then fet Fire to
it : So that in a fhort Time, feveral of the Sacks
were confumed, and the Burning continued two
Days. Thofe who fallied out upon the Enemy,
maintained the Fight above three Hours ; killing
one hundred and ninety Turks , and wounding as
many more, with the Lofs of only two Men,,
SECT. VI.
Prodigious
Gannon,
k Breach
vude.
the third Shot broke the Standard, the Turks
made great Rejoicings, and publifhed the News
throughout the Fleet : The Gunner was reward¬
ed with a Silk Veft.
The Artillery, which they had planted under
the Caftle, were all in one Line, but in fix diffe¬
rent Places. In the firft was a Culverin of Iron,
that carried a hundred and fifty Pounder, and
a Paderero, of two hundred Pound. At a finall
Diftance, was an Iron Pafle Volant, of fixteen
Pound, which difeharged Cartridge Shot. In an¬
other Place, was a Paderero of three hundred
Pound ; and a Culverin, a hundred and fifty
Pounder. In the fecond Port, was another Pafle
Volant, to match the firft, both belonging to the
large Galleys. In another Place, there was an
Iron Saker, of twelve Pounds ; a little Cannon
of fixteen Pound ; a Falcon of fix Pound ; and a
Mortar, carrying a four hundred Pounder. In
another Poft, was a Culverin of one hundred
Pound ; infomuch, that they had battered down
one Tower ; fo that they could eafily mount the
Breach to fight, becaufe the Tower was not very
high, nor the Foffe quite dug: But as faft as the
Turks ruined it, the Befieged filled it with Earth
and Rubbifh, as well as rhev could. It muft alfo
be obferved, that this f ortrefs has no Flanks ;
Boats, which are repulfed. The whole Army at¬
tacks the Breach , and are beaten off. They raife
the Siege , and imbark. The Portugueze Fleet
appears, and that of the Turks Jheers off. En¬
ters the Gulf of Ormuz, comes to Kuria Muria,
on the Coaf of Arabia.
THE twenty-feventh, there arrived five Por- Turkifh
tugueze Foifts, which took a Turkijh one, ShiP taken-
and landed Succours : But could not enter the
Port, becaufe fome of the Cannon above-men¬
tioned commanded the Side of it, but over-fhot
the Wall,
The twenty-ninth, the Bafha ordered o\xt A gcnerai
forty Boats, filled with Turks, and a few Pieces Attack.
of Cannon in each : In order to affault a little
Caftle or Fort, which is in the Port by the Water
Side, behind the City ; and was quite demolifhed
by the Turkifh Artillery. There were not above
five or fix Men in it ; who, in a Bark, went daily
to the great Caftle, which is lefs than a Falcoh-
Shot diftant. As foon as the Boats began to fet
forwards, thofe within the Fort laydown, to pre¬
vent being feen by the Turks ; who, coming to
the Place, ran their Prows on the Land, where
every Thing lay in Ruins to the very Edge of the
Water, and leaped onShore: But thofe within
met them with two Fire- Horns ; and the Cannon
of
96
1 53S.
Soleyman
Dafha .
*Ihc Turks
defeated.
A {fault the
Breach':
V oyages //j? East Indies
of the great Gallic played fo furioufly that the a Th « = twelfth, to Wj^tadg North-. ^ ^538.
Enemy quickly fled ; and then failed Weft South-Weft, advancing all that,
Day and Night, but thirty Miles.
And are
■beaten of
The Turks
iir.bark.
funk. Many were drowned, and made Prisoners
by thofe in the great Caftle ; who came out in one
of their Barks, and killed them in the Water: And
thofe who were taken, were next Day hanged on
the Battlements of the Caftle.
The thirtieth, the whole Camp, putting them-
felves in Order of Battle, advanced up to the bor-
trefs, on the Side towards the Port, with a great
many Scaling-Ladders, in order to make a gene¬
ral Aflault : And on the Side towards Land,
mounted the Breach, (which they could do at
Pleafure, becaufe the Place was open) where they
flood for three Hours : But when the Befteged faw
that the Turks had not Courage to enter, they
leaped upon the Breach, and pufhed them into
the Ditch, killing four hundred that Day.
The thirty-firfl, the Mcorijh Captain went with
eleven Galleys to attack the little Caftle ; but was
not able to approach it for the Artillery of the
great one, [which funk the Veflels].
The fecond of November y the Sanjak and fet-
nizaries , with all the reft of the Turks , came on
board the Galleys, leaving behind them on Land,
all the Artillery, which they had not Time to
carry off : This was occafioned by the News they
The Turks
peter tff.
ly anu - - , ,TT n ~ , Enter the
The thirteenth, they proceeded Weft feventy Gulf of
Miles by Day, and ninety in the Night. Ormuz.
The fourteenth, one hundred Miles by Day,
and the fame by Night. . t
The fifteenth, eighty by Day, and eighty by
^The fix tee nth, eighty Miles in the Day , and
feventy by Night. _ , . , . ,
Th e feventeenth, ninety by Day, and eighty
^The eighteenth, a hundred Milesby Day, and
feventy by Night. . ,
The nineteenth, feventy by Day, and eighty
by Ni^ht. Their Courfe all this Time Weft.
The twentieth, they failed Weft by South CW,
ninety Miles, and faw Land to the Windward
In the Night, they proceeded a hundred Miles.
The twenty-firft, they failed Weft by South
eighty Miles by Day, and fifty by Night.
The twenty-fecond, they fleered the fame
Courfe ten Miles in the Day, and twenty by
Night. ,
fell a Calm; and <rbeCoap»f
Porrugneze
Fleet ap¬
pears.
rarrv oft • i his was occauonea Dy tne i\ews uicy The twenty-third, there fell 3
received, 'that the Portugueze Fleit was advancing they failed along the Coaft , of Arabia thirty MilesAraba.
jp Order of Battle. by Day, and twenty by Night . .
The fifth, twenty Sail of Portuguese Ships ap- The twenty-fourth, the Calm continuing,
neared in Si"ht, and call Anchor twenty Miles d with contrary Currents along the Arabian Coaft,
diftant from 'the Turkijh Fleet. They continued they arrived at a Town > they
thus all Night , and in the Morning only three X
Ships were feen at a Diftance; at which Time,
the Turks put off from Land : But at Sun-rife,
there appeared many Ships, which fhot off a great
Number of Guns, although nothing could be dif-
cerned but the Flafh of the Powder. Whereupon
the Bafha gave Orders, for each Galley to {hoot
off three Guns. After this, the Trumpets being
founded, they fell to their Oars, and hoift their e
Forefails. This was done at one o’ Clock at
Night ; and at four they departed, fhaping their
Courfe South South-W eft, with fcarce any Wind ;
and, at Day-Break, had run thirty Miles.
The feventh, they failed forty Miles Weft
South-Weft, the Weather being ca m.
The eighth, they proceeded thirty Miles Weft
in the Day, and twenty in the Night.
The ninth, they advanced twenty MilesWeft :
I . 1* _ il. ^ ^ /7 a /- L> o H fhoir I rnno
took in Water, and flayed one Day.
The twenty-fixth, the Fleet departed, and
failed along the Coaft thirty Miles in the Day,
and thirty in the Night.
SECT. VII.
Portugueze Fafiory at Afer ; feized by the King of
that Part , and delivered to the Bajha. He ar¬
rives at Aden, and puts to Death a Renegado of
Note , who deferved it for another Crime. Re¬
enters the Streights , and comes to Mokha. Sends
for the King ofZzhxA, who refufes to go to him ,
but fends a rich Prefent. The If and Khama-
ran. Kubit Sharif.
T
H E twenty- feventh, the fecond Hour in the Afer) cpor
■.T. . . .1 _ n \ _ _ 1 _ r. _ _
Night, they call Anchor in
And th:s Day the Chriftians had their Irons taken f Water, at a Town, called \ Afer\
_ J J _ D1 - uiEom kntk Mpn 'll
fix Fathom tugueze
defert and Eabiory.
off. T r ,
The tenth, they made no Way, the Weather
proving; calm the whole Day and Night.
The eleventh, the Wind blowing Weft South-
Weft, they flood North- Weft, advancing thirty
Miles in the twenty-four Hours.
are
barren Place, where both Men and Cattle,
forced to live on Fifh. Thefe Men, were forty
Portugueze , with their Conful ; who refiding
here, carried on Trade, and had always with him
fome Merchants, befides thofe which continually
arrived, and exported Spice and other Things:
In Rama fio's Copy, inftead of Khamaran , we find the Iflands of Curia Muria ; which, to be fure, is the true
Reading. The Arabs cull them Kbartan and Mart an . - R t
1538.
Sotcym n
Balha.
Betrayed to
the Bajbd.
Mikaiya.
Arri ve at
Aden.
Story of a
Be ticgado.
But their chief Trade was in Horfes, which here
are excellent, one being valued at a hundred Du¬
cats, and more; and, in India , will fell for a
thoufand. But as foon as the King of this Coun¬
try underftood, that Soleyman Bafha was coming
with his Fleet, he caufed the Portuguese to be
feized in their Houfe, and made a Prefent of them
to the Bafha, who ordered them all to be chain¬
ed. Here alfo they found a Ship, which had ftaid
by the Way, not being able to proceed for India-,
and of a fudden, feized all the Bifcuit for the Ufe
of the Fleet, which remained here three Days.
JTis worth taking Notice, that in all the Places
where the Fleet arrived, the Turks gave out, that
they had taken the whole Country of India , and
cut all the Cbrijiians in Pieces.
The firft of December , the Fleet departed,
holding its Courfe Weft South-Weft; and failing
forty Miles, caft Anchor near the Coaft of Arabia ,
three Hours before Dark, at a Place called Mi¬
kaiya, and took in Water.
The fecond, they left Makaiya, and failed
Weft South-Weft thirty Miles in the Day, and
ten by Night.
The third, holding on the fame Courfe, they
ran along the Coaft of Arabia forty Miles by Day,
and fifty in the Night.
The fourth, feventy by Day, and thirty by
Night.
The fifth, proceeding ftill Weft South-Weft
By the Portugueze.
Life. After
97
*53?*
Soleyman
Bafh .
this, the Bafha, being defirou9 to
fecure Adern, caufed a hundred Pieces of Cannon
great and final), to be landed out of the Fleet ;
among which there were two Pafte Volants of the
great Venetian Galleys of Alexandria. He left
there alfo a Quantity of Powder and Ball, with
a Sanjak , five hundred Turks , and five Foifts.
The Bafha now judging himfelf out of Danger,
on the fourteenth, quitted the half Galley, and
returned to the Maon.
The nineteenth, the Fleet removed towards
the Land, to take in Water; and continued there
three Days.
The twenty-third, they failed from Adem with
a good Wind, Weft by South ; and between the
Evening and Morning, ran one hundred Miles.
The twenty-fourth, at the fifth Hour of th t Enter the
Day, the Fleet entered the Streights of the Red- knights.
Sea , and all Night lay at Anchor.
The twenty-fifth, being Chrijlmas, three Flours
before Day, they departed, failing North- Weft,
with a fcanty Wind : Nevertheless, they ran fift y Arrive at
Miles, and came to a Caftle, called Mecha b. Moklia.
The fame Day, there came an old Turk , Go¬
vernor of the Caftle, to wait on Soleyman, who
received him with great Honour, and gave him
a Veft. The Governor, in Return, continually
fent the Bafha Refrefhments from Shore ; and a
few Days after, brought on board all his Riches,
which were very great ; befides many fine Slaves
fixty Miles, at nine o’ Clock in the Night, caft d of both Sexes, thinking every body would follow
Anchor behind the Town of Adem, refting there
till Sun-Rife.
The fixth, the Bafha being in Adem with his
whole Fleet, he fent in the Morning for a Rene-
gado Turk, [who was then a Chrijlian, a Man of
confiderable Account] and, without faying any
thing, caufed his Head to be cut off. The Rea-
fon was, they all murmured ; and the Bafha fear¬
ing this Renegado would accufe him of Negleft
or Cowardice, was refolved to be before-hand with
him : Becaufe he, formerly, was in the Pay of the
King of this Place, and afterwards a Captain at
Dio, when the King thereof was flain by the Por¬
tuguese a. The Widow Queen, being poflefted
of a great Treafure, and defirous to retire to
Mekka, was perfuaded by this Man to go on board
a Galleon, with which he treacheroully failed to
Egypt ; and thence, carried the Treafure to Con-
Jlantincple, and made a Prefent of it to the Grand
Signor : Who, being informed by him, how Mat¬
ters palled in India , made him Patron of a Gal¬
ley ; and ordered him to return thither with the
Fleet ; which, fucceeding badly, coft him his
him.
As foon as the Fleet arrived at Mecha, the Ba -Sends for the
fha fent an Ambaflador c to the City of ’Libit, ^
three Days Journey within Land, to fummon the
King d forthwith to the Sea Side, to pay Obedi¬
ence to the Grand Signor. The King made An-
fwer, that as for the Tribute, he would readily
pay it ; and would willingly accept of a Standard c,
if the Bafha would fend him one: But that hemorfufes
would not go to the Sea Side ; and did not know'®
him. The Bafha, being enraged at this Anfwer,
next Day fent his Kiahya with a Banner, ac¬
companied by fome flout Janisaries-, who arriving
at Libit, prefented the fame to the King. The
King, in Return, made him a very fine Prefent; But fend*
among which, was a fair Scimeter, with feveral a neb
Jewels: Likewife a Dagger, and fome beautiful
Pearls, of fix Carats each, which made a String
of more than a Foot in Length ; befides a fine
Pearl of eighteen Carats : For much oriental Pearl
is taken on this Part of the Coaft of Arabia. He
farther gave to each of the Turks , two Vefts of
Cloth, and a little black Slave. The Kiahya
a This was Badur. See before, p. 83. a. b It fhould be Mocha, or rather Mokha : Ramufio's Copy has Mecca,
to diif inguifh it from Mekka, which he writes Mecha. c Probably a Chaufh, or State Melfenger. d Majji
calls him Nokoda Hatned, and fays, he was a Turk. e That is theEnfign of a Sanjak ; which Word fignifies a
Standard.
VO L. I.
N® V.
O
made
98
1 539*
Soleyman
Bafha.
Leave
Mokka.
Voyages to the East Indies
made him many Compliments, and conjured him a belled againft the King. Him, the Bafha made 1539*“
to come down to the Coaft : But the King would
by no Means confent, fearing he fhould be put
to Death. When the Kiahya faw, that he could
not prevail on him to go, he faid, If you will not
goto the Bafha , be will come to you ; and lo took
"Leave. The Fleet flayed here twenty-nine Days.
The twenty- third of January, (15 39) tl^y de¬
parted from Mecha at Sun-rife, with a brifkGale,
and failed Weft by North, till Noon ; then^the
Wind changing, they proceeded North-Weft,
having run, in all, one hundred Miles.
The twenty-fourth, they advanced North-
Weft, with their fmall Sails, and a fair Wind,
thirty Miles in the Day ; and by the fixth
Soleym'n
Bartri.
Ifland of
K.h,3imran,
Kubit Sha¬
rif.
'The Baiha
lands.
free, and continued his Journey.
The twentieth, he arrived at Zibit ; and en¬
camping without the City, fent for the Lord v , ,
thereof: Who, teeing hirmelr betrayed by many fore Zibd.
of his own People, and diftrufting the reft, came
forth with a Cord about his Neck, as the Grand
Signor’s Slave, and prefented himfelf before the
Bafha; who immediately caufed his Head to be^j^
ftruck off. His People feeing this, fled to the beheaded ,
Mountains, to the Number of three hundred :
And among the reft, three of the principal Men,
with all their Riches, which were very great*
not knowing where to go. Upon this, the Bafha
fent to tell thofe who made their Efcape, that they
Hour of the Night, caft Anchor at (the Ifland of) ought to return and join him ; promifing them
Khamaran , twenty Miles farther.
The twenty-ninth, the Bafha landed, and
gave Pay to all the Janizaries who were willing
to fight ; but not any Thing to the Galley Slaves
and Seamen. c
The fecond of February, the Weather being
calm, they left Khamaran , by Help of their Oars ;
and about fix o’ Clock, came to a Place on the
Coaft, called Kubit Sarif % twenty Miles from
Khamaran.
SECT. VIII.
The Bajha lands , and marches to the City of Zeh id.
The King appears before him with a Cord about ^
his Neck. He orders the King's Head to be cut
cjf. lnfnares two hundred Abiflins by fair Pro-
viifes , and has them cut in Pieces. Zibid, a
delightful Place. Puts one hundred and forty fix
good Pay, and to inrol them among his own
Troops : Hereupon, there returned two hundred
black Abijftns , who had been Soldiers to the King.
These were valiant defperate Fellows, who-200Abiffins
did not value Life, and ran almoft as fwift as a enticed,
Horfe. They went quite naked, only wrapping
their Pudenda in a Clout. For Arms, fome car¬
ried Clubs of the CornilTree, headed with Iron ;
others pointed Stakes, to throw in the Manner of
Darts ; and fome a fhort Sword, a Span fhorter
than thofe ufed by the Chrijlians : Befides, every
one had at his Girdle, a Dagger, bent after the
Moorijh Fafhion. The Bafha afked every one his Bythetiz*
Name ; and caufed him to write it, and fet downfha’j Pro -
more Pay than he had before. He difmiffed thenr*te^,»
thus, one by one, with Orders to return next
Morning, but without Arms ; giving them to un-
derftand, that he intended to give them their Pay,
Defer: ere
from Zebid,
o y _ , . .. r - j-f and admit them to kifs his Hand, in which Cafe*
Portugueze to DeaW fo> his eafwe, an tone they had no Occafion to carry Arms. The Abif- rh-c cut to
Indians for their Riches. Zerzer, iu 1, u- having prefented themfelves at the Time ap- Pieces'
gora, Darboni, Jafof, Korodan, ba ta, ria- pointed, were ordered to lay down their Weapons,
and go where the Bafha was fitting near a Tent
THE third, at Sun-Rife, a Turk ot thofe in in the Plain, with the Turks , in a Circle about
Pay of the King of Zibit b, having revolt- e him, under Arms : But as foon as they were all
entered within the Ring, upon a Sign given, they
were in one Inftant cut in Pieces.
After this, the Bafha fent a Sanjak , with azeb?d<fc-
H E third, at Sun-Rife, a Turk of thofe in
Pay of the King of Zibit b, having revolt¬
ed, with fifty Horfe, came to the Bafha ; who re¬
ceived him kindly, and made him Prefents. This
Man encamped on the Shore with his Tents. Ob-
ferve, that in this Country, they all make Ufeof thoufand Soldiers, to fecure Z tbit. Both the City finked,
Horfes cloathed in Armour, on Account of the
Darts and Arrows, which are their principal
W eapons.
The fourth, the Bafha landed; and caufed
fome Pieces of light Cannon to be put on Carri¬
ages ; and his Men, Provifion, and Amunition,
to be gotten ready, in order to march towards
ZibU.
The nineteenth, he fet out on Horfeback,
three Flours before Day ; and on the Road, met
another Turk with fifty Horfe, who had alfo re-
and Country about it, are very fine, abounding
with running Water, and delightful Gardens,
and many Things befides, not to be found in any
other Part of Arabia ; efpecially Zibibsof Damas¬
cus, without a Stone, and other excellent Fruit,
as Dates. Flefh-meat is plenty, and Corn not
lcarce.
The eighth of March, 1539, the Bafha re¬
turned to the Sea Side, and ordered Ammunition
to be fent to Zibit j leaving alfo four Foifts to
guard the Coaft.
is
3 In Aldus's Copy in this Place, ’tis Khebiccairf ; but afterwards Kubit Sarif (perhaps, Kobbat Sharif that
the noble Dome) as Ramufio has it. b The true Name is Zabid, Zebid, or Ztbeyd '.
The
J539-
Soleyman
Bafia.
LA^
Puts all the
Portuguese
is Death.
K or.
Zeizer.
More Exe¬
cutions
Adiudi.
Mugora.
Darboni.
Yafuf.
iBy the Portuguese,
The tenth, the Bafha landed, and ordered the a
Portuguese , who were a hundred and forty-fix in
all, reckoning fome Indian Converts, to be taken
out of Irons, and brought bound on Shore: Where
being diftributed among the Troops, their Heads,
by his Command, were ftruck off; and thofe of
the Chief, Head, faired, and filled with Straw :
Off others, they cut the Nofes and Ears, to be fent
to the Grand Signor.
The thirteenth, the Kiahya departed, in Com¬
pany with another Galley, to Z adem 3, thence to b
Mekha , and fo on towards Conjiantinople , with an
Account of the Voyage to India ; carrying with
him, befides the Prefents, the Heads, Nofes, and
Ears, that the Grand Signor might fee they had
bone great Feats.
The fourteenth, they removed, and pitched
in the open Field.
The fifteenth, they left Kulit Sarif; and at
Sun-fet, call: Anchor at a Place called Kor\ dif-
tant from Land five Miles, and from Kubit Sarif, c
a hundred
The fixteenth, they departed an Hour before
Day, with a pleafant Wind ; and failing along
the Coaft, at Sun-fet, came to Anchor at Zerzer,
a Place fubjedt to Mekha , in eight Fathom Wa¬
ter, and feventy Miles from Kor. Hither were
brought the three Perfons who fled from Zibit
with their Riches. The Bafha caufed their Heads
to be cut off; and feized the whole Treafu re,
which filled three Pair of Wallets, each of which d
was a Load for any one Man.
The feventeenth, they failed along the Coaft
with a pleafant Gale, which an Hour before Sun-
rife, proving contrary, they caft Anchor in a
Place called Adiudi , in eight Fathom Water, hav¬
ing ran fifty Miles.
The eighteenth, two Hours before Day, they
departed, coafting the Shore till Noon, and then
caft Anchor in four Fathom, at Mugora , a good
Port, fifty Miles diftant, where there is both e
Water and Wood.
The nineteenth, an Hour before Day, they
departed with their Oars ; and at Sun-rife, the
Wind changing, they failed along Shore fifty
Miles, to a Place called Darboni , fubject to Me¬
kha ^ in feven Fathom Water.
The twentieth, being calm, they coafted it
till Noon, when a Gale fpringing up, at Sun-fet
they came to Anchor in ten Fathom Water, at a
Place called Yafuf b, belonging to Mekha, fifty f
Miles farther.
The twenty-firft, they went on along the
Bafha,
Kliofodan.
Salta.
99
Coaft. At Noon, the Wind fprung up ; and at
Sun- rife, having made fixty Miles, they anchored SoleymSn
at Khofodan , a Place dependent on Mekha , in forty
Fathom.
The twenty-fecond, the Bafha ordered fix
Galleys fhould go foremoft, on Account of the
Sand Banks ; which are fo thick, that there is
fcarce any failing in the Day-time. They came
to a Shelf called Turakh.
The twenty-third, they coafted it among the
Shoals, through which only a fingle Galley could
pafs at a 7'ime ; and caft Anchor at, a Place called
Salta , in four Fathom ; having ran fifty Miles.
The twenty- fourth, failing thirty Miles ftili
along the Coaft, at Noon they anchored in a
Place called Ariadan, but the Port Mazabraiti ;Al;adan-
a Place inhabited by Peafants, lubjedl to Mekha ,
in fix Fathom Water.
The twenty-fifth, they failed alongShore;
but at Sun-rife, the Wind chopping about in their
Teeth, drove them to Sea till Noon, and after¬
wards towards Land ; fo that they caft Anchor
betimes, and refted till the twenty-feventh.
sec r. ix.
Other Places in Arabia where the Fleet cajl Anchor ;
Yufuma, Mukare, Balir, Mukhi, Jiddah, {the
Port of Mekka) Kontra Abehin, Almomuf-
khi, Rabon, Farfi, Sathan, Zorma, Yambo,
{the Port fl/'Medmah) the Ports of Sikhabo, and
Khifafe.
TH E twenty-feventh, two Hours before
Day, they fet forward in very pleafant
Weather; and at eight o’ Clock, having failed
thirty Miles, caft Anchor in four Fathom, at a Yufuma.
Pkce called Yufuma.
The twenty-eighth, they coafted the Shore
with a fair Wind till Noon, and then entered
among certain Banks, two Miles from Land.
Here they could not caft their Anchors, for fear
of lofing them. The Place is called Mukare, Mukarg.
thirty Miles diftant.
The twenty-ninth, coafting along, they ar¬
rived among fome other Shoals, called Balir ,
thirty-five Miles.
The thirtieth, coafting the Shore till Even¬
ing, with a fair Wind, they anchored in twelve
Fathom Water, at a Place called Mukhi, forty- Mukhi,
five Miles farther.
The thirty-firft, two Hours before Day, they
departed in a Calm ; and at Sun-rife, the Wind
blowing, in the Evening came to Ziden, or Zi- Jiddah,
dem c.
Ba4ir.
In Ranttt/io s Copy tis Zidem ; it fhould be Jiddah , Joddab, or Juddah, as ’tis differently pronounced. Yet
harthema, forfait, Barbofa, and other Travellers of thofe Times, call it either Zidem , or Ziden doubtlefs
^ i. 0rrrTh0n) f fembo, or al Yambo, the Port of Mukka, is named Elioban (which tranfpofing the Letters,
!^a,\CS, daf f) by Barbofa. b Rather perhaps, Yafuf. c Ramufo\ Copy has only Ziden-, this is
Jiddah, as obferved in the Note above, and the Port of Mekka . "
. O 2
The
200
*539-
Soleyman
Baiba.
■ — —
‘Tb: Bajba' S
Pilgrimage.
Voyages to the East Indies
Kontra
Abehin.
Almomuf-
khi.
The firft of April, the Bafha landed, and a
pitching his Tents without the Town, refted
there four Days.
The feventh, the Bafha rode towards Mekha ,
on Pilgrimage, and ordered the Fleet to proceed
towards Sues.
The eighth, the Fleet was driven two Miles
from Shore, by a contrary Wind, and caft An¬
chor among the Shoals.
The eleventh, they advanced with a fair Gale,
and at the twentieth Hour made towards Land, b
and came into the Port Contra Abehin a, where
a Galley funk, in driving to double the Point.
In this Place a Carpenter, called Mark , belong¬
ing to the [Venetian] Galleys of Alexandria , Paid
and turned Mohammedan . The Fleet continued
here two Days.
Th e fourteenth, they coafled with a fair Wind,
and caft Anchor in twelve Fathom, at a Place
called Almomuskhi , feventy Miles farther.
• The fifteenth, fetting Sail two Hours before c
Day, the Moorijh. Captain’s Galley ran aground
on a Bank, but was relieved by the Boats belong¬
ing to the other Galleys ; which being made faft
to it, towed it off, without receiving any Da¬
mage.
Coasting the Shore, they came to a Place
Raban. called Raban b, and caft Anchor in thirteen Fa¬
thom, after failing thirty Miles. From the fif¬
teenth to the twentieth, they left the Place every
Day, and returned to it again. c
The twenty-firft, with a Wind from Land,
they at length departed : But at the fixth Hour
of the Day, they were driven towards the Coaft
again, with a contrary Wind ; and obliged to put
in among certain Banks, where they remained all
Night.
The twenty-fecond, they went on coafting
with a Land Breeze ; but the Wind coming con¬
trary, they caft Anchor at a Place called Farfi,
having failed fixteen Miles. <
The twenty-third, they coafted till Noon;
but the Wind turning full againft them, they
came to a Place called Sathan , having failed
twenty-five Miles.
The twenty-fourth, they continued coafting
till Noon ; but the Wind being contrary, they
were driven towards Land, and came to Zorma,
thirty Miles.
The twenty-fifth, they rowed along the Shore
Farfi.
Sathan.
Zorma.
againft the Wind ; and at Even, came to a Town 1 559'
called Jombu c.
J O'MBU affords Provifion, Fifh, and Dates.
Their Water is kept in Cifterns, and is brought^ w
on Camels, from a Place a Day’s Journey diftant. Yambo.
Also a Day’s Journey within Land, ftands a
large Town, called Mcdinat al Nabi , where isMedinah,
Mohammed’s Sepulchre, although it is commonly
faid to be at Mekha d. Here we ftaid fix Days.
The firft of May , they fet Sail at four o
Clock. After they had gone ten Miles, the Wind
turning contrary/ they caft Anchor among fiome
Shoals, and ftayed there two Days.
From the third to the fourth, the Fleet kept tra-
verfing off and on the Coaft, among certain Sand
Banks, with a contrary Wind ; and fo continued fix
Davs, without advancing more than eight Miles.
The tenth and eleventh, they kept coafting
with a contrary Wind, ten Miles, and caft An¬
chor in another Place.
The thirteenth, they proceeded along the
Shore, and came up with a Galleon, which had
left Zibit before the reft : The Pilot’s Name was
Mi kali ; and on board, were fome belonging to
the [Venetian] Galleys of Alexandria.
The fourteenth, they failed along the Coaft sikkabev
North-Weft, ten Miles e, and caft Anchor in
feven Fathom Water, in a Place named Sikhabo.
The fifteenth, failing North-Weft feventy
Miles, they caft Anchor in the open Sea.
I The fifteenth, proceeding along the Coaft Buduktor,.
thirty Miles, they caft Anchor at Buduktor f.
The feventeenth, failing along the Coaft thirty ^namani
Miles, they caft Anchor in the open Sea, in twen- ‘ an '
ty Fathom, near an Iftand called Yenamani.
The eighteenth, they went on by the Shore KMafe.
twenty Miles, and caft Anchor at Khfafe.
The nineteenth, they failed by the Shore fifty
Miles, and came to Molin.
The twentieth, they caft Anchor at Sea,
e twenty-five Miles farther.
The twenty-firft, proceeding along the Shore
forty -eight Miles §, they dropped Anchor at
Sea.
The twenty-fecond, they failed and caft An¬
chor in the fame Manner, after advancing ten
Miles.
The twenty-fourth, being in a bad Station,
they departed with a pretty good Wind ; the half
Galley having left behind one Anchor, and three
4 In Ramujio' s Copy, Contror Abehin. fc In Ramujio' s Copy, Robon. c Jambut in Ramujio's
Copy; this is Yembu, or Yambo ; the Italians ufing J confonant, inftead of Y. ’Tis the Port of Medinat al
Nabi, that is, the City of the Prophet, meaning Mohammed. d Notwithftanding this Error was fo long fince
corre&ed, as well as often fince, yet many late Travellers continue it ; among the reft, the Jefuit Nacchi, in his
Account of the Million of Syria , in the 4th Tome of, I he Memoires des Mifjions. See Journey fro?n Aleppo to
Damafcus, p. 70. e fin Ramujio' s Copy, fixty Miles. f In Ramujio' % Copy, Buluktor. 8 Forty
Miles in Ramujio' s Copy.
Cables ;
By the Portuguezl
iox
J5S9-
Soleyman
Bdlh.l.
Cables ; and one Galley ran a-ground, but was a Suez , which were, in a manner, difarmed ; as 15 39-
. /-t * /• <» t ^ ff't .1 . _ n a «»nii t- on r<^n thp I nf n n v. til 6 Scleymar
P'lfs by al
TOr.
not loft. After failing ten Miles they caft An¬
chor in eight Fathom Water, and here ftayed
one Day, becaufe there was good Riding for the
Ships.
The twenty-fixth , proceeding thirty-five
Miles along the Coaft, they caft Anchor in a
Road.
SECT. X.
The Fleet pajfes by al Tur. Comes to Korondol,
IVhere are the Baths of Mofes. Arrive at Suez,
and are hauled on Shore. The Red-Sea defcribed.
The Venetians return to Kahera. Place where the
Dead rife. The E if eft of Delufion.
THE twenty-fevenrh, failing Weft North-
Weft, at Noon they were up with Tor $
and continuing their Courfe two Hours after
Night, the Wind turned againft them : Where
Korondol.
Baths of
Mofes.
Arrive at
Suez.
V MO AO ^ T» »*♦ V*» ' ■ - ^ • ly V/ ✓
well bv reafon of the Death of many, as the SoleymSn
, 1 r 1 Bafha.
Flight of others. > t . _ 1
At Tor all were payed off, and the Chrijlians
diftributed among the Galleys.
The twentieth of Oftober the Remainder o f The Ships
the Fleet arrived at Suez , and were all drawn on^fj^ on
Shore by the Hands of the Chrijlians ; who
wrought hard both Day and Night.
The twenty-fixth an End was made of haul-
b ing the Galleys on Land ; and the Cables, Rig¬
ging, Tackle, Irons, Planks, fmall Cannon,
and other Materials were carried into the Caftle.
From the Mouth of the Red- Sea to iS’«^z,Red-Ssa
are 1800 Miles; the Coaft running North-^'^
Weft all the Way. The Breadth of this Gulph
is 200 Miles, and in fome Places more. 1 is
full of Banks, Shoals and Shelves towards Land,
fo that there is no failing by Night, except in the
Middle. The Place is fo intricately difpofed,
fore they lay by till Day-break, when the Moor- c that a Perfon cannot poflibly difcover the proper
. _ _ J . L * .. ,J , , 1 /s 11 x-., 1 ^1 _ :/k 4-Uftrt k^T k • nr r irccfr
ijh Captain fet fail again; and the other Galleys
weighing Anchor, hoift their Fore-fails : After
running 100 Miles, they came into fhoal Water,
where they ftayed five Days, in fix Fathom.
The third of June the Fleet left the Bank;
and, holding on their Courfe, caft Anchor fome-
times on the Coaft of the Abiffns [or rather of
Egypt] fometimes on the other Side, and the
fifteenth they arrived at Korondol , where Pharaoh
Channels, otherwife than by the Eye ; or direct
the Courfe to be taken, but by ftanding at the
Prow, and crying Starboard, Larboard b ; and
for this Reafon the Return cannot be defcribed
fo well as the fetting out. There are two Sorts
of Pilots for this Sea ; the firft thofe acquainted
with the Middle of the Gulph, which is the
Courfe of Navigation outward : The other Sort
are for Ships returning from the Ocean, and fail
The Men
pud off,
nrteeiun uiey arrivcu di vnuvt, win. u. j. uu an- * » . ,1 «
and his Hoft were drowned. At this Place the d. within the Shoals; thefe are commonly cal e
Rubati c, and are excellent Swimmers: So that
in many Places where they cannot caft Anchor,
by .reafon of the bad Ground, they will fwim
under Water, and fix the Galleys within the
Shoals ; and oftentimes even fallen the Prows
under Water, according to the Nature of the
Place
ore The twenty-eighth of November , 1539, thevenetians
The fecond of July they began to haul their e Chrijlians of the Galleys of Alexandria left
chief Galley on Land, next the Bafha’s half and the firft of December arriving at Kano, were
- - - - lodged in the fame Houfe where they were at
firft. Each was allowed half a Maidin a Day,
which is equivalent to two Pence of J enice , fo
that they fuffered great Affliaion and Fatigue :
For every Time it happened that tne Cifterns
were to be cleanfed. Hills made plain, Gardens
put in Order, Buildings raifed, or the like, all
s as wen as lurtts, 100 lviaiums eacn. the Labour fell upon the Chi ijlians.
The nineteenth of Augujl the Lemin, accom- f The twenty-fifth of Marc , 1540, many o ^
panied with feven Boats, went to Tor to pay off thofe Chrijlians went from Kano, wi j* rife.
the Gallevs, which ftayed behind : He took with of Turks , to a Hill or Mount two Miles from
him the beft and ftrongeft Chrijlians that were the Nile, which, to the Author, feemed to be a
on the Spot, in order to carry thofe Galleys to Burying-place, like Campo Santo . ere y
3 In Ramufo, Emin. The Emin is an Officer of the Treafury, or Pay-rnafter. ,
Thefe are the Ropes at the Ends of the Yards, which are drawn, on pronouncing thefe oru:>
Ramufo' s Copy, Rubani : Which is the truer Reading; Rub an, in Arabic , fignifying a I not.
Fleet took in Water, and here are the Baths of
Mofes , as they are called. In this Place they
ftayed two Days.
The fixteenth the Fleet failed and purfued its
Courfe for two Days together ; at the End of
which they arrived at Suez, whence they fet out,
and the feventeenth began to draw the Barks on
Shore.
- - - -
Galley ; and then the reft were unrigged and
drawn on Shore, in the Order they arrived. The
Chrijlians were the Porters, and thofe who
worked the Engines in unlading, cleared and un¬
rigged the Veffels : In fhort, all the Fatigue lay
upon them till the fixteenth ; when the Lemin a
came and payed off all the Seamen, the Chrijli¬
ans as well as Turks, 180 Maidins each.
b On
Poggia.
c In
Year,
102
Voyages to the East Indie s.
i 539. Year, the Friday before our Lady of Augujl %
Soleyman a vaft Number of People afiemble to fee dead
Bodies rife out of the Ground. This Refurrec-
tion begins on Thurfday Evening, and Jafts till Sa¬
turday at fix o’Clock ; during which -Time great
_ Numbers rife: But after that no more appear.
Juity, 'L~ Yet when they appear, you fhall fee' feme rolled
up in Linen, others lying down, and wrapped
about with Bandages, in the Manner the Anci¬
ents fwathed their Dead. Don’t imagine you
will fee them move, much lefs walk : But you
fhall this Inftant obferve one, and touch an Arm,
Leg, or any other Part of it; and then, going
away for a Moment, on your Return fhall find
the Part fo touched, fornewhat more expofed, and
farther out of the Ground than it was at firft.
This will happen as often as you make the Experi¬
ment b. To be plain, on that Day many Tents
are pitched about the Mount ; and thither re¬
pair abundance of Sick, as well as healthy Peo¬
ple: Becaufe near the Place there is a Pond,
where, on the Friday Night, they wafh them-
felves in order to be cured of their Infirmities.
But for my Part, fays the Author, I did not fee
thofe Miracles.
C LI A P. XVII.
The Siege of Diu, by Soleyman Bafha of Egypt,
m 1539.
SECT. I.
Occafton of the Expedition. Character of Soley¬
man Bafha. His Tyranny. Account of Kho-
jah Zaffar. The City quitted. The Caftle bs-
fegecl. Soleyman arrives with the Turkifh
Fleet. A Bulwark furrendered. Female Cou¬
rage. Bravery of the Men. Great Dijlrefs of
the Befieged.
THIS Siege of Diu, being one of the mod
remarkable that has happened of late Ages,
and but in Part related in the foregoing Voyage;
we fhall, to compleat it, give the Reader the
Portuguese Account thereof : Who, it muff be
allowed, were better able to inform us concern¬
ing what paiTed at Land, and efpecially in their
own Quarters, than thofe on board the Turkijh
Fleet. This Tranfadion, filled with furprifing
Inftances of human Resolution and Valour, is
beautifully deferibed b y de Faria y Soufa, from
whom we have extraded it ; adding from tie Bar-
ros , MaJJi, and other Writers, what we judged
a farther neceflary to illuflrate the Subjed. The 1.739.
Date of each Adio.n, which our Authors have Soleyman
omitted to fet down, may be fupplied from the Bafha-
foregoing Voyage.
The Prefent fen t by Badur , King of Kam- Caufe cf the
bay a, to Soleyman , the magnificent Emperor of Expedition.
the Turks , to obtain Succour from him c, was
delivered together with the News of his Death.
The great Value of this Prefent demonftrated to
that Prince the vaft: Riches of India , and ftirred
b up in him a Defire of becoming Mafter of it.
He thought it might be in his Power to expel the
Portuguese in the Eaft ; and one of them a Rene-
gado, then at Conjlantinople , promoted theDefign,
by reprefenting it eafy to be executed.
The Soltan ordered a Fleet to be fitted, andSoleym'n
gave the Command of it to the Eunuch Soley-
man Bafha, Governor of Kairo, This Soleyman
was a Greek Janifary, born in the Morea ; his
Age eighty Years; of Stature fhort; his Face
c ugly, and Belly fo big, he was more like a Beaft
than a Man ; and could not rife up without
the Help of four. His Purfe purchafed him this
Command ; offering the Turk to furnifh the
Shipping at his own Expence. The better to
perform this, he put to Death many rich Men,
in order to feize their Eftates. Among others he
hanged Amir Dawd (that is, Prince David) Command
King of Upper Egypt , after taking from him a the Fleet.
great Sum of Money. The Fleet was got ready
d by Ibrahim , a confiderable Officer under him ;
and confifted of feventy Sail, moft large Gallies,
well ftored with Cannon, Ammunition, and Pro-
vifions. In them were embarked 7000 Land Soldi¬
ers, Turks and A4am.lu.ks , befides the Seamen and
Slaves : Many of which latter were taken out
e of the Venetian Gallies, then feized at Alexandria ;
the Peace made by Bajaset (or Bay yesid) in the
Year 1503, being newly broken.
SOLEYMAN having fet out, committed HisTyramy.
Villanies natural to a Tyrant and Coward, as he
was. He caufed four hundred Soldiers to be put
to the Oars; and becaufe they complained, put
to Death two hundred d. He thought to have
taken the King of Jidda ; but he, who well
knew him, retired with the Inhabitants. At7,ebit
after receiving a rich Prefent, he beheaded the
King, Nokada Homed , with a Hatchet. At A-
den he pretended he had many fickMen on board,
and having obtained Houfes in the Town from
f the King to lodge them in, conveyed Soldiers in
Beds, counterfeiting Sickr.efs, on Shore. Thefe
at a Sign given from the Fleet, feized the City
a Which falls on the fifteenth of that Month. b M. De Thevenot, in his Travels to the Levant,
Parti, chap. 11. p. 145. wonders at the Superflition, Folly, and Credulity of People on this Occafion, de-
-nlnaliip Tvii,r:«n e c«. u.c... •* Q “ ~ d This Paffage feems to relate
daring the whole to be a palpable Delufion.
■to the Defcription mentioned before, p. 89. d.
See before, p. 83. c.
and
By the Portuguese.
103
*539-
SoIevm..n
Eaftia.
and the King ; who, being carried to the Fleet,
Soleyman afked him how it came to pafs that he
had neglected coming, contrary to his Duty,
'for three Days. The King’s Anfwer having been
freer than his Ears were accuftomed to, he caufed
him to be hanged at the Yard-arm of his Ship. A-
bout the Beginning of September the Bafha arrived
before Diu, having left fix Ships by the Way. He
was by his Inftru£tions to have vifited Goa firft ;
but.
on farther Thoughts;
had changed that De-
KhojahZaf-
far.
fign a.
When King Badur was killed upon the Sea
with feme of his Retinue, one Khojah Zofar (or
Zofar b)fwam to Shore, and was well received by
the Portuguese, who put all others to the Sword.
He upon feveral Occafions {hewed himfelf fo
grateful, that Nuno de Cunna much favoured,
and recommended him earneftly io Antonio de
Silveyra. At laft, without any Provocation he
fled from Diti to Mahmud , the new King of
a City and Ifland, abandoned by the Portuguese , 1559.
and began to play their Shot vigoroufly. Lope Soleyman
de Soufa, who guarded the Wood and Water, A
whereof the Fort flood in need, had feveral Ren-<w^v^'^
counters, and flew many of the Enemy, with¬
out lofing one Man ; but was himfelf much
wounded. Antonio de Silveyra hearing of the
Approach of the Turkijh Fleet, with Speed feat
Advice thereof to Nunno de Cunna : The Anfwer
wras, the Diligence wherewith he prepared to re-
b lieve him in Perfon.
MICHAEL VAZ , a refolute Man, fent by 7be Turkifo
Silveyra to di fcover, faw the Enemies Fleet
and, the better to view it, came up fo near, that
their Shot reached hisVeflel: However he got
off, and carried the News to the Governor at
Goa. The Fleet came to an Anchor in the Har¬
bour, and was now formidable, not only to thofe
few Portuguese, but even to the Moors, who had
expedted it. Next Day Soleyman landed 600
Kambaya, offering his Service, and perfuading c Janizaries, well accoutred, and armed with Bow
him to War upon the Portuguese ; affirming it
would be eafy to drive them from that Coaft,
with the Afiiftance of the Turkijh Fleet, which
he knew would foon be there. I he King with
this Encouragement forms a Body of 5000 Horfe,
and 10,000 Foot at Cbampanel, the Place of his
Refidence. The firfl who appeared was Khojab
and Mufkets to terrify the Beholders. They en¬
tered the City, and there a£ted all the Infolencies
ufed by Soldiers. Then drawing near the Fort,
they killed fix Portuguese ; but 300 of their Muf-
keteers advancing, killed fifty of them, and for¬
ced the reft to retire c.
A Storm obliged Soleyman to remove to Madre- ^ Bulwark
Zofar, with 3000 Horfe, and 4000 Foot, which favat J, a fafer Harbour, five Leagues from Diu. attacked.
1 • . * 1 . 1 * _ _ _ _ / I. ^ a. 1 r m v-x . . » . n , v. 1 « n t h /, v B a * — / \ ^ f i m 1 1 o f 1 t o n fir I ^ n \ e l n l X7 m i r' If
Sefiege j DiU
7 be City
quitted.
he maintained at his own Charge, knowing it is
fufpicious to advife dangerous Enterprizes, and
not have Part in them. Antonio de Silveyra , having
Notice hereof, provided fora long and dangerous
Siege.
KHOJAH ZOFAR made the firft Breach,
falling upon the Town of the Rums, near Diu,
where he did much Harm. Francifco Pacheco
defended himfelf bravely in a Bulwark with
fourteen Portuguese , till he was relieved by An¬
tonio de Silveyra , and Zofar obliged to draw off,
being wounded in the Arm. At the fame Time
appears Alu Khan, the King of Kambaya’s Ge¬
neral, with all the Army ; who, in Conjunction
with Zofar , fat down before the Pafles: Which
Pofts, on their Approach, Antonio de Silveyra
gave Orders fhould be quitted by his Officers,
the better to maintain the City and Fort. In
the Execution whereof they loft fome Ships and
Guns.
By reafon of this Lofs, and becaufe there
were many private Enemies, who only waited
an Opportunity of {hewing their Malice, Silvey¬
ra could not maintain the City. Some he hang¬
ed, and then retired to the Fort ; always taking
the Advice of his Captains. Alu Khan and Kbo-
jah Zofar prefently poffeffed themfelves of the
"There he continued twenty Days, in which
Time Silveyra improved the Fortifications, plant¬
ed his Artillery, and affigned every Man his Poft.
The fame was done by the Turks , affifted by
Khojah Zofar. Some of their Cannon played up¬
on a Bulwark; to burn which they built a wood¬
en Caftle on a great Bark, filled with combufti-
ble Matter: But Francifco de Gouvea, who had
his Command by Sea, went out by Night, and
with great Difficulty got to, and burnt, it. At
this Time came fome Relief fent by Nuno de
e Cunna ; yet the greateft Comfort they brought,
was the Hopes of his coming after in Perfon.
SOLEYMAN returns from Madre favat, andrurkiih
fires his Cannon upon the Bulwark where deGalky funk.
Gouvea commanded ; from whence, and from
St. Thomas's Tower, he was fo well anfwered,
that one of his Gallies funk, with moft of the
Men. The greateft Harm the Portuguese re-
f ceived, was from their own Cannon, which
burft, and flew fome : For the Enemy only killed
two Brothers, whofe Mother (named Barba- Canale Cou-
ra) took them in her Arms, and carried off the >•*£?.
Bodies, without {hedding a Tear. Zofar now
furioufly battered the Bulwark % commanded by
Pacheco , which he rendered not tenable. 700 Ja¬
nizaries affaulted it, and fet up their Colours ;
- See de Barros and Maffi. b He was originally a Chrtftian of Scio, had been Treafurer of Egypt, and fled
to Diu with Mu jut fa, in wnofe Affair (mentioned p. So. b.) he was concerned. c See before, p. 93. a. d Map
calls it Madra faba, rather Modajfer Abdd. See before,/-. 93. Note. e. f Called the Rums Caftle, according to Map.
io4 Voyages to the East Indies
1539‘ Tome of the fcattered Portuguese advancing, a
SoleymSn fell on, diflodged them, and killed 150. The
Bafha. Difpute lafted all Day, and the Enemy drew off
v“-,“v "^with Shame ; for the Weight of this Action lay
upon two refolute Gentlemen.
Pacheco’s Next Day Pacheco, in Defpair, furrendered.
Surrendered The Fnemy enter the Bulwark, caft down the
Ckrijlian Colours, and fet up the Turkijh. Juan
Perez , a Man in Years, enraged hereat, throws
down the ‘ Lurkifh , and again rears the Cbrijlian
Enfigns. But the Enemy preffing, he and five I
Portuguese more, who joined him, were all
killed upon the Spot, and their Bodies caft into
the Sea ; which laid them at the Gate of the
Fort, where they were honourably buried. Pa-
zheco and thofe with him had articled for Life
and Liberty : Yet the latter was not performed at
all by Soleyman , and the firft but for a while.
However he gave them Turkif ) Vefts; and fent
one of them to fummon Silveyra to furrender :
Who made a Jeft of the Propofal. <
nr be Cafik SOLEYMAN enraged at this Contempt,
buttered. prepared to batter the Fort, and planted his Ar¬
tillery in feveral Places, under the Direction of
Zofar. Among the Cannon (about 130 in all,
guarded by 2000 Turks) were nine Pieces of
wonderful Bignefs, carrying a Ball of above nine¬
ty Pounds Weight a : Befides feveral other Sizes.
Upon Monday the fourth of October, the Battery
began, and continued violently twenty Days,
doing great Harm to the Fort ; from whence lit- 1
tie Damage could be done : Nor were the Befieg-
ed fcarce able to repair the moft dangerous Breach¬
es, notwithftanding all Art and Diligence was
employed.
Portugueze The fixth Day after they began to batter,
Turks perceiving Gafpar de Soufa’s Bulwark
much damaged, thought to carry it ; but many
of them were killed in the Attempt, with the
Lofs of two Portugueze. Every Day there was
Adtion. Gonpalo Falcam had his Head fhot off.
Juan Fonfeca being wounded in the right Arm,
held his Lance with the left, as if he had receiv¬
ed no Hurt. Juan , the Gallego , a Youth of
nineteen, of a little Body, but great Heart, pur-
fued a Moor into the Sea, till lofing Ground, he
was like to drown ; which the Moor perceiving,
laid hold on him to kill him : But he recovering
himfelf, without lofing Gun or Sword, flew his
Adverfary, and came out all bloody ; walking
leifureiy towards the^ Fort, while Showers of
Bullets flew about him. Many other fingular
Adis of Valour were performed this Siege.
And grmt But by this Time many brave Gentlemen
Ddir-fs. had been killed in the Fort. Powder grew
fhort, the Provifions fhorter : The Relief of the
Vice-R.oy Don Garcia de Noronna , now arrived
in India , moved flow. The neighbouring Forts 1539*
fent no Aid ; and all began to be in Confufion : Soleyman
Which was increafed by aSicknefs (caufed by the
bad Water) that hindered moft from fwallowing
the little Provifion they had, fwelling the Gums
and loofening the Teeth; fo that they fell out.
In fine, the Portuguese fought and buffered as if
the greateft Mifery could not overcome them.
SECT. II.
Valour sf the Portugueze JVomen. De Soufa fights
on his Stumps. The Siege preffed hard. General
Attack. A Bulwark entered , and recovered.
Soleyman raifes the Siege by Zaffar’r Artifice.
Murders 146 Portugueze. He goes to Con-
ftantinople and kills himfelf. The Miferies of
the Befieged owing to the Vice -Roy.
HERE let us celebrate the Valour of the Valour of tbt
Portuguese Women. Donna Ifabel de Ve-Women,
ga , a Woman of great Virtue, and fome Beau¬
ty, was Wife to Manuel de Vefcencelos ; who,
fearing the Fort might be loft, and fhe taken
by the Turks , earneftly intreated her to go to her
Father, Francifco Serram at Goa : But file begged
not to be parted from him ; which, with much
Regret, at laft he confented to. This Heroine,
confidering there were many Men employed in
the Works who might fight, and their Places be
fupplied by as many W omen, affernbled all of
that Sex who were in the Fort ; and having ex¬
horted them to undertake that Labour, to the
End fo many Men might be added to the Num¬
ber of their Defendants, they all cbearfully com¬
plied, and followed her as their Leader, with
Anne Fernandes, to whom fhe had before com¬
municated her Defign. This Anne was Wife to
a Phyfician, and fo ccuragious, that by Night
fhe viewed all the Pofts, and appeared at Affaults,
: encouraging the Soldiers. Her Son being killed
in her Sight, fhe drew him away ; and returning
to her Poft, when the Service was over, went to
bury him.
GASPARO DE SOUSA perceiving the De Soufa’r.
Turks undermined his Bulwark, fallied with fe-
venty Men to view their Work; which he did,
and made great Slaughter among them. At his
Retreat, miffing two Men, he turned back upon
the Enemy, and fought bravely ; but, being fur-
r rounded, was hamftringed : Yet ft ill he defended
himfelf on his Knees, till opprefled by the Mul¬
titude. The Mine was countermined ; but the
continual Labour became infupportable, and it
was impoffible to repair fo many Ruins.
At this Juncture arrived four Veffels, fent by Afmall Re
the Vice-Roy, Don Garcia de Noronna , which lief arrives.
* The Venetian Officers Account, makes fome above three Times that Weight. See before, /. 95. e.
2 brought
By the Portuguese.
ygig. brought only twenty Men. Soleyman was con- a
Soleyman cerned at this Succour, tho’ fmall, but much
BaiV. more that the Fort flood fo many Affaults; Kho-
j ah ZoJ ar having affirmed, he would carry it at
two. At the Beginning of the Siege, there were
no more than 600 Men in the bort, of whom
many were killed, and fome Cannon burfl : But
the Bafha little encouraged thereby, flill looked
toward the Sea, fearful of the Portuguese Fleet ;
which he heard was coming upon him.
tTkt Sieve This moved him to prefs the Siege with b
frcjj'cd bard, more Vigour. The Bulwark of the Sea, where
Antonio cle Soufa commanded, was furiouflv at¬
tacked with fifty Barks, two whereof were funk
by the Cannon of the Caflle: Then they attempted
tofcale it, and were repulfed with great Slaughter.
The Aflault was repeated, and flill the Enemy
came off with Lofs. Among the wounded Men,
fent to be dreffed, Fcrnan Pentecido was one ;
who, while he waited his Turn, heard the
Noife of a frefh Attack, and forgetting the c
Dreffing, run thither, and received another
Wound : The very fame happened to him the
third time, and then he was dreffed of all three.
By this Time, there were left in the Fort but
250 of the 600 Men, fit to bear Arms.
"SOLEYMAN now in Defpair, refolved to
tfklnlbJ' make one Pufh for all. The better to fuccced in his
Cafile. Defign, he counterfeited raifing the Siege ; and
twelve Galleys put to Sea, that Silveyra might
be the eafier furprifed : But that vigilant Com- d
mander kept flill upon his Guard, as much as
ever. One Night fome Noife being heard, at
the Foot of the Wall by Water, it was found
that the Enemy were applying great Numbers
of fcaling Ladders. They were oppofed till
Morning appeared, which fhewed the Place be-
fet round, and affaulted by 14*000 Men. They
began by playing the Cannon, and then mounted
on all Sides, chiefly next the Commandant’s
Houfe, where it was weakeft ; but he had polled e
fuch Men there, as made a terrible Slaughter of
them. Having failed in this Place, they at¬
tempted a Bulwark, pouring in Showers of Ar¬
rows and Bullets. Great was the Confufion and
Havock on both Sides. In the Interim, came up
fourteen Galleys, furioufly difcharging their
great Shot, but do no Execution. At length,
Francifco Couvea made them draw ofl ; having
battered two* and killed fome Men with his
Cannon. ^
A Bulwark By this Time, 200 Turks had entered the
tarred. Bulwark, and planted their Colours. Scarce
thirty Portuguese were there, to oppofe them .
But they rufhing on defperately, to regain the
105
Work, none of their Shot were lofl, the Enemy 1 539-
being very thick ; fo that having fuflained great Soleym n
Damage, fuch as were in this Adlion draw off. tj!h •
However, frefh Men fuccced, and fet up four'*"'
Colours. The Portuguese wounded and burnt,
ran for Eafe, and dipped themfelves in Jars of
fait Water ; where feeking Refrefhment, they
perifhed with hellifh Torture. Antonio de Sil¬
veyra indefatigably repaired to every Place, en¬
couraging all. Here a Soldier, wanting Ball,
pulled out one of hisTceth, to load his Mufket *.
The Enemy had much the better, this fecond
Aflault ; which a few Gentlemen perceiving, fu¬
rioufly rufhcd upon them. "Juan Rodrigues , a
Man of great Body, and as great Courage, ran
out with a Barrel of Powder, crying, Clear the
IVay ; for here I carry my own> and many a Mans
Death. He threw the Barrel among the Enemy,
and fuddenly above a hundred were carried up
into the Air, torn in Pieces : Twenty lay burnt
upon the Ground ; yet Rodrigues himfelf came
off unhurt, and doing other conliderable Actions,
deferved fome of the firfl Rewards and Honours,
gained this Siege.
Other Fireworks burnt the four Enfigns,
who had fet up the Colours : Two of our Can —And reaver-
non cleared the Place of Enemies ; and two Bul-e^
lets threw down two Enfigns, that fucceeded the
former. The Enemy withdraws, and frefh
Supplies come on the third Time, and place
their Colours. The Commander of thefe, Son-
in-law to Khojah Zofar , being killed, his Men
were difmayed, and turned their Backs. Thefe
Affaults lafled above four Hours: The fame fmall
Number of Portuguese withflanding flill frefh,
and numerous Detachments, while their Women
in the Fort, and thofe of the Enemy on the City
Walls, were Spectators of the whole Action. The
Portuguese all fmeared with Powder, appeared
like Moors , and were known by their Cloatha
and Voice, not Colour : So black was their Hue
wrought with Fire, Blood and Sweat, that every
one looked as if he came out of Hell. At length
the Enemy retired, carrying off above 1000
wounded, and leaving more than 500 Men
killed. Of the Portuguese 14 were killed, and
200 lay ufelefs for want of Blood : Only 40
remained able to bear Arms, and the Weapons
lay broken to Pieces about the Ground ; fome
ferving fuch as could not fland on their Legs, for
Crutches. No Hope was left, if the Enemy
renewed the Attack ; the Walls were all fluttered,
and the Powder fpent. Nothing bur Horror ap¬
peared ; only the brave Silveyra’s Countenance
was what encouraged all Men.
It mull be remembered, that the Teeth of many were loofe. with the Scurvy, or fome fuch Diflemper
Vol. 1. No. S. P
Voyages to the
SO LET MAN put an End to all thefe Gala- a
Soleyman mities: For not knowing the Condition the For-
106
1 539
Bafha. trefs was in and terrified with fuch Ill Succefs,
Soleyman
raifes the
Siege.
he raifed the Siege a. Antonio de Silveyra , feeing
them weigh Anchor, and hoift Sail, thought it
was only another Feint ; and prepared to refill,
as if he had any Thing to truft to. He polled
the forty Men, and caufed fome, that were
wounded, to lean againft the Walls, to {hew a
Number. Thofe who could not rife, ordered
themfelves to be carried in their Beds, faying, it j
was to die in an honourable Place : Some of
the Women alfo armed themfelves, and appeared
upon the Works. The Night was fpent upon the
Watch, but the Morning was more comfortable
to the Afflicted : For Soleyman was withdrawn in
earneft, without any Thought of returning.
By means of Tho’ Fear did much, yet a Device of Khojah
Zaffar. Zofar did more towards removing the Bafha.
; Zofar was moved to it, as well by the unfup-
portable Pride of that Turk , as an Order, he had ,
from his King, that in cafe he found the Bafha
intended to keep that City and Fort (as was
feared) he fhould rather endeavour to leave it to
th e Portugueze. To effc£t this, he framed a
• Letter, intimating, that the Vice-Roy of India
would be there the next Day, with a vaft Fleet:
Which falling into Soleyman’s Hands, as was
defigned, he thought fit not to delay his Depar¬
ture ; and fo failed away, on the fifth of Novem¬
ber, after Two Months Leaguer, having loft i
3000 Men. The fame Night, Zofar's Men fired
the City, and marched off. This was the firft
Siege of Diu, which was admired throughout the
World, and added new Luff re to the Poriugueze
Glory ; all due to the invincible Courage and
Vigilance of the ever renowned Antonio de
Silveyra , and thefe valiant Gentlemen, who
were with him.
SOLEYMAN touched at the Ports, on the
Coafl of Arabia , and took up fome Portugueze ,
he found there. He gathered above 140, and
cutting off their Heads, then their Ears and Nofes,
falted and fent them to the Great Turk , to fhew
what he had done. Among thefe was Francifco
Pacheco , who had not the Courage to die like a
Gentleman in his Bulwark. Soleyman being ar¬
rived at Conjlantinople , and not well agreeing
with one who afpired to his Poft, was reduced to
kill himfelf. Cruel and tyrannical Men fhould
always be their own Executioners.
This famous Siege was fo far advanced,
when the Vice-Roy Don Garcia de Noronha arrived
Soleyman’ s
Cruelty and
Death »
East Indies
fign’d the Government. His Arrival (with fo
confiderable Relief as he brought J might well have
bettered the Affairs of Diu ; yet, on the con-^
it much endamaged them : For had he not
de Cunna had relieved Diu, with eighty
*539-
Soleymir}
Bafha.
trary,
come
‘The Vice-
Roy's infa-
mous ConduEi. jn Jn(iia, to whom Nuno de Cuna immediately re-
Sail, he had in a readinefs for that Purpofe, and
prevented fo many Miferies, and the Death of fo
many brave Men. Still frefb Advice was brought
of the Danger thebefieged were in, and fiill Don
Garcia wafted the Time, in confidering of
Means to relieve them : Choofing rather to com¬
mit an Error thro’ his own Wilfulnefs (for he
did not want Courage) than a£l rightly, by the
Advice of de Cuna ; for which he deferved an ig¬
nominious Death. Thus the Siege was raifed,
before he pitched on the Method of relieving
the Place, and the Pixpence of Preparations
thrown away.
A NTONIO D E S YL VA ME NESES was Sufpefted »/
the fecond fent with Succours, being twenty
fmall Veffels, and came too late : Yet he con¬
tended with Sylvcyra for the Honour of that
Victory b. The Vice- Roy was ftill at Goa ,
tho’ ready to fail, with a Fleet of 160 Sail of
feveral Sorts, and in them 5000 fighting Men,
and 1000 Cannon, when Advice came, that
the Turks had raifed the Siege. On this News, he
fet out with 90 Ships ; but moved fo fiowly, as
if he did not care to go thither. Hearing at
Dabul , that Alu Khan and Khojah Zafar ftill
ranged about with Fire and Sword, lie fent
againft them Martin Alfonfo de Melo with his
Galley, and the Veflels that went with de
Sylva : But being hard fet by the Enemy, he was
forced to take Shelter under the Caftle. The
Vice-Roy, at the fame flow Rate, failed on to
Bazaim , nothing moved with the News he
received from Diu.
It was whifpered about that he either confulted Arrives and
his Safety or pr-'^te Intereft. Let what would be ™akes a
: the Caufe, his A&ions juflify’d the worft of Suf- eace "
picions. But when leaft expelled, he fleer’d for
Diu , on the firft of January : When a Storm
rifing, which lafled eight Days, his Fleet was
difperfed into feveral Ports, and feveral Veflels,
with two Galleys, loft ; fo that he entered but
with fifty Sail. A Treaty of Peace was prefent-
ly fet on Foot, and concluded little to the Ad¬
vantage of the Portugueze , which common Fame
attributed to Covetoufnefs.
■ The great Antonio de Sylveyra, foon after, re- Silvias’*
turned for Portugal , and had fcarce anchored at Cbarafler,.
Lisbon , when the great Men of the Court came
to condu6t him to the King, and Princes ; who
a Map, i fays, he was terrified, with the Appearance of fixteen Portugueze Ships, each carrying four Lights., ,
to make them feem more numerous ; which failed towards Mudra faba in the Night. bThis mull be meant of
Soleyman' s raifin'g the Siege, which the Author of Soleyman' s Voyage, wholly imputes to the Coming of this
Fleet ; for the Bafha did not ftir till he had News of its near Approach and even of its Appearance : And this
fcems to be confirmed by the preceding Note,
with.
i54°-
De Caftro.
By the P o R
with Joy waited to fee, and honour him : Nor
is this to be wondered at, fince all the Princes of
Europe vifited him by their Ambafladors, being
led by the Admiration of his glorious Exploits.
The French Minifter had his Pidture drawn,
which was hung up in the Gallery of Fame,
among the other Heroes. He was of a middle
Stature, ftrong built j of a clear Judgment,
ready Wit, a great Heart, and very liberal. His
Bounty did as much at Diu , as his Valour ; for
’tis vain (fays de Faria) for a Mifer ever to
expedl to purchafe glorious Victories. Yet this
Virtue was prejudical to him in Portugal : For
the King having appointed him Governor of
India , was difluaded by fome, who faid, that
Empire was too little for his Bounty.
CHAP. XVI. '
The Voyage of Don Stefano de Gama, from Goa,
to Suez, in 1540 with Intent to burn the
Turkilh Galleys in that Port.
Written by Don Juan de Caftro, then a Captain
in the Fleet : Afterwards Governor and Vice-
Roy of India.
T anfated from the Portugueze, and abbreviated.
Some previous Remarks on this Voyage , and the
Journal.
.f Accent -rvON John de Cajlro, Author of the following
f ^ Journal, was a Portugueze Nobleman, born
in 15005 being the Son of Alvaro de Cajlro ,
Governor of the Chancery, and of Donna Leonora
de Noronha , Daughter of Don Juan de Almey-
da , Count of Abr antes.- In his Youth he ferved
at Tangier , and returning home, had a Com-
mendary valued at 500 Ducats a Year, conferred
on him ; which was all that a Man of his Birth
and Merit, was ever worth. He ferved after¬
wards under the Emperor Charles the Fifth,
in the Expedition againft Tunis ; and refufed his
Part of a Prefent in Money, which that Prince
made to the Portugueze Officers ; faying, he ferved
the King of Portugal, and of him expelled his
Reward. After this, he commanded a Fleet,
upon the Coaft, and was fent with another, to
the Relief of Ceuta , which joined that of Spain.
The Spaniards hearing, that the Moors were ap¬
proaching, would needs draw off, to confult con¬
cerning the Manner of giving Battle : But Don
John refufed to ftir. The Moors not knowing
the Fleets were parted, retired ; and Don John
remained with the Honour of this Adlion.
Dies Vice- When Don Garcia de Noronha went Vice-
Roy of in- Roy to India , Don John was Captain of one of
iia.
TUGUEZE, 107
a his Ships. Being ready to go on board, the 1540.
King fent him a Grant of the Command of De Caftro.
Ormuz , and 1000 Ducats a Year, till he was in O’VNJ
Pofteflion. The laft he accepted, becaufe he was
poor ; and refufed the firft, faying. He had not
yet deferved it. After the Expedition to Suez %
he returned to Portugal , and lived retired in a
Country-houfe he built near Cintra , giving him-
felf up inti rely to his Studies. From this Retreat,
he was called by the Advice of the Infant, Don
b Luis, and fent Governor £to India in 1545 ;
where he died, with the Title of Vice-Roy, in
1548, when he was 48 Years of Age. We (hall
have Occafion, hereafter, tojfpeak farther of this
great Man, who made himfelf famous in the
fecond Siege of Diu, by the King of Kambaya’s
Forces. In his Life, written by Jacinto Freire de
Andrada , there is a particular Account of this
Siege, with a Map to illuftrate it. The Author
treats alfo of the Difcoveries, Government,
c Commerce, and other Affairs of the Portugueze
in the Eaft 5 and gives a Defcription of India,
and China. This Book was tranflated into Eng-
lijh , and publifhed in Folio at London in 1664.
Such was the illuftrious Author of thefol-ry- f .
lowing Journal, which never was publifhed in R^ter.**
Portugueze. But having been found (If we are
rightly informed,) on board a Portugueze Ship,
taken by the Englif), was afterwards tranflated,
and publifhed by Purchas : Who tells us, that the
d Original was reported to have been bought at the
Rate of ftxty Pounds, by Sir Walter Ralegh ; alfo
that Sir Walter had it tranflated out of the Por¬
tugueze , and afterwards (as he thinks) amended
the Didfion, befides adding many marginal
Notes. Purchas himfelf reformed the Stile, but
with Caution ('not having the Original to con¬
fult) and abbreviated the whole, in which, we
hope, he ufed no lefs Circumfpedtion : For it is b,
ftill (as it ftands in that Author) moft intolerably
e verbofe, and at the fame Time, in very many
Places, fcarce intelligible ; owing, we apprehend,
to the Tranflator’s notentring fufficiently into the
Meaning of the Original, if not to the Fault of
the Abridger. Thefc two Inconveniences, we
have endeavoured to remedy the beft we could ;
and tho’ we have not always been able to clear
up the Senfe, yet prefume, we have for the moft
Part fucceeded ; and by quite changing the
Language .^except where the Places were ob-
f feurej made the Journal more fit for Reading,
without doing the Matter any Injury.
T h 1 s Expedition was undertaken for two Defgn of the
Ends: One to carry Succours to the Emperor of Voyage.
3 Our Author, de Faria y Soufa fays, he went up to Mount Si nay, where his Son Don Alvaro , was knighted :
But this does not appear from his Journal, b Pilgrims, Vol. 2.p. 1 122, under the Title of A Rutter, [or Journal]
of Don John of Cajlro, of the Voyage, which the Portugueze made from India to Zoez ; dedicated io the molt
Illuftrious Prince the Infant Don Lays, and here abbreviated, &c. It takes up twenty-fix Pages.
P 7
the
ioS
Voyages to the East Indies
al Kofs-r
burnt.
T cio. the Halajh , or Abtjfim ; and the other to deftroy a
DeCaftro. the TurkiJJ) Ships at Sz/rz. for prefently after
u — "V— ^ Scleyman Baiba’s Departure, a Rumour went,
that another Fleet of the Rians , or Turns, was on
the Way to India : But de Gama being informed
afterwards, that they could not fet out, during
the Year 1540, he refolved to be before- hand
with them ; and in fome Meafure, revenge
the late Infult on Diu , as well as prevent a fe-
cond by burning their Fleet, prepared for that
Purpofe. °
Strength of The Governor’s great Liberality brought him
tbel'kct, more Men than he defired ; whereof he chole
the beft. The Fleet confiftecfyf 80 Sail of fundry
Sorts and Sizes, and carried 2000 Men. When
he came into the Red-Sea , he found moft of the
1 (lands and Cities abandoned ; the Inhabitants
having had Notice of his Coming. At Swd-
ken the King, who was retired a League up the
Swaken and Country, entertained de Gama with Shews of
Peace, that he might not deftroy the Ifland : And c
this Delay prevented his deftroyirg the Ships at
Suez ; as it afforded Time enough, to carry thi¬
ther the News of this Defign a.
DE GAMA , in Revenge, marched with his
Brother Don Chrippher , and 1000 Men ; and
made a great Slaughter : Then, after plundering
the City (where private Men got 4 or 5000 Du¬
cats each) burnt it to the Ground. From hence he
departed towards Suez with only fixteenKaturs or
Barges, and fent the reft of the Fleet to Majfua , d
under the Command of Lionel de Lima. There was
a great Difpute on this Occafton, each driving to
go on this Expedition ; whence the Bay was
called delos Agraviados, or, of the Offended. Many
Gentlemen went in the Barges as private Soldi¬
ers ; accepting any Place, fo they were admitted :
The Number of Men was 250.
At al Kaffir , they did the fame as had been
done at Sivaken. Crofting over to Tor, or al Tur ,
they took fome Veffels of the Enemy. The e
Turks, at firft, oppofed their Landing ; but fome
being (lain, the reft abandoned the City, in
which nothing of Value was found. The Go¬
vernor would not burn it, in Reverence to St.
Catharine , and a Monaftery found there, with
Religious Men, under her Invocation ; which at
their Requeft he vifited. He was the firft Euro¬
pean Commander, who took that City, where
be knighted feveral ; an Honour much priz’d by
thofe who received it, and envied afterwards by f
the Emperor Charles V. himfelf.
/) E GA M A from hence pafied on to Suez ;
and after many brave, but fruitlefs Attempts,
made by feveral, to found and view the Harbour,
al Tur ta¬
ken.
Lands at
Suez and
withdraw.
he refolved in Perfon, and in open Day, to dif- 154a.
cover the Galleys. He faw them, and defiring De Caftro.
to do fomething conliderable, landed. The **
Enemies (hot poured thick from the Town, and
2coo Turkljh Horfe broke out of an Ambufti :
But although the Portugueze Cannon flew fome
of them, they were themfelves obliged to retreat,
much grieved, that their Voyage was difap-
pointed. r
Thus far, relating to the Defign, and Succefs
of the Expedition, we judged proper to mention,
from de Faria y Soufa , and other Authors : Be-
caufe De Cajiro’s Journal is almoft wholly con¬
fined to Obfervations of the Places, and gives
little or no Light into thefe Particulars, which yet
we prefume the Reader will think neceifary to
be known. .
With regard to the Rutter itfelf, it muft be Account of
allowed to be a very curious one. The Author, fin Journal^.
like an exadt and diligent Navigator, has ^not
only given the Courfe, and Diftance of one Pla^.^
from another, with the Latitude of ti e principal.
Ports and Capes; but obferves the minute Wind¬
ings of the Coaft, and Situation of Iflands, with the
Nature of the Tides, Currents, Shoals, Sand-Lanks,
and other Particulars relating to the Red-Sea -.
Yet, far from confining himfelf to mere nauti¬
cal Remarks, he hath given us a Defcription of
the Places, wherever he came, and even of the
Country and Inhabitants ; fo far as he was able to
colled from his own Obfervation, or Enquiry
from others, particularly the Natives.
DON JOHN hath gone farther yet, and The Parallel’
attempted to draw the Parallel between the an- Geography..
tient and modern Geography of this Sea. If in all
Points he may not have fucceeded, the great Dif¬
ficulty of the Talk, from the Obfcurity of the
Subjed, is to be confidered ; moft (indent Places
being deftroyed, the Names of others long fince-
out of Ufe, and very little of thofe Coafts known
» to Europeans , even at this Day. However, for
thefe Reafons, the Conjedures being often erro¬
neous, and at beft, very uncertain, we (hall, for
the moft Part, infert them by Way of Notes,
with our own Remarks thereon. Whether the
Altitudes have been taken with that Precifion,
which Geography requires, may alfo in fome
Meafure be queftioned ; fince we find there was
a Crack in the Inftrument, the Size of which is
not mentioned, nor were all the Obfervations re¬
peated ; and if they had been, we are fenfible
that thofe made formerly, are not fo accurate as
thofe made of late Years. However, they feem
to have been made with a good deal of Care, and
muft needs be of great Service to the Geographer.
a This is de Faria's Account, but Bermudas fays, the Reafon he did not fucceed in his Defign, was, becaufe he
could not come at the Ships, being drawn on Land; fee Purchas Pilgrims, Vol. 2. p. 1150; as in Fad we
find they had been, by the Author of the Voyage of Solcymdn Balha. See before, /. 101. a.
2 IT
By the Portugueze,
109
154 o
Pe Caftro.
in
a bearing but little Sail: About ten, they came to 1/^41,
an Anchor at the River Cbaporaa. > De Caftro
_ _ The thirteenth of January , 1541, in the ^ ta
Z North ro"southT« weii as "the Situation of Morning, they faw a jjreat Quantity^ Ouk,^
**ammd' its principal Ports on the Weft Side. The Lati- ,,nr
tude of the Streights was verified by the Obferva-
It is only by the Obfervations contained
this Journal, that Geographers are able to deter-
'mine the Extent of the Arabic Gulf, or Recl-Sca ,
that grows upon the Rocks ot the Sea; and a
little while after, a Snake. The Sun being up,
they deferied the Ifland of Sokatora a, in Search
of which they went, bearing due South.
DON JOHN, on examining the principal
,s 2Q-. 45 . It ...ay nm Pilots of the Fleet, how far, by their Reckonings,
be amifs to examine it. By federal very accurate b they we. e off f^“d’ fiheiW^
Ob(erva.ions,in,694,M.a^^heRoyal
odd ; and the others, eighty ; thofe neareft the
Matter, were feventy Leagues fhort, except his
own Pilot, who computed it but lixty-five. They
all wondered how the Error could be fo great ;
and either that it was fo, or to fave their Credits,
alledged, that the Way was fhorter than the
Charts made it: The Moorijh Pilots joined with
them, affirming, that from Goa to Sokatora , there
were no more than three hundred Leagues.
SOKATORA b is twenty Leagues in Ttng&rExtertoftb9.
and nine in Breadth ; and {lands in twelve De- Ifland.
grees forty Minutes North. The Northern Coaft
runneth Eaft and Weft, inclining fomewhat to
the North-Weft, and South-Eaft. The Shore is CoaflJafi»
of according ^ L-Uudc found by ^ ^and, ^nd mfom^Place^ flony ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
Kfcrcgioufl, in «he
bloweth fo violently, as to drive great Heaps of
Sand over the higheft Hills, The Coaft is very
high, and begirt with huge and craggy Mountains.
Tides here are contrary to thofe ot India . ‘Tides contra*-
For when the Moon appeareth on the Horizon, it ry to the
is high Tide, which thence begins to ebb; andlRchan-
by the Time it cometh to the Meridian of the
Ifland, it is low Water: Then as the Moon de¬
fends from the Meridian, it begins to flow again
in the fame Order as it fets at Goa ;, and being
fet, it is here full Sea. The Author found this by
Obfervations made at different Times,
The Inhabitants of Sokatora are Chrijlians, inhabitants-
converted, as they fay, by St .Thomas: They have Chriftaw,.
The Fleet leaves Goa, and comes to Sokotra. The Churches throughout the Ifland, jnjvhich there
tions of Don John's Pilot: But becaufe moil Maps
and Charts give Suez fat the farther End ol the
Gulf) a Situation different from what this Jour¬
nal has marked, which is 29°. 45 • ** niay not
V-/U1C1 vatiuiio, ~ - - _ . ' .
Academy of Sciences at Paris, found the Latitude
o fKairo to be 30°. 2'. id1. The Difference of Lati¬
tude between thefe two Places then will be feven-
teen Minutes; which, we conceive, cannot be far
from the Truth, if not quite ^exad, fince Dr.
Pocock’s Map makes the Difference about twenty
Minutes. ’Tis true, in Sicard’s Map of Egypt,
and the late French Chart of the Eaftern Ocean,
Suez is placed only two or three Minutes more
Southward than Kairo : But as the Authors had
no new Obfervation, made at the former Place,
to £0 by, and feem to have been quite Strangers
to Hon John's-, their Authority can weigh but
little againft an exprefs Obfervation, and a Map
drawn, as Dr. Pocock' s was, (among other Helps)
from one made by the Natives. Befides, De
X d Idilti j uul Liivu iiv **** o o y.
Latitude of Kairo, which fhews he has given it
that Pofition more by Chance than Defign.
This may fuffice to fupport the Ciedit of the
Author’s Obfervations of the Latitude, till new
ones can be made, which we are not to expedl in
Hafte ; European Ships, at prefent, rarely failing
higher than Mokka or Z abid: For which Reafon,
this Journal is the more to be prized . For the
reft, it is full of Variety ; and if fome Articles
be dry, Amends is made by their Ufefulnefs to
Geographers and Navigators, as well as the Plea-
fure o tliers afford.
SECT. I.
>/> tleet leaves vroa, ana ww tv - - . 1 _
Ifland deferibed. Hill of Aden. Streights. of is no Oracle but the Crofs, for which they v
Maria aejeiiuKu. j * j _ * . ir. home rare to find any Perfom
The Tket
leaves Goa,
Baboalmandub. They enter the Red-Sea.
T H E thirty-firft of December, 154°? at Sun-
rife, they departed from the Bar of Goa,
towards the Streights [ of Mekka ; J the Wind
was Eafterly from the Land, and they advanced
great Devotion ; it being rare to find any Perfon
without one about his Neck. The Author was
informed, their Prayers were in the Chaldean
Language. They ufe the Chrijlian Names of
John, Peter, Andrew , &c. and the Women, ge¬
nerally that of Mary.
the Mifmfounution of Mariners.
I 10
Voyages to the East Indies
1540.
De Caftro.
Without Go¬
vernment.
Their Per-
Jons.
'Soil and
•.Commodity.
Trees and
Plants .
The Hill of
Aden.
The Condition of this People is vety fingular,
for they have no King, Ruler, Prelate, or any
other Perfon to whom they are fubjeft a: But
live in a Manner like wild Beafts, without any
Order of Juftice or Government. In all the
Ifland, there it neither City nor Town ; but moll
Part of the People dwell in Caves, and fome lit¬
tle thatched Cottages, feparated the one from the
other. 1 heir hood is Flefh and wild Dates: They
drink Milk, and feldom any Water. This Peo¬
ple is of the heft Difpofition in all thefe Parts :
I heir Bodies are tall and flrait, their Faces well
proportioned, their Colour is fwarthy: The Wo¬
men are fomewhat whiter, and honejUy fair. They
Streights .
(lands the ftrong City of Aden ; which, within 1,-40.
thefe three Years, fell under the Power of theDe Caftro.
Turks , by the Treachery of Soleymdn Bafha d. v— — ' v* —
The Arabic Gulf % commonly called theBab al
Red -Sea, begins in that Part of the Ocean !^and.ab
bounded on the Side of Africa by Cape Guardafu,
(of old Aromata ) and on the other Side of Afia ,
by Cape Fartak, (formerly Siagros ) in Arabia ;
and about forty Leagues diftant, ends at Suez ,
the antient City of the Heroes. From thefe Capes,
the Shores run Weftwaru as far as Aden and /Ley-
la, which belongs to Abejfn, [or Habafh'] and from
thence proceed narrowing with defert Coafts, and
not much winding, till they meet in the Mouth
uie no Manner of Weapons ofFenfive, or defenfive, of the Arabic Gulf, with two Promontories: That
except certain Swords of dead Iron, very fhort :
1 he Men go naked, only covering their Pudenda
with a Piece of Kambolis; a fort of Cloth, where¬
of great Quantity is made in the Ifland.
The Country is all over Mountains, and na¬
turally poor, producing neither Wheat nor Rice, c
nor any Grain or Commodities, except Sanguis
Dracoms , and Verdigreafe b ; which is in great
Abundance, and efteemed above all. ThislDe-
fedt, Don John Relieves, is not to be imputed to
the Soil, but to Want of Induflry and Art in the
Inhabitants: lor that the Ifland inwards is very
trefh, and hath many Valleys and Plains, very
fit for Culture. However, there is Plenty of all
Sorts of Cattle found in other Parts. Thefe Peo¬
ple have no Manner of Navigation, nor Induflry d
to catch the Fifh, which are infinite upon their
Coafts. The Country produces very few Fruit
Trees, of which the Palm is the chief, affording
the principal Part of their Suftenance : But it
yields all Sorts of eatable and medicinal Plants ;
the Mountains being covered with Bafil, and
other aromatic Herbs.
1 he twenty-feventh of January, in the Morn¬
ing, they came within Sight of Aden, about fix
Leagues to the North-Wefl; and perceived, that e
the Land they faw the Day before, and feemed
to be an Ifland, was the Mountain c of Aden.
I his Mountain is very high and fair ; and on
every Side, craggy and rough, rifing with fome
very high Points; refembling in all Refpedls the
Hill of Sintra. Defcending to the Sea, it thrufts
out a very great and long Point ; then prefently
withdrawing itfelf a good Space inward, two large
Harbours are formed: And on that to the Eaft,
on the Arabian Side, was antiently called Poffodi-
um ; but the Author was not acquainted with
either the antient or modern Name of that on the
Side of [the] Abejhi f, or Ethiopia ; and this is the
narrowefl Part of all the Gulf s. This Entrance,
is, by the neighbouring People, and Inhabitants
of the Coafl of India , called Albabo h, which in
Arabic, lignifies the Gates, or Mouths, being about
fix Leagues wide, and is full of little Blands and
Rocks, that one would imagine, the Paflage was
formerly flopped up. Thofe Ifles are fo full of
Bays, Ports, and Nooks, and through the Chan¬
nels entereth l'uch a vafl Quantity of Water, that
one feemeth to fail in the moil tempeftuous Part
of the Ocean.
The Cape on the Side of Arabia, (which Rub 'n
flretches into the Sea with a very great and long^3”^*
Point, without the Mouth of the Streights, where
it forms a large Bay) appears to thofe coming from
the Sea, to be an Ifland. At a confiderable Dif-
tance from the firm Land, little more than a
Stone’s Call from this Cape, is the Ifie of the
Robons ; Roboan 1 , in the Arabic , fignifying a
Pilot : For here thofe dwell who bring in Ships,
and carry them whither they are bound. This
Ifland, which is about half a Mile in Compafs, is
round, and very flat ; from hence one may ford
it to Land at low Water. About one League off
at Sea, lies another Ifland, about a League and a
half in Length ; which on the Side towards the
Coaft of the AbeflA, hath a very large Haven,
where a great Navy of Galleys may ride fecure
from all Winds: But there is neither Harbour
nor landing Place on the Shore facing Arabia.
This Channel maybe fafely palled in th t A good
Channel
Since then, the Arabs fubdued them. b By Verdigreafe, feems to be meant Aloes. c The Au-
hor lays, Aden is the antient Madoca ; and the Mountain, that called Cabubat ■ra, famous among Navigators of
0 1 d Here, our Author relates the Story, already told, p. 9 2. only he fays, the King' was hanged before
the Gates of the City. . £ It is thus called by the Arabs, who alfo give it the Name of The Gulf of Mekka,
and Hcjaz ; which lafl is, or was, a Province of Arabia. f The Arabs call it Jebal al Mandab, or Mondub,
from whence the Streights have their Name. & The Nubian Geography fays, that Ships cannot pafs with-
outbemg feen from Shore. h Al Bab, fignifies the Gate, not the Gates, which in Arabic, is al Ab'vcdb.
1 his Streight is alfo called Bdb al Mondub, as hath been obferved before, p. 91. Note d. The Turks name it (as
they do all Streights in general) Bdb Bogdzi. Our Sailors call it, The Babs. » Rather Rob an, or Rub an. '
Mid ft.
154-0.
£)e Caftro.
Channel of
Abeftiin. j
Latitude
of the
Streights.
They pafs
then:.
DircBions
for faffing.
By the Por
Midft, fteering North-Weft by Weft, or South-
Eaft by Eaft, there being eleven Fathom deep
'quite through; and it may be pafled near the
Ifland or firm Land, as well as in the Midft, be¬
ing every where free from Flats, Shoals, or any
other Obftrudlions. The Ground is a foft Stone,
which they call Coral; fo that one fhall fcarce
ever meet with a fandv Bottom. Being far with¬
in the Channel, and going to feek a Place of
Shelter from the Eaftern Winds, which here are
very ftrong, the Depth diminiftieth fomewhat,
but is never lefs than nine Fathom.
Besides this Channel of Arabia, there are
many others, by which the Streights may be fafe-
ly entered : But, the Author fays, Mention is
made of one only, called the Channel of Abejhin.
Between the Ifland of the Gates, and the Pro¬
montory on the Coafts of Abejhin , (which may
be about five Leagues) there lie fix Blands; which
being very great and high, the Sight of them
ftrikes the Sailors with Terror on their firft Ap¬
proach, and makes them doubt there isnoPaflage
that Way : But the Truth is, that between them
there are very large and deep Channels, which
may be failed through, without any Danger ; or,
leaving them all on the Right-hand, you may pafs
between them and the Coaft of Abejhin.
The twenty-ninth, at Noon, Don John found
the Latitude of the Mouth of the Streight, and
Point of Arabia , to be twelve Degrees fifteen Mi¬
nutes a. In Regard the Pilot found the fame Alti¬
tude at Land, it cannot, he fays, but be very exact.
Two Hours after Midnight, they fet Sail,
from the Mouth of the Streight. In the Morn¬
ing, they faw both Coafts, being nearer the Abe¬
jhin ; between which and the firft Ifland, they
failed North-Weft by Weft, the Wind blowing
hard at Eaft till Noon. ThisCoaft was quite new
and unknown before to the Portugueze : Their
Diftance from Land was about four Leagues.
An Hour after Sun-rife, they faw a Range of
Blands, moft of them very low ; which extended
North-Weft, and South-Eaft, as the Coaft did,
along which they lay, for about fixty Leagues.
In this Channel of Abejhin , they failed with a fair
Wind, having Iflands all the Way on both Sides.
There is no failing by Night, or without the
Wind in the Poop; for if it happen to change,
they cannot tack about, nor come to Anchor in
any Place. Till they are gotten as far as the firft
of' the firft Iflands, they fhall fee to the Seaward,
nine little ones ; and thence, forward, the Sea re¬
mains free and open : But towards the Shore they
are very numerous; fome few of them two Leagues
diftant from it. The Length of the Channel,
TUGUEZE. HI
a made by the three firft Iflands, and the Land, may 1540.
be about eight Leagues. The fafeft Way, is to De Caftro.
keep nearer the Coaft than the Ifles : But the Au-^—V^
thor is of Opinion, that none fhould venture
through, without a Pilot of the Country.
SECT. II.
JJlands Sarbo, Shamoa, Dallaka, and Maflua, de¬
fer ibed. Account of Habafti, or Abefhin. Of
[j the Nile, and Caufe of its Increafe. Wars of
Habafti, and Conquefs of the King of Zeyla.
The Abefhins, their Manners. Deftgn of turn¬
ing the Courfe of the Nile.
THE tbirty-firft, by Day, they came to a The Seven
Shoal in fix Fathom Water, having to the Sifters.
Right, certain Iflands, called The Seven Sijlers ;
between which and the Shoal, there is a very dan¬
gerous Rock, as the Moorifa Pilots told the Author :
So that the fafe Navigation, is to keep near the
c Land. At Night they came to Anchor in a Ha¬
ven, called Sarbo b, in an Ifland of the fame
Name, in nine Fathom and a half. All this Day,
very clofe to the Coaft, they faw abundance of
little Iflands.
The firft of February , Don John going o
Land in the Port of Sorbo, with the Pilot and Sorbo,-
Mafter, found the Latitude fifteen Degrees feven
Minutes c. This Ifland is about a League and a
half in Breadth. It belongs to a great Archipelago
d of Iflands, about four Leagues from the Abejhin
Coaft, and twenty-four ftiort of Mafua. Sarbo
lies moft to Seaward of thofe Iflands, fome of
which are almoft even with the Surface of the
Water ; and others rife fo high, that they feem
to touch the Clouds. There are among them fo
many Bays, Ports, and Harbours, that no Wind
can annoy them. They all want Water, except
one that is very high ; which the Portugueze call
Whale If and, from its Figure. There is alfo 1
e Plenty of Cattle ; and a large Harbour, where
Ships "may winter. The Ifland of S\bo is very low ;
fo are the Trees, which are very numerous, but
barren : The Plain was full of Grafs ; and Tradts
of Men and Cattle appeared in every Place>: But
only one Camel was feen, for which Reafon they
called it, The If and of the Camel . In fearching
all over the Ifland they found no Water, except
one Well digged in a Stone, made, it fhould feem,
to receive the Rain.
f The fourth, at Sun- rife, they left Sorbo, and ciujten of
the feventh failed along many Iflands, which are Ijhs.
about three or four Leagues from Shore. Moft
of them are very low, and even with the Sea.
In their Paflage, they kept about a League to the
a The Sun’s Meridian Altitude, was fixty-two Degrees forty-five Minutes ; the Declination for the Day,
fifteen Degrees : Whence the Latitude refults as fet down. b ’Tis fometimes fpelled, Sorbo. c Sun’s
Altitude above the Horizon, near fixty-one Degrees : Declination, thirteen Degrees fifty Minutes.
3. Right
112
i54‘-
De Caftro.
Channel of
Dallaka.
IJland
Slumoa.
Jf.nvd
Dallaka.
Voyages to the
Right of them : And about Even, faw alfo to the a
Right, about four Leagues diftant, a very long
Range of Iflands, extending about five Leagues in
Length, North- Weft, and South- Eaft, as near as
could be judged. And this is the Breadth of the
Channel they failed in all this Day, reckoning
from one liland to the other. The Coaft ftretch-
ed North -Weft by Weft, and South-Eaft by Eaft ;
and the Depth continually twenty- five fathom,
in an ouzy Bottom.
The eighth, they fet Sail two Hours after b
Sun-rife; and holding their Courfe, for the mod:
Rati, North-Weft, at Sun-fet, found themfelves
near the Entrance of the Channel, that pafl’es
between the Point of Dallaka, and Sbamoa a, a
League diftant, which is the firft of five very
flat Ifles, that lie between the faid Point and Land.
It is two Leagues in Compafs, and has fome
Springs and Wells. Although they were in the
principal Channel, yet Night coming on, and
many of the Galleons being far behind ; as it c
would alfo be difficult to hit the Channel, and
the Wind was already low, they therefore took
in all but their Forefails ; and {landing to the
South-Eaft, two Hours within Night, came to an
Anchor in forty Fathom Water, the Ground
ouzy. All this Day, they faw Iflands along the
Coaft, fo flat, that they leemed on a Level with
the Sea. The Coaft ftretched North- Weft, and
South-Eaft, to a low Point, as far forward as the
Bland of Dallaka ; beyond which Point, there is t
a great Bay, entering ten or twelve Leagues
into the Land.
The Bland of Dallaka , [rather Dalhaka] is
very low, and almoft even with th& Sea, without
any Rifing in it. It is reckoned twenty-five
Leagues in Length, and twelve in Breadth : The
Soufh Coaft of it, as far as can be difcerned,
.{Fetches Eaft South-Eaft, and Weft North-Weft ;
and along the Shore lies a great Number of little
Iflands, all very low. The Author only coafted c
this Side of the Eland for feven Leagues, at the
Diftance of two from Land ; and often cafting
the Lead, could never find Ground.
The Soil of this Bland is red. It produceth
few Trees, but abounds with Herbs. The Inha¬
bitants are Moors ; and the King refldes moil
Part of the Year at Mafua. It yieldeth little :
East Indies
For fince Swaken rofe in Reputation, bAfaJua, 1541*
Aden , and Judda, have loft their Trade, andPeCaftro^
therewith their I1 ame.
The Capital City is fituated almoft at the chief City,
Point of the Bland, which lies on the Weft Side,
fronting Abejhin , fix or feven Leagues diftant. It
is called Dallaka (whence the Eland took its
Name) which in Arabic fignifies ten Leks b ; be-
caufe formerly, the Cuftom-Houfe there, yielded
fo much yearly to the King.
The twelfth, the Galleons came into the Port
of Mafua.
MASUA , [or Majua] is a fmall Bland c lefs Mafua de-
than half a Mile in Length ; and in Breadth, a fcrihed.
Caliver Shot. It is very flat, and lies in a great -
and crooked Nook of the Coaft, very near tne
Point thereof, that is on the North- Vv eft Side ;
the Channel between it and Land, being about a
Falcon Shot over, and in fome Parts not fomuch.
In this Channel lies the Harbour, which is fecure
in all Weathers. The Current is very fmall, and
all Winds come from the Land. The Depth of
the Water is eight or nine Fathom, and the
Ground ouzy. The Entrance of this Port is
on the North- Eaft Side, toward the Middle of
the Channel : For from the Eaft-North-Eaft Point
of the I Hand, there runs a Shoal towards another,
which proceeds from the Point of the Nook ; fo
that Ships muft take Care to keep the Middle of
the Channel, which is very ftrait, and runs North-
[ Eaft, and South- Weft.
V ery near this Bland, to the South and South- ijlandsnetr
Weft, lie two other Iflands. The bigger, that"1*
next Land ; the other, lying towards the South-
Weft, is very round. Thefe three Iflands, which
are all very flat and barren, form a Triangle.
There is no Spring in any of them, only in Ma¬
fua , are many Cifterns of Water. Between, are
fcattered many Shoals ; but through the Midft of
them runs a Channel, where Galleys, and row-
: ing Veflels, may pafsat full Sea.
MAS UA , with all the Coaft from Cape Guar-
dafu to Swaken , was formerly fubjecl to Prefer
John d : But within thefe few Years, it wasfeiz-
ed by the King of Dallaka ; who refides moftly
here, (as hath been obferved) on Account of the
Trade driven with the Abijftns , from whom he
hath abundance of Gold and Ivory. The Air is
a In the Copy, thefe Names are written Dalaqua, and Xamoa , the Portugueze exprefling our k by qu, and^,
by x b Every Arabian Lek, is worth ten thoufand Sberafns, each of which amounts to two Tangas Larinas :
So that ten Leks are worth forty thoufand Cruzados. c Here flood formerly, according to Don Johns. Opi¬
nion the City of Ptolemaida of the wild Beafts. This he conjectures, from the abundance of wild Beafts in the
Country, and the Latitude of the Place. But thefe are no Proofs : For firfl, all this Coaft is full of wild Eeafts ;
and as to the Latitude, the Agreement is rather a Proof that it is not the fame Place: For ftnce Ptolemy hath de¬
termined the Situation, folely by the computed Diftances, it is almoft impoffible it lhould fall exactly conform¬
able to the Truth. d By Prejler , or Prejlyter , John , is meant the Emperor of the Abajhins ; whom the
Portugueze for a long Time miftook for an imaginary Prince, with that ridiculous Name or Title, placed by
Marco Polo, and others, in Tart ary, to the North of China.
exceeding
?*rt.
Extent of
Hafeaih.
Head and
Courts of
Nik.
By the For
1^41. exceeding bet and tinbeakhful in May and June, a
De Cairo. for want of Wind : So that both the King and
Inhabitants retire to Dallaka , during thefe two
Aikiko Months. The Land, as far as Arkiko*, where
there arc many Wells, a League to the South
of Mafuu , is very high and full of Mountains :
Between which and the Sea are fpacious Fields
and Plains ; but thence forward the Coaft is more
open and clear. The Country abounds with E-
lephants. Tigers, Wolves, wild Boars, Stags,
Elks, and other Sorts of Beafts, unknown to the b
Portuguese.
The Prefer John , called alfo King of the
Abejhi, is Lord of all Ethiopia , below Egypt, ex¬
tending from Cape Guardafui , the mod Eaftern
Point of Africa , as far as Suidken , in the Red-
Sea \ having the Country of the Nubians to the
North.
NILTJS is dill called Nil, by the Abejhi, E-
gyptians, Arabs , and Indians. Its Springs are in
the Southern Borders, towards the Country of c
the Kafrs *, as the Author vvas informed by feme
Abejhin Lords, and other confiderable Perfons :
Who alio allured him, that the River does not
hide itfelf any where under-ground, as the An¬
cients relate ; but continually fhewed itfelf car¬
rying a great Breadth and Depth.
' He fikewife learned from them, that the
Increafe and Overflowing of the Nile was owing
to the great and continual Rains, which fall in
June and July , in their Country , which alfo d
vvas overflowed ; and that in Augujl the Rain
ceafed, and the Water fell by degrees. As Con¬
firmation of this, he obferves, that at Mafia,
in June and Part of July , there fell great Storms,
Rains, and Thunder ; and that he could perceive _
within Land continual Tempefts, and the Sky
black and cloudy : Which yet the Abejhinsi aid gave
bpt a faint Idea of what it really was. He adds,
that the fame Months of June and July are the
Winter at Cape Buena Efperanxa, and all along c
that Coaft, where the Rains fall without Inter-
miffion.
Upon Enquiry they farther acquainted him,
that the River made feveral Iflands ; and, among
the reft, one very large, with a great City on
it, which he concludes muft be the antient Ale-
roe ; that it abounded with certain dangerous A-
nimals, which he fuppofes to be Crocodiles ; and
that in a certain Place which they named, it fell
from a large Rock, with great Noife j but not f
fo as to make People deaf.
A'TINE TINGIL, (called afterwards Da¬
vid) reigning in 1530, became fo cruel and ty¬
rannical, that he grew hateful to the Abejhins.
Cange of its
Increafe.
Meroe. rlle
Catarufls.
Haballi in¬
vaded.
TIJGUE Z E. 1 *3
At this Time Grada-.net, King of Zeyla, CfiCOU- 1541. ’
raged by the Dilaffe&ion of his Subje&s, or in- DeCaiiro.
vited by fome of the Lords, invaded his Domi-f/'V*"'^
nions, and took fome Towns; by the Plunder
of which he animated his Eroops, the chief
Strength whereof conftfted in 300 Turks, arm¬
ed with Arquebuftes. On the other Hand he
made all the Inhabitants free in the Cities he
palled through, and eafed them of Taxes : By
which means he gained, not only the People in.
general, but the Nobles themfelves over to his
Intereftf
T H E Prefer John fent an Army againft him ; The Emperor
but, on the Turks firing their Calavers, which defeated.
killed fome, the Soldiers were fo terrified, that
they prefently fled. The King of 'Le.yla, pulled
up with this Vidtory, and joined by Multitudes
of Abejhins, ravaged the Country ; and marched
towards that Part adjoining Magadoxa and Me¬
linda, in order to attack a Mountain, where the
royal Treafure was lodged. To prevent this A-
tine Tingil met him, with all the Forces he could
mufter : But this Army was put to Flight like
the former, by means of the ‘ Turks ami the Ar¬
quebuses. The Presbyter after this Defeat, re¬
treating to the Mountains, died within a few Dies for
Days, in 1539. The King of Z eyla, after hisW-
V i dtory, continued his March to the Mountain,
by great Journeys ; and, arriving there, aflault-
ed it with fuck Vigour, that although it was in-
acceffible, yet, at length, he took it, and there¬
in the greateft Treafure that ever was known in
the World.
The loyal Abe fins , on the Presbyter9 s De- DiflrcEl’ona
ceafe, ele&ed his eldeft Son in his Room : Who
being very young, and the Country in Con-
fufion, a Brother of his dealt with fome great
Men [or they prompted him] to obtain the King¬
dom, which proved the utter Ruin of the Abe¬
jhins. While the unfortunate Youth was thus
engaged in a civil War, the King of Zeyla came
upon him ; and he being unable to refill fled to
the Mountain of the Jews. This Mountain \s Mountain ej
very great and high, and of difficult Afcent;Jevre‘
having but one Way up to the Top, which is a
large Plain, abounding with Springs, Fruit-Trees,
Cattle, and cultivated Lands. The Inhabitants
obferve the Law of Mofes : But how they came
here (there being no Jews any where elfe in the
Land) or why they never come down and con¬
vert with the Abejhins, Don John fays he could
never difcov&r; However that be, thefe Jews
defended the King againft the Moors , and King
of Zeyla , who alfo entering the Mountain, were
obliged to retire.
a Or Arkoho and Erkoko. ’Tis written faultily by fome, Erocco ; by Delife, Arcua ; and, in Purchas, (pro¬
bably by Miftake) Arquito.
VOL. I.
N° 5,
a
About
U4
1541*
De Caftro.
Portugueze
Aid.
People of
Uabafli,
Voyages to the
ABOUT this Time the Portugueze arrived at
Mafua , which difmayed the Moors , and encou¬
raged the King to quit the Mountain of the
Jnvs, and advance with his People to certain
Hills near the Coaft about Mafua, from whence
he fent moft doleful Letters to the Portugueze Go¬
vernor, who returned Anfwers with Hopes of
Succours ; and, after his Return from Sue z, 500
Men were fent under a Commander, to the Pref-
lyter.
The Abefhins are naturally ceremonious, and
full of Pundtiliosof Honour. They ufe no Wea¬
pons but Darts, marked with a Lance and Crofs j
only a few wear half Swords. They are very
a&ive on Horfeback : They are generally addict¬
ed to Lying and Rapine. They don’t reckon
thofe rich, who poffefs Money, but only fuch as
East Indies
a goto vifit Jerufalem and Mount Sit: ay. This 154*
Paffage was confirmed in every Circumftance by De Caflro.
fome learned grave AAoors ; of whom Don John
made Enquiry in the Arabic Gulph.
have Abundance of Cattle, and Camels ; not-
Wabit and
Diet.
withftanding which they prize Gold very much.
At Home they are weak and Cowards; but in
other Countries ftrong and valiant : So that it is
become a Proverb through India , that the good
Soldier mujl be an Abefhin ; and they are fo high¬
ly efteemed in Ball a gat, Kambaya , Bengala , and
other Places, that they are always the principal
Perfons in the Army.
Their Habit is very mean, confifting of a
Linen Shirt ; only fome great Perfons wear a Be-
dtn a : The common People go naked. They eat
Bolliemus, and Flefh, either quite raw, or with
Queen of
Sheba.
Of turning
thi Nile.
the Blood in it, only juft Ihewing it to the Fire.
In the Land there is no Cities nor Towns, but
they live in the Fields, under Tents, like the A-
larbes b.
They value them felves much on account of
the Queen of Saba , faying, that file took Ship¬
ping in the Port of Mafua , or, according to o-
thers, at Swaken ; that file carried great Riches
and Jewels with her ; and that going to Jerufa -
lem , to fee King Solomon , file made him large
Prefents, and returned with Child by him to her
Kingdom.
It is a Thing much talked of among the A -
btjkinsy that a Soldan of Babylon c, many Years
ago having made War againft Presbyter John ,
thisMonarch d gathered a great Multitude of Peo¬
ple, with an Intent to turn the River Nile, by
another Channel, into the Sea. Which when
the Soldan heard of, he was amazed ; and being
fenfible, that if the Work was executed, it would
ruin Egypt, he fent Ambaffadors, with great
Gifts, to obtain Peace and Friendfhip with the
Presbyter, and gave the Abejhins a Privilege to
pafs through his Country, without paying Tri¬
bute : And at this Day they pay none, when they
SECT. III.
White Spots in the Sea. Marate IJland. Port of
Shabak. Shoals and Channel of Swaken, The
Sea appears red , green , and white. Obferva-
tion of the Tide. City of Swaken ; its Port ,
b Strength, Trade , Road, Channel and Tides.
TH E nineteenth, at Sun-rifing, they left the They ka-vt '
Nook, half a League beyond Mefua , and Maliua-
fet fail, keeping about half a League from Land.
This Day the Weather was very clofe, and it
rained. The Fleet confifted of fixty-four row¬
ing Veffels, viz. three Galliots, eight fmall Gal¬
leys, and thirty-five Foifts. At Night the Wind
being North-Weft, it calmed, and blew" a little
at Weft. In the fecond Watch it began to rain,
c Some Time after they weighed Anchor, and
rowed along the Shore till Morning, it raining
ftill very hard.
The twentieth at Evening they were as far Range af
as the Point of the Range of Iflands on the North-
fide, about fourteen Leagues from Mafua , and
four from the Coaft ; which, in that Diftance,
lies North-North-Weft. In Harate , Dohul , and
Damanil , fome of the outermoft Iflands, they
found Cattle and Water, with a few poor Dwel-
d lings. The Land of them is low, and they are
furrounded with Shoals and Flats.
All the firft Watch of the Night, they fail -White Spott
ed North- North- Weft, with a fair Wind at Eaft. in the Sea.
At the Beginning of the fecond, they fell on a
fudden among certain very whitifh Spots, which
caft Flames like Lightning. Wondering at this
ftrange Appearance, they took in their Sails, be¬
lieving they were upon fome Shoals or Banks ;
but, on founding, found twenty-fix Fathom
e Water. Wherefore perceiving the Pilots of the
Country were not furprifed at it, they continued
their Courfe.
The twenty-firft, when it was Day, they*
faw off at Sea a low Ifland, whereof the Mcorijh
Pilots were afraid.
The twenty- fecond, at Day-break, they fetcexeto M**
fail, and arriving by Noon at a very long Point rate,
of Sand, which comes from Shore, Don John’s
Pilot obferved the Latitude 0 be eighteen De-
f grees, thirty Minutes. After e ibling this Point
they found the Sea very open, and failed North-
Weft by Weft. An Hour after they came to
an Harbour called Marate. The Coaft this Day
ftretched North-North-Weft, and is all low
1 A Kind of upper Garment. b Or Arabs. c Meaning Kahera , or Kayro,, in Egypt .
** * according to Bermudaes, was Ale Beale , Fredeceffor to Onadinguel. /here called Atine tingil) who actu¬
ally began the Work. See Pun heit' s Pilgrim, Vol. 1. - -
p. 1170.
Land;
Marate
4c 'tab id.
Tw» IJlavdt.
By the
1^41. I#and; but farther inwards the Mountains feem a
Dc Caftro. to reach the Clouds.
MARATE is a very low defert Ifland, of a
roundith Shape, about three Leagues from Land,
fixty-fix beyond Mafua , and, in Compafs, a
League and an half. On the South -Weft Side,
facing the Coaft, there is a very good Haven,
fecure from all Winds, efpecially the Eaftern,
made by two long Points, which extend North
by Weft, and South by Eaft, enclofmg a fpaci-
ous Harbour, narrow at the Mouth j where there t
lies a long very flat Ifland, with fome Sand-
Banks and Shoals ; fo that no Sea can get in.
This Port hath two Entries, both very near the
Points. The Channel, on the Eaft Side, lies
North by Weft. The Depth is three Fathom in
the (halloweft Place, and encreafes advancing in
the Port, where, near the Shore, there are four
and five Fathom; the Bottom is muddy. They
rode here all Night.
The twenty-third, departing at Sun-rife, they 1
found feven Fathom, and fandy Ground. At
eleven, they came in Sight of two little Iflands,
far off at Sea ; one called Daratata , the other
Dolkcfallar, from which to Swaken, is a Day’s
Sail. From Noon they failed North- Weft by
Weft, till Evening, when they entered the Chan¬
nel of Siva ken , fleering North-Weft, for the
Space of a League ; when, meeting with Shoals,
they, to avoid them, failed Weft by North,
and fometimes Weft. They held this Courfe a-
bout three Leagues, and then feeing a great Ifland
a-head of them, tacked toward Land ; and, be¬
fore Sun-fet, came to Anchor among rocky
Shoals, in a good Harbour, called Shabak , which
fignifies, in Arabic , a Net. This Day the Pilot
found the Latitude, by the Meridian Altitude,
to be fcarce nineteen Degrees.
The Shoals of Swaken are fo many, and odd¬
ly intermixed with Iflands, Banks, Rocks, and
Channels, that there is no defcribing them. At
the Entrance among them, to the Right, there
is a Shoal under Water, on which the Sea break-
eth much ; and to the Left a little Ifland, that
ftretcheth with the Shoal, North -Eaft by Eaft,
4nd South-Weft by South. The Diftance is a-
bout three Quarters of a League.
f<Xie Channel, Being entered, the Channel appeareth very
fpacious; and, the farther you advance, the
more numerous the Iflands appear to the Right,
or Seaward. They are very low, and with the
Flats and Banks of Sand or Rocks, are without
Number: But thofe towards Land are not fo
many ; though, in Comparifon of any other Sea,
it is the foulcft, and moft unnavigable. The
Rule for failing through thefe Shoals, is to keep
ii 5
1541.
De Caftro .
Ch«„el~
‘es t>f
Ton Sha-
fcak.
fibtah of
-Swaken.
* This
Note e. /
is not unlikely ;
14 2.
PoRTUGUEZE.
as near thofe to the Right as may be. The Breadth
of the Channel, in fome Places, is about half a
League ; in others, a quarter ; and, in others,
lefs than a Caliver Shot. From the Entrance to
the Port of Shabak , which is about five Leagues,
they never found lefs than fix Fathom W ater,
or more than twelve. The Extent of thefe Shoals
may be eight or nine Leagues, and then you pafs
into another Channel, furer for Ships and great
VeiTels : Or you may leave all thefe Shoals to the
Right, failing clofe to the Shore ; and this is by
much the fceft and moft pieafant Way.
The twenty-fourth, at Sun- rife, they leftT'T
Shabak , and rowed along fo narrow a
that two could not go a-breaft; the wideft Part’
being not above a Crofs-bow (hot, over. They
never went nearer Land than the fame Diftance,
nor more than Cannon-fhot from it. All the
Shoals, Rocks, and Banks, which furrounded
them, were under Water, yet eafily difeovered
by the Colour of the Sea, which over them ap¬
peared either very red or very green ; but dark
or blackifh, where the Channel was deep and
open.
Half an Hour paft eleven, they eaft Anchor ObfervatU*
to Leeward of a little, low, round Ifland, four0-/ tU
Leagues from Shabak, in nineteen Degrees. In
this Latitude Ptolemy placeth the Mountain of
Satyrs, which the Pilots of the Country knew
nothing of : But Don John walking about two
Miles from the Coaft, found various Kinds of
Beafts, and vaft Flocks of Pianets, whole Foot-
fteps covered all the Plain to the Sea-fide. And
this he fuppofeth gave Occafion to the table of
the Satyrs inhabiting thofe Hills a. From Sha¬
bak hither, the Depth is never lefs than two Fa¬
thoms and a half, or more than eleven. The
Tides here rife not above half a Yard ; and it
begins to flow as loon as the Sun afeends the
Horizon, after the Manner of the Tide at Soka-
The tvventy-fixth, at Sun-rife, they left the More
Ifland, rowing along a Shoal 6f Rocks to the
Left, that ran almoft parallel to the Coaft ; the
Space between being lull of Shoals and Banks ;
but to the Right of them the Sea appeared quite
open and free. At nine they eaft Anchor at a
little Ifland, encompafled with many Flats and
Shoals, where was a good Haven, a League and
half diftant from the former, and ftiort of Siva -
^ hen five Leagues.
The twenty-feventh, they departed before
Sun-fet, and, two Hours within Night, came to
an Anchor a League and a half beyond, in twen¬
ty-eight Fathom Water.
The twenty-eighth, at Day-break, they hoiftJJj^
but it docs cot prove the Mountain of Satyrs to be here, fox the Reafons given in
Q.Z
and
1 1 6
Voyages to the East Indies.
1541,
De Caftro.
and fail ; and at nine of the Clock came to an 5
Anchor about two Leagues from the Land, in
'twenty-three Fathom Water, on a foft Sand,
like Ouze. In the Way, they perceived fome
Shoals out at Sea, by the Water appearing very
green or red. Two Hours after Noon, they fet
fail again, and at Night caft Anchor in thirty-
feven Fathom Water, the Bottom Sand, hard by
an Ifland, a League and half fhort of Swaken.
The Coaft bears North North-Weft, and South
South-Eaft ; along it runs a Shoal that entreth
into the Sea, near half a League. The Land
upon the Sea-fide is like the former.
The firft of March, fetting forward, they
doubled a Point made by the Shoal ; and entring
by the Channel inward, came to Anchor in the
Port of Swaken.
City of $w£- SWAKEN % at prefent, is one of the rich-
ten, eft Cities in the Eaft, {landing on the Coaft of
Tint liar
hour.
the Abejhi. It equals, if not exceeds, the mod
eminent Places in Goodnefs and Security of the <
Port ; Facility in lading and unlading Ships,
Trafic with remote Countries b ; Strength, and
advantageous Situation of the Town.
The Harbour is (heltered by Nature from all
Winds, and the Water fo fmooth and ftill, that
the Tides are fcarce perceptible. It is able to
contain 20oShips, and Galleys without Number !
The Road hath in all Places five or fix Fathom,
and in fome feven. The Bottom is Mud and
may be feen, except where it is ten or twelve 1
Fathom deep. The Ships come up clofe to the
Shore, quite round the City, and may be laden
by laying a Plank from them to the Merchants
Warehoufes ; to the Doors of which the Gal¬
leys are fattened, with their Beaks ftretching over
the Streets, which ferve as Bridges.
A s for Commerce, the Author knew no City
that could compare with it but Lisbon : For it
traded to both Peninfulas of the Indies, particu¬
larly Kambaya, Tanafarin, Pegu , and Mdlaka,
within the Arabic Gulph, to jfuda , [or Juddah ]
Kctiro , and Alexandria ; behdes what it carried
on with Ethiopia , and the Land of the Abejhi ,
from whence it had vaft Quantities of Gold and
Ivory. ..
h, Strength For Strength, the City feems naturally well
. mdSitua- fecured, by the many Shoals, Iflands, Rocks,
*,H' Sand-banks, and intricate Channels, that lie for
fixteen Leagues about it; which makes the Ap¬
proach by Sea very dangerous and terrible to Na¬
vigators: Yet the Inhabitants have not taken the
lefs Care to defend it by Art. The Situation
of this City is in this Manner. In the midft of
a circular Nook Hands a flat Ifland, almoft per¬
fectly round, and level with the Wafer, about a 1541.
Mile in Compafs. In this Space there is not a De Caftro.
Foot of Ground, but what is taken up with ' v— J
Houfes ; fo that all the Ifland is a City, and all
the City an Ifland. This is Swaken.
On the Eaft South-Eaft, and South-Weft, \t$TbeRoad
Diftance from Land is not over a Bow-fhot.-^r 'Is'
The Road lies round about the City, to the Dif¬
tance of a great Crofs-bow-fhot ; having every
where fix or feven Fathom Water : So that Ships
may caft Anchor at Pleafure, in a mud Bottom.
This Road is encompaffed with a great Shoal,
and that by others, which renders it almoft in-
acceflible by Sea.
In the Nook, on the North -Weft Side, lie other Channel ari
three Iflands :Two of them which {land fartheftin,7'^
are but fmall ; but the third next the Channel,
is about as large as the City. Between this Ifland
and the Coaft, on the North Side of the Nook,
runs a great and long Channel ; where a nume-
: rous Fleet may ride in feven Fathom Water, out
of all Danger of being hurt or feen from the
City, except their Mails. At Sun-rife it is full
Sea, and gradually ebbs, till that Star comes to the
Meridian, when it is dead low Water: After that
the Tide begins to rife, and at Sun-fet is full in.
At this Time theWater does not rife in the City,
above one Quarter of a Yard ; and along the Coaft,
the mod that it rifeth, is a Yard and half, and,
in fome high Places, lefs than three Quarters: But
I when the Author made this Obfervation, they ,
were neap Tides,
SECT. IV.
It; gnat
‘Trrde.
A TVhirlwiud. Sea full of Shoals and Rocks. The
Tide. Ports Dradate, Doroo, Fufhaa, Arekea,
Salaka, Farate, Kilfit, Ras al Dwaer, Rascal
Jidid. Thunder and Hail. Numerous Shoals.
THE nineteenth of March, before Sun-fet, Ttjey leave
they left Swaken , and anchored at theSwaken«-
Mouth of the Channel. The tenth, they de¬
parted : They lay all Night at Anchor, when a
furprifing Quantity of Dew fell.
The eleventh they had a Storm from xbeJPbirhwivi.
North, which carried up the Sand of the Shore
to a great Height, and then fcatterin^ it through
the Air, made it appear like a great Milt or Smoke.
The twelfth, they patted out of the Channel, SeafuHtf
' two Leagues beyond Swaken, being about a League Shoals.
and a half from the Coaft ; but met with fo ma¬
ny Rocks, Shoals, and Flats, whereon the Sea
broke violently, that they were forced to take in
their Sails, and row for three Hours, till they
got clear of them. In the Evening they came
a The Portuguese write Suaquen, to which Swaken anfwers in Engli/b Characters. The Autaor fuppofes it
lo be the Port Afpi of Ptolemy. » Since the Turkijh Conquefts Mokka and other Places have greater Trade.
£©
By the Portuguez e.
117
to Anchor within the Bank, entring a very nar- a Sun.rifmg they «n« up with a very long and W
Ce Caftro. row Channel, one League beyond the formei,
and three from Swakcn. It is great and fpacious
within; the Ground very clean, nor can the Sv.a
enter and do any Hurt.
TP h e thirteenth, an Hour before Day, they
palled out of the Channel, and faw to the Right
Picks and
Batiks.
fair Point; behind which, is the Bay of Dor 00. DeCaflro.
DOROO, is a very fair and great Bay,
teen Leagues and a halt beyond bwaken. Un tne Ba^
South Side, it thrufteth a very large and bare
Point into the Sea, where there is built a great
and round
Tower,
refembling a Pillar*. The
KaTannon dteK Tv^ng Ran|e Bay is full of Hands Creeks and Nooks whero
Shoals which feemed to bear the fame Courfe many V eflels may taker Shelter unperceived . T
with the Coaft. At eleven the Wind fcanted, b Mouth is doled up all round, with a dry Shoal
and, blowing from the North North- Weft, that
they could not make any Way, they weie for¬
ced to fallen their Veflels to the Rocks : But, a-
bout two in the Afternoon, the Wind fpringing
brifker at North North -Ealf, they bore North-
lying about a Mile off at Sea ; only, oppofite to
the Cape, it leaves a narrow Entry, in which is
found fix Fathom Water ; and, advancing gra¬
dually, the Depth diminilhes till you come into
three Fathoms, which is the lhalloweft : The
2,t iNOrtn IN Oilll -JL4.il, lucy uuiv* 1 _ * ^ j . p r •
Weft; and, coming up with the Bank of the Ground is a very hard Clay, and the Courfe into
Land took in their Sails, and rowed into a very it Eaft by North : A Cannon Shot from . *
narrow and winding Channel, harbouring with- Bay is a Well with Plenty ot Water, but very
in the Bank. It is about feven Leagues beyond brackiln
Tie 'Tides,
Shaken, from whence the Coaft bears North
and South, and North by Weft, and South by
F>,ft.
The fifteenth, Don John went alhore, and ob-
ferved, that when the Sun was two Hours above
the Horizon, it was full Sea, and at two,
after Noon, low Water : The Quantity which
the Tide rofe was twenty-two Cubits.
The fifteenth, they left the Channel, the
Wind at North, and, half a League beyond, call
The twenty-fecond, at Day-break, they de¬
parted with their Oars, and palling fafely through
the Rocks, with which the Sea was full, to¬
wards ten c’Clock made their Ships faft to foine
of them; and, about Evening, doubling a low
Point of Land, came into a very fpacious Ba y,g? *u
called Fujhaa b, three Leagues and a half beyond
Dcroo. The Coaft between lies North and South,
inclining a little to the Weft and Eaft.
FUSHAA Bay is remarkable for a high and
Wind nt lNortn, ana, nair a utv x ^ r
Anchor. The feventeenth, they put into a very d (harp Pike ; the Latitude is twenty Degrees fifteen
AULIIU‘. .. . _ ? 1 r -r r J ti/t- 10 mcirlf* hv two verv OW
Dradate fine 2 ood Harbour, called Dradate , ten Leagues from
•> “ ^ AT .1 - _ fl. L 1 in rv
Pert
Excellent
Watering.
Szvaken ; the Coaft between lying North by
Weft, and South by Eaft : The Land near the
Shore is all very low ; but, three Leagues with¬
in, there are very great and high Mountains.
FRA DATE juftly merits to' he ranked among
the mod eminent Ports ; it lies in the Altitude of
nineteen Degrees, fifty Minutes. The Entry
hath, in Breadth, about a fmall Falcon Shot,
but within, runs gradually narrowing; yet the e
Depth of Water all the Way is twenty Fathom,
the Ground Ouze. About a quarter of a League
inwards there are feveral Wells, affording the
beft and greateft Quantity of Water known in
all thefe Coafts.
The nineteenth, they failed about three
Leagues and a half in Sight of many Shoals; the
Coaft ftretched North and South. The twenti- f
Minutes ; the Mouth is made by two very low
Points, lying North by Eaft, and South by Weft,
a League and a half afunder. As no great Sea
enters, there is a good Harbour, with an ouzy
Bottom. At the Mouth there are ten and twelve
Fathom Water; the. Depth inward diminiftiing.
till it comes to five Fathom. There is no Water
here, and the Land is very dry and barren,. Along
the South Coaft of the Bay there lie nine, little
Elands in a Row, and others fcattcred elfewhere;
all fmall, low, and compaffed with Shoals,
The twenty-fifth, coafting the Land in Sight
of many Rocks on the Right, at ten o’Clock
they entered a. very capacious Harbour, called
Arekea, four Leagues from Fujhaa ; the Coaft
running North and South, a little inclining to
the Weft and Eaft.
Coaft ftretched North and soutn. 1 ne twenti- r AREKEA is the ftrongeft and moft de ence- Ar^keaH-
eth at Sun-rifing, the Sea being ruffled with a able Haven that the Author had teen.
North Wind, they were forced to feek Harbour two Leagues beyond Swaker, «. In the M.dfl r of
within the Shoal, entring by a very narrow and the Entry lies an Bland about a Crofs-bow-ihot
troublefome Channel : Afte/ thev had call An- in Length, and near the fame m Breadth On
trouDieiome vmd _ . _ J , ^ the South Side there runs out a Shoal and Bank
from the Land, which hinders a Paffage that
Way. The Channel on the North Side is a
Crofs-bow-ihot over, and fifteen Fathom deep,
chor, the Wind came North North- Eaft. The
twenty-firft, they departed with a fair Weft
North-Weft Wind, and failed North, within
half a League of the Shore. An Hour after
a The Author fays, this is the Point which Ptolemy calls the Promontory of Diogenes.
c Don John fuppofes it to be the DioJIeuron of Ptolemy.
b In Purchas Fnxaa ,
run-
1 1 £ V OVA G E s fo the
1541. running North-Weft and South-Eaft, the Length a
De Caftro. of a Caliver Shot. It muft be failed in the
Middle, for the Sides are {hallow, and full of
Rocks. Being pafled through this Channel, the
Coaft winds on both Sides, and widens, forming
a large and fafe Port, one League in Length,
and half in Breadth. ’Tis deep in the Middle,
but near the Land is full of Shoals : There is no
Water in this Place. When the Pike bears
Weft South -Weft, you are then up with the
Port. From hence De Gama ferit all the Fleet t
back to Mafua , except fifteen fmall Galleys,
with which he continued his Voyage.
S^ilaka Port. The thirtieth, they left Arekea at Noon, and
came to Anchor, four Leagues farther, in the
Port' of Salaka , twenty-fix Leagues beyond Swd-
ken ; the Coaft bearing North and South, inclin¬
ing fomewhat to the Weft and Eaft. It is ob-
fervable that, to Arekea , the Land along the
Coaft is very low and flat as far as the Mountains
within Land ; but thenceforward, the Space be- (
tween the Mountains and Shore is full of Hil¬
locks and Eminences.
The thirty-firft, they departed, and failing
about feventeen Leagues, an Hour before Sun-fet,
faftened themfelves to a Shoal ; which is a League
from the Shore, and forty-three beyond Swaken.
HasalDwa- From Salaka, the Coaft begins to wind very
cr* much, and, for a League beyond Ras al Dwaer ,
runs very low to the North North-Eaft, and at
length makes a Point of Land ; where there are <
thirteen little Heaps or Elevations of Stone,
which the Moorijh Pilots Laid were Graves.
And from this Point of the Calines a, about two
Leagues, the Coaft runneth North North-Weft;
ivnd thence, as far as the Shoal where they an¬
chored. It is the moft noted Toint through all ,
this Coaft, becaufe all that fail from Mafua ,
Swaken , and other Places, to Juda [or Juddah ]
Alkofsir and Ter, muft of Necefflty fetch it up.
The Sea, for thefe feventeen Leagues, is fo full
of Rocks and Shoals, that it feemed to the Au¬
thor fitter for wading through, than palling even
Dangerous Boats : Infomucb, that no Directions can be
Sailing. given for Sailing hereabouts ; but all muft be left
entirely to Chance, and the Care of a fkilful Pilot.
Between Salaka and Ras al Dwaer there
are three Iflands, forming a Triangle; nearer the
latter Place of the two. The biggeft of them,
named Magarzawn , is about two Leagues in
Length. It is very high Land, and without
Water ; lying three Leagues to the South of Ras
al Dwaer. The fecond Bland, called Almante ,
East In i e s
which lies much out at Sea, is likewife high, and
vvi thou r Water ; but the third is very low, and DeCaftro.
all of Sand, four Leagues from Salaka. *v— *
The fecond of April , an Hour before Day, R,ver Fa*
they loofed from the Shoal, and, having rowedrate’
along the Coaft four Leagues came to Far ate ,
a very large and fair River. On each Side of the
Channel, (which runs from Weft to Eaft, in
twenty-one Degrees forty Minutes Latitude) is a
low Point of Land, diftant from each other a
Caliver Shot; and from each Point runs a Shoal,
and between the two is the Entrance into the
River. The Water there has thirty Fathom
Depth, and thence diminifties to eighteen. The
Land on each Side is very low, and without
either Bufli or Tree to be feen. Sailing a League
farther, they came to Kilfit.
KILFIT is a fair Harbour, fecure from all*plfit Haro,
Winds, with twelve Fathom Water every where. our'
There are at the Entry two very low Points,
bearing North-Weft by North, and mutually
diftant near a Mile. The Circumference of the
whole Port may be three Leagues. Along the
Shore the Coaft is rocky, between this Port and
the River of Farate , there crofleth a Range of
Mountains, one higher than the reft.
The third of April, they departed one Hour Ras aljidh*
before Day, rowing along the Coaft ; and, hav-r
ing advanced nine Leagues, an Hour before Sun-
fet, came to Anchor in Port Ras al Jidid b, that
| Is, in Arabic , the new Head. In the Way they
faw fome Shoals to the Right, but not fo many
as they ufed to do.
Two Leagues from Kilfit there is a very good
Harbour, called Moamaa. And prefently, from
this Point of the Shrubs , unto another very long
: Point of Sand, about two Leagues before [or on
this Side of] the Port of Ras al Jidid, the Coaft
lies North by Weft, and South by Eaft; the
Diftance is about three Leagues and a half c.
RAS AL JIDID d is a fmall, but very
pleafant. Harbour, about two Miles in Compafs,
fifty-feven Leagues beyond Swaken. It is fhaped
like a great Cauldron, and round as the Arch of
a Circle. The Entry is formed by two Points,
which lie North and South of each other, and
has eighteen Fathom Water: Within there are
thirteen. The Ground is very clean ; and the
Port fubjeeft to Ruffles from no Wind but the
Eaft. Half a League within Land, there is a
f Well of very brackilh Water.
It is very remarkable, that none of the Rivers Hiverswitb^
or Harbours along this Coaft have any Bar
a Meaning, we fuppofe, the fandy Point near Ras al Dwaer, or Ras el Doacr, as in Purchas. This Para¬
graph is very obfeure, and feems to want fomething, perhaps, omitted between its two Abridgers. b In
Pur A o.s Rajt/gld. Ras, which fignifies the Head, is ufed alfo to exprefs a Cape, or Head Land ; fo that Ras
al Jidid may fignify the New Cape. c This Paragraph is likewife very obfeurely worded, if not imperfect.
^ ^urc^a-d here, and often afterwards, the Name is Igidid ; whence we conclude it might have been written
A Gid:df or el Gidid, in the Original.
Bank
By the Portugueze.
1^4.1. Bank at ihe Entrance; but, on the contrary,
De Caftro. they are commonly deeper at the Mouth than
within. In this Port Don John faw Trees,
Sin of Cork wj10fe Xrunk and Branches refembled thofe of
rfift _ ^
the Cork Tree, being covered with a Kind of
Bark or Cork : In all other Refpedfs they differ¬
ed ; for the Leaves were very large, thick, and
green, and croffed with very large Veins. The
Bud refembled the Mallows, for the Trees were
then in F'lower, only this was very white, and
when it blooms is like the white Cockle. If you
cut a Bough or Leaf of this Tree, Milk ftreams
out as from the Teat of a Goat. Within Land
there grow fome Caper, whofe Leaves are eaten by
Ho other on the Moors. In all this Coaft he faw no other
thtCoiJi. Xrees, except a Grove, a little beyond Mafua ,
in rnarfhy Grounds, near the Sea Side : They
are faid to be appropriated to the Joints.
Thunder and The fourth, from Sun-rifing till eleven
Hail. o’Clock, they had a Storm at North -Weft, and
then it began to thunder very hard, and hailed
with the biggeft Drops the Author ever faw:
During thefe Thunders, the Vv ind ran through
all the Points of the Compafs, and at laft fettled
V* nation . North. This Day Don John found the Varia¬
tion one Degree and a quarter to the North-Eaff,
and the Port in twenty-two Degrees of Latitude,
by many Obverfations. But he takes Notice, that
notwirhftanding thofe Operations were performed
aftiore, and fo great Care was taken to fix the
Inftrument, that it was never ftirred after it was
once placed, till the Whole was over; yet that
they muft needs have erred fomewhat, becaufe the
intenfe Heat of the Sun had cracked the Ivory
Plate in the Middle, and made a Slit wide enough
to thruft in a Portegne of Gold.
The fixth, an Hour before Day, they left the
Port of Jidid ; and proceeded all this Day but
about three Leagues and half.
The feventh, in the Morning, having a brifik
Wind at North- Well:, they rowed along the
Shore about three Leagues ; and at eight of the
Clock, fattened themfelves to a rocky Shoal, that
lieth before a very long Point [of Land a :] About
Noon they fet Sail, but in no frnall Apprehenfion,
by Reafon of the furprifing Number of Shelfs
that appeared on both Sides ; fo that they were
forced to take in their Sails, and make Ufe of the
Oars again. At Sun-fet they came to an Anchor
in a good Haven, called Komoly eleven Leagues
from Ras al Jidid.
SECT. V.
Quality of the Sea and Ccajls. Ports of Komol,
Shaab al Yadayn, Sial, Gadenauhi, Sharrn al
Kiman, Shawna, Gualibo : Capes Ras al Na-
fhef, Ras al Anf : IJlands Zamorjete, Kornaka,
Swarit, Konnaka, Bahuto. Remarkable Rock .
Frolickfome and fiery Winds. The firfi Trees on
the Coajl.
n9
1 54 r .
De Caftro.
T
W O Leagues beyond al Jidid is a Point of Coajfe
Land, from which to the long flat Point Komdf,
Shoals nu¬
merous.
above-mentioned, are about four Leagues North -
Weft : Between thefe two Points, there is a great
and famous Bay, in which, toward the North-
Weft Point, is a very deep and clofe Harbour, fe-
cure againft all Winds. This Point is an Ifland :
And from hence, to another great Point, at Komol
may be five Leagues North-Weft by Weft, mak¬
ing another great Bay between them : At this
c Point, which is low and flat, the great Adountains
ranging along this Coaft, do end 1*.
As for the Land, from al Jidid , till within Bordered
half a League of the Port of Komof the Coaft with Hitts.
rifes in little Hills clofe together ; and behind them
within a League Diftance from the Shore, are
very great and high Mountains rifing in Points:
Which, as theyadvance, approach nearer theSea,
till at length they join it ; and then continue their
Courfe by the Shore, till within half a League of
d the Port of Komol.
KOMOL is fixty-eight Leagues beyond Swa- Komol
ken , in twenty-two Degrees thirty Minutes Lati -Port.
tude. This Port ftands in the End of this fecond
Bay, very near the Face of the North-Weft
Point. Though frnall, ’tis very fecure ; for the
Entrance is guarded with a dry Shoal before it,
that keeps out the Sea. The Land furrounding it
is flat and pleafant, inhabited by Badwis c, a nu¬
merous People, much like the wild Arabs.
e Three Hours after Midnight, leaving the! Smbarrafei
Port of Komol , they rowed along the Coaft a littleWi/i s boats.
while, and then hoitted Sail : But an Hour be¬
fore Day-light, feme Foifts ftriking upon Rocks
anft Shoals, they lowered their Sails, and fell to
their Oars again, till Morning. The eighth, at
Day-break, they came into a great and fair Bay,
of which, toward the North and North-Weft
Side, they faw no End, or any Point to bound
it : And although they failed in open Sea, the
f Shoals on every Side were fo numerous, that with
a This Point the Author is pofitive muft 'be the Ifland Starta of Ptolemy , from its Latitude, and local Situa¬
tion. b Don John for this Reafon, takes the Point to be the Promontory of Prionoto, in Ptolemy' s third
Tabic of Africa. c In the Copy, Baduis, which in the Portugueze Orthography, anfwers pretty nearly xg
Badris, which is the Arabic Word agreeable to the Englifh Characters : It iignifies People of the Defcrt ; and A
the Name by which the Arabs , who live in Tents, are diftinguiihed from thofe who dwell in Towns.
tacking,
120
Voyages to the East Indies
1541.
De Caftro.
Shaab al
Yadayn.
Ras al Na-
fhef.
tacking, and wandering to find the W a1:, they a
could make but little Advantage of a bride Gale.
About Sun-fet, they fattened themfelves to the
Rocks of a great Shelf, and there harboured.
The ninth, being clear, they let Sail, and
took Harbour within another great dry Shelf, ex¬
tending North-Eaft by Eaft, called in Arabic,
Shaab al Tadayn a, which fignifies. The Shelf of
the Hands , becaufe it is fhaped like two Arms,
wide open with their Hands. It lies at the End
of a great Bay, far out to Sea. d he Port is on b
the Side towards Land, tour Leagues diftant from
Ras al Najhef Eatt-South-Eaft ; and by the much
winding of the Shell, is Ihut up, and lecuied
againft all Winds.
From the Point of the Cape ot the Mountains,
to another Point beyond it, where there are great
Furze Bulhes, the Coaft runneth North-Weft by
North, the Dittance about three and half, or
four Leagues : From, this laft Point, the Coafts
of the great Bay wind and turn very much; and c
taking a large Sweep, form another great Cape,
called Ras al Najhef b, or The dry Cape, d he
Illand of Zemorjete , (which they faw from the
Shoal off to Sea) is dittant from this Point about
eicrht Leagues towards the Eaft ; and (according
to° the Moor Pilots) is the firft Place from whence
both Coafts may be feen ; But that of Arabia, is
much the farther off. This Bland is very high
and barren, with another very fmall one clofe to
it ^
The tenth, the Sun being up, they fet Sail
North-North-Eaft, the Wind blew frelh, and
the Sea appeared open and navigable : About half
a League from the Point, they thought they faw
a Ship under Sail ; but making toward it, found
it was a white Rock, by which, they were in¬
formed, all Mariners are deceived.
Hence failing North by Eaft, at nine of the
Clock, they came up with an lfiand, called Kor-
naha , and palled between it and the Land, which e
is about a League and half diftant . This Bland
is fmall and barren; it is about half a League in
Compafs, and in Shape refembles a great Lizard,
with its Legs fprawling out, whence noted by
Navigators. It is diftant from Z ermojete, about
fix Leagues North- Weft by Weft.
Susal Anf. HALFanHourpaftten, they were up with a very
•Zemorjete
jjland.
Mttnarkable
Jtaxk.
Sternaka
Jtiand.
lon^ Point of Sand, called Ras al Anf1, that is, I541*
The Cape of the Nofe. It hath no high Land aboutDe Caftro.
it, but a vaft Plain, without Tree or Herb. I11 ^
the very Front of the Point, ftands a great T em-
ple, without any other Building near it. On
every Side of it' is a very clear landy Coaft, in
Manner of a Bay. Ras al Anf is very famous
among Navigators ; for being once paft it, they
reckon all Trouble and Danger over.
Proceeding along the Coaft with a South- Swant
Eaft Wind, at Noon, being about three Leagues J" r *
beyond the Cape, Don John's Pilot found the Lati¬
tude twenty-four Degrees ten Minutes ; whence
Ras al Anf muft lie in twenty-four Degrees d.
Half an Hour before Sun-fet, they pafled by
Shivarit, an Bland two Miles from Shore. It is
a Caliver Shot in Length, and near as much broad.
The Land of it is very low ; and in the Middle,
appeared a large green Bufh. On the Eaft Side,
there is a great Rock, like a little Bland ; and
about a Mile farther, they came to Anchor among
certain Shelves, fome of Sand, others of Rock,
in a Harbour, called in Arabic, Sial , a hundred SialPe/A
and three Leagues beyond Swaken. In thefe
Shelves, they faw a greater Number of Fowl
than they had met with any where before in this
SCcl
From Ras al Nc.ftef, till fo far as the Bland
Shivarit, there may be lixteen or feventeen
Leagues. The Coaft, at firft, winds very much
inward, and then thrufts out a very long Point
of Sand, called Ras al Anf which Point bears
North-Eaft by North of the other, about fix
oreat Leagues diftant. from Ras al Anf, the
Coaft runs directly North-Weft as lar as 6 hwarit,
the Diftance ten or eleven Leagues.
The Sea in this Space, is foul, and full ofKonnaU
Shoals in only three Places : The firft is, to the J *
Eaft of the lfiand Kannaka , where is feen a great
and very fair Shoal, or Ridge of Rocks, above
Water, ftretching a great Way towards the Coaft.
The fecond Place is, the lfiand Shwarit , which
on both Sides hath Shoals and Flats, extending
towards the Coaft, in fuch Manner, that they
feem to quite (hut up the Paffage. 1 he third
Place is Sial, where the Sea is crouded with fuch
infinite Shoals and Flats, that no Part appears free
from them.
a In Purchas, Xaab il Iden. Shaab al Tadayn, fignifies ftridly, the Shdf of the tavo Hands bThe Author
fuppofes it to be the Pentadaailus of Ptolemy, (written PentadaUlos m Purchas) and fey®, he calls the S*at« *<*-
JLte Azathon : but makes no Mention of the lcfTcr. Dr. Pocock, in his late elaborate Map of Egypt, places
PeLdadylum a little to the South of al Kofh-. c In Purchas, fometunes ^nfe, and
!nfet <1 Don John thinks this appears to be the antient Berenice , becaufe Ptolemy places it under tne
Tropic : And Pliny fays, at the Summer Solflice, the Gnomon at Noon, calls no Shadow ; which comes to the
fameThing. Butk may be prefiimed, the Situation, as given by Ptolemy, is merely accidental, relu.ting 10m
the Diftances, by which, he fettled Places, as hath been already obferved ; and Pliny *peaivs from t ic t u ion y
ef Ptolemy : For, in all Probability, al Kafir , hereafter mentioned, is Berenice.
Thk
12 I*
By the Portuguese.
154*-
Pe Caftro.
Ptople of
the CtJji .
Gadenauhi
Fort.
Bahufo
IJlaud.
Sharm al
Kiman.
Freiickfome
4tnd
The Country from Swaken to Ras al Anj. \ s
is inhabited by the Badwis before-mentioned ; fo
is the Country from thence to Suez , (which be¬
longs to Egypt) between the Coaft and Nile.
Don John obferves, that Pomponius Mela , and the
reft of the antient Geographers, call the former
Ethiopians , and the latter, Arabs ; except Ptolemy ,
who gives them the Name of Egyptian Arabs ;
and he thinks Ptolemy's Authority, as the Prince
of Cofmographers, ought to take Place.
The eleventh, leaving Sial , they rowed about
four Leagues North-Weft by North ; and at nine
of the Clock, entered a great Bay, which is call¬
ed Gadsnauhi : The Land over the Sea, leaving
the Shape it had, of a Wall or Trench, becomes
very mountainous ; forming a double Ridge of
Hills, furprifingly clofe.
The Port of Gadenauhi *, is beyond Siuaken ,
one hundred and feven Leagues, and in the Lati¬
tude of twenty-four Degrees forty Minutes. Here
at one of the Clock, after Noon, it was low Wa¬
ter; and full Sea, an Hour after the Moon ap¬
peared above the Horizon : Thence it ebbed till
an Hour after (he had palled the Meridian ; and
then began to flow again till an Hour after that
Planet was fet, which made full Sea.
The Wind blowing from North- Weft, two
or three Hours after Midnight, they departed ;
and in palling between the Shoal, at the North-
Weft Point of the Bay, and the Ifland of Bahuto ,
they ftruck, and ftuck upon the Shoal. But got
clear without Damage, and hit upon the Chan¬
nel ; rowing along the Shore, againft the Wind,
till Day: And, on the twelfth, an Hour after
Sun-rife, anchored in a fmall but very fafe Port,
called in Arabic , Sharm al Kiman , that is, a Cliff,
or Opening of the Mountains. ’Tis a League and
half beyond Gadenauhi, and a hundred and eight
from Swaken , much like the Harbour of Ras al
yidid.
Sailing forward along the Shore, with a
frefh Gale at Eaft-South-Eaft, about Noon, it
blew fo hard, that the Sands were whirled aloft,
and filled the Air like Clouds of Smoke. About
Evening,- the Wind blew in fuch Manner, that
fome Ships of the Fleet feemed to be in a Calm,
while others round them, though but a Stone’s
Throw diftant, had fo (trong a Gale, that they
could not carry any Sail. Prefently after, you
(hould fee the Scene change : The Veflels which
had too much Wind before, would be of a fud-
den becalmed ; and thofe which could not ftir,
for Want of it, would be put in fvvift Motion.
What makes this tfie more ft range, is, that 1541.
it happened when the Ships were all clofe together : De Caflro.
As if the Winds were (porting with them. C/'Y’'VJ
During this Interval, there came fuch hot fiery wtndt.
Flurries from the Eaft and Eaft-North-Eaft, that
they fcorched like Flames of Fire. The Clouds
of Duft that were raifed on Shore, were driven
fometimes to one Place, fometimes to another ;
and often were borne backwards and forwards,
three or four different Wavs by contrary Winds,
1 before they fell into the Sea, over which they
moved at a great Diftance from Land ; where the
W onder had not been fo great.
These Winds began to take them at a Port shawm*,
called Shawna b, and they went on in this fort, (now Fort.
ftriking Sail, now hoifingj fometimes diverted at
that which they faw, at other whiles in Dread
and Fear) till almoftSun-fet : When they entered
into a Port called Gualibo c, that is, the Port of
Trouble having advanced this Day, and Part of
: the Night paft, about thirteen Leagues.
From Gadenauhi , to a Port that is called Sha- o.oji and
kara, (encompafled with a very red Hill) theCoaftPcm.
runneth North- Weft by North, about ten Leagues j
and from this red Hill, to a Point almoft a League
beyond Gualibo , there are about fix Leagues North
North-Weft. In thefe fixteen Leagues, theCoaft
is very free from Shoals, (excepting one, a League
beyond the red Hill, and half a League from Shore)
and is full of many fair Ports, more than the Au~
1 thor could have imagined in fo fhort a Space :
Among them is Shawna, above-mentioned, a very
capacious and noted Harbour ; where, according
to the Report of the Moors, and Inhabitants,
there flood formerly a famous City of the Gentiles d.
Along the Coaft run an infinite Number of huge
Mountains, clofe together, and double like the
former : And beyond them, far within Land,
other lofty Hills rear their Heads.
Among thofe which range the Coaft, are two nefrft
1 more remarkable than any to be met with here ox ‘Frets ma
elfewhere. One of them is very black, and looks
as if it was finged ; the other yellow: And be¬
tween them are certain Heaps of Sand. Beyond the
black Mountain, in a large Plain, there are many
very great and high Trees, with fpreading Tops.
They were the firft which the Author faw, that
feemed domeftic and proper to the Land : For
thofe before-mentioned, a little beyond Mafua%
are of the Kind that grow in Marfhes, and by
f the Sea and Rivers. In like Manner, the Trees at
Ports Sharm al Kiman, and al yidid, are wild,
without either Boughs or Fruit ; and the Leaves
a Perhaps, hVad annanxi. b In Pure has, Xaona . e Perhaps, Kalabon. d Hence the Author
takes it to be Ptolemy's Nekhefia , becaufe lying about the fame Parallel in his Tables; But if Kofsir be Berenice ,
it mull be found a great deal higher on the Coaft, as Dr. Pocock places it.
Vol. I. N°. VI. R feemed
122
Voyages to the East Indies
Gualibo
Pert .
T
1541. Teemed naked and dry. Thefe two Mountains, a
De Caftvo. and Grave, {land about two Leagues before the
Port of Sharm al Kiman.
The Port of Gualibo , which is an hundred and
twenty-two Leagues beyond Swaken, refembles
much, both as to Shape and Entrance, that of
Sharm al Kiman ; only, whereas the Land about
this latter, is mountainous, the Country round
Gualibo , is a vaft Plain. The Entry of this Port,
is between certain Rocks, or Shoals, whereon the
Sea breaketh exceedingly; but the Channel is deep b
and large.
SECT. VI.
Tuna Port. Obfervation there. City of al Kofsir:
Very bad Port ; but nearejl the Nile. Egypt
known only by the Name of Riffa. Ifands Safanj
al Bahr, and Sheduam. Town of Tor, or al
Tur ; fuppofed by the Author to be Elana. St.
Catharine’* Body , and Monajlery there. Place ,
where the Ifraelites pajfed the Red-Sea. c
H E thirteenth of April , after Sun-rife, they
rowed out of the Port of Gualibo. The Wind
blew very ftrong at North-Weft, and made the
Sea {'well much : At ten in the Morning, they
entered a Port, called Tuna , a League and half
beyond the other.
Tuna Port. TUNA is a fmall and foul Harbour, in twenty-
five Degrees thirty Minutes Latitude, one hundred
twenty-three Leagues and half beyond Stuaken.
The Entrance is between certain Rocks ; and with¬
in, the greateft Part of it is occupied with a
Shoal, and Rocks, whereto is owing the Small-
nefs of the Port. On the North Side, there is a
Point of Land, which by its Turning, makes a
good Harbour and Road againft the North- Weft
Wind : The Country about it, is a very barren
Sand. On the North- Weft Side, toward the
Land, there are three piked Mounts of Stone,
made, in Don John’s Opinion, to (hew, that there
is an Haven here. e
the Coefi. One Hour before Sun-fet, they faftened them-
felves to a Shoal, a League beyond Tuna. From
a Point, almoft one League beyond Gualibo , to
another, a League and half beyond this Shoal, the
Coaft bears North North- Weft ; the Diftance
four Leagues.
The fourteenth, after they had rowed about
five Leagues along the Shore, againft both Wind
and Sea, which fwelled much, at Noon they en« 1541.
tered a very fair Bay; and call Anchor at theDeCaftro.
farther End, where it maketh a good Port, about ■— 1 \r— ^
a hundred and twenty-nine Leagues beyond Swa -
ken. The Coaft, in thefe fix Leagues a, bears
North-Weft, and the Land over it, is partly plain,
and partly mountainous.
The fifteenth, having proceeded about feven
Leagues North North-Weft, an Hour and half
after Sun-rife, they came to anchor in the Port
of al Kofsir.
AL KOSSIR b lies from Swaken, a hundred Town oj al¬
and thirty-fix Leagues, and in the Latitude ofKofsir*
twenty -fix Degrees fifteen Minutes, as Don John
found by two Obfervations c. It was feated for¬
merly two Leagues higher on the Coaft ; but for
Want of a Port capable of the great Refort of
Shipping, it was removed higher. There are ftill
fome Remains of the antient Town, which is
called Old al Kofsir d. The new Town is very
fmall. The Houfes look like the Yards Cattle are
kept in, although there is no kind of Cattle in the
Place: They are built of Stone and Clay, or,
fometimes only Sods, covered at Top with Mats,
or the like ; more, as they faid, to keep off the
Sun, than the Rain, which feldom falls.
The Port is the worft on all the Coaft, and Bad Port,
the only Place that wanted Filh, which every
where elfe abound. ’Tis very large, and ex¬
ceeding fubjedl to eafterly Winds. The Ships an¬
chor between the Land and fome fmall Shoals,
whereon the Sea breaks. Near the Town are
three Wells of Water, whereof the People drink,
though fcarce to be diftinguifhed from SeaWater.
The Place isquife encompafled with barren piked
Mountains, fcorched black again with the Sun ;
which, together with the Barrennefs of the Soil,
makes a moll uncomfortable Profpedl : For there
grows no Manner of Herb, Grafs, Bufh, or Tree,
in either the Coaft, the Plains, or Mountains ;
And whatever Ground may lie between the Hills
and the Town, is a barren Sand, intermixed with
Gravel.
The extraordinary Barrennefs of the Place, Neareft to
made Don John curious to inquire of the moftNile.
underftanding Moors, how they came to pitch on
fuch a miferable Situation to inhabit. The Rea-
fon, they faid, was, becaufe it happened to be the
neareft Port to the River Nile, fifteen or fixteen *
a But five juft before. b Or al Kofir ; and al Koffeyr : Don John writes it Alcocer , which, according to the
Englijk Orthography, is Alkofer. c Dr. Pocock places it fifty Minutes more Southerly in his Map. d Don
John fays, this is the Philottras of Ptolemy : But Dr. Pocock places it two Degrees forty Minutes higher up ;
and it mull be much more Northerly, in cafe al Kofsir be Berenice ; as there is great Reafon to believe, fmee it is
ftill the Port of Kept ( Coptos ) or of Kus near it, both on the Nile, as well as the neareft Port to that River on all
the Coaft, as Berenice was. Dr. Pocock fuppofes Old Kofsir to be the fame with Myos. Itfeems rather, we pre¬
fume, to have been Berenice itfelf. e Don John muft either have miftaken the Moors, or the Tranflatcr
him; for the Diftance is not above three or four Days Journey on Horfeback : When the Antients fay fix or feven
Stages, they are to be confidered as eafy Journeys.
■ Days
By the Portugueze.
1541.
De Caftro.
Ritia.
Days Journey diftant ; and To moftconvenient for a
lodging the Provifions, with which all the Towns
on this Coaft are fupplied by their refpeclive Ships.
Egypt, they faid, was one continued Plain, and
the moft fruitful in the World in Cattle, Horfes,
Camels, and Victuals } that thefe laft were con¬
veyed up Nile , to a Place neareft al Kofsir ; and
thence carried by Land to this Port : But that the
Karawans were often attacked in the Way by the
Badwis , who fometimes aflaulted al Kofsir itfelf ;
which obliged them, for their Security, to build b
their Houfes with Stone, and Earth : They al(o
E|7pt called*®^ the Author, that the Name of Egypt was un¬
known to them : But that all the Country from
al Kofsir , (and a great Way behind) to Alexan -
dria, was called Riff a a.
The eighteenth, in the Morning, they fatten¬
ed themfelves to a Shoal, four Leagues beyond al
Kofsir , and at Noon, fet Sail again. The nine¬
teenth, half an Hour patt eight, being taken with
a Guft from North North-Weft, they put into c
an Ifland, called Safanj al Babr.
SAFA NJ AL BA HR b, that is, a Sea- Sponge,
ftands thirteen Leagues beyond al Kofsir , in the
Latitude of twenty-feven Degrees. It is in Length
about two Leagues, and lefs than a Quarter in
Breadth. The Soil is fandy, producing neither
Trees nor Water. There be two Harbours ; one
on the North Side of the Ifland, the other, on
the South Side. That to the North, is fecure
againft all Weathers. The deepeft Part of the j
Channel is towards the Land, becaufe on the
Ifland-Side there be fome Shoals. In the Mouth
of the great Port, there are certain Shoals above
Water, (of which there is no Danger in the Day¬
time) and a great Rock in the Entrance of the
letter. The Coaft is furprifingly full of Nooks,
Ports, and Harbours.
The twentieth of April , at Sun-fet, they had
(ailed North North-Weft, about fix Leagues be¬
yond Safanj al Babr: From hence there is a e
League and half, North North-Weft, to a fandy
Point} after which, the Coaft, with its Winding,
makes a great Bay, containing many Elands,
Ports and Creeks.
The twenty-firft, by Day, they came up with
Safanj al
Bahr.
Sheduam L
(Land,
123
Sun-rife arrived at the Northern Cape, or Point 1541.
of the Ifland. De Caftro.
SHEDUAMC is very high and craggy, being v— -v— ’
all a hard Rock : It is in Length three Leagues,
and two in Breadth, and beyond al Kofsir , twenty
Leagues. There is no Water in it, nor any kind
of Trees. It is equally diftant from the Coafts
of Egypt and Arabia. Five Leagues towards the
North- Weft, there are three fmaller Elands, very
low, with Shoals between them d.
Leaving the faid Point, withDefign to crofs
over to the Coaft of Arabia , they went on
rowing ; but foon after, the Wind rifing from
South-Eaft, they hoifted Sail, and flood North-
Weft. At eleven in the Morning, they were
with the Land of the Stony Arabia ; and failing
along Shore, two Hours before Sun-fet, came to
Anchor at the Town of Tor, about twelve
Leagues from Sheduam , North by Weft.
TOR e ftands in the Latitude of twenty eight AI T«tV*'-
Degrees ten Minutes f, on a very fair and long tvat,m-
Strand. A Cannon-Ihot before you come to it,
you meet with twelve Palm-Trees clofe by the
Shore ; and from thence inwards, there lies a
Plain extending to the Foot of certain high
Mountains : Which beginning at the Gulf of Or¬
muz, run along the Coaft, bolting over the Sea, to
this Place ; and then turn off to the North-Eaft,
dividing Arabia Petrea, from Arabia Fcelix : On
the Tops of them fome devout Chriftians lead a
retired Life. A little beyond the Town, a
Mountain begins gradually to rife by the Shore,
thrufting a great and high Point into the Sea g.
It feems to thofe in the Port to go no farther,
making Shew of three huge feparate Mountains.
The Town is fmall, but pleafantly feated. It is fffffour.
inhabited by Chrijlians , who fpeak the Arabic ,
and have a Monajlery there of Greek Fryers , of
the Order of Monferat , where is kept the Image
of St. Catharine , of Mount Sinai. Parallel to
the Shore of the Town, there runs a very long
rocky Bank j which makes between it and the
Land, a fmall, but very fafe and quiet Harbour.
The Breadth of the Sea at Tor , is about three
Leagues h. Don John is pofitive this Place mutt:
be the ancient Elana } and denies there is any
fuch Gulf on the Coaft of Arabia , as the Elanotic ,
at the End of which the Ancients place that City,
an Ifland called Sheduam } and rowing along the
Side facing the Coaft of Arabia , an Hour after
* Or al Rif a Name more peculiar to Part of lower Egypt. Rcnaudot, in his Hi dory of the Patriarchs of
Alexandria , p. 457. fays, it is Part of the Maritim Province ; meaning that bordering on the Mediterranean :
But, it feems to belong to all the Maritime Parts. A few trifling Remarks, . which ferve only to (hew how little
Lies lie two Leagues North-Well of Sheduam. Don John took the Latitude of the moft Northern in their Re¬
turn, * Rather 7 Hr, or al Fur. Don John writes it Toro. f If this Obfervation be exaeft, the
great Pcninfula , on which al Tur is fttuate, rnuft be extended too far to the South, in Dr. Pocock' s Map. 8 This
probably is Jebdl T ur, a little to the North in the faid Map, which gives Name to the whole Peninfula.
* This agrees with Dr. Pocock'% Map.
R 2
affirming
124
Voyages to the East Indies
1/54 1, affirming Tor to be feated on a very long and a
De Caftro. ftrait Coaft a.
The Friers informed Don 'John , that Mount
Sr. Cathn- was thirteen fjnall Journeys, which makes
" eighteen Leagues within Land. They believing
that the Portuguese came with a numerous Ar¬
my to take the Body of St. Catharine from them,
feigned that it was carried from hence with great
Solemnity, four Months before in a gilt Chariot
to Kairo , at the Requeft of the Chriflian Inha¬
bitants of that City, and depofited inaMonaftery
there ; becaufe the Arabs frequently allaulted the
Monaftery, did it much Damage, and put the
Friers to great Fear and Expence, to redeem
themfelves from their Infults. But this he learn¬
ed from a Moor , was a Fidtion. T'hey told him
alfo, that many Hermits inhabited the boundary
Mountains before mentioned ; and that in the
Plains, were feveral Ghrijiiari Towns.
¥r, elites. They could not exactly tell where the Ifrae-
f[te$ pafj;_c] the Sea, but faid it mult needs lie be¬
tween Tor and Suez. However, an intelligent
Moor told him the Tradition was, that the Paf- c
fage was at Tor : Where Mufa or Mofes dividing
the Sea, twelve Paths were made, for the Ij'raelites ;
and the Egyptians drowned were 600,000. Don
'John approves this Opinion, thinking if the Paf-
fage had been at Suez , as many hold, the Egyp¬
tians who were Horfe againft Foot, need not ir;4i.
have followed the Ifraelites into the Sea, but might De Caftro.
have gone round the End of the Sea, and over- — v— -
taken them \ for in all Miracles, he fays, there is a
Shew of Reafon.
The fame Moor told him alfo, that none wereiVo vi/uing
fuffered to enter Suez , but thofe appointed by theSuez*
Governor of Kairo , which they call Mefr b, to
keep the Gallies, or to come within two Leagues
of it under Pain of Death : Which agrees with
what the Friers had acquainted him, that fince
Turkijh Galleys had been at Suez , the Road to
Kairo , which lay through that Place, was remo¬
ved two Leagues diftant.
SECT. VII.
The Fleet arrives at Suez. Defcription of it. Ca¬
nals cut by ancient Kings from the Nile. Their
Ufe. Coafls of the Sea. Bay on the Side of
Egypt, fuppojed by the Author to be the Elani-
tic. The Tides , 1 Kinds and Air in this Part of
the Sea.
THE twenty-fecond of April , the Fleet left Depart
Tor in the Morning ; and the twenty-fourthal Tur>-
were in the Latitude of twenty-nine Degrees,
feventeen Minutes.
The twenty-fixth fetting Sail, at eleven of the
=> As this Point is a Matter of great Moment in Geography , it deferves to be examined. It is obfervable, that
Don John allows both Ptolejny and Strabo make the Red-Sea terminate in two large Gulfs ; one towards
Egypt, the other towards Arabia, at the End of which latter they place it : Yet here he rejefts the Authority of
thofe Geographers ; alledging that they had been mifmformed, becaufe Tor was feated on a very long and ftrait
Coaft. He likewife cites Ptolemy, as making the Latitude of Elana twenty-nine Degrees fifteen Minutes : Yet
accounts the Difference between that Situation and the Altitude he found at Tor, of no Significancy here ;
although in former Cafes he held Ptolomy's Tables for infallible. But that Elana is Tor (he fays) farther
appears from hence, that Ptolemy places no Town between Elana, and the City of Heroes (or Suez ) at the End of
X\lz Arabic Gulf ; and that at prefent there is no Habitation betwixt Suez and Tor, nor is the Country capable of be¬
ing inhabited, on account of its Roughnefs, Sterility, and Want of Water. What feems ftill ftranger, is, that
this Author fhould after all, admit of a Gulf of Elana (as will be feen prefently) and yet place it at a great
Diftance, and on the oppofite Side of the Sea, to that on which Elana ftands.— However that be, it is certain, that
not the Antients, but Don John, has been mifinformed about this Matter : For not only the Arab Geographers,
give a particular Account of this Gulf or Bay (as will appear from Abu'lfeda's Defcription of the Red-Sea, which
follows this Journal) but the Certainty of its Exiftence, has been proved by two late Englijh Travellers, Dr.
Sha--w, and Dr. Pocock, as has been already mentioned. See before p. 38. e. This Knot of Errors, which Don.
John fell into, is owing to his not having fufficiently examined the Coaft, on the Side of Arabia : For until the
Fleet came to the Ifland Sheduam, they had failed along the African Shore ; and then leaving the North Part of
the Ifland, paft over to the Coaft of Arabia , for the firft Time: Where it may be prefumed, they fell with the
Land fomewhat to the North of the South-Weft Point of the great Peninfula, which forms the two Gulfs
before mentioned. This Cape is in de P Ife's, as well as Dr. Pocock' s Map, called Cape Mahomte: But ftill, as
that Ifland feems to lie near the Mouth of the Eaftern Gulf in Queftion (the North-End of it, being at leaft
eighteen or twenty Miles more South than the Cape) it is furprizing Don John, and the whole Fleet, fhould
overlook it, as we find (by the former Journal) the Venetian ; who made the Voyage along the Arabian Coaft,
had done before. What Don John fays with regard to Elana, being the fame with Ailan, we ihall not conteft
it} the Similitude of Names, as well as Authority of Strabo, which he alledges among the reft, being very
good Proofs. But we fhall fee prefently, that the Arabs place Aylan at the End of a great Gulf ; and the
Diftance he cites from Strabo, of 1260 Stadia or Furlongs, from Gaza to Aylan, (fuppofing it to be exatt)
is a farther Proof, that Aylan cannot be the fame with Toro. We fhall only obferve farther, that this Author fo
pofitively denying, that there is any fuch Gulf, as the Elanitic, on the Side of Arabia, may poflibly be the Rea¬
fon, why we do not find it exprefled in the Maps of Sanfon, or others, publifhed before de P Ife's. b In
Pun has, Mecara, by Miftake, we fuppofe of the Prcfs for Me para, or Mefara, which comes near Mefr, as the
T urks call it ; and Kairo, is an Italian Corruption of Kahera.
Clock,
By the Por
j - i l Clock, they were dole by the Shore, where they
Tectaro. found all the Fleet. Then rowing a little along the
U—v-^Shore, they caft Anchor, but two Hours before
Sun-fet, they weighed again, the Wind being at
North, and rowed along the Coaft ; and having
gone only one League and half all Hay, bcfoic Sun-
fet put in behind a Point of Arabia (which 'is one
League due Eaft of the North-Weft Point of the
fa id Gulf) where there is good Shelter againftthe
North Winds. This Point is fhort of Suez, three
fm all Leagues ; and about half a League within
Fountain of tjie Land, is the Fountain of Mofes , whofe Wa-
Wofes> ter> they fay, is very pleafant. As foon as they
had caft Anchor, they went on Shore, and faw
the End of the Red-Sea and Mafts of the Turkijh
Ships : They lay at Anchor till it was Day, the
Wind blowing hard at North.
Arrive at The twenty-feventh, the Wind blowing hard
Suez* at North-Weft, at ten of the Clock they depart¬
ed from this Point, rowing along the Coaft ; and
being about one League from Suez, Don John
went before with two Iiaturs to view the Situation
of the Town and Place of Landing. They ar¬
rived at three in the Afternoon, where they faw
many Troops of Horfe in the Field, and in the
Town two great Bands of Soldiers, who fhot at
them feveral T imes from a Block- Houfe.^ The
Turkijh Fleet confifted of forty-one great Galleys,
and nine great Ships. After this, they pafied on
to the Bay, on the Weft Side of the Town ; and
came to Anchor near the Shore in five Fathom
Water, where is a very good Harbour for Ships :
The Ground was a foft and very fmallSand. This
Day at Sun-fet they faw the Moon.
SuezHeroo- SUEZ is, for certain, the City of the Heroes ,
polis* ahd Cleopatra , which fome, as Strabo fays, called
Arfmoe: For it differeth nothing in Latitude and
Situation ; as appears both from Ptolemy a, and
Strabo b, who place that City at the End of the
Arabic Gulf towards Egypt. Pliny , in the fixth
Book of his Natural Hiftory, feemeth to call this
Port, Danao, by Reafon of the Trenches, which
they opened from Nilus to this Sea.
Suez de~ SUEZ c ftands in the Latitude of twenty-nine
fcribed. Degrees, forty-five Minutes j and is the neareft
Port to Kairo in this Sea. From it, acrofs the
IJihmus to Pelufium [now Tina ] at one of the feven
Mouths of Nilus , may be forty Leagues Journey;
r u g v e z t. y ' 12 5
and according to Strabo qoo buriongs. I his is 1^4.1,
the Port, whither Cleopatra , Queen of Egypt y Pe Caftro.
commanded the Ships to be carried by Land from'- — ^
the Nile, after Antony’s Overthrow by Catfar , in
order to fly to India. Likewife, S efojlris living of
Egypt , and Darius of Per fa , undertook to open
a Trench from hence to the Nile , for joining theGrrat C *-
Arabic Gulf to the Mediterranean ; but both left” 7
the Work unfinifhed, fuppofing the latter higher d:
Afterwards, Ptolemy made a T rench of an hun¬
dred Foot broad, and thirty Foot deep : But when
it was almoft compleated, he defifted, either for
fear that the Water of Nile, mixing with that of
the Sea, would become fait ; or as others re¬
port, left Egypt fhould be drowned : The Water
of the Arabic Gulf, having been found by level¬
ling Inftruments, to be three Cubits higher than
the” Land of Egypt ; as is related by Diodorus Sicu¬
lus , Pliny , Pomponius Mela , Strabo , and others.
SIJEZ at prefent is fmall enough ; and Don
John is of Opinion it would have come to nothing
before that Time, if the Turkijh Army had not
lain there. The Situation of it is in this Manner T
In the Front of the Land, at the End of this Sea,"
facing the South, there is opened a Mouth not
very large, by which a Creek, or Arm of the Sea
entering a little within Land, it prefen tly widens
along the Coaft towards the Weft e, till oppo-
fed by a little Mountain, which alone rifeth in
thofe Parts ; from which to the Mouth, and En-
tring of the Creek, (the Creek, and firm Land
remaining on the North Side, the Nook and End
of this Sea on the South Side, and the little
Mountain on the Weft; all the Space that is con¬
tained, is a very long and narrow Tongue, or
Point of Sandf, where Suez is fituated, and the
Galleys and Navy of the Turks lie aground.
In the Town there is a little Caftle ; and wit h-Fonifcau-
out, two high and ancient Towers, Reliques (Dona'f-
John thinksj of the great City of the Heroes :
But on the Point of Sand, where the Creek en¬
ters, there ftandeth a great Bulwark of modern
Work; which defendeth the Mouth of the River,
and likewife fcoureth the Coaft by the Stern of
the Galleys, in cafe any fhould attempt to land
in that Place. Befides, there runs between the
Galleys and the Strand, a Trench, with a Ditch,
which appears like a Hill ; fo that the Place is
a Taut p ITT Of Africa. b Geogr. lib. 17. « In Purchas, Soez } the Arabs write Sntfiz.
d which as Kirchcr obferves [Oedip. Vol. I. p. 66.) is contrary to Hydroftatics This Communication was
actually opened Tout the Year 635” by 4-4 who conquered for Moawiab,
ft fob of Damn feut ; and fhut up again about 140 Years after by Abu j afar al Manfur. It fen ed tor tranq 0 g
the Com fent to Arabia ; and was called al Khalij al Amir al Umenin, the Canal of the Emperor of the
Faithful Which was the Title of the Kbaltfah. • Perhaps it ought to be towards theEaft ; Th.s
perplexed Account ofthePort, delivered in the Author’s Words, is rendered fomewhat moie intelligible, ,)}’
we have inferted : But dees not agree with Dr. /W’s Relation or Map whieh ^ makes the _ Sea
terminate in two Bays, divided by the Point or Tongue of Land, on which Suez ftands l hat to the IN or ft
Weft is very wide at the Mouth, and properly the End of the Sea : I he other to the North-Ea , is n.urow a
the Entrance, and divided by another Tongue of Land into two Ports. ftroiiir
126
I54r- ftrong both by Nature and Art.
DeCaftro. Author, not poffible to land in any Place, ex-
cept behind the Hill on the Weft Side, where
fi£CUl‘ ‘° ^ecure f"rom their Artillery, and by
Means of the Eminence, might take the Town :
But then this Strand is fhoally all along, about a
Bow Shot [from Shore] and the Ground a foft
Clay, and flicking Sand, as the Author found ;
which makes the Landing very incommodious.
Vfeof the The Author was informed, that near the Foun-
■Canak. .tain of Mofes , three Leagues from Suez towards
Tor, there flood formerly a great City, fome
Buildings of which are ft i 11 to be feen, but they
could netted the Name of it ; and that the Trench
made formerly from Kairo to Suez, though filled
lip and defaced, was ftill difcernable to thofe who
travel that Road : Some told him, that the De-
fign of opening this Canal, was not to join the
Red-Sea and Nile , but only to convey the Water
to a City that was there ; that it was fifteen
Leagues, or three eafy Stages, to Kairo , through a
defert fandy Country ; and that, in and about
Suez , it feldom rained : But that when it did, it
continued a long Time ; and that all the Year,
the North Wind blew with great Force.
From Tor to Suez, are twenty-eight Leagues
without any Iilanu, Bank, or Shoal, that may
Coajis of obftrudt Navigation. Departing from Toro
' through the midft of the Channel, you run
about fixteen Leagues North-Weft by North.
Hitherto the Coafts are equidiftant three Leagues :
But, at the End of thefe fixteen or feventeen
Leagues, the Lands begin to clofe in fuch Sort,
that from Coaft to Coaft, the Diftance is about
one League ; and having continued fo for two
Leagues, the Coaft of Egypt thrufts out a very
low and long Point : Then winding deep with¬
in the Land, it runs more than ordinary crooked ;
and having made a very fpacious Bay a, enters the
Sea again on the other Side, with a very great
and high Point, five Leagues diftant from the
firft, North-Weft by North, and three (mall
Leagues fhort of Suez . The Land by the Shore
of this Bay, is very high and rugged, as well as
T.ianitick dry and barren ; and the Bay itfelf fo deep,
liuif. that unlefs you go very near the Shore, you {hall
not have lefs than fifty Fathom W ater : The Bot¬
tom a foft and Sand-like Ouze. This Bay the Au¬
thor holds for certain, to be the Elauitic Gulfb.
Th e Channel in the middle Diftance, from
the End of the fixteen or feventeen Leagues, to 144.1,
the North -Weft Point of the Bay, is eight De Cartro!
Leagues, North North-Weft. Here the Coaftsv/V'NJ
approach each other very near again : For directly
Eaft of this North-Weft Point, there advances
a very long and low Point from the Side of Ara¬
bia , diftant one League or a little more ; and
from thefe Points to Suez , the Coaft on each
Side winds, and makes another Bay, which in
the Middle, bears North by Eall : Being in
Length, little more than two Leagues and half,
and in Breadth, one and an half, where
Sea ends.
With refpedt to the Land along the Coaft Corfs °I A*
of Arabia , a Caliver-fhot beyond Tor, there rifeth 1
very near the Shore a Hill, which for the firft fix
Leagues, appears ftreaked with Red from on^
Side to the other, delightful to behold. Then
continuing its Courfe ten or eleven Leagues more,
it makes a large and high Head : Afterwards
turning off gradually, it forfakes the Coaft till it
comes within a League fhort of Suez, where it
endeth ; leaving a Plain between, which in
fome Places hath a League in Breadth, and in
others nearer to Suez , a League and an half.
By this Hill towards Tor , the Author faw great
Heaps of Sand, reaching to the very Top, and Sanddrivm
loofe Sands driven into the Cliffs and Breaches*'^'
thereof ; although there were no fandy Places be¬
tween the Hill and the Sea: '.Whence he judged
of the great Force and Violence of the crofs
Winds, (or thofe blowing from the Weft,
and Weft North- Weft) on this Part of the
Coaft, that could drive the Sand from the
Sea, to fuch a Diftance and Height. On the Side
of Egypt oppofite to Tor, there run certain great
and high Mountains overlooking the Coaft, which
about feventeen Leagues beyond, open and de-
feend even with the Plain : But prefently rife
again, very high, and keep continually along
the Sea, till they come a League fhort of Suez ,
where they terminate (or turn off c).
Don John having diligently examined the
Flux, and Re-flux of the Tide from Tor to Suez,
found them to be neither greater nor fmaller, <nt ^e%
than they are in other Parts of the Sea d: Whence
(fays he] appeareth the Falfhood of fome Wri¬
ters, who affirm, that Paths were not opened
for the Jews to pafs through it ; but that the
Water ebbed fo much in this Place, as to give the
Voyages to the East Indies
It feemed to the
2 P°int *n another Place, is faid to be twenty Leagues beyond Tor , and fifty-two from al Kofsir. There
is no Sign of this Bay, or the Capes in Dr. Pocock' s Map. b Don John on this Occafion, falls foul again on
the ancient Geographers, for placing the Elauitic Gulf, on the other Side of the Sea, and as it were, to fix the
Blunder upon them, repeats their Words. He is particularly offended with. Ptolemy : That Author (fays he)
evidently afligns the Ela?iitic Gulf, to the Coaft of Arabia, where Tor now ftandeth ; at which (he goes on)
i cannot but wonder every Time I confider, that he was born at Alexandria, a City very near thefe Parts,
where he dwelt and wrote his Geography. All this is only a further Proof, how far the Author’s Overfight
in his Voyage, carried him aftray. c This Account of the Difpofition of the Coaft from Tor to Suez ,
agrees very well with the excellent Map of Egypt, fo often mentioned. d In 1716, on the firft of June
and fecond of the Moon, the Tide went out at the Convent of St. Paul, [almoft oppofite to Tor] 1 10 Paces
from twelve at Night, to fix in the Morning. See Dr. Pocod's Obfervations on Egpyt, p. 128.
3 - If r a elites
154-1*
Pe Caftro.
Port of Clea
i patra
j. Air of the
Am.
By the Po r
lfraelites , who waited for the Recefs of the Tide, a
an Opportunity of palling over dry from one
Shore to the other.
Don John , from the Obfervation he made of
the Coaft of Egypt, concludes it was not pofiible
for the Canals fpoken of before, to be cut from
the Red-Sea jin more than two Places: The firft
at the Opening of the Mountains, feventeen
Leagues beyond the Parallel of Tor, and eleven
from Suez ; the other at the End of the Sea where
Suez (lands. And this laft Place he judges the b
more likely of the two, becaufe there the Land is
very low, the Diftance to A7/^(horter, and withal a
Port is to be found : Whereas there is none befides
in all the Space before-mentioned, which is alfo
wade. Moreover, the Mountains on this Side
of the Sea being all hard Rock, as well as thofe
on the other Side, it would be impoffible to cut
a Paffage through them. For the above Reafons
the Author thinks it manifeft, that Suez was the
Port to which Cleopatra caufed Ships to be carri- c
ed from the Nile, to tranfport her to India.
In this Paffage from Tor to Suez, Don John
made three other Remarks: Firft, that contra¬
ry to what is reported of Egypt , the Heaven was
overcaft with thick and black Clouds. However, he
allows that though the Parts over the Sea may be
fubjedt to Vapours which afcend from it, yet the
inland Parts may, at the fame Time, be ferene
and free from them 5 as is feen at Lisbon , when,
at that Inftant, the Sky is darkened with Mifts, d
and it rains at Sintra, which is but four Leagues
off. Secondly, this Part of the Sea is fubjeft to
violent and fudden Storms : For that when the
North Wind, which moftly reigns there, blows
ever fo little, it makes the Sea run high, and
fwell in a tempeftuous Manner. 1 he Shallow-
nefs of the Gulf, he fays, can be no Caufe of
this : For excepting that near the Egyptian Coaft
is a little (hoaly, all the reft is very deep. Per¬
haps the conftant blowing of the Wind from the e
North Point is the Reafon, that in the Night all
the Way from Toro to Suez , he felt the molt vio¬
lent and piercing Colds, he could remember to
have been feized w'ith : But when the Sun was
up, the Heat was infupportable. 1 hirdly, that
here he faw certain Sea Foams, otherwife called
Evil Waters, the greateft he ever beheld, being
as large as a Target, of a whitifh dun Colour.
They do not pafs below Tor, for beyond that
Place they are very fmall, but numerous; being f
bred in the Sea, about which they fwim.
SECT. VIII.
Fleet leaves Suez. Obfervation at the IJles near
Sheduam, Ports of Azallaihe, Bohafel Soh-
T U G U E Z E. T27
meh. Account of the Badwis. Farate, Maf- 1541.
fua, Dahlak. Name of the Red-Sea. Opinions De Caftro.
of Ancients and Moderns, falfe. True Caufe of **- — *
it. The Name unknown to the Arabs. They re¬
turn to Goa.
TH E twenty-eighth of April, in the Morn- They leave
ing, they departed from Suez, to return to-Suez;
ward Mafua ; and having ran about twenty
Leagues, at Sun-fet, were one League (hort of
a (harp and red Pike, which (lands over the Sea.
At Night they coafted Arabia with their Forefails
only, the Wind blowing hard at North North-
Weft ; and two Hours within Night came to
Anchor near the Shore, in three Fathom Water:
The Sky was very dark, and covered with black
Clouds. The twenty-ninth, in the Morning,
fetting Sail at nine o’Clock, they caft Anchor at
Tor ; but prefently weighed again, and went toTor,
an Haven about a League from thence, called,
the Watering of Suliman ; where they took . in
Water, of which they found Plenty, (digging
Pits in the Sand, a Stone’s Caft from the Sea)
but it was brackifh.
The thirtieth, departing in the Morning,
half an Hour pad ten, they put into the firft of
the three Iflands, which lie two Leagues North-
Weft of Sheduam. Here Don John went afhore Sheduam;
with a Pilot, and found the Latitude by the Sun’s
Meridian Altitude, twenty-feven Degrees, forty
Minutes a.
The firft of May, at Sun-rife, they fet Sail,
and, about Evening, reached a great Bland, two
Leagues in Length, which thruft out a Point
very clofe to the Continent ; and, between it and
Land, there is a very good and fafe Harbour for
all Ships againft all Winds.
The fecond of May, at Sun-fet, they an- Kallain*
chored in the Port of Goelma b, that is, the Port Port,
of Water : For, a little within Land, there is a
dry Brook, which ferves to carry off the Floods,
which, in Winter, defeend from the Mountains;
where, digging a little, you find frefn Water.
Here is a Well a'fo, though not very plentiful.
This Port lies four Leagues to the North North-
Weft of a l Kofsir ; and is only fit for fmall Veffels,
which lie here fecure from the North aud North-
Weft Winds.
rf fj E fourth, they rowed along tire ohore ; Azallaihe.
and, about Sun-fet, came to an Anchor in a Port/*"-
called Azallaihe, two Leagurs beyond Shakara %
to the South -Eaft. This Port is fmall, but very
good, lying between Shakara , and the black Hil¬
lock. They lay all Night at Anchor, the Wind
being at North North-Weft.
BO HALE L SHAME is a deep, fafe, andBohaieJSbh'-
capacious Port, fo called from one Bohalel, an e- meh Port..
» Sun’s Altitude a little lefs than eighty Degrees ; the Declination feventeen Degrees, thirty-fix Minutes.
* Rather Kalldma, or Kalla Ima. f Mentioned before, p. 1 2 1 . V minenf
is8 Voyages /j //^ East Indies
1541. mincnt Badwi (who ufed to fell Cattle to Ships ;
De Caftro. that arrived) and Shame , Land :1 ; as much as to
"V— ^ fay. Bob aid’s Land. Here they found a hand-
fome Tomb, with a Houle, like a little Chapel,
built over it, where an Arab , of Mohammed] s
Kindred, was buried ; who, eroding the Coafts,
ended {his Days here. There hung a Guidon,
or Ancient of Silk, with many Arrows about
the Grave ; and the Walls were garnifhed with
a great Number of Bulls, laid over Strings. At
the Head of the Grave flood a Table with a great
Epitaph thereon ; and, about the Houle, were many
Waters, and very fragrant fmelling Things.
Mohamme-Here the Sharif’s Juda, and great Prelates, gave
dan/Wcw. jn(julgences> and granted Pardons to every one
that fhould vifit this Houfe : But the Offerings
and Reverence which the Portuguese paid it, was
to plunder the Houfe, and afterwards burn it to
the Ground. In this Port, there are many Foot-
fteps of Tigers, wild Goats, and other Beads;
which came to the Sea, as it were, to leek Wa-
ter to drink.
The Badwls. The Author having often mentioned the Bad-
wis b, in this Journal, thinks it therefore, in¬
cumbent on him to give fome Account of them.
Badwi c, in good Arabic , fignifieth a Man who
livethonly by Cattle. Thefe People are properly the
Troglodites Ophiofagi , mentioned by Ptolemy , Pli¬
ny, Pomponius Mela , and other Authors. The
Mountains and Sea Coafts, from Melinda and
Magadoxa , in Africa , round by the Cape of
Guardafui, and the Abejhin Coaft to Suez ; and
round the whole Coal! of Arabia , as far as the
Streights of Ormuz , are inhabited, or rather occu¬
pied by them.
'Their Man- The Badwis are wild Men, amongd whom
*<r5' is no civil Society, no Truth nor Civility : They
worfhip Mohammed , and are very bad Moors [ Mo -
hammedans.] They are given to Stealth and Rapine,
above all other People. They eat raw Fledi, and
drink Milk : Their Habit is mean and filthy.
They are exceeding fwift and nimble. They fight
both on Foot and Horfe-back; their Wea¬
pons are Darts. They are never at Peace with
Always at their Neighbours, but continually at War with
fVar' every Body. Thofe who dwell along the Sea,
from Z eyla to Swaken , fight with the Alcfhi ; 1/^41.
thofe from Swaken to Al Kofslr , with the No- De Caftro.
bi d ; thofe from Al Kofslr to Suez, are at Strife v— -v"-
with the People of Egypt ; and thofe inhabiting
the Coad of Arabia, at War with the Arabs c.
They have no King or great Lord over them,
but are divided into Tribes and Parties, over
each of which there is a Sheykh [or Lord.]
They build no Towns, nor other fixed Habita¬
tion ; their Cudom being to wander from on e^-^f/
Place to another, with their Cattle. They ab¬
hor Laws and Ordinances fo much, that they
will not have the Suits and Differences that arife
amongd them, judged by any Cudom ; but are
content that their Sheykh do determine them as
he lid. Many of them dwell in Caves and Holes,
but the greated Part make Ufe of Tents. Their
Colour is very black ; their Language, the Ara¬
bic. The red of their Cudoms and Ways of Liv¬
ing, are omitted f.
The tenth of May, by Day, they weighed Farate II*r-
Anchor from the Port of Al Jidid^i and an’0' '
Hour before Sun-fet, fadened on a Shoal, about
four Leagues South of Farate, where there is an
excellent Haven ; and fo large, that the End of
it was beyond the Reach of Sight: It lies a] mod
Ead South-Ead, and Wed North-Wed, but is
very crooked and winding.
The two and twentieth, by Day-break, they
were one League fnort of the great Grove, four
Leagues from Mafua h: The Wind was off" the
Land. About nine o’Clock, beginning to blow
frelh, from the North North-Ead, they entered
at Noon, into the Port of Mafua , where they
were received with great Joy and Feading by the
red of the Fleet.
From the Day they arrived at Mafua, tillMaffba.
the fifteenth of June, the Winds blew continu¬
ally at North, North North-Ead, and North
North- Wed; but from thence, to the feventh
of July, they blew at Ead, Ead South-Ead, and
South-Ead, often very furioufly. The lad Day
of June, at Night, they had fuch a violent Storm sS°/m.an*-
from South-Ead, that it drove the Galleons; Jun ir'
which ran great Danger of driking aground.
This Storm being accompanied with much Rain
3 Rather perhaps, Bohalel Shomeh, that is, Bohalel’ % Portion or Lot. b In the Portuguese, Badoies, which,
reduced to the Englijh Orthography, is Badwis. £ Or Badawt, fignifies one who lives in the Field. See
before, p. 59. Note **. In Purchas it is written Badoil, in this Place, and a Diftinttion made, as if Badoies was the
Plural: But it mull be an Error in the Tranllator, or Copifcs: For there is no fuch Word in Arabic, as Badoil \
and Badd-ivi is the Plural of Badawi, differing only by the Addition of the quiefcent Alif which we have
marked with a Circumflex. d Or Nubi, called by us, Nubians. c To underftand this, it mult
be obferved, that the Field Arabs are always at Enmity with thofe who live in Cities ; not that thefe along the
Coafl are a different People from the Arabs within Land, as Don John ; from this Circumftance, feems to coniider
them : For thefe Badwis inhabit the Inlands, as well as the Coafts ; and thofe in Africa are of the fame Race.
f Whether thefe are the Words of Don John ; or of the Tranllator, or Purchas, both of whom abridged this
Journal (in their Way) we cannot determine. 6 The Journal hereabouts feems imperfect, or not regu¬
larly kept; for we are not told, th: he Fleet arrived either at thus Port, or Bohalel Shame. h Here
and feveral Times after, it is wr: / \ .~ua,
and
By the P o R
and dreadful Thunders, there fella Thunder- z
DeCartro. bolt down by the Maftof a Galleon, and raced
it all. Likevvife the fecond of July , they had
another very great Storm from the Eaft, which
unfaftened many Ships, and lafted moft Part of
the Day. From thence, to the feventh, they
had other Storms ; and between that Day and
the ninth, two more : But they were not vio¬
lent.
Dahlak The ninth of July , 1541, one Hour after
Jjhnd. Sun-rife, they fet Sail from Mafua. The ele¬
venth, by Day-break, they were two or three
Leagues (hort of the North Point of Dallaka ,
and between certain flat Iflands, which havefome
Woods, and lie fcattering thereabouts : Where¬
fore they hoifted all their Sails, and went aloof
as much as they could to go between two of
them. The Wind being very fair at North-
Weft, they failed North-Eaft and by North;
and, having doubled a Shoal, came to Anchor.
Two Hours after Noon they fet Sail again, with
a frefh North North-Eaft Wind, along the Ifland
of Dallaka ; and, an Hour before Sun-fet, they
were with an Ifland of Sand, very flat, called
Dor at Melkuna , from which, on all Sides, pro¬
ceeded great Shoals. After Sun-fet they were a
League fhort of the Ifland of Shamoa : Between
which and the Weft Point of Dallaka , facing
the Coaft of the Abejln , is the moft frequented
Channel for Mafua. All the Coaft of Dallaka ,
which they paffed in View of, bore North
North-Weft, and South South-Eaft, and is ex¬
ceeding low.
The eighteenth, by Day-break, they faw the
Mouth of the Streights, being about three Leagues
from it, with all the Armada lying at Hull, and
prefently fet Sail all together.
Don John thinks it requifite here, before he
leaves the Red-Sea , to enquire into the Reafon a
that moved the Ancients to give it that Denomi¬
nation ; and whether it differs in Colour from
other Seas.
Namtof He obferves, that Pliny b mentions feveral O-
Red-Sea. pjn;ons concerning this Name : As firft, that it is
derived from Erythros c, a King who reigned
there, becaufe Erythros , in Greek , fignifies Red.
Others imagined, that the Reflection of the Sun
produceth a reddifh Colour in the Surface of the
Water. Some held that the Sand and Coafts
were red; others, that the Water was naturally
of that Hue. And of thefe Opinions Authors
TUGUEZE. 129
chofe which they liked. The Portugueze , who, 1541.
before this Time, had made Voyages up the De Caftro.
Streights , (though not to the End of the Sea)
affirmed, that the Arabian Shores being very red,
the Duft that was blown off it into the Sea, tinged
the Water with red Streaks.
Don John , who, to difcover the Truth or En-otica-it
Falfhood of thefe Notions, from the Time he left
Sokotora , never ceafed, Day nor Night, to ob-
ferve the Completion of the Water, and the
> Coaft, affirms, that the Sea, far from being na¬
turally red, is of the Colour of other Seas ; and
that the Duft blown from the Coafts, which they
often faw, did not give it that Colour, nor was
capable of doing it : The Land, on both Sides,
being generally very brown, as if fcorched, and
in fome Places black, in others, white ; the Sand*
being of the fame Colours. Indeed, in three
Places, he faw the Mountains ftreaked with Veins
of Red : But then they lay far beyond Swakent
c towards Suez , where the Portugueze never were.
Befides, the three Hills which appear thus, are
of a very hard Rock ; and the adjacent Country
of the ufual Colour.
The Truth is, that this Sea is naturally of th e Coral B*f*
fame Colour, from Beginning to End ; as is de-'5'"*
monftrable, by taking up the Water in different
Parts of it : But then, it muft be confeffed,
that in many Places it feems, by Accident, to
be red, and alfo green and white. The Caufc
d this. From Swaken to al Kof:iry which is 136
Leagues, the Sea is exceeding full of Shoals,
and Shelves of Coral Stone : So called, becaufe in
Growth and Colour they refemble Coral fo ex-
a£Ily, as to deceive thofe who want Skill to dif-
tinguifli between them: For this Stone grows
like a Tree, and in Clufters, fpreading its Branch¬
es, as the Coral doth. There are two Sorts, one
exceeding white, the other very red ; and the
Shoals, which confift of them, are, in fome
e Places, covered with green Ouze, or Slime,
which, in other Parts, is of an Orange-tawny.
Now the Water of this Sea being more tranf- ,<s
parent and clear, efpecially from Swaken upwards, *“"*
than any Water in the World befides ; (fo that
the Bottom may be feen in twenty Fathom deep)
therefore it takes its Colour from the Reflexion
of the Ground over which it flows. For In-
ftance, when the Shoals are covered with the
green Ouze, or Slime, the Water above ap-
f pears of a deeper Green than the Weeds them-
* De Faria, Vol. 2. p. 130. fays, he wrote a Treatife on this Subject. b Hift. Nat. Lib. 6. cap. 23.
c Erythros , by Dr. Hyde, (in his Notes on Peritfol) Dr. Cumberland, (in his Remarks on Sancboniotho) and other
Authors, is fuppofed to be a Tranflation of Edom, the Name of Efau, from whence it is conjedtured this Sea, as
well as Idumea, took its Denomination : But this does not feem probable, for two Reafons, firft, becaufe the
Jen^s do not call it the Red-Sea, but the Sea of Weeds, Yam Suf; and then the Ancients included all the Ocean
"between the Coafts of Arabia and India, under the Name of the Erytbrean , or Red-Sea , of which the P erf at
"Gulf, as well as the Arabic, was reckoned a Branch.
V 0 l. I, N° 6, S
fclvesi
i3°
154- 1-
DeCaftro.
Voyages to the East Indies
felves; and when the Ground of them is only a Table of the Latitudes obferved in the foregoing Abulia.
Proved by
Experiment:
Hero named
in the Eajl.
Sand, then the Sea appears white : But wherefo
ever they were of red Coral, or Coral Stone, co¬
vered wi h red Weeds, there the Sea looked very
red ; and becaufe the Shoals were, for the inoft
Part, of red Coral, and confequently more of
the Sea looked red, than either green or white,
for this Reafon Don John conceives, that it had
the Name of the Red-Sea given it, rather than
that of the green or white.
Don fohn reckons this no fmall Difcovery ;
and the Way he made the Experiment was, by
caufing the Foid to be faftened often upon the
Shoals, where fometimes it would be fo (hallow,
that the Veflel would touch ; and commanded
Divers to fetch up Stones from the Bottom.
Sometimes it happened, that the Sailors could
walk half a League together on the Shoals, the
Water not reaching above their Breads. All or
mod of the Stones they brought up, where the
Sea appeared red, were of red Coral : In the
green Water they found white Coral, covered
with green Weeds ; and when the Surface feem-
ed white, there was a very white Sand beneath,
without any thing elfe, from whence that Colour
might proceed.
The Author, farther to fatisfy himfelf in this
Matter, enquired of the mod underdanding
Moorijh Pilots, and others, curious in fearching
for Antiquities, who dwelt in fome Places of this
Streight [or Gulf] concerning the Name of Red- d
Sea. They feemed greatly to admire at the
Quedion, having never heard of any fuch Name ;
and told him they knew of no other than that
of the Sea of Mekka a. He likewife afked the
Pilots, if they ever faw the Sea dained with the
Dud blown from the Shore, and they anfwered
in the Negative. However in all this Don fohn
fays, he reproves not the Opinion of the Portu¬
guese before-mentioned, but affirms, that having
'Serum to
Goa.
Voyage.
Degr.
Min.
Sokotra — • — ■ —
— ■
12
40
Bab al Mondub * —
—
12
*5
Sorbo Port — — - —
—
15
l7
Shabak Port, fcarce — —
—
J9
00
Bland — — — — ■
—
!9
00
Dradate Port — —
—
19
50
Fujhaa Bay — — —
- —
20
15
Farate River — — —
—
21
40
Ras al Jidid Port f — —
—
22
00
Komol Port — — —
—
22
30
Ras al Anf Cape — —
—
(24
00)
Swarit Ifiand — — •
—
24
10
Gadenauhi Port •— —
—
24
40
Tuna Port — — *—
—
25
30
Al Kofsir * — — —
26
15
Safari] al Bahr Bland —
—
27
00
Ble North-Wed of Sheduam —
■ 27
40
Al Tur Town — —
—
28
10
Suez Town — — —
—
29
45
Note, a * denotes two Obfervations being made at the
Place , and f feveral.
of Kolzum,
or Red -Sea :
commonly
From A-
C H A P. XX.
A Defcription of the Sea
called the Arabic Gulf
bu’lfeda’s Geography.
Previous Remarks.
HIS Defcription was written by Abu'lfe- AbG’lfeda’
da Ifrnael , Prince of Hamah , (the antient Geography,
Epiphania) in Syria. He died in the Year of the
T
Hejrah , 733, of Chrijl, 1332, after he had
reigned twenty- two Years, and lived fixty-one d.
He was much addicted to the Study of Geogra¬
phy and Hidory, as many of the Afiatic Princes
have been, and wrote Books on both thefe Sub¬
made the Voyage through this Sea oftener than e je£Is, which are in great Reputation through the
they, and feen more by one half than they had Ead. His Geography written in 721 (or 1321
done, yet he never faw in the whole, what they of our /Era) confids of Tables of the Latitude and
afiert to have feen in the Part k.
The ninth of Auguji the Fleet failed into
the Harbour of Anchedina c, and dayed there
twelve Days.
The twenty-fird, they embarked in Foids,
and proceeding diredlly to Goa , they failed over
the Bar, and put an End to their Voyage.
Longitude of Places (in Imitation of Ptolemy)
with their Defcriptions, under the Title of Tak-
wim al Bolddn. No fewer than five or fix Tran-
dations have been made of this Work, but by one
Accident or other none of them arrived at the Tra»tlm
Prefs. There is nothing of it publifhed but th e/^.
Tables of Send and Hend (or India) printed in
1 This might be the Cafe among the Pilots, at that Time but among the Arab Geographers, it is alfo called
the Sea of Hcjaz and Taman (a Province of Arabia J alfo the Sea of Kolzom. See Golius, in notis ad Afergani
AJlron. p. 144. b After all, with Don John's Leave, we cannot think he has found out the Caufe of the
Name, efpecially fince the Arabic Gulf, as obferved in Note c, p ■ 1 29. is but a fmall Bay of the Red-Sea : And fince
the Ancients have left us no fatisfattory Account of it, in our Opinion it is in vain to fearch for the Original of
that Appellation. c Anchcdiva. d Greaves has miftaken the Time of his Death, and Length of his Reign,
which he makes but three Years. See Mr. Gagnier s Preface to Abu If eda s Life of Mohammed j and Schulten's to
that of Saladin. *
Theve-
Abu'lfeda,
Weftern
Ctaft.
Thevenot*s French Collefiion of Voyages ; and thofe
of Khowarazm , (or Karazm) ATaward’ Inahr , (or
/ Bokharia ) and Arabia : The two fir ft pub-
lilhed, with a Latin Tranflation, by Dr. Greaves ,
in 1650, and all three by Hudfon , in the third
Volume of, The Lejfer Greek Geographers , in
1712, from whence we have taken this Defcrip-
tion of the Red-Sea: With a View, both to illuf-
trate the two former Journals, and fhew, that
there is fuch a Gulf on the Coaft of Arabia, as the
Antients mention to the End, that Geographers
may not be milled by Don John de Cajlro’s Miltake.
The Words inferted between Parenthefes, are
added, in order to accommodate the Names to
the Englijh Alphabet, or make the Tranflation
more ftri£tly conformable to the Arabic. As to
the Situations, we have thrown them out of the
Text, which they embarrafs, into a Table: But
cannot warrant any of them, in Regard, thofe
which might have been fettled by Obfervation,
are not diftinguifhed from thofe that were not;
which is the Fault of the Oriental Tables of Lon¬
gitude and Latitude in general. The Latitude of
al Kofsir , comes pretty near that found by Don
John de Cafiro: But that of al Kolzom mull err
above one Degree ; and that of Swaken more than
two.
Defcripticn of the Sea al Kolzum a.
The Author begins his Defcription at al Kol¬
zum b, a fmall City at the North End of this Sea ;
which from thence runs Southward, inclining a
little to the Eaft, as far as al Kasir , (or al Kofsir )
the Port of Kus c. Hence it continues itsCourfe
South, bending fomewhat Weft ward about Aidab
( Aydhdb d). Afterwards, it pafles direclly South
to Sawakan ( Swaken J, a fmall City of ( al Sudan ,
or] the [Land of] the Blacks. Thence proceed¬
ing South, it encompafleth the Ifland Dahlak e,
not far from the Weftern Shore: After which,
advancing in the fame Direction, 'it wafhes the
Shores of Ethiopia , (al Habajh) as far as the Cape
Streivhn.-
i>y the Portuguese. 13 1
a ('Mountain) al Mandaby (or al Mondub) at the- Abu IiCd‘ •
Mouth of the Red-Sea , (Bahr al Kolzum) which
here terminates; the Indian Sc a, ( Bahr al Hind)
flowing into it.
The Mountain al Mandab , and Deferts of B.;balMon-
Aden , approach very near, being feparated only dub.
by fo narrow a Streight, that two People may
fee each other a-crofs it. Thefe Streights are
called Bab al Mandab . The Author was inform¬
ed by fome Travellers, that Bab al Mandab lies
b on this Side Aden , a Day and Night’s Sail towards
the North- Weft. The Mountains of Almandab ,
are in the Country of the Blacks, and may be
feen from the Mountains of Aden , at a great Dif-
tance. Thus much as to the Weftern Side of the
Sea : Let us now pafs over to the Eaftern.
The Coaft of the Red-Seay ( Bahr al Kolzum) Eaftern-
runs Northward from Aden ; and thence it pro-
ceeds round the Coaft of al Taman f, till it comes
to the Borders thereof. Thence it runs North
C to Joddah : From Joddah it declines a little to the
Weft, as far as al Jahafah , a Station g of the
People of ( Mefr ) Egypt. Thence advancing North,
and bending a fmall Matter to the Weft, it wafhes
the Coaft of Tanbaah ( Tambod ). Here it turns of?
Northweftward ; and having pafled Madyan, comes
to Aylah . Then it defeends Southward to (Mount)
al Tur h, which thrufting forwards, feparates two
Arms of the Sea : Whence returning to the
North, it pafles on to al Kolzum , (where the De-
d feription began) which is fttuate to the Weft of
Aylah, and in almoft the fame Latitude.
A L KOL Z U My and Aylah, are feated on two $ea erj,
Arms or Tongues of the Sea; between which two Gulfs.
the Land interpofes, running to the South :
Which Land is Mount al Tur, almoft in the fame
Longitude with Aylah. This latter ftands at the
End of the Eaftern Tongue ; and al Kolzum at
the End of the Weftern : So that Aylah lies
more to the Eaft, and al Tur more to the South*
than al Kolzum. Aylah is fttuate on the Front
(fartheft Part] of the f’romontory which extends
a The Author calls the Sea, elfewhere, the Sea of Taman. b Or al Kolzom: It flgnifies The fnuallow-
ing up : And here Abulfeda , in his Defcription of Egypt, fays, Pharaoh was drowned ; and, that the Sea took
its Name from hence. It is, doubtlefs, the antient Clyfma , as the Agreement of Names, . and local Situation
imply. It was in the Road of the Mekka Pilgrims, but is now deftroyed. Dr. Pocock, in his Map, puts Clyfma
about thirteen Minutes more South than Suez. c A Town near the Nile, a little to the South ol Kept , the
ancient Koptos ; which Ihews, al Kofsir mull be the ancient Berenice, as hath been obferved before, p. 122. Note \
d Aydhdb. In this Name the dh is to be pronounced with a Lifp, like the Englijh th in the, them, &c. This
Place, in the Time of al Edrif, about the Year 1150, was a famous Port, and carried on a great Trade.
Both the King of Beja, (or Buja, a Part of Nubia ) and Soltan of Egypt, had Officers there to receive the
Cufloms, which were divided between them. Here alfo was a Ferry to Joddah, the Port of Mekka, which
lies oppofite, the Paflage being a Day and Night’s Sail, and the Sea full of Shoals and Rocks. See Geogra-
phia Nubienfis , p. 44, and 45. Abulfeda, in his Defcription of Egypt, fays, it belonged thereto, and makes it
the Port for the Merchar ts of Taman , and Pilgrims from Egypt to Mekka. e Dallaka, in Don John s
Journal. f The Southern Part of Arabia, commonly called by Europeans, Arabia Felix. g That is one
of the Places where the Pilgrims reft in their Journey to Mekka. h A Mountain near Sway, which alfo
goes by that Name. 1 This feems to contradift what is faid about its Situation immediately before, and
might induce one to think, Aylah and al Tur, or Toro, were the fame; but she Arabic Word here fignines, t e
inmoft Part, or fome Place at the End of the Tongue of Sea, not ot the Cape.
S 2
into
I32
1545- into the Sea.
Voyages to the
Between al Tur and the Coaft of a
Feninfula
Tur.
De'Caftro. ( Mefr) Egypt , the Sea paffes, namely, that
Tongue of the Sea on the outmoft Part * (or
Shore) of which al Kolzum ftands. In like Man¬
ner between al Tur , and Hejdz , the Sea runs ;
that is, the Tongue (of Water) on whofe out¬
moft Part (or Shore) Aylab is fituate.
of From (Mount) a/ Tur , to either of the oppo-
fite Coafts, the Diftance is fmall by Sea ; but
longer about by the Defert of Faktyah : Becaufe
thofe who travel from al Tur to Egypt , are un¬
der a Neceflity of going round by al Kolzum ;
and thofe who would go from thence to al Hejdz ,
mull pafs without Aylab. Al Tur , on the North,
joins to the Continent ; but its other three Sides
are wafhed by the Sea. The Sea of al Kolzum ,
after palling a little towards the South-Eaft be¬
gins to widen on either Side, till at length it be¬
comes feventy b Miles broad. This wider Part is
called Barkah al Gorandal.
Kolzum
Tablh of Situations.
Lat.
— — — 28 20
by fome — —
— — — 26
- — — 21
— — 14
— — 19
— — 21
— — 22
— — 26
Al Kofsir
Aydhab «—
Swaken — ■
Dahlak —
Aden — —
Borders of Taman
Joddah —
Jahafah —
Tambod —
Aylab
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
29 00
- - — — — 28 50
Long.
54 15
56
59
58
58
61
66
67
66
65
64
55
56
30
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
40
Note, the Longitude is reckoned from the mof
Wefern Shores of the Atlantic Ocean, where are
the Pillars of Hercules ; fuppofed to be ten De¬
grees Eajl of the Jazair al Khaladat, or Fortu¬
nate Iflands.
CHAP. XXI.
The fecond Siege of Diu, by Mahmud King of Kam-
baya, in 1545, under the Government of Don
John de Caftro.
SECT. I.
Khojah Zaffar’i Difimulation. He attacks the
Cajlle of Diu. Builds a Wall between it and
the City. Noble Adi ion of Anaya. King Mah¬
mud comes in Perfon to the Siege , and is frighted
East Indies.
back. Courage of the Women. Zaffar fain. 1 545.
General A fault. Another General fain. A De Caftro.
Bafion bloiun up with feventy Portugueze. Se- v— - V—
veral A faults. Some Jmall Supplies arrive. A
rafh Sally. A Bafion taken , and recovered.
THAT the Reader may fee Don John de
Cafro , (whofe Voyage is given above) was
a valiant Soldier, as well as expert Navigator,
we fhall infert an Account of the fecond Siege
b of Diu , wherein as many furprifing Actions were
performed by the Portugueze , as in the former,
and a greater Number of the Enemy flain and
taken Prifoners j among whom were the three
chief Generals, which added greatly to the Tri¬
umph of the Vigors.
KHOJAH ZAFFA R, who was fo a£tive in Zaffar’; f/-
the former Siege, from that Time forward, kept”^*
a fair Correfpondence with the Portugueze : Yet,
underhand, perfuaded the King of Kambaya ,
c whofe Favourite he now was, to endeavour fhak-
ing off the Yoke of the Fort of Diu. To this
effect, he drew together a great Number of Men ;
but defirous rather to fucceed by Policy, than
Force, he agreed with an infamous Portugueze ,
called Ruy Freyre , to poifon the Ciftern, fire the
Magazine, and, upon a Sign given, admit him into
the Fort. The Treachery however was difco-
vered by an Ethiopian , a Turk , and a Woman
Slave. Khojah Zafary aftonifhed to fee his De-
d fign detected, began to compliment Don Juan
Mafcarenhasy Commander of the Fort : And be¬
caufe they obftrudled building that Wall between
the Fort and the City, which Don Garcia de No -
ronha had fo weakly allowed, and Emanuel de
Soufa had couragioufly beat down, he affigned that
as the Reafon for breaking the Peace ; making
Ufe of Diffimulation, till he had gathered a great
Power.
AAA S CA R E NIAAS, percei v ing the Danger jje eUacn
e that threatned him, prepared to meet it, and ga vetbeCtJlk*.
Advice thereof to the Governor Don John de
Cafro , and neighbouring Commanders. He ap¬
pointed every Man his Poft, and placed an Officer,
with thirty Men in each of the four Baftions :
His Lieutenant,, over the Gate with twenty ; an¬
other, with the like Number, in a fmall Work;
referving fifty for himfelf, to be wherever the
greateft Danger called . T his was his whole F orce,
and this their Difpofition, when Khojah Zaffar
f came on with all his Power ; refolving to attack
the Baftion of the Sea, with three Caftles, built
upon a Ship of prodigious Bignefs, well ftored
with Cannon, to batter the Wall. Within the
a By this alfo, one might be apt to think, al Kolzum flood toward the Mouth of the Weftern Tongue or
Bay, almoft oppofite to the Town of al T ur ; but the Arabic flgnifies rather the Shore, or inmoft Part of the Tongue
«r Bay. b Thefe are Arabian Miles, of which 564, go to a Degree; each greater than a Geographical
Mile, and eqital to one Mile, and a quarter Englijh of Norwood's Meafure, 69! to a Degree.
CaftLe*.
{At '/t/ t Sr// f ' VoL. X. ^/i. Aj?
By the Portugueze.
j0ac Caftles were two hundred Turks , (out of five hun-
Pec aftro. dred, fent from Mokha by the King of Zabid)
i*. -V— -'who were to diftraft the Defendants, by pouring
in continually all Sorts of Fire-works. But the
Portugueze Commander, having Notice of this
Defign, Tent J a come Leite to burn that Ship. He
took twenty Men in two Veflels, and though un¬
expectedly difcovered, (for he fet out by Night)
yet did not defift, but couragioufly went on and
fet Fire to it ; then retiring, faw a great Part of
it fly into the Air, with moil of the Turks , the
Remainder carting fuch a Flame, as at a Diftance,
difcovered the Enemy’s Army running in Batta¬
lions to quench it. Jacome , perceiving them in
Clufters, let fly his Cannon, and killed many,
having had only feven Men wounded in the Acti¬
on. After this he went on to the Mouth of the
River, and took from the Befiegers' fome Veflels of
Provifion, with which he returned to the Fort,
much admired of all.
Builds the KHOJA H ZAFFAR now began to build
Wall in the Wall, that had been before beat down ; and
Diftute- though the Cannon from the Fortrefs killed many
of the Workmen, yet it was brought to fuch
Perfection, that he planted thereon fixty great
Cannon, befides many fmall. There was one of
fuch extraordinary Bignefs, that it fhook the
whole Ifland, and made Pieces of the Fort fly,
being managed by an expert French Renegado.
At this Time arrived Don Ferdinand de Cajlro ,
Son to the Governor, with fome Relief of Men.
Mafcarenhas wanted fome Intelligence from the
Enemy’s Camp, which Diego de Anaya Coutinno ,
a Gentleman of Note, and Man of great Strength,
coming to the Knowledge of, at Night put a
mieAai- Helmet on his Head, with a Sword by his Side,
*»• and taking a Spear in his Hand, let himfelf down
the Wall. Thus lying clofe at fome Diftance
from the Fort, he difcovered two Moors: Who be¬
ing come up to him, he killed one of them with the
Spear; and taking up the other in his Arms, ran
with him to the Gate of the Fort, and calling,
threw him in, to the great Admiration of thofe
who beheld it. This was much ; but what fol¬
lows is more : He had borrowed the Helmet, and
promifed, on the Word of a Gentleman, to re-
ftore it, or die. In this Scuffle it fell off, and he
milled it not till the Owner afked for it. Cou¬
tinno faid nothing; but letting himfelf off the
Wall a fecond Time, went to look for the Cafk,
found, and reftored it. Nothing could be more
brave : Nothing more honourable.
m Mah MASCARENHAS obferving an extraordi-
mCd«w«."nary Motion in the Enemy’s Army, and being
J33
a defirous to know the Caufe of it, fix Portugueze 1545.
fallied out at Night, and fell among fixty Moors*, De Caftro,
who were all afleep, whereof they killed fome ;
but the Noife waking the reft, as alfo others not
far off, thev were forced to retire with the Lofs
of two. The four brought a Prifoner with them,
who informed the Commander, that the King of
Kambaya was come from Champanel , with 10, OOO
Horfe, to fee (as Khojah Zajjar faid) that Place
taken. This A&ion fo incenfed them, that they
b renewed the Fury of their Batteries, and did much
Harm. However, the Renegado Frenchman was
ftruckdead by a chance Dart ; and the Gunner,
who fucceeded him, being ignorant, did more
Harm to his own Party, than to the Portugueze ,
which was fome Revenge. All the Neighbour- js frighted'
hood refounded with the Noife of the Cannon, back*
and Cries of dying Men, when a Bullet from the
Fort, falling in the King’s Tent, fprinkled him
with the Blood of one of his Favourites prefent,
c who was beaten to Pieces ; which fo terrified him,
that he inftantly fled, leaving the Command of
the Horfe to Juzar Khan , a valiant Habajhian, The
Siege being vigoroufly pulhed, there was great
Slaughter and Deftrudtion on both Sides ; which
was the more vifible and prejudicial in the Fort,
by Reafon of its little Compafs, and the fmall
Number of Men. Mafcarenhas appeared when¬
ever there was Danger, as hoping to gain no lefs
Honour than Antonio de Silveyra had done there a
d few Years before. He was no lefs fortunate in Valour of
couragious Women, who encouraged the Men,^J .W°mn,
aflifted and relieved them at the Work. One of
them hearing, that the Enemy were got into a
Houfe, ran in with a Spear, and fought till Maf¬
carenhas came, and put them all to the Sword.
KHOJAH ZAFFAR omitted nothing thatg®»
could be devifed, to fill the Ditches, and lay open^'"”
the Fort ; nor was lefs Induftry ufed on the other
Side, to repair the Breaches. The prime Gentry
e did the Duties of private Soldiers and Mafons :
The Walls and Baftions were ruined at Night,
and reftored by Morning. Zoffar, aftonifhed
to fee all he deftroyed fo fuddenly made up again,
coming on in a Rage with frefh Men, a Cannon
Ball took off his Head and Right Hand, where¬
on he leaned it a. His Son Rurni Khan fucceeded
him in his Command ; who, (while Mafcarenhas
was fending frefh Advice to the Governor at Goa,
and the Captains of the neighbouring Places, to
f haften Succours) with Juzar Khan , gives a gene- a general
ral A ffault, attacking the Baftions of St. John,AJJault. ■
and St. Thomas , where they found a moft vigo¬
rous Refiftance ; and fo many were killed, that
» De Faria, according to Cuftom, makes a Judgment of this Accident.. Thus (fays that Author] he f
his Mother’s Prediftion : Who, being at Otranto, ftill perfuaded him to be reconciled to the Church , a
ing fhe could not prevail, directed her Letters to him thus: Khojah Zofarmy Son at the Gates oftll. ue
Faria did not confider when he wrote this, that the Church here fpoken of was the Greek, a fchifmatical and
heretic Church : The Jefuit Magi, aware of this,. makes no Refleftions of the Kind.
*34
Voyages to the East Indies
i 44.5. the Defendants feemed rather a raging Plague, a
De Caftro. than Men. 'Vet, at length. Valour was forced
to give Way to Numbers, and the Enemy mount¬
ed St. Thomas’s Baftion : But Defpair adminifler-
ing Fury rather than Valour, the few Portugue ze
% rufh upon the Multitude, and making a wonder¬
ful Slaughter, threw headlong from the Wall,
fuch as had efcaped the Sword ; fo that the Dead
lay in Heaps.
Jurar Khan_ RUM1 KHAN, having fpent this Night in
Jlain,
Euflion
bioivn up.
The Breach
attacked.
Prayers, and Procefiions, in the Morning renew- b
ed the Aflault : But after mounting the two Baf-
tions, was forced to retire, witlf the Lofs of near
two thoufand Men, and among them Juzar
Khan , General of the Horfe ; whom an Uncle
of the fame Name fucceeded. In this Action
feven Portuguese were {lain. Several other Af-
faults were given with like Succefs. In one of
thefe, the Fire was foclofe and furious, that feve-
ral who were clad in Cotton, which foon took
Flame, ran and dipt themfelves in the Water, c
and fo returned to their Polls. Thofe who wore
Skins efcaped better. Mafcarenhas taking Notice
of this, caufed fome gilt Leather, wherewith his
Rooms were huns, to be made into Coats for
the Soldiers. One Time he and Don Pedro de
Almeyda , with one hundred Men, fallied to de-
ftroy a Mount raifed to over-look the Fort, and
effected it, killing three hundred Moors. Martin
Botcllo , another Time, went out with ten Men,
to take fomebody who might give Intelligence ; d
and falling upon eighteen, put them to Flight,
except a bold Nubi , (or Nubian) who {landing all
the eleven, wreftled with Botello', and he finding
it hard to overcome him whilft he could touch
the Ground with his Feet, like another Hercules
bearing Ahteus , ran with him in his Arms to the
Fort.
Mean while, the Defendants were fpent with
Labour, and above all with Hunger; fo that they
were glad to feed upon naufeous Vermin. A e
Crow, taken upon the dead Bodies, was a Dainty
for the Sick, and fold for five Crowns. The
Ammunition was likewife almoft fpent; and now
the Enemy gives a hot Aflault with frefh Men,
ten thoufand having newly joined them. They
entered St. John’s Baftion, and retired. Scarce
had they left it, when it blew up, undermined,
and in it feventy Portuguese , ten whereof came
down alive. Diego de Sotomayer fell into the Fort f
with a Spear in his Hand ; a Soldier in the fame
Manner dropped among the Enemies, and was
killed by them. Mafcurenhas , forefeeing the Dan¬
ger, had ordered them to quit the Baftion ; but
one Reynofo profefl'ed, he would accufe them of
Cowardice, if they did.
Thirteen thoufand of the Enemy having
attacked the Breach they had made, were with-
ftood by five Soldiers only, till Mafcarenhas came
5
with fifteen more. The Women aftifted the 1 545.
Men, and ran even to brave Death. The Prieft, De Caftro.
who was returned from carrying the Advice tov—
the neighbouring Places, appeared, encouraging
all with a Crucifix lifted on high. The Adlions
done here were incredible : But it growing dark,
the Enemy retired, having loft three hundred
Men : And Mafcarenhas fpent all the Night in
repairing the Damages.
The Enemy daily renewed their Attacks with Several
no better Fortune, and held out by Means of their AjJ'aultt.
vaft Numbers. Rumi Khan fell again to mining,
and pierced the very Rocks that flood in his Way j
but met not with fuch Succefs as he had done the
Time before; For Mafcarenhas , perceiving his
Work, countermined it, and killed many of his
Men. Don Alvaro de Cajlro , the Governor’s Son,
fent with Supplies, having met with almoft incre¬
dible Storms, at length arrived at Bafaim: Anto¬
nio Moniz Barreto got firft into Diu with eight
Gentlemen, who, though fo few, were no fmall
Comfort to the Befieged. One of thefe, called
Alichael Darnide , a Man of prodigious Strength,
being refufed Admittance into the Boat, leaped
into the Water with his Mufket in his Mouth,
and fwimming after it, Barreto was obliged to
take him up.
Next, came Luis de Melo, and Mendoza , with j fmait
nine Aden ; then Don George , and Don Duarte de Supply.
Mencfes , with feventeen ; after them, Don Antonio
de Atayde , and Francifco Guillerme , with fifty each ;
and laftly, Ruy Freyre , Fa£tor of Chaul , with
twenty-four. All together fell upon the Enemy,
then poflelTed of fome of the Works, and among
them, the Baftion of Sant J ago: The Difpute was
hot ; yet the Enemy fet up their Colours on the
Walls. Antonio Moniz Barreto made good his
Poll with only two Soldiers, and was going to
quench his Flames in the Water; but one of the
two, who was in the fame Condition, detained
him, and both did Things worthy Admiration.
Antonio Correa fallied out with twenty more, to
difeover the Enemy, and faw twelve Moors fit¬
ting about a Fire. He exhorted his Men to fall
upon them, but they inftead of following him,
fled. However, going forward, in Hopes to take
one who might give Intelligence, he fell on, and
behaved himfelf bravely ; yet was taken, and car¬
ried to Rumi Khan , who examined him about the
Pofture the Fort was in ; which being then very
miferable, he reprefented fo powerful, as drove
that General into Defpair ; and moved him to
caufe the unfortunate Prifoner to be dragged thro’
the Streets ; Then his Head being cut off, it was
fet upon a Pole next Day in Sight of the Fort.
The Enemy had, by this Time, loft five thou -More or-
fand Men ; the Befieged two hundred, fo that™^*
they had not fo many more left: And what was
worfe, half of them were unable to do Duty,
when ,
By the P o R
1 545. when Don Alvaro arrives with the Supplies, which ;
DeCaftro. confided of four hundred Men, and a fufficient
L/“V*NJ Quantity of Ammunition ; having by the Way
taken a Ship of Kambaya richly laden. The Joy
of this Relief was foon allayed ; for the Soldiers
of this Reinforcement, fearing the Mines, pro-
pofed to meet the Enemy in open Field. Maf-
carenhas prudently refufing to comply with their
Motion, they broke out into open Mutiny, in Con¬
tempt of all Military Difcipline ; fcarce known,
or at lead not regarded by the Portuguese Na- b
Rjfi Sally, tion. The Commander feeing himfelf in Danger
of perilhing in the Fort by his own Men, fallied
with almoft five hundred in three Bodies. Pre-
fently they gained the Enemy’s advanced Poll,
forcing them to retire to their Works: But when
they came there, thofe who had fo infolently
forced their Commander to this Extravagancy,
flood heartlefs at the Foot of the Trenches;
while others mounted who had been lefs forward
with their Tongues. Mafcarenbas feeing them c
in this Pofture, upbraided their Behaviour in fuch
picquant Terms, that roufed by Shame, they took
Pleat t and went up. The whole Army now came
down upon the Portuguese , who having done
Wonders, were forced to retire in fuch Diforder ;
that the Enemy mull infallibly have poflefled
themfelves of the Fort, had not Mafcarenbas , with
his Prudence and Courage, prevented Mojate
Khan ; who with five thoufand attempted to enter,
and was valiantly oppofed by Luis de Soufa in St. c
Thomas's Bulwark. Threefcore Men were loft in
this A&ion ; and Don Fernando de Cajlro mortal¬
ly wounded in the Head.
ABaJHon The Moors had taken the Cannon of the Baf-
rtcovcrei. t'10n Santiago , when Vafco de Cunna , and Luis de
Almeyda brought a frelh Relief. The latter im¬
mediately went out with three Caravels, and
quickly returned with two great Ships of Mehka ,
and fome other Veflels, whofe Loading was worth
fifty thoufand Ducats. At the Yard-Arms hung <
many Moors , whofe Heads were then cut off; as
was the Captain’s, who was a Janizary, and
offered three thoufand Ducats for his Ranfom.
SECT. II.
Preparations made at Goa. Don John de Caftro
Jets out and arrives at Diu. Attacks the Ene¬
my's Works, and takes them. Attacks their Army ,
and totally defeats it. Enters the City , and
makes great Slaughter. Rumi Khan, Zaffar’r
Son, rallies , is defeated and killed. Juzar Khan
taken Prifoner , and two more Generals fain.
Towns dejlroyed on the Coajl. Don John fends
to borrow Money on his JVhifkcrs. Repairs the
Cafle. Returns to Goa, and enters it in Tri -
TUGUEZE, *35
umph. Is rewarded by the King with unufual 154 5.
Honours , but dies without enjoying them. ^De Caftro.^
TH E Siege had now lafted eight Months ; Preparations
when in the Beginning of November , the*# Gor.
Governor Don 'John de Cafro , had gotten toge¬
ther a great Fleet of all Sorts of Veflels for the
Relief of Diu. All Goa admired the Conftancy
wherewith he received the News of the Death of
his Son Don Fernando: For though he highly re-
fented it, he diflembled his Grief ; and drefling
himfelf gayer than ordinary, went firft in Pro-
ceflion, to give God Thanks, that Diu was ftill
in the Pofleflion of the Portugueze ; and then to a
publick Feaft, which is the Imitation of a Fight,
wherein they ufe Canes inftead of Lances. The
Fleet conlifted of above ninety Sail, befides three
of the Ships that then came from Portugal ; and
feveral Gentlemen that came in them, went in
other Veflels.
The Governor being come to Bafaim , waited Don Jol>«
the coming up of the Veflels that were fcattered ;fets QUt'
and the mean while, fent Don Emanuel de Lima
to fcour the Coaft. Near Daman , he took feve¬
ral Ships ; and cutting the Moors in Pieces, threw
them into the Mouth of the Rivers, that the T ide
carrying them up, they might ftrike a Terror in
all that Coaft. Entringthe River of Surat , after
a vigorous Refiftance made, he deftroyed all that
belonged to the Town of the Ethiopians \ The
1 fame was done at the City Anfoto , not far diftant,
without fparing Beauty : The fineft Women of
the Bramens and Baneans being flaughtered in that
and other neighbouring Towns.
The Fleet appearing in the Sea of Diut the Arrives at
Enemy flood amazed, though they had juft thenDiu*
received a Supply of five thoufand frelh Men,
fent by the King. The Governor went private¬
ly into the Fort, and afterwards landed his Men.
It having been refolved in Council to attack the
- Enemy, they marched in this Order : Don Juan
Mafcarenhas , Commander of the Fort, led the
Van, confifting of five hundred Men : Don Al¬
varo led as many : Don Emanuel de Lima , the
like Number: The Governor headed the reft,
which were one thoufand, and a Body of Indians.
Among the Men, were fome Portugueze Women
in Man’s Cloaths, to aflift the Wounded. In the
Fort was left the Lieutenant with three hundred
Men. The Governor appointed Rewards for
f thofe who firft mounted the Enemy’s Works.
At Break of Day, on the eleventh of Novem- Attach tbt
her , this fmall Army marched out to attack th eE«^-
numerous Forces of the Enemy, who were well
intrenched, and provided with Cannon. They
gave the Onfet with much Bravery, and fome
fell. Two Gentlemen, who had challenged each
* Thefe mull be the People of Uabafh , or Abafhins.
other,
j36 Voyages to the East Indies
i r±£. other, now agreed he fliould be owned victorious a RUM1 KHA N, and his General Officers, raJ- 1546.
De Cafiro. over the other, who firft entered the Enemy’s ly their Men, and appear again in the Field with DeCaftro.
Quarters : Both honourably ftrove for this Glory, eight thoufand. The Governor and his Son, and
and both died glorioufly in the Attempt. At Don John Mafcarenhas encompafs them. The^™1^"
length the Portugueze mounted the Works. Such Fight was bloody: In the Heat of it Gabriel
was each Man’s Eaeernefs to be the firft, that it Teyxeira , took the Standard of Kambaya (after
could not be known who really was fo. Cofme killing the Bearer) and dragged it about the Held,
Payva having loft a Leg, fought on his Knees, till proclaiming Vidtory. George Nunez, from among
he was killed. The Tanadar cut down one Turk, the Dead, brought out Rumi Khan's Head, and
and Hooping down to make an End of him, was prefented it to the Governor : Others took Juzar Juzar Khin
flain by another. Francifco de Azevedo was killed, b Khan, who was wounded. The Portugueze were
after having made a great Slaughter. left abfolute Mafters of the Field ; having loft one
rakes their The brave Mafcarenhas, and Don Alvaro de hundred Men, others fay, only thirty-four : Of
Works. Cajlro, having taken a Bulwark, makethemfelves the Enemy five thoufand were flain ; and among
Room in the Field. The Governor comes up them Azede Khan , Lu Khan, and other Men of
and inflames the Fight. He orders his Enfign to Note. Free Plunder was allowed ; Some were
fix the .Colours on the Enemy’s Works. Twice inriched ; many got much, and all were fatisfied.
was the Enfign thrown down, and twice he re- There were taken many Colours, forty Pieces of And muck
mounted. The Men encouraged by the Gover- Cannon of an extraordinary Bignefs, which with eiundtr,
nor’s Prefence, prefs forward, and the Enemy the leffer Sort made up two hundred j and a vaft
gives Way. The Portugueze enter their Works c Quantity of Ammunition..
pell-mell with them, and Rumi Khan comes on A4a ny particularly fignalized themfelves in this
with the whole Body of his Army : But after a A&ion : The Governor played the Part of a Sol-
hot Difpute, retires ; leaving his Adverfaries Maf- dier, as well as a General ; Don Juan Mafca -
ters of his Works. renhas , after a Siege of eight Months, did more
Defeats the He goes to j0*11 Ju%ar Khan, who on the other than could be imagined j Don Alvaro de Cajlro ,
Army. Side was worfted by Mafcarenhas. The Gover- of whom it is enough to fay, he behaved like his
nor marches out of the Works to meet them, Father ; the Enfign Duarte Barbudo, who being
giving jthe Van to his Son Don Alvaro. The feveral Times thrown down, as often mounted
Portugueze were much diftrefled, when Friar An- the Works. Nor mull Friar Antony be forgotten,
tonio del Cazal put himfelf before them, with a d who employed his Crucifix to fuch goodPurpofe :
Crucifix on the Point of a Lance ; on which, Befides many more, as well of thofe who were
they took Courage, and covering the Field with killed, as they that furvived a. The King in a
dead and wounded Men, put Rumi Khan to Rage for this Lofs, caufed twenty-eight Portu-
Flight. He rallying again in his Turn, forced the gueze he had in Cuftody, to be torn to Pieces in
Portugueze to retire in great Confufion : But the his Prefence.
-Governor expofing himfelf to Admiration, re- Whilst the Governor was employed in re- Towns de^
newed the Fight., and reftored good Order. At pairing the Damage received, Don Emanuel deftroJed'
this Time a Stone broke an Arm of the Cru- Lima , in the Beginning of the Year 1546, by his
cifix ; and the Prieft calling to the Men to re- Order, fcoured the Coaft of Kambaya with thirty
venge the Sacrilege, they fell on with fuch Fury, e Ships, demolifhing all the Towns along the Shore,
that having done incredible Execution, they drove The City Gogo, one of the chief of that Kingdom,
the Enemy to the City, who ftill gave Way, was taken, plundered, and burnt, without any
And enters facing the Portugueze. The firft who entered Refiftance ; the Inhabitants flying to the Moun-
the C.ty. the £jty with them, was Don Mafcarenhas , then tains, where being purfued, they were found at
Don Alvaro, and Don Emanuel de Lima , and the Night, about a League off afleep, and all put to
Governor, all feveral Ways, making the Streets the Sword. All the Cattle in the Fields, were
and Houfes run with Blood. The Women efca- either killed or Ham-ftrung. The City Gandar ,
ped not the Fate of the Men ; and Children were and feveral other Towns, underwent the fame
flain at their Mothers Breafts. The firft Part of Fate j with many Ships along the Coaft of Ba¬
th e Booty was Precious Stones, Pearls, Gold and f roche.
Silver: Other Things, though of Value, were Great was the Joy at Goa, for the News of m>ishn
flighted as cumberfome. what had happened at Diu, carried thither by pawned.
* It is Pity de Faria, after bellowing fuch Praifes on his Countrymen, ihould, at one Stroke, rob them of all
their Glory, by telling us, the Enemy confefled, that one Day, during the Siege, they law over the Church of
the Fort, a beautiful Woman cloathed in White, from whom proceeded fuch Rays that blinded them ; and this
Day in the Field, fome Men with Lances, who did them the greatell Harm. For our Parts, we will not be¬
lieve an Enemy’s Evidence fo injurious to the Reputation of the Portugueze : For why might they not have per¬
formed Wonders without fuch Help this Siege, as well as the former ?
3 Diego
By the PoHTtiGUEZE.
j .^46. Diego Rodriguez de Axevedo, by whom the Gover-
De Caitro. nor defired the City to lend him twenty thoufand
v— -1 Par da o' s for thellfeof the Army; fending a Lock
of his Whifkers in Pawn for the Money. The City
I returned the Pledge with Refpecft, and remitted
him more Money than he demanded. The Wo¬
men, to exprefs their Gratitude, fent their Pen¬
dants, Necklaces, Bracelets, and other Jewels :
But all was punctually reftored by the Governor,
as it was fent ; having been fupplied the Day be¬
fore, by a rich Ship of Kambaya , taken by Antonio
Moniz Barreto , on the Coaft of Mangalor.
Caftltrt- The Fort was repaired, and put into a better
\$»uid. Condition than it was before the Siege : Five hun¬
dred Men were left in it; and Don George de Me-
nefes, with fix Ships upon the Coaft. The City
likewife became better inhabited, through the
good Ufage of the Governor to the Moors. After
which, failing for Goa , he arrived there the ele¬
venth of April , where he was received with loud
Acclamations; and a fplendid Triumph prepared by
the City, in Imitation of thofe of Rome. The
Gates and Streets were hung with Silk ; the
Windows thronged with fine Women : All Places
refounded with Mufick and Noife of Cannon ;
©eCaftro’i and the Sea was covered with Veffels richly adorn-
Triurfb. C£J( yjie Governor entered under a rich Canopy,
*37
where taking off his Cap, they put on his Head 1546.
a Crown of Laurel, and a Branch of it in his DeCaftro.
Hand. Before him went Friar Antony with his
Crucifix, as he carried it in the Fight ; and next
to him, the Royal Standard. Then followed Juzar
Khan , with his Eyes fixed on the Ground ; per¬
haps, that he might not fee his Prince’s Colours
dragged, and ours flying, bcfides the mortifying
Sight of fix hundred Prifoners in Chains. In the
Front, the Cannon, and other Sorts of Arms were
carried in Carts, very delightful to behold. The
Governor walked upon Leaves of Gold and Silver,
and rich Silks. The Ladies from the Windows,
fprinkled him with fweet Water, and threw
Flowers on him. Queen Catharine of Portugal ,
hearing the Relation of his Vi£tory and Triumph,
faid, Don John had overcome like a Chriftian, and
triumphed like a Heathen.
The News of the Victory at Diu was brought Is honoured,
to Lisbon the fame Year; when the King having-'™^'5*
refolved to honour Don John de Cajlro with un-
ufual Favours, continued the Government to him
with the Title of Vice-Roy. He fent him alfo a
Prefent in Money ; and made his Son Don Alvaro,
Admiral of the Indian Seas : But Don John did
not live to enjoy that Honour a.
* He was almoft dead, fays de Faria, when thofe Bounties reached him; and died of a Difeafe, that now-a-
days, kills no Man, [he means in Portugal] though it did formerly ; for even Difeafes die. It was Grief for
the miferable Eftate India was reduced to, and the bad Conduct of feme Gentlemen in an Expedition a little be¬
fore, which brought him untimely to his Grave. He publickly begged Pardon of many for writing againit
them to the King, that it may appear even great Spirits purchafe Favour by mean Whifpers. When he
faw there was no Hopes of Life, he fent for the Council, which he had appointed to ad in his Stead, and
told them I hat he had nothing-, and defired, that they would order fomething out of the King's Revenue, that he
might not die for Want. Then a Mafs Book being brought, he laid his Hand upon it, and fwore, that He had
no Way made ufe of the King's, or any other Mans Money ; nor had driven any Trade to increafe his own Stock :
And defired, that this Ad of his might be recorded. After his Death, there was found in his private Cabinet,
a bloody Difcipline; and three Royals, which was all his Treafure. In 1576, his Body was brought to Portu¬
gal ; and laid in the Church of Benifca, belonging to the Dominicans, on a Hill not far from Lijbon. . He is
painted crowned with Palm Branches, and clothed m Red. He was a great Linguift, and well /killed in Ma¬
thematics. He governed without Pride, and valued Men according to their Merit. He fo much loved that
every body Ihould look like what he was, that feeing a fine Suit of Cloaths as he paifed by a Taylor’s ; and be¬
ing told it was his Son’s, he cut it in Pieces, faying, Bid that young Man provide Arms. He was the fourteenth
in the Number of Governors ; and may be accounted the fourth Vice-Roy.
V o l. I. N*. 6.
T
BOOK
[ 138 ]
Early At¬
tempts
Of the Eng
lift.
IV hy not
purjued.
BOOK IL
The Firfl Voyages of the English to Guinea,
and the East Indies.
‘The INTRODUCTION.
ALTHOUGH the Portugueze were a
the firfl: Europeans who fet on Foot
Difcoveries, and had carried them on
for many Years before any other Na¬
tion; yet as foon as thofe Voyages ap¬
peared to be attended with Gain, the EngliJ ') were
ready to put in for a Share. About 1471, the
Portugueze difcoveredGuinea ; and ten Years after,
we find the Englijh making Preparations for a Vifit
to thofe Parts a.
In the Year 1481, John Tintam , and l Villi am b
Fabian , were bufy fitting out a Fleet of Ships for
the Coaft of Guinea : Whether for their own Bene¬
fit, in Whole or Part ; or folely on the Account
of the Duke of Medina Sidonia in Spain , by whofe
Command, it is faid to have been done, we can¬
not determine. Pofiibly the Spaniards , being ex¬
cluded by the Grants of Popes, in Favour of the
Portugueze , from trading to the Eajl Indies , en¬
deavoured to elude them, by employing Englijh-
men in that Navigation. However it was, King c
John II. of Portugal, fenfibly alarmed at the News
of the faid Preparations, fent tw'o Perfons in Em-
baffy to our Edward , in order to renew the an-
tient Leagues with England-, and (what feems to
have been the chief End of their Commiffion)
move him to hinder the faid Fleet from putting
to Sea. They had, in ihort, Orders to acquaint
the King with the Title which John had to Gui¬
nea, to the Intent, that Edward Jhould prohibit
his Subjefls throughout his Dominions , from fending d
any Ships to that Country : Which was according¬
ly done; and thus the Voyage was fruftrated.
This is an authentic Teftimony of the early
Attempts of the Eng/ifj , which is delivered by
Garcia de Refende , in his Book of. The Life and
Adiions of John II. Chap. 33 b : And to the fame,
or fome other like Caufe, it may pofiibly be ow¬
ing, that the Englijh defifled fo long from failing
to the Southward ; and turned their Thoughts to
the Difcovery of a PafTage to the Indies fome
other Way.
However, it appears by a Memorandum, or Trade to
Letter of Nicholas Thorne , fenior, a confiderable Canaries.
Merchant of BriJlol , whereof Hakluyt c gives the
Contents, that in 1526, (and by Circumftances,
for a long Time before) certain Englijh Merchants,
and among the reft Mr. Thorne himfelf, with one
Thomas Spacheford , traded frequently to the Ca¬
nary Iflands : For by the faid Letter, Notice was
given to Thomas Midnal, his Factor, and IVilliam
Ballard, his own Servant, refiding at St. Lucar ,
in Andalufia, that the Chrijlopher of Cadiz , bound
for the IVeJl Indies , had taken on board feveral
Packs of Cloth, of different Finenefs and Colours,
with Packthread, Soap, and other Goods, to be
landed at Santa Cruz , in Tenerifa. Thefe Com¬
modities they were to fell, or barter at that Port,
where they were to remain as Fadlors ; and fend
back in Return, Store of Orchel d, Sugar, and
Kid Skins.
At length, about the Middle of the fixteenthTo Barbary.
Century, the Englijh Spirit for Trade, exerting
itfelf, and meeting with a favourable Conjun&ure,
they began to pufh it to the South as well as
North. About the Year 1551? Captain Thomas
iVindham , in the Ship Lion , failed to Marokko ,
whither he carried back two Aloors of the Royal
Family. This was the firfl Voyage we meet with
to the Weftern Coaft of Africa ; and thefe are all
the Particulars to be found relating to it, except¬
ing, that one fames Alclay , a Servant to Sebajlian
Cabota, in a Letter to Mr. Michael Locke , infert-
ed in Hakluyt’s Collection e, reprefents himfelf as
having been the firfl Promoter of this Barbary
Traffick: He alfo obferves, that he fhould have
performed this Voyage himfelf, and have had the
foie Command of Ship and Goods, but that Sir
John Luttercl, John Fletcher , Henry Ojlrich, and
others, with whom he had joined, died of the
a The French alledge, that they drove a great Trade with Guinea, from 1364, till 1413; which was one
hundred and feven Years before the Portugueze difcovered it. b Cited at length by Hakluyt, Vol. 2.
part. 2. p. 2. c See the fame Part, />. 3. d A kind of Mofs growing on high Rocks, in thofe Days,
much ufcd in Dying. * In the Place above, p. 7.
Sweating
>39
The INTRO. DUCTIO N.
Sweating Sicknefs ; and he himfelf, after efcaping a
that Difeafe, had been feized witii a violent le¬
ver. But before lie recovered, the Ship being at
Portfmouth , Thomas Windham had her away fiorn
thence, by whom he loft eighty Pounds.
Next Year, 1552, Windham performed a fe-
cond Voyage to Zafn or Safi, and Santa Cruz ,
without the Streights, where he had been the
Year before. This gave great Offence to the
Portugucze , who threatened to treat the Englijk as
Enemies, if they met with them in thofe Parts, t
T» Guinea* Notwithstanding thofe Menaces, the
t>:Zun' Year following, the fame Windham , and Antonio
Anes Pinteado , a Portugucze , the Promoter of this
Attempt, undertook a Voyage to Guinea, in three
Ships, with a hundred and forty Men, and traded
for Gold along the Coaft ; after which they failed
for Benin to load Pepper : But both the Com¬
manders, and moft of the Men dying of Sick¬
nefs, occafioned by the Climate ; the reft, being
but forty, returned to Plymouth with only one <
Ship, ('having burnt the other for Want of Hands
to fail her) and no great Riches.
African In i 554, Mr. 'John Lok made a Voyage for
Companies. Qu\nea with three Ships ; and trading along that
Coaft, brought away a confiderable Quantity
of Gold and Ivory : But proceeded no farther.
Thefe Voyages were fucceeded by others, almoft
every Year. At length, upon Application to
Queen Elizabeth by certain Merchants, two
Patents were granted. One in 1 5 85, for the
Barbary , or Marekko Trade: The other, in
1588, for the Guinea Trade, between the Ri¬
vers Senaga, and Gambra , or Gambia a: And in
1592, a third was obtained by others, taking in
the Coaft from the River Nonnia , to the South of
Sierra Leona , the Space of one hundred Leagues b;
which Patents gave Rife to the African Company.
They had Bickerings with the Portugucze in all
thefe Voyages to the Coaft of Africa ; feveral of
which have been preferved by Hakluyt , and will
be inferted in this Book, as Forerunners to thofe
to the Eafl Indies.
Firft Irdia The Views of the Englijb extending with
Voyages. their Succefs, and finding the Difcovery of the
North-Eaft, and North-Weft Paffages had been
long attempted in vain, they refolved to pufh
their Voyages round Africa , by the Portugucze
Courfe. In 1591, three large Ships undertook that
Voyage for the firft Time, under the Command
of Captain Raymond: And in 1596, another Fleet
of three Ships, commanded by Captain Wood, fet
out on the fame Defign ; but with ill Succefs.
Mean Time, feveral Navigators were employed,
to difeover this Way to the Eafl Indies , and the
Portugucze Poffefiions there. At length, in 1600,
a Body of Merchants, Gentlemen, and others,
(to the Number of two hundred and fixteen) AndCem*
with George , Earl of Cumberland, at the Head of/**/*
them, obtained a Ciiarter from Queen Elizabeth ,
for carrying on a Trade to the Eaf Indies , under
the Denomination of, The Company of Merchant
Adventurers. From this Time forwards. Snips
i were fent regularly, every two or three Years, to
thofe Parts of the World : And thus was laid the
Foundation of the Eafl India Commerce, which
fubfifts at prefent.
Long before the Englijh failed to India , by the previous
Cape of good Hope , in their own Ships, feveral Difcmenes.
Merchants, and others, from Time to Time, had
palled to India in the Ships of the P ortugueze , as
well as over Land ; out of a Defire to pry into,
and (hare the Benefit of, that gainful Commerce.
: Of thofe who went by Land, feveral Relations
and Letters remain, whereof Extradls will be in¬
ferted among the Travels: But of all thofe who
might have performed the Voyage, as Paffengers
in the Portugucze Veffels, we meet with only one,
viz. Thomas Stephens , who hath written any Ac¬
count of his Adventures, or at leaft, whofe Me¬
moirs have been publifhed. To this may be ad¬
ded as a fecond, Captain Davis’s Account of the
Voyage of the Micldleburgh Merchants in 159^*
d wherein he ferved as Pilot ; in order to difeover a
Way to India , and the Pofture of the Portugucze
Affairs. Both thefe Journals contain very ufeful
Remarks for the Time, and therefore claim a
Place in our Colledtion.
Although the firft Voyages of the Englijh pff-y Mcy‘
to the Eafl Indies are full of Variety, yet the™"1'1*
Reader is not to expedt fuch a continued Series of
new Difcoveries, great Adtions, Battles, Sieges,
and Conquefts, as are to be met with in the Hif-
e tory of the Portugucze Expeditions : For it mull
be conftdered, that we made few or no Difcove¬
ries, but what had been made before ; that our
Voyages were, for the moft Part, ftridtly Com¬
mercial ; that our Settlements were generally
made by the Confent of the Natives ; that we
made no Conquefts ", and that the Undertaking
was fet on Foot, and carried on folely by our
Merchants.
This laft may be a Reafon why there is no Hiftory
regular Hiftory extant of the Englif V oyages, wanting.
Difcoveries, and Tranfa&ior.s in the Indies , as we
find there are many of the Portugucze and Spanijh.
3 Thefe Patents are to be found in Hakluyt's Colledtion. The firft was granted for twelve Years, to the Earls
of Warwick, Leicrfter, and certain Merchants of London, to the Number of thirty-two in all . 1 tie ccon or
ten Years, to eight Perfons of Exeter, London, and other Places. By this laft Patent it appear^, that the ottug.ti~~
refiding in London, advifedit; and that one Voyage had been made before the Grant. See akuyt, vo . 2.
part. 2. p. 1 14, and 123. b There is a brief Note of this in the fame Author, p. 193.
ry 0 However,
Voyagesc/z^English to
J40
1 552. However, it may be prefumed, that as the Eajl
Windham. India Company have kept regular Journals of their
1— ■ **v— ' Affairs ; and are furnifhed with Letters, and
other Memoirs of their Agents, a fatisfactory Ac¬
count thereof might thence be colle&ed, fhould
they order it to be drawn up. In the mean Time,
the Publick muff be content with what is to be
met with relating thereto, in the feveral Voyages
that have been publifhed from Time to Time, by
Particulars ; we mean chiefly as to theProgrefs of 1552.
the Company: For as to its Rife, and early Tranf- Windham,
a&ions in the Eajl Indies , a pretty good Account
may be gathered from the firft Voyages fet out by
that Society ; a complete Series of which we fhall
lay before the Reader, extra&ed chiefly from the
Colle&ion of Purchas , who was favoured with
the Ufe of the Company’s Books.
CHAP. I
Ibe fecond 3 Voyage to Barbary in the Tear 1552, by Captain Thomas Windham :
Written by Mr. James Thomas, the Captain s Page.
Fleet fets out. / | ^ HIS Voyage was fet forth by Sir John
1 Tork, Sir William Gerrard , Sir Thomas
Wroth , Meflieurs Francis Lambert , Cole , and
feveral other Merchants. The Ships that went
on this Voyage were three : Firft, the Lion , of
London , the Admiral, about one hundred and
fifty Tons ; Thomas Windham Captain, and Part
Owner, a Norfolk Gentleman, dwelling at Marjh-
f.eld Park , Somerfetjhire : Second, the Buttolfey
about fourfcore Tons ; and the third a Caravel,
bought of certain Portuguese in Newport in Wales ,
and freighted for this Voyage, of fome fixtyTons.
The Number of Men in the Fleet, were an hun¬
dred and twenty. The Mafter of the Lion was
one John Kerry , of Mynhed , in Somerfetjhire ;
and his Mate David Landman. This Fleet de¬
parted out of King-road , near Brijlol, on Monday
Morning, the Beginning of May 1552; and
Monday Fortnight in the Evening, came to An-
Saffi, or al chor in the Road of Zafa , or Afafi , on the
Sa thPort. Coaft of Barbary , in thirty-two Degrees of La¬
titude, which was the firft Port they were bound
to ; and there landed Part of their Merchandize,
to be conveyed to the City of Marokko.
Santa Cruz. After this, having refrefhed themfelves with
Victuals and Water, they went to the fecond
Port, called Santa Cruz , where they difeharged
the reft of their Goods; being Linen, and Woollen
Cloth, Coral, Amber, Jet, and divers other
Things, efteemed by the Moors. Here they found
a French Ship, which not knowing whether War
or Peace fubiifted between England and France ,
drew herfelf as near the Town as fhe could, crav¬
ing its Protection, if Need wTere ; infomuch, that
©bferving the Englijh to advance, a Piece was
fhot from the Wails, which flew between the
Main and Foremaft of the Admiral. Whereupon
carting Anchor, there prefently came a Pinnace
aboard toknowwhat they were; who, underftand-
ing, that they had been there the Year before, and
came with Confent of their King, were fully fatisfi-
ed, and gave them Leave to land their Goods. They
had not been long here, before the Vice-Roy,
whofe Name was Sibill Manache0 came to viiit
them, with great Courtefy : But by one Delay or
other, they fpent very near three Months before
they conld get in their Lading; which was Sugar,
Dates, Almonds, and Malartos, or Sugar Syrup.
Yet although they were here in the Heat of the
Summer, none of the Company died by Sicknefs.
The Ships being laden, they drew into the Put into
Sea for a Weftern Wdnd : But as they were fet- Lancerotta*
ting forward for England, th t Lion fprungaLeak,
fo that they were driven to Lancerota , on the Side
towards Forteventura ; where they landed out of
her feventy Cherts of Sugar, with twelve or fix-
teen of the Company. The Inhabitants fuppo-
fing the Caravel had been feized by them, fud-
denly came with Force, and took them Prifoners,
(among whom, the Author was one) and fpoiled the
Sugars. This being perceived from the Ships,
they manned out three Boats, to refeue them,
and put the Spaniards to Flight ; whereof they
flew eighteen, and took the Governor of the Take ibe
Ifland Prifoner, who was about feventy Years Governor
of Age : But chacing the Enemy too far, and Prifoner'
being in Want of Powder and Arrows, the Spa¬
niards^ who perceived this, returned and flew fix
of them in their Retreat. After this, coming to
a Parle, it was agreed, that the Englijh fhould be
exchanged for their old Governor ; and that a
Certificate fhould be given under his, and their
Hands, of what Damages they had received :
Which Damages were made good by the Spanijh
Merchants, upon their Return into England.
Having found out and flopped the Leak, portuguezt
they fet Sail; and as they left one End of the ‘Threats.
Ifland, the Cacafuego , and other Ships of the King
of Portugal's Armada, entered at the other, and
came to Anchor in the Road from whence the -
* " ^cre remains no Account of the firft \ oyage, farther than what is mentioned in the Introduction to this Book
t: l3^ V .
Englijh
Barbar y and Guinea.
141
1 r - 0 EngVijh departed, {hooting off their Ordnance in a
Windham their Hearing And here, by the Way, it is to
be noted, that the Portuguese a were much of¬
fended with this their new Trade into Barbary ;
and both in this and their former Voyage, gave
out in England , by their Merchants, with great
Menaces, that if they took the EngUJh in thole
AB^Pintea-
do.
Parts, they would ufe them as their mortal Ene- 1553-
mies. They were feven or eight Weeks before Windham
they could reach the Coaft of England , putting ^ Pu3ted"
firft into Plymouth : Soon after they arrived at
London , where they landed their Merchandize,
about the End of Ottober , 1552.
CHAP. II.
A Voyage to Guinea and Benin, in 1553, by Thomas Windham, and Antonio
Anes Pinteado, Captains,
Previous Remarks.
Editions. rry HIS and the following Voyage of Africa b
was firft publifhed by Richard Eden in a
fmall Collection ; which was afterwards reprint¬
ed with feveral Improvements in 4t0, by Richard
JVilles , in 1577 b. Hakluyt has infer ted both
thefe in his Collection with Eden’s Preamble, as
if it was his own ; only he aferibes the Account
of Africa to the right Owner c.
EDEN tells us, in his Preamble, that he
was prevailed on, by certain Friends, to make
feme Mention of thefe Voyages (performed at c
the Charges of certain Merchant Adventurers of
the City of London ) that the Memory of them
might be preferved : In regard they are the firft
ever performed by Englijbmen ; and thofe Parts
came to be more and more frequented. He far-
Tdradc todrU ther oblerves, that this new Trade might turn
out to the great Advantage of our Merchants, in
cafe it was not prevented by the Ambition of fuch ,
who, on account of conquering forty or fifty Miles
here and there , and erecting certain Fortreffes , or d
rather Block-houfes , among naked People , think
themfelves worthy to be Lords of half the World i
envying that others Jhould enjoy the Commodities
which they themfelves cannot wholly pojfefs. And
although he allows, that fuch as have been at
Charges in difeovering and conquefting (conquer¬
ing or acquiring) fuch Lands, might be entitled
to certain Privileges, Powers, and Advantages ;
yet it feerned to him fomewhat rigorous, unjuft, e
and unreafonable, that thofe who by Violence
Lize the Dominions of others, fhould deny to
any the Liberty of Trade in Places never or but
feldom frequented by them, and at a great Dif-
tance from their own Marts. Thefe Reflections,
which feem to be levelled againft the Portuguese ,
may alfo be applied to monopolizing Companies.
Mr. Eden received his Materials from Perfons
of Credit, who had made it their Bufinefs to pick
them up : But omits to fpeak of many Particu¬
lars, not very necefiary to be known ; yet fays,
they {hall be fet forth more fully in the fecond
Voyage, together with the exact Courfe of the
Navigation. In cafe any fhould think feme Per¬
fons too fharply reflected on, he gives them to
underftand, that Truth ought to take Place, for
the Encouragement of honeft Men, and Confu-
fion of Villains. After this follows a brief De-
feription of Africa.
We fhall, for our Part, only add, that if
fuch a Number of mere nautical Remarks, appear
irkfome to fome, it muft be confidered, that
Mariners will find their Ufe in them; and that
Geography and Navigation, at this Day, are often
beholden to thefe early Journals.
The Journal.
The twelfth of Augujl, 1553, there Jailed The Flees.
from P or if mouth two goodly Ships, the Primrofe
and Lion, with a Pinnace called the Moon', furnifhed
with 140 able-bodied Men, Ordnance and Victu¬
als. They were commanded by twoCaptains, the r
one a Portuguese , called Antonio Anes Pin tea do, 'ffjjfif '
the Son of Juan Anes, born in a Town named.
The Port of Portugal d, a wife, difereet and fober
Man. He was an expert Pilot, as well as pru¬
dent Captain ; and for his Skill in Navigation had
been in great Favour with the King of Portugal:
Who committed to his Care the Coafts of Bra-
zill and Guinea x againft the Infults of the French ,
to whom he was a Terror, in thofe Seas. He
was likewife a Gentleman of the King’s Houl-
hold : But falling afterwards into Dilgiace, thro
a In this, as for the moil Part in all the antient Voyages, they are called Portugal u
of Travayle in the Weft and Ea.fi -Indies, See. by Eden and It dies, . 4'", p. 33-'*
part 2. p. 9. a O Porto, or Port 0 Port .
2
fc See the I lilt.
See Hakluyt , Vol. a.
the-
1 42
T55L
Windham
end Pin tea-
do.
V o y a c e s English to
JJljud Ma¬
dera.
Windham’.!
Infoler.ee,
St.Nicholas,
River Sei'tos.
Guinea Pep-
per.
the malicous Informations 'of fome who envied
his good Fortune, was forced, by Neceffity, to
come to England, The other Captain’s Name
was Windham a, a Perfon of very different Qua¬
lities, and endowed with few or no Virtues at
ail. He began to {hew his evil Difpofition at
Par if mouth , by turning out of his Ship a Kinf-
man of one of the principal Merchants, con¬
cerned in the Voyages ; although it proved very
"happy for the young Man, and others wilhed he
had ferved their Sons in the fame Manner.
Setting out on their Voyage, they came
to the Hand of Madera , where they took, in
Wines for the Ufe of their Ships. At thefe
Hands they met with a great Galleon of the
King of Portugal' s, full of Men and Ordnance,
fent out on purpofe to prevent Ships of other
Nations from trading in thofe Seas; and parti¬
cularly to fruftrate this Voyage of the Engltjh , al¬
though they could not have done it, in cafe they
had attempted it. It feems the King of Portu¬
gal had been fecretly informed, that our Ships
were defigned againlt his Caftle of Mina , altho’
nothing lefs was intended.
Hitherto Windham behaved in a feemingly
very good-natured friendly Manner to Pinteado ;
but after they had left Madera, he began to change
his Carriage: He took upon him the foie Com¬
mand, fetting nought both by Captain Pinteado ,
and the Fadtors ; and proceeding even to vile
Language and Menaces. He took from Pin¬
teado the Service of the Boys, and certain
Mariners, that were affigned him by the Order
and DireCion of the Merchants, and left him
as a common Seaman : This was a fcnfible Mor¬
tification to that worthy Commander ; becaufe
nothing can afflict a Portuguese or Spaniard more,
than to be deprived of their Honours.
Sailing forward, and pafiing by the Canaries,
they came to the Hand of St. Nicholas ; where
they victualled with the Flefh of wild Goats,
which is very plenty there, though fcarce any
thing elfe is to be met with. From hence they
purfued their Courfe ; yet, to avoid arriving too
Icon at Guinea, on account of the Heats, they
tarried by the Way at the defert Ifles : But be¬
ing under an arbitrary DireCion, from whence
no Good can proceed, tarried too long. At
length they fell with the great River of Sejlo, on
the Coaft of Guinea, where they might have
laden their Ships with the Fruit of that Country ;
which is very hot, and much like a Fig as it
grows on the Tree, being full of Grains, which
a are loofe within the Cod, having a Hole through f /?£*.
the Middle b. Wind him
This kind of Spice is very much ufed in cold ^ £»***-
Countries, and may there be fold to great Ad - ' J*
vantage, in Exchange for other Wares : But the
Men, by the Perfuafion, or rather Compulfion,
of this tragical Captain, fetting light by that
Commodity, in Comparifon of the fine Gold
they thirlted after, failed an hundred Leagues
further, till they came to the golden Land : CtUCttf.
b Where, without attempting to approach the King
of Portugal’s Cafile, fituate on the River Mina,
they fold their Wares on this Side, and beyond
it, for the Gold of that Country, to the Quan¬
tity of an 150 Pounds Weight; and might have
had Gold in Exchange for their whole Cargo, if
Pinteado’ s Advice could have taken Place. But
Windham , though there was Gold enough where
he was, would needs go farther; and command¬
ed Pinteado (for fo he took upon him) to carry
c the Ships to Benin , an 150 Leagues beyond, un¬
der the Line, where he propofed to have them
laden with Pepper. Pinteado, confidering the late
Timeof the Year, advifed him not to go elfewhere,
but flay and difpofe of the Remainder of the Goods
for Gold. Windham, inftead of complying, fell
into a Rage, and reviled him, calling him Jew,
and other opprobrious Names, faying, this whore -
fan Jew hath promt fed to bring us to fuch Places as
are not to be found, ar he cannot bring us to : But
d if he do not, I will cut off his Ears, and nail them
to the Majl .
P INT EA DO’s View was to preferve th e River of
Men, well knowing their Lives would be inBemn*
Danger, either if they got thither too late, or
too foon : If too late, they were to meet with
the RoJjia, which is their Winter ; not for Cold,
but for (mothering Heat, with clofe and cloudy
Air and flormy Weather, of fuch putrifying Qua¬
lity, that it rotted the very Cloathsoff their Backs :
e If they arrived too foon, then they were to fear
the fcorching Heat of the Sun ; which was the
Reafon of their lingering by the Way. Thus
was he forced, againft his Will, to bring the
Ships to the River of Benin. Here calling An¬
chor, they fent their Pinnace up the River fifty
or fixty Leagues ; where Captain Pinteado , Fran-
eifeo a Portugal , Nicholas Lamb art. Gentleman,
and other Merchants landing, they were con¬
duced to the Court, ten Leagues from thence,
f Being arrived, they were brought amidll a great
Croud of People to the King’s Prefence. He was
a Black-Moor (although not fo black as the reft)
3 The fame who performed the two former Voyages to the Coaft of Marokko. b At the End of the fecond
Voyage he obferves, that thofe Holes (as he was informed afterwards) were to put Strings or Twigs through,
for hanging them up to dry. They grow not above a Foot and half, or two Foot from the Ground, and are as
red as Blood when gathered. The Grains themfelves are called, by Phyftcians, Gra?:a Paradf. The Reafon.
for giving this Name at firft to Guinea Pepper, will be mentioned in a Note hereafter.
and
1553-
Windham
tnd Pintea-
to.
The King's
*statc.
die
faft.
Kindnejs to
■he Englifh,
Bar bar y
and fate in a great Kail, long and wide: The
Walls were made of Earth, without Windows;
but in the Roof, which was of thin Boards, were
feveral Openings, like Funnels, to let in the
Air.
The King isferved with great State : His No¬
blemen never look him in the Face, but fit cow¬
ring upon their Buttocks, with their Elbows up-
on their Knees* and their Hands before their
Faces; nor dare lift up their Eyes, until his Ma-
jefty commands them. When they approach
him, as foon as they come in View, they aflume
the fame Pofture ; and when they retire, go
creeping backward, with like Reverence, it b^.-
intr a Crime to turn their Backs upon him.
'As to what palled between the King and the
Englijh , he fir ft caufed them to ftand up ; and
then, in P ortugueze (which he had learned from
his Infancy) he demanded the Caufe of their
Coming. They anfwered, by Pinteado , that they
were Merchants, and came to exchange the Com¬
modities of their own Country for thofe of his. The
King then defired them to look at thirty or forty
Kintals a of Pepper, which had lam a long 1 ime
in his Storehoufes, and to bring him a Sample of
their Merchandizes : T hereupon he fent fome of
his People to conduct the Captain and Merchants
to the Water-fide ; and others to fetch the Wares
from the Pinnace to the Court. When they
were returned, and the W^ares feen, the King
greed with the Merchants to provide, in thirty d
Days, the Lading of all their Ships with Pepper ;
and, in cafe their Goods fhould fall fhort of
the Value, he offered to give them Credit till
their next Return. He forthwith fent the Coun¬
try round to gather Pepper ; fo that within thirty
Days no lefs than fourfcore Tuns were brought
to the Court. .
Mean while the Englijh having no Command
of themfelves, eat the Fruits, and drank Palm-
tree Wine to Excels; neither could they be kept
from running continually into the Water to cool
their Bodies, melting with the Heat of the Cli¬
mate : So that not being ufed before to fuch fud-
den and violent Alterations* it brought on Swel-
lings and Agues, towards the latter End of the
Year ; whereby three or four, and fometimes
five, died in a Day. Windam finding his Men
drop off fo faft, as foon as the thirty Days were
expired, fent to Captain P inteado, and. the ref , ,
to come away forthwith : Fhey let him know
by Letter, what a great Quantity of Pepper they
had already procured, and that they daily expect¬
ed much more ; defiring him not to hurry them,
confidering what Reputation they fhould gain, in
cafe they fhould make a profperous Voyage, and
how fhameful it would be to return without full
and Guinea. H3
Lading. But Windham , not fatisfied with this 1553.
Anfwer, and the Mortality continuing amongft Windham
the Men, fent them Word, that if they did not™*2' pintea"
come away infhntly he would leave them behind.
Hereupon Pinteado , thinking to perfuade him
with Reafon, returned to the Ships, being con¬
duced thither by the King’s Order.
Mean Time JVindham , in a Rage, broke Windham’*
up Pinteado s Cabin and Cherts ; fpoiled fuch Dcatk-
cold ftilled Waters and Sockets as he had pro¬
vided for his Health ; and left him nothing ei¬
ther of his Inftruments to fail by, or Apparel :
Then falling fick himfelf died alfo. For all this,
Pinteado , when he came aboard, lamented his
Death as much as if he had been his beft Friend.
But his Troubles did not die with Windham: For
feveral, both of the Mariners and Officers, fpit
in his Face, fome calling him Jew, faying he
had brought them thither to kill them ; and o-
thers drawing their Swords at him, offering to
kill him. They infilling to leave the Coaff, he
defired them to flay only till thofe who were at
Court fhould return from thence ; but they
would not grant this Requeft. Then he in- Pinteado///
treated them to let him have the Ship-boat, with :'lcd-
aPiece of an old Sail, promising therewith to
bring the ref I into England, binding all he faid
was in vain, he wrote to acquaint the Merchants
with what had happened ; alluring them, in cafe
he lived, to return forthwith to fetch them. As
for Pinteado himfelf, after being kept aboard a-
gainft his Will, he was thruft among the Cabin
Boys, and worfe ufed than any of them, being
glad to find Favour at the Cook’s Hand.
H aving funk one of their Ships for want Dies for
of Hands, they departed, and fix or feven DaysGw/*
after, Pinteado died ; heart-broken with his cruel
Ufage : A Man worthy to ferve any Prince.
And of fevenfeore Men fcarce forty returned to
Plymouth , of whom alfo many died.
EDEN , who, with a generous Concern all Sufferings in
along, refen ts the ill Ufage of Pinteado , a Stran¬
ger, °at the End of this Voyage farther ac¬
quaints his Readers, that after he had been long
imprifoned by the King, he was releafed on the
Reprefen tation of that Prince’s ConfefTor, a Grey
Friar, who made known his Innocence ; that
it was Poverty, and not any Crime which 00-
liged him to leave his Country : I hat the King,
repenting of his Severity towards him, by Let¬
ters Patent, dated the twentieth of September ,
1551, in Confideration of his good Services,
made him a Knight of his Houlhold, ^witb a
Pcnfion of 700 Reis (or ten Shillings) a Month,
and an Alcayie (or half Luihel) of Bailey, fo
long as he kept a Horfe.
This Patent is to be found Loth in his and
. _
Portugal.
» Every Kir.tal is 100 Weight.
Hakluyt's
144
*55 4*
Lok.
Voyages of the E n
Hakluyt’s Collection ; with Francifco de Sequeyras , a
^ jlok. the Secretary’s Declaration of the King’s Grant,
v— — v/~“° written underneath the fame : Likewifea Letter
from Don Luis, the Infanto, the King’s Brother,
*’■** °'to Pinteado, dated the eighth of December , 1552.
to let him know that one Gonfalves was fent to
bring him home; and fignifying the Defire both
the King and himfelf had that he would return,
being fenfible he was able to do his Sovereign
much Service; and concludes with Profeflions of
gratifying him all in his Power. Eden faw the b
c l i s h to Guinea.
Originals in the Hands of his Friend Nicholas
Liefe , with whom Pinteado left them, at his De¬
parture for Guinea ; which Voyage he had per-
iuaded the Merchants to undertake. But he far¬
ther takes Notice, that notwithftanding thofe
friendly Overtures, Pinteado durft not venture
home, nor fo much as to converfe with his
Countrymen, unlefs in Company with others:
In regard he had private Intimation given him,
that they intended to murder him, if they could
but find a proper Opportunity.
CHAP. III.
Tlhe fecond Voyage to Guinea, in 1554, by Captain John Lok a. Written by one of
the principal Pilots.
S E C T. I.
'They pafs through the Canaries. Come to Cape de
las Barbas. Raife the Crofs. Cape Menfura-
do. Rivers Sefto and Dulce. Shawgro and
Shyawe Towns. Port St. Vincent. Cape Tres
Puntas. Samma. Cape Korea. La Mina
Cajlle. Perikow Grande.
tPretmble, 1% IT R. Eden obferves, that as in the firft
JLy j[ Voyage he had delivered rather the Or¬
der of the Hiftory, than Courfe of the Naviga¬
tion, which, at that Time, he could get no
right Information of; fo in this fecond Voyage,
his chief Intent was to give a regular Journal
thereof, in the fame Words, without any Alte¬
ration, as he received it from one of the chief
Pilots b employed in the Voyage, a fkilful Navi¬
gator, who committed his Obfervations to W rit-
ing. The Adventurers were Sir George Barne ,
Sir John York , Thomas Lok , Antony Hickman ,
and Edward Gajlelin. Eden tells us, that the
Author made ufe of nautical Inftruments ; but
the Latitudes he gives us, if obferved, are not
exaCt.
The Fleet The eleventh of Oftober , 1554, they left the
fits cut. Thames , with three good Ships, the Trinity , 140
Tuns; the Bartholomew 8 of ninety, and the
John Evangelifl , 140. There were likewife
two Pinnaces (whereof the one was drowned on
the Coaft of England .) Having flayed at Dover
fourteen Days, and at Rye , three or four, they
lafl of all touched at Dartmouth ; and thence
proceeding, the firfl of November , nine at Night,
they fet off the Start , bearing South-Weft,
and, by the third, about Noon, ran threefcore
Leagues.
The feventeenth, in the Morning, they had Mu-
Sight of Madera , which’ in the North North- der3,
Eaft Part, appears very high ; and, to the South
South-Eaft, is a low long Land, and a long
Point, with a Saddle thorough the Middle of it,
Handing in thirty-two Degrees. In the Weft
Part they faw many Springs of Water, defeend-
ingfrom the Mountain; alfo feveral white Fields, _
like Corn Fields, and fome white Houfes to the
South-Eaft. The Top of the Mountain feemed
very ragged ; and, in the North-Eaft Part, there
is a Bight or Bay, refembling a Harbour: Alfo
a Rock at a little Diftance from the Shore ; and
over the faid Bight you {hall, fee a great Gap in
the Mountain.
The nineteenth, at Noon, they had Sight of Palma
the Ifle of Palmes , Tenerijfa , and the Canaries.
The firft (which lies in twenty-eight Degrees)
rifeth round, and extends South-Eaft, and North-
Weft; the North-Weft Part is loweft. In the
South is a round Hill over the head Land ; and
another round Hill above that in the Land. Be¬
tween the South-Eaft Part of Madera , and the
North- Weft Part of Palme Ifle, are fifty- feven
Leagues. Their Courfe South, and South by
Weft, fo that they had Sight of Tenerijfa , and
of the Canaries. The South-Eaft Part of the Ifle
of Palme is diflant from the North North-Eaft of
Tenerijfa , twenty Leagues North-Weft. Tene- Tc-nerif.
: rijfa and the great Canarie , called Gran Cana - Canaria.
ria> and the Weft Part of Forteventura , ftand in
twenty- feven Degrees and a half. Gomera is a
a In prefixing the Name of Lok to this Voyage, we follow the lafl Edition of Hakluyt (as generally we do)
but in the firft Edition, p. 89. it is given under the Name of Robert Gainjh, who '<was Majier of the John Evan-
gelift, as we are informed by a marginal Note, at the Beginning, in both Copies. b Perhaps this might
be Gainjh. himfelf
fair
Voyages of the English to Guinea.
fair Ifland but very ragged, and lieth Weft South- a be eafily known: It Hands nearly in La ))?■
nj • rr - i c' _ ru ,rroar. Air^ flip Soiit-b-F.aft. there are thret
HS
Weil of Tenerift ; and the Courfe in failing be¬
tween them South by Eaft. In the South Part of
Gotnera is a Town, and good Road for Ships : It
Hands in twenty-feven Degrees and forty-five Mi¬
nutes. Tenerifta is high Land, with a great high
15M
Lok.
Cape de las
Barbas.
grees. Alfo to the South-Eaft, there are three
Trees ; the eafterinoft is the higheft, the mid-
dlemoft like a Hay-Stack, and the fouthermoil
refembles a Gibbet : Upon the Main, are four or
jiuLt-a xw.c,/< .. ... .. _ _ , _ 0 _ 0 five high Hills rifing one after another like
Pike like a Su«4r Loaft whofeTop iscovered with round Hillocks, and the South-Eaft of the three
Snow throughout the Year : By this Mark it may Trees, braudiernivife . The whole Coaft is a
be known 'above all ether Iflands. Here they white Sand.
were becalmed the twentieth of November , from The twenty-fecond, they came to the River Sefto,
fix in the Morning, till four Afternoon. b Sejlo , and remained theie till the twenty-ninth.
The twenty-fecond, under the Tropick of From hence they fent before them the x innace
Cancer , the Sun fets Weft by South. Upon the to the Rio Duke, that they might have the Be-
Coaft of Barbary , twenty-five Leagues North of ginning of the Market, before the Coming or
Cape Blanke , three Leagues from Shore, there the John Evangelijl. # .
are fifteen Fathoms, no Streams, and good flielly In the River of Sep, which Hands in fix ^e- Rio Duke.
Ground mixed with Sand j alfo two fmall grees lacking a 1 erce, they had a Tun of Grains.
From whence to Rio Dulce , in five Degrees thirty
Minutes, are twenty-five Leagues. The River
of Sejlo is eafy to be known by a Ledge of Rocks
half : All that Coaft is very d on the South-Eaft Part of the Road. And at the
feventeen Fathom Water ; Entrance of the Haven, there are fix 1 rees
Iflands in twenty-two Degrees, twenty Minutes.
From Gomera , they failed South by Eaft:
an hundred Leagues to Cape de las Barbas , in
twenty-two and a
flat with fixteen
or
CmfuHaticn
Crux.
and from that Cape, till within fwen or eight that bear no Leaves. This is a good Harbour,
Leagues of the River del Oro , is frequented by but very narrow at the Mouth, w^he re there is a
Spaniards and Portugals , who trade for Fifh, Rock juft as you enter. All the Coaft: between
during the Month of November. From thence Cape de Monte , and Cape de las i Palmas, . lies
they fleered South South- Weft, and South- Weft South-Eaft by Eaft, and North- Weft by W eft,
by South, till they came into twenty Degrees being three Leagues oft the Shore : And you
and a half, reckoning themfelves feven Leagues fhall have in fome Places, Rocks two Leagues
off [Shore:] And there were the leaft Shoals of off; and that between the River of hep, and
Blanke. c de las Palmas* #
Then they went South, till they got into From the River of Sejlo to the River Duu:e,Shav/zroar.i
thirteen Degrees, and by Eftimation twenty-five are twenty-five Leagues, and the high Land be--
Leagues off: They difeovered the Crofters, when tween, which begins eight Leagues from th<?
® ■ T'k i-i.i - former, is called Cakeado ; to the South-Lalt
whereof is a Place called Sbazvgro , and another
called Shy a we or Shauo, where you may get frefh
Water. Off Sbyaive lieth a Ledge of Rocks, and
to the South-Eaft a Head-Land called Crake , be¬
tween which and Cakeado are nine or ten Leagues.
Th e* firftof December, being in thirteen De- f To the South-Eaft hereof, is a Harbour called
grees they proceeded South by Eaft, till the fourth Vincent: Right over againft which there is a link
at Noon, when they were in nine Degrees twenty Rock, two Leagues and a halt from Shore. o
Minutes, and by Eftimation thirty Leagues Weft the South-Eaft of that Rock, there appears an
South-Weft of the Shoals of the Rio Grande, Ifland about three or four Leagues diftant, and
which are thirty Leagues long. not above one from the Coaft Eaft South-Eaft of
The fourth, being in fix Degrees thirty Mi- the Ifland, is a Rock, that rifes above the a r,
nutes, they began to fet their Courfe South-Eaft. and the Entrance of
The ninth, they diredled it Eaft South-Eaft : thereby may be known. The North-Weft |de
And the fourteenth Eaft, being then in five De- of the Haven is flat Sand . I he South-Eaft Si
grees, thirty Minutes, and by Computation thirty- g reiemblesan Ifland, and is a bare Plot without any
fix Leagues7 from the Coaft of Guinea. Trees, fuch as is not any where elfe. Ships ride
The nineteenth, they failed Eaft by North, in thirteen or fourteen ha thorns, good Ouze and
revenue,, Leagues difan, from Cape MM Sand ; being the Marks of tfa R«d ° br,n« ,he
they" were in fifteen Degrees ; and might have
done it fooner, if they had looked for them.
Thofe Conftellations are not right acrofs in No¬
vember, by Reafon that the Nights are Ihort
there : Neverthelefs they had Sight of them the
twenty-ninth of the fame Month.
which bore Eaft North- Eaft, and the River of
Sejlo Eaft.
c../r Men- The twenty- firft, they fell with Cape Menfu-
iura,!o. rado , to the South-Eaft, about two Leagues oft ;
which rifing like the Head of a Porpoife, may
Vol. I. N°. VII.
U
Ifland and the North-Eaft Land together. Here
they anchored the laft of December.
The third of January, they left the River
Dulce. Note , that Cape de las Palmas, is a fair
high Land ; but on the Eaft Side there are fome
- low
*554-
Lok.
C-ipt tres
Puntas.
*4^ '• Voyages c///^ En
low Places by the Shore, which look like red a
Cliffs, with white Streaks, refembling high
Ways, each the Length of a Cable. This
Cape is the Southermoft Land in all the Coaft of
Guinea , and ftandeth in four Degrees one third.
I i-i E Coaft from Cape cle las Palmas to Cape
Trepointes, or de tres Puntas , is fair and clear,
without Rock or other Danger. And twenty-
five Leagues from the former Cape, the Land 'is
higher then in any other Place, till you come to
the latter ; about ten Leagues fhort of which, b
it rifes gradually all the way thither : Likewife,
five Leagues before you come to it to the North-
Weft, there is certain broken Ground, and two
great Rocks ; within which in the Bight of a
Bay, is a Caftle called Arra , belonging to the
King of P ortugal , eafily known by the Paid Rocks
that lie cfF it ; there being none fuch, from
Arra Cajile. Cape de las Palmas to Cape Trepointes. This
Coaft lies Eaft by North, and Weft by South.
From Cape de las P almas to Arra , are ninety- c
five Leagues ; and the Coaft from that Caftle to
the Weftermoft Point of Trepointes , lies South-
Eaft by South, and North-Weft by North. This
Weftermoft Point is a low Land, running out
hall a Mile into the Sea : Alfo upon the inner-
moft Neck, to the Landward, is a Tuft of
Trees, and there they arrived the eleventh of
'January.
The twelfth of January , they came to a
Town called Samma or Samua , eight Leagues d
Eaft North- Eaft from Cape Trepointes .* In the
Way, is a great Ledge of Rocks far out to Sea.
They continued four Days at that Town, the
Captain whereof would needs have a Pledge: Ac¬
cordingly one was fent (being Sir John York’s
Nephewj whom, when they had received, they
detained, and would traffick no more ; but (hot
at them with their Ordnance, whereof they have
only two or three Pieces.
The fixteenth Day, they came to a Place called e
Cape Korea i where Captain Don John dwelleth,
whofe Men entertained them friendly. This
Cape is four Leagues Eaftward of the Caftle of
Mina> otherwife called La Mina , or Cajlello de
Mina where they arrived the eighteenth, and
made Sale of all their Cloth, faving two or three
Packs.
Phe twenty-fixth, they failed forward to the
Trinity , which was (even Leagues Eaftward of
them, where fhe fold her Wares ; and willed f
them to go Eaftward of that eight or nine Leagues,
in order to fell more in two other Places : The
firft called Per ekow, the farther Perekow Grande.
This laft may be known by a great round
Hill, named Alont Redondo , lying near it on the
Weft ; and by the Water-fide are many high
Palm-trees. °
Samma
Town.
Cape Korea
»r Cors.
Cajile La
Mina.
Perikow
Grande.
glish to Guinea.
SECT. II.
They return. Cape Verd IJlands. Raife the North
Star. Gold of Summa. Goods brought home.
Large Teeth and Head of an Elephant. Ele¬
phant deferibed. Inhabitants of the Coajl. Heat
from the Afoon. IVater Spouts. Ship cajl on
Land. Negro Ornaments. Huge Bracelets,
1 heir ExaSlnefs in dealing. Buildings , Diet.
ILoufes thatched with Dough. Excellent Corn.
Palm JViner The Ships Jheathed with Shells.
Diverfity of Climates and Complexions.
FROM hence they fet forth homeward the
thirteenth of February , and plied up along till
they came within feven or eight Leagues of Cape
Trepointes. 1 he fifteenth about eight at Nightr,
they eaft about to feaward : Here beware of the
Currents, for they will deceive you greatly. In
returning from the Coaft of Mina , be fure make
your Way good Weft, as far as Cape de las Pal¬
mas ; where the Current always fets Weft ward.
And within twenty Leagues Eaftward of that
Cape, you may have frefh Water, and Balaft
enough, with Plenty of Ivory, or Elephants
Teeth, at the River de los Potos , which is in River de log
four Degrees and almoft two thirds ; and when P°tos»
you reckon your felf as far (hot as the Cape, be¬
ing in a Degree, or a Degree and a half of Lati¬
tude, you may go Weft and Weft by North,
till you come into three Degrees : And then you
may go Weft North-Weft, and North-Weft by
Weft, till you come in five Degrees ; after
which proceed North- Weft. In fix Degrees they
met with Northerly Winds, and great ruffling
Tides ; the Currents trending, as they judged, to
the North North-Weft. Moreover, between
Cape de Monte and Cape Verde , there run great
Currents, which deceive many.
The twenty-fecond of Aprils they were in
eight Degrees : And fo they ran to the Nortft-
Weft, having the Wind at North-Eaft, and
Eaft North-Eaft, and fometimes at Eaft, till
May Day, that they came into eighteen Degrees
twenty Minutes. And fo from eighteen, forty
Minutes, they had the Wind at Eaft and Eaft
North-Eaft, and fometimes at Eaft South-Eaft ;
and then they reckoned the Blands of Cape Verde, r, v -
to he to the Eaft South-Eaft, forty-eight Leagues Ij/andiT. \
oft. In twenty and twenty one Degrees, they
had the Wind more Eafterly to the Southward
than before ; and fo they ran to the North-Weft,
and North North-Weft, and fometimes North
by Weft, and North, till they came into thirty-
one Degrees : Where they reckoned themfelves
a hundred and fourfeore Leagues South- Weft by
South of the Bland de los Flores ; and there
meeting with the W7ind at South South-Eaft,
fet their Courfe North-Eaft,
In ,
V o y ages of the English
In twenty three Degrees, they had the Wind a
at South and South-Weft, and then they fleered
North North- Eaft, till they got into forty De¬
grees; after this they bore North-Eaft, the Wind
being at the South- Weft, and the Ifland Flores
feventeen Leagues Eaft of them.
In fortv-one Degrees, they met with the Wind
at North-Eaft, and ran North-Wertward : Then
it blew Weft North- Weft, and at the Weft,
within fix Leagues, they running toward the
North -Weft. Prefently they eaft about, and lay 1
North-Eaft, till they came into forty-two De¬
grees, where they fet their Courfe Eaft North-
Eaft, judging the Ifle of Coruo to be thirty- fix
Leagues diftant, South by Weft.
to Guinea.'
Ships brought home
I47
*55 4-
Lok.
and
The Ships brought home this Time 400
Pound Weight and odd of Gold, of twenty-two
Carrats and one Grain in Finenefs : Alfo thirty-1
fix Buts of Grains [Guinea Pepper;] and abou
250 Elephants Teeth of different Sizes. Mr.
Eden meafured fome nine Spans in Length,
as they were bent: Others were as thick as a Large Teeth
Man’s "Thigh, and weighed about four-fcore and'
ten Pound Weight apiece. They fay, fome have
been feen that weighed an hundred and twenty-
five Pound each. I here was another Sort, which
they call Teeth of Calves, of one, two, or three
Years old ; whereof fome were a Foot and half,
others two Foot, and fome three or more long,
according to the Age of the Beaft. The great
uumii 1/ y v _ o _ ~> • . t 1
The twenty- firft of May, they confulted with Teeth or Tufks grow in the upper Jaw down-
_ 1 . . . , . . n >t ... _ j „ „ ,1 tlif* npf-hpr law nnwarrls.
Rorth Star
in View ,
John Rafe, and he thought it beft to go North-
Eaft, and judged himfelf to be twenty-five Leagues
Eaft ward of the Ifle de Flores , in thirty- nine De¬
grees and an half.
On the fourth of September , under nine De¬
grees, they loft the Sight of the North Star :
And in forty-five Degrees, the Compafs varied
in the nether Jaw upwards,
and Arras- Workers reprefent
ward, and not
as the Painters
them.
Xhey brought alfo from Guinea , the Head of Head of an
an Elephant, which Mr. Eden faw at Sir An- Extant.
c drew Juddes , Merchant ; fo very large, that the
Bones or Skull only, exclufive of the nether
eight Degrees to the Weft.’ In forty Degrees, it Jaw -d great Tute weighed I about jeo
Coldat Sam
ma.
varied fifteen Degrees in the whole : And in
thirty Degrees and half, five Degrees to the Weft.
The Author obferves here, that two or three
Days before they came to Cape de Tres Puntas ,
the Pinnace went along the Shore, thinking to
fell fome Wares ; fo their Ship eaft Anchor,
three or four Leagues Weft by South of the Cape,
where they left the Trinity , and their Pinnace (
came aboard for more Goods. They told him,
they would go to a Place rich in Gold, wheie
the Primrofe had taken in a confiderable Quan-
" tity in the firft Voyage. He fearing a Brigan¬
tine, that was then upon the Coaft, followed them,
leaving the Trinity about tour Leagues behind.
They rode before that Town four Days : So that
Martin , by his own Defire, and Affent of fome of
the Commiffioners, that were in the Pinnace,
went afhorc ; and John Berin went to trade
at another Town three Miles off. The Town is
called Samrna or Sarnua ; for Samma and Samma-
terra , are the Names of the two firft Towns,
where they trafficked for Gold, to the North-
Eaft of Cape de Tres Puntas.
The Pilot’s Journal of the Voyage ends
here : After which, Mr. Eden adds fome Ac¬
count of the Country, the People, and fuch
Things as are brought from thence ; partly from
Ptolemy , Gemma Frijius and other Geographers ;
and partly from the Report of thofe who made
the Voyage, which Remarks only we fhall infert
here.
Weight, and was as much as the Author could
well lift from the Ground : So that he con¬
cluded, if the two great Teeth, the nether Jaw
with the leffer Teeth, the Tongue, the great
hanging Ears, the big and long Snout or Trunk,
with all the Plefh, Brains, Skin, and other Parts
belonging to the Head, were added, the whole
1 could weigh little lefs then 500 W eight.
The Elephant ('which fome call an OliphantJ Elephant
is the biggeft of all four-footed beafts. His fore defcriM,
Legs are longer then his hinder : He hath Ancles
in the lower Part of his hinder Legs, and five
Toes on his Feet, undivided. His Snout or Trunk
is fo long, and in fuch Form, that it ferves in-
ftead of a Hand : For therewith he brings both
Meat and Drink to his Mouth, helps up his
Mafteror Keeper, and overthrows Trees. Be-
; ftde his two great Tufks, he hath, for chewing
his Food, on every Side of his Mouth, four Teeth,
each extending in the Jaw, almoft a Span in
Length ; and is about two Inches in Height, and
near as much in Thicknefs. The Tufks of the
Male are greater than thofe of the Female.. His
Tongue is very little, and fo far back within his
Mouth, that it cannot be feen a.
The Nig ri tee (or Negros) poffefs a great Part Inhabitants*
of Africa , extending Weftward to the Ocean,
f and Southward to the River Nigritis for Niger)
which increafes and diminifhes at the fame
Time with the Nile ; and produces the fame
Kind of Animals, as Crocodiles. For which Rea-
fon, Eden takes it for that called by the Portu-
■ We have omitted a long Account of the Elephant, extrafted from “S, «<¥«»•
As well as a Defcription of Africa from Gemma Frijius, referring the Reader to thofe Authors.
v U 2 *u<ze
148
J.554-
Lok.
Heat from
the Moon.
WaterSpouts
Ship caji on
Land,
Negro Or¬
naments.
Huge Brace-
lets.
Voyages of the En
gueze Senaga a. Thofe who made the Voyage, a
confirmed what is reported of this laft River,
viz. That on one Side, the Inhabitants are tall
and black ; and on the other Side, low of Sta¬
ture and tawny.
Some among them of good Credit affirmed,
that in the Night they felt a fenfible Heat, pro¬
ceeding from the Beams of the Moon b. They
.likewife faw certain Streams of Water, which
they call Spouts, falling out of the Air; fome of
them as big as the great Pillars in Churches, b
which lighting upon Ships, put them in great
Danger of finking. Eden , at a Lofs to account
for thefe Spouts, fuppofes them to be fuch Erup¬
tions of the Sea, as Arijlotle fpeaks of in his
Book de Mundo : Where among the reft, he fays,
at certain Times a great Quantity of Water is
lifted up and carried about with the Moon ;
which W ater rifing in one Place, Eden infers,
falls down in another.
On Occafion of thefe violent Motions of the c
Sea, he relates, that Richard Chancellor told him,
he heard Sebajlian Cabot fay, that fome where
upon the Coaft of Braftl , or Rio de la Plata (to
the beft of his Memory) his Ship or Pinnace
was fuddenly lifted from the Sea, and caft a good
way upon Land.
Touching the Manners and Nature of the
People on the Guinea Coafts: Their Princes and
Noblemen pounce and raife their Skins in di¬
vers Figures, like flowered Damafk. And al- d
though they go in a Manner all naked, yet many
of them, efpecially their Women, are, as it were,
laden with Collars, Bracelets, Hoops and Chains,
either of Gold, Copper or Ivory. I myfelf
(fays Eden) have one of their Ivory Bracelets,
weighing thirty-eight Ounces. It was made of
one whole Piece of the thickeft Part of the
Tooth, turned and fomewhat carved ; with a
Hole in the Midflr, to let the Hand through.
Some wear one on each Arm and Leg, where- e
with they are often fo gauled, as to become in
a Manner lame ; yet they will by no Means leave
them off. Some wear alfo on their Legs, great
Shackles of bright Copper ; which they think to
be no lefs comely. They likewife make ufe of
Collars, Bracelets, Garlands and Girdles of cer¬
tain blue Stones like Beads. Some of their Wo¬
men wear on their bare Arms, certain Fore-
fleeves, made of Plates of beaten Gold ; and on
their Fingers, Rings of Gold Wire, with a f
Knot or Wreath, like that which Children make
in Rulh Rings. Among other Things of Gold,
L554-
Lok.
glish to Guinea,’
which the Englijh had in Exchange, were certain
Chains and Collars for Dogs.
They are very v/ary in bargaining, and will
not lofe the leaf! Spark of Gold. They have^'f ,n
Weights and Meafures, and are very circum- >a^Cm
fpedt in them. Whoever would deal with them,
muff behave civily ; for they will not traffick if
they be ill ufed. In the firft Voyage it happen¬
ed, that one of the Englijh Sailors ftole, or took
away by Force a Mufe (or Civit) Cat from the
Place they firft touched at, never imagining that
a Fraud committed in one Place would hinder
their Trading in another. But although they
made what hafte they could to the Port they
next defigned for, yet the News of the Injury
got there before them : Which fo offended the
Inhabitants, that they would bring down no Wares
to the Sea-lide, till fuch Time as the Aggreffor
had either reftored the Cat, or payed for her at
their own Price.
Their Houfes are made of four Polls or Houfes. Diet,
Trees, and covered with Boughs. Their com¬
mon Food is Roots, and Filh, whereof they
have great Plenty. Among the reft is the flying
Filh, like thofe in the Wejl Indian Sea. The
Englijh intended to lay in Provifion of their
Filh, but found they would not take Salt : Some
fay, they muft be eaten forthwith ; yet others
affirm, that being faked immediately after they
are taken, they will keep ten or twelve Days.
But what is more ftrange ; Part of the Flelh
they carried out of England , which putrified
there, became fweet again at their Return into
the temperate Climates.
Their Bread is made and baked after an odd Their Bread,
Manner. They grind with their Hands between
two Stones, as much Corn as they think may
fuffice their Family ; and having thus brought it
to Flour, make thereof very thin Dough, which
they ftick upon fome Poll of their Houfes ;
where it is baked by the Heat of the Sun, and
lies till they take it down to eat.
They have very fair Wheat, the Ear whereof Excellent
is two Handfuls in Length, and as large as a great Corn,
Bulrulh ; being almoft four Inches about, where
thickeft. The Stem or Straw feems near as
thick as a Man’s little Finger : The Wheat itfelf
is round like Peafe, and very white, fhining
like Pearls, that have loft their Lufhe. Al¬
moft the whole Subftance turns into Flour, making
little or no Bran. Mr. Eden counted in one Ear,
twTo hundred and threefcore Grains. The Ear is
inclofed in three Blades, each longer than iifclf.
3 Others fuppofe the Gambia is the fame with, or a Branch of, the Niger : But in all likelihood they are all
different Rivers. b The Author feems to take the Planets for fiery Bodies, like the Stars, and quotes Pliny for
his Authority ; alfo the Words of Pfalm exxi. 6. The Sun Jhall not burn thee by Day, neither the Moon by
Night. If this Phenomenon be Fad, it muft be owing to the Moon’s reflecting the Sun’s Beams ; for fhe has
none of her own.
5
and
Voyages of the English to Guinea.
1554. and two Inches broad: And by this Fertility, the a
Lok. Sun feems in Part to make amends for the great
Inconveniencies the Natives incur from its intenfe
Heat.
Palm Wine. Their Drink is either Water, or the Juice
that drops from the cut Branches of the barren Date
Trees, called Pahnitos : To receive which, they
hangeither great Gourds at the faidBranches every
Evening, or elfe fet them underneath the Trees,
that the Drops may fall therein till Morning.
They fay, this Liquor taftes much like Whey, b
but fomewhat more fweet, and pleafant. They
cut the Branches in the Evening, becaufe they
are clofed by the Heat in the Day. They have
alfo great Beans as big as Chefnuts, .and very hard,
with a Shell inftead of a Hulk.
Ships jhtatb- When they came home, they found the Keels
‘sbeii'f their Ships quite covered with certain Shells,
more than two Inches in Length, and wide
enough to put one’s Thumb in. The Author
faw the Primrofe in the Dock almoft covered with c
them ; which, in his Opinion, muft have hinder¬
ed her Sailing. They affirm, that in thefe there
grow certain flimy Subftances, which' at length,
flipping out into the Sea, become thofe Fowls
which we call Barnacles a. The like Shells have
been feen on Ships returning from Ireland , but
not paft half an Inch in Length. Their Ships
were alfo in feveral Parts eaten with the Worms,
called Bromas and Biffas , whereof Mention is
made in the Decades b. Thefe creep between d
the Planks, which they eat through in many
Places.
Difference of It obfervable, that whereas they failed to
Guinea in feven Weeks, they could not return in
lefs than twenty. This they imputed to the
Wind being continually at Eaft, about the Coaft
of Cabo Verde ; fo that they were forced to fail
far cut of their Courfe into the Ocean, to find
a Weft Wind to bring them home. They loft
this laft Voyage about twenty-four of their Men, e
whereof many died at their Return into the cold
Climates ; as between the Iflands of Azores and
England. They brought with them certain black
I49
Slaves; fome of them were tall and ftrong Men, 1554.
and could well agree with our Meats and Drinks ; Lok.
the cold and moift Air doth fomewhat oft'end
them : Yet the Author takes it for granted, that
Men born in hot Regions, may better endure
cold, than -the Natives of cold Countries can
bear Heat ; in regard (he fays) vehement Heat
diflolves the radical Moifture, but Cold conftrin-
ges and prefer ves it.
It is a furprifing Operation of Nature, that And Com.
whereas every where under, and near the Line,^**»«.
throughout Africa , the Regions are extream hot,
and the People very black, with fhort curled and
woolly Hair ; on the contrary, the Countries
in the IVe/l- Indies^ (or America ) within the fame
Limits, are very temperate, and the People of an
Olive Colour, with long and black Hair : The
Caufe of which Variety, is explained in divers
Places in the Decades (before-mentioned.) Mr.
Eden thinks it alfo worth taking notice of, that
thofe who performed the Voyage, overtook the
Sun, (in their Paflage outward) having had it to
the North of them the fourteenth of March at
Noon.
Table »/ Latitudes Obferved.
La t.
Madera N. N. E. Point
__
Degr.
32
Min.
O
Palma Ifland —
m
«
28
O
Teneriffa 0
Grand Canaria 5
11 ‘ 1
F 1 1
27
30
Two Ifes — -
. _
__
22
20
C. de las Barbas
—
_ _ _
-
22
3°
C. Menfurado
—
—
6
00
Sejlo River —
—
—
- -
5
40
C. de las Palmas
—
. —
- -
4
20
De los Potos River
—
—
—
4
40
Variation of the Compafs.
In Latitude
45 0
Variat.
8
0
W,
40 0
15
0
3° 3°
5
0
a In this, doubdefs, they either impofed on him, or were impofed on themfelves. b He means, we
prefume, thofe of Peter Martyr, Part of which Eden tranflated and published.
C II A P.
1 5°
Voyages of the English to Guinea,
CHAP. IV.
1 5 5 5 ♦ 7 he Fir jl Voyage made
Towrfor. J °
to the Coaft of Guinea, by William Towrfon, Mer- ^555*
London, 1555. c/'v^O
S E C T. I.
They pafs the Canary JJJes. Fall with the Bar¬
bary Shore. Rio del Oro. Capes Blanko and
Verde. Coajl of Guinea. Thunder and Light¬
ning. Dangerous Shore. River San Vincent.
The Inhabitants. Trade for Pepper.
^Leaves S~\ N Monday the thirtieth of September , they
Newport. left Newport Haven , in the I fie of Wight ,
with two good Ships, the Hart and Hind , both
■of London. The Mailers were John Ralph, and
William Carter ; being bound to the River de
Sejlos in Guinea, and other Ports thereabout.
The Winds were fo various, that it was the
fourteenth of Ottober, before they could fetch the
Road of Dartmouth : Where having continued fix
Days, the twentieth they warped out, and fet
Sail, directing their Courle South-Well ; and
next Morning they had run, by Eftimation, thirty
Leagues.
The firft of November, they found themfelves
in thirty-one Degrees of Latitude, by the Reck¬
oning of their Mailer ; and ran this Day about
forty Leagues.
The fecond, they failed thirty-fix Leagues.
f>orto Santo The third, they had Sight of Porto Santo ,
deferibtd, which is a fmall Ifland in thirty-three Degrees
Latitude, about three Leagues long, and one and
half broad, polFelfed by the Portuguese . It ap¬
peared to them, coming from the North North-
Weft, like two fmall Hills near together. The
Eaft End is a high Land, like a Saddle, caufed
by a Valley. The Weft End is lower, with cer¬
tain fmall round Hillocks. The fame Day at
Madera, eleven, they raifed the Ifland of Madera, twelve
Leagues from Porto Santo. Towards the South-
Weft the Land is fair and fruitful ; it is inhabit¬
ed by Portuguese. It appears afar off, like a
great Whole Land, and high. By three of the
Clock, Afternoon, they were athwart of Porto
Santo, and bore South- Weft, to leave the Ma¬
dera to the Eaft. About three in the Morning,
they were within three Leagues of the Weft End
of Madera, and, by Means of the high Hills
there, were becalmed ; having ran, by Compu¬
tation, thirty Leagues in the Whole.
The fourth, they lay ftill, becalmed till one
o’ Clock, Afternoon; and then the Wind blow¬
ing from the Eaft, they fet Sail, and ran that
Day fifteen Leagues.
The fifth, they ran fifteen Leagues more.
The fixth, in the Morning, they raifed th t Pike of
Ifle of Tenerijf, otherwife called the Pike ; becaufe fcnenf.
it is a very high Ifland, with a Pike on the I op,
like a Sugar Loaf. The fame Night, they faw
the Ifle of Palma, which is high alfo, and to the
Weft of Tener iff.
The feventh, they perceived the Ifle of Gi?- Gomera.
> fner a, which lies betwixt Tenerijf and Palma,
about twelve Leagues Eaftward of the latter, and
eight Leagues Weft of the former : But for Fear
of being becalmed by this, they left both Ifles to
the Eaft, and paffed betwixt Palma and Gomera ;
having ran this Day and Night, thirty Leagues.
Note, that thefe Iflands are fixty Leagues from
Madera ; and that there are three more to the
Weftward b of Tenerijf j named the Grand Ca¬
naria, Forte Ventura, and Lancerot , (inhabited by
; Spaniards) of which Iflands they came not in
Sight.
This Day alfo they had Sight of Ferro, which Ferro,
is thirteen Leagues to the Southward of the other
Iflands, and is pofleffed by Spaniards. All this
Day and Night, by Reafon of the Wind, they
could not double the Point of Ferro, except they
had gone to the Weftward of it, which would
have been much out of their Way. Wherefore
they tacked about, and ran back five Hours Eaft
] North-Eaft, to the End they might double it up¬
on the next Board, the Wind continuing South-
Eaft, a Thing which feldom happened upon that
Coaft; for the Wind blows there, for the rtioft
Part, North-Eaft, and Eaft North-Eaft : So up¬
on the other Board, by next Morning, they were
in a Manner with the Ifland, and had Room
enough to double the fame.
The eighth, they kept their Courfe as near
the Wind as they could ; becaufe being fcanty,
e they could not go their due Courfe to fetch the
Coaft of Barbary, which was South-Eaft by Eaft.
They ran this DayandNight twenty-five Leagues;
the ninth, thirty Leagues ; the tenth, twenty-
five Leagues ; and the twelfth, twenty-four.
The twelfth, they faw a Sail under their Lee, p„rfut s
which they took for a Fifherman ; and meant to Skip.
have fpoken with him : But an Flour after, there
a This Voyage is taken from Hakluyt, Vol. 2. part. 2. p. 23. It contains thirteen Pages, and feems to have
been written by Mr. Tc<wrfon himfelf, who may be confidered as Captain ; and fo we fometimes call him. He
performed this Voyage the Year before, as appears from feveral Paflages in the following Journal : So that it is
his firft Voyage only as Captain, or chief Dire&or in it. b It fhould be Eaftward.
fell
a Fog, that they could neither fee the
nor one the other. They (hot off divers
Bsrbary
Store.
Rio del
Oro.
i See another
i Sail, .
Voyages of the
1 555. fell fuch
Towrfon. Ship,
Pieces to the Hind , but fhe heard them not : Af-
terNoon fhe (hot off aPiece which theHart heard,
and anfwered with another. Half an Hour after,
the Fog brake up ; and they found tbemfelves
within four Leagues of the Barbary Shore, in
fourteen Fathom Water : The Bark a alfo came
and anchored with them, by Reafon of the con¬
trary Wind. When they fell with the Land,
they could not juftly tell what Part it was ; be-
caufe moll: of that Coaft being low Land, one
has nothing to judge by, but the Shore itfelf,
which is white like Chalk or Sand, and very
deep to thevery Strand. By the Pilot’s Reckoning,
they were fixteen Leagues to theEaft of the River
del Oro. Here they immediately began to fifh,
and found great Store of what the Portuguese
commonly fifh for upon that Coaft, which they
call PergoJJes , and the French , Saders-, but the
Englijh, Salt-water Breams. During the Fog,
the Ship which they followed, fleered fuch a
Courfe, that they could fee her no more, by
Reafon of the fhooting off to find the Hind again.
The thirteenth, Afternoon, the Hart fpied a
Sail making toward them, which they judged to
be the Sail that they faw the Day before. The
Captain ordered the Hind to weigh Anchor, and
fail up to her, and manned out the Skiff, either
to lay her aboard, or to difeern what floe was,
The Hart alfo weighed in half an Hour : But
the Veffel perceiving them, tacked about ; and
fhortly after there fell fuch another Fog, which
continuing all that Night, they were conftrained
to leave the Chace. 7'his Afternoon the Wind
came about, and they bore South- Weft by Weft,
to get clear of the Coaft. They ran that Night
fixteen Leagues.
7' he fourteenth, in the Morning, was very
foggy : But about twelve o’ Clock, they efpied a
Caravel of fixty Tons, fifhing; and fent their
Skiff to her with five Men, 7'he Caravel,
for Hafte, let flip her Anchor, and fet Sail :
Which they feeing, purfued her, though wuthout
any Weapons; and in the End, overtaking, made
her ftrike, and brought her away, although there
were fourteen or fifteen Men aboard, all with
Arms; but they had not Hearts to refift. Being
come to Anchor near the Hart , the Captain
caufed then the Skiff to come for him ; and went
aboard to fee that no Harm fhould be done them,
nor any Thing taken, but what they were willing
to fpare for Money. So the Englijh had of them,
three Tapnets of Figs, two fmall Pots of Oil,
two Pipes of Water, four Hogfheads of Salt-fifh,
which they had taken upon the Coaft, and cer¬
tain frefh Fifh, which they did not efteem ; be-
English /a Guinea,
I Take a Ca¬
ravel.
a caufe there is fuch Plenty upon that Coaft, that 1555.
in an Hour, and fometimes lefs, a Man may take Towrfon.
as much as will ferve twenty for a Day. For ** V— ^
thefe Things, and fome Wine, which was drank
aboard, and three or four great Cans, which they
fent to the Ships, the Captain paid them twenty-
feven Piftolets, which was twice as much as they
would willingly have taken ; and helped them to
get up their Anchor and Cable, which they had Arireleak
let flip. After this, they fet Sail ; but the Wind her. ? '
> caufed them to anchor again, about twelve
Leagues off the River del Oro. There were five
Caravels more in this Place ; but on Sight of the
Fleet, they all made off for Fear.
The fifteenth, they continued in the fame
Place, becaufe of the Wind.
The fixteenth, they fet Sail, and ran fort yPafstbs
Leagues. This Day, by the Reckoning of the7™//*.
Pilots, they paffed the Tropic of Cancer. The
feventeenth, they advanced twenty-five Leagues,
moftly within Sight of the Coaft of Barbary.
The eighteenth, they failed thirty Leagues ; Cape Blanc®,
and at twelve o’ Clock, by the Reckoning of the
Pilots, they were thwart of Cape Blanke.
The twenty-fecond, thePilots reckoned them Cape Verde!
to be in the Height of Cape Verde.
The twelfth of December , they had Sight of Coaft af
the Coaft of Guinea , which as foon as they faw, Guine*3 "
they hauled into the Land North-Eaft ; and about
twelve o’ Clock at Night, came within lefs than
two Leagues of the Shore; then tacked about,
and found eighteen Fathom Water. Afterwards
they faw a Light towards the Shore, which they
took for a Ship ; and thereby judging it to be
the River de Sejlos b, forthwith calt Anchor,
armed their Tops, and made all Things ready to
fight, doubting it might be fome Portuguese or
Frenchman : But in the Morning, feeing no Vef¬
fel, they judged the Light came from Shore.
About two Englijh Miles from them, they fpied
four Rocks, one great, and three fmall. Then
they proceeded Eaft South-Eaft along the Shore,
becaufe the Mafter did not well know the Place;
but thought they were not fo far Eaft as the Ri¬
ver de Sejlos.
All this Land is low, and full of very high Thunder and
Trees along the Shore ; fo that it is not poflible to Lightning.
know whereabout one is, except by the Latitude.
In thefe twenty-four Hours, they ran fixteen
Leagues: For all the Night they had a great
Gale, with much Thunder and Lightning.
The thirteenth, for the mod Part, they ran Dangerous
Eaft South-Eaft, two Leagues from the Coaft, Shore.
and found the Land full of Woods, and great
Rocks clofe to the Shore, againft which the Sea
beat violently ; the Waves breaking as white as
Snow, and mounting fo high, that they might
* This feems to be a diftinct Veffel from the Hind
Or Sejlro ,•
eafily
152
1 555*
Towrfon.
Voyages of the English to Guinea.
eaHybedifcerned four Leagues off, in fuch wife a Men but t4§£
that no Boat could land there. At Noon tney
took the Sun, and judged themfelves to be twenty-
four Leagues to the Eaft of the River de Sejlos .
Therefore they flood towards Land, and anchored
within two Englifh Miles of Shore, in fifteen Fa¬
thom Water ; where the Sea was fo fmooth, that
they might have rid by an Hawfer. That After¬
noon they trimmed the Boat, that fhe might go
along by the Shore to feek fome Place to water
very u<*ly, and long, hanging down like the Ud- Towrfon.
der of° a Goat. Many have them of fuch a'* —
Length, that they lay them on the Ground, and
lie down upon them. . .
The fame Morning, they went into the Ri- Guinea
ver with the Skiff, and carried Bafons, Manels,P^.
&c. and took that Day, one Hogfhead, and one
hundred Weight of Grains % and two Elephant’s
Teeth, at a reafonable Rate. They fold them.
in
AW alering-
place.
S they couW not turn back again to the b both Manellios, and Margarits, but they liked
Th e fourteenth, they went back again along gave the Negroes fix JBafons].
the Coaft, and about Noon, the Boats found
Watering-place. Being far out at Sea, they met
with divers Boats of the Country, fmall, long,
and narrow, with only one Man in each, to
whom they gave Bread, which they were very
The fixteentb, in the Morning, they carried
fome of every Sort of their Merchandize : But 6
the Natives made light of them, as well as of
the Wares they were fo fond of the Day before ;
offering for Bafons what could not be taken. So
River St.
Vincent.
Inhabitant:,
to them with frefh W^ater ; and this Night they
anchored againft a River.
The fifteenth, they weighed, and fet Sail to
go near the Shore. They founded all the Way,
and found fometimes Rocks, fometimes fair
Ground; and never lefs than feven Fathom at
the leaft. Within a Mile of Shore, they met with
feven Fathom and a half ; and there anchored in
a Manner before the Mouth of the River : It is
called St. Vincent in the Charts ; and about a Mile up
it, the Boats found very good Water. . This Ri¬
ver lieth in four Degrees and half, and is by Elti-
mation, eight Leagues beyond the Sejios : But is
fo hard to find, that a Boat fhall not difcein it at
half a Mile Diftance, becaufe the Entrance is
quite hidden by a Ledge of Rocks ; which being
much broader than the River, a Boat muft run in
a good Day betwixt the Rocks and the Shore, be¬
fore it come at the Mouth, But the River itfelf
is very large, and divers others fall into it: How¬
ever the Entrance is fomewhat inconvenient, be*
caufe the Sea runs pretty high ; but being once
within, it is as calm as the Thames.
This River is inhabited near the Sea, by a very
large Kind of People, who go all naked ; except
a Clout to cover their Nakednefs, about a quarter
of a Yard long, made of the Bark of Frees,
which will fpin fmall, after the Manner of Linen.
Some wear the like upon tneir Heads, painted
with divers Colours : But, ror the moll Part, they
go bare headed, their Hair being clipped, and
fhaved in various Manners. Moft of them have
their Skin rafed with divers Work?, in Manner
of a Leather Jerkin. Both Sexes go alike ; fo
the Women cannot be known from the
that
Pound Weight of Grains, by Means of the Ne¬
gro’s Captain, who would fuffer none to fell any
Thing, but through his Hands, and at his Price.
He was fo fubtil, that for a Bafon he would not
give fifteen Pound Weight of Grains, and fome¬
times would offer fmall Difh-fulls; whereas be¬
fore they had Bafkets full. When he found the
Englifh would not take fuch Quantity, he depart¬
ed, with all the Boats ; thinking, belike, that
they would have followed them, and complied
with their Terms : But perceiving their Drift,
they weighed their Crapnel, and went away.
SECT. II.
Towns and Manufactures of the Negros. Man¬
ner of Traffic. Eafily offended. Tides. Trees ,
and all Vegetables , ever-gr een. The People idle.
Their Language. Invite the Englifh to trade.
Cape das Palmas. Bejl Part for Pepper. Eggs
without Shells. River and Town. The Inhabi¬
tants fwear by the Sea. Trade for Elephants
Teeth.
AFTER this, going on Land to fee the*-" «
Country, threefcore of them came about tmaf
the Englifh , of whom at firfl they were afraid ;
but at length, finding no Harm was done
them, grew familiar, and would come and take
them by the Hand. On the other Side, thofe who
landed, went into their Towns : Which confuted
of about twenty fmall Hovels, covered with green
Leaves, and Baggage ; the Sides all open, and a
Scaffold underneath the Houfe, about a Yard high,
where they lie, and work many pretty Things
out of the Barks of Trees. They .alfo forge hand-
. That is. Grains of Paradife s So the kalian, (from whom we took the Name) called Guinea Pepper when
foa they faw it, not knowing what it was. And hence comes the Ntune of the Gram-Oaf.
fome
* 555*
Towrfon.
Manner of
Traffic.
Eafily
Tended.
fide here.
y range
\rees.
fidfe and
ygetables,
\\vergreen.
V o v A g e s of the E N
fome Dirts, and various Inftruments of Iron to a
make their Boats, befides other Utenfils ; the Wo-
/men labouring as well as the Men. Divers of the
Women, to divert their Vifitants, danced, and
fang after their Manner, which was not very
agreeable to the Ear. Their Song was, Sakere,
Sakere , ho , ho, Sakere, Sakere, ho, ho! Leaping
and clapping their Hands all the while. They faw
no Cattle or other Animals among them; except
two Goats, fome little Dogs, and fmall Hens.
After they had gratified their Curiofity, they b
returned aboard : Which the Captain of the firft
Town perceiving, fent two of his Servants in a
Boat, with a Bafket of Grains ; who, by Signs,
invited them to come again, when they had fiept,
into their River, promifing Plenty of that Com¬
modity ; a Sample of which, they Ihewed the
Englijh.
Ac cor din G l y, the feventeenth in the Morn¬
ing, Mr. Towrfon fent the Matter on Shore, with
the reft of the Merchants. When they got c
into the River, the Captain, with others, came
and brought Grains. Not feeing Towrfon there,
he made Signs to know where he was ; and being
anfwered, that he was on Ship-board, he afked,
who was the Diago , or Captain ? For fo they call
theirs; And they pointed to the Matter of the
Ship. Then he began to fhew his Grains ; but
held them fo dear, and at the fame Time had fo
imall a Quantity, that they took but fifty Pound
Weight of them, and came away. d
Then going afhore at the little Town, where
they were the Day before, one of the Company
plucked a Gourd : Which fo offended the Negros,
that many of them came with their Darts and
great Targets, and made Signs to them to depart;
which they did, having but one Bow, and two
or three Swords. As foon as they got on board,
the Ships fet Sail : But the Wind being off the
Sea, they could not get clear of certain Rocks ;
and therefore caft Anchor again. e
This River of St. Vincent ebbs and flows
every twelve Hours, but never confiderably ; the
greateft Ebb while they were there, having been
one Fathom and an half.
This Country, as far as they could perceive,
was quite covered with Trees, different from
thofe of Europe , and of many Sorts ; with great
Leaves, like the Dock, taller than any Man is
able to reach. f
There are certain Peafe by the Sea-fide,
having very great and tall Stalks ; one of which
the Captain meafured, and found twenty-feven
Paces long ; They grow upon the Sand like Trees,
and fo near the Sea, that fometimes it floweth in¬
to the Woods, as they might perceive by the
Water-marks. In this Place the Trees, and all
other Vegetables are continually green; Likewife
the Wind blows all Day off the Sea, and all
Vox, I. N° 7. X
g l i s h ^Guinea.
*53
Night off the Land, which the Matter wonder- 1555.
ed at ; but it varied fometimes. Towrfon.
This Night, at nine o’Clock, the Wind
fpringing up at Eaft (which ordinarily aboat that
Time blew North North-Weft from Shore) they
weighed, and hauled off ; but the next Morning
hauled in again to Land, and each Ship took in
fix Tuns of Water.
Mr. Towrfon could not perceive that there The P:»pt.e
was Gold here, or any thing elfe of Value; the"*'
People being fo wild and idle, that they minded
nothing. They might gather Plenty of Grains,
if they would take Pains ; but he could not per¬
ceive two Tuns in all the Place. There are
fome Fowls in the Country, but the People will
not be at the Trouble to catch them. The fol¬
lowing Words is a Specimen of their Language.
Their L<w~
guage.
Bezow , hezow , Is their Salutation.
Manegate a foye , Grains enough.
Krokow a foye , Hens enough.
Zeramme a foye ? Have you enough ?
Begge fakke, Give me a Knife.
Begge home , Give me Bread.
Borke , Hold your Peace,
Koutrckke Y e lye
Veede, Put forth, or empty.
Brekeke , Row.
Diago , Their Captain, and
fome call him Dako. They fpeak very thick,
and often repeat the fame Word three Times to¬
gether, the laft Time longeft.
The eighteenth, toward Night, as they were/”M'J °f & e
failing along the Coaft, they met with certain Countr3'
Boats, which informed them, that in a River
oppofite to them, there were Grains to be fold :
But they would not go thither, left the Hind
fhould get before them. This River hath lying
before it, three great and five fmall Rocks ; and
on its Bank ftand a great and little Tree. They
hauled this Night, along the Coaft, ten Leagues.
The nineteenth, as they coafted the Shore,
about twelve o’Clock, there came out three Boats ra “
to tell them, that they had Grains, and brought
fome for a Sample : But not coming to ftay, they
proceeded and anchored by the Shore all Night,
having ran this Day ten Leagues.
The twentieth, the Hind , having anchored
by them among the Rocks, and in foul Ground,
loft a fmall Anchor. At Noon, as they patted
along, there came a Negro, fhewing Signs, that
if they would go afhore they fhould have Grains.
Where they anchored at Night, there came
others with Grains, which theyftiewed them, and
made Signs that they fhould tarry. In the Night
alfo, they lighted a Fire upon the Land, to diredb
them where to put afhore : The like was done in
divers other Places upon the Coaft, where the
Natives faw them anchor.
Ever
*54
1 555-
Towrfon.
Shore.
Cape das
Palmas.
Beji Part fc
Pepper.
Eggs with¬
out Shells.
Voyages of the En
Ever fince they left the Watering-place, they
found the Tide running to Weftward ; and the
Coaft ranged with Rocks clofe to the Shore, be-
fides many, a League or more diftant. They
ran this Day twelve Leagues.
The twenty-firft, although they had a bnfk
Gale all Day, yet the Tides came fo ftrong from
the Coaft, that they were not able to run above
fix Leagues. Some Negros came to them, as at
other Times.
The twenty-fecond, they ran all Day and
Night to double the Point das Palmas , in the
whole, fixteen Leagues.
The twenty-third, about three o’Clock, they
were thwart of the Point ; and, before they paf-
fed the Weftermoft Part of it, faw a great
Ledge of Rocks, which lie about three Leagues
Weft of it, and one, or more, from Land.
Shortly after, they had Sight of the Eaftermoft
Part of the Cape, which lies four Leagues from
the Weftermoft Part ; and upon the very Cor¬
ner thereof lie two green Plots like Paftures.
Likewife to the Weft of the Cape the Land
parts from it, as it were a Bay, whereby it may
be eafily known. Four Leagues beyond, there
appears a Head- land ; and about two Leagues
farther, the Coaft makes a great Bay, like the
Mouth of a River ; before which they caft An¬
chor, and ftayed all Night for fear they fhould
over-run a River, where the laft Year a they had
all their Elephants Teeth.
Between this Cape das Palmas (which lieth
in four Degrees and a half) and the River de
. Sejlos , is the greateft Plenty of Grains ; but
being paft the Cape, there is no great Store to
be had.
This Day they failed about fixteen Leagues,
and found at Night, that the Tide, which be¬
fore ran always Weftward, from this Cape runs
to the Eaftward.
The twenty-fourth being under Sail, about
eight o’Clock, there came certain Boats, bring¬
ing fmall Eggs, which were foft without Shells ;
and they made them Signs, that within Land
there was frefn Water, and Goats. The Mafter
thinking it was the River which they fought,
caft Anchor, and fent the Boat afnore, with one
who knew the River. Finding it was not the
fame, the Boat came back, and, with Oars and
Sail, went along Shore. The Hart weighing, did
the like, and being thirteen Leagues beyond the
Cape, the Mafter thought he faw the River,
when indeed they were two Miles paft it: Yet
the Boat came from Shore, and thole in her faid
g l i s h to Guinea.
there was no River. Notwithftanding, they caft 1555,
Anchor, and the Mafter going into the Boat, Towrfon.
with the Captain and five Aden, went upon the C''*Y‘NJ
Search, and when they came near the Shore, he
perceived it tvas the River b they fought for. River and
They found the Entrance very difficult, the Sea rsw”-
running high. But as foon as they were in, di¬
vers Boats came and fhewed that thev had Ele-
j
phants Teeth, whereof they bought one of a-
bout eight Pound, and a little one of a Pound.
Then the Negros brought more Teeth to the
River-fide, making Signs, that if they would
come next Day, they might have more. They
gave two of their Captains a Manillio each, and
returning aboard, fent the Hind’s Boat to another
Place, where certain Boats that came from Shore
made Signs that there was frefh Water. When
they got to Land, they found a Town but no
River: Yet the People brought them frefli Water,
and fhewed them an Elephant’s Tooth ; making
Signs, that the next Day they would fell them
Teeth enough.
The Chart places this River thirteen Leagues Signs of th
from Cape das Palmas. To the Weft of it there R,ver-
lies a Rock about a League off at Sea, and the
River itfelf hath a Point of Land, where grow
five Trees ; which may be eafily difcerned two
or three Leagues off to the Weftward : But the
River cannot be perceived till one is hard by it.
There is a little Town on each Side, and each
Town has a Captain. The River is but fmall,
but the Water is good and frefh.
Two Miles beyond the River, where the other
Town is, there thrufts out another Point, which
is green, like a Pafture ; and upon it not above
fix Trees, which ftand at fome Diftance one
from the other, whereby the Coaft may be known :
For the Captain had not feen fo much bare Land
before.
In this Place, and three or four Leagues to Palm Wire
; the Weftward, there grow Palm-trees along the
Shore, whereof they make their Wine de Palma ,
Thefe Trees may be eafily difeovered almoft two
Leagues off, being very high, white and ftrait ;
the biggeft (landing in the Middle. They have
no Boughs, but only a round Bufh at Top, where
they bore a Hole, and hang a Bottle to receive
the Juice which runs out of the Hole, and that
is their Wine.
From Cape das Palmas , to Cape Tres Pun-
'■ tas , there are IOO Leagues; and from Cape
Tres Punt as, to the Port wrhere they purpofed to
fell their Cloth, forty Leagues.
The Language of this Place, as far as Mr. The Inha¬
bitants.
aThat was 1 5 5^4 r From which Circumflance, and feveral others in this Journal, it appears, that Mr. Towrfon
had made the Voyage before ; whether with Mr. Lok. or others, is uncertain. b This feems to be Tala
Village, and the River that of San Pedro . ’Tis a great Fault of this Journal, that the Names of the Places
they touched at, are feldom mentioned.
T’avrftm
Sea,
Voyages of the English A? Guinea. * 5 5
By the Reports of the People, and ot thofe who 1 5 5 •
have been at this Place before, the Winds they Towribn.
met with here were contrary to what is ufual on
the Coaft ; blowing North off the Land, in the^
Night, and from the South off the Sea in the
Day-time, that is, commonly North- Welt and
South- Weft.
The thirty-firft, they failed Northward along
the Shore, which is low and full of Wood, with¬
out any Rocks. B his Morning the Natives
ir/55. Tower fort could perceive, differs not much from
Toirfon. the Language of that where they watered before ;
^ but the People were more civilized and comely.
As to the Building and Apparel of one and the
other, there was no Difference. Here they were
fondeft of Manillios and Margarites ; having no
Efteem for the reft of the Things.
Swear by the About nine o’Clock, there came Boats from
‘Trade f 01
Teeth.
both Places, with Teeth; and after they had
made Mr. Towerfon fwear by the Water of the
Sea, that he would not hurt them, three or four
ventured into the Ship. Such Victuals as were on
board being fet before them, they eat and drank
very heartily : Afterwards the Englifh bought all
their Teeth, which were fourteen, ten of which
were fmall. At their going away they made
Signs for them to come to their Towns next
Day.
The Towns lying three Miles afunder, the
twenty-fixth, to avoid lofing Time, Mr. Towr
came out a fifhing, in greater Boats than they
had feen before (though of the fame Shape) feme
holding five Men. About three o Clock. in tne
Afternoon, they had Sight or a 1 own by the
Sea- fide, which the Pilots judged to be twenty-
five Leagues Weft of Cape Tres Puntas.
The third of January , in the Morning, they Cape Tras
fell with the Cape, and in the Night (as the Pi-l>unUi
lots faid) paffed by one of the Portuguese Cattles13,
eight Leagues to the Weft. I he Cape, when
IWCIUy-llAUJ, UVUiU lUiillE, x ~ O L- 1 T I
Con di (patched the Matter, and two Merchants, to c firft feen, appeared very high Land, grown over
J \ •.? _ n /r rri „ r-Y-% 1 n rr 1 1 fhpv nerceivea
one of them, and went himfelf, with a Mer
chant to the other ; carrying fome of every Sort
of Goods, and bought twenty fmall Teeth, at
both Places. In their Abfence, the Mafter of
the Hind had twelve Teeth onboard, in Exchange
for Manillios ; and this was all their Stock, ex¬
cept a fmall Goat at one Place, and five little
Hens at the other, which they bought alfo ; and
then returning on board, by one o’Clock, fet
with Trees'.’ Coming near it, they perceived
two Head-lands, with two Bays between, direct¬
ly facing the Weft [of the three Capes.] The mid¬
dle Cape is not above one League diftant from the
Weftern, although the Cards [or Charts] make it
three Leagues. Right before the middle Cape lies a
fmall Rock fo near, that it cannot be diftinguifh-
ed from it, unlefs one be near the Shore. This
Cape has a great Heap of Trees upon it ; and
IMCU I ClUi niiili VII uuaiu, L>V unv, ^ - e , ‘ _ , , * y .L u
Sail, and went eighteen Leagues, ftill within Sight d being beheld from the Eaft ward, there rifeth hard
- ^ c 0 rrrwr, Hnmmnrh The third CaDe
Red Cliffs,
of Land.
SECT. III.
Red Cliffs. Winds differ from thofe in other Pla¬
ces. Cape Tres Puntas. Coajl on each Side of
it. Boats come off to trade. Town half demo-
lijhed by the Portugueze. The Captain thereof.
His State and Drefs. Manufactures of the
Place , and Weapons of the Inhabitants.
THE twenty-eighth, the Wind varying,
they flood out to Sea : Then changing a-
gain, they returned towards Land, which ap¬
peared like a great red Cliff, round, but not very
high ; and Eaft of that a fmaller, behind which
was a round Hummock, and Green, which they
took to be Trees. They ran, in twenty-four
Hours, not above four Leagues.
The twenty-ninth, drawing near Shore, they
by it a round green Hummock. The third Cape
(about a League beyond the middlemoftj is a
High-land like to the other two, and betwixt
them cometh out a little Point of Land, with
feveral Rocks clofe to the Shore.
Eight Leagues before they came to the Capes, Coajl on each
the Land bore South- Eaft and by Eaft ; and be-6’"^
ing paft the Capes, it ran in again Eaft North-
Eaft. About two Leagues beyond the fartheft
Cape there is a low Glade, two Miles long, af¬
ter which the Land rifeth high again, and divers
Head-lands rife one beyond another ; at the
firft of which lie feveral Rocks. The middle-
moft Cape extends fartheft South, or into the
Sea : So that it may be feen far off from the
Eaft, rifing with two fmall Rocks.
This Day they anchored for fear of over-
fhooting a Town called St. John’s , and ran not
above eight Leagues. In the Afternoon there
1 nt iwcmy-jiwa.li, uiawmg, uwi unv-, - o • , r tv T • .
perceived a large Grove of Trees on the Top f came a Boat from Shore, with five Men in her ;
* _ 1 1 • rr* 1 1 • nr* c . 1 r _ _ i i. fUam 00 f li t flioiiO’nt. fn f)n->
of the great red Cliff ; and Cliffs of the fame
Colour to the Weft of it, as far as they could
fee, which, as well as the Shore, were covered
with Trees. They could fee no Cliffs to the Eaft,
except one near it, and a Mile off a River.
This Day and Night’s Run was twelve Leagues.
and went along by them, as they thought, to ob-
ferve the Flags : But they would not come near
them, and after a while went back.
The fourth, in the Morning, they fpied a
Ledge of Rocks by the Shore ; and to the Weft,
two°great green Hills joining together, with a
3 Perhaps this was Tort San Antonio, at the Mouth of the River Ax tin, or Affnm.
X 2
Hollow
156
>55 5-
Towrfon,
Boats come
out to trade.
A Town.
‘ The Chief.
Voyages of the E n
Hollow between, like a Saddle. The Matter a
judged the afore-named Town flood within thofe
Rocks ; but having fent the Boats, with Goods,
they found none.
About two Leagues, Eaft of the two Hills,
a Ledge of Rocks lie out in the Sea almoft two
Miles; and beyond that a great Bay, which run¬
neth in North North- Eatt, as the Coaft doth : But
the fartheft Point of Land they could fee bore
North-Eaft by Eatt.
Beyond the uttermoft Head -land they faw b
a great red Clift, which the Matter taking fo>
St. Johns Town, went thither with the Boat,
and found a Town on the Top of the Hill ;
from whence the People waved a Cloth for him
to come in, there being a fair Bay to the Eaft of
the Cliff. After waiting a good Space, they fent
a Boat, with a Piece of Gold to fhew, about
half a Crown Weight ; and required to know the
Meafure and Weights the Englijh ufed, that they
might inform their Captain. Having given them c
a Meafure of two Ells, and a Weight of two
Angels, they went away, and prefently came
with a Meafure of two Ells, one Quarter and
half, and one Crufado Weight of Gold ; making
Signs that fo much they would give for the like
Meafure, and lefs they would not have. Find¬
ing after an Hour’s waiting, that they could do
no otherwife, and underftanding withal, that
the beft Places were before them ; they departed
and ran along the Shore, the Boat going a-head, d
and having failed about a League, palled a Point
with a Ledge of Rocks before it : Beyond which
the Matter fpied a Place, which he faid pofitive-
ly was the Town of Don John, and fo it prov¬
ed. Night coming on, they anchored as near
it as they could. Next Morning they perceived
it to be the fame Town indeed % and manned
the Boats and went thither, letting fall their
Grapnel about a Bafe-fhot from Shore. Here
they waited two Hours, and no Boats came near e
them : For it feems, the Year before, the Portu¬
guese took a Man from them, and then drove
them from the Place, with their Guns demolifh-
ing one half of their Town. Hereupon the
Hind’s Boat went into the Bay, which lieth to
the Eaft of it, and found a fine River. After
this the People waved to them to come in : Which
done, the Negros came down, and made them
Signs that they had Gold. But none would ven¬
ture on board the Boats, probably becaufe they f
had none of their own which the Portugals might
have fpoiled : For the Englijh being well armed,
thruft the Boats Heads a-fhore; and then the Cap¬
tain, who was a grave Man, came with his Dart
in his Hand, followed by fix tall Men with Darts
glish to Guinea.
and Targets : The Darts were all of Iron, hand- 1555.
fome and well pointed. After them came ano- Towrfon.
ther, carrying the Captain’s Stool b. The En-^Y^\)
glijh having faluted him, by taking off their Caps,
and bowing : He, like one who thought much of
himfelf, did not move his Cap, nor fcarce his
Body, but fate him down very folemnly upon^'J State,
his Stool. As to his Attendants, they put off
their Caps and bowed.
He was cloathed, from theWaift downwards, And Habit,
with a Cloth of that Country Manufacture wrap¬
ped about him, and made faft with a Girdle.
His Cap was alfo of that Country Cloth : He
went bare-legged and bare-footed, as well as
naked upward.
Some of his Servants were drefled like him¬
felf, others had nothing but a Cloth betwixt
their Legs, made faft behind and before to their
Girdles ; with Caps of Skins, fome like a Bafket,
and fome like a great wide Purfe.
All their Cloth, Cords, Fifhing-lines, and^W^-
the like, are made of the Bark of certain Trees, r‘"‘s*
which they manufacture very neatly. They
likewife work Gold very well, and make curious
Implements of Iron, as Darts, Fifh, and other, Weapons,
Hooks, Iron Heads, and great two-edged Dag¬
gers ; fome of them as long as a Wood-knife,
exceeding fharp, and bent, after the Manner of
Turky Blades, which moll of them have hang¬
ing at their left Side.
Their Targets are made alfo of Bark, and and
very clofely wrought: They are befides \eryBows‘
large, and as to Form, fquare fomewhat long¬
er than broad ; fo that kneeling down, they
cover their whole Body. Their Bows are fhort,
and pretty ftrong ; it being as much as a Man
can do to draw them with one of his Fingers :
The String is of Bark, made flat, and about a
quarter of an Inch broad. As for their Arrows,
they were wrapped up clofe ; and the Author,
being bufy, could not fpare Time to look at
them.
SECT. IV.
Traffic at this Place. Their Cunning in Dealing.
Plenty of Gold. Portugueze Defigns againjl the
Englifh. The latter accufed of carrying off Ne¬
gros. Caution in Sailing. Language. Cajlle
del Mina. Don John’r Town. Portugueze
attack the Englifh, who fail away. Don Vifo ’s
and other Towns.
MR. Towrfon fent the Captain two Ells of Traffic here.
Cloth, and two Bafons, as a Prefent.
He fent back for a Weight of the fame Meafure;
but would not take a Weight of two Angels,
/et there mult either have been two Towns of Don John, or this was not it : For we find it afterwards
more wO the This is a great Falhion among the rich Negros.
2 nor
1 5 5 5 •
Towrfon
Many ctme
(« trade.
Cunning in
Dealing.
* lenty of
Void.
Voyages of the E n
nor fuffer the Town to buy any thing but the a
brafs Batons, not liking the other Wares : So
that they fold that Morning feventy-four Ba¬
tons, for about half an Angel Weight, one with
another ; and nine white Bafons, for a quarter of
an Angel each.
About two o’Clock the Captain came again,
and prefented Mr. Towrfon with a Hen, and two
great Roots; letting him know, by Signs, that
the Country would come to his Town that Night,
and bring Plenty of Gold. Accordingly, at {,
four o’Clock, there came about ioo Men. under
three Captains, well appointed with their Darts
and Bows. When they drew near, they ftuck
their Darts in the Ground, by the Shore ; and
the Captains having fat down on Stools brought
them, they fent a young Man aboard, who
brought a Meafure with him of an Ell, one
quarter and. one fixteenth Part, infilling on
having four times that Quantity for a Weight
of an Angel and twelve Grains. Mr. Towrfon c
offered him two Ells, for two Angels Weight ;
and at laft, when it grew late, he came down
to four : But falling no lower, they departed.
This Day they took for Bafons, fix Ounces and
a half, and one eighth Part.
The fixth, in the Morning, they manned
the Boat and the Skiff well, for fear of the Por-
tuguese , who, the laft Year, had taken a Man
from the other Ships, and went on Shore, be-
caufe the Negros had no Boats to meet the En- j
glijh. They were prefently accofted by the fame
young Man, who feemed to have dealt before
with the Portuguese ; for he could fpeak that
Language a little, and was perfect in Weights
and Meafures. He offered, as he had done be¬
fore, one Angel and twelve Grains for four Ells ;
making Signs, that if they would not take that,
they might depart : Which they did, after offer¬
ing him three Ells of rotten Cloth for that
Weight, which he refufed. The Ships being a c
League off, they fent back again for Sand and
Balaft. The Captain perceiving that the Boats
brought no Merchandize, and that their In¬
tention was to fail away in earneft, made
Signs again, to know if they would not give the
four Ells ; and when they faw the Boats ready
to depart, they came and gave the Weight of the
Angel and twelve Grains, which was required
before ; and made Signs, that if the Boats would
come again, they would take three Ells. Eor f
quicker Difpatch, Mr. Towrfon , and John Savill ,
went afhore in one Boat, and the Mafter, ( John
Makeworth ) and Richard Cur/igin in the other :
The firft took fifty-two Ounces, and the other
Boat eight Ounces and a quarter.
Next Day, Mr. Towrfon went afhore again,
and took three Pound nineteen Ounces by Noon,
* See more of this hereafter, p. i
G L I S H tO G V I N E A. I57
when they had fold moft of the Cloth they car- 1555.
ried ; and many of the People were departed. Towrfon.
Fhofe who remained having made Signs to fetch
them fome Latten Bafons, Savill and Makeworth
went again, and took eighteen Ounces of Gold,
and then came away ; feeing the People departed
at a certain Cry that was made. While they
were onShore, there came on board ayoungFel-
low, who could fpeak a little Portuguese, with
three more, to whom Mr. Towrfon fold thirty-
nine Bafons, and two fmall white Saucers, for
three Ounces, &c. which was the moft they
made by Bafons: And in the Forenoon, the
Mafter fold five Bafons to the fame Fellow, for
half an Ounce of Gold.
This Fellow feemed to have been taken by Portuguezs-
the Portuguese , and efcaped from the Caftle : For Dcfigns.
he faid, they were bad Men, and made them
Slaves it they could take them, putting Irons on
their Legs. He told them alfo, that they would
hang all the French and Englijh they could take,
(which Names he pronounced very well); that
there were fixty Men in the Caftle ; and that
every Year a great Ship, and a fmall Caravel
arrived thither; and that Don John was in War
with the Portuguese. This encouraged Mr. Towrfon
the more to go to his Town, which lies but four
Leagues from the Caftle; whence their Men were
beaten the laft Year.
^ This Negro came aboard the Ship without Englift
Fear; and demanded, why they had not brought ^cufed.
back the five Men which were taken away a
the Year before? He was anfwered, that they
were in England well ufed, and kept only till they
could fpeak the Language; after which, they
fhould be brought again to aflift the Englijh in
their Affairs here. He then fpoke no more of
the Matter.
The Boats being come aboard, they fet Sail ;
and a little after, fpied a great Fire on Land, by
the Light whereof, they might difcern fomething
white, which they took for the Caftle : And for
Fear of palling beyond the T own of Don John , they
anchored two Leagues oft' Shore; for it is hard Caution
to fetch up a Town here, if a Ship overfhoot it. Sa,lin£'
This Day they took feven Pound and five Ounces
of Gold.
The Town lieth in a great and very deep
Bay. The People here defired moft to have Ba¬
fons and Cloth : Some, however, would buy
Trifles, as Knives, Horfe-Tails, Horns; and
fome of the Men going alhore, fold a Cap, a
Dagger, a Hat, &c.
They fhewed Mr .Towrfon a certain coarfe
Cloth, which feemed to be made in France ; for
the Wool was coarfe, and the Thread fmall as
Worfted, and ftriped with Green, White, and
Yellow. Several of the People wore about their.
59 \ and 160 h, and Note a.
/
Necks,
>555-
Towrfon
The ban-
guage.
'Voyages of the English j?0 Guinea.
Necks, large Glafc' Beads of divert Colours. Here a Signs to tarry, till
follow fome of their Words :
Del Mina
CaJHe,
as their Manner is, and they could come again
So they went away ; and by the Time they had
fpread the Cloth upon the Sand Piece by Piece,
there came one running down from the Town ;
and having fpoken to them, they immediately fled
with their Goods to the Woods; waving to
the Englijh to land: But they fufpe&mg fome
’Treachery, returned aboard the Hind, From
'-ioui. hence they perceived thirty Men, (whom they
Much, or good Store. b judged tQ be portugueze) with a Flag, fhewing
Th e eighth, in the Morning, they had Sight themfelves on the Hill.
i.<55-
Towrfon.
Matted^ Matted)
Dajfee , Dajfce ,
Sbeke ,
Kcwrte)
Krakka ,
BaJJina ,
Foko) Foko ,
Malta )
f Their Salutation,
I thank you.
Gold.
'. . . Cut.
^ 1S ^ Knives.
Bafons.
Cloth.
of the Caftle : But by Reafon of a Mitt, could
not difeern it diftinaiy, till they were almoft at
Don John’s Town; when the Air clearing up,
they faw it, with a white Houfe like a Chapel,
upon the Hill. Then they hauled into the Shore,
within two Englijh Miles of the Town, and an¬
chored in feven Fathom Water. Here, as in
many other Places before, they perceived, that
Mr. Town son, deflrous to know what th c Attack the
Hart had done, went towards her in the Hind! 8^8““*
Boat. When he was near, they (hot oft two
Pieces of Ordnance, which he wondering at,
made what Hafte he could to her; and prefently
faw her Boat and Skiff hurrying from Shore. Be¬
ing come on board, they informed him of what
had naffed. They had been afhore all Day, and
Don John's
Town,
the'CuVrent went with .he Wind. The Land c tad giver. -ttof U™ 7^
is in fome Places low, in others high, an. quite ^ T had delivered alfo to the Fa-
covered with Trees. three Yards of Cloth more, and the Weight
aboTruveltTHol? “enSa fcr M of a’n Angel and twelve Grains But while they
. . ' -w-r -f «■ * 1 /7,f n
flL/UUU l. V* v-iivy a- ^ — - ; l
Part, with a Wall, not over the Height of a
Man, made with Reeds or Sedge, or fome fuch
Thing. After waiting two or three Hours, and
finding no Boats came to them, they fent their
own with Goods, to anchor near ohoie. Pre¬
waited for his Anfwer, the Portugueze came
ruftiing from the Hill upon them, whereof the
Negros, a little before, had given them Warning,
in order to be gone ; but they did not underftand
them. The Son of Don John had confpired
Sv'rre^r ’o' t rs. who made Signs d wUh^En^fo^ were almoft upon
that Don John was in the Country, and would
be at home at the going down of the Sun. for
this Intelligence he required a Reward, as molt
of them will do who come firft aboard ; and
Mr. Towrfon gave him an Ell of Cloth. .
Next Morning, going again with their Boats
to Shore, there came forth a Boat, which made
Signs, that Don John was not returned, but
artother'Boatbfrom'a Towm a Mfte^hftanty called e RocfcTnVHair.Vfwhich defend them) plied the
n*“; and brought with him Gold to EngUJb with the.r half Hakes 1 he Negros,
fhew making Signs for them to go thither. more for Fear than Love, joined to help them.
Hereupon 7ettrr/tf« went in the Hind, and car- But when they faw that they were in fuch Sub-
ried Cloth to 'shore Prefently the Boats came jetton, that they durft not fell them any Thing,
out aid brought rae'Meafure.oyf four Yards and they returned aboard. Next ^Morn^percerv-
them, before they recovered their Boat. The
Portugueze then fhot their Calivers at them, but
hurt no Man ; which the Ship perceiving, fhot
off two Pieces among them.
Hereupon putting Guns in the Skiff, and IPko fad
both the Boats, which were all well manned,
they went afhore again : But the Wind not per¬
mitting them to land, they lay off at Sea, about
ten Score, and fhot at them ; while they from the
Portugueze
come down*
half, with a Weight, weighing an Angel and
twelve Grains ; fo nothing was done this Day.
The tenth, going again to Shore, there came
out a Boat with good Store of Gold ; and Towr-
ing the Portugueze to be ftill in the Town, they
weighed, and went along the Coaft.
This Town of Johnde Vifo , is fituate upon aj0hn de
Hill, like the Town of Don John , but had notVifo’i.
2 having, 'af'er^ong°'chaffeBng, brought the f above fix Houfes ftaoding the reft having been
jon naving, duu b _ _ * , . Wnefi. Moft Part of the Gold that is there.
Meafure to three Ells wanting a Nail, ^ and their
Weight to an Angel and twenty Grains, he
ftruck the Bargain ; and in one quarter of an
Hour, took one Pound and a quarter of an
Ounce of Gold. After this, they made him
burned; Moft Part of the Gold that is there,
comes out of the Country ; and no Doubt, good
Store might be had, if it was not for the great
Awe which the Portugueze have over the Na¬
tives.
3 Or Don Juan: This Place ftands at Cape Korea, or Cars. See
Anferted hereafter, wc find this Town of Don John was called E$ui,
before, p. 146 e. In Rutter's Voyage,
b Afterwards called Davifo.
The
Voyages of the English to Guinea. 159
jr££. The eleventh, they had Sight of a littleTown,
Towrfon. four Leagues from the laft they came from ; and
about half a League farther, of another upon a
^fker Hill : Half a League beyond that, they faw a
great Town upon the Shore ; whither they went
to try what could be done; with Defign (in cafe
nothing could be had) to return to dcVift? s Town,
concluding, the Portuguese had left it on their
Departure. From the Caftle hither, there are
very high Hills, which may be feen above all
others ; but they are full of Woods, and great
red Cliffs by the Sea Side. The Boats of thefe
Places are pretty large ; for one carries twelve
Men: But they are fhaped like the left on this
Ccaft. There are few Rivers about thefe Towns.
Their Language is the fame fpokenatDon John's
Town: But every one had three or four Words
of Portuguese , in which they talked to the Eng-
lijh.
I ^ SEC T. V.
'The Ships alarmed. TheNegros afraid to go near them.
A large Tozvn. The English decoyed ajhore , and
fet upon by the Natives , and Portugueze ; in Re¬
venge for taking away fve Aden, zuith all their
Gold , the Tear before. They go on trading. The
Natives fond to traffic. Great Quantities of
Gold brought away. They return homewards.
Put into Ireland. Come to Briftol.
’The Ships np HIS Night about five o’ Clock, they faw
alarmed, twenty-two Boats run along the Shore, to
the W eftward : Whereupon, fufpe£ting fome De¬
fign againft them, they fet Sail the twelfth, and
deferied more Towns with larger Houfes, than
in the former ; and the People came out to look
upon them, but they could fee no Boats. Two
Miles beyond the Eaftermoft Town, are black
Rocks, which continue to the uttermoft Cape of
the Land, which is about a League off ; and then
the Coaft runs in Eaft North-Eaft, and a fandy
Shore begins again. Upon thefe Rocks, certain
Negros came,, waving them with a white Flag ;
but perceiving the principal Place to be near,
they would not ftay. As foon as they had open¬
ed the Point of the Land, they raifed another
about a League from the Point, which had a Rock
lying off it. This they judged to be the Place
they fought ; and finding it fo, anchored within
half a Adile of it, in five Fathom Water, and
fair Ground.
The Tespe Going on Shore 3 with the Boat, they an-
*frax> chored about ten o’ Clock in the Forenoon.
They faw many Boats lying upon the Shore, and
feveral paffed by them: But none would come
near, being, as they judged, afraid of them ; be-
caufe four Men were carried off by Force from j^cr.
thence the laft Year. Hereupon they went aboard Towrfon.
again, and concluded they fhould do no Bufinefs 'V'—— *
there : But towards Night a great many came
down to the Water Side, and waved them afhore
with a white Flag. Afterward, their Captain,
and feveral with him, came and fate down by
the Shore under a Tree. When Mr. Totvrfon faw
this, he took Things with him for a Prefent. At
laft, the Cap'ain feat a Boat to call to them,
which would not approach ; but made them Signs
to come again next Day. However, at length,
our Merchant got them to come aboard, by offer¬
ing them Things to give to their Captain, which
were two Ells of Cloth, two Bafons, one Latten,
the other Tin, a Bottle, a great Piece of Beef,
and fix Bafket Cakes. Thefe they received, mak¬
ing them Signs to come again next Day, faying,
their Captain was Grand Captain , as appeared by
thofe who attended on him, with their Darts,
Targets, and other Weapons.
This Town is very large, and (lands on a Large
Hill among Trees; fo that it cannot well be feen,7®71'”*
till one is near clofe by it. On the Eaft Side
ftand two high Trees, which are a good Mark to
know it by: And under it lies another Hill,
whereon the Sea beats, being on that Side all black
Rocks. Beyond this Town, in a Bay, lieth an¬
other fmall Town.
The thirteenth, in the Morning, they went The Engilih
to Shore in the Boat; and having ftaid till ten ^decoyed,.
without any body coming to them, they prepared
to return. When the Negros faw that, they
came running down with a Flag, to wave them,
and they anchored again. Then Signs were made,
that the Captain would come down by and by.
Mean Time, a Ship paffed by them, but being
fmall, they regarded it not. Being on Shore,
they made a Tilt with their Oars and Sail : And
then there came a Boat to them with five Men,
who brought again their Bottle, and a Hen ; mak¬
ing Signs by the Sun, that in two Hours the Mer¬
chants of the Country would come down and'
buy all their Wares. Mr. Towrfon gave them fix
Manillios to carry to their Captain ; and they
made Signs to have a Pledge, offering to leave
one of their Aden : But not performing, the
Pledge was taken back again.
Soon after, one came down, arrayed like their And fet
Captain, with a great Train after him. He fa-”/®”*
f luted the Englijh in a friendly Alanner : And one
of the chief among them, went and fate down
under a Tree, where the laft Year the Captain
was wont to fit. At laft, they perceived a great
Number of them (landing at the End of a hollow
Way; and behind them, the Portugueze had
3 By going on Shore (and to the Shore J with the Boat , here, and in mod Places of this Journal,
only, going near the Shore.
is meant
planted
1 6o Voyages 5/ A En
1^5^. planted a Gun, which fuddenly let fly at, but
Towrfon. overfhot, them, although they were in a Manner
hard by them ; and before they could {hip their
Oars to get away, they fliot at them again, but
did no Hurt. Then the Negros came to the Rock
juft near them, and difcharged Calivers; and the
Portuguese fhot off their Gun twice more : By
this Time, their Ship began to (hoot, but the
Rocks and Hills defended them.
To revnge The Negros were bent againft them, becaufe
a Wrong, the Year before, Mr. Gainjh a took away the
Captain’s Son, and three others, with their
Gold, and all that they had about them. This
made them become Friends to the Portuguese ,
whom before they hated, as appeared by the cour¬
teous Entertainment which the Trinity had there,
when the Captain came aboard, and brought
them to his Town, offering Ground to build a
Caftle on ; and there they had good Sale for their
Wares.
Contra- The fourteenth, they plied back again to
dir.g. feek the Hind , which meeting with, in the Morn¬
ing, they both turned back to the Eaftwards, to
fee what could be done at that Place, where the
Trinity fold her eight Frizes laft Year. The Hind
had taken eighteen Ounces and a half more of
Gold of other Negros, the Day after the Hart
left her. About one of the Clock, perceiving
certain Boats on the Sand, and Men by them,
they went with Merchandizes, and took three
Ounces of Gold for eighteen SufFs of Cloth ; every
Suff three Yards and a half, at one Angel and
twelve Grains the SufF. Then they made Signs,
that the next Day they fliould have Gold enough :
So the Mafter took the Hind, with Savill and
Makevoorth , and went to feek the Place aforefaid ;
Mr. Towrfon , and Richard Paketnan , flaying be¬
hind, to fee what they could do next Day.
Negns W hen the Negros faw the Ship go away, they
eamrji feared the other would follow ; and fent two
Boats with four Men, requiring them to tarry, and
deliver one Man into their Hands for a Pledge, two
of them offering to flay for Security. Edward , Mr.
MorleiC s Servant, feeing them fo earneft therein,
defired to go, and two came aboard in his Stead ;
one whereof had his Weights and Scales, with a
Chain of Gold about his Neck, and another
round his Arm. They eat fuch Vi&uals as were
given them, and feemed well contented. In the
Night, the Negros kept a Light on Shore, oppo-
fite the Ships; and about one o’Clock, three
Guns were fhot at it: Which in the End, they
g l i s h to Guinea.
a found came from the Portuguese Brigantine, 1555,
which followed them from Place to Place, to Towrfon.
warn the People of the Country, not to deal'—
with them.
Next Morning, the Captain came down w\t\\To deal -with
one hundred Men, and brought his Wife, as
many others, becaufe their Town was eight Miles
up in the Country ; and they determined to lie by
the Sea Side, till they had bought what they
wanted. Fie prefently fent their Man aboard ;
b and though he required, and had two Pledges for
himfelf, yet he took but one. He came aboard
with his Wife, and feveral others, bringing Mr.
Towrfon a Goat, and two great Roots ; who gave
him in Return, a latten and a white Bafon, fix
Maniliios, and a Bottle of Malmfy, and his Wife
a fmall Cafket. After this, they began to agree
upon their Meafure and Weight. He had a
Weight of his own, which contained one Angel
and fourteen Grains, and required a Meafure of
c four Ells and a half. In fine, they concluded,
the eighth Part for one Angel and twenty Grains ;
and before they had done, they took Mr. Towr¬
fon Weight and Meafure.
The lixteenth, he took eight Pound one Ounce plenty «/
of Gold : And fince the Departure of the Hind , GM-
heard nothing of her ; only the Pledge faid, when
he went into the Country the firft Night, he faw
her caff Anchor above five Leagues ofF. Next
Day, he fold about feventeen Pieces of Cloth, and
d took four Pound four Ounces and a half of Gold.
The eighteenth, the Captain defired to have fome
of his Wine, and offered half a Ducat of Gold
for a Bottle ; but he gave it him, and made him
and his Train drink befides. This Day alfo he
took five Pound five Ounces of Gold. The
nineteenth, he fold about eighteen Cloths, and
took four Pound four Ounces and one quarter of
Gold.
Next Day, he took three Pound fix Ounces Grcat^uan
e and a quarter of Gold ; the twenty-firft, eight win taken
Pound feven Ounces and a quarter ; the twenty-
fecond, three Pound eight Ounces and a quarter;
and about four o’ Clock, the Captain, who had
lain all this while upon the Shore, went away
with his People.
The twenty-third, they were waved afhore
by other Negros ; and fold them Cloth, Calkets,
Knives, and a Dozen of Bells ; taking one Pound
ten Ounces of Gold. The twenty-fourth like-
f wife, they fold Bells, Sheets, and Thimbles, and
took two Pound one Ounce and a quarter. The
a Mr. Hakluyt, in the Margin, puts Robert Gainjh' § Voyage to Guinea, in Anno 1554: Yet does not mention
where it is to be found, or that it was the fame, which in that Edition of his Collection, he had given under the
Name of Lok, inftead of Gainjh, to whom he afcribed it in the firft Edition. All the Light we have into the
Matter from the fecond Edition, is, that in a marginal Note, at the Beginning of Lok' s Voyage, it is faid, that
Robert Gainjh was Mailer of the John EnjangeliJl ; nor is there any Mention of this villanous Action in that Re¬
lation. Such Crimes deferve feverely to be punifhed ; fince a whole Community may fufFer for the Fault of one
bad Man.
twenty-
By bctb
Ships,
V O Y A G E s of the E N
jrr^, twenty-fifth, they difpofed of feven Dozen of a
Towrfon. fmall Bells, and other Things. After which,
there being no more Gold to be had, they de¬
parted to Leeward to feek the Hind. About five
o’ Clock they had Sight of her ; and coming up,
underftood file had made fome Sales.
Next Day, they received out of the Hind ,
forty-eight Pound three Ounces, and one eighth
Part of Gold, which file had taken in their Ab-
fence ; and at the Requeft of a Negro, who came
from a Captain, they went to Shore with their b
Merchandize, and took feven Pound and one
Ounce of Gold. At this Place the Negros re¬
quired no Gages ; but in the Evening font a Boat
aboard, which continued all Night, to let the
Merchants know, that they would alfo come next
Day. The twenty- feventh they took, in both
Ships, eight Pound one Ounce, three Quarters
and an Half of Gold. The twenty-eighth, Sale
was made for the Company, and one Pound and
Half an Ounce of Gold taken. The next Morn- c
ing two Guns were heard from Shore, which they
judging to be {hot off either by the Portuguese , or
their Negros, manned out their Boat, armed and
went to Land ; but they were gone. The thir¬
tieth they made more Sales for the Company,
and the Matters.
Take in BaU Ne xt Day they fent the Boat to take in Ballaft :
UJl. They met with the Negros, who had dealt with
the Ships, the Day before. They were a fiftiing,
and having no Gold, exchanged Fifti for Hand- d
kerchiefs and Night- Caps, helping the Men to
load Sand into the Bargain. The firft of February ,
removing to another Place, they took one Pound,
nine Ounces, three Quarters of Gold. The fe-
cond, they made more Sales ; but finding moft of
their Drink, and what remained, turning four,
refolved to ftay no longer on that Coaft.
The third and fourth, they made fome Sales,
tmavardu though not great, and finding the Wind to come
off Shore, ran along it Weft wards. Upon this e
Coaft they found,thatordinarily, about two o’Clock
in the Night2, the Wind comes off the Shore, at
North North-Eaft, and continues till eight in
the Morning ; and all the reft of the Day and
Night it blows from South- Weft. As for the Tide,
or Current upon this Shore, it goeth continually
with the Wind.
to Guinea.
i 6 i
Return
b
GUSH
The fifth they continued failing, and thought 1555*
to have met with fome Englijh Ships, but did not. Towi*y*
Next Day they fleered South- Weft to fetch under
the Line, and ran twenty- four Leagues. The thir¬
teenth, they thought themfelves, by their Reckon¬
ing, to be clear of Cape das P almas , and ran Q^Palmas.
twelve Leagues.
The twenty- fecond, they were thwart of CapeC,j/?de
de Monte , about thirty Leagues Weftward of theMonte'
River de Sejios.
The firft of March , in a Tornado, having
loft the Hind, they fet up a Light, and {hot off
a Piece, yet could not hear of her : But waiting
thereabouts in the Morning, they had Sight of
her again, three Leagues a-ftern.
The twenty- fecond they found themfelves to
be in the Height of Cape Verde , which {lands in Cepe Verde,
fourteen Degrees and an half.
Continuing their Courfe, the twenty-ninth,
they found themfelves in twenty-two Degrees.
This Day TVilliam King , one of the Hards Men,
who had been long fick, died in his Sleep. His
Cloaths were diftributed to thofe who wanted
them j and his Money kept to be delivered to his
Friends in England.
The thirtieth they were under the Tropic ; The Tropic,
and next Day made eighteen Leagues. Sailing
on till the twentieth of April , they then found
themfelves in the Altitude of the Azores.
The feventh of May , they fell with the South Ireland,
Part of Ireland j and going on Shore had frefti
Drink, and two Sheep of the Country People,
who were wild Kernes, with fuch other Victuals
as they judged would ferve them till they ar¬
rived in England ; for which they gave them
Gold.
The fourteenth, with the Afternoon Tide, Arriw at
they caft Anchor in the Port of Brijlol , called Cu
Hungrode.
Table ^Latitudes.
Porto Santo 1/le
St. Vincent River
Cape das Palmas
Cape Verde —
Degr. Min.
33 00
4 3°
4 3®
14 30
2 Rather Morning ; although it is hard to tell fometimes, whether, by Night , the Author means Morning or
Evening.
V 0 L. I.
Nc
CHAP.
l6z
Voyages of the English to Guinea.
Towrfon
CHAP. V.
556- 'The Second Voyage of Mr. Towrfon a to the Coa/i of Guinea, and the Cajile 1556.
S G> J jii\/r* ■ / J J Towrfon,
del Mina, in 1556. v— ^
SECT. I. a Having failed fomewhat into Shore, they Sfy a FU(tt
eru r • */r r t- i r; v judged they were fliot a little beyond the River de
They paf the Canards. Meet three French Ships, h it. A little after
•which join them. They trade for Ivory. Rio Sant
Andre. The red Cliffs. Allow or Lahow.
Cajile del Mina. Dondou. Bulle and Sham-
ma Towns. Trade for Gold. Get News of the
Portugueze. Keep on their Guard. Portu-
gueze Fleet appears : Chafed by the Englifh. The
Fight begins. The Tyger left in the Lurch by all
the other Ships. The Enemy jheer off.
[f | ^ H E Ships employed in this Voyage were
f the Tyger of London , Admiral, of one
hundred and twenty Tons, Mr. Towrfon , Com¬
mander ; the Hart of London , fixty Tons, John
Shire , Captain ; and a Pinnace of fixteen Tons,
fohn Davis , Captain. They carried back with
them the Negros, which had been brought by
Force from Guinea two Years before, as mention-
Sefos , and tacked about to fetch it. A little after
they faw three Sail of Ships, and two Pinnaces
in the Weather of them, and made ready to
meet them ; hauling off the Ships, to fetch the
Wind as near as they could. Having failed about
an Hour or two, they alfo tacked about, and
went the fame Courfe to make themfelves ready ;
then our Ships chafing them, they made off :
b But when they had put themfelves in Order,
they tacked about again, and came up very fine¬
ly appointed with their Streamers, Pendants,
Enfigns, and the Noife of Trumpets, very
bravely.
When both Fleets met, they had the Wea -prove rote
tner of ours, which being determined to fight, French,
waved them to come under their Lee. This they
ftoutly refufing, the Englijh demanded of them
W'hence they were ? They faid of France ; and be-
ed in the former Voyage.]
7btyfetou!. The fourteenth of September , 1556, the Tyger c ing told our Ships were of London , they afked
departed horn Harwich for the Ifle of Scillyt to what Portugueze they had feen ? The Anfwer was,
meet the Hart and Pinnace, which were rigged none but Fifhermen. They faid, there were cer-
and vi&ualled at Briflol. She arrived there the
twenty-eighth, but they were not come ; and af¬
ter waiting for them feveral Days, returned to
Plymouth the twelfth Day of October. At length
they joined her, and the fifteenth of November or three Negros, and a few . others grievoufly
all departed together from Plymouth at one o’Clock burned, whom they left afhore there. The
in the Afternoon. The twenty-eighth, they had Names of the Ships were, the Efpoier of Ha-
Sight of the Ifle of Porto Santo ; and next Day, d bleneff. Admiral, Denis BlundelJ Captain; the
in the Morning, of Aladcra. Leuricre of Roan , Vice Admiral, ferome Bau-
T h e ^third of December , they fell with the det , Mafter. The third was of Hunfeur ; the
tain Portugueze Ships gone to the Mina to de¬
fend it, and that they met with another at the
River Seflos , of 200 [Tun] which they had
burned, having faved none but the Mafter, two
Come to
P. Santo.
Sierra Le¬
ona.
Strong Cur¬
rents.
Cr,aft of
Guinea.
Ifle of Palma ; and the ninth were thwart of
Cape Blanke , and found there certain Caravels
fifth ng for Pargoes.
The nineteenth, they found themfelves in the
Height of Sierra Leona , and all this Day ran
thwart of certain Currents, which fet Weft
South-Weft, fo fwift, as if it had been the Over-
fall of a Sand ; making a great Noife like a
Stream, or Tide-gate, when the Water is fhoal :
Yet they could find no Ground with one hun¬
dred and fifty Fathoms.
The thirtieth, they fell with the Coaft of
Guinea , which they difeovered about four Leagues
off. The View confifted of three Hills, which
lay Nor-th-Eaft by Eaft from them : And betwixt
the two Northermoft, were two great Trees ;
and a little more to the North-Weft, certain
Hummocks.
Mafter called fohn de Orleans.
The Captain of the Admiral, and feveral
others, came aboard our Ships in a friendly Man¬
ner ; defiring they would keep them Company,
becaufe of the Portugueze , and to go to the Mi¬
na with them. The Englijh told them, they had
not watered, and were but juft fallen with the
e Coaft. They made it appear, that they were
fifty Leagues beyond the River de Seflos: Yet
faid, there was Water enough to be had, and
promifed to help them tB it with their own Boats ;
becaufe they were deftrous to have their Com¬
pany. They declared farther, that they had
been fix Weeks upon the Coaft, and had gotten
but three Tuns of Grains among them all.
The Englijh weighed this Propofal : They^
confidered that if the Mina Coaft was clear, them,
f the French would fpoil their Market, in cafe they
The Original to be found in Hakluyt's Colic-fin, Vol. 2. part 2. p. 36. takes up feven Pages and a
Half. 0
went
\G» in Corr-
\ t**S'
Voyages of the Engl
J556. went there before them ; and that, if it was not a
Towrfon. clear, and the Portuguese fhould take them, they
would underftand that they were behind, and fo
lie in wait for them. They farther confidered,
that in cafe they went with them, they fhould fare
as their own Companions, if the Coaft were clear :
And that if it were not clear, they would befure
to be ftronger then the Portuguese. Upon thefe
Confiderations, the Englifh told them, that the
next Day they would confer more largely of the
Matter. Whereupon they defired Mr. Towr- b
[on to come next Day to Dinner with them, and
to bring with him the Mafters of the Ships, and
luch Merchants as he fhould think fit ; offering
to give them Water out of their own Ships, or
help them to it, as they promifed before.
The thirty-firft in the Morning, the Admi¬
ral having fent his Boat aboard the Tiger , Mr.
Towrfon took the Mafters with fome of the Mer¬
chants, and went to him. He had provided a
notable Banquet, and treated them very friendly, c
He renewed his Requeft to keep him Company,
promifing them half of the Victuals, or what¬
ever elfe they fancied aboard his Ships through¬
out the Voyage ; and offering even to furl his
Flags, and be at their Command in every Thing.
In the End, they agreed to come to an Anchor,
and fend their Boat and the Admiral’s afhore,
with one of his Pinnaces, and an Almaine , which
they had brought out of France , to feek Water.
As for their own Pinnace, fhe anchored out at d
Sea, and would not come near them.
The firft of "January , the Boats returned
without finding any River. Whereupon they fet
Sail, and came at Length to a River ; going into
which, next Day, they bargained and took five
fmall Elephant’s Teeth. The third, they took
five more. The fourth, the French Admiral and
they took fifteen fmall Teeth. This Day they
went to feek Elephants, with thirty Men well
armed, with Harquebulfes, Pikes, Long-bows, e
Crofs-bows, Partizans, Long-fwords, and Swords
and Bucklers. They found two, which they hit
feveral Times with Harquebulfes and Long-bows ;
but they went away, and hurt one of the Men.
The fifth they fet Sail, and ran along the Coaft.
The fixth, they fell with the River de Sant
Andre ; to the Weft of which there is high
Land, and a fair Bay. Next Day, they went in
and found no Village, but wild Negros not ac-
cuftomed to Trade. It is a very great River, and f
is feven Fathom deep in fome Places at the En¬
trance : Having taken in Water, they fet Sail.
The eighth, they proceeded along Shore, and
came to the red Cliffs % and went forward next
Day alfo.
The tenth, they confered with Captain Blun-
delly Admiral of the French Ships; Jerom Bau-
| trade fet
Ivory,
Ti.vy bunt
f-lepbar.ts.
pW Sant
Vndre.
pe red
#•
See before, p. 1 5 5
b Rather Lu ho<w3 or La hu.
Y
i s h ^ Guinea.’
det his Vice-Admiral ; John de Orleans Maflcr
of a Ship of feventy Tuns, and their Merchants.
It was agreed, that to whatever Place they came,’
they fhould be of one Mind, and not hurt each
others Market. To which End fome of their
Boats fhould fettle the Price for all, and then one
Boat make Sale for each Ship. This Night their
Boats, going to Shore, met with certain Negros,
who faid that they had Gold, and therefore they
here call Anchor.
The eleventh, they took but one half Angel AJbw^ »-
Weight of four Grains all the Day, which they,aHo^*
dealt for by Hand ; for the People of this Place,
which they called Allow b, had no Weights.
The twelfth, running along the Coaft, they
found only one Town ; but no Boats would come
out to them, and therefore they went on.
The thirteenth, Mr. Towrfon went along the
Coaft in his Boat, and palling by divers fmall
Towns, was waved to land at three Places : But
the Sea went fo high upon the Shore, that it was
not poftible. Neither could the Negros have come
to him, if they had had Boats; for he could fee
none but at one Place. There a Boat would needs
venture out, but was overfet by the Violence of
the Land-Wafti, and one of the Men drowned :
For which Misfortune the People made fuch loud
Lamentation, that the Englifh could eaftly hear
them. They got his Body out of the Sea, and
carried it to their Town.
The fourteenth, they came within Gun-fhotc^ del
of the Caftle ; from whence an Almade was im- Mina,
mediately fent out to obferve them ; and perceivingDondou'
they were not Portuguese , ran back to the Town
again : For there is a great Town by the Caftle,
called by the Negros, Dondou. Without this
there lie two great Rocks like Iflands, and the
Caftle ftands upon a Point, which appears almoft
like an Bland. Five or fix Leagues, before they
came to the Caftle, the Land was high; and low
for about feven Leagues before they came to it,
and then they found the Land high again. This
Caftle ftandeth above five Leagues to the Eaft of
Cape de Tres Puntas. Here Mr. Towrfon went in
the Boat with his Negros, and ran along the
Shore, as far as the Cape, and found two fmall
Towns, but no Boat at them, neither any Traffic
to be had. Here his Negros c underftood the Peo¬
ple well ; one of them called George went afhore
at all the Places, and was well received.
Next Day he went along the Shore, and about Bulk Town.
three Leagues beyond the eaftermoft Part of the
Cape, ran into a fair Bay, and found a fmall
Town, and fome Boats belonging to it ; but the
Natives for a long Time would not come out. At
laft, by the Perfuafion of his Negros, one Boat
came, with which he fent George afhore ; and
after he had talked to them, they approached the
c Thefe were the Negros brought back from England.
Boats
164
i556-
Towrfon.
Hanta, sr
Anta
Tew*,
Voyages of the English to Guinea.
Boats without Fear. He gave their Captain a a Brother’s Wife of one, and an Aunt of another, j 556.
Bafon, and two Strings of Margarets; and they In fhort, all the People fhewed as much Fondnefs Towrfon.
' fhewed him about five Ducats Weight of Gold, for them, as if they had been their own Brethren. * "v-’**
but required fo much for it, that he would not The Englijl) comforted the Captain, and told him,
take it: Becaufe the French and Englijh had agreed that he need not fear the Portugueze, for they
to fettle the Price of Goods all in one Boat ; after would defend him from them : Hereupon they or-
■which every Man was to fell in his own Boat, dered their Boats to fhoot off their Bales and Har-
This Place is called Bulle'. And here thelnhabi- quebuffes. They likewife caufed their Men to land
tants were very glad to fee the Negros that came with theirLong-Bows, and fhoot before the Captain
with him ; and fhewed them all the Friendfhip and his People ; who were much furprifed, efpe-
they could, when they found they were the Men, b dally to fee them fhoot fo far as they did, and af-
who had been taken away, and were now brought fayed to draw their Bows, but could not. When
back again. it grew late, they departed to their Ships, for they
Here the Boats were informed, that a Month looked every Hour for the Portugucze : Here the
ago two Ships attacked one, and put it to Flight ; Negros gave them to underftand, that there was
and that a little before, one French Ship being an Englijh Ship at the Mina, which had brought
met by four Portugueze , made them fheer off. one of the Negros again, whom Robert Gaynjh
This they took to be the Row-Barge : For the took away b.
French , who were in Company, judged her to Th e eighteenth, they went into the River with
have been there about that Time, with her Pin- no lefs Strength than before; and concluded with %-adtfr
nace. They faid alfo, that after her went firft a c the Negros to give them, for every Fuffe, twoGo/y‘
Ship of 240 Tons, called the Shaudet ; and then Yards and three Nails of Cloth, and to take for
another of fourfcore, both bound for th e Mina : it one Angel Ducat: They took in all feventy
And that they had left one at Cape Verde , called Ducats, whereof the French had forty, and the
the Louriere of Diepe , and another at the River Englijh thirty.
de Sejlos. The nineteenth, they went afhore, every Man
The fixteenth, Mr. Towrfon went along the for himfelf, and took a good Quantity of Gold.
Shore, with two of the French Pinnaces, and found Mr. Towrfon , for his own Part, took four Pound,
a Bay and River ; after which they went to a two Ounces, and half of Gold ; and the Hart’ s
Town called Hanta, twelve Leagues beyond the Boat twenty-one Ounces. At Night the Negros
Cape. Here his Negros were well known, the d gave them to underftand, that the next Day the
People weeping for Joy when they faw them, Portugueze would be with them by Land, or
and afked where Antony and Binne were; the o- Sea : And when the Boats were ready to depart, of d
thers told them, they were at London in England , they heard Harquebufles fhoot off in the Woods, Portugueze
and fhould be brought home the next Voyage. which they knew to be the Portugueze’, who did it
After this the Native Negros came aboard with to frighten them, and make them give over their
them, and brought a Weight, which was fo Traffic, but aurft not venture nearer them felves.
The twentieth, the Englifj manned their five
Boats, and a great Boat of the French , with their
and the Admiral’s Men. Twelve of them had onEnglirti on
fmall, that they could not give them half their
Demands.
They informed the Boats, that there were five
Ships at the Caftle, and one Pinnace; that the e their Murrians and Corfiets, and the reft were^"- Gu<m
Portugueze did much Harm to their Country, and all well armed: There were four Trumpets, a
that they lived in Fear of them : But were very Drum, and a Fife, and the Boats were adorned
glad, when the Englijh told them, that they would with very fair Silk Streamers and Pendants. In
Toion of
Shamma.
defend them from thofe Difturbers.
The feventeenth, they went afhore along with
the French , but did no great Good, the Negros
were fo unreafonable. They fold eighty Manel-
lios for one Ounce of Gold.
Then departing, they came to Shamma % (two
this Order they went into the River and trafficed,
their Man of War lying off and on in the River
to waft them ; but they heard no more of the
Portugueze. This Day the Negros told them,
that fome Ships were arrived at Hanta.
The twenty-firft, the Englijh manned their
Leagues beyond) and went into the River with f Boats, and went to a Place a League weftward ;
five Boats well appointed with Men and Ord¬
nance, under Sound of Trumpets and Drums ;
for they thought here to have found fome Por-
tugueze , but did not. After fending their Ne¬
gros on Shore, feveral of them followed, and
were very well received : The People were over¬
joyed to fee their Countrymen again, efpecially a
* Called before, p. 146 cm via, or Samua ; and by others, Sama.
and there found many Negros with another Cap¬
tain, and fold at the fame Rate they had dealt
with the others.
The twenty-fecond, they went afhore again,
and trafficed quietly ; Mr. Towrfon taking four
Pound and fix Ounces of Gold.
The twenty-third, about Night, the Negros,
fc See before, p. 1 57 d.
with
1 556-
Towrfon.
Portugueze
Fleet ap¬
pears.
V 6 ? a g e s c/ E N
with their Captain, came and told them, that a
the King of Portugal’s Ships had failed from the
Caftle, with Defign, next Day, to ply up to the
Windward and come to them, warning them to be
on their Guard. They told them, that they were
very glad of their Coming, and would be ready
at all Times to meet them. To let them fee they
were ferious, they founded their Trumpets, and
fhot oft'fome Guns : At which the Negros rejoiced,
and entreated them to fall on the Portuguese with¬
out Mercy, if they offered to hinder their Traf- b
fic ; promifing, if they came by Land, to give
them Notice.
The twenty-fourth, they went afhore with
their Trumpets and Drums, and trafficed ; the
Captain of the Town that Day dining with Mr.
Towrfon.
Next Day, while their Boats were afhore,
the Ships defcried five Sail of the Portuguese ; and
having fhot off Ordnance to call them away, they
threw every Man his Cafk afhore for Water, and c
returned : But by that Time they had weighed
and given out Orders, it was dark. They fet
Sail, and lay clofe all Night to get the Wind, if
they could, and made themfelves ready for the
Fight. The Tyger coming near fome of them,
one Shot off a Gun, which they judged to be the
Portuguese Admiral, for the reft of his Flpet to
come and fpeak with him.
The Englifh The twenty-fixth, the Englijh Ships, coming
advance, jn with the Shore, had Sight of the Portuguese , <
where they rid at Anchor, and bare with them.
They gave all their Men white Scarves, that the
French might diftinguifh one from the other, if
it came to boarding: However, Night came on,
that they could not fetch them ; but they an¬
chored within Demi-culverin Shot of them.
The twenty-feventh, they weighed, (fo did
the Portuguese) and about feven o’Clock, having
got the Wind of them, they went room with
them ; which when the Enemy perceived, they
tacked about to Shore again, and our Ships after
them. When they were fo near the Shore, that
they could not well run any farther that Way,
they tacked about again, and lay to the Seaward :
Our Ships tacked at the fame Time, and being a-
head of them, took in their Topfails and waited
for them. The firft that came up was a fmall
The Fight Bark, which carried good Ordnance, and failed
bc&ini' fo well, that {he valued no-body. She fhot at the
Tyger, but over-fhot her; and then let fly at the
Admiral of the French , and fhot him through in
two or three Places. After this, fhe went a-head
of the Englijh , becaufe they were in their fight¬
ing Sails. Then came up another Caravel, under
the Tyger’ s Lee, and fhot both at her and the
Frenchman: She hurt two of his Men, and fhot
him through the Main-maft. Next came up their
Admiral under the Lee of the Tyger alfo : But he
5
J5 &
Towrfon.
l5t
And chace
them.
glish to Guinea. 165
was not able to do them fo much Harm as the
fmall Ships, becaufe he carried his Ordnance
higher; neither was the Tyger able to make a' ^
good Shot at any of them, becaufe lhe was foj
weak in the Side, that fire lay all her Guns under
Water. Mr. Towrfon therefore refolved to lay
the great Ship aboard : But as foon as the French
Admiral went room with him, he fell a-ftern,
and could not fetch him. After that he fell behind
two Caravels more, and in fhort could fetch none Beth by the
of them, but fell to Leeward of them all ; and French,
tacking about to the Shore, left the Englijh to
fhift for themfelves. The other two Frenchmen
kept the Wind alfo, and would not advance.
The Hart was a-ftern, fo that fhe could not come
to them. For all this the Tyger hoifted her Top-
fails, and gave the Enemy Chafe : And after fhe
had followed them two Hours to Seaward, they
tacked about again towards Shore, thinking to
pay her off as they went by, and to get the Wind
of the French Admiral. She tacked about with ^Enginh.
them, and kept ftill the Wind, believing that her
Vice-Admiral and the Pinnace would have fol¬
lowed her, as they were ordered : But after that
the Portuguese were paft by them, and every one
had {hot at her, and the Vice-Admiral, the
Englijh Ships as well as the French ran to Seaward,
and left her in the Lurch. She pufhed ftill along,
and kept the Wind of them to luccour the French French Ad-
Admiral, who was under all of their Lees. Be- miraVsDan -
ing come up with him, every one gave him a^r*
Broad-fide : After which they tacked about again,
and durft not board him, becaufe they faw the
Tyger in the Weather of them; otherwife, with¬
out Doubt, they would have taken, or funk him :
For the three fmalleft went fo faft, that it was not
poflible for a Ship to board them ; and carried fuch
Ordnance, that if they had had theWeather, they
would have gauled three of the beft Ships in the
confederate Fleet. As for their Admiral and Vice-
; Admiral, they were both notably appointed.
When the Frenchman was clear of them, he ^je Tyger
lay as near the Wind as he could ; and feeing the left alone.
Tyger follow them ftill towards the Shore, ran to
Sea after the reft, and left her all alone. The
Portuguese perceiving this, turned about with her,
and fhe with them, to keep theWind ; running ftill
within Bafe-fhot of them : But they fhot not at
her, becaufe fhe had the Weather of them, and
faw that they could do her no Hurt. Thus they
f followed one another till Night, and then fhe loft
them : As for all the reft of the Ships, they crouded The Enemy
all the Sails they could, and ran to Sea, praying fiter #•
for the Tyger , as they confefl’ed ; which was all
the Help they defigned her.
SECT. IT.
Bad Plight of both French and Englifh Ships. The
Pinnace burned. Mr. Towrfon beloved in Gui¬
nea.
1 66
;<6.
i A
rovvrron.
nea. /Ar Trade being
feparates from them. Takes in much Geld. Snubs
<7 French Captain. King Abaan, and his great
City. Form of Audience. Ceremony in drinking.
Mowr© Town. New Portugueze Fleet arrive.
Chace the Englifh, who return home. Are at¬
tacked by a Frenchman, and maul him.
Voyages of the English to Guinea,
hurt by the French^ he a talk of any Price, but left a Pledge, and took
TH E twenty-eighth, (he met with the Vice-
Admiral, the Pinnace, and two of the
Frenchmen ; the third, which was the Roan Ship
B.i4 Plight of fourfcoreTuns, was fled clear off : Mr. Towr-
of the Ships. jon went in the Skiff, to know why they left him
in fuch a Manner. Kires’s Excufe was, that his
Ship would neither rear nor Peer ; and as for the
Pinnace, Davis faid (he would do nothing, and
that he could carry her no farther ; for her Rud¬
der was broken fo, that the Hart was forced to
tow her. Then he went to the French Admiral,
whom he found to be a Man of Courage, but
one half of his Men were lick and dead. The
fmaller Frenchman faid, he was in the fame Con¬
dition, and that his Ship would bear no Sail ; fo
that he was not able to do any thing. After this,
the French durft not anchor, for fear of the Por¬
tugueze.
The twenty-ninth, the Mafterof the Pinnace
came to tell him,that they were not able to keep her
any longer, her Rudder, with all the Iron Work,
being broken, both aloft and below. It was there¬
fore agreed to break her up, and put the Men
Into the Hart. Having taken out of her four
Bafes,one Anchor, and certain Fire- Wood, they fet
her on Fire, and afterwards ran along the Coaft.
The thirtieth, they ran into Shore, and fpoke
with certain Negros, who told them, that fome
French Ships had been there ; but there was no
dealing with them, they were fo unreafonable.
Next Day, Mr. TowrJ'on went to Shore, but did
not traffic.
‘The Pinnace
burnt.
The
. „ . 1556.
another of Mr. Towrfon. Towrfon.
The fourth, going onShore, he fd;md, that' - y— - ~
the Ships of France , which had been there, had
done much Hurt to the Markets, yet took five french."
Ounces and a Half of Gold.
The fifth, he took eight Ounces, and one
eighth Part of Gold : But obferving, that the Ne¬
gros perceived the Difference betwixt the Englijh
and the French Cloth, which was better and
broader, he told Captain Blutidel , that he would go
to Leeward, becaufe he found he could do no good
where his Cloath was fold, at which Blundel was
concerned.
The fixth, there came an Almade2 and Ne- h invited
gros aboard, requeuing him to goto their Town, elfewbert,
where they faid, there was much Gold, and
many Merchants. He went, and found their old
Captain gone, and another in his Place ; but the
Merchants, not being come down, they did no¬
thing that Night but give Pledges.
The feventh, George the Negro came to him, t^o Port*.
having followed them at leaft thirty Leagues gueze
in a fmall Boat. When he came, the Negros and
the Englijh foon concluded about thePrice ; and Mr.
Towrfon took, this Day, five Pound, one Ounce,
and three Quarters of Gold. This Negro, who
had been left at Shamma at the Time of the Fight,
faid, that he faw the Adlion from Shore ; that
when our Ships went away, the Portugueze came
into their River, and told them, the Englijh had
flain two of their Men with a Cannon ; (Tins
was fhot from the Tyger ,) and that they required
Harbour there, but the Captain of Shamma would
not fuffer them.
Next Day, they took nineteen Pound, three Much G>U
Ounces, and a Half. The ninth, two Pound, taken.
fix Ounces, and a Half. The tenth, three Pound.
The eleventh, came ferom Bawdet , Vice-
Admiial of the French , and his Pinnace, faying,
firft of February. , feeing they could not e that where they left them, there was no good’fori, Frenck
! Negros to anv Rpflfnri- thpTr _ c _ 1 it ~ - .. .
Towrfon be
lived.
bring the Negros to any Reafon, they weighed,
and came to another Place {landing on an Hill.
The third Day, he went to a Town four
Leagues from them, and {hooting off two Pieces,
the Captain came : Being known to Thomas
Rippen , he was fent to Shore. As foon as he
landed, he was remembered by the Captain, and
divers of the Negros, who afked for Mr. Towr¬
fon \ and being told, that he was in the Boat, the
Chief immediately caufed two Boats to put to
Sea, and feeing Mr. Towrfon at a Diftance, called
out to him, and feemed to be the gladdeft Man
alive : So did all the Company who knew him.
He made him a Prefent, as the Manner of the
Country is, and caufed the Frenchmen to give ano¬
ther, promifing to treat with him the next Day.
That Night, becaufe it was late, he would not
Or Almadia .
be done, and therefore he would go to the Ea fi-pMcd.
ward . But they told him he fhould not, and com¬
manded him to go to his Company, which he
was appointed to be with. This he refufed to do,
till three or four Shot were made at the Pinnace j
and when the Ship faw that, they both tacked a-
bout, and ran to Sea. 7 he Englijh took, this
Day, one Pound five Ounces.
Fhe twelfth, there came one of the French
Pinnaces laden with Cloth, and would have made
Sale, but Mr. Tonurfon would not fuffer him ;
and fending him aboard the Ship, caufed him to
ride there all Day. They took five Pound, fix
Ounces, and a Half of Gold ; and next Day four
Ounces more of fome Negros.
The fifteenth, they came to another Town ; Ano.hfr
and next Day, Mr. Towrfon going afhore, under- Town.
flood.
|i556-
jpwfOH' ^
Voyages of the English to Guinea.
flood, that three of the Portuguese Ships were at
the Caftle, and the other two at Sbamma. 1 he
Captain of this Place was gone to the principal
Town to fpeak with the King; but returned
foon after, and brought our Merchants a Weight
and Meafure. Mr. Towrfon fent a Man to fee
that principal Town, and the King. The Por-
i6y
that Purpofe, over the Roads, which they are 1556.
obliged to pafs; for there is no getting otherwife Towrfon.
to the Town, by reafon of the Thickets and' - V—
Bufhes which are about it. It is alfo walled
round with long Cords, bound together with
Sedge and Bark of Trees.
Their Men arrived at the Town, about five Form of Au~
that principal i uwij^ duu me ■LV>I ll&* A 1 . , , . . Aip-nre
tuvueze Ships rid fo near ours, that they might in the Morning (for there they travel always mdienc *
v . . TT _ _11 _ ^ A Km if ninf»
e!d taken
- 1 — ' . .
be with them in three Hours ; yet were all con¬
tented to tarry for Sales.
The eighteenth, fome of the King’s Ser¬
vants cameto them, and they took one Pound,
two Onnra and one eighth Part of Gold. Next
Day, fivfl^ound, one Ounce. The twentieth,
one Pound, four Ounces ; and, the twenty-firft,
took four Pound and one Ounce. This Day
the Negros enquiring for fine Cloth, Mr. Towr-
the Night, by reafon of the Heat.) About nine
the King fent for them; for no Man goes to
him without being called. They would have
carried their Prefent with them ; but the Ne¬
gros told them they muft be three Times in
his Prefence, before they offered their Gift. When
they went, he talked with, and received them,
very friendly, and kept them about half an Hour.
He fent for them twice afterwards, and the laft
fan opened two Pieces, which they faid were not Time they brought him their Prefent ; which he
^nnncrh h.n feeing there was no other, received thankfully, and then caufed a Pot of
-
\’hg Aba-
1.
urge City
"fine 'enough, but feeing there was no other,
they bought of them. At Night he provided
a Gift or Prefent, and fent one Merchant and
a Mariner with it to the King, to acquaint him, c
that the Ships wanting Victuals, could not flay
long ; and indeed molt of the Beer had leaked
out of the Cafks.
The twenty-fecond they took three Ounces
and a half.
The twenty -third, their Men came from
the King Abaan , who had received them very
friendly, but had little Gold : However he
promifed if they would flay, to fend through his
Country for fome ; and defired them, at their c
Return home, to fpeak to their King to fend
Men and Materials into his Country to build a
Caftle, with Taylors to make them Cloaths: Af-
furing them, that if they brought good Wares,
they would find a Vent; but that, for the pre¬
fent, the French had glutted them with Cloth.
This Town (lands a about four Leagues with¬
in Land, and appeared to them as big as London ;
but the Buildings are no better than in other
Places. There is Abundance of that Country <
Wheat in the Neighbourhood. On one Side of
the Town there was, as they computed, one
Thoufand Ricks of Wheat, and another Sort of
Corn much ufed in Spain, called Mill [or Mil¬
let.] They keep drift Watch there every Night,
and have Cords, with Bells at them, ftretched
a-crofs the Ways which lead into Town; fo
that if any one touch the Cords, the Bells ring,
and then the Watchmen run to fee who they
are : If they be Enemies, and pafs the Cords,
they take them by letting fall Nets, hung lor
received thankfully, and then caufed a Pot of
Palm-Wine to be brought, and made them drink.
Throughout the Country, before they drink,
they ufe certain Ceremonies.
First, they make a Hole in the Ground, cfrePj^,'K
and put fome of the Liquor into it ; then they ingt
call the Earth upon it, which they dug out be¬
fore: This done, they fet the Pot thereon, and
with a little Cup made of a Goord, take out
fome of the Drink, and lay it on the Ground in
three Places. In divers Parts they have certain
Bunches of Palm- Bark fet in the Earth before
them, and there they put in fome Drink, doing
great Reverence every where to thofe Trees.
These Ceremonies being over, the King And before
took a Cup of Gold, into which. Wine being ^ King.
poured, he drank, the People at the fame Time
faying, Abaan! Abaan! with certain other
Words; juft as they do in Flanders on Twelfth-
Night. When the King had drank, they gave
Liquor to each : After which he difmifled them.
In quitting the King’s Prefence, it is the Cuftom
for every one to bow three Times towards him,
at the fame Time waving both Hands together.
The King hath commonly fitting by him eight
or ten antient Men, with grey Beards.
This Day they took one Pound and ten Tradi, htr^
Ounces of Gold. The twenty-fourth, three
Pound and feven Ounces, The twenty-fifth,
three Ounces, three quarters. The twenty-fixth,
two Pound, ten Ounces. The twenty-feventh,
two Pound, five Ounces. The twenty-eighth,
four Pound ; and then perceiving there was no
' more Gold to be had, they weighed and went
forth.
a ’Tis hard to difeover what Place this was. Perhaps it was Great Conmendo, or Guaffo, which Hands on a
Hill, near the River that runs by the Town of the Mina, and is Hill the Refidence o* a King ; in which Ca e
the Port they put in at, might have been Little Commendo : But the City-royal is very far from as
as London was, in 1556, not having above 400 Houfes. As to the Contrivance for apprizing the Watchmen of the
Approach of an Enemy, and taking them Prifoners, it mud be allowed to be a notable Kventmn ; we mean of
our Countrymen. Sure an Enemy might eafily deftroy thefe NetTraps to catch Soldiers, thefe I ackthread
tiheations, >7-
1 68
l556’
Towrfon.
Mowre
Town.
Cajlle del
Mina.
A new Por-
tugueze
Fleet.
Give them
Chafe,
Return home¬
wards.
Cape das
Palmas,
And Men-
Airado.
Voyages j/ & English to Guine a.
Ti-ie firft of March they came to a Town a with the Shore, on purpofe to lofe him, being 1556.
called Mowre , but found neither Boats nor Peo- offended that he had told him of his Folly. Towrfon.
pie there. Being ready to depart, there came The twenty-feventh, they came inSight ofv'—
two Almades from another Town, which, ex- two fmall Blands (according to their Opinion) fi!Crra Leo*
changed two Ounces and a half of Gold ; and that lie fix Leagues oft' the Head-land of Sierra
told them, that the Negros who dwelled at Leona ; although, by their Reckoning, they
Mowre , were removed to Lagoua a. were thirty or forty Leagues at the leaft from
The fecond, they came thwart of the Caftle them. For which Reafon all who fail this Way
del Mina , about two Leagues from Shore, and ought to regard the Currents, that fet North Caution about
there faw the five Portugueze Ships at Anchor. North- Weft, or elfe they may be much de- thc C:inent*>
The fame Day, by Night, they fetched Shamma. b ceived.
The third, they defcried a tall Ship, of about The fourteenth of April , they met with
200 Tuns, in the Weather of them, lefs than .two great Ships of Portugal , which .^although
two Leagues diftant, and prefently two more in the Weather, yet came not room with them ;
a-ftern of her; one a Ship of 500 Tuns, or whereby they judged they were bound for Ka-
more ; the other a Pinnace : And thefe were a lekut.
new Fleet, juft arrived from Portugal. Here- The eighteenth, they were in the Height of Cape Verda
upon they weighed, and made fhift to get out Cape Perde ; and, the twenty-fourth, palled the
to Sea. But the Wind coming to the South Tropic of Cancer. The firft of May, Henry
South-Weft, the Hart went room with the Ty- TVilfon , their Steward, died; and, next Day,
ger , and fell three Leagues to the Leeward : The c John Underwood. The fifth, they were in the
Portugueze gave her Chafe from nine in the Height of St. Michael.
Morning till five at Night, but did no good a- The twenty-third, they fpied a Ship in th e-dnaekedtj
gainft them. At laft, perceiving their Admi- Weather of them, which proved to be a French- ^cncll‘
ral to be far a-ftern of his Company, becaufe man of ninety Tuns, who came up very boldly ;
his Maintop-maft was fpent, the Tyger determin- and judging the Tyger to be weak, (as indeed Ihe
ed to face them again ; and indeed being fure to was) becaufe they perceived fhe had been upon a
weather them, as the Wind flood, it was their long Voyage, drew nearer, and thought to have
bell Courfe : But the Hart was fo far to Lee- laid her aboard. Some of his Men appearing
ward, that they could not do it, without lofing d in Armour, commanded them to ftrike: They
her Company. Hereupon they took in fome of anfwered them with Crofs-bars, Chain-fhot, and
their Sails, and went room with her ; which Arrows, fo thick, that it made the upper Work
when file perceived, fhe luffed to, and was able of their Ship fly about their Ears, and fpoiled
to lie as near as fhe did before. At Night, when the Captain, with all his Men ; in fhort, they
they came up with her, the Mafter would not tore his Ship miferably with their great Ord-
fpeak to them ; and when his Crew were afked nance : This cooling his Courage, he began to
why he went fo room, their Anfwer was, that fall a-ftern, and to croud on his Sails, to get a -WhocatM
they were able to carry no 'more Sail, for fear way as fall as he could. They, to fhew their a crartar%
of bearing their Foretop-maft over-board: But e Love farther, gave him four or five good Balls
this was a fimple Excufe. more for his Farewel ; and thus they were rid
The fourth, being put from their Watering- of the Monfieurs , who did them no Harm at all.
place, they began to boil their Meat in fait Wa- There was aboard the Tyger , a French Trumpet-
ter, and to retrench their Allowance of Drink, er, who being fick in Bed, yet (on this Occa-
to make it holdout the longer; and fo refolved fion) took his Trumpet, and founded till he
to fail homewards. could found no more, and fo died.
The twelfth of March they were thwart of The twenty-eighth, they conferred together.
Cape das Palmas. and agreed to go into the Severn , and fo to Brijlol :
The fixteenth, they fell with the Land, f but the fame Night they had Sight of the Li-
which they judged to be Cape Menfurado , about zard, which they were forced to bear with, not
which Place there is very much high Land. being able to double the Land’s End, becaule of
The eighteenth, Mr. Towrfon loft Sight of the Wind; and next Day, about nine in th e They arrive
the Hart, and judged the wilful Mafter ran in Morning, they arrived fafely at Plymouth . mouth
f Or La guy, nine Leagues Eaft of Mover ee, as Monuree is four and a half Eafl of the Caftle del jl fytia.
CHAP.
1 557*
'J’owrfon.
Tki Fleet
fits «Ut.
\Seize the
i 'Seeds,
Voyages of the English /u Guinea,
CHAP. VI.
cfhe third and lafl Voyage of Mr. TowiTon to the Coafl of Guinea, and the Caftle
del Mina, 1557.
169
1557.
Town on.
Meets two
Ships,
‘onfu ‘t tohat
k >40,
s E C T. I. ;
meet and feize tzvo Hambourg Ships , with
Goods belonging to the French. Take out the
(roods, and difmifs the Hulks. The Canaries.
Weft-India Fleet infult the Englifla. The Spani¬
ards jnubbed. Rio del Oro. Capes Blanco and
Verd. French trade there.
TH E thirtieth of January, the Year above-
faid, they departed out of the Sound of
Plymouth , with a Fleet of three Ships. The !
Minion , Admiral ; the Chrijlopher , Vice-Admi¬
ral ; ami the Tyger : Befides which was a Pin¬
nace, called the Unicorn a ; being all bound for
the Canaries , and from thence to the Coaft of
Guinea.
Next Day they met with two Hulks of
Dantzick ; one called the Rofe , a Ship of 400
Tons, Nicholas MaJJe, Matter ; the other the Uni¬
corn, 150 Tons, Melchior JVhite, Matter; both laden
at Bourdeaux, for themoft Part with Wines : When
our Ships came up, they ordered them to fend
their Boats on board, and examined every one
apart, if they had Goods belonging to the
French b in their Ships. They faid they had none :
But, by the Contrarieties of their Accounts, and
the Sufpicioufnefs of their Charter-Parties, the
contrary appeared. One of them being ordered
to fetch his Bills of Lading, denied he had any :
but fome of the Englijh going on board with
him, caitfed him to go to the Place where he <
had hid them ; and the Difference between thofe
Bills and his Talk, confirmed their Sufpicion.
Hereupon they examined ftri&ly the Purler and
Matter of the Unicorn , who confeffed they had
thirty-two Tons and a Hogfhead of [Wine be¬
longing to] a Frenchman. The Mailer of the
great Ship being interrogated, alfo confeffed he
had an hundred and twenty-eight Tons of the
lame Frenchman s. More than this, they would
not acknowledge, but faid that the reft of the
Cargo was laden by Peter Lewgues, of Ham-
being , to be delivered to one Henry Summer , of
Camphire ; notvvithftanding all their Letters were
directed to Hambourg, and written in Dutch
without, and in French within.
After this they confulted what was beft to
be done. William Cretton and Edward Selrnan
were of Opinion, to carry them either into Spain ,
or Ireland , and fell the Goods ; or elfe return to
England with them. But Mr. Towrfon having
Regard to the Charge given by their Principals,
both in Words and Writing, not in any Cafe to
prolong the Time, for fear of loling the Voyage ;
cohlidering alfo that the Time of the Year was
very far fpent ; and that the Money they fhould
make of the Wines would not be much, compared
with the Benefit propofed from the Voyage, he
endeavoured to difluadethem, by obferving : Firft,
that if they went into Ireland , the. Wind being
Eafterly, they might be locked in there, and fo
lofe their Voyage. Secondly, that he was againft
going to Spain, in regard their Ships failed fo ill,
that his kept them Company only with her Fore¬
fails (fo that in every two Days failing they would
hinder him more than one) ; that the Wind being
Eafterly, he fhould not be able to feize the
Coaft with them ; and chiefly on account of the
Lofs of Time that would accrue. And as for
carrying them back to England, he held it quite
inconvenient ; although the Wind had been fair,
as it was not, conlidering how anxious their
Employers were to difpatch them out of the Way,
left they fhould be detained on account of the
Wars.
Some of the Company, not fatisfied with 7 akcoutfe.
thefe Reafons, went to know the Matter’s Opi - veral Gmh,
nion, who told them plainly, that to carry the
Ships into any Place, would be prejudicial to the
Intereft of the Proprietors ; and that if they delay¬
ed patting the Cape but one Month longer, only
a few Men would go the Voyage. Upon this
they paufed, and it was determined at laft, that
every Alan fhould take out of the Hulks fo much
as he could well beftow for Neceffaries ; and that
next Morning they fhould conclude what was
farther to be done. So the Minion took out four¬
teen Tons and a half of Wine, and put one
Ton into the Pinnace :Likewife one Hogfheadof
Aquavitae, fix Cakes of Rofin, a finall Halfer
for Ties, and certain Chefnuts.
The Chrijlopher took ten Tons of Wine, p/s»*,
and one Hogfhead; a Quantity of Aquavitoe,
Shall-Lines, Chefnuts, fix double Bafes, with
their Chambers. Her Aden broke up the Hulk’s
Chefts, and took out their Ccmpaffes, Running-
a This Voyage is in Hakluyt' s Colle&ion, Vol. 2. part 2. p. 44. and contains near eight Pages. In this fe
cord Edition it is afligned to the Year 1577 : But this is corrected by the Edition of 1589, which dates it in
1557- b L is to be underflood, that at this Time there was War betwixt England and France. Hakluyt.
Vo*,. I. N° VIII. Z Glalfes,
JJO
*557-
Towrl'on.
Difmifs the
Hulks,
Tcneril'.
Grand Ca-
nary.
Voyages of the
Glades. and Sounding -Lead,; and Candles. They
alfo caft fome of their Beef over-board, and
Tpoiled them fo much, that in Pity Mr. Towrfon
gave them a Compafs, a Running-Glafs, a Lead,
and a Line, fome Bread and Candles, and what
Apparel of theirs he could find in their Ship. He
returned them alfo fome of the Money which
William Crompton took for the Ranfom of a poor
Frenchman , who had been their Pilot down the
River of Bourdeaux ; and by reafon of the foul
Weather, they were not able to fet him afhore
again. The Tyger alfo took out of the fmaller
Hulk, fix or feven Tuns of Wine, one Hogf-
head of Aquavitae, and certain Rofin ; and two
Bafes out of the great Hulk.
The firft Day of February , in the Morning, th«y
all came together again, except William Cromp¬
ton , who fent them word, that he was contented
to agree to whatever they fhould refolve upon.
EDWARD S ELMAN was of the Opinion,
that it was beft to put Men into the Ships, and
carry them to England: But neither Mr. Towrfon
nor the Mafter would agree to this; it beingthought
imprudent to unman their Ships going outward,
coniidering how dangerous the Time was. So
that at length it was agreed to let them depart ;
and give the Dantzickers the Wine which was left,
for the Freight of thofe Things, which the Englijh
had taken from them. So having received a
Hands, acknowledging how
to the French ,
had belonging
Note under their
much Goods they
they difmifled them
The tenth, being, by their Reckoning, twen¬
ty-five Leagues Abort of the Grand Canarie , the
Pinnace broke her Rudder, and was towed at the
Stern of the Minion , which yet kept Company
with the reft of the Ships. About eleven o’Clock
they had Sight of that Ifiand.
Th e eleventh, when they came to the Ifland,
they found it was Tenerif. \ and then indeed faw
the Grand Canarie , which lieth twelve Leagues e
to the Eaftward ; whither they fhaped their Courfe,
becaufe the Road of Tenerif was foul Ground,
and nothing was to be had there for helping the
Pinnace.
The twelfth, they came in the Road of the
Town of Canarie , which lies one League from the
fame : And after they had faluted the Town and
Caftle with feveral Pieces of Ordnance, the Go¬
vernor and Captains of the Ifland, fent to defire
the Captains of the Ships te come afhore, and
received them very friendly, offering their Jen¬
nets to ride to Town; whither they went with
two Englijl) Merchants, who refided there, and
remained in their Houfe that Day. Next Day
they went aboard to deliver their Merchandize,
and get their Pinnace mended.
English to Guinea.
The fourteenth, came into the Road, the 1557.
Spanif) Fleet, bound to the Emperor’s 3 Indies , Towrfon.
which confifted of nineteen Sail ; whereof fix ^
were Ships of four and five hundred Tons, the^e^'India
reft of two hundred, an hundred and fifty, and
one hundred. When they were come to Anchor,
they, with their Guns, faluted the Englijl) , who
returned the Compliment. Afterwards the Ad¬
miral, (who was a Knight) fent his Pinnace, de¬
firing to fee Mr. Towrfon , whom he received very
friendly, and feafted; difcourfing about the State
of England and Flanders. When Mr. Towrfon hfult the
was in the Boat, ready to return, one of the Ad-EnSWlf/i'£
mi ral’s Gentlemen fpoke to Francifco, the Portu¬
guese. , his Interpreter, to require him to furl his
Flag, for that he was the General of the Emperor’s
Fleet. Being come aboard, Francifco acquaint¬
ed him therewith ; and becaufe he refufed to furl
it, fome Soldiers in the Spanijk Ships, {hot their
Harquebufles at the Minion , and over her Flag.
At the fame Time, fome Gentlemen coming Humbled by
aboard to fee the Ship, Mr. Towrfon told them, Towrfon.
that if they did not command their Men to for¬
bear, he would {hoot the beft Ordnance he had
thorough their Sides. Perceiving the Captain
was offended, they departed, and caufed their
Soldiers to (hoot no more. Afterwards they came
again, and told him they had punifhed their Men.
That done, he {hewed them his Ship, and made
them the beft Cheer he could, which they re¬
ceived very kindly; and next Day fent for him
to dine with them, with Word, that their Ge¬
neral was very forry that any Man fhould require
him to furl his Flag ; and that it was without his
Confent: Requefting Mr. Towrfon not to impute
any Incivility to him ; and promifing that no
Man of his fhould mifbehave himfelf.
The feventeenth, leaving Grand Canarie , next
Morning they reached the Coaft of Barbary ; and
running along the Shore, had Sight of Rio de/R iodelOrc
Oro , which lies almoft under the Tropic.
The twenty-firft, they found themfelves to be
f
in twenty Degrees and a half, which is the
Height of Cape Blank ; and, the twenty-fifth, Ca/*BlaflCC
had Sight of the Land in the Bay, to the North¬
ward of Cape Verde.
The twenty-fixth, Mr. Towrfon went with
Francifco and Francis CaJlelin in the Pinnace, on
board the Tyger , which was neareft Shore ; and,
with her and the other Ships, ran Weft by
South, and Weft South -Weft, till about four
o’Clock, at which Time they were very near the^/* Yerdt
Cape. Then they ran in South-Weft ; and, be¬
yond the Cape about four Leagues, found a fair
Ifland, with two or three others, which were
very high Rocks, and fo full of Pigeons, and
divers Sorts of both Sea and Land Fowls, that
* The Emperor Charles V. then King of Spain.
the
1557’
Towrfon’
French
‘Trade there,
They go in
$uej} of it.
Cut/} of
Guinea.
their Dung,
Voyages
the whole Ifland was covered with
and fo white, as if it had been of Chalk. With-
thofe Ifland?, was a very fair Bay ; and near
the Rocks, eighteen Fathom Water, and fair
Ground. Underftanding that the French had a
great Trade there, and being defirous to pry into
it, they call Anchor in the Bay : After which,
they caufed the Pinnace to run beyond another
Cape, to fee if there were any Place to trade in
there.
It being near Night, Mr. Towrfon took the
Cock-boat, and Tiger’s Skiff, and went to the
Ifland, where they got certain Fowls like Can-
nards [Ducks ;] after which, having a Mind to
try what could be done there, he went to talk
to the Captain of the Chrijlopher about it, but
found him not willing to continue there ; and the
Mafter faid pofitively, he would not, for that he
was not bound thither.
The twenty-feventh, the Captain % and Ed¬
ward Selman from the Tiger ^ and John Make-
worth from the Chrijlopher , came to Mr. Towr-
fon , and agreed to go with the Pinnace along the
Shore, becaufe no Negros came to them where they
rode; and the Pinnace brought them Word, that
there was a very fair Ifland beyond the Point.
Thither they went, and found alfo a goodly Bay.
On the Coaft they faw Negros, who waved
to them : Whereupon, calling Anchor with the
Pinnace, they went afhore in their Cock, and
of the English to Guin e a.
The eleventh, they went afnore, and found
17*1
J557-
a Man, who fpeaking (omc Port uguezc, told them, Towrfon.
that three French Ships had palled by ; one two
Months, and the other one Month before. Here
Mr. Towrfon received nineteen Elephants Teeth,
and two Ounces and half a quarter of Gold.
The twelfth, they failed for the River de jiimr
Sejlos, and, the thirteenth, at Night, fell withSeftos,
the fame.
The fourteenth, thofe in the Minion , fent
their Boats for Water, and rummaged the Ship;
delivering fuch Wares to the Chrijlopher and Tiger ,
as they had need of.
The fifteenth, they met, and agreed to fend
the Tiger to another River to take in her Water,
and fee if fhe could get any Grains [o IParadife, fo
they called Guinea Pepper], After this, they
went into the River with Goods, where they
found a Negro, who was born in Lisbon , and had
been left there by a Ship of Portugal , which1 was
burned laft Year at this River, fighting with three
Frenchmen. He told them farther, that two News »f
Months before, there were three French Ships at [^nch
this Place ; two more, within fix W eeks ; and
one, fifteen Days pad ; and that they all were
gone towards the Mina. This Day they took but
few Grains.
The nineteenth, confidering that the French
were gone before them, and that by Reafon of
the unwholfome Air of the Place, fourteen of the
were (hewed where their Trade was. They had d Minion’s Men were Tick, they determined to de-
Elephants Teeth, Mu(k, and Hides ; and offer¬
ed to fetch down their Captain, if the Englifh
would fend a Man with them, propofing to leave
a Pledge for him. Being afked, how long fince
any Ship had been there ? Some of them (aid, it
was above eight Months ; others, fix ; and others,
but four. They faid, the Owners wer t Frenchmen:
But the Chrijlopher being unwilling to (lay, they
departed, and went aboard the Tiger.
SECT. II.
They fall with the Coajl of Guinea. River Seftos*
News of French Ships. Rio de Potos. Hanta.
Meet five Portugueze Ships. Are attacked , and
fight. Lagua. Go in Quejl of the French.
run.
Come up with them. They
taken. Proves a rich Prize,
there. Perenine. Mowre.
Refufes to trade. Infulted
burn the Town.
TH E tenth of March , they fell
Coaft of Guinea , five Leagues
Cape de Monte , near a River, called
Palmas.
The Mullet
Egrand. Trade
Don John’* Town,
at Mowre. They
with the
Weft of
Rio das
part, and haften to the Mina.
The twenty-firft, they came to the River Po¬
plar, where fome of the Boats went in for Wa- t0 ‘
ter : And Mr. Towrfon , in the Cock, took twelve
fmall Elephants Teeth.
The twenty- third, after they had taken as
many Teeth as they could get, about nine of the
Clock they fet Sail.
2 The thirty-firft, they came to Hanta , and Hanta.
fold fome Manillios [or Bracelets].
The firft of April, having deferied five Sail Meet five
of Portugueze , they went off to Sea, to get the
Wind of them; which they (hould have done,'
had it kept its ordinary Courfe at South- Weft,
and Weft South-Weft : But this Day it blew at
Eaft, and Eaft South-Eaft, fo that the Portugueze
had the Wind of them, and came all except one,
(which failed not fo well as the reft] within Shot,
f Then it falling calm, the Wind changed to
South-Weft: However, it being near Night, and
the Chrijlopher , by Means of her Boat, four
Leagues to Leeward, the Minion tacked, and ran
into the Weather of the Admiral, and three more.
When they were near they fpake to him, but
he would not anfwer. Then they tacked about.
a It is hard to find who the Captain* were ; for their Names and Titles are never mentioned together.
Z 2
Voyages of the English to Guinea.
and lay in the Weather of him; who tacking a Fear of over-fhooting them, the Minion fhould
Towrfon. alfo, (hot at them : They returning the Compli
ment, fhot him four or five Times through. The
‘arJfglt Minion received feveral Shot through her Sails;
but no Man was hurt. The Tiger and Pinnace,
becaufe it was Night, kept out their Sails, and
would not meddle with him. For the fame Rea-
fon, the Minion would not lay him aboard : But
after fighting more than two Hours, gave over
(hooting, and kept dill the Weather of the Ene¬
my. Then the Tiger and Pinnace tacking about, 1
came up; and afterward all three (food to Sea,
and (hot off a Piece to give Warning to the
Chrijlopher.
This Night, about twelve, there being very
little Wind, and the Mafter of the Tiger afleep,
by the ill Work of his Men, the Ship fell aboard
the Minion , and with her Shear-hooks, cut the
others Main-fail. Her Boat, being betwixt the
two, was broken and funk, with certain Mer¬
chandize in her : The Ship’s Wales were alfo <
broken, with her Outleger: Yet in the End,
they got clear cf her, without any more Hurt ;
a'though (lie was in great Danger of being broken
down to the Water.
Purfue the The fecond, they drew near the Chrijlopher,
Enemy. and Mr. Towrfon going on board, was informed,
that after the Portuguez e had left his Ship, they
all went room with him ; and meeting about
twelve at Night, exchanged Bullets with them.
They (hot him thorough the Sails in divers Places, i
but did no other great Hurt. Hereupon, they all
agreed to feek the Enemy, and keep a-weather
their Places of Traffic. Accordingly, the third,
they ran all Day South-Weft wards in Queft of
them ; but getting no Sight of them, hauled into
Shore again.
The fourth, when they came in Sight of
Land, they found, that the Current had fet
them thirty Leagues to the Eaftward of their
Reckoning, which they wondered at; for the
Lajua. firft Land they made was Lagua a. Then Mr.
Towrfon went with his own and the Chrijlopher' s
Boat, onShore; and by Means of their Negro,
learned, that there were four French Ships upon
the Coaft : One at Perinnen , fix Leagues to the
Weft: Another at IVeamha b, four Leagues to
theEaft: A third at Perecoiv c, four Leagues
Eaftward of Weomba: And the fourth at Egrand d,
W’hich is four Leagues to the Eaft of Perecovo.
Go wQucJ! Up0n this Intelligence, they agreed to go and
Trench. drive the French from their Traffic: And within
an Hour had Sight of one of them under Sail,
hauling off from IVeamha , to whom they gave
Chace. It was agreed, that in the Night, for
1 cnvrfon.
firft come to Anchor ; and about three Hours
after, the Tiger and Chrijlopher , to bear along all'
Night.
The fifth, they found three of the French C°,nc UP
Ships at Anchor; La foye de Honfleur, a Ship of ,hsm'
two hundred and twenty Tons ; the Venter eufe,
or fmall Row-bar gc of Honfeur , of one hundred
Tons; (both the Property of Shawdetot Honfeur ;}
and the Mulct de Batuille, one hundred and twen¬
ty Tons, which belonged to Merchants of Roan.
It had been determined, that the Minion (hould They ».
lay the Admiral aboard ; the Chrijlopher , the Vice-
Admiral ; and the Tiger , the fmalleft : But when
they drew near, the Monfieurs weighed ; and the
Chrijlopher being the headmoft and weathermoft
Man, went room with the Admiral. The Row-
barge went fo faft, that they could not fetch her.
The firft that they came to was the Mulet ; whom'77' Mullet
they laid aboard, entered and took. She was the^'7"
richeft Ship, except the Admiral, which had taken
about eighty Pound of Gold ; the Row-barge but
twenty-two. This they learned of the Prifoners.
They had been upon the Coaft of Mina two
Months and odd Days : Although the Row-barge
had been there earlier with another Ship of Diepe ,
and a Caravel, which had beaten all the Coaft ;
and were departed one Month before the Englifk
arrived. Thefe three had taken about feven hun¬
dred Pound of Gold.
Having left Men to keep the Prize, they
gave Chace to the other two Ships, till three
o’Clock next Day in the Afternoon : But as they
could not fetch them, and brought themfelves to
the Leeward of their Place, they gave over the
Purfuit, and flood in again to Shore.
The feventh, the Prize-Gold being weighed^ rich
before the Captains, Merchants, and Mafters of P'1™’
the Ships, amounted to fifty Pound five Ounces.
The twelfth, they came to the farther Place Egrand,
of the Alina , called Egrand : Here they took the
Merchants Goods out of the Prize, and would
have fold her, with the Victuals, to the French¬
men : But being leaky, they declined it ; and de¬
fined to be admitted on board the Engli/h Ships ;
which was granted. It was alfio agreed, to take
out the Victuals, and fink the Ship.
The fifteenth, at Night, they made an End
of difcharging the Prize, and divided all the
Frenchmen among the Ships, except four who
were fick, and not able to help themfelves:
Which four, both the Chrijlopher and the Tiger
refufed to take, leaving them in their Ship alone
in the Night ; fo that about Midnight, Mr,
Towrfon was forced to fetch them into his Ship.
1 Or Lagvy ; afterwards called Laguoa ; and Lagvoa by Lok.
Fort. c This feems to be the Little Barakkovj , or Beronu.
glijh, Dutch , and Danes, have each a Fort.
b Or Wiamba , where the EngHJb have a
d This feems to b z.Akkara, where the Eng-
The
*557-
Voyages of the English to Guinea. 173
The fifteenth of April, the Company being a Mr. Towrfon , and the Captain of the Chriftspher, 1557.
rafe,
VTraie at
‘ £ grand.
Towrfon. moved for the Voyage to Benin , molt of them
refufed it. Whereupon it was agreed to fpend as
much Time on the Coaft as they could, in order
to make their Voyage : Accordingly, the Minion
was to flay at Egrand , the Tiger to go to Peri-
cow , which is four Leagues off, and the Chrijlo-
pher to JVeamba , ten Leagues to the Weatherward
of this Place ; and in cafe either of the latter
fhould have Sight of more Sails than they thought
good to meddle with, fhe was to join the other, 1
and both repair to the Minion. This Ship re¬
mained at Egrand till the lall Day of y. Ipril ; in
which Time many of the Men fell fick, and fix
of them died. Here they could have no Traffic
with the Negros, but three or four Days in the
Week ; for the reft of the Time they would not
come near them. The third of May , the Pin¬
nace not being fent with Cloth from the other
Ships, as was promifed, they fold French Cloth;
and gave but three Yards to every SufF. <
The fifth, the Negros went away, promifing
to return within four Days: Wherefore they de¬
termined to ftay fo long, although divers of their
Men were fick. The eighth, all their Cloth being
fold, and the Company called together, to know
whether they would ftay to fell the Cloth taken
in the Prize? They anfwered in the Negative ;
becaufe fome of the Men were dead, and twenty
more fick. Wherefore it was refolved to repair
to the other Ships, of whom they had heard no- 1
thing fince the twenty-feventh o i April, (although
they had the Pinnace with them, only to carry
News from one to another) and then go all to¬
gether to try what was to be done at the Town
of Don John.
The tenth, in the Morning, they fet Sail;
and the eleventh, the Captain of the Chrijlopher
came and told them, that there was but little
Bufinefs at the Places where they had been.
The twelfth, Mr. Towrfon went with William
Crompton in the ftnall Pinnace, to the Tiger and
Cbrijlopher at Perenine ; and next Day difpatched
the Tiger to Egrand , becaufe they found nothing
to do at Perenine , w'orth the tarrying for.
The fourteenth, the great Pinnace being come
to them, they fent her back with Cloth to We-
arnba , where fhe had been before, and taken ten
Pound of Gold. The fifteenth, the Minion came
to them; and next Day going afhore with the
Boats, they took but one Ounce of Gold.
The nineteenth, they came to Anchor before
Mowre , and ftaid there two Days ; but took not
an Ounce of Gold.
t The twenty-firft, they came to Don John’s
Town; and next went to Shore with their Boats;
but the Negros would not come at them. Then
Perenine.
Mowre.
jl Don John’
\\TewK.
taking a Skiff with eight Men, went and talked Towrfon.
to the Negros ; who Laid, they would fend a Man ”V— — ■*
to the great Town to give Don John Notice of
their coming.
The twenty-third, going on Shore again, the
Negros told them, that Don Johns Merchants
would come down that Day : So they ftaid there
till Night ; but nobody would come near them :
On the contrary, divers of the Natives made
them Signs to depart.
Th e twenty-fourth, the Captain of the Chrif-
topher going in his Boat to Mowre , certain Negros
came to know the Price of his Wares ; but an
Almade, which came (as he judged) from the
Caftle, obliged them to retire. After this, land¬
ing with fome of his Men, the Negros threw
Stones, and would not fuller them to go to their
Town. Hereupon, they took certain of the Al-
mades, and putting to Sea, departed.
The fame Morning, Mr. Towrfon went afhofe Rrfufis t *
at Don Johns Town, with a white Flag ; but 'ra^e'
none of the Negros coming to him, it was judg¬
ed, the Portuguese were there. A fter this, the Boat
arrived well manned, and he fent one up to the
Town, with a wdrite Flag in his Hand : But as
foon as he got thither, all the Negros went away,
nor would fo much as fpeak to him. Then he
difpatched another into the Woods after them,
but they would not come to. When his Men
faw that, they took twelve Goats, and fourteen
Hens, which they found in the Town, without
doing any farther Hurt. Being returned aboard,
he found the Pinnace come from Cormatin , where
fhe had taken two Pound five Ounces of Gold.
And after, having much to do with the froward
Mariners, the Minion went towards that Place,
and the Chrifopher to Mowre ; the Mailer of
which, next Dav, fending his Boat to the Shore
for Balaft, the Negroes would have forced the
Company on board again : Thefe refilling, flew,
and hurt feverul ; and having put them to Flight, Mown?
burned their Town, and broke all their Boats, burned.
SECT. III.
Kor matin. Provifions growing fcarce, they dif mi fs
the French. Hanta. Their Trade obflrudled.
They burn Shamma. Return homewards. Are
driven to San T ome, or St. Thomas. That If and
deferibed. Cape Verde. Ife of Salt, or Sal.
The Tiger leaky, is fet adrift. Azores. The
Chriftopher in weak Condition , feparates. The
Minion’r Difrejs in a Storm. She gets home fafe.
H E twenty-fixth, the Pinnace came to the Kormatin#
Minion from Cormatin a, having taken two
Pound eleven Ounces of Gold : And John Shirife
a Or Connenthi, where there is a Dutch Fort.
to!
Voyages of the English to Guinea.
174
I c.ryj. told Mr. Towrjon , that the Negros were very de-
Towrfon. firous for a Ship to return to their Town. Where-
v— J 'upon, next Day, he went thither: And the
twenty-eighth, the Chrijlopher came to him from
Jtfowrcy and trafficked there two Days.
The fecond of June, the ‘ Tiger joined them
from E grand, and the Pinnace from Wtamba ;
having taken between them, about fifty Pound of
Gold at thofe Places.
The fourth, they departed from Cormatin , to
ply up to Shamma ; not being able to flay any
longer on the Coaft, for Want of Provifion, and
cfpecially Drink.
Five Portu- The feventh, they defcried five of the King
gueze Skips. of Portugal' s Ships, which came to anchor at the
Caftle. And next Day, George and Binny a came
to them, and brought about two Pound of Gold.
The tenth, in the Morning, Mr. Towrjon
went with the Captain of the Chrijlopher in the
fmall Pinnace, well manned, to view the Pcrtu-
gue se Veflels ; which confifted of one Ship, of
about three hundred Tons, and four Caravels.
On their Return, they found their own feven
Leagues off at Sea. Next Morning, they were
up with the Tiger , towards Shamma , which they
might have reached ; but that having brought
themfelves in the Weather of the Portuguese Ships,
they caft Anchor, to wait for the Minion and
Pinnace, which (laid behind. At Night, they
both came up: But not being able to fetch fo far
to the Weatherward, anchored about a League
(hart of the Caftle ; and Mr. Towrjon in the
Chrijlopher went room with her.
Vi shi ah The twelfth, the Tiger joined the Chrijlopher ,
i'ow Jcar.t . and both being in great Need of Victuals, would
have gone with the Portuguese Ships to have fetch¬
ed them forth : But the Mafter and Company of
the Minion , would not confent to go, for Fear
of hanging, when they got home: And indeed,
the other two Ships, fearing to be accufed by fome
of their own Company, at length defifted. After
this, by Reafon the Pinnace was in Want of Vic¬
tuals, which none but the Minion could fupply
them with, they took out her Men ; and putting
twelve Frenchmen in her, gave them Victuals to
carry them to Shamma.
The nineteenth, the Tiger and Minion , ar¬
rived at Shamma , leaving the Chrijlopher two
Leagues behind, by Reafon of the Wind; which
had heen fo fcant, that in fifteen Days they had
plied to Windward but twelve Leagues, which
before they had done in one Day and Night.
Next Day, Mr. Towrjon took the Pinnace, and
went to Shamma , to fpeak with the Captain ; who
told him, that there, was no Gold there to be
had, nor fo much as a Hen to be bought, on Ac-
a count of the Agreement he had made with the 15^7,
Portuguese. Towrfon.
The twenty-firft, he put fuch Things as they v— <
had, into the fmall Pinnace, and fent her to
Hanta with two Merchants, to try if (he could Hanta.
do any Thing there. That Night they could do
nothing ; but were promifed Gold the next Day:
Yet being fent accordingly, neither the Captain Trade oL
nor the Negros, durft traffic with them ; but on-ftruffed'
1 y deluded them with fair Words. This Day,
b they put away the Pinnace b, with twenty-five
Frenchmen in her, and gave them fuch Victuals as
they could fpare ; obliging fifteen of them to pay
fix Crowns a Man, Ranfom.
The twenty-third, thofe in the Pinnace re¬
turning from Hanta , told them, that the Negros
had dealt very ill with them, and would not
traffic to any Purpofe.
The twenty-fourth, Mr. Towrjon manning They bum
his Boat and Pinnace well, went to Shamma j Shamma,
c and becaufe its Captain was become fubjedl to
the Portuguese , they burned the Town : And
among the trifling Spoil, the Men found the
Cheft of a Portuguese , in which were fome of
his Cloaths, and his Weights, with a Letter from
the Caftle; from whence they concluded, that he
had been there a long Time.
The twenty-fifth, about three in the After- Return
noon, they flood out to Sea, for their Return to hmnuerds*
England. The thirtieth, they fell with the Shore
d again, eighteen Leagues (as they computed) to
the Windward of Shamma : But when they came
to make the Land, they found themfelves eighteen
Leagues to the Leeward of the Place ; which
was owing to the Current, that fets violently
to the Eaftward. When they perceived them-
fclves fo deceived, they tacked about again, and
lay as near the Wind as they could, to reach the
Line.
The feventh of July, they had Sight of the Dr;w» to
e Ifle of St. Thome, and thought to have fought the San Tome.
Road, to anchor there : But next Morning, the
Wind coming about, they kept their Courfe.
The ninth, the Wind varying, they tacked about
again, and fell with the fame Ifland : But in look¬
ing for the Road, were becalmed, and driven by
the Current near the Shore ; yet could have no
Ground to anchor: So that the Minion was forced
to hoift out her Pinnace, and the other Ships their
Skiffs, to tow from the Ifland, which did little
f good : But in the End, the Wind put them three
Leagues off it.
The tenth, the Chrijlopher and the Tiger
tacking about, thofe in the Minion judged they
were going in Queft of Ships in the Road ; and
were not willing to go after them, for Fear of
•» Two of the Negros who had been in England . b This feems to have been the large Pinnace of the
Minion.
running
*557-
Tawrfon.
L'Sr'O
Voyages of the English to Guinea.
a found there were not above thirty found, in the
fThe Ipnd
mejcribed .
Cafe Verde
me Ilk of
Sal.
Ih Tiger
leaky.
running in with the Land again, and putting a
themfelves in the fame Danger they were in the
Night before : But they fhot off a Piece, and put
out two Lights, which were anfwered with Lights
again. Whereupon they kept their Courfe, think¬
ing the others had followed them : But not fee¬
ing them in the Morning, they perceived they
had dropped them by Defign, and refolVed to go
after them no longer. However on the eleventh,
they altered their Minds ; and tacking about
again for the Ifland, to feek the Ships, about b
four in the Afternoon met with them.
The thirteenth, they fell again with the Ifland
of St. Thome ; and the fame Night they found
themfelves diredlly under the Line.
This Ifland is very high; and being on the
Weft Side of it, there appears a very high Pike,
which is very fmall, and ftreight, like the Steeple
of a Church, lying dircflly under the Line ; and
about a Mile Weft from the fame South End of the
Ifland, there lieth a fmall Ifland.
The third of Augujl , departing from the c
Ifland of St. Thome , they met the Wind at South-
Weft.
The twelfth, they were in the Height of
Cape Verde.
The twenty-fecond, they fell with one of
the Ifles of Cape Verde , called [SWor] Salt: And
being informed by a Scotchman , they took among
the French, that frefh Victuals were to be had
there, they came to Anchor.
The twenty-third, in the Morning, the Skiff d
being fent afhore, found no Houfes, or any Men
but four, who kept at a Diftance. As for Cattle
they faw none, except Goats, which were very
numerous; but fo wild, that they could not
catch above three or four. To make Amends,
they had good Store of Fifh : And on a fmall
Ifle near the fame, they met with Plenty of Sea
Birds.
At Night, the Chrijlopher broke her Cable, e
and loft an Anchor ; fo that being able to flay no
longer, they all fet Sail. On the fame Ifland
they loft the Scot , they could not tell how; un-
lefs the People of the Ifland found him fleeping,
and fo carried him away. At Night, Mr. Tovur-
Jcn went himfelf to feek him, but could hear no¬
thing of him.
The twenty-fourth, *he Mafter of the Tiger
came, to acquaint thofe on board the Minion ,
I
75
1 557-
Towrfcn.
Niclvj-
three Ships.
The twenty-fifth, they had Sight of the Ifle'^
of St. Nicholas-, and the Day following, of St. ^
Lucia , St. Vincent , and St. Anthony : Which four,
bear, in Refpedt of each other, North-Weft by
Weft, Soutn-Eaft by Eaft.
The twenty-fixth, they came again with theSt> Amha_
Ifland of St. Anthony , and could not double theny.
Cape. This Day, Philip Jones , Mafter of the
Chrijlopher , came aboard the Minion , and told
them, that thofe of the Tiger were not able to
keep her, fhe was fo leaky, and the Mafter fo very
weak. Farther, that he had agreed with the Mafter
and Company, that in cafe they could double
the Ifland next Day, they fhould run to the Lee¬
ward of it, and there unload her : But if they
could not double it, then to put in betwixt that
and St. Vincent , with the fame View.
The third of September , Mr. Towrfon went.jy.,^^,.
aboard the Tiger , with the Mafter and Merchants ,fetadnf\
and found the Ship very leaky, and only fix la¬
bouring Men in her ; whereof one was the Maf¬
ter Gunner : Whereupon, they agreed to take in
the Men, and what of the Goods they could fave,
and fet the Ship adrift. Next Day they went
about it ; and having taken out the Artillery,
Goods, Victuals, and Gold, on the eighth, they
gave her up in the Latitude of twenty-five De¬
grees.
The twenty-feventh, they had Sight of two^ 4ZOreSi
of the Ifles of the Azores , St. Mary , and St. Mi¬
chael: And the fourth of Oflober, found themfelves
in forty-one Degrees and a half from the Line.
The fixth, the Chrijlopher came to defire
thofe of the Minion , to put in with the Cape
\_FiniJlerre\ her Men being fo weak, that they were
not able to keep the Sea : As they were weak
alfo, they agreed to go for Vigo , a Place frequent¬
ed by the Englijhmen.
The tenth, the Chrijlopher went towards the^chrigio.
Cape : But the Minion , having a brifkWind forpher fef.i-
England , and fearing the Danger of Enemies, rates'
w7ho ordinarily ply thereabout, held on her Courfe.
Befides, they did not know how Matters flood
between England and Spain : And although they
were at Peace, yet there was little Friendfhip to
be expected at their Hands. Confidering the Voy¬
age they had made, there was Reafon alfo to ap¬
prehend, that the King of Portugal , knowing
that his Men w'ere fo weak, and the Ship fo leaky, f where they had been, might contrive fome Way
with the Council of Spain to trouble them. They
farther reflected, that in cafe they put into any
Harbour, they fhould not be able to come out
again, till they had gotten more Men from Eng¬
land; which would be attended with great Charge,
as well as Lofs of Time, befides many other In-
conveniencies. All thefe Things confillered, they
agreed
that he was not able to keep her longer above
Water ; and therefore requefted them to go back
again to the Ifland, in order to take out the
Goods, and give her up. They intreated him to
perfevere a while, and put a French Carpenter in¬
to her, to fee if he could find the Leak. This
Day they took a View of all their Men, and
5
176
i z6 1.
Lok.
Minion's
bad Plight,
Diflrcjl ir, a
Storm,
Gets heme
/#•
Prepara¬
tions.
Voyages of the E n g l i s h to G u 1 n e
agreed to fboot ofF two Pieces of Ordnance, to
warn tire Chriftcpher , and then held on their
Courfe tor England. She hearing their Guns, fol¬
lowed them, and they carried a Light for her; but
they could not fee her all next Day, the Morning
of which proved mifty : Whence they concluded,
either that fhe had gone for Spain ; or elfe, that
having crouded more Sails then they in the Night,
was (hot a- head of them.
When the Chrijlopher left them, they were
within one hundred and twenty Leagues of Eng¬
land^ and forty-five Leagues North -Weft by Weft
from Cape Finijler : At the fame Time they had
not, in their Ship, above fix Mariners, and as
many Merchants, in Health ; which was but a
flender Company to feek a foreign Harbour with
fuch a Veflel.
The fixteenth, about fix at Night, a great
Storm arofe at Weft South- Weft, and their Men
being weak, and notable to handle the Sails, they
loft their Main-fail, Fore-fail, and Sprit-fail :
So that they were forced to lie at Hull till the
eighteenth ; when, finding themfelves far fhot
into the Sleeve2, they fattened an old Fore -fail
(they had trimmed up) to the Yard, and bore
with their own Coaft : But that Fore-fail conti¬
nued not above two Hours, before it was blown
from the Yard with a Freat ; and thus they were
forced to lie at Hull again till next Morning, and
then put an old Bonnet to their Fore-yard, which
brought them to the JJle of IVbite , where they
arrived the twentieth of Oftober, Afternoon.
a
b
The Commodities and Wares, that are moft
defired in Guinea , betwixt Sierra Leona , and the
fartheft Place of the Mina.
M a nils of Brafs, and fome of Lead.
Basons of divers Sorts, but the moft of Latten.
Pots of coarfe Tin, of a Quart or more.
Some Wedges of Iron, Margarets, and cer¬
tain other flight Beads.
Som e blue Coral. Some Horfe-tails.
LiNiN principally.
Basons of Flanders.
Some red Cloth, of low Price, and fome
Kerfy.
Kettles of Dutch-land [ Holland ] with
brazen Handles.
Some great Brafs Bafons, graved ; fuch as, in
Flanders , they fet upon their Cup-Boards.
Some great Bafons of Pewter, and Ewers,
1561.
Lok,
Guinea.
graven.
Some Lavers, fuch as be for Water,
c Great Knives of a low Price.
Slight Flanders Cafkets.
Chests of Roan , of a low Price j or any e=
ther Chefts.
Great Pins.
Coarse French Coverings.
Packing -fheets good Store.
Swords, Daggers, Frieze-Mantles, and Gowns,
Cloaks, Hats, red Caps, Spanijh Blankets, Hair-
Heads, Hammers, fhort Pieces of Iron, flight
d Bells, Gloves of a low Price, Leather Bags; and
what other Trifles you will.
C H A
Voyages to Guinea in 1561
SECT. I.
A Voyage to Guinea in 1561, undertaken by Mr.
John Lok, but afterwards declined by him ; with
his Reafons for the fame.
H E firft of thefe five Voyages, intended by
the Merchant Adventurers for Guinea, was
not performed. It was undertaken by Sir l Villi am
Gerard , Knight, Me IT. William Winter , Benja¬
min G on fan , Antony Hickman , and Edward Cajle-
lin. Only one Ship, the Minion , was to have
gone ; which feems to have been fent to aftift and
bring home the Primrofe , which was then a-
broad. The Command of her was given to Mr.
'John Lok, (the fame, it is prefumed, who made
the Voyage of 1554, already inferteu) by the a-
a That is, the Channel, called by the French f
P. VII.
and 1562, 1564 and 1566.
bove-mentioned Adventurers, who delivered him
certain Articles or Inftrudlions, for that Purpofe,
the eight of September , 1561 : But Wls.Lok after¬
wards declining to go the Voyage, wrote a Letter
from Briftol , dated the eleventh of December fol¬
lowing, to the Company of Merchant Adventurers
e for Guinea, (hewing Reafons for the fame.
Both the Articles and Letter are inferted \ninfiru8!m
Hakluyt’s Colledfion b. In the Articles, Mr. Lok’s to obferve
firft Inftruction is, as he paftes along the Coaft of :htLatu:it!t
Guinea , to come to the Knowledge of the Rivers,
Havens, and Harbours ; and to make a Plat (or
Chart) inferting thofe Places, which hefha.il think
moft material, according to their true Elevations
(or Latitudes.) Their next Inftruction js, to learn
what Commodities belong to the Places he touch¬
ed at, and what would be proper to carry thither.
Manche. b Vol. 2. Part 2. p. 52, 53.
Their
*5
Lok:.
Voyages of the
(Jj Their third Inftruiftion is, to look out, on
E N 6 l I 6 tl to G U I M E A,
the
Coaft of Mina , in the King of Habaan' s3 Coun-
_ ^ for a fit Place for building a Fort > with Re-
Ahwtraifwg gard to which, they point out feven Things to
be confidered by him. i. That the Ground,
pitched upon, may lie near the Sea, fo as Ships
or Boats may lade and unlade. 2. What Mould
or Earth the Ground is of. 3. What Timber
or Wood may be had, and how\it may be car¬
ried. 4. What Provifion may be had in the
Country, and what Sort of Englijh Victuals will
keep belt in thofe Parts. 5. The Place muft be
fuch, as is naturally ftrong, or may be made fo
at fmall Expence, and afterwards kept by a few
Men. 6. Plow Water may be procured, in cafe
there be none in, or near to, the Ground be¬
longing to the Fort. 7. What Help is to be had
from the People of the Country, either for the
Building, or Defence of it.
And found - After this, he is diredted to found the King of
iogikt King. Habaan at a Diftance, to fee how he fhould re-
lifh the Building of a Fort : Yet, in fuch a Man¬
ner, that the King fhould not fufpedl his Defign.
Alfo to fearch, both the Coafts and inland Parts
of the Country, fo far as he fhould be able ; and,
to learn what became of the Merchants who were
left at Benin b. They leave to himfelf what re¬
lates to fetting down the mod remarkable Occur¬
rences ; and defire him, as Occafion may offer,
to aid and aflift their Fadtors with his Advice,
and otherwife.
Lok declines Some Time after this, as it fhould feem from
\tbeFoy*ge, Mr. Lck’s Letter, they fent down Mr. Pet and
Buttol Monjoy to Brijlol , to go the Voyage, and
put the Minion in Order ; concluding, that if,
in twenty Days, file could be repaired of the Da¬
mages, fuftained by the laft Storm, fhe fhould fet
out, or even in the Month of January , in cafe
the Wind ferved. Mr. Lok takes this Occafion
to give the Company to underftand, that he was
determined not to go the Voyage at that T ime,
His ittajm f°r the following Reafons : Firjl, P or that the Ship
[or it, was in fo bad a Condition, that all Mr. Pet’s Art
would not be able to make her fo ftanch, that
the Men might lie dry in any of the Cabins :
P'or though, before the laft Damage, fhe had been
bound and caulked at Harwich , both within and
without, as much as could be ; yet, upon any
Strefs of Weather, fhe opened, and was as bad
as ever. He farther fays, that it is his Opi¬
nion, that the Ship, whofe Water -Works and Foot¬
ings are fpent and rotten, cannot but leak, His
next Reafon is, the unfeafonable 1 ime of the
Year for fetting out : For the Inconveniences at¬
tending which, he brings the fecond Voyage c to
177
1562.
Rutter.
Guinea as an Inftance ; and the laftd, and other
Voyages, to prove the Danger of returning at
an unfeafonable Time, to the impairing the
Strength of many, which has brought great Ca¬
lamities on the reft, and Scandal on the Voyage.
P'or thefe Reafons, he fays, he could not, in Farther Ob
Confcience, go the Voyage. He adds, that as jeShas.
the Ship Was alone, and had fo little Help of Boat
or Pinnace, either in her Trade or Watering,
wherein, of Neceflity, much Time muft be fpent ,
therefore, he could not poftibly anfwer their Ex¬
pedition this Time in going, becaufe he fhould
want both Veffel and Men for the Service : And
as for himfelf, he fhould not care, after being
at great Charges and Trouble, to lofe both Pot
and Water, as the Proverb is, only for not fuc-
ceeding according to their Wifhes. With Re¬
gard to the Primrofe , he fays, in cafe fhe was in
Guinea , her Trading would be nnifhed before he
could get thither, and confequently muft be forced
to return for Want of Provifion ; and that,
though he fhould carry her a Supply, yet the
meeting with her would be very uncertain : And
that, in cafe he fhould meet her, the Men would
not ftay any longer there, as there was no Rea¬
fon they fhould. However, he tells them his
Opinion, that fhe was in Ireland -} [for] the Flower
de Luce e was at Milford.
Mr. Lok farther acquaints the Proprietors, that Portuguezs
he underftood, by a Ship arrived from LiJbony °pMu,on>
that there were four great Ships, in Readinefs, on¬
ly to intercept him, one of them accounted 700
Tons, and other Pinnaces. Yet, he protefts, it
was neither for Fear of them, (though he fhould
be fure to meet them alone, and without Aid)
nor of the ftormy Seas, that he had determined
not to proceed ; but purely for the Reafons a-
bove alledged : Declaring, that if they would try
him at a feafonable Time of the Year, he would
readily undertake the Voyage, although the Ship
was not half fo big as the Minion \ or it he had
Subftance enough of his own, would venture it
all himfelf. He concludes, by defiring them, if
they intend to proceed, to fend one to him, pro-
mi fing to deliver the Articles he received, and
communicate certain Remarks he had made re-*
iating thereto, with his heft Advice.
f
SECT. II.
A Voyage to Guinea in 1562. Written by William
Rutter.
THERE are two Accounts of this Voyage, one Literary Ac*
in Erglijl) Metre, written by Robert Baker , count 4
one of the Factors in the Minion ■, the other in
a In Tomcrfons Voyage called King Ebaane , and Abaan. b This was by Jf itidhani, in 1 553* $cc P- 1 43 c>
c This is the Voyage he performed himfelf, inferted before. See p. 144. d This probably is Towr/on's lalt
Voyage. e This Shipfeems to have made the Voyage with the Primrofe .
Vol. I, N’8. A a Profe,
178 Voyages of the
1562. Profe, contained in a Letter Uom William Rutter, i
Rutter, dated the fixth of Augujl , 1563, to Antony Hick -
— v—*-' man, whofe Servant or Factor he was. The firft
is inferted in the firft Edition of Flackluyt’s Col¬
lection % but omitted in the fecond, in Place of
which, that of Rutter is put b. As Baker's Piece
is not fo properly an Account of the Voyage, as
a poetical Defcription of the Winds and Seas, and
two or three of the moft remarkable Accidents,
or Adventures, w'hich feemed moft proper for ex-
ercifing his Vein : For this Reafon, we (hall give
the Voyage from Rutter’s Relation ; only adding
one or two Particulars from the other. T he Ca¬
lamities, which attended the Men in this Voyage,
fully juftify Mr. Lok’s Reafons for declining that
the Year before ; and it is probable, the Under¬
takers themfelves laid it afide : But whether in¬
duced by his Reafons, or compelled by the Dis¬
appointment, we are not able to determine.
Undertakers The Undertakers of this Voyage were, Sir
and Ships. William G err aid. Sir William Cbejler , Me ft. ‘Tho¬
mas Ledge , Antony Hickman, and Edward Cajlelin.
Their Names are found in the Titles of both
Rutter’s and Baker’s Account. The Ships were,
the Minion and Primrofe , which are mentioned
in that of Baker’s as well as Rutter’s Letter,
which is dated from on board the Primrofe ; but
neither takes notice of the Commanders.
The Ships left Dartmouth the twenty-fifth of
February, 1562. On the twentieth of March,
they arrived at Cavo Verde ; where they made no
Stay, but failed along the Coaft to their firft ap-
Arriw at pointed Port, Rio de Seflos, which they reached the
R»o Seflos, tj1jrcj A pril , in the Morning. Here they found a
Frenchman, who, as foon as fhe perceived them,
fet fail, and made to the Sea ; mean while, they
came to an Anchor in the Road : And after fhe
had difeovered, by their Flag, that they were
Englifhmen, fhe bare with the Shore, and hailed
their Ship, with her Ordnance. At this Time
Rutter, and the other Merchants of both Ships,
were in the River trafficing ; and having under-
Meet a flood, by the Negros, that fhe had been there
French Ship. three Days before them, they refolved, in cafe
flie fent her Pinnace to trade, not to fuffer ft,
till they had fettled Matters with their Captain
and Merchants. In the Afternoon, the Pinnace
coming into the River, they fpoke to the Men not
to proceed, till they had talked with their Cap¬
tain ; defiring, that he might come in the Even¬
ing aboard the Admiral : Which was done.
English to Guinea,
At the Time appointed, M. Burton and John 1562.
Munt went aboard the Minion c, where the Rutter.
Frenchmen were, and there concluded, that they'— '‘V—
fhould lie-by eight Days, and let tht Englifh traf¬
fic by themfelves ; wherewith they were not well
pleafed.
Hereupon, next Morning, the French Ship
left them, failing along the Coaft Eaftward, to¬
wards Rio dePotis: Wherefore, the Merchants
of both Ships, in Confideration, that no Veflels
1 were upon the Coaft, concluded to fend the Prim¬
rofe before, that their Traffic might not be ob-
ftru&ed by the French. They went and overtook
them trading to the Weft of Pods ; where, paffingR;0 p0,
them, they arrived the twelfth of April. Theytis.
trafficed there till the fifteenth, and then departed
for the River of Sant Andre, where they came Rio Sant
the feventeenth. Here, by Agreement, they wereAndre«
to wait for the Minion : And the fame Day fhe
found them.
At Cavo das Palmas fhe met a great Ship and The Minioi
Caravel of the King of Portugal’s, bound to Mina, a!tacks •
which gave her Chafe, and fhot brifkly at her,
as fhe did at them ; but received no Hurt. Here¬
upon they haftened towards Cavo de Tres Puntas ,
with Defign, if they could, to put them [the
Ship and Caravel] from the Caftle. At the Cape,
they lay a-hull one Night, and two Days ; and
judging they had gone paft, the Minion went near
the Shore, and fent her Merchants to Anta. Next
1 Morning, very early, (being the twenty-fir ft. of
the Month) they again had Sight of the Ship,
and the Caravel a good Way to Sea-board. They
prefently fet fail, and bare with the foremoft of
them, hoping to have gotten between the Caftle
and them ; but came fhort of their Defign, which
was no fmall Grief to them. When the Enemy
was under the Protedlion of the Caftle, they fhot
fmartly at the Englijh, and they at them j but to
little Purpofe.
e In the Afternoon, they fet fail, and came tOEqui}W.£
the T own of Don Juan, called Equi , where, John’*
the twenty-fecond, in the Morning, they went a- 'roW7’*-
fhore to traffic, but the Negros would do nothing
till they heard from Don Luis ; for at that Time
Don Juan was dead. The twenty-third, Anto¬
nio, (the Son of Don Luis ) and Pacheco , arrived
with Intent to traffic with them : At the fame
Time, two Galleys came rowing from the Caftle,
to interrupt them. The twenty-fourth, the Eng-
f lijh fet fail, and chafed the Galleys to the Caftle
again. The Negros pleafed thereat, required them
» P, 130. b Vol. 2. Part 2. p. 54. where no Notice is taken of Baker's Account ; farther than at
the End of the Title to Rutter s Relation, it is mentioned, that the Voyage was 'written alfo in Verfe by Ro¬
bert Baker. It is much, that Mr. Hakluyt fhould wholly fupprefs thefe Relations in the fecond Edition of his
Collettion, and not give, at leaft, an Abftradt of them, as we have done : Since it would be a Pity, fuch re¬
markable Adventures of our Countrymen, fhould be buried in Oblivion. c From hence it appears, that
Rutter went in the Primrofe .
to
1562.
Rutter.
L/W
£ngli(b at¬
tacked
Voyages c/' ^ English to Guinea.
to go to Mcwre, fome three Leagues behind, a
Fight near
Kormantin
j The Minion
I hurt.
I Rio de Bar
bo$.
Mortality
and Sicktiefr
promifing to come thither ; for that they flood in
Fear of the Portugueze. There they waited for
the Merchants out of the Country, who were
come with their Gold ; but Don Luis’s Son, and
Pacheco , were aboard the Minion.
The twenty- fifth, in the Morning, came the
two Galleys from the Caftle again : The Weather
being very calm, they fhot at, and hit th ePrim-
rofe three Times. And fhortly after, the Wind
blowing from the Shore, fhe defcried the Ship and b
Caravel coming towards her. Then fhe fet Sail,
and bare as near unto them as fhe could : But it
being dark before fhe came up with them, fhe
loft them in the Night. The twenty-feventh, the
Englijh plied to the Shore, and at Night agreed
to go to Cormantin: But next Morning, they
found themfelves near the great Ship, and the
two Galleys, having no Wind at all, and the
Caravel clofe to the Shore. Prefently, the two
Galleys came rowing to the Stern of the Minion , c
and fought with her moft Part of the Forenoon.
During the Fight, a Barrel of Powder happening
to take Fire in the Steward’s Room, hurt the
Mafter-Gunner, the Steward, and moft of the
Gunners: Which the Galleys perceiving, they
began to be more fierce upon her; and with a
Shot cut her Fore-maft in two, that, without
prefent Remedy, fhe was not able to bear Sail.
Immediately upon this, the great Ship fent her
Boat to the Galleys, which fuddenly departed, d
As foon as they were gone, thofe of the Primrofe
went aboard the Minion , to confult what was beft
to be done. They found her Company grievouf-
ly dejected : Wherefore perceiving, that the Ne¬
gros neither would nor durft traffic fo long as
the Galleys were upon the Coaft, it was agreed,
forthwith, to depart for Rio de Sejlos.
The fourteenth of May , in the Morning,
they fell again with the Land; and fending their
Boats to fee what Place it was, found it to be Rio e
de Barbos , to the Eaft of Sant Andre , and there
flayed, to take in Water, till the twenty-firft.
The Day before, the Primrofe loft five of her
Men, by the black Pinnace overfetting. The
twenty-fecond, the Ships departed for Rio de Sejlos,
where they put in the fecond of June: And the
fourth, leaving that River to return home, ar¬
rived, the fixth of Augujl , within Sight of the
Stert [or Start ] in the Weft Part of England , the
Men being very lick and weak. Befides twenty- f
•one, who died, many were forely hurt : In fhort,
there were not above twenty Men that were found
and able to labour. Mr. Burton , who had been
lick for fix Weeks, was then fo weak, that his
Life was defpaired of. There were brought home,
this Voyage, 166 Elephants Teeth, weighing 1758
Pound ; and twoButtsof G rains [01 Guinea Pepper.]
179
1562.
Baker.
SEC T. III.
A Supplement to the foregoing Voyage , extnaSled from
Robert Baker’ r Account thereof in Verfe.
THIS Account, in Verfe, was written by w/,%
Mr. Bakery in Prifon in France , after his
Return from his fecond Voyage, at the Importu¬
nity of Mr. George Gage , Son of Sir Edward
Gage , his Fellow-Traveller and Prifoner. Of this
Voyage, he relates nothing but aConfli£t, which
happened with the Negros at a certain River,
whofe Name is not mentioned. Nor does Rutter s
Relation give any Light into the Matter : But
from the Circumftance of the Ship’s fetting for¬
ward on their Return to England , immediate¬
ly after this Adventure, it muft have happened
at the River Sejlos ; which was the laft Place they
touched at, and where they flayed but three Days,
correfpondent to this Narrative.
The Paffage is this : One Day, the Ship beings a
at Anchor, on the Coaft of Guinea , he ordered River.
out the fmall Pinnace, with nine Men, well
armed, to go on Shore to traffic. At length, en-
tring a River, he faw a great Number of Ne¬
gros, whofe Captain came to him, fitting in a
Trough , a Boat made of a Log, (as he expreffes it)
fuch as we feed Hogs in. Stopping at fome
Diftance, he put Water to his Cheek , not caring
to truft himfelf nearer, unlefs Baker did the like.
The Englijh having anfwered his Sign, and fhewed
him fome tempting Merchandize, the wild Man Trade with
ventured forward ; and being come aboard, made^<? Negros.
Signs, that fome of thofe Things (hould be given
him, and he would ftand their Friend. He was
gratified, and many Things given to others.
Mr. Baker having trafficed with his People, at
Night carried the Captain to the Ship, where he
made much of, and cloathed him : In Return he,
by Signs, promifed to fraight them in a Day or
two. While they converfed in this Manner,
Baker obferved, that he took great Notice of the
Boat, which was tied at the Ship’s Stern, loaded
with Goods : But never fufpe&ing he had any ill
Defign in his Head, took no Care about it.
Next Morning, they carried him afliore, and rbeyjleal
bartered again. At their Return on Board, th etheir Goods.
Boat was faftened to the Stern, and the Merchan¬
dizes left in her, as ufual : But in the Night, the
fly Captain, coming with two or three of his
Troughs, was perceived, by the Watch, to be
very bufy about the Boat. The Alarm being
given, the Negros fled ; but when the Boat
was hauled up, they found all the Goods carried
off. The Englijh , vexed to be fo tricked, went
next Morning up the River again to the Town,
in order to recover their Goods : But all their
Signs were to no Purpofe, the Negros would not
A a 2 underftand
j8o
1562.
Baker.
Attack tbe
Pinnace .
Their Cap¬
tain fiain.
Mafier's
Mate killed,
And fix
wounded.
Voyages of the E n
underhand them ; or, at leall, acknowledge the ;
'1 heft. On the contrary, as If they had been
wronged by the Charge, and were refolved to re¬
venge the Affront, to fome Purpofe they follow¬
ed them down the River with above 100 Boats,
while as many more appeared before, ready to in¬
tercept them. In each Boat were two Men, arm¬
ed with Targets and Darts; moft of which had
long Strings to draw them back again, after they
were thrown.
The Englijh being preffed, difcharged their 1
Harquebuffes upon them ; and while the Negros
were in theWater,(into which they leaped to avoid
the Shot) rowed with all their Might to get to
Sea. But the Natives getting nimbly into their
Boats again, purfued and overtook them : Then
drawing near, poured in their Darts, taking
exadl Aim every Time they threw. Thofe in
the Pinnace kept them off with their Pikes ; and
many of them being killed by the Arrows, and
Hail-fhot from the Harquebuffes, they retreated : c
But their Arrows being fpent, the Negros came
on again. Their Captain, who was very tall and
large, under Cover of his Target, advanced in
his Boat, with a poifoned Arrow in his Hand, to
the Pinnace- fide, in order to board her. As he
preffed forward, the Mailer’s Mate thruft a Pike
at him, which paffed through both his Target
and Throat at once, and difpatched him : But
while the Mate llrove to difengage his Pike,
which ftuck fall in the Shield, he was wounded
with a Dart. Yet nothing difmayed, he drew it
out of his Flefh, and with it kills the Negro who
threw it.
The Enemy continues the Fight clofer than
ever, and do great Mifchief with their Darts,
which made very wide and grievous Wounds.
The Gunner received two defperate ones, the
Blood gulhing out in Streams : And the brave
Mailer’s Mate, who all along had flood his Poll
firmly, being ftruck through the Ribs, was mortally
wounded. He plucked out the Dart, but with it
his Guts came forth, and fuch a Quantity of
Blood, that he funk down and expired. The
Negros perceiving this, fhouted for Joy, and
preffed to enter in his Place; imagining, that
fince fo many of them were wounded, the reft
would yield : But four of thofe in the Pinnace
Hill kept them- off with their Pikes, while the
other four, at the Oars, made the bell of their
W ay from Land.
At length they got out to Sea, and by this
Time the Negros, having fpent all their Darts,
retired. This was happy for them, for fix of the
eight were defperately wounded, fo that two of
the Rowers were forced to give over ; which-
made their Paffage to the Ship very flow. When
gush to Guinea.
l they got thither, they were all fo fainf, that now 1563.
they were cool, none of them was able to Hand. Baker.
Their W ounds being drelfed, they refrefhed them-
felves; but Mr. Baker , having more Occafion
for Reft than Food, went to Bed ; and, in the
Morning, when he awoke, found the Ship under
Sail for England.
SECT. IV.
, The fecond Voyage to Guinea, and the River Seftos,
by Mr. Baker, in 1563.
THIS Relation, like the former, con fills of -77* Fleer
no more than a poetical Defcription 0Mt-
two Adventures that happened in the Voyage ;
one of which proved extremely calamitous to
thofe concerned in it, among whom was the Au¬
thor. The Undertakers were. Sir William G er¬
rand, Sir William Chejler , Sir Thomas Lodge , and'
Me If. Benjamin G oft on3-, William Winter , Lionel
Ducket , Antony Hickman , and Edward Cajlelin.
The Ships were two, the John Baptijl , Laurence
Rondel , Mailer; and the. Merlin, Robert Revel,
Mailer. The Factors were, Robert Baker, (the
Author) Jujlinian Goodwine , James Gleidel, and
George Gage ; who fet out on their Voyage in No¬
vember, the Year above-mentioned. Thefe Cir-
cumllances we learn from the Title, or Pream¬
ble, to the Poem.
Mr. Baker, after the unlucky Difaller that be-
• fel him in Guinea the Year before, had made a
Sort of Vow never to go near that Country any
more: But being returned to England, and re¬
covered of his Hurts, he foon forgot the Sorrows
that were pall ; and being invited to undertake
the Voyage the next Year, in Quality of a Fac¬
tor, confented. After they had been at Sea tv/<*Mettwt
Days and a Night, the Man from the Main- top French
defcried a Sail or two. They prefently make up‘s,{’,/,,*
to the tallell of them, which they judged to be
the bell ; and M-r. Baker , as Captains b ufe to
do, hailed her, to know whence line was ; Ihe
anfwered, from France: Whereupon the Englijh
waved them; and Ihe, nothing difmayed, wavfd
them again. Mr. Baker immediately ordered
Men with Arms to the Main and Fore-tops: Ai-
fo Powder to be laid on the Poop, to blow up
the Enemy, if they fhould enter the Ship that-
Way. Then, at the Sound of Trumpet, they
began the Fight, difcharging both Chain and
Crofs-bar Shot, from their brazen Artillery ;
while the French, from the Main-yard, flourilh-
ing their Swords, called out to the Englijh to board
their Ship.
- The Englijh , on their Side, willing to accept^ tkm
of the Invitation, plied them hotly with their board.
Cannon, poured in their Arrows, and peppered
a °^icr Journals called Gonfon , b In thefe early trading Voyages, the chief Faftor feems to a 61 as Captain.
them
Voyages of the Eu
I them with their Harquebufles from the Loop- a
Eaken * holes; attempting, at the fame Time, to burn
their Sails with Arrows and Pikes carrying Wild¬
fire. Mr. Baker having, to encourage his Men,
made the fpiced Wine go brifkly round among
them, propofed boarding the Enemy : Which they
did with their Lime-pots, breaking their Nettings
with Stones; while the Men from above entered
the Enemy’s Tops, after killing thofe who de¬
fended them : Then cutting the Ropes, brought
down the Yard by the Board. Thofe who en- b
tered by the Side of the Ship, plaid their Parts fo
well with their Swords, that at length the Re¬
mainder of the Frenchmen fled beneath Deck,
and furrendered themfelves. Having thus taken
the Ship, they failed to the Groine , in Spain , and
there fold the Lading.
The Boat After this they proceeded on their Voyage
kith nine for Qu'inea ; Where being arrived, Mr. Baker ,
'Min> one Day about Noon, with eight more, went to
Shore in a Boat to traffic ; intending to difpatch c
his Bufinefs, that he might be back again before
Night : But juft when they had got near Land,
a furious Wind arofe, accompanied with Rain
and Thunder, which forced the Ships from their
Anchors, and drove them out to Sea. Mean
Time, thofe in the Boat, in order to provide for
their Safety, ran along the Coaft, feeking fome
Place to put into ; yet meeting with none, were
forced to lie aboard all Night, by the Shore, ex-
pofed to the Thunder, Rain and Wind, which d
Separated in continued without Intermiflion. Next Day the
t Storm. shipS turned back again, thinking the Boat flay¬
ed behind ; and the Boat rowed forward along
the Coaft, fuppofing the Ships were before them,
ftill looking out to Sea : But the Mift that
Morning, occafioned by the Jarring of the Ele¬
ments the Night before, was fo great, that they
could not fee each other. Thus they continued
beating the Sea two or three Days; after which
thofe in the Ships concluding the Boat caft away e
in the Storm, made the belt of their Way to¬
wards England.
Seek the Ships Mr. Baker and his Companions in Diftrefs,
rww* having been three Days without any Food, at
length landed ; and having exchanged fome Wares
for'Roots, and fuch other Provifions as they had,
put to Sea again, in Purfuit of the Ships : Which
they ftill fuppofed to be before them. Thus they
continued twelve Days ranging the Shore : Where
they faw nothing but thick Woods and Deferts, j
full of wild Beafts, which often appeared, and,
at Sun-fet, came in Herds to the Sea-fide, where
they lay down, or played, upon the Sand ; and
fometimes, to cool themfelves, flounced into the
Water. It would have been diverting at another
Time, to fee how archly the Elephant v/ould fill
a It is prefumed the Author means urn ip
5
g l i s h. Guinea. 18 i
his Trunk with Water, and then fpout it upon 1563.
the reft. Befides Deer, wild Boars and Ante- Baker,
lopes, Mr. Baker faw many ftrange Kinds of!-^\'”NJ
Creatures, which he never beheld before.
They often faw a Man or two on the Shore, flow they-
who, as foon as they perceived the Boat, came^A^
to it with their Almaide. Then calling Anchor,
they offered the Negros their Wares in Exchange
for Fifh and frefh Water, or any Vidluals or
their own Cooking. Thefe would bring to them
great Roots and Berries a, which grow on the
Palm-tree, being fuch Eatables as were molt a-
greeable to themfelves. Likewife fome of their
Wine , the Colour of Whey, which is the*
Juice that runs out of a Treeb. Sometime?
they brought them wild Honey in the Combs.
With thefe and fuch other Things as came thejr
relieved their Hunger. But nothing could repair
the Strength they loft by Grief, Fatigue, and
want of Reft, which reduced them to a very
weak Condition. They were fo oppreffed with
Affliction, to think of the dreadful Circumftan-
ces they were in, that theirHearts were ready to
break.
They had now been fo long feeking the Give over
Ships in vain, that they Were refolved to gi veebe Pa-fut.-
over the Purfuit ; concluding that they were loft,
or returned home. But what Courfe to take was*
difficult to determine : As for returning home in'
fuch a Boat as that, in want of every Thing, they
faw it was an utter Impoffibility ; and confidering
they were in a ftrange Country, inhabited by a
People, whofe Manners and Cuftoms were fo
oppofite to theirs, they knew not what to refolve
on. By this Time they found they had parted
beyond the Melegete (or Grain) Coaft, and were
advanced as far as that of Mina : For there Ne¬
gros, fpeaking Portuguese , came aboard them'
with their Scales and Weights, propoftng to'
traffic, and afking where their Ships were ? They,
in hopes to be better 11 fed, anfwered. There were
two at Sea, and that they would be with them
in a Day or two.
However, much difmayed at a Queftlon, JhargreMt1
which only renewed their Grief, they turned o ftD:PreF-
from the Natives to confult how they Ihould
difpofe of themfelves. They confidered, that if
they continued at Sea in their Boat, expofed to
the burning Heats by Day, which fenfibly con-
fumed them with fweating ; and to the frequent
' Tornados (or Hurricanes) accompanied with Light¬
nings, Thunder and Rain, which deprived them
of Reft all Night, that they could notpoffibly long
hold out. They often were three Days without
eating a Morfel; and having fat continually for
20 Days together, the Boat affording no Space to
walk in, they were in Danger of lofing the Ufe
% Coco Nuts.- b The Palm-Tree.
m-
182' Voyages of the English & Guinea.
1 563. of their Legs, for want of Exercife; and their
Baker. Joints were fo fwoln with the Scurvy, that they
— v-—- ' could fcarce fland.
Metho&pro- Hereupon Mr. Baker told them, that as it was
not poffible for them, in the Condition they were,
to keep to their Boat much longer, it was Time
to come to fome Refolution, and make Choice
of one of the -three Courfes which they had to
r. To try the take. The firfl was, to repair to the Caflle of
Portugueze. the Mine , which was not far ofF, and put them-
felves into the Hands of the Portugueze , who
were ChriJUans ; if they durfl trufl them, or
could expedf the more Humanity from them, on
that Account. However he told them, the worfl
that could happen to them, was to be hanged out
of their Mifery : That poffibly they might have
fome Mercy on them for their own Sakes, feeing
nine fuch young Men would be ferviceable in
their Galleys; that although they fhould be made
Slaves for Life, yet they fhould be fure of having
Victuals enough, in order to enable them to tug
at the Oar: Whereas there they rowed and
itarved.
a. To try the The next Courfe was, to throw themfelves
Negros. Upon the Courtefy of the Negros. As to this
Expedient, Mr. Baker told them, it was a very
difeouraging one : For that he could not fee what
Favour was to be hoped for from a beaftly favage
People, v/hofe Condition was worfe than that of
any Slave ; that poffibly they might be Cannibals ,
and then they were fure to go to pot at once,
without Ceremony ; that in cafe they fhould not,
their Cufloms were fo oppofite to the European ,
that they could not poffibly comply with them :
That it was not to be imagined, that they who
had always fed upon the Flefli of Animals, could
live upon Roots and Herbs (as the Negros did)
which was the Food of wild Bealls ; that be¬
ing accuflomed to wear Cloaths, they could not for
Shame go naked, and expofe thofe Parts of their
Bodies to View, which, from their Infancy, had
been covered ; that in cafe they could get the
better of Modefly in this Point, yet, for want
of that Defence againfl the Sun-beams, which
they had always been ufed to, their Bodies would
be grievoufly tormented, as well as emaciated,
and their Spirits exhaufled by the lcorching
Heats.
3. Tojlay in The lafl Courfe they had to take, was to flay
the Boat. jn the j>oat? and jig miferably there. But as
they feemed determined to run any Rifle at Land,
rather, than continue pent up in fuch a narrow
Compafs, fubje£l to all the Inclemencies of the
Weather, Day and Night, as well as liable to
be famifhed for want of Victuals ; Mr. Baker ,
in Conclufion, gave it as his Opinion, with re- 1^63.
gard to the other two Methods, that more Trull Baker,
and Confidence was to be put in the Portugueze ,
who were baptized, than in the Negros, who lived
in a brutifh Manner.
Mr. Baker having ended his Difcourfe, they Sailfer u
all determined to throw themfelves at the Mercy Mina*
of the Portugueze ; and hoifling Sail, immedi¬
ately fit forward for the Caflle, which was not
above twenty Leagues diflant. They went on
without flopping all Day, and till late in the
Night, when they perceived a Light on Shore.
The Boatfwain concluding from thence, that it
was a Place of Trade, propofed to cafl Anchor,
and try in the Morning, if they could get fome
Food in Exchange for their Wares. This was
agreed upon, and next Morning going towards
Shore, they perceived a Wateh-houfe upon a Difcover*
Rock, in the Place from whence the Light pro-Fort’
ceeded the Night before; with a large black Crofs
of Wood Handing near it. At this they began
to be in Doubt what Place that was ; and, look¬
ing forward, beheld a Caflle a, which perplexed
them ftill more : But their Doubt was quickly
folved, by the Appearance of a Portugueze or
two, one of whom, holding a white Flag in his
Hand, waved them to come afliore.
Although they went in Quell of the Por- Row up t»i,
tugueze , yet, on Sight of them, their Hearts be¬
gan to fail them, and they tacked about to make
off. This being obferved from the Caflle, imme¬
diately a Gun was fired at them by a Negro, the
Shot falling within a Yard of the Boat. If they had
been provided with a flout Ship or two, they would
not have valued their Bullets : But being unable
to make any Refiflance, they complied with Ne-
ceffity, and rowed as fall as they could to Land,
to yield themfelves, and know their Doom.
This they thought would pleafe thofe of the
Caflle ; but, to their great Surprize, the nearer
they drew to Shore, the more the Portugueze fhot
at them. The Bullets fell thick about the Boat,
yet Hill they advanced, till at lafl they got fo near
the Caflle Wall, as to be out of Danger from
the Cannon.
They now refolved to land, in order to try Not jufftnd
the Courtefy of the Portugueze : But prefently t0
there came Showers of Stones from the Caflle
Wall ; and a while after they faw the Negros
marching down with their Bows and Targets.
The Affault was fo furious, that having as much
to fear if they flayed any longer, from the heavy
Stones that fell into the Boat, and with their
Weight threatened to break through the Bottom
of it, as from the Showers of Arrows which
1 This Fort had been built fmee 1554, for there was none erected when Mr. Lok was there in that fame
Year; fee before, p. 146. c: Nor do we meet with any Signs of it in 1557, when Mr. Towfon was on that
Coaft. '
hiffed
k cvenge the
\jtikindnefs,
Voyages of the Engl
hi (Ted about their Ears, and wounded fome of
i s h Guinea,
>83
'563‘
who did not
put off from
four of their
them ; they, like defperate Men,
value what became of their Lives,
Shore, to return to Sea, fetting
Company to row.
Yet being unwilling to depart from the
Coaffs, without repaying the Inhabitants fome
Part of their Civility, they began to handle their
Bows and Fire-arms: Which they firft employed
againft the Negros, of whom fever al prefently
dropped ; and then againft the Portuguese , who
flood on the Walls of the Fort, in long white
Shirts (or Gowns) many of which were foon
dyed red, by means of the Englijh Arrows. They
Eaker.
thus maintained their Ground a long Time, and
And put to
'Sea again.
fought at their Leifurc ; never regarding the
Enemy’s Menaces, fince they faw there were no
Galleys in the Place to fend out to take them.
When they had fufficiently revenged their want
of Hofpitality, thay rowed off; and although
they knew they were to pafs through anothei
Storm of Bullets from the Caftle, yet they puffed
on, and like Men commonly who fear no Dan¬
ger, efcaped without receiving any Damage.
By the Time they had reached the Sea, they
perceived three Negros, who came rowing after
them, to know what Country they were of,
fpeaking very good Portuguese. They told them
they were Englijhmen , and had brought Wares
to traffic with them, if they had not ufed them
Strangers, brought the King’s Son on board. As
foon as he came, Mr. Baker began movingly to
explain the Cafe to him; making great Lamenta¬
tion, and giving him to underhand, by Signs, that
they were quite undone, had loft their Ships, and
were almoft famifhed for want of hood : At the
fame Time offering him all the Goods they
had in the Boat, provided he would take them
under his Protection, and relieve them in fuch
great Diftrefs.
The Negro Chief, moved by the Tears, Are kindly
which fell plentifully from the Eyes of all, re- received,
fufed the Prefent, and bid them be comforted.
He forthwith went affore, to know his Father’s
Pleafure, and prefently returning, invited them
to land. This was a joyful Hearing to them,
and they looked on their BenefaCtor as a Bleffing
referved for them by Providence. He had no
fooner fpoken the Word, than they fall to the
Oar in hafte, to get to Shore, where 500 Ne¬
gros waited to receive them : But coming near
the Coaft, the Sea ran fo high, that the Boat o-
verfet. The Negros immediately plunged into
the Water, to fave them, and brought them all
fafe to Shore. They alfo preferved the Boat,
and whatever was in her, fome fwimming after
the Oars, others diving for Goods that were
funk : After which they hauled it to Land, and
brought every individual T hing that belonged to
the Englijh ; not daring to detain the leaft T rifle,
fo illThe Negros were farther inquifrtive, to d for ft.? of the King’s Son : Who, according to
ju A •L . & _ i\/r d 11701: a Pprfnn nf C.ouracre.
’They try the
Negros,
know where their Ship was. They anfwered, they
had two at Sea, very well appointed, which would
foon take their Way along the Coaft, to trade
for Gold, and only waited for their Return.
The Negros then pretending a Concern for what
had happened, intreated them to ftay there for
that Day, promifing to bring them whatever
they flood in need of. But the Englijh putting
no Confidence in their Words, only afked them
what Place that was ; and being anfwered that
it was the Portuguese Caftle, at the YV eftern
Point of Cape Tres Puntas , without exchanging
more Words, hoift Sail and put to Sea, to feek
out a friendlier Place.
Having thus fufficiently experienced Portu¬
guese Kindnefs, they were refolved to have Re-
courfe to them no more, but try the Negros.
Wherefore failing back again about thirty Leagues,
they caft Anchor ; and the Natives coming 1m-
Mr. Baker’ s Account, was a Perfon of Courage,
and endowed with all natural Perfections.
The next kind Office they did, was to bring And are rt-
them Victuals, fuch as they ufed themfelves ; of
which they eat heartily, being, as may be pre¬
fumed, very hungry ; the Negros flaring at them
all the while, with as much Aftoniffment, as
the common People do here at ftrange outlandiff
Creatures. For all this Appearance of Humani¬
ty, the Englijl) were under no fmall Apprehen-
fions, confidering they were quite in the Power of
the Negros ; every one of whom went armed
with his Dart. They lay upon the Ground with
them all that Night,' but never once clofed their
Eyes, through Fear that they ffiould be killed
in their Sleep. However they received no Hurt
from them ; and for two Days fared very well.
But the Negros finding the Ships did not Shift for
come in that Time, as theyexpefled they would*”/-"-
^ y to" th:Boaa,'rthe £ rji gave «2y one f have done, ,0 fetch their Countrymen away, and
£me ptfen. or o?he’r, wherfb they their attribute a large Quantity Wares ^mon
Hearts The News of the Arrival of fuch generous them, in Return for their Hcdpitality , they
■ This feenrs ,0 be no very grateful Reikaion on th, W
gros thought, and very juftly, that they had fufficiently done their D y, . g S tjience. forward all Ex-
Applying them till th/y were refrelhed, and able to pmv.de for themfelv s CA, rf BtSTNeceflh-
peftations of Services were to ceafe, and they ought to be content w.th having tire Liberty or getting
ties, in the fame Manner as they did themfelves. foon
J
2 §4
i,564-
Carlet,
'V o y a g e s of the English to G u i n e a.
loon grew wear y of their new Guefts ; and, af- a came to feveral Refutations: As, iff, That Francis
ter leflening their Allowance every Day, at
length left them to fhift for themfelves. In this
Diltrefs they were conftrained to range about the
"Woods* in Search of Berries and Roots; which
they dug up with their Fingers, for want of other
Inftruments. Hunger had quite worn off the
Delicacy of their Palates. They made no Dif-
timftion any longer in Vi'ftuals; any thing that
was eatable now was a Dainty to them. Ne-
Carlet,
A f foie fhould be fent to Dcbtford to Mr. Gonfon ,
for his Letters to Peter Pet, to fet about rigging
the Minion at the Charges of the Queen; after Cpfff~
which, he was to repair to Gillingham , with a
Money to defray the Adventurers Charges there.
2d, That each of the five Partners fhould forth¬
with call upon their Partners to advance, towards
new Rigging and Victualing, 2,9/. ion 6 d. out
of every hundred. 3d, That each of the five
6*4.
ceffity likewife foon reconciled them to going b Partners fhould immediately depofit fifty Pounds
Many fid.cn
find die ,
naked : For their Cloatbs, grown rotten with the
'Sweat ; fell off their Backs by Degrees ; that at
length each of them had fcarce a Rag left to co¬
ver him before.
They were not only forced to fee k for their
Food, but to provide Wood and Utenfils to drefs
it. They made a Pot of Clay, baked in the
Sun, in which they boiled their Roots: The
Berries they roafted ; and on thefe Varieties they
fed every Evening. At Night they went to Reft
on the bare Ground, making a great Fire round
them, to keep off wild Beaffs. Thus they be¬
came, in every RcfpecSf, the reverfe of what they
•were before. In fhort, what with this intire
Change of their Way of living, joined to the
Heat and Unhealthinefs of the Climate, they be¬
gan to fall lick apace ; and, for want of proper
Nourifhment, died fo faff, that, in a fhort Time,
the nine were reduced to three a. This, to the
towards the faid Occafions. 4th, In cafe Mr. Gon¬
fon gave his Confent, that the Alerlin fhould be
brought round from Brijlol to Hampton , that a
Letter fhould be obtained under his Hand, before
Order was given for the fame.
Mr. HakliFyt, who has preferved the befo Account tf
mentioned Agreement among the Adventurers/'* v^{'
did all that was in his Power to procure an Ac¬
count of the Voyage from fome of thole con¬
cerned in it ; but could not obtain his Defire :
However, for Want of fuller Information, he
hath made ExtraHs from Mr. (afterwards Sir
John) Hawkins’s fecondVoyage to the Wejl- Indies ,
which affords fome fmall Light into the Succefs
of this to Guinea: Which from thence we fhall
briefly relate.
Sir John (then Mr.) Hawkins , with the Jefus The Fleet
of Lubek , and three other Ships, left Plymouthfets *ut%
the eighteenth of Otlober, 1564 ; and that fame
Deceafed, was a Releafe from their Mifery ; but d Day, being ten Leagues from the Port, met with
Three carri
td to France
Skip 1 em¬
ployed.
•what was an Eafe to them, rendered the State of
thofe few who furvived, more forlorn and help-
lefs than before. At length, when they had
■given over all Hopes of Relief, a French Ship ar¬
riving on the Coaff, took them in, and carried
them back to France , which being then in War
.with England , they were detained Prifoners, and
.from thence Mr. Baker wrote his verbified Nar¬
rative.
SECT. V.
A Voyage to Guinea in 1564, by Captain David
Carlet.
THE Ships employed in this Voyage, were
the Minion , one of the Queen’s Ships, Da¬
vid Carlet , Captain ; the John Bapt'fi , of Lon¬
don ; and the Merlin , belonging to Mr. Gonfon.
The chief Adventurers were Sir William Ge¬
rard, Sir William Chrfler , Sir Thomas Lodge, An¬
thony Hickman , and Edward GaJlelin. Thefe all
met on the eleventh of July, 1564, at Sir Wil¬
liam Gerard's , to confuit Meafures for fetting
Forward the Voyage. At which Mfeting they
the Minion , whereof David Carlet was Captain,
and her Confort, the John Baptifl. Having fa-
luted each other with their Guns, according to
Cuftom, the Minion went in queft of the Mer¬
lin, which lagged behind ; and left the John
Baptifl to keep the Jefus Company : But in a
Storm, which happened the twenty-firft, fhe was
feparated. The twenty-fifth, Mr. Hawkins put
into Ferrol, in Galicia , whither, on the twenty-
iixth, the Minion arrived alfo ; whofe Crew was
much deje&ed, on account of the Difafter which
had happened to the Merlin : For, two Days af¬
ter they met with her, through the Carelefnefs of
the Gunner, the Powder took Fire and blew upMerlin
the Poop, with three Men in it : Prefently after ^4,
which, /he funk, and all the Men had been loft,
but that the Brigantine, having been luckily at
the Stern, took them in ; many of them being
grievoufly wounded by the Explofion.
T he thirtieth, both Fleets departed in Com¬
pany. 1 he fixth of Oftober, coming in Sight of
Tener if. \ the Minion , being three or four Leagues
a-head of the Jefus , went on to -that Ifland, and
lo parted Company with Mr. Hawkins ; who
* Although the Names of the other two Survivors are not mentioned here, yet we find Mr Geoige Gaze was
one, from the Circumftances of bis going the Voyage with Mr. Baker, and being his Feilow-Prifoner at his
Return. Sec before, />. 179 \ Seevol .2. part 2. p. 55.
fhaping
Voyages of the English ^Guinea.
1566. (haping his Courfe by Cavo Verde , and Sierra Le-
Fenner, ona , afterwards ftruck off for the Wefl Indies ,
and arrived at the Town of Burboroata , on the
Coaft of Tterra Firma. Here he heard News of
the ill Succefs of this Guinean Voyage: For the
twenty-ninth of April, there came into the Road,
a French Ship, called the Green Dragon of New-
haven , one Bon Temps, Captain, who informed
him, that he had met with the Afinion on the
Coaft of Guinea , and that both had been driven
i8j
off by the Portuguese Galleys; that at the Mi- 1566.
nion’s firft Arrival, Captain Carlet , and a Mer- Fenner,
chant, with a Dozen Mariners, were betrayed by
the Negros to the Portuguese, with whom they
remained Prifoners ; and that the Ships had loft prijanen.
fo many Men, through Want of frefti Water,
and other Accidents, that it was a great Doubt
whether thole left would be able to bring them
home a.
CHAP. VIII.
Jibe Voyage of Captain George Fenner to
with three Ships and a Pinnace .
SECT. I.
The Admiral feparated. Porto Santo. Tenerif.
May-flower jhot at going into Santa Cruz.
The Captain fends a Letter to the Governor. The
Spaniards give them Leave to trade. Meet with
the Admiral at Gomera. Capes Blanco and
Verde. The Englifh go ajhore. Commodities
there. The Negro Pledges efcape. The Englifh
ajfaulted. Their Pledges detained , by Way of
Reprifal, and all Ranfom refufed. Several die j
of their Wounds.
Fleet feu H R E E Ships were employed in this Voy-
1 ut, age, the Cajlle of Comfort, George Fenner , Ge¬
neral, and William Bats , Mafter ; the May-flower ,
Captain Edward Fenner , Vice-Admiral, and Wil¬
liam Courtife , Mafter ; and the George, a fmall
Bark, John Heiwood, Captain, and John Smith of
Hampton , Mafter ; befides a Pinnace. The tenth
of December , in the Year abovefaid, they left
Plymouth : The twelfth, they were thwart of UJhant', e
and the fifteenth, in the Morning, had Sight of
rieirAdmi - Cape Finifler. The fame Night, they loft Com-
\nlfepara- pany of their Admiral: Wherefore they failed
,(d' along the Coaft of Portugal , hoping that he had
been before them.
The eighteenth, they met with a French Ship,
who bringing no Tidings of their Admiral, they
followed their Courfe to the Canary Blands.
The twenty-fifth, in the Morning, they fell
with Porto Santo j and within three Hours had f
Sight of Madera , fix Leagues diftant. The fame
Day, they hoitted out the Boat, and brought on
board them, Mr. Edward Fenner , Captain of the
May-flower , (who was then with the Mafter Robert
Porto
Santo.
the Ifands of Cape Verde b, in 1566,
Written by Walter Wren c.
Courtife, and others, in the George ) and feafted
them with fuch Cheer as they had.
The twenty-eighth, they fell with the Ifiand Tenerif
Tenerif, twenty-feven Leagues from the former •flfiand.
and caft Anchor on the Eaft Side, in forty Fa¬
thom Water, a Bafe Shot from Shore, within a
little Bay, where there were three or four fmall
Houfes, about a League diftant from a little
Town, called Santa Cruz. From their Ships they
could fee the Grand Canarie, fix or feven Leagues
diftant.
The twenty-ninth, the May-flower, not be-May-flowef
ing able to get into the Road for the Wind, bore/** at.
in with Santa Cruz , thinking to caft Anchor in
the Road againft the Town : But before (he came
within Reach of any of their Ordnance, they
(hot at her four Pieces ; which caufing her to re¬
tire, (he came at laft to Anchor near the George ,
about one. Afternoon. The Captain wrote a
Letter, dire&ed to the Head Officer of Santa Cruz ,
to know the Reafon of his being (hot at.
The Letter was given to the faid Courtife, Boat goes
and Walter Wren, [the Author] who, with fxxaMe
Men in the Boat, rowed as near Shore as they
durft, the Sea running extremely high. The
People (landing by the Water Side, about thirty
in Number, with fuch Armour as they had, Wren
called to them in Spanijh , to let them know, that
they had a Letter for Santa Cruz , and wanted to mth a
have it conveyed thither. One of the Spaniards ter.
defired them to land, faying, they (hould be wel¬
come : But doubting the word, Wren anfwered,
that they would (lay till they had an Anfwer of
their Letter. Hereupon, one of the Spaniards
dripping, leapt into the Water, and fwam to the
Boat. He was received in ; and after faluting
a Methinks Mr. Hakluyt might have told us, whether they did come home or not, (which he here might
have known) but he generally leaves his Readers in the Dark as to iuch Matters. Isi e ri^n i * 10
be found in Hakluyt's Collection, Vol. 2. part. 2. p. 57.) It is called, The l oyage of Mr. George t enner to
Guinea, and the Ijlands of Cape Verde, tdfe. e He belonged to the George.
Vol. I. N- 8. B b them*
i 86
Voyages of the
1566. them, demanded what their Requeft was ? They
Fenner, made Anfwer, that by Misfortune they had loft
^ the Company of their Admiral 5 and being bound
to this Ifland to traffic for Wines, and other
Things, were minded to ftay there till he arrived.
The Spaniard promifed to carry the Letter
without Delay; and Wren having fewed it up in
a Bladder, delivered it him ; giving him four
Ryals of Spanijb Money for his Trouble. After
he had returned to Shore, and talked to the Peo¬
ple, fome of them threw up their Hats, and others
pulled them off, faluting the Englijh , ftill inviting
them to land: But having returned their Cour-
tefy, they rowed back agam to the Ship.
Have Leave The Thirtieth, the Governor’s Brother of
tetrode, Santa Cruz , came aboard the May-flower with
fix or feven Spaniards', who concluded with the
Captain, that the Englijh might land and traffic.
They were all well entertained ; and at their De¬
parture, the Captain ordered four Pieces of Ord¬
nance to be (hot off; and beftowed upon them
two Cheefes, with other Things. The Spaniard
promifed the Captain, that he fhould have fuffi-
cient Pledges next Day ; which not being per¬
formed, they grew fufpicious, and went not
afhore.
The firft of ‘January $ the Captain fent Nicho¬
las Day , and John Sumpter afhore, who were
well entertained, with as many of the Company
as went after them.
Pike of In Tenerif is a marvellous high Hill, called
Tenerif, the Pike, which afar off, is more like a Cloud
than any thing elfe: It is round, and fomewhat
fmall at Top. It hath not been known, that
ever any Man was at the Top : And although it
Hands in twenty-eight Degrees, where it was as
hot in January as it is in England at Midfummer ,
yet is the Summit feldom without Snow, both
Winter and Summer. About two Leagues from
the faid Santa Cruz , is a City called Anagona.
The third, they removed towards the Weft-
ernPart of the Ifland, twelve or fourteen Leagues
from Santa Cruz ; and on the fifth caft Anchor
in a Bay, over-againft the Houfe of one Petro de
Soufes: Where being informed,. that the Admiral
had been there feven Days before, and was gone
to Gomera, they fet Sail prefentlyto feek him.
Meet with The fixth, they found the Admiral at Anchor
the Admiral, jn the Road before the Town of Gomera: There
alfo they met with Edward Cook in a tall Ship ;
and a Ship of the Copper Smiths of London', which
the Portugueze had treacheroufly furprifed in the
Bay of Santa Cruz, on the Coaft of Barbary , and
was all fpoiled. The General, and Merchants,
bought in the faid Town, for their Provifion,
fourteen Butts of Wine, at the Rate of fifteen
Ducats a Butt ; which had been offered them in
Santa Cruz', in Tenerif, for eight, nine, and ten
Ducats. The ninth, they departed from this
English to Guinea.
Road to another Bay, about three Leagues off, 1566.
and there took in frefh Water. The tenth, they l-enner.
fet Sail towards Cape Blanks, on the Coaft of
Guinea. „ „ „ n
The twelfth, they fell into a Bay to the Eaft
of Cape Pargos, thirty- five Leagues from the
other : But having no Knowledge of that Coaft,
they went with Cape Blanks', and at the Fall
of the Land they founded, and had fixteen Fa¬
thom Water two Leagues from Shore. The
Land is very low, and white Sand. Upon the Fall
of the faid Coaft, beware how you borrow [or an¬
chor] in twelve or ten Fathom; for within two or
three Cafts of the Lead, you may be on Ground.
The feventeenth, draping their Courfe South by
Eaft, and South, from Cape Blanke, they fell into a
Bay, about fixteen Leagues to the Eaft of Cape V ? rde ,
and fix from Shore. The Land being full of Hum¬
mocks, with high Trees on them, feemed like a
great Number of Ships under Sail: They bore
with the Land, till they were within three Leagues
of the Shore ; and then founding, found twenty-
eight Fathom Water, black Ouze. This Day,
they faw many Shoals of Fifb, fwimming with
their Nofes even with the Surface of the Water.
Passing along this Coaft, thev obferved two Cape Verde
fmall round Hills, (yet the higheft theyfawall Day)
feemingtobeaLeague one from the other, which
is the Cape ; and between them abundance of T rees.
The nineteenth, they came to Anchor at the
Cape, half a Mile from Land, in a Road clofe
by the Weft Side of [the] two Hills, in ten Fa¬
thom Water, where you may ride in five or fix ; .
for the Ground is clean, and the Wind always
off Shore. As foon as they were all at Anchor, .
the General and Captains, with theMafters, went
aboard the George-, and having dined, concluded
to land : And by the Advice of William Bats, Go afhore
both Captain and Merchants, and divers of the vnarmtd.
Company, went without Armour, though againft
: their Wills : For he faid, that although the Peo¬
ple were black, and naked, yet they were civil.
There went afhore the Admiral’s Skiff, and the
Mayflowers Boat; and in them about twenty
Perfons, as the General, his Brother Thomas Va¬
lentine, John Worme , and Francis Leigh , Mer¬
chants ; John Haward, Francis Bats , Nicholas
Day, John Tomfon , and others. At their Land¬
ing, there were one hundred Negros, or upwards, ,
without their Bows and Arrows, walking to and
fro ; as could be perceived from the Ships. The
Captains and Merchants talked with them ; and,
according to the Cuftom of the Country, they
demanded Pledges of each other. The Negros Exchange
were content to deliver three of their Men for Pledga,
five Englijh Men, who were John Haward , Wil¬
liam Bats, Nicholas Day , John Tomfon, and John
Curtifc. Thefe were delivered them. They then
began to talk of Bufinefs. The Englijl) gave them
to / ■ B
7^66 .
Fenner.
Commodities
at tie Cape,
The Negro
Pledges
efcape,
Toe English
(tiJJ'aultu i
The Pledges
attained.
Voyages of the En
to underftand, that they had brought Woollen a
Cloth, Linen Cloth, Iron, Cheefe, and other
Things. The Negros, in their Turn, let them
know, that they had Civet, Mufk, Gold, and
Grains: Which pleafed the Captain andMerchants
very well ; who at the Negros Requeft, forth¬
with fent aboard one of the Boats for Part of
their Merchandize to (hew them. Mean Time,
the five Pledges walked on the Shore with the
Negros ; and the General with the red, (laid in
the other Boat by the Sea Side, having the three b
Negros with them.
The Boat being returned, brought Iron, and
other Merchandize, with Bread, W ine and Cheefe,
which they gave the Negros. Then two of the
Pledges feigning themfelves fick, defired to go
alhore, promifing to fend two others in their
Stead. Captain Haward perceiving his Men had
let the Negros come afhore, afked what they
meant; and doubting the word, began to draw
toward the Boat. Two or three of the Negros c
followed him ; and when he came to the Boat,
would have flopped him. He made Signs, that
he would fetch them more Drink and Bread :
Notwithftanding which, one of them caught him
by the Breeches to pull him back ; but he fprung
from him, and leaped into the Boat. As foon as
he was in, one of the Negros on Shore began to
blow a Pipe ; whereupon the third Negro Pledge,
who was fitting on the Boat’s Side, and Mr. d
U 'or me s' s Sword by him, fuddenly drew it out of
the Scabbard, and leaping into the Sea, fwam
afhore.
Presently after this, the Negros laid Hands
on the Englijh that were on Shore, and violently
tore the Cloaths off the Backs of Day , Bats, and
Tomfon , leaving them naked : They alfo fhot fo
thick into the" Boats, that they could fcarce fet
Hand to Oar to row from the Shore. Many of e
them were hurt with their poifoned Arrows. The
Poifon is incurable, if the Arrow enter the Skin,
and draw Blood; unlefs it be prefently fucked
out, or the wounded Part be forthwith cut away ;
for otherwife lie dieth in four Days. Within
three Hours after they be hurt, or pricked, where-
foever it be, it ftrikes up to the Heart, taketh
away the Appetite, and caufeth violent Vomitings;
the Party loathing both Meat and Drink. f
The Negros, after they had ufed the Pledges
fo roughly, led them away to a Town, about a
Mile from the Water Side. Next Day the Skiff
g l t. s fi to Guinea.
187
was fent afhore with eight Perfons, one of whom 1566.
was the forefaid John Tomfon a, and the Inter- Fenner,
prefer, a Frenchman, (for one of the Negros fpake k/’V'NJ
good French :) They carried with them two Har-
quebuffes, two Targets, and a Mantel. The
Caufe of fending them was, to learn what Ran-
fom they demanded for Bats and Day, whom
they detained. The Negros being made acquainted
with what they came about, forty or fifty of them
went and fetched them from among the Trees.
Being come within a Stone’s Caff of the Sea Side,
William Bats broke from them, (for they were
not bound) and ran as faff as he could into the
Sea towards the Boat: But happening to fall juft
as he entered the Water, (either by being out of
Breath, or his Foot flipping in the Sand, which
was foft) the Negros came up to him before he
could recover himfelf ; and feizing, hauled him
fo, that the reft thought they would have pulled
him in Pieces. Having torn the Cloaths off his
Back again, fome of them hurried him, and his
Brother in AfHi&ion, away to their Town. The
reft fhot at thofe who came to ranfom them, with
their poifoned Arrows ; and hurt on zAndrewes in
the Small of the Leg, whofe Life the Surgeons had
much ado to fave.
The General, (notwithftanding all this) fent All Ranfom
once more to them, offering any Thing they d e-refuM°
fired for the Ranfom of the Englijhmen, but they
would not deliver them ; returning this Anfwer :
That three Weeks before their Arrival, an Eng-
lijf) Ship came into that Road, and carried off
three Negros ; fo that till fuch Time as they were
brought again, they would not reftore their Men,
even though they fhould give their three Ships to
releafe them b.
The twenty-firft, a French Ship, of eighty
Tons, arrived in the Road, to traffic at the Cape:
The Englijh told them of the detaining of their
two Men ; and perceiving they were in great
Favour with the Negros, intreated them to nego¬
tiate their Ramfom; the Admiral promifing , to
pay him one hundred Pound, in cafe he procured
their Releafe, and brought them off: And hav¬
ing thus committed the "Matter to his Care, de¬
parted.
Of the Men who were hurt by the Negros
Arrows, four died; and one, to fave his Life, t
had his Arm cut off. Andrewes continued lame,
not able to help himfelf : Only two recovered of
their Wounds.
a It is not faid how he got out of the Clutches of the Negros. Can any body blame trie Negros ror
what they did? Are they not to be praifed for their Love to one another ? Had thofe Barbarians (fo we mua,
call the Enrlfmen they complained of) half as much Affeaion for their Countrymen, they would never have
carried off thefe three Negros. The like Confequence of fuch another Injury has been related before, p. 1 60 %
In thefe two Inftances, there was great Provocation given the Negros: But we fhall prefently fee them werio
ufed by their good Neighbours and Vdfow-Cbnjlians, the Portuguese, without any Provocation at all.
Bb 2
S E C T,
1
88
1 566.
Fenner,
Voyages of the English to Guinea.
a at one hundred Ducats a Year
SECT. II.
Bona Vifta.
Bona Vifta. Its Inhabitants, and Produft. Mayo.
Sant Jago. Are invited to land. Portugueze
Dijjimulation and 'Treachery. Their Galleys fent
to Jnrprife the Englifh. Attack them , and are
beaten off. IJland Fuego, and its burning Moun¬
tain. Brava. The Azores. Cuervo. Fayal.
Tercera, Three Portugueze Ships attack the
Admiral. Are joined by five more. She fights [
them all fever a l Days. They are repulfed , and
Jheer off. Return homewards. Meet a Portu¬
gueze, and other Veffels , who are afraid to en¬
gage them.
TH E twenty-fixth, they left Cape Verde ;
and the twenty -eighth, fell with Bona
Vijla , eighty-fix Leagues diftant. The North
Side of this Illand is full of white fandy Hills
and Dale?, and fomewhat High-land. In the
Flying Fijb. Way, they faw many flying Fifties, of the Big- <
nefs of Herrings, whereof two flew into their
Boat, which was towed at their Stern. The fame
Day, they came to Anchor, about a League with¬
in the Weftermoft Point; and found in the Sound¬
ing fair Sand in ten Fathom Water : But you may
approach the Shore, till you are in five or fix Fa¬
thom ; for the Ground is clean.
As foon as they were at Anchor, the General
fent his Pinnace to Land, and found five or fix
fmall Houfes ; but the People were fled to the
Mountains. Next Day, he fent again, and met
with two Portugueze , who willingly went aboard
with his Men. He made them welcome, although
they were but poor ; and having given each a Pair
of Shoes, ordered them to be fet on Shore again.
The thirtieth, they came to a Bay in a fmall
Bland, about a League diftant, lying in fixteen
Degrees, and took Plenty of divers Sorts of Fifh.
If you mean to anchor in the Bay, you may
borrow in four or five Fathom of the Southermoll
Point of the Bland, which you may fee when you
ride in the Road : But beware of the Middle of
the Bay ; for there lieth a Ledge of Rocks, on
which the Sea breaks at low Water, yet it is
three Fathom deep over them.
The laft of January , the General, with cer¬
tain of his Men, went afhore to the Houfes,
where he found twelve Portugueze. In all the
Ifland, there were not above thirty Perfons, who
were banifhed Men, fome for more Years, fome
for lefs and amongft them, there was one Ample
Man, who was their Captain. They live upon
Goats Flefh, Cocks, Hens, and frefh Water :
Other Victuals they have none, excepting Fifh,
which they efteem not j neither have they any
Boats to catch them. They report, that this
Ifland was given by the King of Portugal to one
*f his Gentlemen, who hath let it forth to Rent
i
Goats nume¬
rous.
Tie Inhabi ¬
tants.
which Rent is 1566.
raifed out of Goat Skins only : For if they may Fenner,
be credited, forty thoufand of thofe Skins have'
been fent from hence to Portugal in one Year.
These People made the Englijh very welcome,
and entertained them to the belt of their Power.
They gave them the Flefh of as many He-goats as
they would have ; taking much Pains to catch,
and bring them from the Mountains on their
Affes.
' They have here great Plenty of the Oil of
Tortoifes. It rains in this Ifland, but in three
Months of the Year, from the Middle of July to
the Middle of October, and is always very hot.
Cattle have been brought hither, but died, by
Reafon of the Heat and Drought.
The third of February, they departed, and IJland
the fame Day fell with the Bland of Mayo ; which Ma>'0,
is fourteen Leagues from the former. Midway,
between both, there is a Danger [or Rock] which
: is always to be feen.
They anchored on the North-Weft Side of IJland St.
the Ifle in a fair Bay, where was eight Fathoms Ja&°*
Water, and fair Sand ; but the fourth departed,
and came to St. Jago , about five Leagues diftant,
Eaft and by South. Being arrived within the
W eftermoft Point, they few a fair Road, and a
fmall Town by the Water Side, with a Fort, or
Platform by it. There they propofed to come to
Anchor, and the Merchants to fell fome Goods :
i But before they came within Shot, two Cannon
were let fly at them j whereupon they turned off,
and failing along the Shore two or three Leagues,
caft Anchor in a fmall Bay, in fourteen Fathom,
and good Ground. On the Shore, there were two
or three little Houfes. Within an Hour after,
they obferved divers Horfemen and Footmen on
the Land, right againft them, riding, and run¬
ning to and fro.
Next Day, a great Company of both Sorts ap- invited on
e pearing on the Shore, the General fent to know,‘Wer*'
if they were willing to traffic with them. They
fent Word, that they would be glad to fpeak to
him ; promifing, that if he came to trade as a
Merchant, he ftiould be welcome, and be fupplied
with whatever he ftiould in Reafon demand.
With this Anfwer, the General, and the whole
Company being very well pleafed, he forthwith
ordered his Boats to be made ready : But for Fear
of Treachery, caufed them to be armed; putting
f a double Bafe in the Head of his Pinnace, and
two fingle Bafes in the Head of the Skiff. The
Boats of the May-fiovuer , and the George , were
put in the fame Pofture of Defence.
In this Manner the General went in his Skiff Proceed ca
towards the Shore, where were threefcore Horfe- t,0UJlj'
men or more, and two hundred Footmen, all
armed, ready to receive them. But being alarmed
at their Number, he fent one with a Flag of
Truce,
And Trea¬
chery.
Their Gal¬
ley i fur-
i wrote
Voyages of the En
Truce, to know their Pleafure : They fent back a
Word, with many fairPromifes and Oaths, that
their Intentions were (incere, and that they meant,
like Gentlemen and Merchants, to traffic with
him : Adding, that their Captain was coming to
fpeak with him; and therefore defired, that the
General would forthwith land.
On the Return of the Meflenger with this An-
fwer, the General caufed his Pinnace to row for¬
wards ; and as he drew near the Shore, th t Por¬
tugueze came in a great Company, in the moft b
foothing Manner, ftretching out their Arms, and
bowing themfelves with their Bonnets off, earneft-
ly defiring the General and Merchants to land ;
which yet he would not confent to, without fuf-
ficient Pledges. At length, they agreed to fend
two fuch as he fhould approve of, promifing at
the fame Time, to let him have frefh Water,
Victuals, Money, or Negros, for Wares, if they
were fuch as they liked ; defiring, that a Bill of
Parcel might be fent them, with the Names and c
Quantities of the feveral Commodities. The Ge¬
neral piomifed it fhould be done ; and being gone
a little from the Shore, caufed his Bafes, Curriers,
and Harquebuffes, to be fhotoff: The Ships, in
like Manner, difeharged five or fix Pieces of great
Ordnance. Moft of the Portugueze departed, ex-
pedting fuch as were to watch and receive the
Note, which was fent about four in the After¬
noon. But now we (hall fee, that all the Friend-
(hip of thefe Chriflian Barbarians , (who never d
fcruple falfe Oaths in order to deceive) was all
counterfeit, and their Defigns villainous.
There was, about three Leagues to Weft-
wards, behind a Point, a Town clofe by the Sea
Side]: Where, with all Speed, they made ready four
Caravels, and two Brigantines, which were like
Galleys, furnifhing them both with as many
Men and Ordnance, as they could carry ; and as
foon as it was Night, came rowing clofe under
the Shore towards the Ships : So that the Land e
being high, and the Weather fomewhat hazy,
the Englijh could not fee them till they were right
againft the Mayflower.
By this Time, it was about one or two in the
Morning; and the May-flower, riding nearer
them than the other two by a Ba e-(hot, they
made a fure Account either to have taken or burnt
her. Mean Time, thofe on the Watch, (little
fufpe&ing any fuch Treachery, after fo many fair
Words) made fuch a Noife, linging and playing, f
that, there being but a fmall Gale of Wind, they
might be heard from the Shore. They were fo
taken up with their Mirth, that they did not ob-
ferve the Motions of their pretended Friends; nei¬
ther had they any one Piece of Ordnance primed,
or any one Thing in Readinefs.
gush to Guinea.
189
They came within Gun-(hot of the Englijh 1^66.
before they were perceived ; when one of the Fenner.
Men happening to fee a Light, looked out, and'-y~v~'“J
fpied the four Ships: He fuddenly cried out,
Galleys ! Galleys ! at which Cry they were all
amazed. At the fame Time, the Portugueze (hot
off all their great Ordnance, their Harquebuffes,
and Curriers; and lighting their Cartridges of
WiJd-fire, came on with great Shouts, (anfwered
by thofe on the Shore) (till approaching nearer
and nearer to the May-flower , which getting
ready one Gun, (hot at and put them a little to
a Stand. Prefently the Enemy charged again,
and gave them another Broadfide, During which
the Englijh had gotten three Pieces ready, and
let fly at them a fecond Time. For all this, the
Portugueze advanced, and at length approached
fo near, as to be within Arrow-fhot. Where¬
upon they having a Gale of Wind from Shore,
hoifted their Forefail, and cutting their Cable at
the Haufe, went towards the Admiral; yet the nt are
Portugueze continued following and (hooting at '»e«ten #
them, and fometime at the Admiral : But the
Admiral fent them one Shot, which made them
retire, and at length to warp away. Although
the Portugueze came on them by Surprize, and
poured in all their Bullets at once, neither Man
nor Boy was hurt: But what Damage was done
the Enemy, the Englijh could not tell.
Perceiving the Villany of thefe Men, theyf/k”^
thought it beft to ftay there no longer : But im- I'uei50*
mediately fet Sail towards Fuego , twelve Leagues
from thence ; and came to Anchor on the ele¬
venth, againft a white Chapel, within a League
of the moft Weftern End of the Ifland, and half
a League of a little Town. In this Ifland is a
marvellous high Hill, which burnt continually a;
and the Inhabitants reported, that about three
Years before, the whole Country had like to be
burned with the Abundance of Fire that iffued out.
About a League to the Weft of the Chapel,
is a goodly Spring of frefh Water, with which
they were fupplied. They have no Wheat here;
but there grows a Seed they call Mill, [or Millet]
which makes good Bread ; and Peafe, like thofe
of Guinea. They have alfo Plenty of other Beafts
and Goats. Their Merchandize is Cotton, wffiich
groweth here. The Inhabitants are Portugueze ,
who are forbidden to traffic either with Englijh or
French , for Victuals, or any other Thing, except
they be compelled to it.
There lies off this Ifland, another, called Brava.
Ilha Brava , which is not paffing two Leagues
over. It hath good Store of Goats, and many
Trees ; but not above three or four Perfons dwel¬
ling in it.
The twenty-fifth of February , (haping their
The Ifland takes the Name of Fuego, or Fire , from this Hilt
Courfe
290
Voyages of the English to Guine aI
1 566.
Fenner.
Azores
1M
.Cuervo.
FayaJ.
Three Por-
tugueze
Ships
Attach the
Admiral.
Courfe towards the Iflands of Azores , on the a
twenty-third of March, they had Sight of Flores ,
'and of Cuervo , about two Leagues to the North
of it ; where they came to Anchor the twenty-
feventh, over-againft a Village, of about twelve
dimple Ho ufes : But in the Night, being diftufbed
by a Gale of Wind, which caufed them to drag
their Anchor, they hoifted Sail, and went to
Flores ; where they faw furprifing Streams of
Water defeending from the high Cliffs, occafion-
ed by the great and fudden Fall of Rain. b
The twenty-ninth, they came again to Cu¬
ervo, and caff Anchor ; but a Storm (which con¬
tinued feven or eight Hours together) obliged
them to flip a Cable and Anchor, thinking to
have recovered them again, when the Wind was
allayed : But the Portugueze, honeft People ! had
either taken or fpoiled them. Both together were
worth above forty Pound.
The eighteenth of April , they took in Water
at Flores : Here their Cable being fretted with a c
Rock, broke; and with it they loft another An¬
chor. Then they fet Sail to Fatal ; about which
lie three other Iflands, called Pico, Saint George ,
and Graciofa , which they had Sight of on the
twenty-eighth.
The twenty-ninth, they caft Anchor on the
South- Weft Side of Faial, in a fair Bay, with
twenty-two Fathom Water, againft a littleTown,
where they had both frefh Water and Victuals.
In this Ifland there groweth green Woad ; which, d
according to the Inhabitants, is far better than
the Woad either of St. Michael, or Tercera.
The eighth of May, they came to Tercera,
where they met with a Portugueze Ship ; and be¬
ing deftitute of a Cable and Anchor, the Gene¬
ral caufed them to keep her Company, to fee if fhe
could conveniently fpare them any. Next Morn¬
ing, they perceived bearing with them, a great
Ship, and two Caravels, all well appointed ; which,
as they judged, were of the King of Portugal’s Ar- e
mada: Whereupon the Englijh prepared them-
felves for their Defence. The Ship was one of
the King’s Galliafles, of about four hundred Tons
Burden, with three hundred Men ; being well
appointed with Brafs Cannon, fome of them fo
bis, that their Shot was as great as a Man’s
Head.
As foon as they were within Shot of the Ad¬
miral, they brandifhed their Swords, and fhot at
her; and while the Men prepared for their De- f
fence, the great Ship difeharged a whole Broad -
fide at her, and the four greateft Guns that lay
in her Stern: Whereby fome of the Crew were
hurt ; the reft requiting them the beft they could
with their Shot. After this, two other Caravels,
and Pinnaces full of Men, came from Shore, and
deliverd them aboard the great Ship ; with which,
and the Caravel, the Admiral fought three Times
the ftrft Day. When it grew dark, they left of 1566.
fhooting; yet ftill kept up with her all Night : Fenner.
During which Interval, the Sailors were employed L/'YV
to mend the Ropes, and ftrengthen their Bul¬
warks ; refolving rather to die than be taken by
fuch Wretches.
The tenth, in the Morning, there were come yoincd u
to aid the Portugueze , four great Armadas or Ca- five Ships
ravels more, (which made feven Sail in all;) three more'
of them were, at the leaft, one hundred Tons
apiece, well appointed, and full of Men. They
all bore down upon the Admiral ; and one of the
great Caravels came to lay her aboard, having
prepared their falfe Nettings, and every Tiling elfe
for that Purpofe, the Galliafs advancing on her
Larboard, and the Caravel on her Starboard.
The Captain andMafter, perceiving their Deiign,
ordered the Gunners to charge the Ordnance with
Crofs-bars, Chain, and Hail-fhot. As foon as the
Ship and Caravel were right in her Sides, they
poured in their Shot as faft as they could, think¬
ing to have laid her prefently aboard: Where¬
upon file gave them fuch a Welcome with both Art beaten
her Sides at once, that they were glad to fall#
a-ftern, and paufe upon it the Space of two or
three Hours, the Wind being very fmall. Then
came up the other five, and having all Ihot at
her, fell a-ftern likewife, and went to confult
with the reft.
In the Interim, the fmall Bark, George , com-^^K
ing up, conferred a good while with the Admiral ; Fight .
then -perceiving the Portugueze Veffels advance,
dropped a-ftern of her, intending to come up
again : But falling to Leeward, it was fo long
before (he could fill her Sails again, for Want of
Wind, that both the Ship and Caravels were
come up to the Admiral. However, the Bark
falling in among them, played her Part Very well 5
and though five of the Caravels followed her, fhe
defended herfelf againft them all, while the great
Ship, and other Caravels, attacked the Admiral*
and fought her all that Day with their Ordnance.
This Night, the May-flower coming up,
(which (lie could not do before, for Want of
Wind) the Captain told them what Damage had
been done him ; and defired, if they could fpare
half a Dozen frelh Men, to hoift out their
Boat, and fend them to him : But they faid they
could not, and fo bare away again. Next Morn¬
ing, when the Enemy faw the Englijh Ships ftill
departed, they came up to the Admiral once
more ; and began a furious Fight with much Hal¬
lowing and Noife, making account either to
board or fink her. The Englijh Sailors, (although 4re re.u
their Number was but fmall) that the Enemy and peer
Ihould not think they were afraid, whooped and
hallowed as faft as they ; and waved to them to
come and board them, if they durft. That they
would not venture to do, feeing them fo cou-
ragious *
T o y a g e s of the English to Guinea,
15 79-
Stephens.
ragious ; and having fought the Admiral four
Times that Day, at Night forfook her with Shame,
as they came to her at firft with Pride. They
had made, fome Holes in the Ship, between Wind
and Water, with their Shot, which were flopped
with all Speed : And then the Men took fome
Reft after their long Danger and Fatigue. Next
Morning, the May-flower came, and brought fix
Men in her Boat to the Admiral, which fent her
fome wounded Men in their Room.
Return borne- Then they directed their Courfe for their
uards. own Country. The fecond of June , they were
thwart the Lizard. Next Day, they had Sight
of a Portugueze Ship, which bare with the Ad¬
miral ; and at her coming up (the Weather be¬
ing then calm) the Captain, caufed her to fend her
Boat aboard him ; being come, he demanded,
what Goods they carried, and whither they were
bound ? Plaving anfwered, that their Lading was
Vf«f a Por- Sugar and Cotton, the Captain and Merchants
ujueze, fhewed them five Negros, and afked, whether
they would buy them ? They feemed very defirous,
and agreed to give for them forty Chefts of Su¬
gar, which were finall, not containing above
twenty-fix Loaves each. The Portugueze had de¬
livered five of the Chefts, and were come a fe-
I
a cond Time with more, when a great Ship and 1579.
a fmall appeared ; which the Captain of the Ad- Stephens,
miral fuppofing to be Men of War, or Rovers, he
de fired the Portugueze to carry their Sugar back s”.f 0
again, that he might put his Ship in a Pofture of
Defence. Hereupon, the Portugueze earneftly in-
treated him not to forfake them, promifing (if
he would guard them) to give him ten Chefts
over and above what he had bargained for. The
Captain agreed, and the Portugueze Ship being
b no good Sailer, he lowered the Admiral’s Top-
fails to flay for her. At laft, the forefaid Ship
bare with them ; but feeing, that they did^ not
fear them, gave them over. Next Morning, two
other Veffels came bearing with them, but pre-
fently fheered off for the fame Reafon.
The fifth of June , they had Sight of the
Stert, and about Noon, were thwart of the Bay
of Limey where they had thirty-five Fathom
Water.
c The fixth, they paffed by the Needles , and fo Arrive a?
came to anchor under the Ifle of Wight y at a Southan^-
Place called Mead-hole: From whence they failed
to Southampton , where they made an End of their
Vayage.
C H A P. IX.
Phe Voyage of Thomas Stephens in the Portugueze Fleet to Goa, in 1579.
Previous Remarks relating it
WE are now beginning to draw towards In- <
dia ; the following Voyage being the firft
that we know of performed thither by any Eng-
lifhman : And though he was only a Paflenger in
the Ship of another Nation, yet the Account he
gives of the Navigation was, doubtlefs, one of the
Motives which induced his Countrymen, in a
few Years after, to vifit the Indies in their own
Bottoms. But indeed the chief and more imme¬
diate Caufes feem to have been the rich Carracs
taken in the cruizing Voyages made againft the
Portugueze and Spaniards about this Time, which
both gave the Engli/h an Infight into the Eajl-
Jndian Trade, and inflamed their Defires to fhare
in it. This is one Reafon why we (hall give
thofe Voyages a Place here.
Account of The Account of this Voyage is contained in
•t* Author, a Letter, written from Goa the tenth of Novem¬
ber , 1579, by the faid Stephens, to his Father, Thomas
Stephens , in London. In thisLetter, which isinfert-
ed in Hakluyt’ s Collection a, feveral .very good Re-
* Vol. 2. part 2. p. 99. b Vol. 2. part 1. p. 248.
3
the Author and his Account.
marks are to be found relating to the Navigation td
the Eajl- Indies in thofe Days ; yet no Mention is
made of the Profeflion of the faid Stephens , or
on what Occafion he went to India : But by the
Letters of Neiubery and Fitch b, (an Account of
which will be given in their proper Places) writ¬
ten from Goa in 1584, it appears, that he was
a Jefuit, or Prieft, belonging to St. Paul’s Col¬
lege there. Whence it may be concluded, that
the Defign of his Voyage was to propagate the
Romifh Religion in the Indies: And the Collector,
in a Marginal Note to one of thofe Letters, in¬
timates, that he had been bred at New. College ,
Oxford. He was very ferviceable to the faid New-
bery and Fit eh y who acknowledged, that they
owed their Liberty and Goods, if not their Lives,
to him, and another Padre, *- This is mentioned
alfo by Pyrard de la Valy who was Prifoner, with
the Remainder of the Englijhnwiy at Goa in 1608,
at which Time Stephens was ReCtor of Morgan
f College , in the Ifland of Salfet c.
& feqq. c See Purchases Pilgrims , Vol, 2. p. 1670,
J k ' The
M
192 Voyages «/ & En
1 579*
Stephens. ^ Th E VOYAGE.
The Fleet fets out from Lilbon. Arrive on the Coafl
of Guinea. Pafs the Line. Methods of Sail¬
ing. Signs at Sea. Sharks. Flying Fijh. Cape
of Good Hope. Courfes to India. Outward
raff age. Are driven by Currents. Signs -of
Land. They arrive at Goa.
R. STEPHENS begins his Letter by
obferving, that he left Italy, and arrived
at Lisbon the End of March , eight Days before
the Departure of the Fleet, confifting of five
Ships; which would have failed long before, if
fome Matters of Moment had not delayed them :
Infomuch, that there were others appointed to go
in their Places ; that (as he expreffesit) the King’s
Provifion and theirs alfo might not be in vain in
the Ships. Befides Sailors and Soldiers, there was
a great Number of Children, who bore the Sea
better than the Men, as, he obferves alfo, many
Women do.
Set out from The fourth of April , [1579] the Ships de-
Li/bon. parted for Goa, under the Sound of Trumpets,
and Difcharge of Ordnance ; for they go in a
warlike Manner. The tenth, they came in Sight
of Porto Santo , near the Madeira , where an Eng -
UJh Ship attacked theirs, being alone ; but, after
the Exchange of a few Shot, fheered off. He
was forry to fee her fo ill managed, being a very
fine and large Veflel. She went roving about, fo
that they law her again at the Canarie Ifles ;
where, arriving the thirteenth, they had Leifure
to admire the high Mountain [or Pike] Teneriff:
For they wandered between that and Great Ca¬
narie four Days, by Reafon of contrary Winds.
They had fuch bad Weather till the fourteenth
of May, that they defpaired of palling the Cape
of Good Hope that Year.
CeafiofG ui- However, failing between the Coaft of A-
frica and Cape Verde Iflands, without feeing Land,
they arrived at length on the Coaft of Guinea', in
which Parts the Portuguese fuffer fo much by
Heats and Calms, that thsy think themfelves
happy when they have palled it : For fometimes
the Ships do not advance a Step for feveral Days
together, or move fo llowly, that it is as good to
ftand Rill. Along the greater Part of this Coaft,
the Sky is thick and cloudy, and troubled with
Thunder and Lightning ; and with Rain fo un-
wholefome, that if the Water ftand a-while, or
fall on Meat, it produces Worms. They often
faw, thereabouts, a Thing fwimming upon the
Water like a Cock’s Comb, but the Colour much
fairer ; which the Portuguese call, a Ship of Gui¬
nea. It is borne up by a Thing, in Colour and
Bignefs, like the Swimmer of a Filh, that Ihoots
out Strings underneath, which faves it from turn-
nea.
glish to Guinea,
a ing over. This Thing is fo poifonous, that it is 1579,
very dangerous to touch it. Stephens,
On this Coaft they fpent no lefs than thirty
Days, between the fifth Degree of Latitude, and fff *
the Equator, which they palled on the thirtieth.
In their Way thence to the Cape, they found
fuch frequent Calms, that the molt experienced
Sailors wondered at it. This happened in Places
fubje<St to continual Storms; and was very trou-
blefome to large Ships, which require brifk Gales,
b and fail fmoothly with Winds, that grievoully tofs
leffer Veffels. From the Line, Ships cannot go
the Ihorteft Way to the Cape, but always draw
as near the South as they can, to get into the
Latitude thereof, which is 350. 30'. and then
fteering Eaftward, compafs the Point. But the
Wind ferved the Fleet fo well, that in thirty-
three Degrees, they failed direffly for the Cape.
It being difficult to fail from Eaft to
or from Weft to Eaft, becaufe there is no fixed failing,
c Point in the Sky, whereby Ships may dire& their
Courfe, Mr. Stephens obferves, that, to fupply this
Defe&, the Navigators note down every 'Sign
that appears in the Air or Sea ; and partly by their
own Experience, in computing what Way a Ship
will make with any Wind, and partly by the
Books and Journals of others, they guefs in what
Longitude they are : For of the Latitude, they
are always fure. But the belt Method of all, in
his Opinion, is to mark the Variation of the
d Needle, which at St. Michael , one of the Azores,
in the Latitude of Lisbon , points due North ; and
thence varies to the Eaft fo much, that betwixt
that Ifland and the Cape, it differs three or four
Points. At Cape das Agulias, a little beyond that
of Good Hope , it returns again to the North ; and
Eaftwards of that Place it varies again to the
Weft, as it did before, proportionally.
As to the Signs, Mr. Stephens obferves, that %«<«,$
the nearer they approached the Coaft of Africa ,
e the more ftrange Kinds of Fowl appeared. At
thirty Leagues Diftance from it, and 200 Miles,
as they computed it, from any Ifland, above
3000 of various Kinds followed their Ship ; fome
of them fo large, that their Wings, when ex¬
tended, according to the Sailors Report, ftretch*
ed above feven Spans. They could not want
good Subfiftence, being all very fat. The Por¬
tuguese name each Kind from fome Property :
As, Rujh-Tails , becaufe their Tails are long and
f fmall, like a Rulh ; others, Forked-Tails , from
their being broad and forked. Some are called
Velvet-Sleeves, becaufe they have Wings of the
Colour [or Appearance] of Velvet, and bend
them as a Man bends his Elbow. This Bird is
always welcome, for he appears neareft the Cape.
In all calm Places near the Line, they obferv-
cd Filhes, called Tuberones [or Sharks] near
fix
i579
Stephen*.
fyirg.Tijb.
and to the East
fix Foot long, which followed their Ship to catch
fuch Things as fell over-board. Nothing comes
amifs to them: For they devour even Men ; and
if they find any Meat hanging by a Rope in
the Sea, they take it for their own. Theie are
waited on continually by iix or (even fmall
Filh, with Cards, blue and green round their
Bodies, which go two or three before him, and
fome on every Side. There are others, which
flick to them, and feem to live upon fuch Super¬
fluities as grow about their Bodies : They are faid
alfo to enter into their Bellies, in order to purge
them in cafe of need. T he Sailors ufed to eat
them, before they faw them devour Men ; how¬
ever they catch as many as they can, with great
Hooks, and kill them in Revenge. They faw
none of thefe Tuberons out of the torrid Zone.
There is another Fifh, near as big as a
Herring, which hath Wings, and flies. They
keep in great Numbers together, and have two
Indies.
193
After pafling the Cape of Good Hope , there 1 579'
are two Ways to India ; one within the Ifle of Stephens.
St. Laurence: Which is mod coveted, becaufe1-
they refrefh themfelves at Mozambik , for j
night or a Month, not without great Need ; and
thence in a Month more Land at Goa. The o-
ther is without that Ifland, and is taken when
they fet out fo late, or come fo late to the Capey
that they have not Time to go to Mozambik:
When this proves to be the Cafe, they proceed
but heavily, becaufethev make no Port in all the
Way. By this long Continuance at Sea, and
want of Food and Water, the Men fail into
fun dry Difeafes : Their Gums fwell, and mud be
cut away; their Legs bloat, and all the Body
becometh fo fore and numbed, that they cannot
ftir either Hand or Foot ; and fo die, through
Weaknefs, as others do of Fluxes and Agues.
This laft Courfe it was their Chance to make ; 0“!™arf
yet, though more than one hundred and fifty
keco in 2re;u numutia j * - => ... n r
Enemies: one in .he Sea called Albncra, as big c were fick , here died not paft twenty-fcven.
.Mr.
as a Salmon, which purfues them with great
Swiftnefs. The poor Fifh, not able to fwim fait,
bv the Motion of his Tail (for he hath no Fins)
lifts himfelf above the Water, by lhutting his
Wing: But flying not very high, the Mocora
either catches him by a great Leap, or follows,
waitin'* till the Fifh being tired, returns into the Degrees North, they
Stephens had his Health all the Way. This Paf-
fage is full of hidden Rocks and Quick-fands, fo
that fometimes they durft not fail by Night : Bur,
by good Luck, they faw nothing, nor ever
found Bottom till they came to the Coaft of In¬
dia. After they had pafled the Line in three
faw Crabs fwim mine or
Cape of
Good Hope
Water* and fo is eafily taken. His other Ene¬
my is the Sea-Crow, who fometimes feizes him
before he falleth.
At length, July the twenty-ninth, they came
to the Cape , fo famous, and feared by all Men,
but found no Tempeft, only a high Sea. Here the
Pilot was a little overfeen tor inflead of pafling
the Cafe, without coming in Sight of Land, by
Help of the ordinary Signs, and foundii „ 'or
Bottom, which is the ufual and fafe Way ; ne,
thinking to have had Wind at Will, fhot fo nigh
« .1 .1 . 1 ry rv V .'m it la o n n f nP
the Water, that were as red as though they had
been boiled. About the eleventh Degree, for
the Space of many Days, more than 10,000
Fifties accompanied their Ship ; whereof they
caught fo many as ferved them for fifteen Da) s.
The Supply was very welcome : For at this Time
they had fcarce any Provifion left ; the Voyage,
which is performed commonly in five Months,
the inner Way, having continued near feven.
These Fifties were not a Sign of Land, but Driven by
rather of deep Sea. At length they took a Couple c"rm“2-
SSSTffWU South. - . or BW* a Kirf of Hawks ^ ,
Waves being exceeding
great,
led within fix Miles of Cape das Agulias , in Iefs
than fourteen Fathom Water, and there Rood as
utterly call: away: For underneath were huge
Rocks, fo ftiarp and cutting, that no Anchor
could hold the Ship ; the Shoar fo evil, that no¬
thing could take Land; and the Land itfelf fo
the Ship was rol- e joiced, thinking they had been of India ; but
they proved to be of Arabia , being then near
Z ocotora, an Ifle in the Mouth of the Red-Sea :
There great Winds from the North -Eaft, or
North North-Eaft, fpringing up, they, with
RehuTance, bare towards the Eaft ; and thus
went ten Days, without feeing Sign of Land.
full of Tigers and lavage People, who kill all
-Strangers, "that they had no Hope left. How¬
ever, after they had loft Anchors, and werehoift-
ing up the Sails to get into fome fafer Part of f
the Coaft, there luckily fprung a Gale from Land,
which drove them out to Sea. T he Day follow7-
ing, coming to a Place, wheie Ships are always
ufed to catch Fifh, they tcok fo many as ferved
their Crew that Day, and Part of the next.
One of them pulled up a huge Piece of Coral,
w hich grows like Stalks upon the Rocks, at the
Bottom of the Sea, and waxes hard and red.
Vcl. I. N° IX. C
*&
By this Time they were made fenfible of their
Error, for they had direfted their Courfe before
always North-Eaft, coveting to multiply Degrees
of Latitude. Into this Danger they were drawn,
partly by the Variation of the Needle; but molt
of all by the Currents, which at that Time ran
North-Weft. However, this Wind at length in-
creafing, reftoted ’em to their right Courfe. I hefe
Currents deceive moft of the Governors [or Mat¬
ters] and fome, trufting to ordinary Experience,
feek not, either by the Compafs, or any other
Method, to know when they fwerve.
The
c
1^4 “ Cruizing V o Y A
1585. The firft Sign of Land, were certain Fowls, ;
-^v~— J which they knew to be of India ; the next.
Sure Signs Boughs of Palms and Sedges ; the third, Snakes
if Ljnd. fwimming on the Water, and a Subftance which
they call by the Name of a Piece of Money,
broad and round as a Groat, naturally (lamped
like fome Coin. Thefe two laft Signs prove fo
certain, that the next Day, if the Wind ferve,
they fee Land ; as they did to their great Joy,
when all their Water (for you mull know they
make no Beer in thofe Parts) and Victuals began
to fail.
Arrive at They got to Goa the twenty-fourth of Gtto-
Goa* her , and were received with great Charity. The
g e s of the English
People are tawny, but not disfigured in their Lips 1585
and Nofes, like the Moors and Kafrs. Almoftc—
all, that are not People of Subftance, go naked,
with only an Apron before them, a Span long,
and as much in Breadth, w’ith a Lace, two Fin¬
gers broad, tied about them with a String. ^ Mr,
Stephens deferred fpeaking of the Fruits and Trees,
having feen none like thofe of Europe , but the
Vine, which there comes to nothing: So that all
the Wines are brought from Portugal , except
) that of the Palm-tree, or Cocoa ; which, toge¬
ther with Water, are the Drinks ufed in the
Country.
C H A P. X.
Containing f ine Naval Expeditions , and Cruizing V oyages, againjl the Spaniards
and Portugueze.
IntroduBm. TT O R ^ant °f a continued Series of trading <
Jp Voyages to Guinea , we (hall here infert an
Account of two or three remarkable Achieve¬
ments of the Englijh againft the Spaniards and
Portugueze : Who, being greatly alarmed to find
our Merchants extended their Commerce, and
traded to thofe Parts of the World, which they
pretended a Right of engrafting to themfelvcs, be¬
gan to treat their Ships very feverely, wherever/
they had the Superiority ; and when they wanted
Force, endeavoured to furprife them by Trea¬
chery, never ferupling to violate the moll folemn
Oaths and Engagements to compafs their Defigns :
Of which the foregoing Voyages afford fome Ex¬
amples. The Englijh Merchant-Ships, for this
Reafon, were obliged to fet out armed, and in
Company: By which Means, they not only pre¬
vented the Outrages of thofe faithlefs Enemies,
but often revenged the Injuries they did others
of their Countrymen. At length, the Refentment
of the Nation being inflamed by their repeated
Treacheries and Depredations, they began to fend
out Fleets on purpofe to annoy their Coafts, and
oifturb their Navigation. Of thefe Proceedings
we propofe, in this Chapter, to give our Rea¬
ders two or three Inttances, which may (hew the
noble Spirit that prevailed among us in thofe
Times.
SECT. I.
The gallant Behaviour and Efcape of the Primrofe
ef London, from Bilbao in Bifcay : Carrying off
the Corrigidor of the Province , and ninety ~J even
Spaniards, in 1585.
H E Primrofe , a Ship of 150 Tons, having
caft Anchor, without the Bay of Bilbao ,
on IVedneflay the twenty-fifth of May ; two Days
after her Arrival, there came a Spanijh Pinnace
on board, w’ith the Corrigidor, and fix others,
feeming to be Merchants of the Country. They
brought Cherries with them, and fpoke very
friendly to Mr. Fofer, the Mafter ; who very
courteoufly welcomed them, and made them the
beft Cheer he could, with Beer, Beef, and Bif-
ket. During the Entertainment, four of. the
feven going back again to Bilbao in the Pinnace,
the other three flayed, and were very pleafant
for the Time : Yet the Mafter, fufpicious of
fome bad Deiign, told his Mind to foir.e of the
S’# >’s Crew; however, he took no Notice of it
to his Guefts, nor feemed, in the leaft, to have
any Diftruft of them. Prefently after, they per¬
ceived a Ship's Boat advancing towards them,,
wherein were feventy Perfons, Merchants, and
the like ; and a little behind, the Pinnace, with
twenty-four more. As foon as they came to the
Side of the Primrofe , the Corrigidor, with three
or four of his Men, went on board ; but Mr.
Fofer , feeing l’uch a Multitude, defired, that no
more might enter his Ship, which was- agreed to :
Yet the Spaniards, not regarding the' Article, im¬
mediately followed their Leader, with their Ra¬
piers, and other Weapons ; bringing a Drum alfo,
to found their Triumph over the Englijh.
They immediately took Pofleflion of every The Siq
Thing in a tumultuous Manner : Some planted pixed.
themielves under the Deck, fome entered the Ca¬
bins, and others looked about for their Prey. Then
the Corrigidor, having an Officer with him, who
bore a white Rod in his Hand, fpoke thus to the
Mafter of the Ship ; Yield your f elf for you are the
King's Prifoner, Hereupon the Mafter laid to his
Men,
Spanifh
‘ i teasbery.
FLYING -FISH and! ti* Enemie
.
V: »•
, i •. .
-j •*
>
■ • • I
V ■ ‘ ■ ;
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- ' iff
a am . i ■ V
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h ■ r-h A -to: tq d ■ : ir ■ •;{>;
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-
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oU l px. : V- 'i
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i •, /.re; . •
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■
<5 8S-
Brave Re -
ffar.ee.
The Spa¬
niards^’.
to the Ijlamis oj
Men, We art betrayed. Forthwith, fome of the
Spaniards fet Daggers to his Breaft, making a
Shew, as if' they would kill him ; which put him
into a terrible Confternation, as well as the Ship’s
Crew, who concluded, they fliould all be in-
ftantly flain. Their Intent, however, was not
to murder, but bring them to Shore. However,
fome of them roufed by the Danger they faw the
Matter was in ; and reflc&ing, that they could
hope for nothing but prefent Death, if once they
landed among the Spaniards , 'they refolved to
refeue themfelves out ot their Hands, or die in
the Attempt.
This Refolution was no fooner taken, but
they immediately laid hold of their Javelins,
Lances, Boar-Spears, and Hre-Arms, which they
had fet in Readinefs before ; encouraging one ano¬
ther to exert their Valour. They had five Ca-
livers ready charged, which was all their imad
Shot. Of a fudden, thofe that were under the
Hatches, let fly at the Spaniards , who were over
their Heads ; which f'o amazed them, that the}
could hardly tell which Way to run, imagining,
the Englijb were much better provided with Pow¬
der and Shot than was the Cafe : Others dealt about
them fo courageoufly with their cutting Weapons,
that they d Tabled two or three Spaniards at every
Stroke. Hereupon, fome of them defireo the
Matter to command his Men to hold their Hands :
But he anfwered, that fuch was the Refolution
of the EngliJJ), in their own Defence, that they
would flay them, and him too, if he fhould pio-
pofe the Thing to them.
By this Time, their Blood ran in Streams a-
bout the Ship : Some of them were (hot in between
the Legs, the Bullets llluing forth at their Broad ;
others had their Heads cloven with Swords; others
were thruft through the Body with Pikes, and
many of the rett grievoufly wounded ; fo tnat
they began to run out fatter than they came in.
Such was theirHurry and Confufion, in endeavour¬
ing to efcape, that they rather tumbled, or threw
themfelves over-board, with their V* eapons in
their Hands, than went off; fome falling into the
Sea, and others getting into their Boats, making
all the Hafte they could towards the City. And
this is.to.be noted, that although a great Number
of them came thither, only a fmall Company of
them returned ; neither is it known, how many
were flain or drowned. Of the Englijb, no more
than one was flain, (whofe Name was John
Trijlram) and fix hurt. After all, it was diimal
to behold, how the Spaniards lay fwimming in
the Sea, and were not able to favc tneir Lives,
Fourof them, laying Hold of the Ship, were, for
Fity, taken up again by Mr. Fcjler , and his Men,
not knowing who they were : And having ha
Azores, &c. j95
a fome Wounds, were drefled by the Surgeon ot the 1 5^5*
Ship. One of them happened to be the Corrigi- -y~«- J
dor himfelf, who is Governor of an hundred Jjjj'
Towns and Cities in Spain-, his Income, by bis ti)cntafic„t
Office, being better then fix hundred Pounds
yearly. All the Spaniards had their Bofoms fluf¬
fed with Paper to defend them from the Shot.
This Skirmiih happened in the Evening, about
fix o’Clock, after they had unladen above twenty
Ton of Goods ; which were delivered by John
b Barrel , and John Brodbank , two belonging to
the Ship, who, being on Shore, were apprehend¬
ed, and detained.
Thus twenty-eight Englijhmen, by tneir va- .n.r-.-tfa
lour, triumphed over ninety- feven Spaniards faw-fon-.
After which, concluding it would be imprudent
to continue any longer on that Coatt, they fet
fail, and arrived fafely in England , near London ,
with the reft of the Goods, on ' Wednejday the
eighth of June, the fame Year. In the Way
c home, the 'Spaniards , who were in their Cuftody,
offered five hundred Crowns to be fet on Shore in
any Place: But finding the Matter would by
no Means confent, they were fatisfied to remain
Prifoners, and craved Mercy at their Hands.
Being afked, by Mr. Fader, why they came in
that Manner to betray and deftroy them ? The Cor-
rio;idor anfwered, that it was not done of theii
own Accord, but bv exprefs Command of tire
King himfelf: And calling for his Stockings,
d which were wet, he took out the Commiffion,
dated at Barcelona the twenty-ninth of May, 15S5,
by which he was authorized to a 61 as he had done,
the Purport of it 3 is as follows :
The King having acquainted the Licentiat Tie Purprt
deEfcobar , Corrigidor of his Lordfliip of Bifcay,tkereof'
that he had ordered a great Fleet to be fitted out in
the Port of Lisbon , and River of Sevil ; and that
Tranfports, Armour, Provifions, and Ammuj
nition, were wanted for the Soldiers, who were
e to be imbarked for that Service : He then re¬
quires him, the faid EJ'cobar , immediately, upon
the Receit of this Commiffion, to leize all the
Shipping that were then, or at any I ime after¬
wards, to be found on the Coatt, and in the Ports
within his Jurifdidtion, belonging to Holland, Ze-
land , Eajlerland, Germany , England, and other
Provinces in Rebellion againjl him ; excepting thofe
of France , which being little and weak, were un¬
fit for the Purpofe, He is ordered to make this
f Seizure with all the Secrecy and Diffimulation
that he was Matter cf ; and to have the Merchan¬
dizes, Arms, Munition, 1 aokie. Sails, and V ic-
ttials, all fafely lodged, and Care taken, that
none of the Ships or Men efcape ; alfo, to fend
him Notice by an Exprefs of his Proceedings j
with an Account of the Number cf die Ships
A Tranflatior. from the Spaiifi Original is inferted at the End of the Narrati ve in Hatkyt,
C c 2
taken.
196
Cruizing Voyages of the English
1586. taken, which of bis Rebels they belong to, their
Whiddpn, Burden, Goods, Ordnance, and all other Fur-
niture ; to the End, Choice might be made of
thofe which were mod fit for the intended Ex¬
pedition.
In7 the above-mentioned Achievement, the
great Courage ot the Matter in refilling, though
in the Hands of the Spaniards , to bid his Men
give over, and loving Hearts of the Servants to
fave their Matter, is worthy Praife and Imita¬
tion. For his Part, by going fo far to fave the
Owners Goods, he was obliged to forfake the Spa-
rdjh Trade : For fbould he, or any of the Men,
have ventured on thofe Coafts again, and been
known, they would have tatted the fharp Tor¬
ments of the Holy Houfe [or Inquifition .] It is
well known to the Spaniards themfelves, that
the Englijh did not deferve fuch Treatment at
their Hands, they having always behaved towards
them with Love and Friendfhip, and their Ships
been favourable to thofe of Spain , and ready to
ferve their King. As for his {tiling the Englijl)
Rebels againft him, it is to be confidered only as
an Inftance of the Excefs of Spanijh Pride and
Folly.
SECT. II.
A Crazing Voyage to the Azores, with two Pin¬
naces , by Captain Whiddon, in 1586.
Written by John Evefham, Gent.
THE tenth of June, 1586, they departed
from Plymouth a wTith two Pinnaces ; the
Serpent of thirty-five Tons, and the Mary Spark
of Plymouth, fifty Tons, both belonging to Sir
l 'Valter Ralegh , Knight. They firft directed their
Courfe towards Spain, and from thence to the
Ides of the Azores. In their Way, they took a
fmall Burk, (laden with Sumacke, and other
'fake the Go- Commodities) wherein was the Governor of St.
terror; of St. Michael’s Ifland, a Portugueze, having other Por-
Midutl s, tugueze and Spaniards aboard.
From thence they failed to thelttand of Gra-
ciofa, lying Weft of Tercera, where they deferied
a Sail ; and bearing with her, found her to be a
Spaniard. The Englijh at firft, not much re¬
garding whom they took, fo they did but enrich
themfelves, to which End they fet out ; and be¬
ing unwilling it (hould be known what Nation
they were of, difplayed a white Silk Enfign in
their Main-top. T his the Spaniards perceiving,
they took them for the King of Spain’s Armadas,
laying in wait for Englijh Men of War: But when
they came within Shot of her, they let fall then-
white Flag, and difplayed the Crofs of St. George ;
which as foon as the Spaniards faw, they made off 1586.
as fair as they could. But all their Hafte was in Whiddon.
vain ; for the Englijh Ships, being betteY Sailors,
gained Ground of them faft. The Spaniards And the
finding they could not efcape, threw their Ord- Streights tf
nance and fmall Shot, with many Letters, andMa5«Hi*n*
the Draft of the Streights of Magelan, into the
Sea, and prefently after were taken. There was,
on board her, Pedro Sarmiento, a Spaniard , Go¬
vernor of the Streights of Magelan ; whom they
brought into England, and prefented to the
Queen.
After they had lain off and on the IflandsTa^i dree
for feme Time, they deferied another Sail, and^'i55
bearingafter her, their Admiral fprung her Mam¬
in aft : Yet, in the Night, the Vice-Admiral took
her, being laden with Fifh from Cape Blank.
This Ship they let go again, for Want of Men
to bring her home. Next Day, they difeovered
two Sail more, the one a Ship, and the other a
Caravel, to whom they gave Chafe. The Veftels
made all the Speed they could to a Fort on the
Ifle of GracioJ'a , under which they came to An¬
chor. As they had the Wind, the Englijl) Ships
could not come at them : But having a fmall
Boat, which they called, a Light- horfeman, they
put in nine Men, one a Mulketeer, (who was
the Author) four with Calivers, and four to row.
Thus they advanced againft: the Wind ; which,
when thofe in the Ship faw, they made hafte to
carry what they could of their Merchandize on
Land, whither alfo the Men retired. As foon as
the Englijh came within Mufket-Shot, they be¬
gan to difeharge both great and fmall Shot. Our
Men returned the Compliment, and in the End
boarded one Ship, wherein was no Man left : So
they cut her Cables, hoifted her Sails, and fent
her away with two Men.
The other feven then advancing nearer the 'With a Best
Shore, boarded the Caravel, which rid fo iiear"^ ntn<
the Land, that the People threw Stones at them.Mc"‘
Vet, in Spite of all Oppofttion, they took her,
with one Negro on board ; and cutting her Ca¬
bles in the Hawfe, hoifted her Sails : But being
becalmed under the Land, they were conftrained
to tow her out with their Boats ; the People from
the Fort, and on the Shore, to the Number of
about one hundred and fifty, ftill fhootin<* at
them with Mufkets and Calivers. The EngUp
anfwered them with the few Arms they had ;
and the Author had the Luck to kill the Gunner
of the Fort with a Crofs-bar Shot, with which he
charged his Mufket, as he was levelling one of
his Cannon : And thus they parted from them,
without any Lofs or Hurt on their Side. Havin'*
now, in their Pofteffion, five Ships, they difeharg-
* This is taken from Hakluyt' s Collection, Vol. 2. part 2. p. 120.
ed
1 1 5$6.
'■\Vhidcion.
Meet the
,panifhC7<j/-
| CONS.
'Fight and
7 tut them,
Ter Want c
Pezvdcr,
"•
lading if
[lie Prizes.
to the IJlandi of Azores, &c.
without hurting her. a
cd that laden with the Fifo,
From one of the others, they took her Main-
maft to replace the Admiral’s ; and then putting
into her all the Spaniards and Poriugueze, except¬
ing Pedro Sarmiento , with three other of the prin¬
cipal Men, and two Negros, they difmiffed her
in Sight of Land, with Bread and Water fuffi-
cient for ten Days.
After this, they fhaped their Courfe for
England y and being off the Iilands, in the Lati¬
tude of fortv-one Degrees, one of the Men i
defcried a Sail from the Top, then ten Sail, and
at laft fifteen. Hereupon it was concluded to
ftnd heme their Prizes, leaving, in both the Pin¬
naces, not above fixty Men. This done, they
made up to the Fleet they had defcried, and found
it to confift of twenty-four Sail of Ships : Whereof
two were Caracs, one of twelve hundred, the
other of a thoufand Tons ; ten Galleons, and the
red fmall Ships and Caravels, all laden with Trea-
fure. Spices and Sugars. For all this great Supe¬
riority, they attacked the Fleet with their two
Pinnaces; and fought them continually for twen¬
ty-two Hours: But the two Caracs kept ffill be¬
twixt them and the other Ships. So that being
unable, for that Time, to come at them ; and
/■falling in Want of Powder, they were forced, on
that Account, to quit them greatly againft their
Wills, having otherwife been abfolutely deter¬
mined to take fome of them before they departed.
In this defperate Attempt, they loft none of their
Men. Grieved at this Difappotntment, they con¬
tinued their Voyage for Englandy and arrived at
Plymouth within fix Hourt after their Prizes,
which were fent away forty Hours before them :
They were received with a kind of triumphant
Joy by all the Inhabitants of the down and
Country thereabout: Several Pieces of Cannon
were foot off ;o welcome them; which courte-
fy they returned with the Powder they had left.
From thence they brought their Prizes loSouthamp-
ton ; where Sir Walter Ralegh , who was their
Owner, rewarded them with their Shares. They
were laden with Sugars, Elephants Teeth, Wax,
Hides, Rice, Brazil, and Cufer. The Truth of
what has been above related, was ready to be at-
tefted not only by the Writer, John Eve/kaniy
but alfo by Captain Whiddon a, Thomas Rainfordy
Benjamin Woody William Coopery Mafter, Wiliam
Corrsijh, Mafter, Thomas Drakey Corporal, John
Laddy Gunner, William Warefieldy Gunner,
Richard Moony John Drew , Richard Cooper of
Harwich , William Beares of Ratcliff' , John Row
of Saltajh ; and many others.
SECT. III.
A Voyage to Cadiz, and the Azores, in 1587, by
Sir Francis Drake : Wherein a hundred Ships
j.
were dejlroyed ; and a large Caracy from the Eaft-
Indies, with other Vejfcls b, taken.
THE Queen being informed, that mighty The Fleet
naval Preparations were carrying on in/ffs ouU
Spain y for the Invafton of England , by Advice of
her Council, thought it expedient to prevent the
fame : Whereupon foe caufed a Fleet of thirty
Sail to be rigged and furnifoed, with all Things
neceflary, under the Command of Sir Francis
Drake , (of whofe Ability and Zeal, for her Ser¬
vice, fhe had often had fufficient Proof.) Among
thefe Ships, were four Men of War, the Bona-
venture y wherein Sir Francis went as General ;
: the Liony under the Conduct of Mr. William Bo¬
rough , Controller of the Navy ; the Dreadnought ,
Thomas Fenner y Captain ; and the Rain-bow ,
Henry Bellingham , Captain. To thefe were added,
two of her Pinnaces, as Tenders, befides certain
tall Ships belonging to London ; of whofe good Ser¬
vice, the General made particular Mention in his
private Letters to her Majefty.
This Fleet fetting Sail in April from the Sound Arrive* at
of Plymouth , towards the Coaft of Spain , the CadlZ'
d fixteenth met, in the Latitude of forty Degrees,
with two Ships of Middleboroughy which came
from Cadiz . By thefe they underftood, that
there was great Store of warlike Provilion at Ca-
dizy and thereabout, ready to depart for Lisbon,
Upon this Information the General haftened thi¬
ther with all Speed poflible, and on the nineteenth
entered the Harbour of Cadiz with his Fleet,
which were immediately attacked, over- againft the
Town, by fix Galleys ; but they quickly gave it
e over, and retired under theFortrefs. There were,
in the Road, fixty Ships, and divers other fmall
Veffels under the Caftle. About twenty French
Ships fled to Port Real , and fome Spanijh Veffels,
that might pafs the Shoals. At their firft Enrry,
they funk, with their Cannon, a Ship of Ra-
guzc 7, of a thoufand Tons, furnifoed with forty
Pieces of Brafs, and very richly laden. There
came two Galleys more from Port St.Mary'sy and
two from Port Real, which foot fmartly at the
f EngliJ, h ; but foon fheered off, well beaten for their
Pains, without doing them any Harm.
Before Night, they had taken thirty of thesij/j
faid Ships, and became Mafters of the Road, in ftnyedand
taken.
a We have, upon the Preemption of this Circumihnce, attributed the Voyage to Mr. Wbiddotrm the Title:
We alfo call it a cruzing Voyage, to diftinguifh it from thofe undertaken folelv or principally on Account of
Trade. b This Narrative, or brief Relation, as it is called, is in Hakluyt' s Collection, Vol. 2. part z.
p. 1 2 1 . and feems
It is not unlike Sir Walter Ralegh's Manner
b This Narrative, or brief Relation, as it is called, is in IJak/uyt's Collection, \
to have been taken from a Letter, written by one, who was in the Expedition,
to his Friend.
Spight
tg%
I;5^7*
Drake.
Cruizing V o Y
.Damage
tlont.
The Gall '
quieted*
A G E
Spight of the Galleys, which were glad to re- a
tire under the Fort. Among the Ships, there
was one new Velfel, of an extraordinary Huge-
nefs, being above twelve hundred Tons Burthen :
It belonged to the Marquefs of Santa Cruz , who
was, at that Time, High Admiral of Spain . live
others were great Ships of B if cay ; of which they
fired four as they were taking in the King’s Pro-
vifionof Victuals for his Fleet at Lisbon. The fifth
was a Ship about a thoufand Tons, laden with
Iron Spikes, Nails, Iron Hoops, Horfe-fhoes, and b
other like Neceflaries for the IVe/l- Indies. They
alio took a Ship of two hundred and fifty Tons,
laden with Wines for the King’s Ufe; which
they carried out to Sea, and having removed the
Wines, fet her on Fire ; three Fly-boats, of
three hundred Tons a-piece, laden with Bifcuit,
whereof one was half unladen by them in the Har¬
bour, and there fired ; the other two they car¬
ried to Sea. They fired likewife ten other Ships,
which were laden with Wine, Railins, Figs, C
Oils, Wheat, and the like. In fhort, the whole
Number of Ships and Barks then burnt, funk,
and brought away, amounted to thirty at the
leaft, being about ten thoufand Tons of Shipping.
There were, in Sight of them, about forty Ships,
befides thofe that fled from the Port.
They found but little Eafe during their Stay
there, by Reaion they Plot without IntermifTion,
from the Galleys, the FortrefTes, and the Shore ;
planting new Ordnance continually at Places con- d
venient for annoying them : Befides the Inconve¬
nience they buffered from their Ships ; which,
v/hen they could defend them no longer, they fet
on Fire, and fent them among the Englifto Fleet :
So that when the Flood came, they were not a
little puzzled how to fhelter themfelves from the
terrible Fire of the Enemy. However, the Sight
gave them Pleafure, becauie they were there¬
by eafed of a great Labour, which lay upon them
Day and Night, of unloading the Vidluals and o- c
ther Provifions out of their Ships into ours. Thus,
by the invincible Courage, and Induftry of the Ge¬
neral, this furprifing and happy Enterprize was at-
thieved in one Day and two Nights ; to the great
Aftonilhment of the King of Spain , and Pieart¬
breaking of the Marquefs of Santa Cruz , his High
Admiral, who never enjoyed onepleafant Day af¬
ter : But within few Months, (as may juflly be
fuppofed) died of extreme Grief and Sorrow.
Having performed this notable Service, and f
J victualled themfelves with Bread and Wine for
Several Months, at the Enemy’s Coff, they left
the Road of Cadiz on Friday Morning, the twenty-
firfl: of the fame Month, with fo very inconfider-
ahle a Lofs, that it is not worth mentioning.
When they were gone, ten of the Gallevs that
were in the Road, came out after them, as it
s of the Englis h.
were, to brave them, and make fome Paftune 1/587.
with their Ordnance. At the fame Time, the Drake.
Wind happening to fall, they tacked about again, -v-
and flood in with the Shore, coming to Anchor
within a League of the Town ; where the faid
Galleys, for all their former Bragging, at length
fuffered them to ride quietly.
1 n this Engagement, they had Experience of
Galley Fight : Wherein the Author affures his
Friend, (to whom this Account was written) that
only thele four Men of W ar would mafter twenty
Galleys; provided they were alone, and not bull¬
ed to guard others. No Galleys could ever have
more Advantage from the Difpofition of the Har¬
bour to fight with Ships : For our Fleet rode in a
narrow Gut, the Place yielding no more Room ;
and were obliged to maintain the fame, till - they
had unloaded and fired the Ships, which could
not conveniently be done, but at Flood ; at which
Time, they might drive clear of them.
The General having difpatched Captain Crofs Spoil at Cap t
into England with his Letters, giving an Account Sacre.
of this firft Enterprize, the Fleet fhaped its Courfe
towards Cape Sacre ; and in their W ay thither,
took, at feveral Times, near an hundred Ships,
Barks, and Caravels, laden with Hoops, GaMey
Oars, Pipe-Staves, and other Materials, for fur-
ni filing the King’s Fleet, intended againft Eng¬
land : All which they burned; having dealt fa¬
vourably with the Men, and fent them on Shore.
They alfo fpoiled and confirmed all the Fiflier-
boats and Nets thereabouts, to their great Detre-
ment, and doubtlef3, Ruin of their rich Tunny
Fifhery for that Year. At length, arriving at
Cape Sacre , they went on Land : When the bet¬
ter to enjoy the Benefit of the Place, and ride
fecurely in Port, they attacked the Cafile, and
three other ftrong Holds; which they took, fome
by Storm, and lome by Surrender.
Thence they came before the Haven of Lis- challenge at
bon , anchoring near Cafcais , where the Marquefs Litbon.
of Santa Cruz was with his Galleys ; yet did not
ftir an Inch to oppofe them, although they chaced
his Ships aftiore, and carried away his Barks and
Caravels before his Face ; But fuffered them both
to flay there, and depart quietly, without firing
a Gun. The General, to try his Mettle, fent
him Word, that he was come there to exchange
a few Balls with him : But the Marquefs refufed
his Challenge ; and returned for Anfwer, that
lie was not then ready for him, nor had any fuch
Commiflion from Ins King.
Sir FRA NC IS, finding no more good was , -w Caw*
to be done in the Th/s, thought it nor proper to taken.
fpend ionger Tune upon this Coaft ; and there¬
fore, with Confent of the chief of his Officers,
ftiaped his Courfe toward the illes of the Azores.
Within twenty or thirty Leagues of St. Michael ,
at
5
Voyages of the Engl
jc88. it was i1JS S00ci Fortune to meet with a Portu-
Weiih. gueze Carak, called Sant Philip ; being the fame
Ship which had carried the three Princes of Japan,
that were in Europe , back to the Indies. Having
taken this Prize, without any great Refiftance,
he put the People belonging to her, into certain
Veffels, well furnifhed with Victuals, and fent
them courteoufly home into their Country. This
was the firft Carak that ever was taken corning
from the Eajl Indies ; which the Portugueze\\t\<\
for a bad Omen, becaufe the Ship bare the King’s
Name a.
The Wealth of this Prize, appearing to the
whole Company, fufficient to reward every Man
for his Service in this Expedition, they all re-
folved to return for England : Accordingly, they
bending their Courfe homeward, the whole Fleet
arrived'" at Plymouth the fame Summer ; bringing
with them this rich Booty, to the great Advan-
i »
\Vf ifii.
IQ9
i s h ^ Guinea,
r tage, as well as Glory of themfelves, and Admi¬
ration of the whole Kingdom.
Here it may be proper to obferve, that the
taking of this Carak, wrought two extraordina-
ry Efte&s in England: Firft, by convincing Peo- ju Voyage.
pie, that Caraks were not fuch Bugbears, but
that they might be overcome as well as other
Ships : And this has been farther proved finer, in
taking the Madre de Dios , and firing and finking
others. Secondly, in bringing the Nation more
b generally acquainted with the prodigious Wealth
of the Eajl Indies , and the particular Commodi¬
ties it produces: By which, both they, and their
Neighbours of Holland , who are no Way inferior
to the Portugueze , either in Courage or Skill in
Navigation, have been encouraged to fhare with
them in the Eajl Mies ; where their Strength is
nothing fo great as heretofore hath been fup-
pofed b.
CHAP. XI.
Voyages to Benin beyond Guinea, in ij88, and 1590. Written by James
Wellli, chief Majler in the Vi oyage.
Departure.
do del
)ro.
sect. 1.
Hoe firjl Voyage in 1588. Rio del Oro. Capes
Barbas, Verde, Monte, Rio Seftos, Tabanu.
Cape Ties Puntas. Cajlle del Mina. Monte
Redondo. Villa Longa. Rivers Jay a and
Benin. Trade there. The IVeather. Their
Return by the Azores. The Commodities and
inhabitants of Benin.
THESE Voyages c were fet forth by
Meffieurs Bird and Newton , Merchants of
London , with a Ship called the Richard of Arun¬
del! ', Burthen one hundred Tons, and a Pinnace.
Upon the twelfth of Oftober , weighing from
Ratcliff", they went to Blackwall ; and next Day
failed from thence : But by Reafon of contrary
Winds, and bad Weather, it was the twenty-
fifth before they reached Plymouth ; where they
were unluckily W eather-bound till the fourteenth
of December : When putting to Sea, about Mid¬
night, they were thwart of the Lizard.
THURSDAY, the fecond of January, they
had Sight of the Land near Rio del Oro ; and there
had twenty-two Degrees forty-feven Minutes La¬
titude.
The third of January, they had Sight of c- Barbas,
Cav.s de las Barbas , bearing South-Eaft five
Lea gues off ; the fourth, in the Morning, of the
Crofters ; and the feventh, of Cavo Verde : Where CaPe Ver(^e*
V/eijh found the Latitude fourteen Degrees and
forty-three Minutes, being four Leagues from the
Shore.
FRIDAY, the feventeenth, Cavo de Monte, Cape de
bare of them North North-Eaft : They found- Montei
ed, and had fifty Fathom black Ouze > and
c at two o’Clock, it lav North North-Weft, eight
Leagues off. Cavo Menfurado bare off them Eaft
by South ; and they went North-Faff with the
Coaft. Here the Current fets Eaft South-Eaft
along the Shore. At Midnight they founded, and
had twenty-fix Fathom black Ouze.
The eighteenth, in the Morning, they were
thwart a "Land, much like Cavo Verde , nine
Le agues (as the Author judged) from Cavo Men¬
furado. It is a Hill Saddle-backed ; and there
f are four or five one after another : Seven Leagues
a As if the Capture was more ominous on Account of the King’s Name, than the Saint s. This Para-
graph was added fome Years after by the Author, or fomebody elfe, if not by Hakluyt, (who often throws in ins
own Remarks, without diitinguifhing them from his Author’s) having been obvioufly written after the \ j.nghjh had.
began to fail to the Eajl Indies. c To be found m Hakluyt's Collection, Vol. 2. part 2. p. 12 n
more
200
Voyages of the E n
1588. more to the Southward, they faw a Row of Sad- ;
Veifh. dle-backed Hills ; and from Cavo Menfurado run
G''V”NJ many Mountains.
Rio de The nineteenth, they were thwart Rio dc
Seitos. S 'ftos ; and next Day Cavo dos Baixos was North
and by Weft, they being four Leagues~ofT Shore.
Afternoon, there came a Boat with three Negros,
Tabanu. from a Place (as they fay) called Tabanoo ; and
towards Evening, they were oppofite an Illand,
with a great many fmall Iflands, or Rocks, to
the Southward. The Current came from the
South : They founded, and had thirty-five Fa¬
thoms.
The twcnty-firft, they law a flat Hill, bear¬
ing North North - Eaft of them, being four
Leagues fiom Shore ; and at two o’ Clock, After¬
noon, fpake with a Frenchman , riding hard by a
Place called Ratire ; near which, was another,
called Crua. This Frenchman carried a Letter
from them to Mr. Newton , [one of the Adventu¬
rers :] And as they lay at Hull, while the Letter
was writing, the Current fet them to the South¬
ward, a good Pace along the Shore, South South-
Eaft.
The twenty-fifth, they were in the Height of
the Bay, that is to the Weftward of Capo cletres
Puntas ; the Current fetting Eaft North- Eaft.
The twenty-eighth, they lay fix Glafles a-hull,
tarrying for the Pinnace.
Cape Tres The laft of January , at feven in the Morn-
Puntas. ing, they were up with the middle Part of the
Cape, three Leagues diftant. At eight, the Pin¬
nace came to Anchor; and they found the Cur¬
rent fet to the Eaftward. At fix at Night, the
outermoft Land bare Eaft by South, five Leagues,
they (haping their Courfe South- Weft, and South-
Weft by South.
SA TUR DAY, the fi rft of February, 1588,
they were oppofite a round Foreland, which the
Author took for the Eaftermoft Part of the Cape.
Within the Foreland was a great Bay, and in
that an Bland.
Caft't del The fecond of February, they were up with
Mina. the Caftle of Mina ; and when the third Glafs of
their Look-out was fpent, fpied under their Lar¬
board Quarter, a Boat with certain Negros, and
one Portuguese in it. The Matter would have
had him come aboard, bathe would not. Upon
the high Rocks over the Caftle, they perceived
two Watch-hcufes, (fo they Teemed to them)
which appeared very white : They fleered Eaft
North-Eaft.
The fourth, in the Morning, they were
thwart a great high Hill, (and up in the Land,
there were moie high ragged Hills) but little fliort,
Monte Re- as they reckoned, of Monte Redondq, and twenty
dondo. Leagues South-Eaftvvard from the Mina. At
eleven, the Mafter faw two Hills within Land,
glish to Guinea.
1 feven Leagues from the former; and to the Sea- i/^g.
ward a Bay, at the Eaft End whereof, was an- Weift
other Hill ; the Land from the Hills lying very'-— v
low. Their Courfe was Eaft North-Eaft, and
Eaft by North, twenty-two Leagues ; and then
Eaft along the Shore.
The fixth, they were fhort of Villa Longa, villa Lo
and met with a Portuguese Caravel. Next Day,Sa*
which was fair and temperate, they rode before
Villa Longa. The eighth, at Noon, they fet
b Sail again ; and ten Leagues from thence anchor¬
ed, {laying all that Night in ten Fathom Water.
The ninth, they proceeded along the Shore,
which was bordered with very thick Woods;
and in the Afternoon, were thwart a River, to
the Eaftward of which, a little Way off, was a
great high Tree, fcemingly without Leaves ; At
Night they anchored, the Weather being fair and
temperate.
The tenth, they went Eaft, and Eaft by
South, fourteen Leagues along the Shore ; which
was covered with fuch thick Woods, that, in the
Author’s Judgment, a Man {hould have enough
to do to pafs thiough them. Towards Night,
they anchored in feven Fathom ; the Weaiher
fair.
The eleventh, they failed Eaft by South, and
three Leagues from Shore, had but five Fathom
Water. All the Wood upon the Land was as
even as if it had been cut with Gardeners Sheers.
Running two Leagues, they difeovered a high
Tuft of Trees upon the Brow of a Land, which
{hewed like a Porpoife’s Head ; and when they
came at it, found it was but Part of the Land. A
League farther, they faw a very low Head- land
full of Trees ; and a great Way from the Shore,
meeting with very {hallow Water, they went more
to Sea to avoid the Sands ; and then they anchor¬
ed in the Mouth of the River Jaya, in five Fa- River
thorn Water.
The twelfth, they fent the Pinnace and the
Boat on Land with the Merchants, who returned
not till next Morning. The fhalloweft Part of
this River, is towards the Weft, where there is
but four Fathom and a half ; and it is very broad.
Here the Current fetteth Weftward ; and the
Eaftermoft Land is higher than the Weftermolt.
The thirteenth, they fet Sail, and lay South
South-Eaft along the Shore, where the T rees are
wonderfully even. Having ran eighteen Leagues,
they had Sight of a great. River, and anchored in
three Fathom and a half ; the Current running
Weftward. This is the River of Benin ; and two Rive>
Leagues from Shore it is very {hallow. Ecnir'
The fifteenth, they fent the Boat and Pinnace
into the River with the Merchants ; and be-
caufe they rode in {hallow Water, went South
South-Eaft, till they came into five Fathom. By
this
Voyages of th
1^89. this Time, the Boat returned, from the Harbour,
Wdrti. and went aboard the Pinnace. The Land to the
/Ti'VWeft, was high browed, like the Head of a Gur¬
nard ; that to the Eaft, lower, and had on it
three Tufts of Trees, like Stacks of Corn. Here
they rode from the fourteenth of February , till
the fourteenth of Aprils with the Wind at South-
Well.
The lixteenth of February , the Boat and Pin-
English ^ Guinea,
201
a
1589.
Weifh.
\Tkey enter it
! 0 trade.
f'pptr ar.d
Teeth,
Veather of
3enir.
Mum
01 rewards ,
nace came to them again out of the River, and
told them, that there was but ten Foot Water b
upon the Bar. All that Night was drowfy, and
yet reafonably temperate. On the feventeenth, a
clofe Day, the Wind at South-Weft Hill, the
Merchants put their Goods aboard the Pinnace.
There came a great Current out of the River,
and let to the Weftward. Next Day, they went
with their Goods into the River. The Weather
was clofe and drowfy, with Thunder, Rain, and
Lightning.
The twenty-fourth, the Morning clofe and c
temperate ; in the Afternoon, the Boat came out
of the River from the Merchants. The fourth
of March , a clofe fultry hot Morning, the Cur¬
rent went to the Weftward, and much troubled
Water came out of the River.
The fixteenth, the Pinnace came aboard with
Anthony Ingram a in her, and brought ninety-four
Bags of Pepper, and twenty-eight Elephants
Teeth ; but the Mailer of her, and all his Com¬
pany were-fick. This was a temperate Day, and d
the Wind at South- Weft. The feventeenth,
eighteenth, and nineteenth, were fair temperate
Weather, and the Wind at South-Weft. This
Day, the Pinnace went into the River again, and
carried the Purfer and the Surgeon. 7'he twenty-
fifth, 15S9, they fent the Boat into the River.
The thirtieth, the Pinnace came from Benin ,
and brought one hundred and fifty-nine Cerons,
or Sacks of Pepper, and Elephants 7'eeth ; with
the forrowful News, that Thomas Heinjled was e
dead, and their Captain alfo.
Note , That in all the Time of their abiding
here, in the Mouth of the River Benin , and all
the Coaft thereabout, it was fair temperate Wea¬
ther, when the Wind was at South-Weft ; and
when atNorth-Eaft and Northerly, then it rain¬
ed, with Lightning and Thunder, and was very
intemperate.
The thirteenth of April, in the
they fet Sail homewards, with the Wind at South-
Weft, and Hood Weft and by North: But it
proved calm all that Night ; and the Current ran
South-Eaft. The fourteenth, being feven Leagues
from Shore, the River of Benin was North-
Eaft : There was little Wind all Day; and to¬
wards Night it was calm.
Morning,
7' he feventeenth, a fair temperate Day, the
W ind variable ; and they found the Latitude four
Degrees twenty Minutes. The twenty-fifth, a
Day, altogether like the former; and here they
had three Degrees, and twenty-nine Minutes of
Latitude.
The eighth of May, they had Sight of the Cape dc
Shore, which was Part of Cavo de Monte ; but Monte’
they did not think they had been fofar: This
was occafioned by the Current. In this Place,
Mr. Towrfon was in like Manner deceived. The
ninth, they had Sight of Cavo de Monte. The
feventeenth, a dark drowfy Day ; and in the
Night, the Author faw the North Star ' for
the firft 7'ime. 7'he twenty-fixth, was a tem¬
perate Day, with little Wind ; and they were
in twelve Degrees thirteen Minutes of Latitude.
The thirtieth, they met a great Sea out of the
North-Weft.
7'he fixth of 'June, they found it as tempe¬
rate, as if it had been in England ; and yet they
were within the Height of the Sun : For it was
declined twenty-three Degrees, and twenty-fix
Minutes to the Northward ; and they had fifteen
Degrees of Latitude. 7'he eighth, they had the
fame Sort of Weather; and met with a counter
Sea from the South. 7'he fifteenth, a fair tem¬
perate Day; the Wind variable. They found
the Latitude eighteen Degrees fifty-nine Minutes.
7'he twelfth of July, in thirty Degrees of Rock-weed,
Latitude, they met with great Store of Rock- or Sari<tOUt
weed, which did ftick together like Clufters of
Grapes; and this continued till the feventeenth,
when they were in thirty-two Degrees forty-fix
Minutes, and then faw no more. The twent y-IJles cf
fifth, at fix in the Morning, they had Sight of-420165’
the Ijle of Pike-, bearing North by Eaft fifteen
Leagues off. 7'he twenty- feventh, they fpoke with
the Poft of London, and fhe told them good News
of England. The twenty-ninth, they had Sight
of the Bland of Cuervo ; and next Day faw the
Bland of Flores. 7'he twenty-feventh of Au-
gujl, in forty-one Degrees of Latitude, they faw
nine Sail of Britons ; and were followed by
three of them till Noon, who then gave over the
Chace.
The thirtieth, they had Sight of Cape Fi- Cape Flnlf.
nijlerre. The eighth of September , at Night, ter*
they arrived in Plymouth Sound, and rode in Cast- Plymouth,
fon Bay all Night. The ninth, they put into Cat-
f water, and there ftaid till the twenty-eighth of
September, by Reafon of Sicknefs and Want of
Men. 7'he twenty-ninth, they fet Sail from
Plymouth ; and came to London the lecond of
Oftober, 15S9.
The Commodities that were carried in this £<:«/.>-
Voyage, were Cloth, both Linen and Woollen ■fQrUd te>
a He was chief Fa&or : His Account follows as a Supplement to this.
N° 9. Dd
V 0 L. I,
Iron-
2t>2
1589.
WeHh.
V 0 y A g e s of the English
Iron wot k of fundry Sorts; Manillios, or Brace-
And import¬
ed from
Benin.
Money of
Benin.
nhabitants
turteoui.
Water kept
frejb fx
Months.
iets of Copper, Glafs Beads, and Coral.
The Commodities that they brought home,
were Pepper, and Elephants Teeth, Oil of Palm,
Cloth made both of Cotton, and the Bark of
Palm Trees, very curioufly woven. Their Mo¬
ney is pretty white Shells ; for Gold and Silver
the Englifh faw none. Cotton grows in great
Plenty. Their Bread is [made of] a kind of
Roots; they call it Inamia ; and when it was well
fodden, the Author would leave our Bread for it :
It is pleafant to the Tafte, and light of Digeftion :
The Root is as big as a Man’s Arm. The Eng-
lifhmen , on Fifh Days, had rather eat the Root
with Oil and Vinegar, than good Stock-fifh.
There are Palm Trees numerous ; and the Wine
that comes from them, plenty. It is white, and
very pleafant ; and fo cheap, they could buy two
Gallons for twenty Shells. They have Store of
Soap, which finells like beaten Violets. They
make pretty Mats and Bafkets, which are very
fine ; alfo Ivory Spoons, curioufly wrought with
Figures of Birds and Beafls. The Lightning and
Thunder on this Coaft, is prodigious, and fuch
as the Author never heard in any other Country :
For it would make the Deck, or Hatches, trem¬
ble under their Feet : And before they were well
acquainted with it, the Men were much afraid
of it ; but no Hurt was done thereby.
The People are very gentle and loving : Both
Men and Women go naked till they are married,
and then they are covered from the Middle to the
Knees. The Englifh would buy earthen Pots,
the Quantity of two Gallons, full of Honey and
Honey-combs, for one hundred Shells. They
would alfo bring great Store of Oranges, and
Plantains ; which is the Fruit of a Tree, much
like a Cucumber, but very pleafant to the Palate.
The Author informs us, that he had the Art
to preferve frefh Water ; and that when he came
to Plymouth , the Experiment was made with lit¬
tle Coft, on the fame he brought home, (which
had ferved the Ship for fix Months) by the prin¬
cipal Perfons in that Town, who were much fur-
prifed at it ; and acknowledged, there was
tweeter Water in any Spring about the Place.
not
Rio del Oro
Cape Verde
Table of Latitudes obferved in Sight of
240
J4
47'
43
to Guinea.
River of Benin. Goto Town. Great City of
Benin. The Merchants are kindly received by
the King. Trade thither for Pepper and Teeth. ’
The Men fall fick. Great Mortality. cr'
D if refs in the Way homewards.
1589*
Ingram,
Their
f
SECT. II.
A brief Account of the fame Voyage. Written by
Anthony Ingram, chief Faftor.
E I N G a arrived in the River of Benin ,
on the fourteenth of February , 1588, and
not finding Water enough to carry the Ship over
the Bar, they left her without in the Road ; and
with the Pinnace and Boat, into which they had
put the chief of their Merchandize, wrent up the
River to a Place called Goto , where they arrived Goto Tm-
the twentieth ; being the neareft Place to the
City of Benin they could get to by Water. From
thence they fent Negros to acquaint the King
with their Arrival, and the Caufe of their Com¬
ing. The twenty- fecond, they returned with a
Nobleman to bring them to the City; a rid two
hundred Negros to carry their Commodities.
Hereupon, the twenty-third, they deliver-
ed their Merchandize to the King’s Factor ; andBernn’
the twenty- fifth, came to the great City of Benin ,
where they were very well received. Thetwenty-
fixth, going to Court, in order to have fpoken to
the King, they were difappointed, by Reafon of
a folemn Feaft then kept amongft them. How¬
ever, they talked with his Veadore , or chief
Officer, who tranfadls with the Chrifians con¬
cerning their Trade; and were anfwered, that
they fhould have what Quantity both of Pepper
and Elephants Teeth, they defired.
The firft o i March, they were admitted -to Trade rant
the King’s Prefence, who alfo made the like ‘^cr> tbtrc'
courteous Anfwer to their Demand as to Traffic.
Next Day, going again to Court, the Veadore
fhewed them a Bafket of green Pepper, and an¬
other of dry on the Stalks. On their defiring to
have it plucked off, and made clean, he told
them, that would require Time, yet, that it
fhould be done ; that againft another Year it
lhould be more in Readinefs; and, that the Rea¬
fon why they found it fo unprepared was, becaufe
in the King’s Time, then reigning, no Chrif ians
had ever reforted thither to lade Pepper. 'Next
Day, there were fent twelve Bafkets; and a little
every Day, till the ninth of March: At which
I ime they had made up fixty-four Serons of
Pepper, and twenty-eight Elephants Teeth.
While they were at Benin, not being accuf- The Min
tomed to that Climate, they all fell fick of the>7>*’
Fever. Whereupon the Captain fent the Author
with the Goods, already received, to Goto, where
the reft of the Men were likewife fick ; and fo
weak, they were not able to convey the Pinnace
a, Amount was lent by Ingram on the Ship’s Arrival at Plymouth, in a Letter dated the ninth of Sep¬
tember, (which was the Day of its Arrival) to the Merchants, at whofe Charge the Voyage was undertaken
He apologizes at the Beginning, for writing fo fnort an Account, on the Score of his ill State of Health refer-
ing farther Particulars till he arrived at London . ’
and
Voyages of the E n
1^90. and Qoods to ithe Place where the Ship rode : a
Welfli. But, by good Fortune, two Hours after, the Boat
i— happening to arrive from the Ship, to fee how all
things flood with them, Mr. Ingram put the
Goods into it, and carried them down. Yet by
that Time he was gotten aboard, many of the
Indttotrs” Metl died ; as Benfon , the Cooper; the Carpen-
L ter, and three or four more. The Author him-
felf alfo was in fuch a weak State, that he was
not able to return to Benin ; whereupon he fent
Samuel D untie , and the Surgeon to attend thofe t
on Shore, and let them blood, if needful. At
their Coming to Benin , they found the Captain,
and William Bird (Son to one of the Proprietors)
dead, and Thomas Hempjieede very weak, who
alfo died two Days after : Which forrowful Ac¬
cidents caufed them, with fuch Pepper and Teeth
as they then had, fpeedily to return to the Ship.
At coming away, the Veadore told them,
‘ that if they could flay any longer, he would ufe
all poflible Expedition to bring in more Com- <
modities : But the Sicknefs fo increafed and con¬
tinued, that by the Time the reft got on board,
fo many of the Ship’s Company were fick and'
dead, that none of them expected to get home
alive, but to leave their Ship and Bones behind.
It was with the greateft Difficulty that they could
get up their Anchors ; but having done it at laft,
they left the Pinnace, and fet Sail homeward.
On the thirteenth of April, by little and little,
the Men began to recover their Health, and ga- <
ther Strength ; and fo failing betwixt the Iflands
of Cape Verde , and the Continent, they came to
the Iflands of the Azores the twenty- fifth of Ju¬
ly , where the Men began to ficken again, and
divers died ; among whom was Samuel Dunne.
Thofe who remained alive were in a very bad
Cafe : But in the midft of their Diftrefs, they
happened luckily to meet with a Bark belonging
to the Proprietors, called the Burre , on this Side
the North Cape ; which kept them company, and
fent fix frefh Men aboard, without whole Heip
they mull have fuffered great Extremities.
SECT. III.
The fecond Voyage to Benin, in 159°*
Canary Iflands. Numerous Counter -Currents. The
Pinnace drops the Ship. Spot in the Sun. Cape
Palmas. Rivers de los Barbos, and de Bailas.
Arda Town. A Caravel taken and burnt. Vil¬
la Longa. Rivers Lagoa, Jaya, and Benin.
Goto Town. Water -Spouts. ^Tornado, or
Hurricane. Return homewards. Commodities
brought home. This Voyage more happy than the
former.
rip H E third of September , 1590, they fet
Sail trorn Ratcliff, and the eighteenth came
to Plymouth Sound. The twenty-fecond, they put
D.
I m mi
c i r s rr fo Guinea. 203
to Sea again, and at Midnight were off the LI- 1^90.
zard: Then proceeding on their Voyage, till the Welfh.
fourth of Oflobet , they palled by For teventur a,
one of the Canarie Iflands, which appeared ver
ragged.
The fixteenth, in the Latitude of twenty-
four Degrees, nine Minutes, they met with a
very hollow Sea, the like whereof the Mafter
never law on this Coaft. '1 'his Day a monftrous
great Fifti (lie thinks it was a Gobarto) put up its Great Shark.
Head to the Steep-Tubs ; where the Cook was
Ihifting the Victuals, and in great Danger of be¬
ing carried away.
The twentv-firft, in the Latitude of eigh -Counter.
teen Degrees, they met with a Counter-Sea, out C:‘rreK:s°
of the "North ; in which very Place, the laft
Voyage, they had one from the South, being
very calm Weather both Times.
The twenty-fourth, they had Sight of Cavo Cape Verd.
Verd: And the twenty-fifth they met with a
great hollow Sea out of the North, which is a
common Sign, that the Wind will be northerly ;
and fo it proved.
The fifteenth of November , they met with
three Currents, out of the Weft and North-
Weft, within an Hour after one-another. This "
was in the Latitude of fix Degrees, forty -two
Minutes.
The eighteenth, they met with two other
great Currents, out of' the South-Weft; and
the twentieth, another, from the North-Eaft.
The twenty- fourth, they had great Current
from South South-FV eft ; and at fix o Clock, to¬
wards Night, they had three Currents more.
The twenty- feventh, they thought that they had
ran at lead two Leagues and half every Watch ;
at the fame Time they failed but one League eve¬
ry Watch, for the Space of twenty-four Hours,
by means of a great Sea and Current, that came
out of the South.
; The fifth of December , in fetting the Watch, Pin, .ret
they tacked about, and fleered Eaft North-Eaft,^*/’* thm'
and North-Eaft ; and here in five Degrees and a
half, their Pinnace loft them wilfully.
The feventh, at Sun-fet, they faw a greats^ in the
black Spot in the Sun, which appeared the eighth, Sun.
both at Riling and Setting ; being, to their teem¬
ing, about the Bighefs of a Shilling: They were
then in five Degrees of Latitude, and ftill there
came a great Sea from the South,
f The fourteenth, they had fifteen Fathom
Water, with coarfe red Sand ; and two Leagues
from Shore, the Current fet along it South-Eaft,
with a Sea ftill from the South.
The fifteenth, they were thwart a Rock, two
Leagues diftant, lomewhat like the Aiewflone in
England ; it is not above a Mile from Shore:
Here they had twenty-feven Fathom. A Mile
farther they faw another Rock, and between
„ them
204
159°*
WeMh.
Voyages of the English to Guinea.'
The Pinnace
ribbed.
Cape Pal¬
mas.
Rio de
Boilas.
Arda.
Caravel
taken.
Rio de los
Bat bos.
them both, broken Ground. Where they had a
but twenty Fathom, and black Sand, they could
plainly difcern, that the Rock went not along
the Shore, but from the Land to the Seaward :
And about five Leagues to the South, they faw
a great Ray. The Latitude was four Degrees and
twenty-feven Minutes.
The fixteenth, they met with a French Ship
of Hunfleur , which had robbed their Pinnace :
They fent a Letter by her ; and this Night they
faw another Spot in the Sun, at his going down, b
Towards Evening they were thwart of a River ;
and right over the River was a high Tuft of
T rees.
The feventeenth, being the Change of the
Moon, they anchored in the River’s Mouth, and
found the Land to be Cavo de las Palmas. Be¬
tween them and the Cape there was a great Ledge
of Rocks one League and a half from Shore,
and they bare to the Weft of the Cape. They
faw alfo an Bland off the Foreland Point. Night c
approaching, they could perceive no more of the
Land, but only that it trended inwards like a
Bay, where there runs a Stream, as if it were
in the River of Thames.
The nineteenth, a fair, temperate Day, and
the Wind South, they went Eaft; and the Land
a-ftern of them bore Weft, appearing low, by
the Water-fide, like Blands : This was the Eaft
of Cavo de las Palmas , the Coaft trending in
with a great Sound. They went Eaft all Night, cl
and in the Morning were but three or four
Leagues from Shore.
The twentieth, they were thwart of a River,
called Rio de los Barbos. The twenty-firft, they
went Eaft along Shore ; and three or four Leagues
to the Weft of Cavo de tres Pu-ntas , Mr. JVelJh
found the Bay to be fet deeper, than it is by four
Leagues. At four o’Clock the Land began to
fhew high, and the firft Part of it full of Palm-
T rees. e
The twenty-fourth, ftill going by the Shore,
which was very low and full of Trees, at
twelve o’Clock, they anchored thwart the Rio
de Boilas. Here they fent the Boat afhore, with
the Merchants ; but they durft not put into the
River, becaufe of a great Sea that continually
broke at the Entrance upon the Bar.
The twenty-eighth, they failed along the
Shore, and anchored at Night in feven Fathom ;
becaufe otherwife a great Current from the Eaft f
South -Eaft, from the Papuas , would have put
them back.
The twenty-ninth, at Noon, they were
thwart of Arda , and there they took a Caravel ;
but the Men were fled on Land. Going aboard,
they found nothing in her but only a little Oil 1^91,
of Palm-trees, and a few Roots. Next Morn- Weifh.
ing the Captain a and Merchants went to meet'
Portugueze, who came in a Boat to fpeak with
them, about ranfoming the Caravel ; offering
for her certain Bullocks and Elephants Teeth.
They gave them one of each Sort, and faid they
would bring them the reft next Day.
The firft of 'January , the Captain went on
Land to fpeak with the Portugueze : But finding
they diffembled, he came aboard again; and pre-
fently unrigging the Caravel, fet her on Fire
before the Town. Then proceeding along the
Shore, they faw a Date-tree, by the Water-fide,
the like whereof is not on all that Coaft. They
ran on Ground a little in one Place; then get¬
ting to Villa Longa , anchored there. Villa Long;
The third, they were as far {hot as Rio de^iwr La-
Lagoa , where the Merchants went afhore, and 203,
upon the Bar found three Fathom flat; but went
not in, becaufe it was late. There is to the Eaft-
ward of this River a Date-tree, higher than all
the other Trees thereabouts. Thus they went
along the Coaft, which was full of Trees and
thick Woods, anchoring every Night.
The fixth, in the Adorning, it was very fog¬
gy, fo that they could not fee Land ; But at
three in the Afternoon it clearing up, they found
themfelves oppofite the River of Jaya ; where, Riven Jay;
meeting with the fhallow Water, they ran out to and Benin.'
Sea, as they did the Voyage before, and came to
.Anchor in five Fathom. Next Day they fet
Sail again, and, towards Noon, came before the
River of Benin , in five Fathom Water.
I he tenth, at two in the A.fternoon, the
Captain went on Land with the Shallop. Every
Morning this Week it was very foggy till ten
o’Clock ; and hitherto the Weather was as tem¬
perate as the Summer in England. This Day
they went into the Road (the Weft Point of
which bore Eaft North-Eaft off them) and an¬
chored in four Fathom Water.
1 he twenty-firft, being a fair temperate Day,
M. HaJJ'ald went to the Town of Goto , to hearr r
News of the Captain. The twenty-third, came^0t°
the Caravel b, 'and Samuel in her, bringing fix¬
ity-three Elephants Teeth and three Bullocks.
The twenty-eighth was fair and temperate ; but
towards Night there fell much Rain, Lightning
and Thunder. This Day the Boat came" aboard
from Goto.
I he twenty-fourth of February , the Wind
at South-Eaft, they took in 298 Serons, or Sacks
of Pepper, and four Elephants Teeth. The
twenty-fixth, they put the reft of their Goods
into the Caravel, and M. HaJJ'ald went with
a The Name of the Captain is mentioned neither in this nor the former Voyage,
tioned how they came by this Caravel. & *
b It is not men-
her
1 59 1 *
Wejfh.
[Water-
jffcuts.
cane.
Voyages f/ //^ English /o Guinea, 20 5
her to Goto. The fifth of March , (he came back a Day alfo Mr. Wood , one of their Company, di- 1 59 1 *
and brought twenty-one Serons of Pepper, and ed. The twenty-third, they fpoke with the v/eHh.
four Elephants Teeth. The ninth of April, fhe Dragon , of my Lord of Cumberland, whereof
came aboard with Water ; and this Day they Matter Me was Maifter a. The fecond of Oc-
loft their Shallop. tcber, they met with a Newcajlle Ship, from New-
The feventeenth was a drowfy rainy Day. In foundland , and had out of her 300 Couple of
the Afternoon they faw three great Spouts of Newland Fifh.
Rain, two on the larboard Side, and- one right 1 HEfixth, they had Sight of Scillie, and were Scilly.
a-head ; but they came not near them. This Day forced by Rain and Wind to put into St. Mary's
they took in the laft of their Water; and the Sound, where they flayed four Days. Departing
twenty-fixth, vidtualled the Caravel to go with b the eleventh, they had three Fathom upon the
them to Sea. Bar at high Water: Then fleering South-Eaft,
The twenty-feventb, they fet Sail homeward, through Crow-fand, they fhortly after had Sight
with the Wind at South-Weft; and at two of the Land’s End -, and, at ten o’Ciock, were
thwart of the Lizard.
The thirteenth, they were put into Dart- v
mouth, where they flayed till the twelfth of De¬
cember : When fetting Sail with the Wind at
Thunder, that it tore and fplit their Forefail ; Weft, on the eighteenth, anchored at Lime-
and alfo the Caravel’s Forefail and Mainfail. houfe, in the Thames', where they landed 589 GooAirwgk
The twelfth, a fair temperate Day, much c Sacks of Pepper, 150 Elephants Teeth, and
like the Summer Mornings in England , being thirty-two Barrels of the Oil of Palm-trees.
The Commodities that were carried out this fe¬
cond Time, were Broad-cloths, Kerftes, Bays,
Linen, Iron unwrought. Bracelets of Copper,
Coral, Hawks- Bells, Horfe-Tails, Hats, and
fuch like.
This Voyage was more comfortable to them nn Voyage
than the firft, becaufe they had Plenty of frefh Kore
Water; nay, the Water which they brought
o’Clock in the Afternoon, the River of Benin
was North-Eaft eight Leagues from them.
A Tornado, The third of May, they had fuch a terrible
or Hum- at South-Eaft, with Rain, Lightning and
but one Degree and a half from the Line ; but,
at Midnight, they had a violent Guft of Rain,
with the Wind at North-Eaft. The twenty-
fourth, they were South from Cavo de las Pal¬
mas, thirty-feven Leagues. The firft of July,
Cape Verd had Sight of Brava, one of the Cape Verd
jjlands. Iflands, feven Leagues to the Eaft.
The thirteenth of Augufi, they fell in with
the Fleet under the Lord Thomas Howard, Ad- d out of the River of Benin, the firft of April ,
yiand Cor-
■VO.
miral, and Sir Richard Greenevil, Vice-Admi¬
ral ; which was lying at hull, in wait for Spanijh
Ships, thirty Leagues to the South- Weft of the
Ifland of Flores. They Were detained till the
fifteenth at Night ; and then had Leave to de¬
part, with a Fly-boat laden with Sugar, that
came from Sant Thome, and was taken by the
Queen’s Ships : The Lord Admiral giving Mr.
IVel/l) great Charge, not to leave her till fhe was
harbouied in England.
'Fhe twenty-third, the North-Eaft Part of
the Ifland of Corvo, bare Eaft and by South fix
Leagues off". The feventeenth of September, they
met a Ship of Plymouth, that came from the Wefl-
Indies, but Ihe could tell them no News. The
next Day they had Sight of another Sail ; this
1591, was, on the feventh of June, 1592, to
be feen aboard the Ship as clear and fweet as any
Fountain could yield.
In this Voyage they failed 350 Leagues, with- P:an **> e
in half a Degree of the Line ; and there they^0,ma'
found it more temperate than where they rode.
And under the Line they caught Abundance of
fmall Dolphins, and other good Fifties : The like
they did all the Way, which was a very great
c refrefhing; the Fifh never leaving them till they
were North of the Azores ; and when the Fifh
forfook them, they met with their Countrymen,
which was no fmall Comfort to them, having
been five Months before at Sea without any Com¬
pany.
» This Diftinction of Mailer and Maifter, often occurs in thefe early Voyages,
C H A P,
2g6
i589*
E. of Cumb,
A Cruizing V o y a g e of the Englis h to the Azores.
C II A P. XII,
5 8 9 ■
of Cunt
A Cruizing Voyage , ^ Right Honourable George Earl of Cumberland, to
^Azores, /» 1589. Written by Mr. Edward Wright3, Mathematician and
Engineer.
The Fleet.
Take ihr;e
F rt nch
Take eleven
hail.
S E C T. I.
They take three French Ships. Eleven Sail more.
At the Azores take three Spanifh Ships and other
Prizes. Santa Cruz in Flores. Monjirous
Fijh. Fayal. Several P rizes more. Strange
Efcape of eight Englifh. Mifs of the Caracks.
Fayal taken . Its Defcription. Plundered. Else
Friery. Town ranfomed. The Earl’s Courtefy .
TH E Earl of Cumberland , at his own Char¬
ges, prepared this fmall Fleet, which con-
filled of four Sail only, viz. the Victory, one of
the Queen’s Ships, wherein he commanded him-
felf ; the Meg\ and the. Margaret, Mr. Mounfon (af¬
terwards Sir William ) Captain, his Vice-Admi¬
ral : Thefe two, were fmall Ships ; and a fmall Ca¬
ravel, Mr. Pidgeon , Captain. Having allembled
together 400 Men (or fewer) Gentlemen, Sol¬
diers, and Sailors, he fet Sail from the Sound of
Plymouth , in Devonjhire, the eighteenth of June ,
1589.
Besides thefe already mentioned, he was ac¬
companied by Captain Chrijlopher Lifter , a Man
of great Refolution ; Captain Edward Carelefs,
alias Wright , who in Sir Francis Drake’s Weji-
Itidian Voyage to St. Domingo and Carthagena ,
was Captain of the Hope ; Captain Bofwcll ; M.
Merum , M. Henry Long , M. Partridge , M. Nor -
-ton.
About three Days after their Departure,
they met with three French Ships, whereof one
was of Newhaven , and another of St. Malos :
Thefe they took as lawful Prizes, and lent two of
them for England ; after taking out Part of the
Fifh with which they were laden, from New¬
foundland. In the third, all their Men were
lent home to France. The fame Day and the
next, they met with fome other Ships ; which
they difmilTed, finding they were of Rotterdam ,
and Emden , bound for Rochell.
The twenty-eighth and ninth, they met di¬
vers Englifh Ships, returning from the Portugal
Voyage, which his Lordfhip relieved with Vic¬
tuals. The thirteenth of July, in the Morning,
they efpied eleven Ships, without Sight of the
Coaft of Spain, in the Height of thirty-nine
a EVgrees, whom they prepared to engage ; having
firft fent Captain Mounfon before, to difeover
whence they were. The Meg approaching near,
there palled fome Shot betwixt them ; and by
their Admiral and Vice-Admiral hoifting their
Hags, it was evident they intended to fight. The
Englifh , making what Halle they could, endea¬
voured to get the Wind of them, and about e-
leven o’Clock, the Victory came up : But after ex¬
changing a few Shot, they yielded, and the Maf-
b ters came aboard ; (hewing their feveral Paffports
from the Cities of Hamburg and Lubeck , Breme,
Pomerania , and Calice.
They had in them certain Bags of Pepper
and Cinnamon ; which they confefled to be the
Goods of a Jew in Lisbon, and were carrying them
into their own Country to his Fadlor there. Find¬
ing it, by their Confeffion, to be lawful Prize, the
fame was foon after divided among the whole
Company ; the Value having been reckoned to
c be about 4500 1. at two Shillings the Pound.
After which, on the feventeenth, the Ships were
diimiiled, and all their Men ; except feven, who
were willing to go along with the Fleet as Sai¬
lors.
Holding on their Courfe for the Azores, Com to th
the firft of AuguJt, in the Morning, they had Azores.
Sight of the Ifland of St. Michael, one of the
Ealtermoft, toward which they failed all that
Day ; and at Night having put forth a Spanifh
^ Flag on their Main-top, that they might be the
lefs fufpe<Sted, they approached near the chief
Town and Road of that Illand, where they fpi-
ed three Ships, and fome other Veftels at Anchor;
all which they determined to take in the Night.
Accordingly, about ten or eleven o’Clock, they
fent their Boats well manned to cut their Ca¬
bles and Haufers, and let them drive into the
Sea. The Men coming to them, found that one
ol the greater Ships was the Falcon, of London ;
e being there under a Scottifh Pilot, who bare the
Name of her as his own. But they let loofe Take three
three other fmall Ships, that lay under the Caftle, Spanifh
(fraught with Wine and Sallad-Oil from Sevil)^*’
and towed them away. Moft of the Spaniards,
that were in them, leaped over-board, and fwam
This is tae famous Wright, Author of that admirable Invention for Charts, commonly called Mercators Pro.
Jff’ COmP^1!^ in hls pook of' Vulgar Errors ; where he charges Mercator with Plagiarifm.
!\ ;e. 1 11 ? m Hakluyt (vol 2. part 2. p. 143.) he is filled the excellent Mathematician and En¬
gineer , and horn tne Narrative it appears, tnat he was in the Expedition himieif, on board the Victory.
to
A Cruizing Voyage of the
1589. ^ Shore, making lamentable Outcries ; which, ;
of Cuinb. the Town hearing, was prefently in an Uproar,
— -v—1 -''and anfwered with the like Crying. The Caftle
difcharged Tome Bullets at the Boats ; but (hooting
at Random, by reafon of the Darknefs, did them
no Hurt. The Scots likewife difcharged three
great Pieces into the Air, to make the Spaniards
think they were their Friends: But fhortly after,
the Scottijh Mafter, and fome others with him,
came aboard to do their Duty, and offer their Ser-
pbsr Prizes. v ice to his Lordfhip. The fame Day, the Cara¬
vel chaced a Spanijl) Caravel to Shore at St. Mi¬
chael ; which carried Letters thither, that gave
an Account, that the Caraks were departed from
Tercera eight Days before.
The feventh, they had Sight of a little Ship,
which their Pinnace chaced towards Tercera, (the
Weather being calm) and towards Evening over¬
took her. There were in her thirty Tuns of
good Madeira Wine, certain woollen Cloth, Silk,
[iar.d Taffata, &c. The fourteenth, they arrived at
[lores. Flores , where, defigning to take in frefh Water
and Victuals, they manned their Boats with an
hundred and twenty Men, and rowed towards
Shore. On their Approach, the Inhabitants, who
were affembled at the landing Place, fet up a Flag
of Truce; whereupon the Englijh did the like.
His Lordfhip gave them to underftand, by his
Portuguese Interpreter, that he was a Friend to
their King Don Antonio ; and came not to injure
them, but only to have fome frefh Provifion in
Exchange for Oil, Wine, or Pepper: To which
they readily agreed, and fent fome of their Com¬
pany for Beeves and Sheep.
»»» of Mean Time, the Englijh marched Southward
«na Cruz. ap,out a Mile to Villa de Santa Cruz , from whence
all the Inhabitants, young and old, were depart¬
ed, and not any Thing of Value left ; for Fear
{as their ufual Manner was) when any Ships came
near their Coaft. That Part of the Ifland was
full of great, rocky, barren Hills and Mountains,
and but little inhabited, as being molefted by
Ships of War : For Santa Cruz itfelf (which is
one of their chief Towns) was all ruinous, hav¬
ing been burnt about two Years before, as the
Inhabitants faid, by certain Englijh Ships of War.
\'net Tijh, At Evening, as the Author and others were
rowing towards the Vifloty , an huge Fifh purfued
them for nigh two Miles together, within a
Spear’s Length of the Boat ; and fometimes fo
near, that fhe ftruck upon him. The Tips of
his Finns, about the Gills, appeared oftimes a-
bove the Water ; and were, by Eftimation, four
or five Yards afunder : His Jaws, when he gaped,
were a Yard and half wide, which made them
fear he would overturn the Pinnace ; but by
rowing as hard as they could, they efcaped.
At Flores , a little Ship, called the Drake ,
having brought them Word, that the Caraks
English to the A e o r e s. 207
were at Tercera, they haftened thither with all the 1589.
Speed they could. In the Way, they came to E. of Cumb.
Fayal Road the twenty-feventh Day of Augujl , v- — v— '
after Sun-fet; where, defcrying certain Ships at Yjjff r
Anchor, Captain Lifter and Captain ALcnJon were prje,
fent in the Victory's Skiff, accompanied, for the
better Security, by the Saucy-jack , and fmall Ca¬
ravel, to obferve them : But the Wind being from
Shore, the Ships were not able to get fo nigh as
the Spaniards rode ; neverthelefs, the Boat did,
and clapped a Vefl’el aboard of two hundred and
fifty Tons, which carried in her fourteen call
Pieces. They continued to fight alone for an Hour,
till other Boats came up from the Ships; and then
they boarded her afrelh, one Boat in the Quarter,
and another in the Haufe. As they entered her on
one Side, all the Spaniards leapt over- board on the
other, excepting Juan de Palma , the Captain,
and twTo or three more.
This Ship was moored to the Caftle, which
(hot at them all the Time of the A6f ion ; yet
did no Hurt, only the Mailer of the Caravel had
the Calf of his Leg taken off. The Veffel was
laden with Sugar, Ginger, and Hides, lately
come from St. Juan de Puerto Rico. After they
had towed her clear off the Caftle, they rowed
in again with their Boats, and fetched out fi veil™ more,
fmall Ships more: One laden with Hides; another
with Elephants Teeth, Grains, Cocoa-Nuts, and
Goats-Skins, brought from Guinea ; another with
Woad; and two with Dog-Fifli, which they fet
adrift, as not being worth carrying away. The
other four were fent for England the thirtieth of
Augujl. At the taking thefe Prizes, they were
joined by fome other fmall Men of War, as Mr.
John Davis, with his Ship, Pinnace, and-Boat ;
Captain Markeshury, with his Ship, whole Owner
was Sir Walter Ralegh ; and the Bark of Lime ,
which was alfo in Company with them before.
The laft of Augujl, in the Morning, they Strange Ef-
. came in Sight of Tercera, nine or ten Leagues cape of eight
from Shore, where they efpied a fmall Boat, under
. Sail, making towards them ; which they were
furprifed at, being fo far from Land, and no Ship
in Sight, to which it might belong. It feems,
they were eight Englijhmen, who had been Pri-
foners in Tercera ; and finding Opportunity, at
that Time, to efcape, committed themfelves to
the Sea in that fmall Boat : Having no other Yard
for their Main-fail, but two Pipe-Staves tied to-
' gether by the Ends ; and no more Provifion of
Victuals, then they could bring in their Pockets
and Bofoms. They were taken into the VtftoKy,
and gave certain Intelligence, that the Caraks were Mife of the
departed from thence about a Week before. Caraks,
Th u s, being without any farther Hope of thofe
Caraks, they refolved to return for Fayal, with
Intent to furprize the Town: But till the ninth
of September , the Wind was fo contrary, or the
c Weather
2o8
1 589*
E. ofCumb
’Return to
Fayai.
It is taken
by the Earl.
! The Town
dejeribedj
A Cruizing Voyage of the
Weather fo calm, that theycould not get above a
nine or ten Leagues on the .Way, beating the Sea
all the while, not far from Pico. However, at
length, on IVednefday the tenth, in the Afternoon,
they came again into Fayai Road. Whereupon,
immediately the Earl of Cumberland , fent Cap¬
tain Lifter , with one of Graciofa, (whom Captain
Munfon had before taken) and fome others, to¬
wards Fayai. On the Way, they were met in a
Boat by certain of the Inhabitants; who, coming
back with Captain Lijler , his Lordfhip gave them b
their Choice: Either to fufter him quietly to enter
the Platform, where he and his Company would
peaceably remain, till fucli Time as they (the In¬
habitants) fhould compound for the Ranfom of
the Town, or elfe to hand to the Hazard of
War.
After this, they returned to the Town: But
the Keepers of the Platform anfwered, that it
was againft their Oath and Allegiance to King
Philip, to furrender without fighting. Where- c
upon, hisLordfhip commanded the Boats of every
Ship to be manned ; and foon after, landed his
Men on the fandy Shore, under the Side of an
Hill, about half a League to the North of the
Platform. On the Top of the Hill certain Horfe-
men and Footmen fhewed themfelves : Likewife
two other Companies appeared with Enfigns dis¬
played ; one of them before the Town, by the
Sea Side, which marched towards the Place where
the Englijh landed, as though they would en- d
counter them: I he other in a Valley, to the
South of the Platform, as if they intended to
help the Townfmen. Mean Time, the Earl,
having fet his Aden in Order, marched along the
Sands, betwixt the Sea and the H own, towards
the Platform, for the Space of a Mile or more ;
and then the Shore growing rocky, which made
the Way very difficult, he entered the Town,
and pafied through the Street without Refiftance,
to the Platform ; which played upon his Forces e
with its Ordnance all the while : But on his Ap¬
proach, thofe who guarded it fled, and left it at the
Mercy of his Men; who, fealing the Walls to
enter, took Pofieffion of it. In like Manner,
the Companies before-mentioned, as foon as his
Lordfhip began to march, difperfed, andvanifhed
of a fudden. During this Action, the Ships ceafed
not to batter the Town and Platform with great
Shot, till fuch Time as they faw the Red-Crofs
of England difplayed upon the Front thereof. f
FAYA L is the principal Town in the Ifland
of that Name ; and is fituate diredtly over-againft
the high and mighty Mountain Pico, [in, the
Ifland of Pico] towards the Weft North- Weft,
being divided therefrom by a narrow Sea, about
two or three Leagues over. The Town contain¬
ed, about three hundred Houfholds. Their Houfes
Were fair, and ftrongly built of Lime and Stone,
English to the Azores.
and double covered with hollow Tiles; much like 1/589.)
our Roof-Tiles, but that they are lefs at the E. of Cum'
one End than the other. - Every Houfe almoft v- — V—
had a Ciftern, or Well in a Garden behind it,
where grew Vines, whofe Grapes being then
ripe, made a pleafant Shade ; alfo Tobacco,
(which is now commonly known and ufed in
England) wherewith their Women dye their
Faces reddifh, to make them feem frefli and
young ; Pepper, Indian and common Fig Trees,
bearing both white and red Figs ; Peach Trees,
not growing very tall ; Oranges, Lemons, Quinces,
Potato Roots, &c. Sweet Wood, (Cedar, the Au¬
thor thinks) is there very common, even for
building and firing.
His Lordfhip having poflefled himfelf of the And plun.
Town and Platform, gave Orders, that no Ma-*rft/*
riner, or Soldier, fhould enter into any Houfe to
plunder; and appointed Guards to the Churches
and Religious Houfes, by which Means, they
were preferved from Violence: But the reft of
the Town, notwithftanding the Prohibition, was
rifled, and ranfacked by the Soldiers and Mariners,
who fcarcely left any Houfe unfearched ; out of
which, they took the very Furniture and Appa¬
rel. Not content with this, they ranged about the
Country, where fome of them were hurt by the
Inhabitants.
There was a Franc f can Friery at Fayai, Francifcan
confifting of thirty Friars; which was built by a Fr,ars>
Friar of Angra , in Tercera , of the fame Order,
about the Year, 1506. The Tables in the Hall
had Seats on one Side only ; and, were always
covered, as ready for Dinner or Supper: And
indeed, they were better fed than taught ; for
there was not one to be found among them who
could fpeak true Latin.
The Englijh continued here from TVednefday Teiw.
in the Afternoon, when they entered the Town,™”/0'”^'
till Saturday Night ; at which Time, the Inha¬
bitants agreed to pay for its Ranfom, two thou-
fand Ducats, moft Part whereof was in Church
Plate.
They found in the Platform fifty-eight Iron
Pieces of Ordnance ; whereof twenty-three were
ready mounted on their Carriages, between Bar-
ricados, upon a Platform towards the Sea Side.
This Ordnance they took away ; and then fet the
Platform on Fire, and fo departed.
The Sunday following, the Earl invited to
Dinner in the Victory, fo many of the Inhabit¬
ants as were willing to come ; excepting Diego
Gomez , the Governor, who came but once to
parle about the Ranfom. However, only four
came, who were well entertained, and folemnly
difmifled, with Sound of Drum and Trumpets, ribe Earl’’
and a Peal of Ordnance. His Lordlhip, at the fame Courtcfy,
Time, delivered them a Letter, fubferibed by him¬
felf ; importing a Requeft to all other Englijtmen
not
■
j ‘f ahe in Wa*
Utr.
Cruizing Voyages of the
not to rnolcfl them any farther, or demand any
E.ofCumb. Thing of them, excepting frefh Water, and
Visuals. During their Stay here, two Men came
from Pico , which had been Prifoners there : And
at Fayal , they fet at Liberty a Prifoner, tran-
flated from St. Jago , Coufin to one then in
England , who was a Servant of Don Antonioy
King of Portugal: Thefe Prifoners they detained
with them,
SECT. II.
The Fleet leaves Fayal. Another great Fiji). St.
Michael. Tercera. Graciofa. Their Land-
ing cppofed, and hazardous. Provificns granted.
News of the Weft India Fleet. Fifteen Sail ar¬
rive at Tercera. Attempt in vain to get at
them. Refufed Water at St. Michael’i. At¬
tack two Ships at St. Mary’r, and carry off one.
Their Lofsy and Strength of the Place. In Strefs
for Want of Water. Sail for the Coajl of Spain.
Take three Prizes in the Way.
ON Monday and Tuefday , they fent Boats
afhore for frelh Water. The firft Day they
were eafily fupplied, byReafon the Rain fell the
Night before, which made the Streams run plen¬
tifully down the Hills : But next Day they found
it more difficult to come at, becaufe the Wind
was high ; and in the Afternoon, increafed to
fuch a Degree, that they thought it not fafe to
ride fo near the Land : Whereupon, they weigh¬
ed Anchor, and failed North-Weft by Weft,
along the Coaft of Fayal. Some of the Inhabit¬
ants coming aboard this Day, told them, that
always about the fame Time of the Year, fuch
Weft South-Weft Winds blew on that Coaft.
This Day, near St. George’s Bland, they per¬
ceived a huge Fifh direCtly a-head of them, lying
ftill, juft even with the Surface of theWater. The
Sea broke over his Back, (the Colour of which
was black) in fuch Sort, that judging, at firft Sight,
it had been a Rock, and the Ship ftemming di¬
rectly with him, they were put in great Fear for
a little Time, till he moved out of the Way.
The fixteenth of September , in the Night, it
lightned much, attended with great Winds and
Rain, which continued till the twenty-fecond.
Next Day, they came again intp Fayal Road, to
weigh an Anchor, which they had left behind in
their Hafte to get away. Going on Shore to fee
the Town, many of the People, through Fear,
departed with their Effects, as foon as they appear¬
ed before it ; till they were affined by the Earl,
that his Coming was not to do them any Injury,
but only to get frefh Water, and fume other Ne-
ceffiaries, for which they fhould be paid. After
th is, they Mewed the Town quietly, and bought
what Things they wanted, as freely, as if they
had been in England. The People alfo helped to fill
V o L. I. N° q. J
[Great Fijh.
Return to
fajal.
English to the Azores. 209
a frefli Water, being paid for their Trouble, to 1580.
their Satisfaction. E. ofCumb.
The twenty-fifth, they were forced again tou~"V"-J
leave the Place, before they had fufficiently wa-^ Storm’
tered ; by a fudden Tempeft that arofe in the
Night, and grew fo violent, that the Earl him-
felf, foon after Midnight, raifed the Men out of
their Cabins to weigh Anchor ;• hauling along
with them at the Capftcn, and afterward cheered
them up with Wine.
b Next Day, the Caravel, and Saucy- Jacky St. Michael,
were fent to the Road of St. Michael , to fee
what they could efpy. The Fleet followed them
on the twenty-feventh, plying to and fro, and
came within Sight of the Ifland ; but by contra¬
ry Winds, which held for three Days, they were
driven to Leeward, and could not get near it.
The firft of Ofiobery they failed along Tercera ; Tercera.
and dire&ly againft Brazil , (a Promontory near
toAngra , the ftrongeft Town in that Ifland) they
c lpied fome Boats coming to the Town, and made
out towards them: But being near to the Land,
they ran to Shore, and efcaped.
I n the Afternoon, approaching Graciofa , his Cracioi'a.
Lordfhip fent Captain Lijler to acquaint the In¬
habitants, that his Defire was only to have Wa¬
ter, Wine, and fome frefh Victuals, without-any
Deflgn to moleft therm They a nl we red, that they
could not fatisfy his Demand, till the Governors
of the Ifland had confulted thereupon ; and there-
d fore dellred him to fend for Anfwer next Day.
Upon the fecond of Odlcber , eaily in the Their Lar.d.
Morning, they fent their Long-boat and Pinnace, «/>/>*/«/.
with empty Cafk, and fifty or fixty Men, toge¬
ther with the Margaret , and Captain Davis’s
Ship, the reft of their Conforts having left them.
But when the Men would have landed, the Ifland-
ers fhot at, and would not fufFer them. Some
Companies likewife appeared with Enfigns dif-
plyed, in order to oppofe them. Upon this, the
e Boats rowed along the Coaft, to find fome con¬
venient Landing-place, fhooting, as the Ship did
alfo, at thofe on Shore : But not meeting with any
Place where they might land, without great Dan¬
ger of lofing many Men, they were conftrain-
ed to retire. Three Men fuffered in this Con¬
flict: Whilft the Boats were confulting what
was beft to be done, two of them were ftruck
with a Ball from a Cannon, which the Portu -
gueze drew from Place to Place with Oxen;
f whereby one loft his Hand, and the other his
Life, within two or three Days after; the third
was fhot into the Neck with a fmall Shot, but
received no great Hurt.
The Company having returned at Night, rhe Ait my.
with ati Account of their ill Succefs, Preparation haxard,>Ui-
was made to renew the Attempt next Day : But
the Day was far fpent before they could get near
with their Ship ; neither could they find any
E e good
210 Cruizing Voyages of the
1 589. good Ground, where they might lie at Anchor, a
I.ofCumb. to batter the Town : What was worfe, no Land-
jng-place could be found, without greatly expo-
fing the Hands ; which might both overthrow the
Voyage, and endanger the Queen’s Ship, for
Want of Hands to bring her home. On thefe
Confiderations, his Lordfhip thought it beft to
write a Letten to this Effeift ; that he could not
but wonder at their Inhumanity and Cruelty fhcw-
cd towards his Men, feeing they were fent in
peaceable Manner to receive their Anfwer, which b
they had promifed to give the Day before ; and
that, were it not for Don Antonio s Sake, he
Ihould not put up fo great Injury, without juft
Revenge: Notwithftanding, on their King’s Ac¬
count, whofe Friend he was, he was yet content
to fend once again for their Anfwer.
.Prcmfiens At Night, Captain Lifter returned with this
granted, Anfwer from them : That their Gunner Ihot off
one of their Pieces, which was charged with
powder only, and was flopped ; and that the c
Englijh thinking, perhaps, it had been difchargcd
at them, fhot again, and fo began the Fight;
that as to his Lordfhip’s Demand, they would
fend him a pofitive Anfwer next Morning; for
as yet they could not know their Governor’s
Mind. Accordingly, next Morning, there came
a Boat from Shore with a Flag of Truce, wherein
were three of the chief Men of the Ifland ; who
agreed, that his Lordfhip fhould have fixty Butts
of Wfcne, and frefn Victuals: But faid, they could d
not fupply him with Water, having none them-
felves, but what they faved in Veffels or Cifterns
when it rained ; and that they had rather give
them two Tuns of Wine than one of Water.
They requefted, that the Soldiers might not land ;
engaging to bring all they had promifed to the
Water Side. Which Requeft being granted, one
of them was kept on board till their Promife was
performed; the other was fent to Shore in the
Boat which carried her empty Cafk, and fome of e
the Men, to help to fill them with fuch Provifion
as was expe£fed : To take in which, the Marga¬
ret^ Captain Davis’s Ship, and another of Wey-
mouth , ftaid riding at Anchor before the Town.
News of the This Ship of Weymouth , which joined them
Weft India the Day before, and by Report, had taken a rich
Prize worth fixteen thoufand Pound, brought
News, that the Weft India Fleet was not yet
come, but would arrive very foon : For all this,
the Earl put to Sea ; and on the fourth of Oftober, f
took a French Ship of St. Malo , (a City of the
unholy League) laden with Fifh from Newfound¬
land: Which had been in fo great a Storm, that
fhe was conftrained to cut her Main-maft with
the Board, and was coming to Graciofa , to repair.
The chief of her Men were taken into the Victory ,
in Place of Mariners-and Soldiers, who were put
on board to carry her to England. The Sunday
English to the Azores.
following, at Night, all the promifed Provifions 1589.
having been brought from Graciofa , the Natives E. of Cum)
were difmiffed in a friendly Manner, under a "V—
Difcharge of Ordnance.
The three next Days, the Weather being Fifteen Sat
rough, they plied to any fro about thofe Jflands.
And Tttefday , at Night, being driven three 0rTercera“
four Leagues from Tercera , faw fifteen Sail of the
Weft India Fleet entering the Haven at Angra in
Tercera: But the Wind proved fo crofs, that for
four Days they could not pofiibly come near them.
In this Time, they loft their French Prize, (Ihe
not being able to lie fo near the Wind as they)
and heard no more of her till they came to Eng¬
land where file fafely arrived. On Monday , they
drew very near the Haven’s Mouth, intending to
have run in and fetched out fome of them :
But in the End, this Enterprize was deemed too
dangerous, considering the Strength of the Place
where thofe Ships rode. For on the firft Appear¬
ance of the EngliJ. ?, they were hailed, and towed
in nearer the Town, under the Protection of the
Caftle of Brazil ; on one Side defended by twenty-
five Pieces of Ordnance, and a Fort on the other,
which mounted thirteen or fourteen great Brafs
Cannon : Befides, when they came near Land,
the Wind proved too flack for them to make an
Attempt.
On Tuefday the fourteenth, they fent thei r £ttemp in
Boat to found the Road, to fee if there were any vain to get
Place to anchor in, out of Reach of the Guns o{at them"
the Caftle and Fort, and within Shot of thofe
Ships; that they might either oblige them to come
out, or fink them where they lay. Such a Place
was found ; but the Wind would not fuffer them
to get to it : Befides, if they had anchored there,
it was judged the Enemy would rather have run
their Vefiels a-ground to fave themfelves and
fome of their Goods, than come forth to lofe
both. They then Ihot, to try if they could
reach them from the Place where they were : But
finding the Bullets fell far Ihort, they departed,
to lie out at Sea, upon the Decoy, for four or five
Days ; while the Pinnace lay out of Sight clofe
by the Shore, to bring them Word, if the Ships
came forth. After a while, the Pinnace returned
with Intelligence, that they had taken down their
Sails and Top-mafts : Whence it was concluded,
they would not come out till they perceived the
Englijh were quite gone.
Wherefore on the twentieth, hearing tha tRefufeciw:
there were certain Scotijh Ships at St. Michael , theyre?- at St.
failed thither, and found there one Scotijh Roader ; Michael,
and two or three more at Villa Franca , the next
Road, a League or two I^aft of the Town of St.
Michael. Of thefe, they had five or fix Butts of
Wine, and fome Water ; which not being fuffi-
cient, on the twenty-firft, they fent their Long¬
boat to Shore, to fetch fome from a Brook, a
little
Ct • tiizing Voyages of the
1 589. kittle to the Weft of Villa Franca : But the Inha-
E.ofCumb. bitants coming down with two Enfigns difplayed,
k* — v*—- 'and about a hundred and fifty Men armed, to
obpofe them ; the Men having fpent all their
Powder, in attempting to land, without Succefs
againlt fo great Odds, returned fruflrate.
St.Mary*j From hence they departed towards St. Mary *s
ujland. Ifland, intending to water there, (for they had
Intelligence, that it was a Place of no great
Force) and then to fail for the Coaft of Spain :
Therefore, on Friday following, the Earl, about
nine in the Forenoon, fent Captain Lifter, and
Captain Amias P~refton % in the Viftory' s long
Boat and Pinnace, with fixty or feventy Shot in
them, to carry a friendly Letter to the iflanders ;
deliring leave to water, and promilling not to give
them any farther Trouble. About three, in the
Afternoon, the Men being fomething weary with
rowing, (within a League or two of the Shore,
and four or five Leagues from the Vittory ) efpied
two Ships at Anchor, clofe under the Town : 1
Whereupon, having fhifted fix or feven of their
Men b into Captain Davis' s Boat; being too much
peftered in their own ; and retaining fome twenty
Shot in the Pinnace, they madeWay towards them
with all the Speed they could.
immpt two By the Way, they obferved Boats palling be-
ftft the twjxt t]-je Readers and the Shore, and Men in their
Shirts fwi mming and wading to Land ; who, it
feems, were labouring to run the Ships on Ground,
while the Inhabitants were now bufily preparing t
for their Defence. When they came near. Cap¬
tain Lifter commanded the Trumpets to be found¬
ed, and forbid any Shot to be made, till he gave
Orders : But fome of his Company, either not
well perceiving or regarding what he laid, imme¬
diately, upon the Sound of the Trumpets, dis¬
charged their Pieces at the Iflanders ; who, for
the moft Part, lay intrenched up to the Eyes,
and immediately returned the Fire, with both
great and fmall Shot. e
rv carry Notwithstanding this, Captain Lifter
onc> earncftly haftened forward the Sailors that rowed,
(who began to {brink at the Shot flying fo faft
about their Ears) and himfelf fii ft entered one of
the Ships that lay a little farther from Shore than
the other. The Pinnace prefently came up, Fill
plying them [on Shore] with their Shot ; and
having cut afunder her Cables and Haufers, tow¬
ed her away. Mean Time, Captain Davis's Boat
overtook them, and entered the other Ship, which f
alfo (as the former) was forfaken by all her
Men : But {he ftuck fo faft a-ground, that they
were conftraincd to leave her, whilft Shot and
English //^ Azores, 2 u
Stones from Shore flew thick amongft them. The 1589.
To.wnfmen perceiving this, and that they were butE.ofCumb.
few in Number, and the Pinnace bufied about the
other Ship, were preparing to come and take
them: But they returned, and both together
towed oft the Prize, which was lately arrived
from Brazil , loaden with Sugar.
In this fight they had two Men flain, and 'Their Lofs,
fixteen wounded : As for the Enemy, it is like afifpVtb
they had little Hurt, lying for the moft Part be- . ‘
b-hind Stone Walls; which were built one above
another, clofe by the Sea Side, at the End of the
Hill whereon the 7’own ftood, betwixt two Val¬
leys. Upon the Top of the Hill their great Ord¬
nance was planted, which {hot leaden Bullets ;
whereof one pierced through the Side of the
Prize, and then fell in the Ship without doing any
more Harm. Next Day, being the twenty-fifth,
they went again for Water ; but for W ant of be¬
ing apprifed before-hand, of the Difadvantage of
c the Place where they attempted to land, return¬
ed without any. The fame Night, departing for
St. Gesrge's Ifland to get frefh Water, they arri¬
ved theie the twenty-feventh ; and having efpied
where a Spout of Water came running down,
the Pinnace and Long-boat were prefently man¬
ned, and fent under the Condudl of Captain
Prefton , and Captain Munfon , with a Letter to
the Iflanders as before, for Leave to water : Not-
withftanding the Men landing, found fome of
1 the poor Iflanders, who, for Fear, hath hid them-
felves amongft the Rocks.
WE DNES DA ft the twenty - ninth, the in slnfs fer
Boats returned with fix Tuns of Water for the
Liftcry only. They alledged, they could get no l,Ur'
more, thinking, (as was fuppofed) that the Earl^
having no more Provifion of Water and Wine,
but twelve Tuns, would faildiredlly for England,
without taking the Coaft of Spain in his Way,
as many of the Men greatly defired. Flis Lord-
fhip, on the contrary, being otherwife refolved,
intended, next Day, to have taken in more Wa¬
ter : But no lefs, through Unwillingnefs of his
Men, than Roughnefs of the Seas and Wind, it
was not done. For all this, as much of his Provi¬
fion was ftill unfpent, and his Voyage (as he
thought) not yet performed fufficiently to the Sa¬
tisfaction either of himfelf or others, he deter¬
mined not to return fo fuddenly.
It was therefore referred, to the Choice of the Sail for the
whole Company, whether they would ftay there, Coafl °f
till they could be provided with Water; or go bySpain‘
the Coaft of Spain for England , with half fo
much Allowance of Drink as before : And the
a That Gentleman, not long before, had come out of his own Ship ; which, *Iofing the Victory in the Night,
he was forced to continue on board her. b By the Author, in the Original, fpeaking 01* this Occafron,
in the firft Perfon Plural, it is likely he was in the Boat himfelf.
E e 2
Cruizing Voyages of /^English to the Azore
2 12
I r So. laft Propofal was readily agreed to; with an Ex-
E. of Cumb. ception as to the Drink of the Sick and Wounded,
which was not to be diminilhed.
The thirty-firft, th t Margaret was fent for
England , becaufe fhe leaked much, together with
the Brazil Prize ; and in them fome of the hurt,
wounded, and fick Men, who defired it: But
Captain Monfon was taken out of the Meg into
the Victory.
7 j£<?<a Brazil Thus they fleered their Courfe for the Coaft
of Spain with a fair and brifk Wind, which be- b
fore they feldom had ; and on the fourth of No¬
vember efpied a Sail right before them: They
chaced her till about three in the Afternoon, at
which Time, over taking her, fhe ftroke Sail ; and
being queftioned, faid, A Portugue ze, and from
Pernanbuck in Brazil. She was a Ship of about
one hundred and ten Tons, freighted with four
hundred and ten Chefts of Sugar, and fifty Kin¬
tals of Brazil W ood ; every Kintal containing
one hundred Pound Weight. They took her in c
Latitude twenty-nine Degrees, about two hun¬
dred Leagues Weft of Lisbon. Captain Prejlon
being fcnt, put fome Mariners and Soldiers on
board her, and brought back with him her prin¬
cipal Men. Thefe Portugue ze having informed
them, that they faw another Ship before them,
the fame Day, about Noon, they made after
her as faft as they could : Leaving Orders, that
/Captain Davis's, Ship, and the Prize, fhould follow
them due Eaft ; and that if they had Sight of (
them next Morning, they fhould follow them
ftill, if not, that they fhould go for England.
Next Morning, they could not fee the Sail
which they went in Purfuit of, and Captain Da¬
vis's Ship and Prize were behind, out of Sight:
But early on the fixth, (being in thirty-eight De¬
grees thirty Minutes Latitude^ and about fixty
Leagues from Lisbon Weftwards) Captain Preflon
deferied a Sail two. or three Leagues a-head ;
whereupon, quickening their Speed, they over¬
took her about eight or nine o’Clock. She came
latterly from St. Michael's Road, having been be¬
fore at Brazil , laden with Sugar and Brazil. While
the Victory's Boat went to bring fome of the Chief
of their Men aboard, one, from off the Main¬
top, efpied another Ship three or four Leagues a-
head. Immediately crowding all the Sail they
could, they purfued, and about two o’Clock, in
Ta^VWeft- the Afternoon, overtook her. She had put her-
India Ship. pe]f jn a Pofture to fight, by hanging her Sides
fo thick with Hides, (which was her chief Lading)
that Mufket-fhot could not have pierced them :
But as foon as the Victory had made two Shot at
her, fhe ftruck. This Prize was of about three
or four hundred Tons, and came from the JVeJl-
Indies , Mexico , and St. John de Lowe (or more
truly Ulhua ) She had in her feven hundred Hides,
/Inothtr
Prize.
worth ten Shillings a-piece ; fix Chefts of Co- 1589,
chineal, every Cheft holding one hundred Weight, E. of Cumb.
and everv Pound worth twenty-fix Shillings and v— -v—-*
Eight-pence: Alfo certain Chefts of Sugar, and
China Difiies, with fome Plate and Silver.
SECT. III.
The y return homewards. StreJJed for Want of Wind
and Drink. Shifts to procure fome7~~yi Leffcn
for Spaniards. Many die of Thirjl. Relief of
Rain. Violent Storms. Brave Service of the
Mafler. Meet with feme Supply. Put into Ire¬
land. Dingle Icouch Town. Ruined by Def-
mond. Provifions plenty, but Money fcarce. Form
of Government and Devotion there. Baptifm by
Irnmerfton. Numerous Spanifh Prizes taken by
the Englifh. The bejl Prize lojl, with Captain
Lifter, and the Men. The ViClory arrives at
Falmouth.
: rspH E Captain of her was an Italian , znd Return hme
f feemed to be a grave, wife, and civil Man •
He had ventured, in this Ship, twenty-five thou-
fand Ducats. He, with fome other principal
Men, (who were Spaniards) were taken into the
Victory ; and Captain Lijler, with about twenty
Mariners, Soldiers, and Sailors, were fent into
her. Mean Time the other Prizes, which fol¬
lowed after, came up ; and having now gotten
enough to fatisfy them, it was refolved to fhape
d their Courfe for England: Befides, they had fo
many Portugueze , Spaniards , and Frenchman a-
rnongft them, that they could not have manned
any more, without endangering themfelves. Ac¬
cordingly, about fix in the Evening, they fet fail
homewards : But the Victory, having fpared the
Prizes feveral of her Sails, to enable them to keep
up with her, rowled and tumbled fo for Want of
them ; that it was not only very troublefome, 6ut^
the Main-maft v/as in Danger of falling over-
e board. For this Reafon, Directions were given
them to keep together, and follow his Lordfhip
to Portfmouth.
The laft Prize was taken in the Latitude of The Prize.
thirty-nine Degrees, and about forty-fix Leagues/S,%lt'‘
to the Weft of the Rock [of Lisbon .] She was
one of thofe fixteen Ships which they faw going
into Terccra , October the eighth. Some of the
Men informed thofe of the Victory, that whilft
ftie was plying up and down before the Haven,
f expeCting their coming out ; the Governor or¬
dered three of the largeft of them to be unladen,
and three hundred Soldiers put into each, in or¬
der to lay the Victory aboard in the Night : But
fhe was out of Sight before they could execute
their Delian.
The Victory ran fo nimbly before the Wind, .StreJcJij
with all the Sails (he could bear, that, in twenty- cT°f raP
- J ft ir.u y
four
.5
1589*
if. of Cu:nh
I ini for
I 'aitr of
Drink.
i rifts tc p>
pr< feme.
Cruizing Voyages tf the English the Azores, 213
four Hours, {he advanced near forty-feven Leagues ; a would drink as it was, Dirt and all ; others would 1589
notwithftanding the Ship was very foul, and much ,*• k..» .m? .(p,,,
crown with long being at Sea. Hence, fome of
the Company reckoned, they {hould be time e-
nough to fee the Running at -Tilt, at White-hall ,
upon the Queen’s Day : Others were delighted
to think what a merry Chrijlmas they Ihould
keep in England , with their Shares of the Prizes.
But fo it feil out, fays Mr. Wright , that we kept
a cold Chrijlmas with the Bifhop and his Clerks ,
(Rocks which lie to the "Weft of Scilly :) For L
foon after, the Wind falling, came about to the
Eaft, (the worft Point of the Heavens, from which
the Winds could blow) in fuch Sort, that they
could not fetch any Part of England. Hereupon
alfo their Allowance of Drink, which was fmall
enough before, became fmaller {fill ; being re¬
duced to half a Pint a Man ara Meal, and that
oftentimes cold Water, and fcarce fvveet.
However, this was an happy State in Com-
parifon of that which followed : For from half <
a Pint, they came to a Quarter, and that lafted
not long neither ; fo that by Reafon of this great
Scarcity of Drink, and th<£ contrary Wind, they
thought to put into Ireland for Relief. But when
they came near the Coaft, as they lay at Hull
one Night, waiting for the Day, in order to put,
with more Safety, into fome Port, they were
driven fo far to Leeward, that they could fetch
no Part of the Ifland ; fo as with heavy Hearts,
and fad Cheer, they were conftrained to beat the 1
Sea till the Wind {hould prove fair for either
England or Ireland. Mean time, each Man was
allowed three or four Spoons full of Vinegar to
drink at a Meal : For that was all their Drink,
except that two or three Meals, they had inftead
thereof the fame Quantity of Wine, which was
wrung out of the Lees that remained. What was
worfe, by Reafon of this great Want of Drink,
thev durft eat but very little.
0. Thus they fafted for about a Fortnight, ex¬
cepting, that now and then, to make fome A-
mends^ they feafted ; and that was, when there
fell any Hail or Rain, they gathered up and eat
the Hail-ftones with more Pleafure then if they
had been the fweeteft Comfits ; and the Rain¬
drops were fo carefully faved, that fcarce one was
loft of all that fell into the Ship. Some hung up
Sheets by the four Corners, with a Weight in the
Middle, that the Water might drain into a Vef-
ftl underneath : Others, who wanted Sheets,
fufpended Napkins and Clouts ; wringing and
fucking out the Water, when they were thorough
wet. Even the Drops, that fell upon the Deck,
and waftied oft' the Filth, (as bad as any Kennel-
Water) was watched ; the Men diligently wait*
ing, with Difhes, Cans, and Jars, at every Scup¬
per-hole, to receive it, and often quarrelled for
a Share. This, though as thick as Puddle, fome
let it fettle, or ftrain it, but not often: For it E.of Cu.nb,
palled through the Cloths fo flowly, that they v- — v — — ^
had not Patience to ftay fo long; and, befides,
were loth to lofe too much of fuch precious
Stuff. Some licked with their Tongues (like
Dogs) the Boards under Feet, the Sides, Rails,
and Malls of the Ships : Others, who were more
ingenious, fattened Girdles, or Ropes, afiant a-
bout the Malls ; dawbing Tallow to flop the Rain
in its Paflage, and let it fall to the lower Part ot
the Girdle, or Rope, where a Leather Spout was
faftened, to convey the Water into a Receiver.
He, who got a Can of Water by thefe Means, A Lepinfor
was fpoken of, made court to,^nd envied as a richsPamard5,
Man. Some of the poor Spaniards (who had the
fame Allowance as the Engli/h) would come and
crave, for the Love of God, but fo much Water
as they could hold in the Palm of their Hand ;
and they had it, notwithftanding the great Ex-
; tremity to which their Captors were driven, to-
teach them fome Humanity, inftead of their ac-
cuftomed Barbarity. They aifo put Bullets of
Lead" into their Mouths to flake their Thirft.
Now were heard, in every Corner of the Ship, (1':t cf
the lamentable Cries of fick and wounded Men ;
being ready to expire for Want of Drink, as
many actually did. So that they loft more Men,
on this Occafion, than they had done all the
Voyage before; having, till then, lived in a Man-
J ner as well, and loft as few Men, as if they had
been in England : Whereas, in thisTime of Af¬
fliction, every Day fome were caft over-board.
But the fecond Day of December, 1589, wa s Relief of
a feftival Day with them : For it happening to^”7-
rain plentifully, they faved a good Quantity of
Rain-water, (though they were well wet for it,
and that at Midnight) and filled their Skins full be¬
fides, notwithftanding it was muddy and bitter,
with waftiing the Ship ; but fweetening it with fome
e Sugar, it went pleafantly down: Yet it was not
fo delicious, but that they wifhed for fome Con¬
duit, Pump, Spring, or Stream of clear Water
in England. They called to mind how often they
had reckoned fome poor Creatures miferable,
whom they had feen forced to drink Water to
fquench their Thirft ; and now would have
thought themfelves happy, if they could have got¬
ten fuch good Liquor. However, they {hould
have been well enough fatisfied with their {lender
f Fare, if they could have been fure of keeping
Pofleflion : But the Ship rolled and tofled, in
fuch a Manner, with the ftormy Weather, that
they were every Minute in Danger of their Drink
being fpilt, or their Meat f ha ken out of their
Hands.
Scarce any of their Sails efcaped being torn, Grea:S:crm;.
(fome from Side to Side) and their Main -fail was
rent from the Yard, and blown over- board. The'
.Waves
214 Cruizing Voyages of the
tc8(). Waves rolled like Mountains one after another,
E.ofCumb. which raked the Wafte of the Ship, like a
■*— — v"*— ' 1 mighty River running over it ; whereas, in fair
Weather, it was near twenty Foot above Water.
The Ship itfelf leaked and cracked fo much, with
the Tolling, that they were often in Fear it would
have fplit in Pieces.
BrawSrr- The Temped being allayed, a new Main -fail
Vyfri>e was made, and the reft repaired: Which was no
fooner done, but they were in Danger of lofing
it again, by a new Storm ; had not iVtlliam An¬
tony , Mailer of the Vi Story, ventured, (when
none elfe would, or durft) by creeping along the
Main-yard, (which was let down clofe to the
Rails) to gather it up out of the Water, and fallen
it thereto; being, in the mean Time, often duck¬
ed over Head and Ears in the Sea. In Ihort, the
Storms were fo terrible, that fome, who had gone
to Sea for twenty Years, declared, they had never
feen the like ; and vowed, if ever they returned
fafe home, they would never go to Sea any more.
Mat with The laft of November , at Night, they met
jtrr.t Supply. wjtj1 an Englifh Ship, out of which, it was agreed,
that next Morning, they Ihould have had two or
three Tuns of Wine; pretending, that was all
the Provifion of Drink they had, excepting a Butt
or two referved for their own Ufe : But after
that, they heard no more of them, till they were
fet on Ground upon the Coaft of Ireland ; when
it appeared, that they might have relieved the
ViSiory’ s Necellities, and had fufficient to carry
them into England. The firft of, December , at
Night, they fpoke with another Englljh Ship, and
had fome Beer out of her, but not enough to car¬
ry them into England ; wherefore, the Wind
ferving, they were conllrained to put into Ire*
land.
Put lute T he fecond, they came to Anchor, not far
Ireknd, from the St. Kclmes, under the Land and Wind,
where they were fomewhat more quiet : But
that* being no fafe Harbour to ride in, they went
next Morning about to weigh Anchor; but ha¬
ving fome of their Men hurt at the Capften,
were fain to leave it behind, holding on their
Courfe to Ventre Haven. They arrived there the
fame Day, and faw an End of their great Dif-
trefs and Fatigue. So foon as they had anchor¬
ed, the Earl of Cumberland went on Shore, and
brought prefently Water and Victuals, as Mut¬
tons, Pigs, Hens, &c. to refrelh his Company ;
notwithftanding himfelf had latelybeen veryweak,
and tailed of the fame Extremities that they had
done: For in the Time of their Scarcity, having
had a little frefh Water left in a Pot, in the
Night it was broken, and the Water drank or
dried up.
Soon after, the Tick and wounded Men were
carried to Dingenacufh [or Dingle Icouch ] about
three Miles from the aforefaid Haven, and had
English to the Azores.
a the Surgeons daily to attend them. Here they r/rgrt
refrelhed themfelves, whilft the Irijh Harp found- E. of Cum!
ed fweetly in their Ears; and were in a manner L/y\
reftored to Life.
T his Dingcnacujh is the chief Town in all that Dingle
Part of Ireland , confiftingof one main Street; from d<
whence fome fmaller do proceed on either Side. ’ f ‘
It feemed to have had Gates in Times pall, at
either End, like a Town of War; and a Caftle
alfo, which the Houfes themfelves refemble, be-
b ing very ftroncjy built with thick Stone Walls,
and narrow Windows: And indeed they confel-
fed, that in troublefome Times, occafioned by
the wild Irijh, or otherwife, they ufed their
Houfes for their Defence. The Caftle and Town
were taken by the Earl of Defmond , and all
burned by him; excepting four Houfes, which
the Inhabitants having fortified, withftood him
and all bis Force. There ftill remained a thick
Stone Wall, crofting the midft of the Street,
c which was Part of their Fortification. Yet
fome confeffed, they were driven to as great Ex¬
tremities as the Jews, befieged [in Jerujalem ] by
Titus, the Roman Emperor ; having been ccn-
ftrained, for want of Provifions, to eat dead
Car cafes.
The Place is now again fomewhat repaired ; Ruined Sy
yet, in elfedl, there remain but the Ruins of the Ddmond.
former Town. Commonly they have no Chim¬
neys in their Houfes, excepting thofe of the bet-
d ter Sort; fo that the Smoak was very trouble¬
fome to the Englljh. Their Fewel is Turf
(which is very good) and Whins, or Furze.
There grows but little Wood hereabouts; this
joined to the Want of Lime, which they are fain
to fetch from a great way off, makes Building
chargeable: But Stones are fo plenty, that with
them they commonly make their Hedges, to part
their Land?. The Ground feems to be nothing
underneath but Rocks and Stones ; yet it yields
e Abundance of Grafs and Grain: As appeared from
the great Number of Cattle ; infomuch, that theyp,.,-^
had good Muttons (though fomewhat lefs than fhn-y.
the Englij). )) for two Shillings, or five Groats
apiece; with Pigs and Hens for three Pence
each.
The greateft Want is incluftrious People, to
till and cultivate the Ground : For the common
Sort, if they can provide fufficient to ferve from
Hand to Mouth, take no farther Care. Money M r
F feemed to be very fcarce amongft them ; which oney-'
perhaps was the Reafon that they made their
Guefts pay for many Things double and treble
the Prizes they went at before they came thither.
Good Land was to be had for four Pence the
Acre, yearly Rent. There are Mines of Alom,
Tin, Brkfe, and Iron. They faw Stones as clear
as Cryftal, naturally fquared like Diamonds.
That Part of the Country is full of great
Mountains
Cruizing Voyages of the
^89. Mountains and Hills, from whence defcended
English to the Azores^
2I5
.of
Ipi1 Styve-
'£», °r
\ovcrr.cur ,
; m if De
y:on
Cumb, the pleafant Streams of Water. The hardy Con-
ftitutions of the Natives appeared in this, that their
fmall Children run ufually, in the midft of Win¬
ter, up and down the Streets, bare -footed, and
bare-legged, and often with no other Apparel,
than a Mantle to cover them.
The chief Officer of their Town they call
their Sovereign, who had the fame Authority a-
mong them, that Mayors have in England ; with
his Sergeants to attend him, in the fame Man¬
ner, and bear the Mace before him. They were
firft entertained at his Houfe, which was one of
the four that withftood the Earl of Defmond in
.his Rebellion. They have .the fame Form of
Common-Prayer, Word for Word, in Latin , as
in England. On Sunday , the Sovereign came to
Church, with his Sergeant before him, accom¬
panied by the Sheriff, and others of the Town.
There they kneel down, every Man faying his
Prayers to himfelf. After this, they rife and go
out again to drink; which being done, they re¬
turn to Church, and then the Minifter begins
Prayers.
Their Manner of baptizing differeth fome-
thing from the Englijh ; Part of the Service be¬
longing thereto, is repeated in Latin , and Part
in trijh. The Minifter taking the Child in his
Hands, firft dippeth it backwards, and then for¬
wards, over Head and Ears, into the cold Water,
in the midft of Winter : Another Inftance of
their being hardy. They had neither Bell, Drum,
nor Trumpet, to call the Parifhioners together ;
but they watch when their Sovereign comes,
and they who have any Devotion follow him.
They make their Bread all in Cakes, and
the Bakers, for their Trouble, have the tenth
Part. Ten or eleven Tuns of' Beer were bought
forth e Fiftory but it proving purgative to the
Men, they chofe rather to drink Water.
■:y depart. The twentieth of December , the Wind be¬
ing very fair, they departed, accompanied with
Sir Edward Dennie , his Lady, and two yotmg
■Sons. While his Lordftiip was aftiore, this Morn-
•kl PdJ> «
a ing, to difpatch the laft of the Water, he learn- 1589.
ed News, that fixty Spanijh Prizes had been taken E. of Cumb.
and brought to England. For two or three ■ •
Days they had a fair W ind, and then it fell fo,
that they lingered on the Way. After this they
met with an Englijh Ship, which railed the
Number of thofe Prizes to ninety ; and with this
joyful, brought the forrowful News : That the
laft and beft Prize had fuffered Shipwreck at Ah
EJferne , that is. Hell Cliff‘s in Cornwall ; and that
b Captain Lijler was drowned, and all his Men,C^*W Lif-
excepting three Englijhmen, and as many Spani-^Jf^ Mcrt
ards , who efcaped by fwimming : But that much J
of the Goods were faved by the Care of Sir
Francis Godolphin , and the Gentlemen of the
Country. The Earl was very forry for Captain
Lijler’ s Death ; wifhing that he had loft his
Voyage to have faved his Life.
The twenty-ninth, they met with another Munrkb ^
Ship, from which they had the fame News : Al- Prixa.
c fo, that Sir Martin Frob'tjher , and Captain Rey-
mond , had taken the Admiral, and Vice-Admi¬
ral of the Fleet, which put into Tercera , as
mentioned before ; that the Admiral , being
very leaky, funk, near to the Idy Stone [or Ed-
dijlone ] a Rock that lieth over-againft Plymouth
Sound , but that the Men were faved ; and that
Captain Prejlons Ship had taken a Prize laden
with Silver.
The Earl, going on board this Ship, went 7%- arrive
d to Falmouth ; and the Viflory held on her Courfe<J/Falmcutlv
for Plymouth. At Night (he drew near the Ram-
head (the next Cape Weftwards from Plymouth
Sound) but fearing to attempt to pafs it in the
Dark, left the Windfhould fail, they ftood off
to Sea till towards Morning, when they had the
Wind more at large ; yet partly by not making
* fufficient Ufe of it, and partly by miftaking the
Land, they were driven fo much to Leewards,
that they could not double the Cape. There-
e fore they turned back, and came into Falmouth
Haven, where they (truck on Ground in feven-
teen Foot Water : But as the Tide was out*,
and the Bottom foft, no Hurt was done.
r
€ H A p;
/
Cruizing Voyages of English to the Azores.
2 1 6
1591.
- Greenville.
C H A P. XIII.
G
!59!
reenvili
Jfhe Fight between the Revenge Man of War , commanded by Sir Richard Green¬
ville", and fifteen Armadas of the King of Spain, in 1591.
Written by Sir Walter Ralegh b, Knight .
yf Preliminary Discourse, by Sir
Walter.
His Apology QIR Walter's Motive for writing this Ac-
for writing, count of the f ight,- was to refute the falfe
Reports that had been fpread in England , as well
as the Low Countries , and elfewhere, relating
thereto, by the Spaniards ; who, according to
Cuftom, gave their Difgraces a falfe Glofs, and
braeged of Vi£tory, when they had been moil
fhamefully beaten. However, Sir IValter thinks
it no Wonder, that they Ihould endeavour, by
untrue and llanderous Pamphlets, Advices, and
Letters, to mifreprefent an Action performed at
a Diftance ; feeing they were not alhamed in the
Year 1588, after their invincible Armada (as they
Riled it) had been almoft all deftroyed or taken
by a few Englijh Ships, without the Lofs of one,
to boa ft, in Print, of great Vi&ories obtained
againft this Realm; Spreading their Itnpoftures,
in divers Languages, over France , Italy , and o-
ther Countries.
X)cftat of the f{ERE Sir Walter Ralegh, fumming up briefly
x$32‘/’ ‘n the chief Articles of that .great Tranfa&ion, ob-
ferves, that this Armada confifted of 140 Sail of
Ships, including the greateft Argofies , Portugal
Carccks , Florentines, and huge Hulks of other
Count 1 ies; that the1 Queen’s Ships were no more
than thirty, aflifted by only a few Merchant¬
men, under the wife and valiant Conduct of the
Lord Charles Howard , High Admiral of En¬
gland : That by this fmall Fleet they were beaten
and fhuffled together, from the Lizard, in Corn-
wal , firft to Portland , where they fhamefully
deferteu Don Pedro de Valdes, with his mighty
Ship ; from Portland to Cales, where they loft
Hugo de Moncado, with the Galleys which he
commanded ; and from Cales , driven with Squibs,
were chaced out of Sight of England , round a-
bout Scotland and Ireland : That at this laft
Place, hoping to find Succour and Afliftance, on
account of their barbarous Religion, many of
them were crufhed againft the Rocks ; while
thofe who landed, though very numerous, being
defeated, (lain, and taken, were fent from Vil¬
lage to Village, coupled in Halters, to be flap¬
ped into England : That the Queen difdaining
to put them to death, and fcorning either to de¬
tain or entertain them, they were all fent back
again to their own Countries, to report the glo¬
rious Atchievements of their invincible and dread¬
ful Navy.
That although their Oftentation was fuch,SPani(h
as to publifli before-hand, a Lift of their Forces,
containing the Number of Soldiers, the Burthen ‘ ,m'
of their Ships, the Commanders Names of every
Squadron, with an Account of their Ammuni¬
tion and Provifion : As if they imagined their
Army and Navy were irrefiftible, and that it
was not poflible to provide a Fleet to oppofe
them ; yet they did not, in all their Progrefs
round about England, either fink or take one
fingle Ship, Bark, Pinnace, or Cockboat, or fo
much as burn one Sheep-cote belonging to En¬
gland : Whereas, on the contrary, Sir Francis
Drake , with only 800 Soldiers, not long before,
landed in their Indies , and took Sant Jago, San¬
to Domingo, and the Forts of Florida from them.
That after this. Sir John Norris marched from
Peniche, in Portugal , with a Handful of Soldiers,
to the Gates of Lisbon (being above forty En-
glijb Miles) where the Earl of EJfex, and other
valiant Gentlemen, infulted that City, encamp¬
ing at the very Gates : That after many Days
Stay, finding neither the Party, nor Provifion to
batter, which they expected, they retreated by
Land, in Spite of all their Garifons, both of
Horfe and Foot.
Sir IValter made this Digreflion, only to fhew Cbar«at f
the Difference between the two Nations: The^m*
one covetous of Honour, without Boaft or Bra¬
vado; the other fo greedy to be thought fuperior
to others, and to conceal their own Dilho-
nours, that they will not ftick at the mod
: barefaced Fallhoods to gratify that foolifh Hu¬
mour. On gaining the fmalleft Advantage over
the Englifl), if it were but for taking one poor
Adventurer, they will celebrate the VuStory with
Bonfires in every Town; always fpending more
in Faggots, than the Prize they obtained was worth :
Whereas when the EngliJI) have taken eight or
ten of their India Ships, and twenty of the Brazil
a In the Text of Hakluyt , it is written Grinuilc, but in the Running-Title Greewill, b This Nar¬
rative is jnferted in Hakluyt, vol. 2. part 2. p. 169. and entitled, A Report of the Trueth of the Fight about the
Wes of Acores, the left of Auguft, 1591- betwixt the Revenge, one of her Majefy's Ships , and an Armada cf
st he King of Spain; penned by the Honourable Sir Waiter Ralegh, Knight .
Fleet,
Cruizing Voyages of the
Fleet at one Time, they were never fo vain-glo¬
rious as to confume two Billets upon the Occa-
fion.
SECT. I.
The Englifh furprized by the Spanifli Armada.
Bad State of their Fleet. The Revenge inter¬
cepted by them. Boarded by the San Felipe, and
four others , which are beaten off. Two Admi¬
ral Ships funk. The whole Armada , by Turns ,
affault Sir Richard, and are rtpulfed. The
Revenge miferably torn. Sir Richard’x defpe-
rate Reflation to fink the Ship. Oppofed b\ the
Captain and Majlcr.
The Englfli nr^ H E Lord Thomas Howard , with fix of
furprized by the Queen’s Ships, fix Victuallers of Lon-
the Armada. the Ralegh , and two or three other
Pinnaces riding at Anchor near Flores , one of
the Wefterly Iflands of the Azores , the laft of
Augujl , in the Afternoon, had Intelligence by
one Captain Middleton , of the Approach of the
Spanijh Armada. Middleton being a very good
Sailor, had kept them Company for three Days
before, on purpofe both to difeover their Forces,
and give Lord Thomas Notice of their Approach.
He had no fooner delivered the News, but the
F leet was in Sight. Many of the Ships Compa¬
ny were on Shore, fome providing Ballaft, others
filling of Water, and refrefhing themfelves with
fuch Things as they could get, either for Money,
or by Force. The Ships themfelves were in great
Diforder, befides wanting Ballaft.
Bad State of But what was worft of all, one half of the
the Fleet.
Men were fick, and quite unfit for Service : For
in the Revenge there were ninety difeafed ; in
the Bonaventure not fo many in Health, as could
handle her Mainfail : Infomuch, that had not
twenty Men been taken out of a Bark of Sir
George Carey’s (which was ordered to be funk)
and turned into her, (he had hardly ever recover¬
ed England. The reft, for the moft Part, were
in little better State. The Names of her Majef-
ty’s Ships were, the Defiance , which was Admi¬
ral ; the Revenge , Vice-Admiral ; the Bonaven-
ture , commanded by Captain Crofs ; • the Lion ,
by George Fenner ; the Forefight , by Mr. Thomas
Vavafour ; and the Crane> by Dujfild. The
Forefight and the Crane being but fmall Ships ;
only the others were of the middle Size : The reft,
except the Bark Ralegh , commanded by Cap¬
tain Thiny were Victuallers, and of fmall or no
Force.
TMtevcnge The Spaniff Fleet having covered their Ap-
<»«rccpted. proach by the Ifland, came fo fuddenly upon the
English to //^Azores, 217
i Men who were upon the Ifland, and otherwife 1591.
had been loft. The Lord Floward and the reft, Greenville.
With much Difficulty, recovered the Wind :
which Sir Richard Grinvile not being able to do,
he was perfuaded by the Mafter, and others, to
cut his Main-fail and tack about, and fo truft to
the failing of his Ship ; for the Squadron of Se-
vil were on his Weather-bow. But Sir Richard
utterly refufed to turn from the Enemy; decla¬
ring, that he would rather die, than difhonour
3 himfelf, his Country, and her Majefty’s Ship.
He therefore endeavoured to perfuade his Com¬
pany, that he would pafs through both Squadrons
in fpite of them ; and force thofe of Sevil to
give him Way. This he performed with refpect
to feveral of the foremoft Ships ; which, as the
Mariners term it, fprung a Luffe, and fell under
the Lee of the Revenge. However, the other
Courfe had certainly been the better ; and might
well have been juftified by the Impoflibility of
c prevailing. Notwithftanding, out of the Great-
nefs of his Mind, he could not be difluaded.
But while he attended thofe that were near -Boarded by
eft him, the Great San Philip (of no lefs thanfieS,philip>
1500 Tons) being in the Wind, and coming to¬
wards him, becalmed his Sails in fuch Sort, that
the Ship could neither make way, nor feel the
Helm : After this fhe laid the Revenge aboard ;
which being thus bereft of her Sails, the Ships, that
were under her Lee, luffing up, alfo laid her a-
d board ; Of which the next was the Admiral of
the Bifcaines , a large Ship, of great Force, com¬
manded by Brittandona. The Philip carried three
Tire of Ordnance on each Side, and eleven
Pieces of Guns in every Tire. She (hot eight
out of her Chafe, befides thofe of her Stern
Ports.
After the Revenge was entangled with th q And four
Philip , four others boarded her; two on her"*®**
Larboard, and two on her Starboard. The Fight
e thus beginning at three in the Afternoon, con¬
tinued very terrible all that Evening. But the
Great San Philip having received the lower Tire
of the Revenge , charged with Crofs-bar Shot,
fhifted herfelf in all hafte from her Sides, utter¬
ly difliking her firft Entertainment. Some faid,
that fhe foundered ; but the Author would not
vouch it for Truth. The Spanijh Ships were fil¬
led with Companies of Soldiers, in fome, two
hundred, befides the Mariners ; in fome five, in
others, eight hundred. In the Englijh there
were none, befides the Mariners, but the Ser¬
vants of the Commanders, and fome few Gen¬
tlemen Voluntiers. After exchanging minyToeyare
Vollies of great and fmall Shot, the Spaniards beaten of*
Englijh Ships, that they had fcarce Time to weigh concluded to enter the Revenge , and made divers
their Anchors; and fome were forced to flip their Attempts, hoping to force her by their armed
Cables and get offi. Sir Richard Grinvile was the Numbers ; but were ftill beaten back into their
laft who weighed, having ftayed to take in the Ships, or the Sea.
Vox,. I. N° X. F f
In
2 1 8
Cruizing Voyages of the
1591. In the Beginning of the Fight, the George
Greenville. Noble, of London , having received fome Shot
through her by the Armadas, fell under the
Lee of the Revenge , and afked Sir Richard what
he would have him do ; being but one of the
Victuallers, and of fmall Force? Sir Richard
bid him fave himfelf, and leave him to his For¬
tune. After the Fight had thus, without Inter-
miffion, continued while the Day lafted, and
fome Hours of the Night, many of the Englijh
were llain and hurt: On the other Side, one of
the great Galleons, and the Admiral of the
TjMcAdmral Hu 1 ks, were both funk ; beiides great Slaughter
Ju,‘- ■ made in many other of the Spani/h Ships. Some
write, that Sir Richard was dangeroufly hurt, al-
moft in the Beginning of the Fight ; and lay,
for a Time, fpeechlefs : But two of the Revenge's
Company, brought home in a Ship of Lime from
the Blands, and examined by fome of the Lords,
and others, affirmed, that he was never fo wound¬
ed, as to forfake the upper Deck, till an Hour
before Midnight ; that then being fhot into the
Body with a Mufket, as he was dreffing, he was
again fhot into the Head, and his Surgeon mor¬
tally wounded. With this agreeth alfo an Exa¬
mination of four other Mariners of the fame
Ship, taken by Sir Francis Godolphin , and lent to
Mr. William Killegrue , of the Queen’s Privy-
Chamber.
•rhewhoIe But to return to the Fight: As faft as the
Armada rc- Spaniards were wounded and beaten off, others
fulfed. fucceeded in their Places ; the Revenge having
never had fewer than two mighty Galleons by her
Sides and aboard her : So that from the Time the
Engagement began, till next Morning, fifteen
feveral Armadas had affailed her j yet they all
fo ill approved of the Entertainment they met
with, that, by Break of Day, they were far
more willing to hearken to a Compofition, than
renew their Attacks. But as the Day advanced,
her Men decreafed, and their Diftrefs improved :
For none appeared in Sight but Enemies ; except¬
ing one fmall Ship, called the Pilgrim , command¬
ed by 'Jacob iVhiddon , who hovered all Night to
fee the Succefs : But, in the Morning, bearing
with the Revenge , was hunted like a Hare a-
mongft many ravenous Hounds ; however he ef-
caped.
‘/‘^Revenge All the Powder of the Revenge , to the laft
drably Barrel, was now fpent, and all her Pikes broken ;
forty of the beft Men flain, and moft of the reft
hurt. In the Beginning of the Fight, fhe had
but one hundred free from Sicknefs j fourfeore
and ten lying fick, in the Hold, upon the Bal-
laft : A fmall Crew to man fuch a Ship, and a
weak Garifon to withftand fo mighty an Army !
By thefe hundred all was fuftained, the Vollies
Boardings, and Enterings of fifteen Ships of War •
befides thofe which beat her at large. On the
English to the Azores.
1 contrary, the Spaniards were continually fupplied 1591.
with Soldiers brought from every Squadron ; and Greenville,
had all manner of Arms, as well as Powder, in v—
Plenty. To the Englijh , in fhort, there remain¬
ed no Comfort at all, no Hope, no Supply either
of Ships, Men or Weapons; the Malts all beat¬
en overboard ; all her Tackle cut afunder ; her
upper Work entirely rafed : She was, in effeCl,
evened with the Water, and no more than the
Foundation, or Bottom of a Ship ; nothing being
b left over-head, either for Flight or Defence.
Sir Richard finding himfelf in this Diftrefs, ■^'•Richard
and unable any longer to make Refiftancc (hzvingRc^o!utm'
endured in this fifteen Hours Fight, the Attack
of fifteen Armadas, all by Turns aboard him, and
received, by Eftimation, eight hundred Shot of
great Artillery, befides many Affaults and En¬
tries ;) reflecting alfo, that both himfelf and the
Ship, in a little Time, muft needs be poffefled by
the Enemy, who were now all caft in a Ring
: about him : (The Revenge not being able to move
one Way or other, but as fhe was moved by the
Sea ;) he therefore commanded the Mafter Gun¬
ner, whom he knew to be a refolute Man, to
fplit and fink the Ship ; that nothing might re¬
main of Glory or Victory to the Spaniards : Who
in fo many Hours Fight, with above ten thou-
fand Men, and fifty-three Men of War, were
not able to take her. At the fame Time he ex¬
horted the Company to yield themfelves to the
1 Mercy of God, and none elfe ; and that as they
had, like valiant Men, repulfed fo many Ene¬
mies, they fhould not now impair the Honour
of their Nation, by prolonging their own Lives
for a few Hours, or a few Days.
The Mafter Gunner, and divers others, readi- OppofcdUi
ly confented ; but the Captain and Mafter op- the Cap at w
pofed that Refolution, and befonght Sir Richard°nd Ma^'
to have more Regard for their Lives. He al-
ledged, that the Spaniards would be as ready to
: come to a Compofition, as they to offer it ; and
that feveral brave able Men being ftill left, whofe
Wounds were not mortal, they might live to do
their Country and Prince good Service hereafter.
And whereas Sir Richard had declared, that the
Spaniards fhould never glory to have taken one
of the Queen's Ships, after having fo long and
notably defended themfelves ; they anfwered, that
the Ship had fix Foot Water in Hold, three Shot
under Water, which were fo weakly flopped,
that with the firft working of the Sea fhe muft
needs fink; and withal, wasfo crufhed and bruif-
ed, that fhe could never be removed out of the
Place.
SECT. II.
Honourable Terms obtained from the Spaniards. Sir
Richard over-ruled by a Majority. Is carried
on board the Spanifh Admiral. Is generoujly
2 treated
Cruizing Voyages of the English to the Azores.
219
treated by Don Alfonfo Ba^an. Great Lofs of a Shot and Boarding of fo many huge Yeflels ; 1591.
/A* Spaniards. Sir Richard dies. Apology for ' ■ ' ’ A ’
the refl of the Fleet. Lord Howard vindicated.
’The Armada difperfed , and mojl of them cajl a-
tuay. Number of Aden drowned. The Engli(h
Jlripfed by Englifh and lrifh. End of the Def-
mond Family. Wloat Ufe the Spaniards make of
Religion. A Caution to Englifh men againjl being
f educed by them.
Honourable
[tarns' ob-
iir.cd .
and to repel the Affaults and Entries of fo mi- Greenville,
ny Soldiers. Yet all this and more has been con-
firmed by a Spanijh Captain of the fame Arma¬
da, prefent in the Fight ; who being fevered
from the reft in a Storm, was taken by the Li -
on, of London , a fmall Ship, and a Prifoner in
London , when Sir Walter wrote this Narrative.
Don Alfonfo Ba^an was Brother to the Mar- Lc/} of the
quis of Santa Cruz. The Admiral of the Bifcaine Spaniards.
WHILE the Matter was thus in Difpute, b Squadron, was Britandtna \ of the Squadron of
Sir Richard refufing to hearken to any Sevil, the Marquis of Arumburch ; the Hulks
and Flyboats were commanded by Luis Coutinho.
There were flain and drowned in this Fight,
well near one Thoufand of the Enemies, and
two fpecial Commanders, Don Luis de Sant 'John ,
and Don George de Prunaria de Mallaga, as the
Spanijh Captain confefted ; befides divers other
confiderable Perfons, whofe Names were not then
come to hand. The Admiral of the Hulks, and
Sir Richard refufing to hearken to any
of thofe Reafons, the Mafter of the Revenue
was conveyed aboard the Spaniflo General, Don
Alfonfo Bafan ; leaving the Captain over the greater
Part of the Men. As the General found none were
over-hafty to enter the Ship again, fearing Sir
Richard would have blown himfelf up, and them
along with him, and that by the Mafter’s Re¬
port, this was his defperate Refolution ; he yield¬
ed that all their Lives fhould be faved, and the c the Afcenfion of Sevil were both funk by the
Company fent for England ; the better Sort paying
fuch reafonable Ranfom as their Circumftances
would bear ; and that, in the mean Time, they
fhould be free from Galley or Imprifonment.
To this Don Alfonfo fo much the rather conde-
feended, out of the Defire he had to recover Sir
Richard Greenville , whom, for his extraordinary
Valour, he feemed greatly to efteemand admire,
Side of the Revenge ; one other recovered the
Road of St. ALichaef and funk alfo there ; a fourth
ran herfelf on Shore, to fave her Men. Sir&vRichard’f
Richard died, as it is faid, the fecond or third Death.
Day, aboard the General, and was by them
greatly bewailed. What became of his Body,
whether it was buried in the Sea, or on the
Land, was not known to Sir Walter. As for his
as well as to prevent farther Lofs and Mifchief Fame, it will remain to lateft Pofterity, having
It/V Richard
Melds tt
S umbers.
to his Armada.
When this Anfwer was returned, and that
Safety of Life was promifed, moft of the com¬
mon Sort being now at the End of their Dan¬
ger, drew back from Sir Richard ; and the Maf¬
ter Gunner, who finding himfelf and Sir Rich¬
ard thus prevented by a Majority, would have
flain himfelf with a Sword, had he not been by
Force withheld, and locked up in his Cabin.
The General having fent feveral Boats aboard
ended his Life fo greatly to the Honour of his
Country, and Reputation of his Family.
Th e Reafons why the reft of the Queen’s Apology fn-
Ships entered not fo far into the Fight as th Qtkelka.
Revenge , were thefe : Firft, there were only fix
in all, whereof two but fmall Ships; the Revenge
engaged paft Recovery ; the Ifland of Flores was
on one Side, and fifty-three Sail of the Spanijh
divided into Squadrons, on the other, all filled
as full with Soldiers as they could contain ; al-
the Revenge , many of the Men ftole away to the e moft one half of the Englifh fick, and not able
Spanijh Ships, for fear of Sir Richard's refolute
Difpofition. Soon after he was fent to by Don
Alfonfo , to remove out of the Revenge ; the Ship
being extreamly naufeous, filled with Blood and
Bodies of dead and wounded Men, like a Slaugh-
ter-houfe. Our Hero anfwered, that the Gene¬
ral might do with his Body what he lift, for he
valued it not. As he was carried out of the Ship
he fwooned, and reviving again, defired the
Company to pray for him.
■ rtnenujly Don Alfonfo ufed Sir Richard with all Hu-
manity> anc^ nothing ijnattemptcd, that tend¬
ed to his Recovery ; highly commending his
Valour and Worthinefs, and greatly bewailing
the Danger wherein he was : It having been to
them an unufual Spe&acle, and Inftance of more
than common Refolution, to fee one Ship turn
towards fuch a Number of Enemies; to ftand the
to ferve ; the Ships grown foul, unroomaged, and
fcarcely able to bear any Sail, for want of Bal-
laft, having been fix Months at Sea before. If
the reft had engaged, they had all been loft : For
the Spanijh Ships were fo huge, that in cafe no
other Violence had been offered, they would
have crufhed ours between them into Shivers.
However it is certain, that the Lord How -Lord How¬
ard would have entered between the Squad rons,^Jy"'^''
f but the reft would not confent ; and the Mafter
of his Ship offered to leap into the Sea, fooncr
than conduct the Fleet to be a Prey to the Ene¬
my, feeing there was no Hope or Poflibility, ei¬
ther of Defence or Victory. The Author him¬
felf is alfo of Opinion, that it comported nei¬
ther with the Prudence nor Truft of a General,
to commit himfelf and his Charge to an affured
Deftru&ion. The Forefight of the Queen’s, com-
Ff z
manded
22o Cruizing Voyages of the English to the -A zores,
1591. manded by Mr. Vavifor, ventured far into the
Greenville. Engagement, and flayed two Hours as near the
*— -V— Revenge as the Weather would permit him ; not
forfaking the Fight till he was ready to be en-
compafled by the Squadrons, and with great Dif¬
ficulty cleared himfelf. The reft difcharged fe-
veral Broad-ftdes, and entered as far as the Place
would permit, or the Neceflity they were under
of keeping the Weather-gage of the Enemy al¬
low, till they were parted by Night.
Spanifh A few Days after the Fight was ended, and
^pelfed ‘I'd Fnglijh Prifoners diftributed among the Ships
if, 1 u of the Armada and the India Fleet, (which had
then joined them) they were all difperfed by a
great Storm from the Weft and North- Weft.
Fourteen Sail of them, with the Revenge , and in
her two hundred Spaniards , were wrecked upon
the Ifle of St, Michael. This was the End of
that renowned Ship, whofe Obfequies were ho¬
noured with the Deftrudfion of fo many of her
Enemies. On the reft of the Iflands, there were
caft away in this Storm, fifteen or fixteen more
of the Ships of War ; and, of above an hundred
Sail of the India Fleet, expected this Year in
Spain, there were (partly in this Tempeft, partly
before in the Bay of Mexico , and about the Ber¬
mudas ) feventy odd confumed and loft, reckon¬
ing thofe taken by the Ships of London: Befides
one very rich India Ship, which being boarded by
the Pilgrim , fet herfelf on Fire ; and five others,
taken by Mr. Wats' s Ship of London , between the
Numbm of Havana and Cape St. Antonio. The fourth of
Mm drown- t^is Month of November , Letters came here from
the Tercera, affirming, that three thoufand Bodies
of Men remained in that Ifland, faved out of the
perifhed Ships : And that by the Spaniard's own
Confeffion, there are ten thoufand caft away in
this Storm, befides thofe that perifhed between
the Iflands and the Continent a.
Tbc Englilh A day or two before this Wreck happened,
jiripped by fome of the Prifoners having defired to be landed
Enghih. Up0n the Elands, hoping to be from thence trans¬
ported into England , (which Liberty had been
promifed by the General) one Morice Fitz John,
Son of old John of Defmond. , a noted Traitor,
Coufin German to the late Earl of Defmond , was
fent to the Englijh from Ship to Ship, to perfuade
them to ferve the King of Spain. The Argu¬
ments he ufed to induce them were, the Increafe
of Pay, which he promifed fhould be treble ; Ad¬
vancement to the better Sort ; and the Exercife
of the true Catholick Religion, for the Salvation
of their Souls. Sir Walter obferves, that thofe
Englijh and lrijk Rebels, were fo poor and beg¬
garly, that for Want of Apparel, they ftripped 1591.,
their diftrefled Countrymen of their ragged Gar- Greenville
ments, worn to nothing by fix Months Service ; v— 'V"*
taking even the bloody Shirts off their wounded
Bodies, and the very Shoes from their Feet : 'Phis
he thinks was but an ill Sign that their Wages
would be raifed. He fays, as to the fecond Mo¬
tive, that no Man who has been difloyal to his
natural Prince, can ever expedl Favour or Con¬
fidence from another : That on the contrary they
may be fure to be employed in all defperate En-
terprizes, and to be held always in Scorn by thofe
whom they ferve : That he never read, or could
remember an Inftance, that a Traitor was ever
trufted or advanced.
With Regard to Morice Defmond , he ob -Endofth
ferves, that no Man could have worfe become thejMn‘,otKj
Place of an Orator, for fuch a Purpofe, than he : l’>'
For that, firft, the Earl his Coufin, who was one
of the greateft Subjects in the Kingdom of Ire¬
land, had almoft whole Countries in his Pofleflion,
with many goodly Manors, Caftles, and Lord-
fhips ; was Count Palatine of Kerry , and had
five hundred Gentlemen of his own Name and
Family, befides others, to follow him; Honours
which he peaceably enjoyed for three or four
hundred Years ; this Earl, in lefs than three Years
after his Rebellion, and Adherence to the Spa¬
niards, was beaten from all his Holds, and not
fo many as ten Gentlemen of his Name lei t alive ;
himfelf taken, and beheaded by a Soldier of his
own Nation ; and his Land given by the Parlia¬
ment to the Queen, whereby it pafled to the
Englijh. The other Coufin, Sir John of Defmond,
was taken by Mr. John Zouch ; and his Body hang¬
ed over the Gates of his native City, to be de¬
voured by Ravens. The third Brother, Sir James,
was hanged, drawn, and quartered, in the fame
Place.
Touching the laft Point, Religion, Sir Wal- Spaniard’
ter fays, it would require a particular Volume, to l jj°f Rc
fliew how irreligioufly they cover their greedy and^",',
ambitious Views, with the Veil of Piety: That
they invade every Kingdom, or Commonwealth
in Europe ; if it be Reformed, it is then for Re¬
ligion fake ; if it be, (as they term it) Catholic,
they fet up a Title to it b ; and thus, had they
Power, no Country could efcape them; as if the
Kings of Cafile were the natural Heirs of all the
f World. When they dare not with their own
Forces invade any Nation, they bafely entertain
the Traitors and Vagabonds thereof ; feeking by
Means of fuch, and their runnagate Jefuits, to
gain Dominions : That by the fame Methods,
* Sir Wt alter, making Reflection here, will have this Lofs to be a Judgment of God on the Spaniards :
But we mud not countenance that Superltition in our own Nation, which we have already condemned in others.
.However, it may be faid in Sir PF alter s Favour, that this was rather the Fault of the Times he lived, in, than
of himfelf. b This is verified, by their late Claims to the Aujlrian Dominions.
Cruizing Voyages of the E
j 1591. they have ruined many Families of theNobility and a
; Flickc. Gentry, as well as the common People of England ;
and yet, at the fame Time, it does not appear,
that any Perfon ever yet reaped any Honour or
Advantage by them : That if the Englijh Papijls
would but look into Portugal , againft which the
Spaniards have no Objection on the Score of Re¬
ligion, and only obferve how the Nobility are put
to Death, and imprifoned, their rich Men made
a Prey of, and all Sorts of People captived ; they
fhall find, that the Obedience even of //;<?Turk, b
is eafy , and a Liberty in Refpett of the Slavery and
Tyranny of Spain. What have they done in Sicily ,
in Naples , Milan , and in the Low Countries ?
Who hath there been fpared on Account of Re¬
ligion at all ?
-in hjlance. O N tfiis Occafion, Sir Walter relates a Paflage
concerning a certain Burgher of Antwerp , whofe
Houfe having been entered by a Company of
Spanijh Soldiers, when they firft facked the City,
he befought them to fpare him and his Goods, as c
being a good Catholick, and one of their own
Party. The Spaniards anfwered, that as to him-
felf, they knew he was very orthodox, and a
true Son of the Church : But for his Money,
Plate, Jewels, and Goods, they were all hereti¬
cal ; and therefore good Prize. Thus they abuled
and tormented the foolifh Fleming ; who imagined
that an Agnus Dei would have been a fufiicient
Protection to him againft all Violence, from that
holy and charitable Nation. They will very d
gravely proteft, that they never invaded the King¬
doms of the Indies , and Peru , or any other Part
of America , either for Gold or Dominion, but
purely with a View to reduce the People to ChriJ -
N G L I S H to the A Z 0 R E S. 22 l
tianity : Yet, in the Ifiand of Hifpaniola only, 1591.
they have deftroyed thirty thoufand of the natu- Flicke.
ral Inhabitants, befides many Millions a in other V— -y— — ^
Parts of the Indies: An innocent and harmlefs
People created of God, who might have been
won to his Knowledge by Perfualion ! Their la¬
mentable Story is at large written by Bartholo¬
mew de las Cafas , a Bilhop of their own Nation b,
and tranflated into Englijh , and many other Lan¬
guages, intituled, The Spanijh Cruelties. Who
therefore would repofe Truft in fuch a blood-
thirfty Nation ? But leaft of all ought the Eng-
lijh , whofe Blood they more greedily thirft after,
than that of any other People in Europe , on Ac¬
count of the many Overthrows and Difhonours
they have received at their Hands; whereby,
their Weaknefs has been difcovered to the World ;
we having with only Handfuls of Men and Ships,
routed their Forces at home and abroad, in Eu¬
rope , and in India , by Sea, and by Land.
Sir Walter therefore exhorts all Englijhmen , of Caution t»
what Religion foever, to take it for granted, that theEngliftu
Spaniard efteems thofe whom he decoys over to men°
his Intereft, to be bafe and traiterous Knaves, or
unconftant Fools; and that he makes a Pretence
of Religion, for no other Purpofe, but to bewitch
them from their Allegiance : Hoping, in Time,
by fuch Arts, to bring the Nation into SubjeClion
and Slavery ; after which, none would be more
odious and contemptible to him, than the Traitors
themfelves : A Race of Men, deteftable in all
Ages and Nations, Chrijlian or Pagan ; who have
fullered any Extremity, even Death itfelf, fooner
than betray their Country, or the Allegiance due
to their lawful Prince.
U
CHAP. XIV.
A Cruizing Voyage to the Azores in 1591, with a Fleet of London Ships, wider
the Command of Captain Robert Flicke ; dejigned as Supplies to Lord Thomas
Howard.
Written by the Captain himfelf
To which is added , an Account of the Well India Fleet y expected in Spain the fame
Tear ; and the Number of its Ships lofi or taken.
Previous Remarks.
TH E following Voyage is extracted from a fourth of Oflober, 1591, and fent from thence
Letter c, dated at Plymouth the twenty- by Captain Ftii&e, to three of the Proprietors, or
3 De las Cafas, mentioned a little lower in the Text, computes the Indians murdered by them, in about fifty
Years only, to no fewer than twenty Millions : Shocking Barbarity ! In fhort, of all Popijb Nations, they and*
the Portuguese, have. deftroyed moll of Mankind. 0 He was Bilhop of Chiapa in New Spain. c This
Letter is inferted in Hakluyt, Vol. 2. part. 2. p. 176. under the Title of, A Report of Mr. Robert Flicke, di¬
rected to Mr. Thomas Bromley, Mr. Richard Staper, and Mr. Cordall, concerning the Succefs of a Part of the
London Supplies, fait to my Lord Thomas Howard, to the Ifes of the Azores, 1591.
Cont/'aClors,
222
Cruizing Voyage s of the English to the Azores.
1591. Contractors, (as we apprehend) for the Ships. In a
Flicke. this Letter, no Mention is made of the Number
of Ships employed, nor of the Names of more
than tv/o Captains, behdes Flicke , viz. Brothus
and Furtho, which laft carried the Letter. We
find alfo the Names of four of the Ships, viz.
the Gojlely , the Centurion, the Cherubim , and the
Margaret and John : But not of their Command¬
ers, nor fo much as the Name of the Ship in
which Captain Flicke himfelf failed ; ami we,
for Diftindtion fake, call the Admiral. Tbefe b
Omifiions may be excufable in a private Letter,
written only to inform the Merchants of Things
that they were not before acquainted with, and not
defigned as a formal Relation of the Voyage to be
laid before the Public : But as they are Particulars
efl'ential to Narratives of this Kind, it might have
been expedled, that Mr. Flakluyt would have fup-
plied fuch Defedts, if, as we have already ob-
ferved % it was not his Cuftom to neglect them.
As to the Number of Ships however, we judge c
there were feven, from hence: That in the an¬
nexed Account of the India Fleet, Mention is
made of fix Englijh Ships that fell in with it j
which, in all Probability, were thofe feparated
from the Admiral, which make feven.
The Cap¬
tain's Or¬
ders.
The VOYAGE.
The Captain s Orders. Coajl of Spain. Ijlands
Tercera, Flores, Corvo. it Sail de/cried. Vio¬
lent Storms. Three Ships taken. One attempts
to efcape. Another founders. One fet adrift.
The Crew plunder the Frizes , and mutiny for the
Silver. News of the Armada, and Weft India
Fleet. Lojfes of the latter. The Admiral returns
to Plymouth.
TH E feventeenth of Augujl , the Fleet de¬
parted from Plymouth b, the Wind not
ferving before. Next Day, the Captain caufing a
Flag of Counfel to be put forth, the Captains
and Mafters of every Ship came aboard, whom
he acquainted with his Commilfion, (firmed by
the Right Honourable the Lords of her Majefty’s
Council) and the Advices Sir Edward Denny had
received, of Lord Howards Determination, to re¬
main threefcore Leagues to the Weft of Fayal ,
fpreading his Ships North and South, betwixt the
Latitude of 37 °. 30'. or 38°. 30'. In cafe the
Captain did not find his Lordfhip in this Height,
he was then to repair to the Ifles of Flores and
Corvo , where a Pinnace on purpofe fhould wait
his Coming, till the laft of Augvjl ; which being
pafted, he was to fail for the Coaft of Spain ,
about the Height of the Rock [of Lisbon ,] and
ply twenty or thirty Leagues off Sore. The Pur- \$()\,
port of thefe Orders having been dulv coniidered, Flicke.
and Regard had to the Short nefs of Time, occa-
fioned by the Fleet’s long Stay at Plymouth, as well
as the Uncertainty of the Weather, in order to
meet with Lord Howard ; it was generally deem¬
ed the beft and fureft Way to bear with the
Height of the Rock, without making any Stay
upon the Coaft, and to fteer directly for the
Ifiands.
The twenty-eighth, they bad Sight of the coa/t of
Barlings , [on the Coaft of Portugal-,'] and the Spain,
twenty-ninth, being thwart of Peniebe, the Wind
ferving, they proceeded on their Voyage. The
thirtieth, they met with Captain Royden, in the
Red-rcfe, (before called the Golden Dragon) fepa¬
rated from the Earl of Cumberland in a Storm ;
who informed them, that fifty Sail of the Spanijh
Armadas were gone for the Ifiands ; but could
tell them no News of Lord Howard.
The fourth of September , they fell with Ter- ijiar.d
cera, and ranged along all the Ifiands, both onTerceni.
the South and North Sides, the Space of four
Days : During which Time, it was not their
Chance to meet with any Shipping that might
give them Intelligence, either about his Lordfhip,
or the Indian Fleet. Hereupon they directed their
Courfe to the Weftward of Fayal, according to
the Inftructions of Sir Edward Denny. The ele¬
venth, in plying to the Weft wards, thofe in the
Admiral delcried a Sail from the Main-top ; and
between two and three, Afternoon, raffed her
Hull: But the Weather falling calm, they could
not fetch her. The Captain fent off the Skiff
throughly manned, furnifhed with Shot and
Swords ; the Cherubim, and the Margaret and
John , doing the like. Upon this, the Sail ftood
off again ; and the Night approaching, the Boats
loft her, and returned.
I n the Purfuit, the Centurion being left a-ftern, Flores ani
next Morning they mifled her; and fpent that Corvo.
Day plying up and down in Queft of her. But
as the Ships had received Orders, in cafe of being
feparated by Extremity of Weather, or any other
Mifcbance, to meet at Flores ; the reft, accord¬
ing to Sir Edward Donnfs Inftructions, proceed¬
ed in Search of Lord Howard. But being in the
Height appointed, and not able to hold the fame,
by Reafon of extreme Tempefts, they were driven
to the Ifles of Flores and Corvo ; which they made the
fourteenth in the Morning, and there again joined
the Centurion. She informed Captain Flicke, that
the Day fine loft the reft, (he met with forty-five
Sail of the India fleet. Whereupon, the fame
Night, he came to Anchor between Flores and
4 See before, p. i8j. Note *. b The Captain, in his laft of the twelfth of AugufiM rom this Place, had
given the Proprietors of the Ships, a particular Account of the Accidents relating to the Fleet, till that Time.
Corvo ;
Cruizing Vo y a g e s of the English to the Azores.
CcfVO ; and next Morning, at Day-break, hav-
225
1 Sail de-
v>
ied.
kef ftpa-
■ted by a
1 59 * . _ , _ ,
Fhcke. ing called a Council of the Captains and Mafters,
— v'——' it was thought proper to fer.d the Boats on Shore
armed, under the Conduft of Captain Brotbus ,
to fee to get fome Tidings of his Lordfhip, and
take in Water : After which, they were to range
along the South Sides of the Iflands, in Hopes of
meeting with either his Lordfhip, or the India
Fleet ; and in cafe they miffed of their Aim, to
direct their Courfe for Cape Sant Vincent.
The Bo.-tfs, accordingly, being fent on Shore, b
it happened, that the Cojiely , riding outermoft,
weighed to bring herfelf nearer the reft, for aid¬
ing the Boats; and in opening the Land, dif-
covered two Sails, which they, in the Road,
could not perceive : Whereupon {he {hot off a
Warning Piece, which caufed them to wave their
Boats back t But before they could recover the
Fleet, the deferied Ships appeared in Sight, to¬
wards which they made with all Hafte, and that,
very luckily, as it happened ; for they had no c
fooner gotten clear of the Land, and fpoken with
one of them, (a Bark of Brijiol , which had alfo
fought Lord -Howard, in the Heights appointed,
without Succefs) but fuch a violent Storm arofe,
(which lafted near three Days) that, had they re¬
mained in the Road, they muft have been in Dan¬
ger of perifhing. In this Storm, the Admiral
was feparated from the reft of the Fleet, except
the Cherubim , and the Cojiely , which kept her
Company : And failing among the Iflands, view- d
ed the Road of Fay a l ; but finding no Roaders
there, went direCtly for Tercera.
Arriving at that Bland the nineteenth in
the Morning, with Intent to edge into the Road,
a Tempeft arofe, and fcanted the Wind, that
they could not reach it. Being driven from thence,
they fell among certain of the India Fleet, 'which
the Storm had difperfed, and put them from the
Road : Whereupon the three Ships gave feveral
Chaces, and thereby loft each other’s Com- e
pany. The Admiral, about Noon, made the
Veffel (he followed ftrike, being a Portuguese
laden with Hides, Salfa Perilla, and Anile. At
this very Inftant, fpying another, they took their
Prize along ; and fomewhat before Night came
up to her. She was named the Conception , and
the Captain Francifco Spinola , laden with Hides,
Cochinillo, and certain raw Silk. But in re¬
gard the Sea fwelled fo, that neither Boat nor
Ship could board her, that Work was deferred f
till fit Opportunity. The fame Night, a little
before Day, another Ship happened to fall into
Company with the Admiral, fuppofmg by the
two Prizes, that fhe belonged to their Fleet ; nor
did {he undeceive them till Morning.
attmPu The twentieth, in the Morning, the laft Ship
being {hot fornewhat a-head of the Admiral,
Captain Fluke being careful to keep the two for¬
r.otber
I itnpcjl.
jyw Ships
kn .
1
f f ' ape.
mer, purpofed to caufe the Prizes to put out more 1 591.
Sail, that they might be near while he chaced Flicke.
the other : But the Mafter would needs be per-1— — v —
fuaded, that they would follow without that Cau¬
tion. The EffeCI of his Wilfulnefs was, that by
the Time they had caufed the other to yield, and
fent Men aboard, the Conception Prize having
fallen a-ftern, and gotten the Wind of them,
ftood off with all her Sails, fo that they were
forced to chace her a fecondTime ; and had not
the Wind increafed, muft have loft her. So much
Time was fpent in this Purfuit, and joining the
other Prizes again, that the whole Day was lo ft, Amber
befides the Opportunity of boarding the Portu-founders°
gueze Ship ; which was in great Diftrefs, and in-
treated the Captain to take them, as being ready
to fink. Nor was this unlikely, for he perceived
they pumped continually Day and Night: So that
he concluded, {he perifhed that fame Night in
the Sea.
The twenty-firft, the Conception having zKoOne fee
fprung a Leak, which increafed, notwithftanding'I^r'/iv
the continual pumping, fo that {he could not be
kept long above Water, Captain Flicke took out
of her forty-two Chefts of Cochinillo and Silks;
and then fet her adrift with all her Furniture, and
four thoufand feven hundred Hides on board,
having had eleven Foot Water in the Hold. The
other Prize, which they brought to Plymouth ,
was named Nojira Sennora de los Remedies [our
Lady of the Remedies] Francifco Alvar es. Cap¬
tain : She was laden with fixteen Chefts of Co¬
chinillo, certain Packs of raw Silk, and about
four thoufand Hides.
In boarding the Prizes, the Company was fo The Crew
diforderly, that befides rifling the Spaniards,, thtyff' thi
broke open the Chefts, and purloined fuch Money"1 n^t:'y
as was in them : Notwithftanding it had been or¬
dered, that Captain Flicke fhould have gone aboard
himfelf; and having, in Prefence of three or four
Witneffes taken an Account thereof, locked it
up according to Directions.. And whereas feveral
Sums of that Money were taken from the Com¬
pany, and, with fome others, brought aboard the
Admiral, amounting to two thoufand one hundred
and twenty-nine Peros and a half ; they exclaim¬
ed againft it, and demanded to have the fame
{hared among them as lawful Plunder. This the
Captain refufed ; and having, at the Maft-hcad,
read the Articles figned by the Lord Treafurer,
and Lord Admiral, whereby it appeared, that the
difpofing thereof was to be referred till their Re¬
turn, they mutinied ; and at laft growing furious, And mutiny.
threatned to break down the Cabins, unlefs they
were gratified. Captain Flicke , feeing them on
the Point to execute their Defign, was forced to
comply, for fear the Spaniards , who were many,
fhould lay hold of the Opportunity, and rife ; as
afterwards they attempted to do.
By
24
*59l-
Flicke.
f>Te-ws of the
Anriada and
India fleet.
Cruizing Voyages of the English to the Azores.
By the laft Advice from Cajiile , the General a brought into England by fix’5 of the Ships of ipQi
of the King’s Armada , lately put to Sea, had
Orders to join the India Fleet, and flay with
them at Tercera , till the fifteenth of October: Be-
caufe fix Pataches , with feven or eight Millions
of the King’s Treafure, would arrive thereby that
Time ; otherwife their coming from Havana ,
had been deferred either till 'January next, or till
the King’s Pleafure was farther known. It was
laid, each of thofe Pataches mcafured three hun-
London , which took feven of the IVcji-India
Fleet near the Iflands of Azores.
Flicke.
THE Fleet of New Spain , at their firft fet -Fleet of
ting forth from Spain , were fifty-two Sail. New Spa
The Admiral and Vice-Admiral were of fix hun¬
dred Tons Burden. Four or five of the Ships
were of nine hundred, and one thoufand Tons
a-piece ; fome five hundred, others four hundred,
dred Tons, carried thirty Brafs Cannon, and had b and the leaft of two hundred Tdfts. Of this
l.tJTcs ef the
fleet.
the Advantage of any other Ship in failing.
There perifhed of the India Fleet, before
their coming to Flores , eleven Sail, whereof the
General was one, and not one Man laved : And
the Spaniards themfelves fuppofed, that the Storm
before-mentioned, (which happened at Flores and
Tercera) had devoured many more of them;
whereof, in Part, the Fleet under Captain Flicke ,
were Witnefies. Whence the Author prefumed.
Fleet, nineteen were call away on the Coaft of
New Spain , and in them 2600 Men by Eftima-
tion ; fo that only thirty-three arrived at the Ha¬
vana.
The Fleet of Terra Firma , at their firft De- Of Terra
parture, were fifty Sail, bound for Nombre de* irma-
Dios ; where they unladed, and thence, for
Health, they returned to Carthagena: But before
this Fleet departed, [for Europe ] fome were gone
three Sail of them arrived at the Havana.
that between the Seas, and the Englijh Men of c by one or two at a time ; fo that only twenty-
War, half of feventy-five Sail, which came from
Havana , would never arrive in Spain.
Return to The eleventh of OElober, at Night, the Ad-
Mymouth. mjra] anchored in Plymouth Sound ; and next
Morning, with their Prize, came into Cat-water ;
which happened in good Time : For a vehement
Storm arofe, and with fuch Fury increafed, that
the Prize was forced to cut away her Main-maft ;
otherwife, her Ground Tackle being bad, (he
At the Havana ,
there met
{
33 Sail of Nova Hifpania,
23 Sail of Terra Firma.
12 Sail of San Domingo.
9 Sail of the Hunduras.
The whole feventy- feven Ships joined, and Separatee
fet fail together, from the Havana , the feven- Sums,
mull have been driven on Shore. This indeed d teenth of July , according to our Account ; and
was his chief Reafon for putting into this Place,
where he intended todifeharge the Goods, with¬
out running farther Hazard : Of which he gave
Notice to the Lord Admiral ; and, at the fame
Time, defired to know the Dire&ions of the
Lords of the Council, together with thofe of the
Proprietors, inafmuch as Lord Thomas Howard
was not then returned. Here the Captain con¬
cludes, by obferving, there was much Room to
hope, that the reft of her Conforts, (which were e of the biggeft Ships, were caft away, with all
kept together until they came into the Height of
thirty-five Degrees, which was about the tenth
of Augujl. Here the Wind changed fuddenly,
from South-Weft to the North ; and blowing vio¬
lently againft the Sea, which came from the South-
Weft, the Fleet was put to great Extremity, and
loft the General , with five hundred Men in her.
Within three or four Days after, another Storm
arifing, the Vice-Admiral, and five or fix other
feparated by bad Weather) had fped well, and
taken feveral Prizes, by reafon the IVeJl India
Fleet was fcattered.
SUPPLEMENT.
A more particular Account of the Weft- India Fleet
mentioned in the foregoing Narratively and the
Number of Ships that were cajl away.
The following Account was taken out of
the Examination of certain Spaniards , who were
their Men. Again, in the Latitude of thirty-
eight Degrees, about the End of Augujly a third
Tempeft arofe, in which all the Fleet, except
forty-eight Sail, were caft away.
These kept together till they came in Sight Mojltft
of the Iflands of Corvo and Flores c, about th
fifth or fixth of September: At which Time a great
Storm d feparating them, fifteen or fixteen of the
Number were after feen, by the Examinants, to
ride at Anchor under the Tercera, and twelve or
fourteen more to bear with the Ifland of St. Mi¬
chael. What became of them, after the Exami¬
nants were taken, they knew not : Their Opinion
a This Account in Hakluyt follows the Narrative of Sir Richard Greenville's Fight, given in the former
Chapter. b Thefe we take to have been the Ships feparated from Captain Flicke, as obferved in the pre¬
vious Remarks, from the Time, and other Circumftances. c Thefe were the Ships which joined the
Armada after the Fight, as mentioned in the Narrative. * This was the Storm that arofe after the Fight.
3 was,
Cruizing Voyages of the E n g l i s h to the A z o r e s. 225
j j ,-$a wa?, that very few of the FJeet efcaped, but were a have come into Spain this Year, being one hun- 1 5^9*
pLinfchoten. either wrecked or taken ; and late Accounts far- dred and twenty-three Sail, there were then aiN Linfchoten.^
ther certify, that of the whole Fleet that fhould rived but twenty-five.
CHAP. XV.
/
qle Exploits of //^Englifh in fever al Expeditions, and Cruizing Voyages, from 1589,
to 1592.
Extracted from John Huighen Van Linfchoten’j Voyage* from Goa to Portugal.
Inti odu
oduflion
THIS Chapter is intended as a Supplement
to the Englijh cruizing Voyages already
inierted, which fail within the above-mentioned
Period : And is the more neceffary, as the Me¬
moirs it contains, not only confirm the moft ma¬
terial Fads related in thofe Voyages, but give a
fatisfadory Account of many Things which are
there but' imperfedly fet forth ; often continue
the Hiftory, which there breaks off abruptly ; and
bring to light fome remarkable Atchievements ot
our Countrymen, of which otherwife. no Men¬
tion would be found among our voluminous Col-
ledors of naval Tranfadions. We are perfuaded,
the Reader will feel a fecret Joy at beholding the
great Figure this Nation made in thofe heroic
Times; owing to that univerfal Zeal to promote
the Commerce and Glory of England , which
prevailed among the Minifters, as well as the
People. We prefume likewife, that the Plea-
fure will be not a little enhanfed from the Con-
fideration, that thefe Particulars were written by
a Foreigner, who is in great Reputation for his
Judgment and Fidelity, and has founded their
Praife beyond what their own Hiftorians have
done. On the other Hand, we conclude be will
be no lefs concerned to find wrhat immenfe Trea-
fures fome of our Adventurers loff, by unac¬
countably miffing of the Fleets they went in
Queft of ; at the fame Time that they were fo
near them, that it feemed almoft impoflible they
fhould efcape : Which fhews, after all, how un¬
certain the Meeting of Ships is at Sea ; and that
two great Fleets may fail almoft clofe to one ano¬
ther, without having the leaft Sufpicion of it.
S E C T. I.
Tranfafiions of 1589. The Englifh come in Sight
of the Goa Fleet near Tercera. Attack the
b Santa Cruz, which is in great Diflrefs. They
quit her. Are taken for Portugueze by the
Ifanders. Alarms of the Englifh. They fail
to Lifbon. Narrowly efcape being taken by Drake.
Earl of Cumberland’* Fleet : Dejiroys Fayal.
Weft-India Fleet : Lofs at felting out. Fifteen
Sail taken by the Englifh. Earl of Cumberland’*
Fleet : Miffes a vajl Treafure ; and a greater
fill. The Spanifh Admiral at Tercera : His
Ships lof in the Way to Spain. An Englifh Ship
c takes two Spanifh. Odd Adventure of the Owner .
Value of the Prizes.
THE twenty-fecond of July , 1589 b, about The EnglHh
Evening, being near the Iflands of Flores cofjfn
and Corvo, they perceived three Ships making to-’
wards them, from under the Land, which put
them in great Fear ; for they came clofe by the
Admiral, and (hot divers Times at her, and ano¬
ther Ship. By their Flag, which they carried
d upon their Main-tops, they appeared to be Englifh ;
but none of them feemed to be above fixty Tons
in Bulk : They followed the Portugueze all Night,
with Lights at their Sterns, although the Moon
fhined. Next Day, being between the Iflands
of St. George and Graciofa , they fpied three more
Ships; whereof one failed backwards, thinking
fome one of the Company might lay behind : But
it was not long before fhe returned to her Con-
forts ; which, having confulted together, came
e all three founding their Trumpets againft the
Santa Cruz, that lay in the Lee of the reft,
thinking to oblige her to run afhore on Graciofa ,
which was very near.
Being come up, they failed, at leaft, three ^ attack
Times about her, firing their Mufkets and Cali- the Santa
vers, with fome great Cannon; and although Cruz>
they did the Body of the Ship no Harm, yet they
fpoiled all her Sails and Rigging. In fhort, they
- Thefe Extracts are made from the 96, 97, and 99th Chapters of the firft Book of Linfchoten s Voyages, m
Englijh ; from whence Hakluyt inferted them in his Colleftion, vol. 2. part 2 p. 179. The Author le t a
with a Fleet of Ships, mix. the Santa Maria, our Lady de Concepfao, vor of the Conception) the St.ChnJto-
pher , which was Admiral; the St. Thomas, which was greateft, and richly laden; and the Cra*, m wh!C
Linfchoten faded. b See Linfchoten^ Voyages, part 1. chap. 96. /». 171 i and Hakluyt s Colleton, ut
Tol. I. N° 10. Gg PcPPered
N° 10.
226
1589.
Linfchoten,
Which is in
great DiJ! refs
'They quit
tr, .
Are taken
for Portu-
gyezt.
.Harms of
#1’ Englifh.
Cruizing Voyages of the
peppered her fo, that not a Man durft fliew his a
Head ; and when fhe fhot off a Gun, it was, at
leaft, an Hour’s Work to load it again : Which
occafioned* fo great a Cry and Noife in the Ship,
as if they had all been call away. Hereupon the
Englifh began to mock, and throw their Jefts
upon them. Mean Time the other Ships, hold¬
ing all their Sails, made what Hade they could
to gain the Ifland of Tercera ; not caring what
became of the Santa Cruz, fo they laved their
own Bacon: Whereby, fays Linfchoten , it appears b
what Company the Portugueze keep one with the
other; and how little Order there is among them.
At length, the Englifh perceiving, they got but
fmall Advantage againft fhe Santa Cruz , (little
knowing what a pitiful Cafe and Fear thofe on
hoard were in) and that (he was not far from
Tercera, left her: Which made the Portugueze to
rejoice, as Men rifen from Death to Life ; al¬
though they did not think themfelves quite fafe
neither, till they got into the Road, before that c
Ifand, under the Fort.
On the other Side, they were in great Doubt*
becaufe they knew not what palled ^in the Bland,
nor whether they were their Friends orEnemiesa:
And the rather, for that they found no Men of W ar,
nor Caravels of Advice from Portugal , as they
expected, that might convoy, or give them Ad¬
vice, as ufed to be the Cuftom ; and becaufe the
Englifh had been fo victorious in thofe Parts, it
made them fulpeCt, that it went not well with d
Spain. The Inhabitants of Tercera were in no lefs
Fear than themfelves, whom they took for Englifh,
come to over -run the Ifland ; becaufe the three
Englifh Ships had furled their Flag, and put in
along with them. Hereupon the Ifland fent out
two Caravels (that lay there, with Advice for the
India Ships that fhould come thither) to view
the Portugueze ; which perceiving what they were,
advanced towards them ; whereupon the Englifh
Ships left them, and made up to the Caravels ; e
which, taking them to be P'riends, as being in
the others Company, Ihunned them not : But the
Goa Ships made four or five Shot, and other
Signs, that they fliould return to the Ifland, which
they prefently did. The Englifj perceiving that,
put to Sea, and the Caravels, going on board the
Goa Fleet, informed them, that the Men of the
Ifland were all in Arms; as having received Ad¬
vice from Portugal , that Sir Francis Drake was
ready, and defigned to pay them a Vifit. f
They likewife brought them News of the
Overthrow of the Spanif) Armada, fent again!!
England ; and that th e Englifh, in their Turn,
had been before Lisbon : That, thereupon, the
English to the Azores.
King had ordered this Fleet from Eajl-India to - 1589.
put into Tercera , and there lie under the Caftle Linfchoten.
till farther Advice ; it being dangerous, at thatk/V%J
Time, to fail for Lisbon. Thofe Tidings put the
Fleet in great Fear, and made them look upon
each other, not knowing what to refolve on ; for
it was unfafe to put into the Road, becaufe it lies
open to the Sea : For which Realon, the India
Ships, although they had exprefs Orders from the
King, yet never durft anchor there; but only
ufed to ply to and fro, till their Boats fetched,
from Shore, fuch Neceflaries as they wanted, and
then departed. But this Goa Fleet being com¬
pelled, by the prefent Neceflity, and underftand-
rng likewife, that the Earl of Cumberland was
not far from thofe Iflands, with certain Ships of
War, they entered the Road, and anchored clofe
under the Caftle, refolding to wait there for the
King’s Orders. This was the twenty-fourth of
July, after which a great Storm arofe, where one
of the Ships, that came very richly laden from
Malakka, was loft.
The twelfth of Augujl b, the Earl of Cum-The feven
berland, with fix or feven Ships of War, failed/^
by the Ifland of Tercera , and palled out of Sight :
Very luckily for the Goa Fleet, which hereupon
made all the Hafte they could away ; taking with
them, for better Security, four hundred Spaniards
of the Garifon there, and failing towards Lisbon,
eleven Days after arrived in the River, with great
Joy and Triumph : For if they had ftayed but
one Day longer, they had all been taken by Cap¬
tain Drake ; who, with forty Ships, came before
Cafcais, at the fame Time that the India Ships Nano-.vTj
caft Anchor in the Tajo, guarded thither by di -efcapeSir
vers Galleys. _ Fr- Drake*
While Linfchoten lay at Tercera c, the Earl Earl of
of Cumberland came to St. Maria , to take in Cumber-
frelh Water, and fome other Provifion : But theland *
Inhabitants refufed to let him land, wounding
both himfelf, and divers of his Men, who were
forced to depart without having any Thing there.
He likewife landed in Graciofa, tvith feven or
eight in Company, demanding certain Cattle*
Hens, and other Victuals, with Wine and frefh-
Water; which having been civilly granted him,
he departed without doing any Hurt : For which
he received Thanks from the Inhabitants, who
commended him for his Courtefy, and keeping
his Promife.
About the fame Timed, the Earl landed at Dejh-oys
Fayal : Where, the firft Time he came, they be-Faya1,
gan to relift him ; but by Reafon of fome Con-
troverfy among them e, he was fuffered to land :
After which, he razed the Caftle to the Ground,
a Portugal being then under the Dominion of Philip II, King of Spain. b Linfchoten , ubi fupra, p. 180,
In Hakluyt , the Paragraph begins. The Day before the Earl, See. as if it had been the twenty-third of July.
c Ibid. p. 185. a See Linfchoten, part 1. p. 186. e That is to be underltood of fome Difpute or
Strife between the Spaniards and Portugueze, who could not brook the Dominion of the former.
3
anti
Weft- India
Ikct
Cruizing Voyages of the
^jrgg> and funk all their Ordnance in the Sea j taking
Lm^hoten. with, him certain Caravels and Ships that lay in
the Road, befides Provifion of all Things that
he wanted, and fo departed. Whereupon the
King of Spain caufed the principal Adlors there¬
in to be punifhed ; and fent a Company of Sol¬
diers thither, from Tercera , with all Kind of war¬
like Munition, and great Shot : Caufing the For-
trefs to be rebuilt for Defence of the Ifland,
and trufting no more in the Portuguese.
The ninth of Odober , there arrived, in Ter¬
cera fourteen Ships from the Spanijb Indies ,
laden with Cochineal, Hides, Gold, Silver, Pearls,
and other rich Wares. They were fifty in Com¬
pany, when they left the Havana , whereof,
in coming out of the Channel, eleven were funk
Loti at fet- by foul Weather, and the reft fcattered by a
ingout. Storm. Next Day, there came another Ship of
the fame Fleet, which failed dole under the
Ifland, to get into the Road ; where Ihe met
with an Englijh Ship that had not above three
Guns, but the Spaniards had twelve. Afterfighting,
a long Time, in Sight of the Goa Fleet, the Go¬
vernor fent two Boats of Mufketeers to help the
Ship : But before they could come to her, the
On taken by Englijh had (hot her underWater. Whereupon
foEnglHh. flie immediately funk down, with all her Sails
up ; and in a Trice not any Thing of her was
to be feen, except the Men fwimming about: Of
whom the Englijh , with their Boats, faved the
Captain, and about thirty others, but not one 1
Penny-worth of the Goods j and yet, in the
Ship, there was, at leaf!, to the Value of 200,000
Ducats in Gold, Silver, and Pearls. The reft
of the Men, about fifty in Number, were drown¬
ed ; among them were fome Friars and Women,
whom the Englijh would not fave. Thofe taken
up were fet on Land, and then they failed away.
fourteen Sail The twenty-feventh of the fame Month, the
fr.ore taken, faid fourteen Ships having refrefhed themfelves in
the Ifland, departed from ’Tercera toward Sevil ;
and coming upon the Coaft of Spain , were all
taken, except two, by the Englijh Ships that
lay there to watch for them, and carried them
into England.
About the fame Time, the Earl of Cumber¬
land , with one of the Queen’s Ships, and five or
~md i fleet. flx morej kept about tbofe Iflands ; and came of¬
tentimes fo clofe under Tercera , and the E.oad of
Angra , that the People on Land might eafily tell
all the Men he had a-board, and knew fuch as
walked on the Hatches : And though they were
within Mufket-fhot both of the Town and Fort,
jet the Iflanders did not make one Shot at them.
In thefe Parts he continued for the Space of two
English to the Azores.
Months, failed round about the Iflands,
227
and
15S9.
v.arl of
dumber-
landed in Graciofa and Faya l, as hath been al- Linfchoten.
ready mentioned. Here he took divers Ships andL—
Caravels, which he fent into England ; fo that
thofe of the Ifland durft not put out their Heads.
Three or four Days after the Earl had left Miffesavaft
Fayed , fix India Ships arrived there, whofe Qe-Tnafure,
neral was one ‘ Juan Derives , and landed four
Millions of Gold and Silver. Then fearing the
coming of the Englijh , they, with all Hafte,
b victualled ; and fetting Sail, arrived fafely in St.
Lucar , to the great good Luck of the Spaniards ,
and hard Fortune of the Englijh : For that with¬
in lefs than two Days after the Gold and Silver
was reimbarked on board thofe Ships, the Earl of
Cumberland failed again by that Ifland. Whence
it appeared, that God b would not let them have
the Treafure for if they had once had Sight of
that Fleet, without Doubt it had been all their
own, as the Spaniards themfelves confefled.
c In November there arrived, in Tercera , two And a
great Ships, which were the Admiral and Vic e-grater Jttil,
Admiral of the Fleet, laden with Silver ; having
been feparated by ftormy Weather, and in great
Danger of finking, for they were forced to ufe
all their Pumps. In this Diftrefs they wifhed a
thoufand Times to have met the Englijh ; to
whom they would willingly have given their Sil¬
ver, and all that ever they brought with them,
only to fave their Lives c. And although the
I Earl of Cumberland hovered ftill about thofe
Iflands, yet they met not with him : And thus,
after much Pain and Labour, they got into the
Road before Angra ; where, with all Speed, they
unladed to the Value of above five Millions of
Ducats, in Silver, all in Pieces of eight or ten
Pound great : So that the whole Key lay covered
with Plates and Chefts of Silver, full of Rials of
Eight, moft wonderful to behold befides Pearls,
Gold, and precious Stones, which were not re-
e giftered.
The Admiral of thofe Ships and Fleet, call-T^ Admiral
ed Alvaro Flores de FJuiniones, landed, being in- comct f0'rcr'
fefted with the Neapolitan Difeafe ; whereof, notcera'
Jong after, he died in Sevilla. Fie brought with
him the King’s broad Seal, and lull Authority,
to be General and chief Commander upon the
Seas ; as well over all Fleets and Ships, as Places
and Iflands, or Lands wherefoever he came. On
this Account, the Governor of Tercera did him
f great Honour j and confidering the Weaknefs of
their Fleet, and the Danger from the Englijh , it
was agreed, between them, to fend the Ship3,
with Soldiers to guard them, either to Sevdia, or
Lisbon , where they could firft arrive ; with Ad-
» Lmfchoten , ibid, chap- 99. p. 187. b The Stupidity as well as Impiety of fuch Notions.! as if the
Deity fometimes helped Men to fuch Jobbs; and at other Times baulked them ' c But perhaps God would
not let them.
G g e
vice
the E
228 Cruizing Voyages of
1 589. vice to his Majefty of all that had part, and that a
Linfchoten. he would order a fufficient Convoy to fetch the
Silver away.
His Ship j Whereupon the Spanifo Admiral ftaved
lofl' there, under Colour of fecuring the Silver ; but
in reality on Account of his Difeafe, and for
Fear of the Englijh. This Alvaro Flores had a-
lone, for his own Part, above 50,000 Ducats in
Pearls ; which he (hewed to thofe of the Santa
Cruz , and would have fold or bartered them for
Spices, or Bills of Exchange. The faid two Ships b
fet Sail with three or four hundred Men as well
Soldiers, as others that came with them out of
India ; but meeting with a Storm, the Admiral
fplit and funk, not one Man being faved : The
Vice-Admiral cut down her Maft, and ran the
Ship on Ground hard by Setuval , where it broke
in Pieces ; but fome of the Men faved themfelves
by fwimming, and brought News of the Lofs of
the reft.
EngH(h take In the fame Month, there came two great c
t-wo Ships. Ships out of the Spanijh Indies , and being within
half a Mile of the Road of Fercera , met with
an Englijh Ship, which, after a long Fight, took
them both. About feven or eight Months before,
there had been an Englijh Ship in Fercera , that
under the Name of a Frenchman , came to traffic
in the Ifland, there to lade Wood a ; and being
difcovered, both Ship and Goods were confifcated
to the King’s Ufe, and all the Men made Pri¬
soners : Yet they had Liberty to go about, and d
get their Living, by labouring like Slaves ; be¬
ing, indeed, as fafe in that Ifland, as if they had
been in Prifon.
Efcape of But at length, upon a Sunday , all the Sailors
F l' walkinS out behind the Hills called Brefil, they
there found a Fifher-boat, and getting into it,
rowed off to the Earl of Cumberland’s Ships b :
Which, luckily for them, chanced, at that very
Time, to arrive, and anchor about half a Mile
from the Road of Angra ; hard by two fmall e
Iflands, which lie about a Gun-fhot from thence,
and are full of Goats, Deer, and Sheep, belong¬
ing to the Inhabitants of Fercera.
Mventure of This being well known to thofe Sailors, they
the Owner, went thither with their Boats; and lying at An¬
chor that Day, fetched as many Goats and Sheep
as they had Occafion for. Thofe of the Town
and Ifland faw all this, yet durft not once ftir
out to oppofe them ; fo there remained no more
on Land, but the Mafter and the Merchant of f
the faid Englijh Ship. This Mafler had a Brother-
in-law dwelling in England , who hearing of his
Imprifonment in Fercera , got Licence of the
Queen to fet forth a Ship ; to try if he could re¬
cover his Loffes from the Spaniards , by taking
N G L I S H
fome of them,
that took
to the Azore 3.
and fo rede
em his Brother. He it 1590.
was tnat tooic the two Spanijh Ships before the Linfchoten
Town ; the Mafter aforefaid looking on all the''— — v-*'*-
while from the Shore with Linfchoten , whofe in¬
timate Acquaintance he was.
The Ships being taken, (worth 300,000 Du - Value of
cats) he ordered all the Men to be fet on Land, Pri^s-
excepting two of the principal Gentlemen ; and
then fent the Pilot of one of thofe Ships with a
Letter to the Governor of Fercera: Letting him
know, that he would fend him the two Gentle¬
men, provided he delivered his Brother ; if not,
that he would carry them into England , as he
did : For the Governor v/ould not releafethe other;
faying, that the Gentlemen might make their
Suit to the King of Spain himfelf. This Spanijh
Pilot being invited, along with the two Englijh -
men , to Supper, by thofe of the Santa Cruz , he
gave them an Account of the Fight, much com¬
mending the Englijl) Order and Manner of Fight¬
ing ; as alfo their courteous Treatment of him :
But, at length, the Englijh Pilot likewife ftole a-
way in a French Ship, without paying any Ran-
fome.
SECT. II.
Fran fa Elions in the Tear 1590.
Weft-India Fleet loji. Another fuffers by a Storm.
A fmall Englifh Prize , makes a Spanifh Fri -
umph. Cruelty of a Spanifh OJJicer , condemned
by others. Ship taken by the Englifh. Fleet fails
back to Spain. Efcapes the Englifh. Frobifber’j
Expedition. Sir John Hawkin’*. Eaft- India
Fleet : Efcapes the Englifh. Many Weft-India
Ships taken. Don Alonfo Bacan’r Fleet. Vice¬
roy of Eaft- India ; his Vanity.
N January ^ 1590, a Ship arrived in Fercera, Weft.Ind,
from the Spanijh Indies, and brought News, licet lop.
that a Fleet of an hundred Ships, which failed
from Ferra Firma , were driven, by a Storm,
upon the Coaft of Florida , where they were all
eaft away, excepting that one ; by which Diafter,
immenfe Ricnes, and many Men were loft :
Hence they reckoned, that of two hundred and
twenty Ships, which, in 1589, had fet out from
New Spain, St. Domingo , the Havana , Cape Verde,
Brazil, Guinea , See. to fail for Spain and Portu¬
gal, not above fourteen or fifteen arrived, all the
reft being either funk or taken.
The fame Month, there arrived, in Fercera, Another fo
fiitoen or lixteen Ships from Sevil , moft of themA71^*1
Fly-boats of the Low Countries, and fome Bri- Stonn’
tons, that were arrefted in Spain. Thefe came
full of Soldiers, and well appointed with Muni¬
tion, to carry the Silver and Alvaro de Flores in*
a It ought, doubtlefs, tobeWoad, for dying, which Fercera produces in preat PL-nnr TR- r • ,
the Inflation of LinfcUtm and Exrafi. before, J7J ” ' °r 15bothm
to
| Spanifll
Yiumpb.
Cruizing Voyages of the
I <590. to Spain : But they durft not enter the Road j
infcHoten. Tor then it blew fo great a Storm (as it always
L—v-^does about thofe Iflands at the fame Time of the.
Year) that fome of their Ships, which had an¬
chored, were forced to cut down their Marts,
and were in Danger to be loft : Among the reft,
a Ship of Blfcay ran againft the Shore, and was
broken in Pieces, but the Men were all faved.
The other Ships were forced to keep the Sea, and
drive before the Wind, till the fifteenth of
March : In all which Time they had not one i
Day of fair Weather ; whereby they endured
much Mifery, curftng both the Silver and the
Ifland .
This Storm being paft, they chanced to
meet with a fmall Englijb Ship, of about forty
Tons ; w'hich not being able, by reafon of the
great Wind, to carry all her Sails, they fet upon
and took : After which, with the Ettglijh Flag,
in their Admiral’s Stern, they came as proudly
into the Haven, as if they had conquered all the
Realm of England. But as that Ship was enter¬
ing into the Road, in all her Pride, fhe was fo
handfomely battered for her Pains, by two En-
glijh Ships, which chanced to pafs by in the
Nick of Time, that they were forced to cry Mi-
Jerecordia ; and, without all doubt, had been ta¬
ken, if fhe had been but a Mile further from
Shore : But having gotten under the Fortrefs,
which alfo began to play upon the Englijb Ships,
they quitted her, and ftood farther out to Sea,
having flain five or fix of her Men.
in ,dty of a The Englijhmen who were taken in the fmall
iani(h 0/-Ship, were put under Hatches, and coupled in
Bolts. Three or four Days after, a Spanijh En-
fign, who had a Brother flain in the Fleet that
came for England % refolving to revenge his
Death, and fhew his Manhood, took his Oppor¬
tunity to flip down under the Hatches, and with
a Poniard, ftabbed fix of the poor defencelefs
Prifoners to the Heart : This two others per¬
ceiving, to difappoint the Murderer, clafped each
other about the Middle, and throwing themfelves
into the Sea, were drowned.
r. denned by This AH was refented by all the reft of the
■ >eft. Spaniards , who carried the Offender Prifoner to
Lisbon : Where being arrived, the King of Spain
ordered him to be fent to England , that the
Queen might difpofe of him as fhe thought pro¬
per. This Sentence, his Friends, by lntreaty,
English to the Azores,
229
a Pardon. This LinJ'choten thought proper to take 1590.
notice of, that the World might fee what diflio-Linfchoten.
reft and bloody-minded Mortals the Spaniards V"—- f
are, when they have People in their Power.
The two Englijb Ships which followed the Ship taken by
Admiral, as before-mentioned, putting to Sea tbc EnS1;fo-
again, met with another SpaniJJ) Ship of the fame
Fleet, that had likewife been fcattered by the
Storm, and was the only one miffing, the reft
lying in the Road. This fmall Ship they took,
3 and fet all the Men on Shore, without hurting
any of them: But it is probable they would not
have difmifled them fo peaceably, had they known
what had been done to their captivated Country¬
men ; for which afterward many an innocent
Soul paid dear. This was the fame Ship that
was taken from the Englijhmen b, who got out of
Fercera in a Fifher-boat (as was faid before) and
alter Confifcation, was fold to the Spaniards, juft
then arrived from the Indies , who carried it with
c them to St. Lucar , where it was alfo embargo’d
by the Duke ; and being a good Sailor, fent
back with the reft to fetch the Silver home: But
it was the meaneft of all that Fleet. Being thus
retaken, it was carried into England ; and the
again
when they
thought lealt
Owners had it
of it.
The nineteenth of March , the aforefaid Ships, Fleet fails _
being nineteen in Number, having taken in the^/oSpain"
King’s Silver, with Alvaro Flores de SJuinior.es,
and his Company, befides ViHuals, Munition,
and Soldiers, (who talked very big, and feemed
refolved to fight to the laft Man, before they
would yield, or loofe their Riches) they ftcer-
ed their Courfe for St. Lucar: But the Wind fa¬
vouring them, drove them to Lisbon, much a-
gainft the Inclination of Alvaro de Flores ; who,
in fpite of both Wind and Weather, would have
obliged the Sailors to make the former Port :
But they remonftrating the Danger of the At¬
tempt, and declaring they would require their
Lofies at his Hands, he was content at length to
be governed by the Wind, and fail to Lisbon ;
from whence the Silver was, by Land, carried to
Scvil.
At Cape St. Vincent there lay a Fleet of twen - JffJ tht
ty Englijb Ships to watch for this Armada; fot!&“
that if they had fteer’d for St. Lucar , they mult
have fallen direHly in their Way, as they would
have done if the Wind had ferved. 7' hey had
got to be revcrfed ; yet at the fame Time Philip f Reafon therefore to thank the Frowardnefs of the
pofitively declared, that he Ihould lofe his Head : Wind, for making fo fafe a Voyage : tor if the
But on Good Friday , the Cardinal going to Mafs, Englijb had met with them, in all Probability,
all the Captains and Commanders made fo great few of them had cfcaped ; if it was only by
lntreaty for him, that in the End they got his Reafon of the Fear, wherewith they were pof-
a We fuppofe the Author means the Armada in 1588. b In the Tranflation it is rendered, by the
Englijhmen, and Hakluyt has the fame Reading, which quite alters and. confounds the Senfe of this Paflags.
fefled >
23 0 'Cruizing Voyages of the
1590. fefled : Becaufe Fortune, or rather God, was
^infchoten. wholly againft them 1 ; which is enough to th(r
hearten the Spaniards , and encourage the Englijh ?
who are (tout and valiant, as well as victorious:
Infomuch that all their Enterprizes being crown¬
ed with Succcfs, they are at length become Lords
and Majters of the Ocean ; nor is there any Pow¬
er which they need be afraid of, as may appear
by this brief Difcourfe.
Frobifher’j T.H E feventh of Augujl, a Navy of Englijh
.Expedition. Ships, to the Number of twenty, (five whereof
were the Queen’s Ships) appeared before Tercera ,
their General was one Martin Furbujher , as the
Author was afterwards informed. They came
purpofely to watch for the Eaji and IVeJl- India
Fleets, as well as other Ships trading to the Weft-
ward : Which put the Wanders in great Fear, e-
fpecially thofe of Fayal ; for that the Englijh hav¬
ing fent a Trumpet to the Governor, in a friend¬
ly Manner, to defire a certain Quantity of Wine,
Flefh, and other Provifions for their Money,
he was not only refufed his Requeft, but his
.Mefienger (hot at, and killed. The General,
highly incenfed at this barbarous Treatment, fent
'.them Word, that they had beft look to them-
felves, for that he defigned to pay them a Vifit
whether they would or not. The Governor an-
fwered, that he was there in Behalf of the King
of Spain , and would do his beft to keep them
out, as he was in Duty bound : But after all
nothing was done, although they in Fayal were
in no little Fear, fending to Tercera for Aid ;
from whence they had certain Barks, with Pow¬
der and Ammunition, fome Bifket, and other
Provifion.
Sir John The thirtieth, Advice came from Portugal,
■Hawkins, that eighty Ships had put off Carunho [or the
Gr-oin\ laden with Victuals, Munition, Money,
and Soldiers, to go for Brittain b, to aid the Ro-
manijls and Leaguers againft the King of Na¬
varre. At the fame Time two Netherland Hulks,
mid-way between Portugal and Tercera, met writh
four of the Queen’s Ships, under Sir John Haw¬
kins \ which (topped, and after let them go again,
without doing them any harm. The Nether-
landers reported, that each of the Queen’s Ships
had eighty Pieces of Ordnance ; and that Cap¬
tain Drake lay with forty Ships in the Englijh
Channel, watching for the Carunho Fleet : Like-
wife ten other Englijh Ships plied at Cape St. Vin¬
cent, to fnap up fuch as efcaped from the Iflands.
TTefe Tidings put the Iflanders in great Fear,
concluding that if the Englijh miffed of the Spa-
nijh Fleet, they would fall upon the Iflands, that
they might not return empty home: Whereupon
English to the Azores.
a they kept ftri£t Watch, fending Advice to the l$gc
King of what News they heard. Linfchotei
The firft of September thereat arrived the Ifland ' -
of St. Michael , a Portuguese Ship from Fernam - Ind:'
buck, in Brazil-, which brought an Account, that
the Admiral of the Portuguese Fleet, which came
from \_EaJl~\ India , having miffed the Ifland of
St. Helena , was conftrained to put into that Port:
Although the King had exprefly forbidden it, un¬
der a great Penalty, becaufe of the Worms
b there, which fpoil the Ships. The fame Ship
wherein Bernardin Ribero was Admiral the Year
before, 1589, failed out of Lisbon to the Indies,
with five others in her Company ; whereof on¬
ly four got thither : The fifth being never heard
of, was thought to be caft away. The other four
returned fafe again to Portugal, though the Ad¬
miral was very much damaged ; having met with
two Englijh Ships by the Way, which fought
long with him, and flew many of his Men.
c The fifth of the fame Month, there arrived Efcapntl
in Tercera, a Caravel from Corvo , which brought
fifty Men belonging to a Ship that came from
the Spanijlo Indies ; but meeting with the Englijh
was taken, and the Men fet on Shore in that
Ifland. They brought Tidings, that the Englijh
had taken four more of the India Ships, and a
Caravel which carried the King of Spain $ Let¬
ters of Advice for the Fleet, coming from the
Portuguese Indies ; and that with thofe which they
d had taken, they were at leaft forty Ships in all ;
fo that not one Bark efcaped them ; that there¬
fore the Goa Fleet durft not put into the Iflands,
but took their Courfe for Lisbon, under forty and
forty-two Degrees, fhunning likewife Cape St.
Vincent, for otherwife they could not have arriv¬
ed in Safety, the Sea having been then fo full of
Englijh Ships.
Hereupon, to avoid this Danger, the King ManyVJt
fent Orders to the Fleet lying at Havana, ready Sbl‘
to fail for Spain, that they fhould ftay there till
next Year; which was no fmall Charge and
Prejudice to them: Becaufe the Ships that lie
there confume themfelves, and, in a Manner,
eat up one another, by reafon of the great Num¬
ber of People, and Scarcity of all Things; fo
that many of this Havana Fleet chofe rather to
venture home, one by one at a Time, than ftay
there : But all fell into the Hands of the Englijh,
who landed many of the Crew in Tercera ; and,
for a whole Day, the Author could fee nothing
but fpoiled Men fetting on Shore, fome out of
one Ship, fome out of another ; which was e-
nough to move Companion. They all curfed
the Englijh , and their own ill Fortune, with thofe
1 Awhile ago God was for them, in faving them from the Englijh: But an abfurd Principle mud always clalh
with itfelf, being compofed of oppofite Extreams. b It fhould be Bretagr., or Britany , in France.
yvho
5 9°-
Ufchoten.
'p-'
J i Alonfo
Ipn’i
It.
r\-Roy of
Ilia.
Cruizing Voyages of the
who had been the Caufe to provoke that Nation
to fight ; complaining loudly of the fmall Care
and Order taken therein by the King of Spain's
Officers.
The nineteenth, there arrived a Caravel from
Lisbon , with one of the King’s Officers, who
came to caufe the Goods faved out of the Ma -
lakka Ship, (for which the Fleet, wherewith the
Author came, flayed there) to be laden and fent
to Lisbon. At the fame Time, there put out of
Carunho , one Don Alonfo de Bajfan3 with forty
great Ships of War, defigned for the Iflands ;
there to wait for the Fleet of the Spanijh and Por¬
tuguese Indies , and to convoy them, with the
Goods of the Malakka Ship, into the Tajo : But
meeting with contrary Winds, only two of them
(which were flattered from the reft) arrived at
Tercera ; where, not finding the Fleet, they pre-
fently returned to feek them. Mean Time, the
King changing his Mind, ordered the Fleet to
flay in India , as is before- mentioned ; and there¬
fore he fent Advice to Don Alonfo de Baffan , to
return to Carunho , which he did, without doing
any Thing, or once approaching near the Iflands :
For he well knew, that the Englijh lay near
Corvo , but did not care to vifit them. And thus
the Goods, that came from Malakka 3 inftead of
being Ihipped, were packed up again, and forced
to wait for a more favourable Opportunity.
The twenty-third of Oftcber, there arrived a
Caravel from Portugal, with Advice, thatof five
Ships, which in 1590, failed from Lisbon to the
htdies , four of them were turned back again,
after they had been four Months at Sea ; that only
the Admiral, wherein went the Vice-Roy, called
Matthias d' Albukerke, had made the Voyage,
having been at leaft, eleven Months at Sea, with¬
out ever feeing Land ; and that they arrived in
great Mifery at Malakka. In this Ship, there
died by the Way, two hundred and eighty Men,
according to an Account fent by the Vice-Roy
himfelf, to the Cardinal of Lisbon ; which con¬
tained a Lift of their Names and Surnames, with
a Relation of his Voyage, and the Mifery they
had endured. This Evil he brought on the Fleet
to avoid lofing the Government of India : For
Engiish to the Azores.
iryv
a which Reafon he had fworn, either to lofe his 1591.
Life, or to arrive thither ; as indeed he did : But Linfchoten,
to the great Danger, Lofs, and Prejudice of his
Company ; who, to ferve his Intereft, were forced
to facrifice their Lives; which Misfortune, (it
may be prefumed) happened for Want of Pro-
vifion : For he well knew, that if he had re¬
turned to Portugal as the other Ships did, he
fhould have been deprived of his India Grandeur ;
becaufe the People began already to murmur at
b him for hiS proud and haughty Carriage.
Among other Things that (hewed his Vanity, His Vtinhy,
behind the Gallery of his Ship, he caufed For¬
tune to be painted, and himfelf, with a Staff,
{landing by, as it were, threatening her ; with
this Motto, Quero que Vencas ; that is. My Aim is
to overcome thee a.* Which being read bv the Car¬
dinal, and others, (who to honour him, attend¬
ed him on board his Ship ^ was thought to, be am
Inftance of exceedingFolly. But that is no ftrange
c Thing among the Portuguese : For they , above all
others , mujl let the Fool peep out of their Sleeves ;
efpecially when they are in Authority. I, (faith -
the Author) knew the Laid Matthias d’ Albukerke,
in India , where he was a Captain, and paffed for
one of the beft of them ; having been much ho¬
noured, and beloved of all for his courteous Be¬
haviour : So that every body defired that he might-
be Vice-Roy. But when once he had received
his Patent, with full Power and Authority from>
d the King, he became fo much changed of a hid¬
den, that for his Pride, they all began to fear,
and curfe him, even before he departed from Lis¬
bon b ; as it is often feen in Men on their being.,
advanced to State and Dignity.
SECT. lit
Tranfaftions in the Tear , 1591.
Rich Prises taken. Earthquakes at St. Michael,
e Common in the If and s. Englifh Fleet furprifed.
The Revenge left alone. The brave Greenvile’r
Death. His Char after. Englifh Prifoners ,
and Spanifti Damages. Bartandono’r Court efy.
Prodigious Storm. Spanifti Shipwrecks. The
Revenge cajl away . Fate of a Dutch Ship.
a De Faria y Soufa fays, the Seafon was fo far advanced when he fet out, that it was generally believed he
could not go through : But he caufed himfelf to be painted on Colours, {landing upon Fortune j and fettiug them -
up in his Ship, faid. He would perform the Voyage in Jpite of her, and did it. i he Author dees uot rei.ea on
him for this ; whence it may be prefumed, he thought it only a Token of an heroic Difpofition. See I ortu-
eueze Afia, vol. 2. p. 64. b De Faria gives a very advantageous Character of this V ice-Roy. Ma¬
thias de Albuquerque, fays he, was one of the moll deferving Men who arrived to this Command, .as well for his
[good] Fortune and Valour, as Prudence and juftice. In the Treafury he left 80,000 Ducats in Money, and.
jewels of Ctylon, of great Value. Fie thought r.o Body could cheat him : But a Soldier, to undeceive him, re¬
ceived his Pay three Times in three feveral Sliapes, and by as many Names. Albuquerque afterwards hearing
of it, fent for him, and was kind to the Man ; adviflng him to ufe that Alt no more. As. to his Perlon, he
was of a middle Stature, and lame of one Foot ; but not fo in Manners, having been as much a Cbrif ian as a
Gentleman. He was the fixteenth Vice-Roy, and thirty-fourth Governor: Thefirit of the Name, and fecond ot
the Sirname. See the fame Book,p. 77, 78. This Note- is inferred to do Juftice to Albuquerque , not to conlute
Livfhotai ; who only reported what the Portuguese faid 01 their Yiee-Roy, perhaps out ot Malice.
232
1 59 1 *
Linfchoten,
L A"V
Rich Prixes
t a.k. ii.
Earthquake
at Sr. Mi¬
chael.
Commen in
the IJiatids.
Cruizing Voyages of the English to the Azores.
Loft, and all the Men. Number of Ships cajl a
cutay , and Men lojl. Weft India Fleet's Lojfes.
TH E twentieth of January , 1591, News
was brought from Portugal , that the Eng-
HJh had taken a Ship, which the King had fent
to th v Portugueze Indies , with Orders to the Vice-
Roy, to fend back the four Ships that fet out
with him; and afterwards returned as before-
mentioned. That Veflel was laden as full of
Goods as poftible, befides five hundred thoufand b
Ducats in Ryalsof Eight. It departed from Lis¬
bon in November , 1590, and meeting with the
Englijhy for a Time fought; but in the End, it
was taken, and carried into England. Yet when
they came there, the Men were fet at Liberty,
and returned to Lisbon , where the Captain was
committed Prifoner: But having cleared himfelf,
was releafed ; and from him the Author had the
Account. At the fame Time alfo, they took a
■Ship that came from la Mina in Guinea , laden c
with Gold ; and two others, with Pepper and
Spices, defigned for Italy : The Pepper only that
was in them, being worth one hundred and fe-
venty thoufand Ducats. All thefe Ships were car¬
ried into England , and made good Prize.
In July , 1591, there happened an Earthquake
in the Bland of St. Michael , which continued
from the twenty-fixth of that Month, to the
twelfth of Augujl : During all that Time, the In¬
habitants durft not ftay in their Houfes, mapy of d
which fell down, but fled into the Fields, faffing
and praying with great Sorrow. A Town called
Villa Franca , was almoft quire levelled with the
Ground ; all the Cloifters, and Houfes, having
been fhaken down, and fome People flain. The
Land, in fome Parts, rofe up, and the Clifts re¬
moved from one Place to another ; nay, fome
Hills wrere defaced, and made even with the
Plain. The Shock was fo ftrong, that the Ships
which lay in the Road out at Sea, felt it, and e
fhook, as if the World had been jogged out of
its Place. There fprang alfo a Fountain out of
the Earth, from whence, for the Space of four
Days, there flowed a mod clear Water; and
after that it ceafed : At the fame Time, they
heard fuch dreadful Thunder, and Noife under
Ground, that many died for Fear. The Ifland
of Tercera fhook four Times fuccefnvely, fo that
it feemed to turn about ; but no Misfortune hap¬
pened to it. f
Earthquakes are common in thofe Iflands:
For, about twenty Years before, there happened
one fo violent, that a high Hill, which ftands by
Villa Franca , before-mentioned, fell half down,
and covering all the Town with Earth, killed
many People. The twenty-fifth of Augujl, the
King’s Armada arrived in Tercera from Ferol \ 1 591
confiding of Bifcains , Portugueze , and Spaniards, Linfchoter
in all thirty-five Ships, with ten Dutch Fly- boats
that were prefied in Lisbon : Befides other fmall
Ships, and Pataros, to ferve as Meflengers from
Place to Place, and to difcover the Seas. This
Navy came to day for, and convoy the Ships that
fhould arrive from the Spaniflo Indies ; and the
Fly-boats were appointed t<? carry to Lisbon the
Goods belonging to the Malakka Ship that was
loft.
The thirteenth of September, the Armada ar- The Engl;
rived at the liland of Corvo : Where the Englijh, Fket fur.
with about fixteen Ships, then lay waiting for^'T^-
the Spanijh Fleet ; and had a fair Profpedf of
taking them, inafmuch, as mod of them were
already com^. But when they perceived the Ar¬
mada was drong, the Lord Thomas Howard (who
was Admiral) commanded his Fleet not to fall
upon them, nor any of the Ships to feparate from
him, without his exprefs Orders : Notwithftand-
ing, the Vice-Admiral, Sir Richard Greenvile %
being in the Revenge , entered among the Spanijh The Rt.
Fleet, and playing his Shot, did them great Hurt,venge Uj.
thinking the reft of the Company would hzvea!onc‘
followed him, which they did not, but left him
there, and failed away: The Caufe why could
not be known. The Spaniards perceiving this,
with feven or eight Ships boarded her ; but fhe
withftood them all, fighting with them for at
leaft twelve Hours together : In which Time, fhe
funk two, one being a new double Fly-boat, of
fix hundred Tons, and Admiral of the Fly-boats ;
the other, a Bifcain. At length, being overpowered
by Numbers, fhe was taken : But they paid very
dear for it, having bad above four hundred Aden
either killed or drowned : And of the Englijh were
flain about one hundred ; among whom, was Sir
Richard himfelf, who was wounded in the Brain,
whereof afterwards he died.
H e was carried into the St. Paul , wherein was 72* W.
the Admiral Don Alonfo de Bajfan: There hisGreenvil]
Wounds were dreft by the Spanijh Surgeons ; but£>M,A'
Don Alonfo himfelf would neither fee him nor
fpeak with him b : All the reft of the Captains
and Gentlemen, went to vifit, and comfort him
in his hard Fortune ; wondering at his Courage
and flout Heart, for that he fhewed not any
Signs of Faintnefs, nor changing of Colour : But
feeling the Flour of Death approach, fpoke thefe
Words in Spanijh : Here die I Richard Greenvile,
with a chearful and quiet Mind ; for that I have
ended my Life as a true Soldier ought to do ; tv bo
hath fought for his Country , fihieen, Religion , and
Honour: So that my Soul mojl joyfully departeth out
of this Body , which Jhall leave behind it the ever-
lajling Fame of a valiant and true Soldier , who had
a Linfchoten calls him Greenfield. b This feems to differ from the Englijh Account.
, 2 done
■1591-
,jnfchoten.
t/-.
Englilh Pri
Otters, and
?panifli
Damages.
Battando-
no’j Ccurie
Cruizing Voyages of the
done his Duty as became him a. When he had finiffied ;
thefe, or the like Words, he gave up the Ghoft,
with fuch great Courage, that none prefent could
perceive any Sign of Concern in him.
This Sir Richard Grcenvile was an Englijh
Gentleman, of great Ettate and Family, but of
a very daring and martial Difpofition ; infomuch,
that he voluntarily offered his Service to the
Queen. He had performed many valiant Acti¬
ons, and was greatly feared in thefe Iflands, as
well as known to every body ; but at the fame 1
Time naturally very fevere : So that his own Peo¬
ple hated him for his Fiercenefs, and fpake very
hardly of him b. For when they firft entered
amongft the Armada , they had their great Sail in
Readinefs, and might poffibly enough have got¬
ten off, for his Ship was one of the beft Sailers
in England ; and the Matter perceiving, that the
other Ships had left them, commanded the Sail
to be cut, that they might make away : But Sir
Richard threatened to hang both him, and any
elfe in the Ship, who fhould offer to lay a Hand
upon it. He was of fo hardy a Conftitution, that,
while he continued among the Spaniards , when
the Officers were at Dinner or Supper with him,
he would caroufe three or four Bumpers of Wine,
and then in a Bravado, crafh theGlafles in Pieces
between his Teeth, and fwallow them down ; fo
that often the Blood ran out of his Mouth, with¬
out doing him any farther Harm : And this was
told Linfchoten by feveral credible Perfons, who
many Times ttood and beheld him.
The Englijb , who remained in the Ship, as the
Captain of the Soldiers, the Matter, and others,
were diftributed among the Armada , where a
new Fight had almoft arifen between the Bifcains
and the Pcrtugueze ; each of them with much
Clamour contending for the Honour of having
boarded her firft: One took the chief Enfign,
the other the Flag, every one holding his own.
The Ships which had boarded her were quite out
of Order, and fhattered ; many of their Men too
were hurt; whereby they were compelled to put
into Tercera , to repair themfelves. Soon after
they arrived, the Author, and his Chamber-fel¬
low, eager to hear fome News, went aboard a
Bifcain , which was a great Ship, and one of the
Twelve Apojlles , whofe Captain, called Bartan¬
dono c, had been General of the Bifcains , in the
Fleet that went for England [in 1588].
H e leeing them, called them up into the Gal¬
lery, where with .great Courtefy he received them ;
being then at Dinner with the Englijh Captain,
who fate by him, and had on a Suit of black Vel-
i N g l i s h to the Azores. 233
vet: But they could learn nothing from him, be- 1591*
caufe he could fpeak no Language but Englijh and Linfchoten.
Latin , which Bartandono alfo could fpeak a little. “V— 1 1
The Captain got Leave of the Governor to go on
Shore with his Sword by his Side ; and was at the
Author’s Lodgings, along with the Englijh Pri-
foner mentioned before.
The Governor of Tercera invited him to Din¬
ner, and Ihewed him great Refpedf. The Matter
likewife had Leave from Bartandono to go on
Land, and was at the Author’s Lodgings: He had
at leaft ten or twelve Wounds, as well in his
Head as on his Body ; whereof afterwards he di¬
ed at Sea.1* The Captain wrote a Letter, where¬
in he gave an exa<5t Account of the Fight, and
left it with the Englijh Merchant, who lay where
Linfchoten lodged, to fend it to the Lord High
Admiral of England. After this he was carried
to Lisbon , where he was well received ; and from
thence, under a Guard, to Setuval , where he em¬
barked for England with the reft of his Country¬
men, who were taken Prifoners.
The Spanijh Armada ftaid at Corvo till the Prodigious,
of September , to affemble the reft of the Fleet : Storm.
Which at length amounted to the Number of one
hundred and forty Sail of Ships, including thofe
from India ; and being ready to fail for Tercera ,
there fuddenly arofe fo violent a Storm, that, as
the Iflanders affirmed, the like thereof was never
known in the Memory of Man : For the Sea
I feemed determined to have fwallowed up the
Iflands ; and although the Cliffs are fo high, that it
is amazing to behold, yet the Sea mounted above
them, and the very Fifties were thrown upon
Land. This Tempeft lafted not only a Day or
two with one Wind, but feven or eight Days
continually , the Wind varying through all the
Points of" the Compafs, at the leaft, twice or
thrice during that Time, without any Relaxation
of the Storm: Which was moft terrible to behold,
5 even to us, (fay s Linfchoten) who were on Shore,
much more to fuch as were at Sea.
In this Storm, on the Coafts of Tercera only, Spanifh
there were above twelve Ships caft away ; fo that Shi^vnch.
on every Side of the Bland, nothing was heard
but Complaints, and Lamentations: Here lay a
Ship broken in Pieces againft the Cliffs, and there
another, with ail the Men drowned ; infomuch,
that for twenty Days after the Storm, they did
nothing elfe but fifh for dead Bodies, that conti-
f nually came driving upon the Shore.
Among the reft, the Revenge was caft away Ths Rc^
upon a Cliff, where it brake in an hundred Pieces, venge cap
and funk downright; having in her feventy Men,
a Thefe Words, if really fpoken, were a little vain- glorious; but then it nluft be allowed, that the Purfliit os
true Glory was the prevailing Tafte of thofe heroic Times. b Yet thefe might have been only fuch People
as fpoke ill of the Vice-Roy Albuquerque: For no Judgment is to be made on the Report of iomc Soits Oi
People. c The fame with Britandona. See before, p- 219. b..
Vol. I. N° 10, H h G a legos ,
234 Cruizing V o v a G E 3 of the E
1^91. G a legos, Bifcains , and others, with lome of the a
tirifchoferi. Captive Englijbmon , whereof but one was favcd,
' whociambered up the Cliffs: Butwasfobruifed both
in his Body and Head, that as foon as he got on
Shore, he defired to be ccnfefl'ed, and prefently
after died. The Revenge had in her feveral fine
Brafs Pieces of Cannon, which the Iflanders were
in good Hope to weigh up again the following
Summer.
Fatetfa There was likewife a Fly-boat, one of thofe
Dutch Skip, that had been prelfed in Portugal to ferve the b
King, called the White Dove , Cornelius Marlin-
Jon , of Schidem in Holland , Matter. She had in
her one hundred Soldiers, which Number each of
the reft carried. After being driven up and down
for fbme Days by the Storm, he at length came
in Sight of Tercera ; which the Captain perceiv¬
ing, and imagining all their Safety confifted
in putting into the Road, compelled the Matter
and the Pilot to make towards the Ifland. The
former, at firft, refufed to do it, faying, that was c
a fure Courfe to be caft away : But the Captain
called him Drunkard, and Heretic; and ftriking
him with a Staff, commanded him to do as he
would have him. The Matter finding him-
felf compelled by fuch rude Treatment, replied,
Well then. Gentlemen, feeing it is the Defire of
you all to be caft away, I can but lofe one Life :
Thereupon he defperately failed towards the Shore,
being bn that Side of the Ifland, where there was
nothing elfe but hard Stones and Rocks, as high d
as Mountains, mod terrible to behold ; where
fbme of the Inhabitants flood ready with long
Ropes, and Cork at the End, to throw down for
the Men, to lay hold upon : But few of them got
fo near, mod of them being caft away, and fmit-
ten in Pieces, before they could get to the Wall.
Left, and all While the Ship was thus driving full tilt
the Men. towards the Shore, the Matter, who was an aged
Man, called his Son, and taking a laft Embrace,
enjoined the Youth to take no Care for him, but e
leek to fave himfelf, who, being young, might
hope to fave his Life. While thus they talked to¬
gether, fhedding many Tears, the Ship fell upon
The Cliffs, and brake in Pieces : The Father on
One Side, the Son on the other, falling into the
Sea ; and every one laying hold upon that which
came next to Hand, but to no Purpofe : For the
Waves ran fo high and furious, that they were
all drowned, excepting fourteen or fifteen, who
faved themfelves by fwimming, with their Legs f
and Arms half broken and out of Joint ; among
whom was the Matter’s Son, and four other Dutch
Boys : The reft of the Sailors, and Matter, with
Ingush to the Azores.
the Spaniards , and their Captain, were drowned,
and their Bodies floating about: A mod afflicting Linfchott
Spectacle to behold ! And all owing to the Beaft- k/’V'1
linefs and Infolence of the Spaniards ; which oc-
cafioned the Lofs of other Ships, as the Men, W’ho
were faved, gave an Account.
At the other Iflands, the Lofs was not lefs than Number*
in Tercera : For on that of St. George , there were S,fs eaft
two Ships caft away; on Pico, two; and ox\<UJay’
Graciofa , three. Befides thefe Wrecks, the Sea
alfo was covered with Pieces of broken Ships,
and other Things, floating on every Side towards
the Iflands; a mournful Profpebt ! On St. Mi¬
chael, four Ships were call away ; and between
Tcrccra and St. Michael , three more funk within
View, whofe Men were heard to cry out mod
pitifully ; but not one of them was faved. The
reft put into the Sea without Mails, all torn and
rent : So that of the whole Fleet and Armada ,
being one hundred and forty Ships in all, only
thirty-twd or three, arrived in Spain and Portu¬
gal ; dropping in, one after another, after having
endured extreme Mifery, Pain, and Fatigue.
All the reft were caft upon the Iflands, and And &
overwhelmed in the Sea: So that in the Opinion^’
of many, the Spaniards loft more Men and Ships
by this Tempeft, than were dellroyed out of the
Armada , that failed for England [in 1588]. The
Author prefumes, that it was no other than a juft
Plague fent by God upon the Spaniards , and that
it might be truly faid, the taking of the Revenge
was juftly revenged upon them, by the Divine
Power. He alfo reports, that fome of the Inha¬
bitants of Tercera openly declared,, that they
verily believed God would confume them ; and
that he manifeftly took Part with the Lutherans
and Heretics : Saying farther, that fo foon as they
had thrown the dead Body of the Vice-Admiral,
Sir Richard Greenvile , over board, the Wind be¬
gan to rife; fo that they firmly believed, that as
he was of a devilifh Faith and Religion, and con-
fequently mutt have been beloved by the Devils
for that Reafon, fo he prefently funk to the Bot¬
tom of the Sea, and thence down into Hell ;
where he raifed up all the infernal Spirits to re¬
venge his Death ; and that they brought fuch
exceffive Storms and Miferies upon the Spaniards ,
only becaufe they maintained the Catholic and
Romijh Religion. Such, and the like Blafphemies
againft God, they ceafed not publickly to utter,
without being reproved of any body a, either for
their Impiety, or falfe Conceits ; moil of them
being firmly perfuaded in the fame Way of think¬
ing.
a Linfchoten mod jufUy terms fuch Opinions falfe and blafphemous ; and it is pity they were not reproved:
But is his owh Notion of God’s Judgment, delivered immediately before, more free from that Charge, or lefs-
liable to fevere P.eproof ? So much does the lead: Taint of Superdition blind the Underdandings of People, that
they cannot fee the very fame Abfurdities in themfelves, which they difeover in others.
As
Englijh Voyages to the E
rrni. As one of thefe Indian Fleets, confuting of
Raymond, fifty Sail, put out of New Spain, thirty-five of
i— — \r— ' them were cafi: away by Storms, and fwallowed
vto/New jn tjie sea# Qf the Fleet from Santo Domingo,
sm * fourteen were wrecked coming out of the Chan¬
nel of Havana ; and among the reft, the Admi¬
ral and Vice-Admiral: And from Terra Firma ,
AST In dies and Guinea. 5
a there came two Ships laden with Gold and Silver, 159
which were taken by the Engllft) ; who, before Lancaft'-r
the SpaniJJ) Armada arrived at Corvo , at different
Times, had taken at leaft twenty Ships, that came
from Santo Domingo , India , Brazil , &c. which
were all fent into England.
CHAP. XVI.
A Voyage to the Eaft Indies in the Tear 1591, (being the fir ft performed by the
Englilh to thofe Parts) begun by Captain George Raymond, and ftnijhed by
Captain James Lancafter.
Written from the Report of Edmund Barker, Lieutenant of the Bonaventure.
miuEUtn. ’ITT E are at length arrived at the Period c
Yy when the Englijh began to vifit the Eajl
Indies in their own Ships: This Voyage of Cap¬
tain Raymond , or, if you will, Lancajler , being
the firft Eflay of the Kind, that was performed
by them. From this Year therefore, their ori¬
ental Navigations are to be dated ; although they
did not pufh them with any Vigour, till the Be¬
ginning of the next Century: At which Time,
they purfued that Commerce with unwearied Ap¬
plication, and Succefs, till they had fettled it up- d
on a fecure and advantageous Bafis, as will ap¬
pear from the Relations given in the next Book.
As for Captain Raymond a, his Ship was fepa-
parated near Cape Corientes , on the Eaftern Coaft
of Africa, from the other two ; who never heard
of him after. So^hat whether he performed the
Voyage and returned, or was loft in the Way,
does not appear from Hakluyt ; from whofe Silence
however nothing can be concluded either one
Way or the other, for a Realon given more than c
once in our Notes.
This Voyage is inferted in the Collection of
Hakluyt b, who, (as we learn from the Title)
penned it from the Mouth of Edmund Barker, of
Ipfwicb, Lancajler’s Lieutenant, and is attefted
by Lancajler htmfelf. In the fame Place we are
informed, that the Fleet confifted of three tall
Ships, the Penelope, Admiral, commanded by
George Rayjnond ; the Merchant Royal, \ ice-Ad-
miral, Araham Kendal, Captain ; and the Ed¬
ward Bonadventure , Rear-Admiral, in which was
James Lancajler.
The Voyage.
SECT. I.
The Fleet pajfes the Line. Coajl of Brazil. Sal-
danna Bay. Great Plenty. Royal Merchant
fent home. The Admiral loft in a Storm. Come
to Madagafkar. Moors taken at Quitangone.
Komoro IJles. Thirty Englilh fain by the Moors.
Zenjibar If and and Port. Portugueze Calum¬
nies. That Port recommended for refrejhing,
Portugueze Defign. Curious Sort of Pitch.
THEY left Plymouth the tenth of ApriL Flat Jet:
1591 ; came to the Canaries the twenty- out%
fifth of the fame ; and departed the twenty-nifith.
The fecond of May, they were in the Fleight pf
Cape Blanco ; the fifth, pafled the Tropic of Can¬
cer ; and the eighth were in the Altitude of Cape
Verd. They had a fair Wind at North-Eaft till
the thirteenth : When being within eight Degrees
of the Equator, they met with a contrary Gale ;
which obliged them to lie off and on in the Sea,
till the fixth of June, and then they pafled the
Line. Before that, they took a Portugueze Ca- Pappct ^
ravel, bound from Lisbon to Brazil, wherein they Line.
found fixty Tun of Wine, onfc thoufand two
hundred Jars of Oil, and one hundred of Olives;
befides fome Barrels of Capers, three Fats of
Peafe, and divers other Neceflaries, which proved
better to them than Gold. Many of the Men
r fell fick, and two died before they phfied the
Line ; it being extremely unhealthy betWee'n eight
Degrees North Latitude, and the Equator, at that
51 .We are uncertain whether this Gentleman was the fame with Captain Reymond, mentioned before, p. 215 c.
b Vol. 2. part. 2. p. 102.
Hht
Time
236
•591-
Raymond.
(7«.'.y3 c f
Brazil,
Saldanna
Say.
•Great
Plenty.
Englijh Voyages to the East Indies and Guinea^
Time of the Year: For they had nothing but a and fallow Deer, with others unknown to us;
and great Numbers of over-grown Monkeys.
Here it was thought good rather to proceed
Tornados, with fuch Thunder and Lightning,
that they could not keep their Men dry three
Hours together; to which, and their eating fait
Victuals, with Want of Cloaths to fhift them,
they owed their Sicknefs.
After palling the Line, they had (till the
Wind at Eaft South-Eaft, which carried them
along the Coaftof Brazil , atone hundred Leagues
Diftance, till they came into twenty-fix Degrees
of South Latitude, where the Wind changed to b
1591.
Lancafter.
With two Ships well manned, than with three ^°yat^er'
wanting fufficient Hands : And as there were but home.
one hundred and ninety-eight Men in all, one
hundred and one were put into the Admiral, and
ninety -feven into the Edward ; and fifty, (where¬
of many were pretty well recovered) left in the
Royal Merchant-, which, for many Reafons, was
fent home. The Difeafe that confumed the Men
the North. Here they judged, that the Cape of was the Scurvy
Good Hope bore Eaft and by South, betwixt nine
hundred and a thoufand Leagues off ; and in their
Way thither, they had the Wind often variable,
as upon the Englijh Coaft ; but for the moft Part
fo, that they could purfue their Courfe.
The twenty-eighth of July, they had Sight
of the Cape ; and till the thirty-firft, lay off and
on, with the Wind contrary, in Hopes to have
doubled it ; intending to have gone feventy
Leagues farther to Agoada de St. Bras [Bias'] be¬
fore they put into any Harbour : But the Men
in all the Ships being weak, and requiring fome
Place to refrefh, they fteered to Northward of
The. Soldiers who had not been
ufed to Sea, held out beft : But the Sailors dropt
away ; which, in the Relator’s Opinion, pro¬
ceeded from their bad Diet at home. Six Days
after the Departure of the Merchant Royal , the
Admiral left the Bay of Saldanna , and quickly
doubled the Cape of Good Hope : But being come
to Cape dos Corientes , the fourteenth of September
there arofe a mighty Storm, with violent Gufts of
Wind, wherein they loft the Admiral’s Company, nejjKjra.
and could never here of him after ; though, they [0jt /„ a
long fought, and ftaid for him at the Ifiand of .
Komoro , the Place appointed for Rendezvous.
the Cape along the Shore fifteen Leagues, and
came to Agoada de Saldanna : A goodly Bay, with
an Ifland lying to Seawards off it, where they
eaft Anchor the firft of Auguft , and then landed
the Men ; to whom there came certain Savages,
very black and brutilh, but foon retired. For <
the firft fifteen or twenty Days, they could find
no Provifion, but Cranes and Geefe, which they
fhot ; nor was there any Fifti but Muffels, and
other Shell Fifh, which they gathered on the
Rocks. Then the Admiral went with his Pin¬
nace to the Bland, where he found abundance of
Panguines and Seals, whereof he took Plenty.
Twice after that, the Boats came laden with
them to their Ships.
At length they feized a Negro, and compelled
him to march into the Country with them ;
making Signs, that they wanted fome Cattle :
But at this Time, not coming to the Sight of
any Natives, they let him go again,, with fome
Trifles, by Way of Prelent. However, within
eight Days, he with thirty or forty other Negros,
brought them about forty Bullocks, and as many
Sheep, of which they bought a few ; and eight
Days after, twenty-four of each Sort. They
had an Ox for two Knives ; a Heifer, and a
Sheep, for one Knife each ; and fome for lefs.
The Oxen are very large and flefhy ; but not fat.
The Sheep big, and very good Meat; with Hair
on their Backs inftead of W ool ; and great Tails
like thofe of Syria. There are divers Sorts of
wild Beafts, as the Antilope, whereof Mr. Lan-
caf-er killed one, (as fcig as a young Colt) the red
3
Four Days after, about ten in the Morning, there
fell a terrible Clap of Thunder, which killed four
Men, their Alecks being wrung in funder : And of
ninety- four there was not one untouched : Some
being ftricken blind, others bruifed in their Legs
and Arms ; fome again in their Breads, fo that
they voided Blood for two Days after ; others were
draivn out at length , as though they had been
racked ; but all recovered. TheMain-maft was
alfo fadly torn from the Head to the Deck; and
fome of the Spikes that went ten Inches deep into
the Timber, were, melted with the extreme Heat.
Thence they failed North- Eaft, and foon after Come to m.
fell in with the North-Weft End of the Bland ofdagaflear.
St. Laurence : Which one of theMen luckily efpied
late in the Evening, by Moon-light, without
knowing what to make of it ; but calling others
to inform him, they perceived the Sea breaking
upon the Shoals: Whereupon, in very good Time
they tacked about, and efcaped the Danger. Paf-
fingon forward, they happened to overfhootz^-
zambik, and fall with a Place called gjuitangone ,
two Leagues to the Northward ; where they took Moors /<**<•
three or four Barks of Moors , which they calDrQuaan-
Pangaias , laden with Millio, Hens, and Ducks, Son-’
with one Portugueze Boy on board,, going for the
Provifion of Mozambik. A few Days after, they
came to an Bland, an hundred Leagues to the
Ncrth-Eaft of Mozambik , called Komoro: Which
they found exceeding full of ALoors , of tawny
Colour, and good Stature ; but carefully to be
watched, being very treacherous.
Here being in Want of Water, they fent theKomoro
Boat with fixteen Men well armed, whom th zijiands.
People
Englijh Voyages to
E a s t Indies and Guinea.
237
.*59 *•
Raymond.
thirty Men
Lr« by the
Ioors.
People fuffered quietly to land ; and divers of
them came aboard the Ship with their King,
'drefled in a Gown of Crimfon Sattin, pinked
after the Moorijh Fafhion, down to the Knee.
The Englijh entertained him in the beft Manner,
and had fome Conference with him about the
State of the Place, and Merchandizes ; the Por¬
tugal Boy, lately taken, ferving for their Inter¬
preter. After this, they fent twice for Water,
and had it very quietly : They were now fuffici-
ently furnifhed.
However, William Mace of Ratclijf the
Matter, pretending, that it would be long before
they fhould find any other good watering Place,
would needs go on Shore himfelf, with thirty Men
_ _ :„/iT Will • Ruf- half o
In this Harbour, a Ship of five hundred Tons I59I*
may ride with Safety. Here is alfo good Water- Lancafter.
ing, with Plenty of Provifions, as Oxen, Hens,
and Fifh, befides Variety of outlandifh Fruits cfmfJfnrdJf
For thisReafon, the Writer of the Journal re¬
commends it to all Englijh Ships, which fhould,
for the future, pafs that Way, to touch at Zan¬
zibar \ but to beware of th t Portugueze : For
while they lay here, their Admiral of the Coaft,
from Melinda to Mozambik , came in a Galley-
Frigate of ten Tons, with eight or nine Oars on
a Side, to view their Boat, and feize it, if he
could have found an Opportunity: Whereof Portugueze
they were informed, by an Arabian Moor c, who^cA?”*
came from the King divers Times to treat about
much acrainft the Captain’s Will : But as half of the Delivery of the Prieft aforefaid ; and after-
^ ~ . 1 • rt . i Oi • . 1. _ _ J ~ l _ _ ^ U ^ thp\; Kroner hf- ‘HIAZRV Wltll
them were wafhing over-againft the Ship, the
Moors took that Opportunity, while they were
divided, and killed molt of them in Sight of thofe
aboard, who were not able, for Want of a Boat,
to yield them any Succour.
wards by another, whom they brought away with
them : For wherever they came, their Care was to
get into their Hands, one or two of the Natives,
in order to learn the Language and State of the
Country. Here again they had another Clap of
tflar.d Zan-
sbar.
Fro m hen ce, with heav y Hearts, they Draped Thunder, which [hook their Fore- mail exceed-
• ^ r rP rr Jncrlv • Rut thev fifhed. and repaired it withTim-
their Courfe for Zanzibar the feventh of Novem¬
ber where, fhortly after, they arrived, and made
a new Boat with fuch Boards as they had in the
Ship. They rode there till the Middle of Fe¬
bruary , in which Space they faw divers Pangaias,
or Boats, which are fattened with wooden Pins,
Portugueze
Calumnies,
ingly : But thev fifhed, and repaired it with Tim¬
ber from the Shore, where there is abundance of
Trees,, fome forty Foot high ; which Barker fup-
pofed to be Cedar, the Wood being red and
tough.
-iii.113 Here ^rw^-thelr-Siirgeon, died of a vio -Curious Sort*
andfewed together with Palmto Cords, caulked ,Uent Heat in his Head, which might tow = been./
with the Hulks of Cocoa-Dtells beaten. At length cured by letting of Blood in Time. [t'eygo ,
a Portugal Panraia, coming out of the Harbour d in this Place, fome thoufand Weight of Pitch ,
of Zanzibar J whale they have a fmall Fadory, or rather a Kind of grey and white Gun, like
- - - - n **1 - T -*■ Frankincenfe, as clammy as rurpentine, which,
in melting, grows black as Pitch, and was very
brittle, till mingled with Oil. Six Days before
their Departure, the Cape Merchant of the [Por¬
tugueze'] Fa&ory fent a Letter to Captain Lan-
cajler by a Negro, his Man and a Moor in a-
Canoe, requefting a Jar of Wine, another of
lent a converted Moor , in a Canoe, with a Let
ter, defiring to know who they were, and what
they wanted. The Anfwer was, they were En-
glijhmen , come from Don Antonio a about Bufinefs
to his Friends in the Indies: On which they went
away, and returned no more. _
Not long after, they manned out their Boat
Not Ions: after, they manned our ineir aum, j
SrirBridb'X* inftJcir"ngua^»0^[ e Tte Captainfeni WmlisSemands by the Mr,
t 4 £* £ ME S5 a^wi-oSatof
took very kindly ; and for his Ranfom, furnifti-
ed them with two Months Vidfuals, all which
Time they detained the Prieft with them. Thefe
Moors informed them of the falfe and fpitejul
Dealings of the Portugueze j who, that the En¬
glijh might know nothing of the Affairs and
Trade of the Country, advifed them, if they
loved their Safety, not to go near the Ship, re-
prefenting the Crew as Man-eaters. During their f
Stay here, they fet upon a Portugal Pangaia
(armed with ten Mufkets) in their Boat ; but it
being fo fmall, that the Men were not able to
ftir in it, they could not compafs their. Defign,
Mohammedans in general, throughout the Coafts and Iflands of the Indian Seas. Junfalaom.
had been in th eEaJl Indies , and knew fomewhat of
the Country. He informed them of a fmall Bark
of thirty Tons, (called by the Moors , a Junko)
which came from Goa thither, witn Pepper for
the Fa&ory.
SECT. H.
They leave Zanjibar. Deceived by the Currents .
Cate Komori. Nikubar IJlands. Pulo Pinaou,
Coajl of Malakka. Take fome Ships of Marta-
van. Pulo Sambilam. Portugueze Ship taken-.
Another taken , but the Men efcape. Kingdom of
238
1592.
Raymond.
Deprived by
the Currents.
^Englijh 'Voyages to the East Indies and Guinea.
Junfalaom. Nikubar IJlands. Come to Scy- a Malakka. Here they determined to Winter, and
tan. landed their Men, being very fickly ; of whom
1592.
Lancaftei
Cape Ko
mori.
Nikubar
IJlands.
SAVING trimmed their Ship, they fet for¬
ward the fifteenth of February for Cape
/, intending there to have Iain off and on
for fuch Ships as fhould have paffed from Zeilany
Sant Tome , Bengala , Pegu , Malakka , the Ma-
dnkkosy the Coaft of China , and the Ifle of "fupan ;
which Veffels are exceeding rich : But being de¬
ceived by the Currents that fet into the Red-fea ,
along the Coaft of Melinda ; and the Winds
fhortening upon them to the North-Eaft and
Eafterly, they were driven farther to the North¬
ward, within fourfeore Leagues of the Ifle of
Zccotora. However, here they always found a-
bundance of Dolphins, Bonitos, and flying Fifties.
Now the Ship being driven fo much out of her
Courfe, and the Time fo far fpent, they deter¬
mined to fail either for the Red-fea , or the faid
twenty-fix died, and among the reft John Hally
their Mafter, and Rainold Goldingy a Merchant
of very good Senle. So that when they left the
Bland, tliere were but thirty-three Aden and a
Bov left ; of whom not above twenty-two were
fit for Labour, and of them not paft a third Part
Sailors. Their Refrefhing, in this uninhabited
Place, was very fmall ; being only Oyfters and
great Wilks growing on Rocks, with fome few
Fifh, which they took with their Hooks. How¬
ever thefe Blands are full of Trees of white
Wood, above an hundred Foot high, and fo
ftrait, that they are fit for Mafts.
The Winter being paffed, and their Ship fit -Coaft of
ted for putting to Sea, towards the End of Augujly Malakka,
they departed to feek fome Place of Refrefhing ;
and eroding over to the Coaft of Malakka , next
Day they came to Anchor in a Bay in fix Fathom
Bland : But the Wind very luckily came about c Water, two League from Shore. Here Captain
to the North- Weft, and carried them diredlly to¬
wards Cape Komori.
Before they doubled it, they purpofed to
touch at one of the Iflands of Mamaley in twelve
Degrees North, which yielded Provifions ; but
they miffed it partly through the Obftinacy of
their Mafter: For the Day before they fell with
fome of the Iflands, the Wind coming about to
the South -Weft, they changed their Courfe. The
Wind increafingSoutherly, they feared theyfhould
net ‘have been able to double the Cape, which
would have greatly hazarded their calling away
upon the Coaft of India: For the Winter Seafon
and Weftern Mon fons, which continue on that
Coaft till Augujly were already come in. Never-
thdefs, the Wind changing more Wefterly in
May 1592, they happily doubled the Cape with¬
out Sight of the Land.
Hence they directed their Courfe for the
Iflands of Nicubary (which lie North and South
with the Weftern Part of Sumatra , in feven De¬
grees North-Latitude) and having a very good
Wind, arrived there in fix Days, although the
Weather was foul with violent Rain, and Gulls:
But by the Mailer's Fault, in not duly obferving
the South Star, they fell, the firft of June, to the
Southward of them, within Sight of the Blands
of Gomes Polo\ and kept on the North-Eaft Side
ot them, two or three Days becalmed, plying
oft and on the Coaft ol Sumatra , but two Leagues
diftant, expe&ing to have had a Pilot from thence.
Now the Winter coming on, with much conta¬
gious Weather, they faded for the Blands of
tulphinaou. Pulo Pinaouy (Pulo, in the Afalaya/iy fignifies an
Bland) where they arrived the Beginning of Juney
and came to an Anchor betweenThem, in a very
good Harbour, in fix Degrees thirty Minutes
North, about five Leagues from the Coaft of
Lancajlery his Lieutenant, and fome others
landed, and perceived the frefti Tracks of bare¬
footed People, with a Fire burning : But faw no
living Creature, lave a certain Kind of Sea-fowl,
called Ox Birdsy which are very tame and grey,
like a Suite in Colour, but not in Beak. Having
killed fome eight Dozen with Hail-fhot, they re¬
turned towards Night aboard. Next Day, a
Canoe, with about fixteen naked Indians , drew
near them, but would not come aboard : How¬
ever, the Englijb going afterwards on Shore, -they
came and converfed with them in a friendly Man¬
ner, and promifed them Victuals.
The Day following, they efpied -three ShipsT^/w
of fixty or feventy Tons each, one of which they^YV
made to ftrike with their very Boat : And un-Martavan'
demanding it was of the Town of Martabam,
(which is the chief Haven for the great City of
Pegu) and that the Goods belonged to certain
Portuguese Jefuits, and a Bifcuit-Baker of the
fame Nation, they took it; but did not force
the other two, becaufe they were the Property of
the Merchants of lPegu. All three were freighted
with Pepper, which they laded at Peray a Place
thirty Leagues to the South. The ‘Night fol¬
lowing, all the Aden, except twelve, whom they
had taken into their Ship, being moft of them
Peguinsy fled in their Boat; leaving their Ship
and Goods, which were put on board the Ed¬
ward. After this, they took another Ship of
Pegu, laden with Pepper, and difmiffed her with¬
out touching any Thing.
Their fick Men being fomewhat refrefhed Pulo Sam-
and ltrenghtened with fuch Relief as they found Ma®.
in the Prize ; after a Stay of ten Days, in the
Beginning of September , they failed into the
Streights, and came to Pulo Sambilaniy forty-five
Leagues Northward of the City of Malakka 7 To
which
Englijh Voyages to the East Indies and Guinea.
*39-
1^92. which Blands the Portuguese Ships mud needs a cured two or three Quintals. They likewife Tent 150
1 Raymond, come, that are bound from either Goa, or St. Thorne,
for the Malukos , China , and Japan. When they had
been five Days plying to and fro, upon a Sunday ,
A Portu- they efpied a Sail ; which proved to boa Portugal
yueze Slip Ship of two hundred and fifty Tons, laden with
Rice for Malakka , that came from Nagapatan ,
a Port of India , over-agninft Zeilan. Having
taken her, Lancajler ordered their Captain and
Mafter aboard his own Ship, and fent hisLieute-
Commodities to barter with the King for Amber- Lancafter.
greafe, and the Horns of the Abath : A Beafl with '■Vs"-
one Horn in her Forehead, thought to be the
Female Unicorn a, and highly efteemed by the
Moors in thofe Parts, as a fovereign Remedy
againft Poifon. They got but two or three of
thefe Horns, which are of a brown grey Colour ;
and a Quantity of Amber-greafe, whereof the
Trade only belongs to the King, who at laft1
nant and feven more to keep the Prize, which b went about to feize their Portuguese , and Mer
Jt Galleon
pi! ken, the
Men efca-
{>»:£■
rode in thirty Fathom Water ; there being good
Anchorage in that Channel three or four Leagues
from Shore. They thought alfo to have taken
a Portugal Ship of St. Thome of four hundred
Tons, that came and anchored by the Prize. in
the Night ; but the Edward was fo foul, that fhe
efcaped. After taking out of the Prize what they
thought fit, they turned her adrift, with all her
Crew, except a Pilot and four Moors
chandize : Which the Man perceiving, they told-
him, there was guilt Armour,- Shirts of Male, and
Halberts (Things they greatly defired) on board-
the Ships, for Hope whereof the King let him-
return.
They then left this Coaft, and palling by Su- Nikubar
matra , went to the Iflands of Nikubar , inhabited W's'
by Moors, who daily brought them Hens, Cocoa,
Plantains, and other Fruits in their Canoes: They
The fixth of Oflober , they met with a Ma- c alfo bought Calico Cloth, with Royals of Plate,
lakka Ship of feven hundred Ton?, that came
from Goa, which, after her Main-yard was fhot
through, yielded, Her Captain, Maffer, and
Pilot, being commanded on board, only the Cap¬
tain with one Soldier came. After fome Talk,
lie propofed to go fetch the reft, under Pretence,
that they would not come unlefs he went for
them : But as foon as he reached the Ship, in the
Edge of the Evening, he made to Shore with all
the People, to the Number of three hundred
Men, Women, and Children, in two great Boats.
They found on board fifteen Pieces of Brafs
[Cannon] three hundred Butts of Canarie and
Nipar , or Palm Wine, with very ftrong Raifin
Wine ; all Sorts of Haberdafhery Wares, as Hats,
red-knit Caps, and Stockings of Spanijh Wool ;
Velvets, Taffitaes, Cambletsand Silks, abundance
of Suckets, Rice, /'Wr* Glaftes, counterfeit Stones,
(brought by an Italian from Venice , to cheat the
fifhed out of the Wreck of two Portuguese Ships-
bound for China , which, not long before, were
cad: away there. They call the Cocoa, in their'
Language, Calamba ; the Plantain, Pifon ; a Hen,
Jam ; a Fifli, Ikkan ; a Hog, Babee.
The twenty-firft of November, they departed Com to
for the Bland of Zeikm\ and arrived on theSeylan-
South-Side the third of December , 1592, in fix
Fathom Water: But the Ground being rocky
and foul, they loft their Anchor. Then they
ran along the South-Weft Shore, to a Place call¬
ed, Punta del Galle , intending to wait for the
Bengala and Pegu Fleets ; the firft of feven or
eight Ships, thefecondof two or three: Which,
with the Portugal Ships of Tanaferi , (a great Bay
in the Kingdom of Siam, to the Southward of
Martabam ) were to come that Way within four¬
teen Days, with Commodities for the Caraks,
that commonly depart from Kochin for Portugal
Indians ) playing Cards, and two or three Packs e by the Middle of January . The Ships from Ben
gala carry finePavillions for Beds, wrought Quilts, <
Calicoes, Pintados, and other rich Manufactures,,
with Rice ; and make this Voyage twice a Year.
Thofe of Pegu bring the moft valuable Stones, as-
Rubies and Diamonds; but their chief Lading is
Rice, and certain Cloth. Thofe of are chief¬
ly freighted with Rice and Nipar Wine ; which is'
very ftrong, and as clear as Rock- Water, but
fomewhat whitifh, and very hot, like Aqua Vita.
of French Paper : But they found none of the
Treafure, which is ufually brought by this Gal¬
leon, in Royals of Plate. Becaufe the Sailors
pillaged this rich Ship in a diforderly Manner,
and would not remove the Wines into the Ed¬
ward, the Captain, after taking out the choiceft
Goods, fet her adrift.
Khgd-Mof For Rear of the Forces of Malakka , they de-
Junaiaom. parte(j thence to a Bay in the Kingdom of Jun-
falaom , between Malakka and Pegu, eight De- f
grees Northward, to feek for Pitch to trim their
Ship. Here they fent the Soldier, who was left
behind by the Captain of the Galleon, and fpoke
the Malayan , to deal for Pitch, of which he pro-
SECT. III.
The Sailors refufe to proceed any farther. Tfoeyt
Jleer homewards. Arrive at St. Helena. Odd
a The Beaft meant here is the Rhinoceros , whofe Horn proceeds from its Nofe, as the Name denotes. De
Faria fays, a Rhinoceros , or Abada, was fent, by the King of Cambay a, to Albuquerque. See P or tug. Afiay
vol. 1. p. 202. Linfchotcn deferibes the Abada, ox Rhinoceros, b. 1. chap. 47. p. 88.
Accident.
Englijh Voyages to the East Indies and Guinea.
Accident. They mutiny again. Are driven to a Scurvy, and the other had been nine Months 1593.
the Gulf of Paria in America. Current there. Tick of the Flux, prefently recovered. They Lancaftei
Mona If and. Hifpaniola. Bermudas. Nueblas found great Store of excellent green Figs, Oran-
Jfands. Return to Mona. Captain Lancafter ges, and Lemons ; with abundance of Goats, Hogs,
and others left there. Are luckily relieved. He re- Partriges, Guinea Cocks, and other wild Fowl.
turns in a French Ship. Having taken in Water, and fome Bto\\- Sailors mu
fion of Fifh, the Sailors infilled to go flrait"”^
The Saifo-s 1 A STING Anchor in foul Ground before home. This the Captain agreed to, becaufe he
^farther X-d Punta Galle, they loft it, and lay all that was defirous to go for Fernambuk in Brazil , for
Night adrift, becaufe the two they had left were which they departed the twelfth of April, 1593.
unllocked, and in hold ; which the Sailors made a b But the next Day, calling the Sailors to finifh a
Handle of to return home. The Captain at that Fore-fail, fome of them anfwered, that unlcfs
Time lying dangeroufly fick, in the Morning it they might go diredly home, they would lay their
was refolved to ply up to the Northward, and Hands to nothing ; whereupon he was conftrain-
keep too and again out of the Current ; which ed to follow their Humour. From thenceforth,
otherwife would have carried the Ship South- they directed their Courfe for England , till they
ward out of the Reach of Land. Having, with came to eight Degrees North of the Line; fpend-
thisView, hoifted the bore-fail, and prepared to fet ing fix Weeks in the Way, with many calm and
the reft, the Men declared they would take their contrary Winds atNorth, Eaft, andWeft: Which
direct Courfe {or England, and flay there no longer. Lofs of Time, and Expence of their Provifions,
1 he Captain finding all Perfuafions vain, was con- c (whereof they had very fmall Store) made them
ftrained to give way, and quit all his lair Prof- think of altering their Courfe ; and fome of the
peds. _ Men beginning a Mutiny, threatened to break
' tbcyjiecr On the eight of December, 1592, they fet Sail up the Chefts of others for Victuals : For every
Lombards. for the Cape of Buona Speranfa, palling by the Man had his Share in his own Cuftody, that they
Blands of Maldiva , and leaving that of St. Lau- might be fure what they had to truft to, and huf-
rence, [or Madagajkar'] (in twenty-fix Degrees band it the better. The Captain, defirous to
South) to the Northward. Betwixt this Ifland prevent this Mifchief, having been informed, by
and the Coaft of Africa , they found great Store one of the Company, who had been at the JJle of
of Bonitos , and Albocores, which are a greater Trinidada, in D. Cbidlys Voyage, [to the StreightsCw-wir
Kind of Fifh; of which Captain Lancajler, be- j of Magallan~\ that there they fhould be fure toParia*
ing now recovered, catched, with an Hook, as meet with Provifions, direded his Courfe to that
many in two or three Hours, as would ferve forty Illand : But not being acquainted with the Cur-
Perfons a whole Day. They took as many daily rents, was carried, the Beginning of June, into
for five or fix Weeks, which was no fmall Re- the Gulf of Paria. Here they were eight Days,
frefhing tor them. In. February, 1593* they fell and often in three Fathom Water ; finding the
with Baia de Agaa, an hundred Leagues to the Current continually fetting in, and no Way out,
North-Eaft of the Cape of Good Hope : But finding till they got to the Weftern-Side, under the Main
the Winds contrary, they fpent a Month or five Land, where they found no Current at all, and
Weeks before they could double it. After which, more deep Water : And fo keeping by the Shore,
in March following, they failed for St. Helena , e the Wind, which blew from Land every Night,
and arrived the third of April ; where they flayed, did at length help them out to the Northward,
to their great Comfort, nineteen Days. Being clear, within four or five Days after, Com to
v h Vi Here one of the Sailors took thirty goodly they fell with the Bland lAona, where they rode Motalp
Mongers in one Day, with other Rock-fifh, and eighteen Days ; in which Time, the Indians gave
fome Bonitos. Lieutenant Barker, going on Shore them fome Refrefhment : And a French Ship of
with four or five Peguins, or Men of Pegu, and Caen [in Normandy'] likewife arriving, they bought
the Surgeon, in an Houfe by the Chapel, found of M. de Barboterre, the Captain, two Butts of
John Segar, of Bury in Suffolk ; who, -having Wine, Bread, and other Viduals. After this,
been ^ dangeroufly ill, was left there eighteen they fitted out their Ship, and flopped a great
Months before, by Abraham Kendall, in the Royal f Leak, which fprung in the Gulf of Parra. Be-
Mercbant, to recover his Health. He feemed as ing ready to depart, there arofe a Storm from the
trefh colouied,^ and in as good Plight, as might North, which drove them from Anchor, and
Odd Acts - be. But whetner thiough l1 right, apprehending forced them to the Southward of Santo Domingo. Hifpaniol
them at firft to be Enemies, or through Excels of 'Phis Night they were in Danger of Shipwreck
J°), when he underflood they were his old Con- on an Ifland, called Savona, which is environed
forts, he became light-headed ; and taking no Reft w'ith Flats, lying four or five Miles off. Getting
for eight Days, died for Want of Sleep. Here two clear of them, they di reded their Courfe Weft-
of thv Men, Vr hereof one was troubled with the ward along Santo Domingo j and, doubling Cape
Tiber on.
240
1 593 •
Raymond,
i/ym
*593-
’.aymond
brmudas
Englijh Voyages to the E
Tiberon, pafled through the old Channel, between
that Ifland and Cuba , for the Cape of Florida ,
Here they met again the Caen Ship, whofe Cap¬
tain could fpare them no more Vidluals, but on¬
ly Hides which he had trafficed for upon thofe
Iflands.
Having pafled the Cape, and gotten clear of
the Channel of Bahama , they fleered for the
Bank of Newfoundland. In this Courfe they ran
to the Height of thirty-fix Degrees, and as far to
the Eafl, as the Ifle of Bermuda ; where, the fe-
venteenth of September , finding the Wind very
variable (contrary to their Expeditions, and all
Mens Writings) they lay by a Day or two : But
the Wind, which was Northerly, increafing con¬
tinually, it grew to be a Storm; and blew twen¬
ty-four Hours fo violently, that it not only car¬
ried away their Sails, which were furled, but
threw fo much Water into the Ship, that it drew
fix Foot in the Hold. Having difcharged it with
baling, the Wind fhifted North- Weft, and fell ;
but prefently arofe again with fuch Fury, that
the Ship loft her Foremaft, and became as full
of Water as before. The Wind proving con¬
trary, when the Tempeft ceafed, and their Pro-
vifion at an End (having eaten Hides for fix or
feven Days) they judged it bell to turn back a-
gain for Dominica , and the adjacent Iflands, to
feek Relief: But before they could get thither
the Wind failed them, fo that they were obliged
t Nueblas. to fhape their Courfe Weftward, to the Nueblas ,
or Cloudy Ifands , near St. Juan de Porto Rico ;
where they found Land-Crabs, frefh Water, and
Tortoifes, which go on Shore, moftly about the
Full of the Moon. Having refrefhed here for
eighteen Days, and taken in a little Provifion,
they refolved to return to Mona ; only five Men,
who could not be prevailed on to go, ftayed be¬
hind, and got home afterwards in an Englijh
Ship.
c/ back t» They arrived the fifteenth of November ,
!na' 1593, at Mona \ Where the Captain, with his
Lieutenant, and fixteen others, went to the
Houfes of the old Indian and his three Sons, hop¬
ing to get Vidluals, all theirs being fpent. They
were three Days feeking Provifion for Relief of
thofe on board : But the Wind being Northerly,
and the Sea running high, fo that the Boat could
not get alhore to fetch it off, they refolved to
wait till next Day. Mean Time, about twelve
at Night, the Carpenter cutting the Cable, the
1 Captain Ship drove away with only five Men and a Boy
her. k* F)iftrefs they feparated in Com-
ast Indies and Guinea.
241
a panies, that Place not being fufficient to fupport 1594.
them all. 'The Captain and fix others lived on Lancafter.
Stalks or Purfelan boiled ^ and now and then got '
a Pompion in the old Indian’s Garden, who, at
this Time, fled from them to the Mountains.
At the End of t wen ty -nine Days they efpied^/rf^
a French Ship of Diepe , called the Lcuifa ; which, relieved.
on their making a Fire, hare in with the Land,
and anchored at the weftern End of the Ifland.
The Indian and his Sons on this, came down to
b Captain Lancajler , and went with him to the
Ship ; and the next Day eleven more were carri¬
ed aboard, and ufed courteoufly. The fame
Day another Ship of Diepe arrived, and ftayed
till Night, expedling the other feven Men ; but
although certain Pieces of Ordnance were fhot
off to call them, they came not. Hereupon the
Ships departing, arrived on the North Side of St.
Domingo ; where the Englijhmen remained till A-
pril following, 1594, and lpent two Months in
c Traffic with the Inhabitants, by Permiflion, for
Hides, and other Merchandizes. Mean Time,
by a Ship of Newhaven , which touched there, they
had Intelligence of their feven Men, who were
left behind at Mona: Which was, that two of
them brake their Necks with venturing to take
Fowls upon the Cliffs ; three others were flain by
the Spaniards , who came from St. Domingo , on
Information given by thofe who went away in
the Edward ; and the other two this Newhaven
d Man had with him in his Ship, having efcaped
the Spaniards bloody Hands.
At this Place Captain Lancajler and his Lieu- Retur„s ;n e
tenant went aboard another Ship of Diepe , John French Sbig.
la Noe , Captain, leaving the reft of their Com¬
pany to follow. On Sunday the feventh of April,
1594, they fliaped their Courfe homeward ; and
paffing through the Caijcos {near the Windward
Paflage] the nineteenth of May arrived fafe at
Diepe: Where having ftayed two Days to refrefh,
e they crofted over to Rye , and landed on Friday
the twenty -fourth of the fame Month, 1594.
They fpent, in this Voyage, three Years, fix
Weeks, and two Days (which the Portuguese
perform in half the Time) chiefly becaufe they
miffed the right Time of fetting out. They
underftood in the Eajl Indies , by certain Portu¬
guese whom they took, that their Countrymen
had newly difeovered the Coaft of China , as far
as the Latitude of fifty-nine Degrees, finding the
f Sea ftill open to the Northward : Which, Mr,
Barker concludes, gave great Hopes of the Nortk-
Eaft or North-Weft Palfage.
VOL, I.
N* XI.
CHAP.
242
I59I*
Rainolds
and Daflel.
Englijh Voyages to the East I n d ie s and Guine a*.
CHAP. XVII.
' The Voyages of Richard Rainolds and Thomas DafTel, to the Rivers of Senega
and Gambra, adjoining on Guinea, in 159-1*.
*59i
Rainolds
and Daflel
Places of
“Trade.
/French
Trade ,
Previous Remarks
BY Virtue of her Majefty’s Charter, granted a
in 1588 b, certain Englijh Merchants have
Liberty to trade along the Coaft of Africa , from
the River of Senega to that of Gambra , inclu-
fively. The chief Places of Traffic between
which Rivers, are thefe.
SENEGA River ; the Commodities are, Hides,
Gum, Elephants Teeth, a few Grains, Oftrich
Feathers, Ambergreafe, and fome Gold.
BESEGU1ACHE % a Town by Cape Verde,
[twenty-eight] Leagues from Senega ; the Com- b
modites are, fmall Hides, and a few Teeth.
REFISKA VIEJO , a Town four Leagues
from Befeguiache ; the Commodities fmall Hides,
and a few Teeth now and then.
PALME RIN , a Town two Leagues from
Ref ska ; the Commodities are fmall Hides, and
a few Elephants Teeth now and then.
PORTO D’ ALLY, a Town five Leagues from
Palmer in ; the Commodities, fmall Hides, Teeth,
Ambergreafe, and a little Gold. Here are ma- c
ny Portuguese.
KANDIMAL , a Town half a League from
Porto d’Ally, the Commodities, fmall Hides, and
a few Teeth now and then.
PALMERIN, a Town three Leagues from
Kandimal ; the Commodities, fmall Hides, and a
few Teeth now and then.
JO ALA, a Town fix Leagues from Palmerin ;
the Commodities, Hides, Wax, Elephants Teeth,
Rice, and fome Gold. Many Spaniards and d
Portuguese are there.
GAMBRA River; the Commodities are.
Rice, Wax, Hides, Elephants Teeth, and Gold.
The French of Diepe and Newhaven have
traded thither above thirty Years ; and common¬
ly with four or five Ships a Year ; whereof two
fmall Barks go into the River of Senega: The
others (till within thefe four Years, that the En¬
glijh came thither) ufed to ride in the Road of
Porto d’Ally , and fo fent their fmall Shallops, of e
fix or eight Tons, to fome of the Places before-
mentioned. Wherever they refort, they are ge¬
nerally well beloved, and as courteoufly enter-
by Mr. Rainolds.
tained of the Negros, as if they had been born
in the Country. Very often the Negros come
into France , and return again ; which is a fur¬
ther increafing of mutual Love and Amity.
Since the Englijh have frequented the Coaft, the
French ride with their Ships at Ref ska Viejo , and
fuffer ours to anchor at Porto d' Ally. The French
never ufe to go into the River Gambra , whole
Trade and Riches the Portuguese conceal :
For, long fince, a Frenchman having entered
the River with a fmall Bark, he was furpriz-
ed and taken by two Portuguese Galleys.
In the fecond Voyage and fecond Yeard, a-p
bout forty-two Englijhmen were flain or taken vilify.
Prifoners, and mo ft of their Goods confifcated
in Porto d’Ally and Joala ; by the treacherous
Contrivance of the Portuguese, and Confent of the
Negro King : Of them all, only two returning,
who were Merchants. In like Manner Thomas
Dajfel , and others, had been betrayed, by the
Procurement of Pedro Gonfalues , one of Don
Antonio, the King of Portugal’s Servants, if the
Plot had not been fortunately difeovered.
From the North Side of Senega River, along
the Sea Coaft, to about Palmerin, is all one King¬
dom of Negros. The King’s Name is Malek e
Zamba, who dwells two Days Journey within
Land from Ref ska.
The VOYAGE.
Ife of Liberty, near Cape Verde. Befergueache
Port. The Portugueze hated by the Negros,
The Englifh kindly received there , and at Re-
fifka. Port d’Ally. Portugueze Frauds and
Lies, to defray the Englifh. Joala. Gonfal-
ves, his Plot detected. A Portugueze feised,
and he delivered up by the Negros. Confeffes
his Defgn. Is fent back to England. Spanifh
and Portugueze Dijfmulation. Not fo fncere
as the Negros. Their Trade on thefe Coafs.
Thofe who refde there , the worf of Mifcreants.
H E twelfth of November, 1591, Richard
Rainolds (the Author) and Thomas Daf'el, f °f ll
a From Hakluyt's Colle&ion, vol. 2. part 2. p. 188. b See before, p. 139. Note a. c Or Barza-
guiche ; fo the Natives call the Ifland Goree, the Town of that Name wasoppofite on the Continent. d Hence
it appears, that this was the third Voyage (this being the third Year fince the Grant of the Patent) but we find
no Account of the other two, farther than what is mentioned here : Yet the fame Trade was carried on by
others, as well as the Patentees, as appears from Kelly's Ship being at the- fame Time on the Coaft.
e Or Melik (in the Original Melick) which, in Arabic, fignifies King,
Fa6Iors>
Englijh Voyages to the East Indies ^ Guinea. 243
iefeguea
he.
Kindly re¬
lived on
Store.
i-roi. Factors, in a Ship called the Nightingale, of Lon- a
ainoids don, of one hundred and twenty-five Ions, and
id Daifei. a pinnace, called the Mejfenger , of forty 1 cns,
1 arrived near Cape Verde , at the little ifland of
Liberty. Here they fet up a fmall Pinnace, fuch as
they carry their Merchandize on Land with, when
they traffic ; and in the mean time Dajfe l yecnt
with the great Pinnace, to trade with Spaniards ,
or Portugueze, in Porto A Ally , or fioala .
On the Continent, over-againft the Ifland, is
an Habitation of the Negros, called Befegueache , b
■ortugueze wh0fe Alcaide, or Governor, with a great Train,
atd. came aboard in their Canoas, to receive the King s
Duties, for Anchorage ; and permitting the Pin¬
nace to be fet up. He was very well pleafed,
that no Portugueze was on board, faying, that
the Englijh would be much better thought of by
the King and People, if they never did bring
Portugueze with them, but came of themfelves,
as the French always did. Rainolds , to gain his
Friendfhip the more, gave him and all his Com- *
pany courteous Entertainment ; and, at his Re-
queft, having taken Pledges, went, with others,
on Land with him.
At this Jundlure there was hot War between
the Alcaide , and the Governor of the next Pro¬
vince: Neverthelefs, on the Arrival of the Ln-
glijhy a Truce was concluded for a while, and
Mr. Rainolds , with his Company, were conduc¬
ed, by both Parties, to the Governor’s Houfe,
in Befegueache ; whe rethey were courteoufly feaft-
ed, after their Manner, and, with fome Pre-
fents, returned fafe aboard again. Next Day
the Alcaide came aboard again, to defire the Au¬
thor to fend fome Iron, and other Commodities,
in the Boat, to traffic with the Negros ; and go
himfelf to Refiska with the Ship. Mr. Rainolds
obferved, that a Number of Negros attended the
Alcaide's Landing, in warlike Manner, with
Bows and poifoned Arrows, poifoncd Darts and
Swords ; being armed, becaufe their Enemy was
there, who, by reafon of the Truce, were come
to view the Ship. They, for the moft Part, ap¬
proached him kneeling, and killed the Back of
his Hand.
The feventeenth, they weighed Anchor, and
by reafon no French ship was come, Air. Ram-
olds went to the Road of Refiska ; where he fent for
the Alcaide's Interpreters, who came aboard, and
received the King’s Duties, for Liberty to traf¬
fic : After which he daily exchanged Iron, and
other Wares, for Hides, and fome Elephants
Teeth, finding the Negros very friendly and
tractable. The Day after his Arrival, he went
to the Town of Refiska , about three Miles with¬
in Land, where he was friendly ufed, and well
entertained by the Alcaide ; and a young Noble-
Mucb caret- man, called Konde Amar Pattay , who prefented
fed there, him with an Ox, Goats, and fome young Kids:
'Kites to Re-
Wka.
Affuring him, that the King would be glad to 1591.
hear of the Arrival of a Ship belonging to Chrif- ^olds
tians (whom they called Blancos , that is,
Men) efpecially the Englijh.
The young Konde came thus every Day with
a fmall Company of Horfemen, to the Sea-fide,
feafiing the Author in a very courteous Manner :
And the fifth of December he came to view the
Ship with his Train, twho wonder’d much thereat,
as People who feldom had feen the like. Herald,
that his Meffenger was returned from the King,
who was rejoiced to hear, that the Englijh were come
with a Ship to trade in his Port > and that Air.
Rainolds being the firft of his Nation whoever
arrived there, he was the more welcome : Pro-
mifing, that whatever Englijhmen touched on
that Coaft for the future, fnould find good U-
fage and juft Dealings at their Hands. The
Konde farther on the King’s Behalf, and his own,
earneftly requefted Mr. Rainolds , that before he
left the Coaft, he would return again to his Road,
to confer with him, for the better confirming c.
Amity between them and the Englijh ; which he
agreed unto. This Nobleman was entertained
on board in a handfome Adanner, and ftioul
have had the Honour of the Ordnance on going
back to Shore, but that he defired the contrary ;
being amazed at the Sight of the Ship, and the
Noife of the Guns, which he greatly admired.
The thirteenth of December , at Night, they Porto d Al-
j weighed Anchor, and arrived the fourteenth
Day at the Road of Porto d' Ally, which is ano¬
ther Kingdom. The King thereof, called Amar
Malek , is Son to Malek Z amha, the other King,
and dwelleth a Day’s Journey and a half from,
the Port. When they had anchored, the King s
Governor (who was his near Relation^ with
all the Officers of the Town, came aboard to
receive the Duties for the Ship, and Licence to
traffic. They generally feemed very glad, that
e no Portugueze were on board, faying, that it wa*
the King’s Pleafure, they Ihould never bring a-
ny ; for" that he looked on them to be People of
no Truth : And complained of one Francifco de
Coda, Servant to Don Antonio, who, the laft
Year, and often before, had deluded their King,
Amar Malek, by promifing to bring him certain
Things out of England, which he never per- portuguort
formed ; and deemed that to be the Caufe of hiaFW.W
flaying behind this Voyage. They alfo to d him,*""
f that neither Spaniard nor Portugueze could abide
the Enylijh, but gave them a very bad Character,
and reported many Things to the great Dilho-
nour of the Country : That one Pedro Gonzalez -
a Portugueze, who came from Don Antonio in an
Enolijj ) Ship, called the Command, (belonging to
Rubard Kelley , of Dartmouth) had informed
them, that Rainolds and his People were fled out
of England ; and came away with Intent to rob
6 upon
5 44 Englijh Voyage s to the E a-
1591. upon his Coaft, and plunder both the Negros and
Rainnldr.i PortuSueze • That Thomas Dajfel had murdered
Franclfco de Cojia aboard the Ship, wherein he
was coming to their King, with great Prefents
from Don Antonio ; and that Gonzales defired the
Eng lift), and their Effe&s, might be feized as foon
To dejlroy as they arrived : But that they refufed to do fo,
the Englifh. as giving no Credit to his Report, having been
often abufed by the Lies and Inventions of thofe
People. They told him alfo, that their King
was forry for the former Murder and Captivity
of the Englijh % and would never yield to the
like again ; having had the Portuguese and Spani¬
ards in Deteftation ever fince, and conceived a
very good Opinion of England and its Inhabi¬
tants, notwithftanding the Slanders of their Ene¬
mies. Mr. Rainolds returned them Thanks for
the Favour, alluring them them, they fhould find
great Difference between the Integrity of the
EngliJ}) , and their Accufers. He then payed their
Duties ; and«4n Regard Porto d’ Ally was the chief
Place of Trade, he acquainted them, that he in¬
tended to wait on their King, with certain Pre¬
fents brought out of England. This the Factors
refolved on, both for the Honour of their own
Country, and augmenting the Friendfhip of the
Negros to them.
Joala. All this while Thomas Dajfel was, with the
great Pinnace, at the Town of Joala, in the
Country of King Jokoel Lanuokerik , trafficing
with the Spaniards and Portuguese. Pedro Gon- (
falves was there alfo with other Englijh Mer¬
chants, trading for Richard Kelly ; and becaufe
he could not compafs his mifchievous Defign a-
gainft Thomas Dajfel, and others, at Porto d’ Ally,
he attempted, with the Confent of the Portu-
Gonfalves's gueze, to feize Thomas Dajfel at this Town ; and
’had, with Bribes, feduced the chief Commanders
and Negros, to effeft his villainous Purpofe : But
the Affair having been difcovered to him, by Ri¬
chard Cape , an Englijhman, and Servant to the faid (
Kelly , to whon Gonfalves had difclofed his fecret
I reachery, Dajfel went forthwith aboard a fmall
Englijh Bark, called the Cherubin, of Lime ; and
there one John Payva, a Portuguese, and Ser¬
vant of Don Antonio, declared, that if he, and
one Garcia, a Portuguese , of the faid Town,
would have confented, Dajfel had been betrayed
long before.
fJS/Li S™. ,his DWar"i"g. Zbomas Dcffil having
gotten three Portuguese aboard, fent two on 1
Land, and, for his better Security, detained the
third, called Villa Nova ; telling the others, that
I T I N D I E s and’ G U I N E A *
if next Day, by eight o’Clock, they would bring \ raj,
Pedro Gonfalves aboard, he would releafe theirRainolds *
Companion: But they did not. Dajfel had In.*'"* Daffel.
telligence alfo, that certain Negros and Portu- -
guese were ridden Poll to Porto d'Ally, with In¬
tent to have Richard Rainolds, and his People
feized on Land : Wherefore, reflecting on thein-
conftant Temper of the Negros, and how wa¬
vering they are, when overcome with Liquor, he
thought the fureft Way to prevent any Attempts
) of the Portuguese in the Road of Porto A Ally
and (Lengthen his Colleagues, was to repair thi¬
ther ; as he accordingly did, the twenty -fourth
of December.
He was no fooner arrived, but he was inforrn-Confalm
ed from John Baily, his Servant (who with the^,wrf^
Goods was detained on Shore, by means of the
Portuguese) that above twenty Portuguese and
Spaniards , with Gonfalves, were come from Jo¬
ala by Land, to procure the Releafe of Villa
■ Nova. Hereupon a Conference being held for
two or three Days, wherein affifted the Com¬
manders, the Negros, with fome Spaniards and
Portuguese ; in the End, on due Examination
of the Matter, the Negros finding how vilely
Pedro Gonfalves had dealt, declared (he being-
then in their Power) that he fhould fuffer Death,
or be^ tortured, for an Example to others. But
the Englifj, requiting Good for Evil, fliewed
Mercy; defiring the Negros to ufe him better
than he delerved. Upon this the Commanders-
brought him aboard the Pinnace to Thomas Daf-
fel, to deal with him as he thought fit. At his
coming from the Shore, he was feverely buffeted
by the Spaniards, for the Liberty he gave his
Tongue againft certain Princes; and would have
been killed, if, to oblige the Englijh, he had not
been refeued.
rrnVHJhE f^r. Rainolds went on Shore with ConftJJnhh
Villa INova, Gonfalves confeffed to Dajfel, that^A*-
he did afk fome Negros and Portuguese, if he
might not feize him and his Goods at Land :
But that he did nothing but by Commiflion from
his King (by Letters which he received at Dart¬
mouth, by way of London ) who was incenfed that
the Englijh fhould prefume to traffic to Guinea ,
without a Servant of his b ; and further, that he
had Power or Authority from Francifco de Coda,
the Portuguese (who flayed behind in England)
to detain the Goods of Anthony Dajfel, in Guinea.
After this, for preventing farther Mal-prac-5M, back(0
tices, it was agreed by Mr. Francis Tucker, John* ngland.'
Browbeare , and the reft of the FaClors of Ri-
a the Previ°us Remarks. b It appears by this and other Paflages in this Tournal that
is ysflar*- «•« •' -33 » - “as*
chard
Cruizing Voyages of the English ft the Azores.
24 5
p592*
prrougli.
chard Kelly , with whom this Gonfalves came, a gros, fhould be ready to aid, fuccour, and defend 1592.
that he fhould remain aboard the Ship, and not
go any more on Land till they departed : So the
ninth of 'January he was delivered over to them
to go for England. All the Time he was on
board the Nightingale , he was ufed very kind
ly, l>y Mr. Rain-olds , much againft the Wills of ry that can be imagined.
them. And indeed there appeared more fincere Burrough.
Proofs of Love and Good-will towards them
from the Natives, than ever they fhould find ei¬
ther from Spaniards or Portugueze , even though
they had relieved them out of the greateft Mile-
hn'rfh 1 nd
jrtugueze
k't.
the Mariners, who could not abide fuch a wicked
Wretch; who was nourifhed and fupported in
their Country, and yet, by villainous Means,
fought their Deftrudion.
When the Spaniards and Portugueze , who
are great Diflemblers, perceived how King Atnar
MalePs Negros befriended the Englijlo , (as being
fenfible, that if they were injured, it would be
prejudicial to their Trade in divers Refpeds)
they difavowed the faid Pradices ; exclaiming a-
gainft the Author, and protefted to defend them
in all fuch Cafes, with the utmoft Integrity :
Defiring they would do as the King of the Ne
In the River of Senega , no Spaniard or Por- Trade of
tugueze ufe to trade; and only one Portugueze,^ paniards
called Ganigoga , dwelleth far within the River,
who was married to a King’s Daughter. In the
Towns of Porto d’ Ally and Joala , being the chief
for Trade, and in thofe of Kanton and Kaffm, in
the River of Gambra , many Spaniards and Por¬
tugueze refide, by Permiffion of the Negros ;
having a rich Trade there along the Coaft, efpe-^»</P°rtu-
cially to San Domingo and Rio Grande, not far 011 thli
diftant from the Gambra: Whither they tranf-
port the Iron, which they buy of the French and
Englijh , and exchange it for Negros, which are
gros had commanded them, and never bring a c always carried in Spanijh Bottoms. Alfo, by
Portugueze with them more ; [the King] ufing
this Phrafe, in Difdain of fuch [ Portugueze ] as
came out of England , Let your Portugueze be
Bars of Iron: For, in Truth, in regard of the
rich Trade, maintained by French and by Englijh
of late, they efteem more of one Bar of Iron,
than of twenty Portugueze which they fhould
bring out of England ; who, on their Arrival in
thofe Parts, by their fubtil underhand Tricks,
Order of the Governors and Renters of tho
Caftle del Mina , and other Places where Gold
is, upon the Coaft of Guinea , a Place is limited
how far they may go to trade within the River of
Gambra ; nor muft they proceed farther, on
Pain of lofing both their Goods and Life; For
the Renters themfelves, at certain Times, fend
their own Barks within the River to fuch Places
where they have great Store of Gold. Yet in all
prejudice the Englift b Intereft, and do great Hurt d the Coaft thereabouts, where the Englijh ufe to
\e Negros
Ij? fincere.
to every Party.
At the Beginning of thefe Broils, the King,
Amar Malek , had fent his chief Secretary and
three Horfes for Mr. Rainolds ; but he declined
going, by reafon of the Hurly-burly, although
he might have had Negros of Account for Pledg¬
es aboard : However he fent the Prefents to the
King ; who fo foon as he underftood the Caufe
why the Author came not, being forry and of-
trade, neither Spaniards nor Portugueze have any
Fort, Caftle, or Place of Strength, but only
trade by the fa fe Condud and Permiffion of the
Negros. Befides, moft of thofe who refide in The werjl cf
thefe Places, are banifhed Men, or Fugitives AAfcrtanu,*
on account of having committed moft heinous
Crimes, and inceftuous Ads, at home. Their
Life and Converfation here, was agreeable to
their former Pradices ; and Mr. Rainolds de¬
fended, commanded, by Proclamation, that no e dares, they were Men of the bafeft Behaviour,
Injury ’fhould be offered to the Englijh in his Do- that he and the reft of the Englijh , had ever feea
minions, either by his own People, the Spaniards of thefe Nations in any other Country,
or Portugueze ; and that his Subjects, the Ne-
C H A P. XVIII.
A Cruizing Voyage to the Azores, in 1592 a. by Sir John Burrough, Knight, in-
order to intercept the Ea(V India Caraks.
The
SEC
Fleet and Officers.
T. I.
Wind -bound for three
Months , lofes the Seafon for the Voyage , yet pro¬
ceeds. Being difperfed by a Storm , the Defign
if changed. 'The Santa Clara taken by Sir John
Burrough. He is enclofed by the Spanifh Fleet ,
» Hakluyt, vol. 2. part 2. p. 194. This feems to have been written by Sir Walter Ralegh.
and efcapes through them. Sails- to the Azores’
in quejl of the Caraks. Meets and takes one
near Flores. Gets Intelligence of four more.
SI R Walter Ralegh , having received a Com- Fleet pre-
miffion from her Majefty, for an Expedition Pare^
to be performed to the IVejl Indies , made all the
neccffary.
246 Cruizing Voyages of the
1592. neceffary Preparations. His Ships, were in Num- a
Burrough. ber fourteen or fifteen, among which there
were two of the Queen’s, viz. the Garland and
the Forefight ; the reft were either his own, or
his Friends, Adventurers of London. His Officers
were like himfelf, brave experienced Command¬
ers. For his Lieutenant General, was appointed
Sir ‘John Burrough ; with whom (after Sir Walter
returned) was joined in Commiffion, Six Martin
Frobijher. The Men were chofen for the Pur-
pofe, being fuch as had formerly given Proof of b
their Valour, in divers Services of the like Na¬
ture.
Wind bound With thefe Ships thus manned. Sir Walter
f>r thee Ralegh departed in the Garland , toward the Weft
Country, to take in l'uch farther Neceffaries as
the Voyage required. Where he was fo long Wind
bound, that the proper Seal'on for his Expectation
being paft, and his Victuals confirmed, which
caufed a Diffatisfaction among the Men, the
Queen fent her Letters torecal him; with Orders, c
to leave the Condudl of the Fleet to Sir John Bur¬
roughs and Sir Martin Frobijher. Thefe Letters
were delivered to Sir Martin , vrho met Sir Walter
. on the feventh of May , which was the Day
after he had put to Sea. But Sir Walter judging,
that he could neither fave his Reputation, nor
content his Friends, who had put in great Sums,
without proceeding in the Voyage, conftrued the
Queen’s Letters, as if it had been left to his
Proceeds on Choice, either to ftay or proceed. d
the Voyage. Wherefore, continuing his Courfe, he met
within a Day or two, with fome Ships from Spain',
in one of which (belonging to Monfieur Gourdon ,
Governor of Calais) there happened to be
M. Nevel Davies , an Englijhman , who endured
a miferable Captivity of twelve Years, in the In-
quifition. By this Man, Sir Walter was inform¬
ed, that no Good was to be done that Year in the
Wejl Indies-, in regard, the King of Spain had
fent exprefs Order to all the Ports, that no Ship e
fnould ftir from thence, nor anyTreafure be laid
Difrcrfed aboard. For all this the General was not divert-
a Storm. ed from his Enterprize ; till a Tempeft, that hap¬
pened near Cape FiniJler, on the eleventh of
May, having fcattered his Fleet, and funk the
Boats and Pinnaces, he began to think of giving
over the Defign, which was againft Panama , and
wait for the Eajl and Wejl India Fleets. This
was now all his Chance ; and becaufe he knew
there was a Fleet appointed to watch his Motions, f
and conduit thofe Ships from the Azores, into
T»e Defign Spain, he gave Directions to Sir John Burrough ,
changed. and Sir M. Frobijher, to divide the Fleet in two
Parts ; Sir Martin with the Garland, Captain
George Gifford, Captain Henry Thin, Captain
Grenvile, and others, to lie off’ the South Cape,
thereby to amufe the Spanijb Fleet, and to keep
them on their own Coaft; while Sir John Bur-
English to the Azores.
rough. Captain Robert Crofs , Captain Tomfon , 1592
and others, fhould ply at the Ifiands for the Ca- Bun-0115:
raks, or Wejl India Ships. This Difpofition had'—
the defired Effeil : For the King of Spain s
Admiral receiving Intelligence, that the Englijh
Fleet was upon the Coaft, attended to defend the
South Parts of Spain, and be at hand to prevent
Sir Martin Frobijher’s Defign.
Before the Fleet divided, they met with a The Sant
great Bifcain on the Spanijh Coaft, called Santa clava ,ak
Clara , a Ship of fix hundred Tons. The Noife
of the Artillery on both Sides being heard, im¬
mediately they drew to their Fleet; where, after
a pretty hot Fight, the Ship was entered and
taken. It was freighted with all Sorts of fmall
Iron-work, as Horfhoes, Nails, Plough-fhares,
Iron Bars, Spikes, Bolts, and Locks, Gimbols,
and fuch like, valued by the Englijh at fix or
feven thoufand Pounds ; but v/orth to them treble
the Value. This Bifcain was failing towards St.
Lucar, there to take in fome farther Provifion for
the Wejl Indies. She wasfirft rummaged, and then
fent for England ; after which, the Fleet coafting
along towards Cape St. Vincent, about the Rock
near Lisbon , Sir John Burrough, in the Roebuck,
fpied a Sail afar off, and gave her Chace. This
was a Fly-boat, and being a good Sailer, drew
him far Southward before he could fetch him;
but at laft file came under his Lee, and ftruck.
The Mafter coming aboard, confefled that the The Spar
King had prepared a great Fleet in St. Lucar and^*
Cadiz, for the Wejl Indies. This was the cur¬
rent Report in Spain: But the true Reafon was,
to oppofe this Fleet of Sir Walter Ralegh's, which
he was informed, was defigned for the Wejl Indies.
Indeed the firft Defign of that Armada was, to
convoy home the Eajl Indian Caraks, which
were hourly expeiled, as before-mentioned : But
perfuading himfelf, that if Sir Walter’s Fleet failed
for the Wejl Indies, then the Ifiands fhould have
none to infeft them but fome fmall Men of War,
which the Caraks of themfelves would be able to
deal with, he ordered Don Alonfo de Baffan, Bro¬
ther to the Marquefs of Santa Cruz, and Gene¬
ral of his Armada, to purfue and attack Sir Wal¬
ter, what Courfe foever he held. That this was Sir John
Facf, foon appeared ; for as Sir John Burrough, Burrough
after taking the Fly-boat, failed back towards the Ja^‘s tk’
reft of his Company, he difeovered the Spanijh
Fleet to Seaward, which immediately fpread them¬
felves to intercept his Paffage : But Sir John be¬
ing a good Sailer, made his Way through, and
fo efcaped molt imminent Danger.
Having thus baffled their Defign, and co n- Sails to;
eluding it in vain to expedl to meet with SirAzore5,
Martin Frobijher on that Coaft, which was fo
well guarded, he began to fhape his Courfe to the
Azores, according to Sir Walter' s Direction ; and
coming in Sight of St. Michael, ran fo near Villa
Franca ,
1 15 92-
Kurrough.^
I rrives at
lores.
■fats a
I srak.
forfah.cn
I' the Por-
I'gueze,
\ni taken.
Cruizing Voyages of the
Franca , that he could eafily difcern the Ships ly- a
ing there at Anchor. He intercepted divers fmall
Caravels, both here and between St. Georges and
the Pike ; but could procure little Intelligence
from them.
Arriving at Flores on Sunday the twenty-
fir ft of June , towards Evening, he went towards
Shore with his Boat; accompanied only with Cap¬
tain Caufield , and the Mafter of his Ship, the
reft not being yet arrived. At his Approach, he
found the People of the Village of Santa Cruz in b
Arms, ready to oppofe his Landing. Sir John ,
having no Defign to plunder the Place, caufed a
white Flag to be difplayed, which the Townfolks
anfwered with another. Whereupon enfued In-
tercourfes of good Friendfhip ; and Pledges were
taken on both Sides ; the Captain of the Town
for them, and Captain Caufield for the Englifh ,
who were fupplied with Water, Provifions, and
whatever the Place afforded, with Liberty to re-
frefh themfelves onShore, whenever they pleafed. c
Here Sir John was informed, that they ex-
petted no Fleet from the Weft ; but that three
Days before his Arrival, an Eajl India Carak was
palled by for Lisbon ; and that there were four
more behind. On this New^s he prefently em¬
barked, having only in Company a fmall Bark of
threefcore Tons, belonging to one M. Hopkins of
Brifiol. He quickly difcovered one of the Ca-
raks ; and the fame Evening, defcried two or
three of the Earl of Cumberland’s Ships, (where- d
of one M. Norton was Captain) which having in
like Sort kenned the Carak, purfued her towards
the Illands : But on no Side was there any Way
made, by Reafon of a great Calm ; infomuch,
that to difcover what Ihe was, Sir John took his
Boat, and rowed three Miles, to make her ex¬
actly. Being returned, he prepared to board her
next Morning : But a violent Storm, which arofe
in the Night, forced them all to weigh Anchors.
Yet their Care was fuch, to watch the Carak, e
that in the Morning, the Tempeft being allayed,
they perceived her very near the Lana, and the
Portugueze in Confufion, carrying on Shore fuch
Things as they could : But feeing the Hafte the
Englifh made to come upon them, they fet her on
Fire, and then forfook her, to the Number of four
hundred Men; and intrenched themfelves onShore,
within Mulket-lhot of the Ship, in order to keep
the Englifh off-, till Ihe was all confumed.
This being obferved by Sir John Burroughs f
he landed one hundred of his Men, (many of
whom fwam, and waded more than Breaft high
to Shore) : Thefe having eafily fcattered thofe who
prefented themfelves to guard the Coaft, marched
towards the Trenches ; from whence the Jtnemy
immediately fled, leaving as much as the Fire had
fpaied, to reward the Victors. Among thofe
3
English to the Azores;
247
taken, there was one Vincent Fonfeca , a Portu- 1 592.
gueze, Purfer of the Carak, with two others: Bumwgh.
One an Almaine , [or German ] the other a Lgw'—'~*~~
Dutchman , Cannoniers; who refufing to anfwer
any Queftions, were threatened with theTorture :
For Fear of which, they at laft difcovered, that
within fifteen Days, three greater Caraks would 0f
arrive at the fame Bland ; that five in all left Goa,fur more,
to wit, the Buen Jefus , Admiral ; the Madre de
Dios , the St. Bernardo , the St. Chrijlophoro , and
the St. Cruz , (then taken) ; that they had re¬
ceived exprefs Orders, not to touch in any Cafe
at the Bland of St. Helena , where the Caraks, in
their Return from the Eajl Indies , were always,
till now, accuftomed to refrefh themfelves with
Water and Vi&uals: Becaufe the King was in¬
formed, the Englifh Men of War lay there in
wait to intercept them ; that therefore, in cafe of
Necefiity, they fhould put into Angola ; but ftay
there no longer than while they took in Water, •
to avoid the Infections that hot Climate is fubjeCP
to ; and that their laft Place of Rendezvous was
to be Flores , where the King allured them, they
fhould not mifs of his Armada, fent thither on
Purpofe for their Convoy to Lisbon .
SECT. IL
Sir John lies in Wait for the other Caraks. Meets
the Madre de Dios. Boards , but quits her to
flop a Leak. Boards her again. She is taken
by Sir Robert Crofs. Grievous Havock. Men¬
doza, the Captain , his ill Fortune. He is dif-
miffcd with many others. Light obtained , by this
Capture , into the Eaft India Trade. Account of
the Cargo , and its Value. Dimenfions of the
Ship.
UPON this Information, Sir John called a -rhey ue ;n
Council of Officers, among whom were wait for
the Captains Norton , Dounton , and Abraham Cocke , thm'
of the Earl of Cumberland’s Fleet ; M. Tomfon of
Harwich , Captain of the Dainty of Sir John
Hawkins, one of Sir Walter Ralegh’s Fleet ; and
M. Chrijhpher Newport , Captain of the Golden
Dragon, newly returned from the Weft Indies.
This Intelligence having been communicated to
the Afliftants, and the Attempt to take the other
Caraks, heartily recommended by Sir John, they
all agreed to the Propofal; as did Sir Robert Crofsy
who next Day joined them with the Fore fight.
Immediately departing thence, fix or feven
Leagues to the Weft of Flores, they fpread them¬
felves from North to the South, each Ship two
Leagues at the lead diftant from another : By
which Means, they were able to difcover the
Space of two whole Degrees at Sea.
In this fort, they lay from the twenty-ninth
of June , to the third of Augufi ; at what Time,
J Captain*
248
i 592-
Burrough
Meet the
Madi e dc
Dio;,
•B dar,{ t and
quit her.
Bearded
again and
taken.
Grievous
Havcck.
Cruizing VoVAdEs of the
Captain Tomfon in the Dainty , had Sight of the
huge Carak, called the Madrc de Dios a, one of
the greateft Bulk belonging to the Crown of Por¬
tugal.^ I he Dainty being an excellent Sailer, got
the Start of the reft, and began the ConfhCI
fome what to her Coft, with the Slaughter and
Hurt of divers of her Men. A while after, Sir
John Burrough in the Roebuck , of Sir Walter Ra-
legl/S) came up to fecond her ; and continued
the Fight within Mufkct-fliot, aftifted by Captain
Tomfon,' and Captain Newport : 'Fill Sir Robert
■ Crofs , Vice-Admiral of the Fleet, who lay to Lee¬
ward, advancing, Sir 'John afked his Advice,
what waS beft to be done? He anfwered, that if
the Carak was not boarded quickly, (he would
recover the Shore, and fire herfelf as the other
had done. Whereupon Sir John , and Sir Robert
Crofs, grappled her at the fame Time: But after
a while, Sir John receiving a Shot under Water,
and ready to fink, defired Sir Robert to fall
oft, that he might alfo clear himfelf, and fave
his Ship ; which was as much as either of them
could do, they were fo entangled.
The fame Evening, Sir Robert Crofs finding
the Carak draw near the Ifland, peri'uaded his
Company to board her again, or elfe there was no
Hopes of taking her. After many Excufes and
hears, being at laft by him encouraged, they fell
thwart her Fore-fhips all alone, and To hindered
her Sailing, that the reft had Time to come up (
to his Succour; yet the Carak recovered the
Land : But after he had fought with her fingle,
three Hours, towards Evening, my Lord Cumber¬
land'^ two Ships came up, and with very little
Lofs, entered with Sir Robert Crofs ; who had
by that Time broken their Courage, and made
the Aflault eafy for the reft.
The General having difarmed th tPortugueze,
and flowed them for better Security on all Sides,
viewed the vaft Bulk of this Carak ; which did e
then, and may ftill, juftly provoke the Admira¬
tion of all who had not feenthe like before. But
his Attention was diverted by the difmal Sight of
many Bodies flain and difmembered ; or torn in a
deplorable Manner, with the Violence of the
Shot, and groaning through the Anguifh of their
Wounds. In fhort, the Decks were covered with
Blood and Limbs ; but efpecially about the Helm :
Tor the Steerage requiring no fewer than twelve
or fourteen Men at once, and fome of the Ships f
raking her at the Stern with their Ordnance,
oftentimes, one Shot, flew four or five of them.
Whereupon the General, moved withCommife-
ration, lent his own Surgeons to attend the
Engl'is h to the Azores.
a Wounded, denying them no Relief that was iri ‘tggi
his^ Power. fen-oug
The Commander of the Carak, was Don' - v-
"Fernando de Mendoza , defeended of the Houfe of^°’>doza
Mendoza in Spain ; but being married in Portugal uck‘
lived there. Fhis Gentleman was much in
ears, well fpoken, of comely Perfonage, and
good Stature, but hard Fortune. In his feveral
Services againft the Moors , he was twice taken
b Prifoner, and both Times ranfomed by the King.
In his Return rrom the Eajl Indies , in a former
Voyage, he was driven upon the Sands of Juda ,
near the Coaft of Sofala , being then alfo Captain
of a Carak, which was there loft; and though
he efcaped the Sea himfelf, yet he fell into the
Hands of Infidels On Shore, who kept him under
long and grievous Servitude. The King ftill pre-
ferving a Regard for the Man, and defirous to
better his Condition, was content to let him try
c his Fortune once more in this Eafterly Naviga¬
tion, committing to him the Conduit of this
Carak ; wherein, he went from Lisbon , General
of the whole Fleet : And in that Degree had re¬
turned ; but that the late Vice-Roy of Goa, who
had embarked for Portugal , in the Bon Jefus , by
Reafon of his late Office, was preferred. Sir
John pitying the Misfortunes of Mendoza , at
length refolved to fet him at Liberty, with moft
of his People, putting them on board certain
1 Veflels, furnifhed with all Kinds of neceflary Pro-
vifions for the Purpofe.
After this, the General, (to prevent the un- Light im
profitable Spoil and Pillage, whereunto he faw the^-’ iftdia
Minds of many inclined) feized upon the Whole TrMkm
for the Queen’s Ufe ; and then taking a View of
the Cargo, upon a flender Infpe&ion, perceived,
that the Wealth of the Prize would fully anfwer
Expectation, and be more than fu flic ient to content
both the Adventurers Defire, and the Soldiers Fa-
: tigue. Here the Author obferves> that by this
Ship falling into the Hands of the Englijh, they
had difeovered that fecret Trade and IndianWe alth,
which hitherto lay ftrangely hidden, and cunning¬
ly concealed from them ; and that the fmall and
imperfeCl Glimpfe [of that Trade] which only
fome few of them had a View of before, was
now turned into the broad Light of full and per-
feCI Knowledge b.
The Carak being, according to Eftimation, Recount of
no lets than one thouland fix hundred Tons, \\z^^ke Caigo,
full nine hundred of thofe flowed with Mer¬
chandize : The reft of the Tonnage bein^ allow¬
ed partly to the Ordnance, which were thirty-
two Pieces of Brafs, of all Sorts ; partly to the Paf-
* 1 ^at *s’ Jfe fothtr of God: Yet this moft blafphemous Name did not fave her fas thofe ftnm'd
ptded it would, when they chriftened her) from the Hands of Heretics. t> There is a Remark hJf C f
the fame Kind, on the like Occafion, and probably by the fame Author See t 100 » r n °f
t»res the EngU/t Eafi Uiu Voyages Teem chiefly to have taken their Rife. *’ - A"d fran tap'
<2 fengers,
Cruizing Voyages of the English to the Azores. 240
1492. fengers, and Vi&uals; which could not be any
White, fmall Quantity, confidering there were betwixt
— V— 'fix and feven hundred Perfons on board, and the
Length of the Navigation. According to the
Catalogue of the Commodities, taken at Leaden-
hall , the fifteenth of September , 1592, the prin¬
cipal Wares, after the Jewels, (which were no
Doubt of great Value, though they never came
to Light) confiftea of Spices, Drugs, Silks, Ca¬
licoes, Quilts, Carpets, and Colours, &c. i.fThe
Spices were Pepper, Cloves, Maces, Nutmegs,
Cinnamon, Green Ginger. 2. The Drugs; Ben¬
jamin, Frankincenfe, Galingale, Mirabolans, A-
loes Zocotrina, Camphire. 3. The Silks ; Da-
ma&s, Taffatas, Sarcenets, Altobaflos, (that is,
counterfeit Cloth of Gold) unwrought China Silk,
Sieaved Silk, white twifted Silk, curled Cyprefs.
4. The Calicos were, Book Calicos, Calico-
Lawns, broad white Calicos, fine ftarched Ca¬
licos, coarfe white Calicos, brown broad Calicos,
brown coarfe Calicos. 5. There were alfo Ca¬
nopies, and coarfe Diaper Towels; Quilts of coarfe
Sarcenet, and of Calico ; Carpets like thofe of
Turky : Whereunto are to be added, the Pearl,
Mufk, Civet, and Ambergriece.
The reft of the Wares were many in Num¬
ber, but lefs in Value: As, Elephants Teeth, Por¬
celain Vefiels of China , Coco-Nuts, Hides, Ebon
Wood, as black as Jet, Bedfteads of the fame ;
Cloth of the Rinds of Trees, furprifing both on
Account of the Matter, and artificial Workman-
(hip. All thefe Commodities being valued by
Men of Judgment, at a reafonable Rate, amount¬
ed to no lefs than one hundred and fifty thoufand
Pound Sterling ; which being divided among the
Adventurers, (whereof her Majeftv was the chief) 1 592,
was fufiicient to content all Parties. White.
The Cargo being taken out, and the Goods
freighted in ten of the Ships, the Carak was fent ffsf.
for London ; to the End, that the Dimenfions
thereof might be exactly taken, both for the Sa¬
tisfaction of Pofteritv, as well as the prefent Age.
This was done by Mr. Robert Adams, who made
a moft particular and judicious Defcription of it.
He found the Length from the Beak to the Stern,
(where was eredted a Lanthorn) one hundred and
lixty-five Foot. The Breadth in the fecond clofe
Deck, (whereof fhe had three) where (he was
broadeft, forty-fix Foot and ten Inches. She
drew in Water thirty-one Foot at her Departure
from Kochin in India ; but not above twenty-fix
at her Arrival in Dartmouth , being lightened in
her Voyage by divers Means, fome five Foot.
She carried in Height feven feveral Stories, one
main Orlop, three clofe Decks, one Forecaftle,
and a Spar-deck, of two Floors a-piece. The
Length of the Keel was one hundred Foot ; and
of the Main-maft one hundred and twenty-one
Foot ; whofe Circumference at the Partners, was
ten Foot feven Inches. The Main-yard was one
hundred and fix Foot long : By which perfeCl
Commenfuration of the Parts, appeareth the
Hugenefs of the Whole, far beyond the Mould
of the biggeft Shipping ufed among us, either for
War or Trade.
Don Alonfo de Baffan, for fuffering thefe two
Caraks to be fo loft, (the Santa Cruz being burnt,
and the Madre de Dios taken) was difgraced by
his Prince for his Negligence.
CHAP. XIX.
1*1(00 remarkable Sea-Fights, one in 159^* wherein two Aflogue Ships wet e taken ;
the other in 1593, whc?i a large Eaft India Carak was owned.
SECT. I.
The Taking of two Spanifh Ships, laden with £htick-
ftlver a, and the Pope's Bulls , for the Weft
Indies, by Captain Thomas White, 1592.
Tin Captain meets with two Ships. Boards the
biggeji. Both yield. Rich Prizes : Their -Value.
A Cargo of Bulls.
14 ietswiib rf\ H E twenty-fixth of July, 1592, Mr. White
wo Ship, returning from Barbary , in the Amity of
London , in the Height of thirty-fix Degrees, at
four in the Morning, had Sight of two Ships,
about three or four Leagues diftant. By feven of
the Clock he fetched up, and came within Gun-
Ihotof them; whofe Bold nefs in difplaying the King
of Spain's Arms, made him judge them rather Ships
of War, than laden with Merchandize: And in¬
deed, by their own Confeffions afterwards, they
were fo fure to have taken him, that they had
debated among themfelves, whether it tvas better
to carry the Ship to St. Lucar, or Lisbon. Hav¬
ing waved each other amain, the Spaniards placed
themfelves in Order of Battle, one a Cable’s
Length before the other ; and then the Fight be¬
gan, both Parties continuing to charge and dis¬
charge as faft as they were able, for the Space of
five Hours, at the Diftance of a Cable’s Length
1 Thefe are what they call the Azogue, or Affogue Ships ; AJfogue, fignifying Quickfilver.
A 01, l, N® 11. K k
at
250 Cruizing Voyages of the
1592. at mod:. During this Interval, th z Amity re-
White. ceived in her Hull, Mads, and Sails, thirty-two
"V"*— * great Shot ; befides at lead: five hundred from
Mulkets and Ilarquebufles, which were reckoned
after the Fight.
Board the Mr. TV H I TE, finding them fo dout, at-
biaefi' tempted to board the Bifcaine , which was fore-
mod. After lying aboard about an Hour, and
plying his Ordnance and fmallShot, at length he
dowed all her Men. The other, in the Fly¬
boat, thinking he had entered his Men in their
Fellow, bear room with him ; with Intent to
have laid him aboard, and fo entrapped him be¬
twixt them both. He perceiving the Drift, fitted
his Ordnance in fuch Sort, as to get quit of her,
fo that flae boarded her Companion : By which
Means, the both fell from him. Hereupon Mr.
White kept his Loof, hoided his Top-fails, and
weathering them, came clofe aboard the Fly¬
boat, with his Ordnance prepared, and gave her
a whole Broad-fide ; whereby feveral of the Men
were (lain, as appeared by the Blood which ran
‘Th’v loth out at the Scupper-holes. After this, he tacked
Jte‘d. about, and new charging all his Ordnance, came
upon the Ships again, and ordered them to yield,
threatening otherwife to fink them. One of them,
which was foot between Wind and Water, would
have complied, but the other called him Traitor :
Upon which Mr. White told him, that if he
would not yield prefently alfo, he would fink him
firft. Not being willing to try the Experiment,
they prefently put out a white Flag and yielded ;
yet refufed to ftrike their own Sails, having been
fworn never to ftrike to any Englijhman.
He then commanded their Captains and Ma¬
ilers to come aboard, where they were examined
by him ; and then flowing them, he fent fome
of his own Men aboard their Ships to flrike their
Sails, and man them. They found in both one
hundred and twenty-fix Perfons living, and eight
dead Bodies, befides thofe which had been call:
over-board. This Vi&ory was obtained by forty-
two Men, and a Boy ; whereof two were killed,
Bizh Prizes,^ d three wounded. The two Prizes were laden
with fourteen hundred Chefts of Quickfilver,
with the Arms of Cajiile and Leon faftened upon
them ; befides a great Quantity of Bulls, or In¬
dulgences, and ten Packs of gilded Millais, and
Breviaries, fent on the King’s Account : Alfo an
hundred Tuns of excellent Wines, defigned for
his Fleets ; all which the Englijh brought Ihortly
after into the River of Thames , up to Blackwall.
Cargo of Bv the taking of this Quickfilver, the King of
Bulls. ‘ Spain loft, for every Quintal of the fame, a Quin¬
tal of Silver, that Ihould have been delivered him
, n g l I s h to the Azores.
by the Mailers of the Mines, [in Peru ;] which a- t ^9^
mounteth to fix hundred thoafand Pounds ; and Downturn
the two Millions, and feventy-tv/o thoufand Bulls '“""V—
for living and dead Perfons, (defigned for the Pro¬
vinces of Neva Hifpania , Jucatan , Guatimala ,
the Hunduras, and the Philippines ) taxed at two
Rials the Piece, befides eighteen thoufand Bulls
at four Rials, amounted in all to one hundred
and feven thoufand, feven hundred Pounds. So
that the total Lofs, to the King of Spain, was
feven hundred and feven thoufand, feven hundred
Pounds ; not reckoning the Lofs and Difappoint-
ment fuflained on Account of the Mals-books
and the Wine.
SECT. II.
The firing and finking of a great Carak , called
Las Cinque Llaguas ; or , The five Wounds3.
Written by Captain Nicholas Downton b.
Four Portugueze Prizes taken. IJland of St. Mi¬
chael. They meet a huge Carak . Board her un¬
luckily. The Men difeouraged. She takes Fire,
and endangers the Englilh Ships. The Portu¬
gueze leap over-board. Two Perfons of Note
faved. Reports of the Sailors. The Carak blows
up. Another attacked , but quitted.
HE latter End of the Year 1593, the Fleet fas «<
right honourable the Earl of Cumberland , at
the Charges of himfelf and Friends, prepared
three Ships of equal Rate, each accommodated
with the fame “Quantity of Victuals, and Num¬
ber of Aden ; there being in all four hundred and
twenty of all Sorts. The Royal Exchange went
as Admiral, George Cave , Captain ; the May -
floiver , Vice-Admiral, under the ConduCl of IVil -
Ham Anthony ; and the Sampfon , commanded by
the Author, Nicholas Downton. Their Directions
were fent them to Plymouth , and were to be open¬
ed at Sea.
The fir fl of April , 1594, they fet Sail from
the Sound, fleering their Courfe towards the
Coall of Spain. The twenty-fourth, at the Ad¬
miral’s Direction, they divided themfelves Eaft
and Weft from each other, being then in the
Height of forty-three Degrees, with Orders at
Night to come together again.
The twenty- feventh, in the Morning, the Portuguese
May-flower and little Pinnace took a Prize, bound Prizes,
from Vi ana in Portugal , for Angola in Africa.
This Bark, containing twenty-eight Tons, had
feventeen Perfons on board. There were in her
twelve Butts of Galicia Wine, fome Rufk in
Chefts and Barrels, with five Butts of blue coarfe
a One would imagine, that fuch Names as the Five Wounds, the Mother of God, See. were given to the Ships
not by fincere Chriftians, but by Mohammedans, or Arians, to ridicule the Dodtrine of the Trinity. b This feCms
to be the fame Gentleman, who was afterwards employed by the Eafi India Company in their fixth Voyage.
Cloth,
Cruizing Voyages of the
j rqjL, Cloth j befides other coarfe Linen for Negros
Dov.ntcn. Shirts: Which Goods were equally divided among
the Fleet. The fourth of May, the Sampfon had
Sight of the Pinnace, and the Admiral’s Shallop,
which had taken three Portugueze Caravels, where¬
of they had fent two away, and kept the third.
St. Michael’ j The fecond of June , they had Sight of St.
English to the Azores.
251
ljhnd
Michael: And next Morning, fent their fmall
Pinnace, which was of twenty-four 1 ons, with
the fmall Caravel, taken at the Bur lings , to range
the Iflands, and lee if any 1 hing was to be got- b
ten ; appointing them to meet Weft South-VY eft,
twelve Leagues from Fayal : But their going was
to no Purpofe. They milled coming at the d ime
appointed ; and the Ships miffed them, when they
had moft Need of them.
Meet a huge The thirteenth, they met with a mighty Ca-
Ctrah. ra]c from the Eajl Indies , called Las Cinque Lla-
guas ; or, The five JVounds . T he May-fiower was
in Fight with her before Night. The Sampfon
having fetched her up in the Evening, the Cap- c
tain commanded to give her a Broad-fide : But
while he flood very heedfully prying to difeover
her Strength, and a proper Place to board her in
the Night, when the Admiral came up, at the
very firft Difcharge fhe made, he was fhot a
little above the Belly, which rendered him un-
ferviceable for a good while after : Yet by Means
of one Captain Grant , an honeft, true-hearted
Man, whom he had with him, nothing^ was
negledled : So that the May-fiower and the Samp- 1
fon never gave over, plying her by d urns with
their Ordnance, till Midnight, when the Ad¬
miral joined them. It was intended then to have
entered her ; but Captain Cave defired it might
be deferred till Morning, at what Time each Ship
fhould give her three Broad-fides, and then clap
her aboard: Yet, when Morning came, by one
Delay or other, it was ten o’Clock before they
attempted it.
The Admiral laid her aboard in the Mid-lhip ;
and the May-fiower advancing in the Quarter, to
lie at the Admiral’s Stern, on the Larboard-fide,
the Captain was flain at the firft coming up :
Whereby the Ship fell to the Stern of the Out-
licar of the Carak, which (being a Piece of Tim¬
ber) fo damaged her Fore-fail, that they faid fhe
could come no more to Fight : However it was,
it is certain they did not, but kept a-loof. The
Sampfon boarded her on the Bow ; but not having
_ l 1 _ lot. nn Rvrhsincre 9.
Captain GRANT led thzSampfon’s Men 1594.
on the Carak’s Side ; but his Forces being fmall, Downm
and not manfully backed by the Exchange’s Crew,
it made the Enemy bolder than they would ha ^couragej,
been ; infomuch, that fix Men were prefently flam,
and many more hurt : Whereupon the reft re¬
turned aboard, and could never be prevailed on
afterwards to give the Aflault. Some of the Ex¬
change’s Men did very well, and many more (no
Doubt) would have followed their Example, if
there had been any principal Man, who would
have pufhed them forward ; and brought all the
Company to the Fight, inftead of running into
Corners "to keep themfelves out of Harm’s VI ay.
But Captain Dcwnton acknowledges, that their
Ship was as wTell provided for Defence, as anp
that he had ever feen ; and the Portuguese , en¬
couraged perhaps by the flack Working of the
Englijh , placed their Men, and had Barricados
made, where they might ftand out of Danger of
the Shot. They alfo annoyed the Company very
much with [Wild] hire, fo that moft of them were
burnt in fome Part or other ; and all the while
they were putting out the Fire, the Enemy were
plying them with fmall Shot, or Darts. This
unufual cafting of Fire did much difmay many of
the Men, and was the Occafion of their drawing
b^cki
The Ships not having Men to enter, plied Sktiia
her with their Ordnance, as high up as they
1 could be mounted ; for otherwife they could do
her little Harm: At length, the Sampfon , by
fhooting a Piece out of the Fore-caftle, being
clofe by her, fired a Mat on her Beak-head j and
the Flame more and more increafing, ran from
JStarA her
unluckily.
thence to the Mat on the Bow-fprit ; and from
the Mat up to the Wood of the Bow-fprit, and
thence to the Top-fail Yard : Which Fire made
^j-)g Rortugueze , who were abaft, inclinable to
yield ; but they, who had the Charge before, en¬
couraged them, pretending, that it might eafily
be extinguifhed : Whereupon again they Food
ftiffiy to" their Defence ; but prefently the tire
grew fo ftrong, that the Author faw it beyond all
Help, although fhe had been already yielded to
them. Then the Sampfon’ s Men defired to be oft
from her, but had little Hope to obtain their De¬
fire j neverthelefs, they plied Water very much
to keep their own Ship well. .
The Danger was fo great, that Captain Down-ffifi EngL.L
] them that the Shin. SJ“E
Sampfon boarded her on the now ; duc not living X 1 .u- i r th™ that the Shin ,n
Room enough diverTlfurt Men, would have ended' ^
Bow, and her Bow on the Carak’s Bow. d he
Exchange alfo, at the firft Onfet, had her Cap¬
tain
Mr. Cave , fhot in both the Legs, one
whereof he never recovered ; and, for that Time,
was not able to do his Office : Nor had he any,
who would undertake to lead out his Company,
to enter upon the Enemy.
himfelf, and divers hurt Men, would have ended
there with the Carak ; but moft of the People
might have faved themfelves in Boats. But 'when
his Apprehenfions were greateft, fhe di fen gaged
herfelf, by the burning of the Sprit-fail V ard,
with the Ropes and Sail, and the Ropes about the
Sprit- fail Yard of the Carak, wherewith fhe was
” K k 2 taft
Perfons of
Note Juved,
Reports of
the Sailors,
Engiijh Voyages
faft entangled. "The Exchange alfo being farther
from the Fire, was afterward more eafily cleared,
and fell off from behind. As foon as the Eng/ifJ)
Ships were out of Danger, the Fire got into the
fore-caftje of theCarak; where, catching hold
of Benjamin, and fuch like combuftible Mat¬
ter that lay there, it flamed out, and ran over all
the Veftel in an Inftant.
The Portuguese leaping over-board in great
Numbers, the Author fent Captain Grant, with
the Boat, to ufe his Difcretion infavingof them.
He brought aboard two Gentlemen, one an old
Man, called Nuno Velio Pereira a, who had been
Governor of Mozamhik , and Sofa/a, in the Year
1582 ; and afterwards of another Place of Im¬
portance, in the Eajl Indies. The Ship, where¬
in he was returning home, having been caft away
a little to the Eaft of the Cape of Good Hope , he
travelled over Land to Mozatnbik. The other,
called Bras Carrero , was Captain of a Carak,
which was caft away near Mozamhik, from whence
both came, in this Carak, as Pafiengers. Three
Men, of the inferior Sort, were likewife faved ;
only thefe two they clothed and brought into Eng¬
land : The reft, who were taken up by the other
Ship Boats, were fet on Shore in the IJle of Flores j
except two or three Negros, whereof one was
born at Mozamhik, and another in the Eajl Indies.
This Fight was fix Leagues Southward of the
Sound between Fayal and Pico. The People, who
were faved, told them, that the Reafon why they
would not yield, was, becaufe this Carak was on
the King’s Account, to whom all the Goods,
with which Ihe was laden, belonged ; and that
the Captain was much in the King’s Favour, ex¬
pecting, at his Return into the Indies, to have
been appointed Vice-Roy. Befides, this Ship was
not at all encumbered either within or without,
and was more like a Ship of War, than otherwife.
She was furnifhed with the Ordnance and Hands
of a Carak that was caft away at Mozambik ; to¬
gether with the Company of another that was
wrecked a little to the Eaft of the Cape of Good
Hope: Yet, through Sicknefs, which they caught
to the East Indies.
a at Angola , where they watered, they had not a-
bove one hundred and fifty white Men left; but
a great many Negros. They Laid, likewife, that'
there were three Noblemen and three Ladies on
board : But they varied mucJi from one another
in their Reports.
She burned all that Day and Night ; but nextTfo Carak
Morning, her Powder, which was" loweft, con-w°Wi "F
lifting of fixty Barrels, blowing up, fhe was torn
in Pieces, which fwam upon the Surface of the
b Water. Some of them faid, fhe was bigger then
the Madre de Dios ; others, that fhe wa3 lefs : But
fhe was much under-mafted, and under- failed
yet fhe went well for a Ship that was fo fouh
The Sampfon beftowed on her, before fhe laid her
aboard, about forty-nine great Shot at feven Dis¬
charges, fix or feven at a time. She lay aboard
about two Hours, and during that Interval, dis¬
charged upon her Some twenty Sacars : And thus
much may Suffice concerning their dangerous
c Conflict with that unfortunate Carak. ^
The laft of June , after long traverfing the Amber at
Seas, they had Sight of another mighty Carak/*^ iui
which diverfe of the Sampfon’s Company, at firft,?“'^*
took to be the great St. Philip , the Admiral of
Spain : But next Day, fetching her up, they found
her indeed to be a Carak ; which, after feme few
Shot beftowed upon her, they Summoned to yield ;
but ftanding ftoutly to their Defence, utterly re-
fufed : Wherefore Captain Downton , feeing no
d good could be done without boarding her, con-
lulted what Courfe fhould be taken therein : But
by Reafon the chief Captains were either flain or
wounded in the former Conflict, and Murmur-
ings arofe among Some disorderly and cowardly
Companions, their valiant and refolute Determi¬
nations were crofted. In fhort, to Sum up the
whoie in few Words, the Carak efcaped their
Plands. After this, they attended about Corvo and
I lor es for Some IVe/l India Purchafe : But being
e disappointed of their Expectations, and Victuals
growing fhort, they returned for Portfmouth ;
where the Sampfon arrived the twenty-eighth of
Augujl.
CHAP. XX.
Ihe unfortunate Voyage of C apt. Benjamin Wood, toward the Eaft Indies, in 1 596,
Fleet of IN 1596, three Ships, the Bear , the Bear-
tbru Ships, £ Whelp, and the Benjamin, equipped princi-
pa.iy at the Expence of Sir Robert Dudley , were f
put under the Command of Captain Benjamin
Wood. The Merchants employed in this Voyage,
were Mefl. Richard Allot and Fomas Bromfeld, of
the City of London : Who, intending to pierce as
far as China , obtained Queen Elizabeth’s Letter
to the King of that Country in their Behalf ;
which Letter is inferted in Hakluyt’s Collection,
vol. 3. p. 853 ; but of the Voyage there is fcarce
any Account to be met with : For the Fleet rai-
SCC Linf^0ten’s Voyages, book I. chap. 4. /. 1 1. and the Portuguese Afia, vol. 3. p. 25.
ferably
T596-
;! Wood.
•tter re.
• ing to
I cm.
|fe three
Irtugueze
¥ the Men
I hut four.
■a:ny of
: Spa-
lirds.
Englijh Voyages
ferably perifhed, and the Relation, if any there
was, of that Misfortune is loft. All the Account
we find of it, is in a Letter to the King of Spain ,
and his Council of the Indies , from the Licen¬
tiate Alcazar de Villa Scnor ; who was Auditor
of the Royal Court of St. Domingo , Judge of
Commiflion in Puerto Rico , and Captain -General
at New Andalufia. This Letter, dated October 2,
1601, was intercepted in its Pafifage, and found
among Mr. Hakluyt’s Papers by Purchas , who
has given a an Extra# (as he calls it) lo far as
concerns the Bufincfs, very tedious, and fcarce
intelligible, from whence the following Account
is gathered. This Letter however gives no Light
into the Voyage itfelf, nor by what Accident the
Ships, which fet out for the E aft Indies, came in¬
to the Weft Indies ; nor what became of them ;
nor the Nature of the Sicknefs which reduced
the Men to four : But wholly relates to what
pafled, after thofe Sailors had quitted the Ship
they came in, and landed at Utias.
By this Letter then it appears, that three En¬
glijh Ships, bound to fome of the Portugueze Parts
in the Eaft Indies , in their Paflage, took three
Portugueze Veflels, one of them from Goa , whofe
Captain had in Charge a large rich Stone, which
was for the King of Spain : Alfo Money for pay¬
ing the Soldiers of a Frontier Garifon, a great
Quantity of Gold and Silver Plate, Jewels, and
rich Merchandize ; all which the Englijh took.
After this, all the Men died of Sicknefs b, except
four, whofe Names were, Richard , Daniel , Tho¬
mas, and George. Thele in a Boat with what
Goods they could load, put into a River in the
Ifland of Utias , three Leagues from that of Puerto
Rico. Here, after landing the Goods, their Boat
lunk, and they remained with only a fmall Boat,
made of Boards, which they had taken from fome
Fifhermen at St. John’s Head in Puerto Rico :
"Where, coming for Water, George was left be¬
hind ; who, being found by Don Rodrigo de
Fuentes , and five others, gave them an Account
of all that happened, and where his three Com¬
rades and the Goods were to be found. Upon
this, they palled over to Utias , with a Letter
from George , to his Companions, advifing them
to deliver up themfelves, with their Weapons
and Goods. Being near the Place, they fet up a
white Flag, and the Englijh another, who, upon
the Promifes of Don Rodrigo , and his Conforts,
yielded themfelves, with their Arms and Effects.
The Spaniards divided the Money, and hid
the Stones, Gold, and other Things ; except a
fmall Quantity of Silks, and Plate in Bars, which
they kept to give Colour to their Story. After
they had eaten, drank, llept, and lived fociably
to the East In die s.
a with the Englijhmen a- while, they agreed to mur¬
der them. Accordingly they killed Richard and
Daniel-, but T/mnas efcaped to a Mountain. Go-'
ing back to Puerto Rico , they poifoned George , and
lent to Utias to feek Thomas , but milled of him ;
and he, to every Body’s Surprize, floated over
to Puerto Rico on a Piece of Timber : Which they
hearing of, fought many Ways to murder him.
Mean while, Don Rodrigo , and two others of
the Accomplices, informed the Governor of the
b City of St. Juan de Puerto Rico , that they had
brought a fmall Quantity of Goods from Utias ;
and were forced to fight with three Englijhmen ,
whom they had killed before they could get them.
They made Oath of the Affair, and fuborned o-
thers to atteft the Truth of what they aflerted :
But not agreeing in their Story, they were at
length all fent to Prifon ; from whence afterwards
fome of them broke out, with their Ring-leader
Don Rodrigo: Who, though he was bolted and
c chained, and had two Soldiers to guard him, filed
off" his Irons by Night, and carried off with him
two black Moors of his.
From thence he went to the River Toa, but £>e„R0drigo
two Leagues diftant, where he continued a long Ring-
Time in Sight of the City, with a Horfe and
Arms, being favoured by many of his Wife’s
Relations : So that he could not be taken. Al¬
though the Accomplices, upon their Examina¬
tion, con felled the Fa# ; yet they concealed moft
d of the Things that were hidden by them, but
laid the whole Contrivance upon Don Rodrigo »
who alfo confefled the Matter but in Part, though
confronted by Evidence, and denied the having
feveral Goods, though proved to have been ip
his Cuftody : As the great precious Stone, two
Gold Chains, with feveral Bracelets and Rings
fet with fmall Stones ; three Bags of Teftones of
eight and four Rials ; a Quantity of broken
Silver, weighing fifty Pound ; two Sacks of Plate
e in Bars, two hundred Pound Weight each: Of
all which, he delivered up but ten Pound and an
half, and confefled to about forty Pound more ; Secrets the
twenty-fix of which he gave to bribe Chriftoval de Jewels ard
Mercado , employed to take Examinations in the p!a,e%
Affair. He denied, that George told him the great
Stone was laid up in a Sort of little Prefs, between
two Boards, and where it was to be found ; though
it was proved, that the firft Time he went to
Utias , he brought from thence a Velvet Purfe,
f without telling his Companions what was in it,
at the Mouth whereof appeared certain Boards,
as large as ones two Hands joined together ;
which, by the Teftimony of Thomas , was the
fame that contained the Stone. He owned he
had fuch a Purfe, but faid it was ftolen from him :
a Pilgrims, vol. I. p. HI.
the Sicknefs proved fo mortal.
b The Letter gives no Account how they came into the Weil Judies, or
254 Englijh
1/^98. The Mercado , bcfides the twenty-fix Pound
Davis, of Plate, which lie had of Rodrigo, got alfo from
<«- — v — —'him and his Accomplices an hundred and twen¬
ty-two Crowns of Gold, four hundred and fifty
Rials of four, with fome of the other Goods.
The ycjl can- A 7 T e R Rodrigo's Efcape, the reft confefTed
fjs the the whole Affair ; but either through Favour or
Fear, none would affift the Licentiate to bring the
villainous Don to Juftice. Afterwards Juan Ruiz
broke Prifon, and fied to the Cathedral Church,
from whence the Licentiate took him : Where¬
upon a Suit commenced before the Ecclefiaftical
judge ; who gave Sentence, that he ought not to
be protedfed. After this, the Licentiate pro¬
nounced Sentence of Death againft Juan Ruiz ,
Juan Martinez , Pedro Camacho , and one Juan
Voyages to the East Indies.
ruth.
the Judg
Lopez de Alyceda , a Conftable,
who was affifting
a to them in fecreting the Goods: Which Sentence j -qJ
he refolved to put in Execution, unlefs in five Davis,
Days they delivered up the Goods. <“M“V
How this Affair ended, does not appear, the {J.arAld
Letter having been wiitten before the five Days
expired : Nor is it of much Ufe farther than to
fhew the End of that unfortunate Voyage, the
Villainy of the Spanijh Cut-throats, and that the
Licentiate’s Concern in the Profecution of thofe
Affaffins was wholly on Account of their defraud-
b ing the King of Spain, without the lc-aft Regard
to the Murder of the Englishmen : Who, in his
Letter, are treated as Robbers and Thieves ;
though England , at that Time, was at War with
Spain: Which juftified their taking of the three
Ships, and made them lawful Prizes.
CHAP. XXI.
A Voyage to the Eafl Indies in 1598, by Captain John Davis, who went Pilot in
a Dutch Ship.
Written by Himfelf.
lutraduSion, fTl HIS Voyage is printed in Purchas’s a Col- c
ledtion, and takes up two Sheets. It was
written by Davis himfelf, and feems to have been
fent by him from Midclleborough in Zeland, in a
Letter to Robert Earl of Ejfex ; which Letter,
dated the firft of Augujl 1600, is prefixed to the
Davis m- Relation. From this we learn, that the Author.
fkyed to dif- had been employed by his Lordfhip, for aifeo-
vering the Eaftern Parts of the World. Whence
he takes Occafion to tell the Earl, that his Journal
contained only luch Things as fell within his own d
Obfervation ; but that when he fhould be ho¬
noured with an Opportunity, he would give him
an Account of what he had learned abroad, re¬
lating to the King of Portugal’s Places of Trade,
and Strength ; as well as to the Commerce of the
Eaftern Nations among themfelves: That with
regard to the Portugueze Pofteffions, he would be¬
gin at Sefala [or Sofala ] which is their firft Foot¬
ing beyond the Cape of Good Hope, and fo pro¬
ceed to Mozambik , Ormus , Diu, Goa, Koitlam, e
Onor, Mangalor , Kochin, Kolumbo , Negapaten,
Porto Grande in Bengala , and Malakka, the City
of Makao in the Province of Kanton in China ,
and the Iflands of the Molokkos and Amboyno.
Portugueze He obferves, as to their Commerce, that they
Commerce.
trade to Monomotapa , Melinda , Aden, Kambaya ,
the Coaft of Koromandel, Balaguata , and O-
rixa : That the Trade of Guzerate was very con-
fiderable, that there were fome Traders of all
thofe Nations dwelling at Achen in Sumatra, where
he alfo met with Arabians , and a Nation called
Rumos, who, he fays, came from the Red- fca b,
and had trafficed many hundred Years to Achen ;
that there are many Chinefe there alfo, who ufed
him kindly, and gave him a good Account of
China. He concludes with observing, that the
Portugueze had induftrioully concealed thofe Mat¬
ters, which were then known to him.
The Captain had inclofed in his Letter anAdienC
Alphabet of the Achen Language, with fome ypj a
Words of it; which, he takes Notice, is writ-
ten after the Manner of the Hebrew, [by which
he means from Right to Left] but that has not
been printed. Mention is alfo made of fome of
their common Coin, which he had fent his Lord-
{hip by one Mr. Tomkins, (who, it’s likely, carried
the Letter from the Captain) one of them was a
Piece of Gold, called Mas, about Nine-pence
Half-penny in Value ; the reft were of Lead,
named ICaxas, whereof one thoufand fix hundred
make one Mas. The Relation c which follows.
3 Pilgrims, vol. i. p. 1 1 6. b By the Rumos or Rums are to be underftood, the People of Egypt ; which
having been a Part of the Roman Empire, is like Anatolia, and other Provinces, called Rum by the Orientals :
Hence the Turks are called Rums ; and not as Purcbas writes on this Occafion, becaufe they are in Pofleffion of
Conftantinople, which was called Neav Rome : For thofe Provinces went under the Denomination of Rum feveral
Ages before the Turks took that City. c It is intitled, A brief Relation of Mr. John Davis, chief Pilot
to the Zealanders t in their Eaft India Voyage from Middlebo rough.
2
IS
Englifi Voyages to
1 599. is> ,n Tome Places, obfcure; but it muft be con- a
pavis. fidered as only an Abflracl of his large Journal,
rV^’and perhaps written in hafte. As to the Lati¬
tudes, we cannot recommend them for their Ex-
a£lnefs. They feem to have been taken on Ship¬
board, and only two or three of them with any
Care. It is obfervable, that he gives no Obfer-
vation for Achin, though it was the chief Object
of the Voyage, and he flayed there fo long.
The VOYAGE. 1
S E C T. I.
Fleet fels out. Comes to Fernando Loronha Ife.
Saldanna Bay. The Inhabitants. Slay thirteen
Dutchmen. .- Cape of Good Hope. St. Au-
guftin’r Bay. Komoro Ijlands. Aufuame.
mi Fleet A/TARCH the fifteenth, 1598, they fet out
jl 0ut. IVl Flajhing^ with two Ships, the Lion and
the Lionefs : The former of four hundred Tons, c
and one hundred twenty-three Perfons on board ;
the latter, of two hundred and fifty Tons, and
a hundred Perfons. The Owners and Adven¬
turers were Mujhrom , Clark , and Monef of
Middleburgh ; and their chief Commander was
Cornelius Houteman , who had a Commiflion from
Grave Maurice.
The twenty- fecond, they anchored in Tor-
bay , with very rough Winds ; whence they fail¬
ed, April the feventh, 1599 > an^ t^ie twentieth, 1
had Sight of Porto Santo. The twenty-third,
they fell with the Ifland Palma ; and the thir¬
tieth came to the Ifles of Cape Verde. May
the firft, they anchored at St. Nicholas , one of
thofe Iflands, in fixteen Degrees, fixteen Minutes,
North Latitude, where they watered the feventh ;
and fetting Sail the ninth, fell in with St. Jago.
June the ninth, they made the Coafl of Brazil ,
in feven Degrees South Latitude : And not being
able, for the unfleady Winds, and bad Weather,
to double Cape St. Augujliney fhaped their Courfe
[to the North] for the little Ifland Fernanda Lo-
ronha , in four Degrees, South Latitude ; where
they arrived the fifteenth, and anchored on the
North Side of it, in eighteen Fathom.
3jn.Loron- The Ifland is very fruitful, and here is good
tijk. Water, Beef, Goats, Hogs, Hens, Melons, Gui¬
nea Corn, Plenty of Sea Fowl and Fifh. There
were on the Ifland but twelve Negros, eight
Men and four Women, who had been left by
the Portugueze to till the Ground ; no Ships ha¬
ving been there for three Years before. Aagujl
the twenty-fixth, they left this Ifland with a
North-Eaft Wind ; and the laft of the Month
doubled Cape St. Augujline. The tenth of Sep¬
tember, , they pafs’d the Danger they mofl appre¬
hended, the Shoals of Abr allies ; which lie off the
the East Indies, 255
Coafl: of Brazil , far into the Sea, in twenty-one 1599.
Degrees South. Davis.
NOVEMBER the eleventh, they anchored in
the Bay of Saldania , in thirty-four Degrees ^kljnna'
South, ten Leagues fhort of the Cape of Good ^
Hope ; and here found three good Rivers. They
traded with the Natives at very eafy Rates, ha¬
ving had fat Sheep and Oxen for old Nails, and
Pieces of Iron, not the Value of a Penny. The
Oxen have a great Lump of Flefh (like the
> Bunch upon a Camel’s Back) between the Shoul¬
ders ; and the Sheep have no Wool, but long
(baggy Hair, and mighty Tails (all entire Fat)
which weigh twelve or fourteen Pounds. The
Natives are of an olive Completion, darker
than the Braftlians ; their Hair black and curled,
like the Negros of Angola , but are not circum-
cifed ; their Faces painted with feveral Colours,
and all naked, except a fhort Cloak of Skins,
and Sandals upon their Feet.
: They are a flrong, adtive People, and very The Natives.
fwift Runners. Their Words are, for the moil
part, inarticulate ; and in fpeaktng they cluck
with the Tongue, like a Hen : Which Clucking,
and the Word, coming both together, found
very odly. Their Weapons are only Darts j
they are Subjedls to the great King of Monomo-
tapa. The Flemings having done them fome In¬
jury, they abfented themfelves for three Days ;
and having in the mean Time alarmed the Coun-
d try, by great Fires from the Mountains, on the
nineteenth, they came again, bringing much
Cattle along with them. But while the Dutch were
bartering with them, they made a fudden and
furious Affault upon the Sailors, flaying thirteen in stay thirteen.
aTrice; and although their Hand-Darts could do Dutch,
no Hurt at four Pikes Length, yet the reft, throw¬
ing away their Weapons, took to their Heels,
the Barbarians purfuing them. Their Baafe , or
Captain (who did not think fit to venture him-
e fell in the Skirmifh) lent them a Parcel of
Weapons from the Ships, Swords, Targets, Pikes,
and Mufkets : But the Flemings , though like Gi¬
ants for Size, durft not venture out of their
Tents; and though Captain Davis , with his
Friend Mr. Tomkins , offered to repulfe the Ene¬
my, if they would affift him, yet the greater Part
refufed. The fame Night they went all on board,
but could not get a Maflift, they had, along with
them ; as if the Beaft was afhamed of fuch cow-
f ardly Company. The Country hereabouts has a
good Soil, and a pleafant Air ; it abounds with
ufeful Plants, as Mint, Calamint, Plantane,
Ribwort, Trefoil, Scabious, Etc.
Departing the twenty-feventh, they, on Cap? of
the laft of this Month, doubled the Cape of GoodGcod
Elope ; and on December the fixth, the Cape das
Aguliosy which is the moll Southern Point of all
Africk .
2 5 6 Englijh V O V AG E s ft
1600. Africk, It lies in thirty-five Degrees South ; and a
Davis, here the Com pals has no Variation. ''January
the ftxth, 1599, they fell in with Aladagafcar,
Ihort of Cape Romans : But not being able to
double it, all the reft of this Month they fteered
Sc. AuguT- for the Bav of 67. Auguftne , on the South -Weft
m 5 ay’ Part of the Bland, in twenty-three Degrees,
fifty Mi flutes ; where, February the third, they
anchored, many People appearing on the Shore,
but on their landing, they fled. The Reafon of
this was, that the Dutch Captain, in a former b
Voyage, had done much Injury to the Natives,
one of whom he took, bound to a Poft, and
(hot to Death. Yet after feven Days waiting,
and Means had been ufed to mollify them, they
brought fome Milk and one Cow (which the
Dutch bought) and then took their final Leave
of them. Thefe People have ftrong and well
made Bodies, and go naked ; their Skin is coal-
black, their Speech fweet and pleafing ; their
Weapons are Half-pikes, headed with Iron, which (
they keep very bright. The Country feems very
fruitful, and produces great Store of Tamarind
Trees, and a Sort of Beans (that grow upon high
Trees) the Pods of which are two Foot long,
and proportionably big, and make a very good
Food. Cameleons are numerous here.
The Englijh efpecially fuffered great Mifery in
this Bay, from whence they all went on board
the eighth of March , extreamly hungry, and
without any Meat. The fourteenth, they de- ,
parted, naming it Hungry Bay, and fhaped their
Courfe to the North Side of the Bland.
Komoro The twenty-ninth of March , 1600, they
Ifa* came up with the Iflands Komoro , which are five
in Number, Mayotta , Aufuamc , Magliaglio a, St.
Chrifophero , and Sperito Santo , lying between
twelve and thirteen Degrees, South Latitude:
And the thirtieth anchored at Mayotta , clofe by
a Town, where they met with People, who Teem¬
ed to be glad of their Coming, and brought Pro-
vifions. The Captain being invited afhore, went,
and the King met him, with three Drums beating
before him; and a fine Retinue, all richly dreff in
long filk embroidered Garments, after the Turkif)
Mode. They were received very kindly by his
Majefty, who gave them a Letter of Recommenda¬
tion to the Queen of Aufuame \ for there is no King.
Aufuame. APRIL the nineteenth, they came to Au-
fuame b, and anchored before the City Demos :
The Ruins about which befpeak it to have been
formerly a Place of Strength and Grandeur ; the
fmall Remains of it were as big as Plymouth ; all
the Houfes built with Lime and Free-ftone. The
Walls of the City are moftly in Ruins. Her
the East Indies.
Majefty would not honour them with a Sight of 160c
her, but yet ufed them with great Friendfhip. Davis.
The People are Negros, but fmooth-hair’d, v— 1
like Indians, They ate Mohammedans, and the beft
provided for War of all hereabouts, having
Swords and Targets, as well as Bows and Ar¬
rows. Thefe Blands are pieafant and fruitful,
yielding Rice, Oxen, Goats, Coco’s, Banana’s,
Oranges, Lemons, and Citrons. What other
Commodities they yield, the Author could not
learn ; though he found Merchants of Arabia
and India there. The People are fond of Iron
and Weapons ; alfo of Paper.
SECT. II.
Come to the Malediv IJlands. Pafs the right
Channel. Arrive at Achin, Are well received
by the King. Plot to feize the Ship. Strange
Drug. They fall on the Dutch. Davis faves
the Ships. Sumatra deferibed. Pepper , how it
grows. Divifon of the If and. Defcription of
Achin. Fort and Road. King of Achin. His
Palace and Manners. Betel, its Ejfedls.
THE twenty-eighth, they departed, palling ^Iale^iv
through the Iflands Mafcarennas, by ihe^ani'
Shoals de Almirante ; and May the twenty-third,
fell in with the Maidive Iflands, which are fo
low, clofe by the Water, and fo covered over
with Cocos, that nothing but green Trees ap¬
pears. Being at Anchor here, many Indian Boats
paffed by, but none would come to them, which
moved the Captain to give Orders for the taking
one of them. The twenty-fourth, the Ship
Boats brought in one, which was covered with
Mats, like a clofe Barge, and had in her a Gen¬
tleman and his Wife : He was dreffed in very fine
white Linen, after the Turkijh Manner ; had
rich Stone Rings on, and his Behaviour was affa¬
ble, his Afpe<ft modeff, and his Speech graceful,
as befpoke him a Man of Quality. The Cap¬
tain went into his Boat to fee his Wife, whom
he unwillingly (hewed him. She fat with filent
Modefty, not fpeaking a Word. He alfo open¬
ed her Cafket, wherein were fome Jewels and
Ambergreafe. What was taken from them Da¬
vis knew not ; but in going away that Gentle¬
man (hewed a princely Spirit. He was of a
middle Stature, was black, and had ftnooth
Hair. Thefe Iflands are reported to be no
lefs than eleven thoufand in Number. Their
Plenty of Cocos bring them a good Trade,
fince they make Bread, Wine, and Oil, Ropes,
Sails, and Cables, of the feveral Parts of that
Fruit.
3 Perhaps Moella Or Mahilla, as it is now called. b Aufuame , or rather Anfuame , feems to be the
fame called by others, Anzoane , and Anjuan-, and, corruptly Joanna, by the Englijh at prelent.
The
m vt at
in.
Englijh Voyages to
The twenty-feventh, there came aboard an a
old Man, who fpoke a little Portuguese ; when
fetting Sail, he was their Pilot through the true
Channel, called Maldivia , which, by good
Luck they hit upon, lying in lour Degrees fif¬
teen Minutes North Latitude ; there the Com-
pafs had feventeen Degrees Weft Variation. Vaft
Numbers of Ships from all Parts of India , pafs
through this Channel, which is very dangerous
to mifs of.
JUNE the third, they fell in with the Coaft b
of India, in eight Degrees, forty Minutes North,
near about Kocbin ; and coafting this Shore doub¬
led Cape Kamorin , from whence they fleer’d
their Courfe for Sumatra.
The thirteenth, they faw the Coaft of Suma¬
tra in 5° 40' North Latitude ; and the twenty
firft, anchored in the Bay of Achin , in twelve
Fathom. Here they found fome Barks of Ara¬
bia and Pegu , that came for Pepper ; and Don
Alfonfo Vincent , a Portuguese, with three or four c
Barks from Malahka , who came (as they found
afterwards) to fruftrate their T rade. Soon after
the King fent Officers to meafure their Ships,
and take the Number of the Men and Ordnance:
With them the Captain fent two of his People,
who carried a Looking-glafs, a Drinking-glafs,
and a Bracelet of Coral, as a Prefent for the
King ; who fent them back, cloathed after the
manner of the Country, in white Kalicut, with
Tidings of Peace, and Plenty of Spice. ^ d
■dlreteived The twenty-third, at Midnight, the King
ibt King, fent for the Captain and a Nobleman in Hoitage.
His Majefty, befides a civil Entertainment, made
him a Promife of a free Trade ; and gave him,
as a Mark of his particular Favour, the Krife of
Honour. This is a Sort of Weapon like a Dag¬
ger : It has no Crofs, nor Hilt, but the Haft and
Handle are of a Metal of a fine Luftre, valued
more than Gold, and richly feFwith Rubies. It
is Death for any Man to wear it, unlefs given e
him by the King ; and he that has this Favour,
has an unlimited’ Power to take Victuals without
paying for them, and command all others as his
Slaves! At his Return he brought a Boat-load
of Pepper along with him, and reported incre¬
dible Things of his own good Pveception, and the
mighty Trade he had procured : But told the
Englijbmen , the King often afked if he was not
tch °f that Nation ; which he denied, uttering fome
d unhandfome Words againft the Englijh ; and f
faying, he would give a thoufand Pound that
there haJ been none on board. The twenty-
feventh, the Merchants went afhore with their
Wares, having a Houfe prepared by the King’s
Appointment.
the East Indies.
Not long after, the Captain being at Court
again, the King difeovered the treacherous De-
fign of the Portuguese to him ; but promifed tov
ftand his Friend, and gave him a Purfe of Gold.
Then he was afked again, whether he was an
Englijhman or not; and having anfwered, that
he was of Flanders , the King replied, it was a
Country he had never heard of, but that the
Fame of England had reached his Ears for fome
Time before. And when he heard that there The Frp'ifl,
were fome Englijhmen in the Ship (though to their td« ,er.
Difparagement, it was faid, that they had their
Education in Flanders) yet to the Captain’s fur¬
ther Mortification he told him, that he rn^fl
needs fee fome Men of that Country. Asjbr
the Bufinefs of Trade, it was then agreed, mat
the Captain fhould affift him in his Wars againft
the King of Jor , [or Johor) and, in Coniide-
ration of that Service, fhould have a full Lading
of Pepper.
AUGUST the twentieth, the King e x prefled
fome Refentment, that none of the Englijh had' tje ,ng'
yet been brought to wait upon him (for neither
Davis nor Tomkins were buffered to go on Shore)
and reproach’d the Captain, as if he intended to
march off, and quit the Service he had covenant¬
ed to perform. Upon this Captain Davis was
prefently fent for ; and the twenty- fecond wait¬
ed upon the King, with whom he flayed four
or five Hours, banqueting and. drinking. When
he had been there about an Hour, he ftoed up ;
and the Shah Bandar a, firft taking off his Hat, put
a Roll of white Linen round his Head, and a
Safh of the fame, embroidered with Gold, that
went twice about his W aift, and hung down
half his under Veft of White, and over that one
of Red. Then the King made him eat, and
drank to him in Aquavitre. He was ferved all
in Gold and China, and eat on the Ground
without either Table or Cloth. The greateft
Part of his Difcourfe was about England , the
Queen, and her Bajha’s, whom he greatly ad¬
mired, for her Wars with the King of Spain ;
which Prince he imagined to be abfolute Mo¬
narch of all Europe.
The twenty -third, Davis was fent for by the
Prince, and rode to Court on an Elephant. E\-
ceffive eating and drinking was the Entertain¬
ment. This Day he met with a very confidera-
ble China Merchant, who fpoke Spanijh , of whom
he learned fome things of Moment. T. here are ma¬
ny Chinefe Traders here, who have their particular
Town ; fo have the Portuguese , the Gusarats ,
Arabs , and thofe of Bengala and Pegu. The
Captain difiiking that he fhould keep Company
fo much with the Chinefe , ordered him on board.
a In Punch as , Sabander. Shah Bandar ,
Vol. I. N° XII.
e. King of the Port
L 1
Title of the chief Officer of the Cufloms.
SEP-
Plot to Jeize
the Sb'ph
Strargt
Drug.
They fall on
(be Dutch.
Engiijh Voyages to
SEPTEMBER the firft, they had Orders to a
take in Soldiers and Ordnance, and to prepare
for the Battery of the City for ; and to colour
the Defign that was going on, the better, the
great Galleys were brought out of the River,
and the Sea all about them was covered with Praws,
[or Paraws] and Boats loaded with armed Men.
Some of the chief came aboard them as Karkoun ,
the Secretary, and Abdalla , the chief Shah Bandar ,
with a good Company of Soldiers, appointed
with all Sorts of Weapons; who pretended only b
aCaroufe with the good Liquors they had brought.
The Crew fufpeCting another Sort of Entertain¬
ment, prepared accordingly, filling their Tuns
with Stones, and making faft all the Gratings,
and prepared their Weapons in Spite of the Cap¬
tain, who feemed under no Apprehenfion of
Danger.
The Achiners , whofe Defign was to cut their
Throats, the more eafily to effect it, mixed all
the Meat and Drink they brought aboard, with c
a Sort of Seed, which grows in the Country, a
little of which makes a Man as it were fenfelefs ;
fo that Things appear to him quite otherwife
than they really are ; but if taken in a large
Quantity, is a deadly Poifon. During the Ban¬
quet, the Shah Bandar and Secretary fent for
Mr. Davis , and fpoke to one of their Attend¬
ants, but what he knew not. Soon after, the
Drug began to operate upon them, fo that they
quite loft the due Management of themfelves, d
and begun to gape and ftare upon one another,
like fo many Fools. The Captain was a Prifon-
er, and knew nothing of it.
And now they had brought them into the
Condition they defired, upon a Signal given
from the other Ship, (where the Secretary had
gone to play the fame Game) they fell upon them,
killed the Captain and feveral others. Davis and
Tomkins feeing this, with a Frenchman defended
the Poop, which was all they had left of the e
Ship ; the Enemy having gotten Pofleflion of the
Cabin, and of the Guns, by creeping in at the
Port-holes. The Mafter of the Ship, and others,
leaped into the Sea till all was over, and then
came in again a. At length the Achiners began
to fly (for the Sailors from the Tops, pelted them
foundly) which when Davis and Tomkins faw,
they leaped from the Poop to purfue them. They
were met by a Turk coming out of the Cabin,
who wounded Tomkins grievoufly; but as both f
lay ftruggling on the Ground, Davis ran him
into the Body with a fmall Sword ; and the Skip¬
per difpatched him, by thrufting a Half-pike
down his Throat. By this Time the Secretary
and his Party had gotten Pofleflion of the other
the East Indies.
Ship, and murdered the principal Perfons belong- 1600
ing to it: But thofe of Davis' s Veffel having Davis,
cut her Cable, and made towards them, by' — y-
means of their Guns, foon obliged the Indians
to fly, and recovered the Ship, the Galley not ^
daring to aflift them. In this Misfortune it was
fome Pleafure to fee the DeftruCtion that was
made of the Enemy, by the Sword or the Wa¬
ter. The Sea was covered with Indians Heads,
for they fwam away by hundreds. Among the
reft, the Shah Bandar , and one of the King’s near
Kinfmen were killed, and the Secretary wound¬
ed. The News of this Overthrow fo inflamed
the tyrannical Prince, who was then by the
Sea-flde, that he cut off* the Heads of all the
Flemings on Shore ; eight only excepted, whom
he referved for Slaves. Their Lofs amounted to
flxty-eight Men in all, including thofe that were
under Confinement, befides the two Pinnaces and
a Boat.
During their Stay at Achin^ they had got¬
ten a hundred and forty Tons of Pepper aboard
their Ships : But upon the Rupture, all the Mo¬
ney and Merchandize afhore, as well as the Men,
were loft; by which means many young Ad¬
venturers were quite ruined, and Captain Davis
himfelf did not come off much better.
The Soil of this Ifland Sumatra is very rich Sumatra
and fertile ; it produces Variety of excellent Fruits,#"^’
and very good Timber for Shipping; but no
Sort of Grain, only Rice, of which they make
their Bread. Here are Mines of Gold and Cop¬
per, precious Balms and Gums, Rubies, Sap¬
phires, and Garnets, with much Indigo, and
many other valuable Commodities : Particular¬
ly Pepper grows here in fuch Plenty, that they
are able to lade twenty Ships every Year, and
might many more, if they were induftrious. It- t
grows like Hops, from a planted Root, which,
by Degrees, winds itfelf up about a Pole, till it
becomes a great bufhy T ree. The Pepper hangs
in Clufters three Inches long, and one about ;
each Clufter having forty or more Corns in it.
Befides thefe mineral and vegetable Productions,
it affords Plenty of ferviceable Animals, as
Horfes, Oxen, Goats, wild Hogs, Elephants, and
Bufflos ; which laft they ufe in ploughing their
Ground. To thefe Advantages may be added
a very wholfome and temperate Air in moft
Places ; with fweet Dews and fruitful Showers,
that never fail to cool and refrefh the Ground.
The Ifland of Sumatra is divided into four
Kingdoms, Achien , Pider , Manankaho , and A-
ru. The three laft are tributary to the firft ; but
Aru holdeth with the King of Jor , and refufeth
Subjection. Captain Davis heard of no more
a It feems the Operation of the Drag was quickly over, or the Fright brought them immediately to their
Senfes.
than
Englijh Voyages to the East. Indie s.
1600.
Davis.
:hin de-
ibid.
rt and
>od.
k®/
:hin.
1 Palace
i Man~
L
than five principal Cities in this Ifle. Acbiti , Pi-
der , Pafem , [or Pifang] Daia a, and Manan-
kabo. Achien b, the Capital City of the whole
Ifland, (lands in a Wood; and is fo entirely co¬
vered with Trees, that an Houfe is not to be
feen, till one is juft upon it. It is a very large
rambling Place, and the Houfes (land almoft like
the Trees, without any Order or Uniformity :
They are raifed upon Polls, eight or nine Foot
from the Ground ; and have W alls and Cover¬
ings of Mats, the pooreft weakeft Things in the
World. Here is a vaft Concourfe of People ; and
the three great Market-places yield, every Day,
the Profpe£l of fo many Fairs. The Haven that
leads to it, is very fmall, being but fix Foot at
the Bar ; and it has one of the worft, and moll ill
contrived Forts in the World, madeofStone ; being
round, without Covering, Battlements, or Flank¬
ers, and low- walled like a Pound : But there isa very
pleafant Road before this Fort, in which (the
Wind ft ill blowing from the Shore) a Ship may
ride a Mile off in eighteen Fathom, and clofe by
in fix and four Fathom.
The King of Achien is called Sultan Aladin ,
and is faid to be one hundred Years old. He is a
healthy Man, but exceeding corpulent. He was
originally a Filherman, (of which this Place had
very many, for they live molt upon Filh ;) but
difcovered fo much Valour and Conduct in order¬
ing the former King’s Galleys in Time of War,
that his Sovereign made him Admiral of his Sea
Forces, and gave him to Wife one of his neareft
Kinfwomen. The King had an only Daughter,
married to him of Jor , by whom Ihe had a Son, who
was fent to Achien to be under his Grandfather.
The old King dying fuddenly, the quondam Filh¬
erman, who was then chief Commander both by
Land and Sea, took the Protection of the Child j
in which the Nobility and Gentry oppofing him,
he put to Death more than a thoufand of them,
and made new Lords of the meaner Sort. This
done, he murdered the Child ; and then proclaim¬
ed himfelf King in Right of his Wife. Here¬
upon arofe great War between him and the King
of Jor , which Hill continued. Thefe twenty
Years he had by Force held the Kingdom, and
then feemed to be fecure.
His Palace Hands half a Mile from the City,
upon the River. One muft pafs three Courts of
Guards before he can come at him : It is built as
other Houfes are, but much higher. He fitteth
where he can fee, unfeen, all that come to any of
his Guards. The Walls and Covering confift of
Mats. It is hanged fometimes with Cloth of
Gold, fometimes with Velvet, and fometimes with
Damalk. He fits upon the Ground crofs-legged
259
a like a Taylor, and fo muft all who arc in 3ns 1600.
Prefence. He vveareth four Crefis [or Kris] two Davis,
before, and two behind, rich with Diamonds, './VXJ
and Rubies; and hath a Sword lying upon his Lap.
He is attended by at leaft forty Women, fome
with Fans to cool him, others with Cloths to wipe
off the Sweat ; fome give him Aqua Vita r, others
Water; the reft fing pleafant Songs: He doth
nothing but eat and drink from Morning toNight.
There is no End of Banquetting : And when his
b Belly is ready to burft, then he eateth Arecca
Betula, [or Arek and Betel] which is a Fruit like Betel, in
a Nutmeg, wrapped in a kind of Leaf like Yo-EVai‘
bacco, with lharp Chalk made of Pearl Oyfter
Shells : This chewed, caufes a great Flux of Spit¬
tle, which it colours very red, and procures a
new Appetite for eating. With the fame View,
for Change, he fometimes goes into the River,
having a Place on Purpofe for Bathing. That
Drug maketh the Teeth very black alfo; and the
c blacker they are, the more beautiful.
As in Europe , the Cuftom is by uncovering
the Head to Ihew Reverence, in this Place, every
one that goes into the King’s Prefence, muft put off
his Shoes and Stockings, and come before him
bare-legged, and ba re- footed ; holding the Palms
of the Hands together, raifed above his Head, and
bowing with the Body, muft fay, Doulat : Which
done, without more Ceremony, he fits down
crofs-legged. The King fpends hiswholeTime in
d eating, with Women, and at Cock-fighting. And
as is the King, fuch are his Subjects ; for their
Pleafure lies all the fame Way.
SECT. III.
Government of Achin. Forces by Sea. Religion.
Gold buried in the Royal Sepulchres. Trade and
Manufactures. Coin. Weights. A Mtjftah
expected by the People of Achin. They leave that
Port , and return. Sail taTanaflerin. Ifands
cf Nikubar. Take an Indian Ship. Return
homewards. The Victuals poifoned. Ifes 0/" He¬
lena, and Afcenfion. Arrive in Holland.
THIS State is governed by five principal Government.
Men, with their inferior Officers ; to which
are joined his Secretary, and four Shah Bandars ;
with thefe refteth all Authority. The King is
defpotic ; the Life and Goods of all his Subjects
lying at his Mercy. He cutteth off the Hands
f and Feet of Offenders, or banilheth them to an
Ifle named Polowey. If he put any to Death,
they are torn to Pieces by Elephants, or impaled.
There are many fettered Prifoners that go about
the Town, befides what may be in the Gaols.
His Women are his chiefeft Counfellors. He
a Perhaps, Daga. b It is called AJhi, in the King’s Letter to Queen Elizabeth, mentioned hereafter;
fometimes Achin, by this Author, and by others, commonly Ac hen,
L 1 2 hath
i6o
1 600.
Davit.
C- —
Free i by
Sen.
Religion,
Cold intomb'
id.
1 Trade and
Manufac¬
tures.
Englijh Voyages to the East Indies.
hath three Wives, and many Concubines, which ;
are very ckffcly kept.
H E hath one hundred Galleys, fonie carrying
four hundred Men, made like a Wherry, very
long and open, without any Deck, Forecaftle,
Chafe, or the like. Their Oars are like Shovels,
of four Foot long, which they only life with the
Hand, not rcfting them upon the Galley. With
thefe he keepeth his Neighbours in Obedience,
although they carry no Guns. A Woman is his
Admiral, for he will truft no Men : Their Wea¬
pons are Bows, Arrows, Javelins, Swords, Tar¬
gets. They have no defenfive Arms, but fight
naked.
He hath great Store of Brafs Ordnance, which
they ufe without Carriages, fnooting them as they
lie upon the Ground. Captain Davis fays, they
were the greateft he ever faw; and the Metal was
reported to be mixed with Gold. The Strength
of his Land Force lies in his Elephants.
I N Religion they are Mohammedans , and pray
with Beads as the Papijls do. They bring up
their Children in Learning, and have many
Schools. They have an Archbifhop, and Spiri¬
tual Dignities. There is one in Achin , whom
they greatly honour as a Prophet, faying, that he
hath the Gift of the Spirit. He is diftinguifhed
from the reft in Apparel, and much carefted bv
the King.
I N the Place of Sepulture for the Kings, every
Grave hath a Piece of Gold at the Head, and an¬
other at the Foot, weighing at leaft five hundred
Pounds Weight, curiofly embofled and wrought.
They faw two fuch Pieces making for the King
then reigning, which weighed a thoufand Pound
each, and were very richly adorned with precious
Stones. Captain Davis had a great Curiofity to
fee the King’s Sepulchres, becaufe of the great
Wealth reported to be 3 therein, but could not.
The People are wholly addicted to Commerce,
and generally very expert in Bufinefs. With re-
fpe£t to mechanical Arts, they have Goldfmiths,
Gunfounders, Shipwrights, Taylors, Weavers,
Hatters, Pot- makers, and Diftillers of Aqua Vitez,
[or Arrack] which is made of Rice, (for they
muft drink no Wine) Cutlers, and Smiths. As
touching their Burials, every Generation, or Fa¬
mily, have their particular Place in the Fields, to
inter their Dead. They lay their Heads towards
Mecha [Mekka,] having a Freeftone at each End 1600
of the Grave: That at the Feet is curioufiy Davis.'
wrought, thereby fignifying the Worthinefs of *— v1***
the Perfon.
Here is a great Refort of Merchants from
China , Bengala , Pegu , Java , Koromandel , Gu¬
jarat <?, Arabia , and Rumos. Rumos is in the Red-
Sea b, and the Place from whence Salomon fent
his Ships to Ophir for Gold ; which is now called
Achin , as by Tradition they affirm : And thefe
Rumos from Salomon’s Time to this Day, have
followed the fame Trade c.
They have divers Sorts of Coin, as Cafties, c.:fl
Mefs, Cowpan, Pardaw, Tayell. Captain Da¬
vis faw only two Sorts, one of Gold, named Mafs ,
the Bignefs of a Penny, and as common as Pence
in England ; the other of Lead, called Caxas, much
like the little Token, ufed by the Vintners of Lon¬
don. A thoufand fix hundredCafhes, makeoneMafs:
Four hundred Cafhes, a Cowpan : Four Cowpans,
one Mafs. Five Malles, four Shillings Sterling.
Four Malles make a Pcrdaw : Four Perdaws, a
Tayell. So that a Mafs is nine Pence and three
fifths of a Penny.
They fell their Pepper by the Bhar, which Weight,.
is equal to three hundred and threefcore of our
Pounds. This cofts three Pound four Shillings.
Their Pound they call a Catt , which is twenty-
one of our Ounces. Their Ounce is bigger than
ours, by fo much as fixteen is more than ten.
I The Weight which they fell Precious Stones by,
is called Mafs , ten and three fourths whereof
make an Ounce.
Once every Year, theKing, attended with all^M^*
his Noblemen, and great Pomp, goes to th e'*j>tfied.
Church to fee if the MeJJias be come; which hap¬
pened at our being here. There were forty Ele¬
phants in his Train, covered with Silk, Velvet,
and Cloth of Gold ; with divers Noblemen riding
upon each : But there was one whofe Furni-
; ture far exceeded the reft, having a little Golden
Caftle upon his Back, which was led for the
* Mcjfias to ride in. The King was carried alfo
in a little Caftle. Some had Targets of Gold,
others, great half Moons of Gold, with Streamers,
Banners, Enfigns, Drums, Trumpets, and other
Inftruments of Muftck. The Proceffion moved
in a very folemn Manner, and made a handfome
Appearance. At length coming to the Church,
3 The Author of the Portuguese Afia relates a Story, which confirms this Report. He tells us, that George
d. Brito, who in 1521, was fent to Achin with a Fleet, of fix Ships, and three hundred Men, having been in¬
formed by an ungrateful Portuguese , whom the King had relieved after Shipwreck, that there was great Store of
Gold in the Tombs of the Kings ; after fome Inquiry into the Bufinefs, began to pick a Quarrel with the King,
and landed with two hundred Men, in order to feize it : But the King coming on with a thoufand Men, and
fix Elephants, he and moll of his Men were killed : The juft Reward of Injuftice, Ingratitude, and Avarice.
See de Faria y Scufa Portuguese Afia, Vol. 1. p. 244. 0 See the Note before, p. 254. Note b. c The
Egyptians might, but the Rums could not ; becaule they take their Name from their Romans , who were not
pdfefied of Egypt for a long Time after Solomon's, Days.
they
ivt
hin.
Englljh Voyages to
they looked in, and, not finding the Mejias, ;
ufed fome Ceremonies. After which, the King,
defcending from his own Elephant, rode home
upon that prepared for the Mejias. A. hey ended
the Day with Feafling and Diverfions.
SEP TE MB E R the firft, the fame Day they
had the Encounter with the Achinecs they depart¬
ed, and anchored before the City Pider ; expect¬
ing to hear of the Pinnace they had fent thither
before for Rice, but did not. The fecond, eleven
Galleys arriving with Portuguese (as they thought)
to take their Ships, they funk one, and defeated
the reft: The fame Day, there came to them
Guy an la Fort , (the Son of a French Merchant in
Seething Lane , London ) who was one of the eight
Prifoners. He was fent by the King to afk them,
jf they were not afhamed to be fuch Beads to get
drunk, and then in their Liquor to murder his
People, whom he had fent to them in Kindnefs ?
and to demand their beft Ship forSatisfa&ion, in
which cafe he promifed to releafe the Men. Do
leturn tli-
ber.
Sent to Ta-
rufluno.
IJlindt cf
Nikubai .
this , faid he to la Fort , and I will make you a great
Man: But the Flemmings wanted Satisfaction of the
King. Being diftreft'ed for Water, they went to
the I (lands called Pulo Botum , upon the Coaft of
Queda, in fix Degrees fifty Minutes, where they
took in Provifion.
There were aboard three Letters fealed up,
and fuperfcribed A, B, C ; which, upon the Death
of our Baafs, were to be opened. By A , one
Thomas ^uymans was appointed to be their Chief, d
who was flain at Achien. Then B was opened,
whereby the faid la Fort (who efcaped) was ap¬
pointed Chief, and received as fuch. 1 he Let¬
ter C was not opened.
The 1 aft Day of the Month, they fet Sail
again for Achien , in Hope, by fome Means, to re¬
cover their Mien. October the nxth, they came
in Sight of that City, and the twelfth, entered
the Bay ; where they found ten Galleys fet
out againft them. Bearing up to one of them, e
they gave her divers Shot ; but in a Calm, under
-the Land, (he efcaped. As for the reft, they
durft not come near them.
The eighteenth, they fhaped their Courfe for
the City of Tanajarin , a Place of great Trade;
and the twenty-fifth anchored among the Iflands
in the Bay, in eleven Degrees twenty Minutes
North. Here the Winds proved fo crofs, that
they could not get up to the City, which ftands
twenty Leagues within the Bay : Being in very f
great Diftrefs for Want of Victuals, they failed
tor the Blands Nikobar , in eight Degrees North,
where thev arrived the twelfth of November ; and
were fupplied with Plenty of Hens, Oranges, Le-
the E A S T I N D I E S. 261
mons, and other Fruit, and toms AmbergreaiC. 1000.
Which they had in Exchange for Linen Cloth, ^ Tav^
and Table Napkins. Thefe Bles are pleafant and V’vV'
fruitful, Low-land, and have good Road for Ships.
The People are very poor, living wholjy upon
Fruits and Fifli, without ever manuring the
Ground ; and therefore have no Rice, which the
Ships being in great Want of, the fixteenth they
fhaped their Courfe for the Ble of Z eilon.
The fixth of December , they took a Ship oi q~ase an in-
1 Negapatan , (a City on the Coaft of Koromandel)*™ Sbif.
laden with Rice, and bound for Achien. There
were on board threefcore Perfons from feveral
Parts, as Achien , Java , Leilon , Pegu , A arfinga,
and Koromandcl. By thele they learned, that at
Mategalou, and Trinquanamale , Cities in Z eilon of
great Trade, they might load their Ship with
Cinnamon, Pepper, and Cloves; and thattheie was
great Store of Precious Stones and Pearls, in that
Bland, as well as all Kind of Victuals very cheap ;
; and that the King is a mortal Enemy to the Por¬
tuguese. Hereupon, they did their utmoft to get
thither ; but could not for the contrary Winds.
The Indians then told them, that if they would
ftay till January , they fhould meet with more
than a hundred Ships failing clofe by that Shore,
laden with Spice, Linen, and China Commodities,
befides Precious Stones, and other Wealth. ^
T o ftay there as a Man of War, their Govcr- Return botr.s-
nor would not agree: Whereupon, the twenty-
d eighth, they fhaped their Courfe homewards,
having beaten ftxteen Days upon this Coaft to re¬
cover Matecalou. They difcharged their Prize
the eighteenth, after taking the beft Part oi her
Rice, for which their Chief paid them to then
Content : But the unruly Sailors plundered her of
the Money and Merchandize. Twelve of Lei
Indians , of feveral Places, were detained on board,
who informed Captain Davis, among others,
after he could a little undeftand them, that there
e was great Store of Precious Stones in the Ship,
hid under the Timber. How true it was, the
Captain could not fay : For the Flemmins would
not fuffer either him or Tomkins to go aboard the
Prize ; for Reafons beft known to themfelv'es.
The fifth of March , 1600, their Meat was 7^ v.nuah
poifoned, before it was ferved to them: But one
of the Crew tailing it by Chance, or Greedinefs,
(for it was frclh f dh) was prefently infecled,
which gave the Alarm. The Dofe was fuffici-
entlv ftrong ; for the Surgeon took almoft a Spoon¬
ful of Poifon a out of one L i»n : But this, iLe
Captain obferves, was not the firft 'Time, if the
Grieved would complain. 1 he tenth, they ieii
with Cape Bona Ejperanza, where they had a
• De Faria obferves, that Don Trancifco de Gama, two Days after cSfou°£ teUs us thl
rake in Fowl for the Voyage, becaufe all he had before were poifoned : On which Occ . A on
a common Practice in India, efpecially among the great ones.
111 to-
this was
262 Voyages of the Engl
1600. great Storm ; and the twenty-fix th, doubled the
Lancafter. fame.
The thirteenth of April, they anchored at the
//jr.He!ena Helena, which is rocky and mountainous,
lying in fixteen Degrees South. Here they found
good Water, Figs, and Fiih in Plenty, with
Goats, but hard to come at. The fifteenth, at
Sun-fet, a Caravel anchored a large Mulket-fhot
to Windward of them. She was utterly unpro¬
vided, not having one Piece mounted : They
fought with her all this Night, and gave her better
than two hundred Shot. For eight Hours fhe flood
the Brunt without making the leaft Return : But
by Midnight (he had gotten out fix ; which were
played upon them fo well, that their Ship was often
(hot through, and two of their Men flain. Where¬
upon, the fixteenth in the Morning, they depart¬
ed for the Ifle of Afcenfion, in eight Degrees South,
where they hoped to meet with Relief, many of
their Men being fick ; and arrived there the twen¬
ty-third.
ijle e/Afcen- This Me hath neither Wood, Water, nor
s h to the East Indies.
any green Thing upon it ; but is a fruitlefs green 1600.
Rock, of five Leagues broad. The twenty-fourth, Lancafter
they failed for Fernando Loronho, where they knew'—
they fhould find Relief ; having ftaid at this Me
ten W eeks outward bound. The fixth of May,
they arrived there ; and continued fix Days to
water and refrefti themfelves. The thirteenth,
they fhaped their Courfe for England: And the Arrive k
twenty-ninth of July , arrived at Middleburgh. Holland
Table ^/Latitudes.
St. Nichclas Me — 160 16' N.
Fernando Loronha — 4 00 S.
Saldanna Bay — — - 34 00
Das Agulios Cape — 35 00
St. Augujlin Bay — — 23 50
Maldivia Channel — 4 15 N.Var.i7°W.
Pulo Botum Mes — — 650
Tanaffiarin — - — - 11 20
Nikobar Mes — — — 8 00
St. Helena Me — — — 16 00 S.
Afcenfion — — — 8 00
BOOK III.
Firft Voyages of the English to the East
Indies, fet forth by the Company of Merchants.
CHAP. I.
*Ihe Voyage of Captain James 1 Lancafter, in the Tear 1600, being the firjl
made on Account of the Eaft India Company.
SECT. I.
Account of the Fleet and Officers . They come to the
Canaries. Calms , and Tornados. Take a Por-
tugueze Ship. Pafs the Line. The Men fall
fck. Bay of Saldanna. Remedy againjl the
Scurvy. The General's Care. Prudent Regu¬
lations. Plenty of Proviftons. The Cattle. The
Inhabitants.
*ybe Fleet and F | ^HE Merchants of London , in the Year 1600,
offiem. having joined together, and made a Stock
of leventy-two thoufand Pounds, to be employed
e in Ships and Merchandizes, for the Difcovery of
T rade in the Eaf Indies b, they bought, and fit¬
ted out four large Ships, ( 1.) the Dragon , of fix
hundred Tons, and two hundred and two Men,
Captain James Lancajler , General. (2.) The
He dor , of three hundred Tons, and one hundred
and eight Men, the Captain John Middleton ,
Vice-Admiral. (3.) Afcenfion, of two hun¬
dred and fixty Tons, and thirty-two Men ; in
which was ITilliam Brand , chief Governor, (4.)
f The Sufan of - Tons, and eighty-four Men ;
in which was John Hay ward , [Captain;] there
were likewife in each Ship three Merchants, who
3 Afterwards Sir James: He was one of the Company to whom the Patent was granted. b This Voy¬
age was fet on Foot purfuant to the Patent obtained from Queen Elizabeth the fame Year, as mentioned
before, p. 139. 3. The Relation containing fixteen Pages and a half, is inferted in Purchas's Pilgrims , Vol. 1.
p. 147, where we meet with a Series of the firfl Englijh Voyages to the Erf Indies , fet forth by the Com¬
pany for fevenn 1 eais fucceffively. Ve do not find the Name of the Author who wrote this Voyage; but it
appears from feveral Mages, that he was on board the Admiral. Captain John Davis, who went btfore with
the Dutch , was chief Pilot; and Captain Lancafter is the fame, who went to India with Captain Raymond in
1591, bee p. 235. * J
were
Voyages of the Engli
1 5 Oi, were to fucceed each other in cafe of Death. To a
iLancafter. thefe, the Guejl, a Ship of one hundred and thirty
j— — y J Tons, was added as a Victualler. This Fleet was
furniftied with Men, Victuals, and Ammunition,
for twenty Months; and carried in Merchandize
and Spamjb Money, to the Value of twenty-feven
thoufand Pounds: All the reft of their Stock was
laid out in the Purchafe and Equipment of the
Ships, in providing them with Neceffaries, and in
advancing or lending Money to the Mariners and
Sailors. Elizabeth having been applied to by the b
Owners, gave them her Letter of Commendation,
to divers Princes of India , offering to enter into
a League of Peace and Amity with them : And
becaufe no great ACtion can well be carried on
without an abfolute Authority, fhe granted the
General a Commiflion of Martial Law.
htj fet cut, These Ships departed from Woolwich the thir¬
teenth of February, 1600 ; but ftayed fo long in
the Thames and Downs for Want of Wind, that
it was Eajler before they arrived at Dartmouth ; c
where they fpent five or fix Days in taking in their
Bread, and other Provifions. From thence they
fet Sail the eighteenth of April, 1601, and put
into Torbay ; where the General fent aboard all
the Ships Inftru£tions for keeping Company at
Sea, and appointed the Places of Rendezvous, in
cafe of Separation by Storms, or other Accidents.
Thefe Places were the Calms of Canarie , the Bay
of Saldanna , (in cafe they could not double the
Cape of Good Hope) Cape St. Roman in Madagaf- <
kar, the Bland Cirne, [or Diego Rodrighues ] and
laftly, Sumatra , the firft of Trade.
ieCana- The twenty-fecond oi April, 1601, the Wind
«• proving fair, they departed for the Canaries ; and
the fifth of May , in the Morning, had Sight of
Alegranza, the Northermoft of thofe Blands :
But fleering their Courfe between Forteventura ,
and the Grand Canaria, on the South Part of
this laft, thinking to water, they fell into the
Calms, which proceed from the High-land along <
the Coaft. The feventh of May, about three,
Afternoon, they departed, the Wind at North-
Eaft ; and fleered South-Weft by South, and
South South-Weft, till thay came into twenty-
one and a half Degrees. From the eleventh to
the twentieth, their Courfe was for the mod
Part South, till they came into eight Degrees, the
Wind heing always Northerly and North-Eaft.
hi Calm In this Latitude they found the Calms and
d-Toma. contrary Winds, which upon the Coaft of Gut-
r* nea, at this Time of the Year, are very frequent ;
with fudden Gulls of Wind, Storms, Thunder,
and Lightning, very fearful to behold, and dan¬
gerous to the Ships. The Moment there appeared
the leaf! Alteration of this Sort in the Sky, all the
Sails were inftantly taken down : And yet many
Times, for all the Mailers Watchfulnefs, the
Changes were fo fudden, that the ill Effects could
s h to the East Indies. 263
hardly be prevented. From the twentieth of May, i6or.
till the one and twentieth of 'June, they lay, for Larcafler.
the moft Part, becalmed, and with contrary -v—— *
Winds at South; fo that with much ado, they
got into two Degrees North. Here fpying a Ship,
they chaced and took her. She belonged to Vi- a Por’
ana in Portugal, and came from Lisbon in Com- ff'"
pany with twoCaraks, and three Galleons, bound
for the Eajl Indies, which Ships fhe had loft at
Sea. The Galleons were fent to guard the Coaft,
1 and prevent other Nations from trading there.
The Englijh took out of her, an hundred and
forty-fix Butts of Wine, and an hundred threefcore
and fixteen Jars of Oil, befides twelve Barrels
thereof; and fifty-five Hogfheads of Meal. 1 his
Provifion, which was a great Help to them the
whole Voyage, the General diftributed impartial¬
ly among the Ships, to every one his Proportion.
The laft of June, the Wind being at South- Pfstbe
Eaft, about Midnight, they palled the Line, and L,ne‘
: loft Sight of the North Star. Then holding on
their Courfe South South- Weft, with a South-
Eaft Wind, they doubled Cape St. Augujline, at
about twenty-fix Leagues Diftance. July the
twentieth, they were (hot into nineteen Degrees
forty Minutes South, the Wind inlarging daily to
the Eaftward. Here they unloaded the Guejl ,
which carried the Victuals that the four Ships
could not receive in England : After which, they
took herMafts, Sails, and Yards, and broke down
1 her higher Buildings for Fire Wood, and fo left
her floating in the Sea. The twenty-fourth of
July, they paffed the Tropic of Capricorn , the
Wind being North-Eaft by North; holding their
Courfe Eaft South-Eaft. Now by Reafon of
their long Continuance under the Line, (occafi-
oned by their fetting out of England fix or feven
Weeks too late, to make a quick Voyage) many
of their Men fell fick. Therefore the twenty-
ninth of July, being in twenty-eight and a half
; Degrees, the General wrote a Direction to the
Governor of each Ship, to repair either to Solda-
nia, or St. Helena , for Refrefhing.
The firft of Augujl, they came into thirty The Mm fall
Degrees South, where they met with the South- M*
Weft Wind, to the great Comfort of all the Men :
For by this Time, many of them were fallen
fick of the Scurvy ; fo that all the Ships, except
the General’s, were fo thin of Men, that they
had fcarce enough to handle the Sails. This Wind
lafted till within two hundred and fifty Leagues
of the Cape Buena Efperanza, and then changed
to the Eaft. Thus it held fifteen or fixteen Days
to the great Affliction of the Men : For now the
few, who were well before, began alfo to fall fick ;
whence their Want of Hands was fo great, in
fome of the Ships, that the Merchants took their
Turns at the Helm, and went aloft to take in
the Top- fails, as the common Sailors did. But
264 V O Y A G E S of the E N G L I
]6oi. at length, a fair Wind coming about again, on a
Licafler. the ninth of September they reached Saldania :
' - - — «* Where the General advancing foremoft, came to
Bayf Sal- y\nchor^ an<} then lent his Boats to help the reft
of the Ships ; which were in fuch a weak Con¬
dition, that they were hardly able to let fall an
Anchor.
RtrreAy a- The General immediately went aboard them,
^”f tbe carrying a fufficient Number of Men with him,
ty' and hoifted out their Boats for them, which they
were not able to do of themfelves. The Reafon l
why his Crew were in better Health than thofe
of the other Ships, was owing to the Juice of
Lemons: Of which the General having brought
feme Bottles to Sea with him, he gave to each, as
long as it lufted, three Spoonfuls every Morning
fading ; not differing them to eat any thing after
it till Noon. This Remedy will have the better
Effect, if the Party keep to a fhort Diet, and
wholly refrain fait Meat ; which fait Meat, and be¬
ing Ions at Sea, is the only Caufe of this Difeafe. <
By this Means the General cured many of his
Men, and preferved the teft : So that although
his Ship contained double the Number of the reft,
yet he neither had fo many lick, nor loft fo many
Men as they did.
Tin General' i They were greatly cheared by this Care of
Ca,e • the General, who likewile went prefently on Land
to feek Refrefhments for them ; where, meeting
with certain of the Country People, he gave them
divers Trifles, as Knives, Pieces of old Iron, and ,
fuch like, making Signs to bring him Sheep and
Oxen : For he fpoke to them in the Cattles Lan¬
guage, which was never changed at the Confu-
lion of Babel , uflng Moath for Kine, and Baa
for Sheep ; which Lingua the People underftood
without any Interpreter. After he had difmifled
the People, very well contented with their Pre-
fents, and kind Ufage, Order was given, that cer¬
tain of every Ship’s Company fhould bring their
Sails on Land, to make Tents for the Tick Men ; (
alfo to raife Works for their Defence, againft any
Attempt of the Natives, in cafe they Ihould take
Difguft.
Prudent Re. The General preferibed alfo an Order for
xuisttom. Traffic with the People ; which was, that when¬
ever they came down with the Cattle, only five
or fix Men, appointed for that Purpofe, fhould
go to deal with them ; that the reft (which were
never to be under thirty Mufkets and Pikes) fhould
rot come near the Market by eight' or ten Score
[Yards] at leaft ; and fhould always ftand drawn
up in a Rank, with their Mufkets on their Refts,
to be ready againft all Accidents. This Order
was moil ftrictly obferved and kept, fo that no
Man durft go to fpeak to any of the Natives,
without fpecial Leave ; and the Author takes
this to be the Caufe why they lived in fo gre : t
F’riendfhip and Amity with them, contrary t »
2
s k to the East Indie s.
what had lately befallen the Hollanders, five or 1601,
fix of whole Men were flain by their Treachery. Lancafter
The third Day after their Arrival, the Peo-
pie brought down Beef and Mutton, which they
bought for Pieces of old Iron Hoops ; as, two Pieces
of eight Inches each for an Ox, and one Piece of
eight Inches for a Sheep; with which they feem-
cd to be well contented. In ten or twelve Days
they had of them a thoufand Sheep, and forty-
two Oxen, and might have been fupplied with
1 many more, if they had wanted them. Now,
within twelve Days, they ceafed to bring them any
more Cattle : After this, the People often came
to vifit them, and when the Englijl) made them
Signs for more Sheep, they would point to thofe
that had been bought; which the General caufed
to be kept grazing upon the Hills about their
Tents. For this Reafon, as the Englijh judged,
the Natives thought they would have fettled there,
and therefore brought them no more.
; These Oxen were full as big as the EnglifhyTbt Cattk
and very fat. Many of the Sheep were much
larger than the Englijh Breed, and the Flelh ex¬
ceeding good, fat and fweet ; and, to their think¬
ing, much better then our Mutton. The Peoples jr,ha.
of this Place are of a tawny Colour, and good^^u-
Stature ; fwift of Foot, and much given to
Healing : Their Words are all guttural, and they
cluck with their Tongues in fuch Sort, that in
feven Weeks, not one of the Englijh was able to
learn a fingle Word of their Language; and yet
the People would foon underftand any Sign they
made them.
During their Stay here, their Refrefhing was
fo good, that all the Men recovered their Health
and Strength, excepting four or five. Thefe, ad¬
ded to thofe they loft before their Arrival, a-
mounted to one hundred and five Men ; and yet
it was judged, the Remainder were ftrongerwhen
they left this Bay, than at their Departure from
England ; the Men were fo well inured to the
Southern Climates.
SECT. H.
Double the Cape of Good Hope. Madagafkar. The
Scurvy returns. St. Mary’x If and : The Inha¬
bitants. Bay of Antongil. They land and traf¬
fic. Caution ufed here. Deaths and Accidents.
If and Reque-Piz. Danger from Rocks. Ni-
kubar and Sombrero Ifiands. Strange Plant.
HE twenty-fourth of Ofiober, the Gene¬
ral caufed all the Tents to be taken down,
and the Men to repair aboard the Ships : Where
being fupplied with both Wood and frefih Water,
the twenty-ninth, they put to Sea, paffing out
of the Bay, by a fmall Ifland, that lies in the
Mouth thereof; which is exceeding full of Seals
and Penguines, fo that Ships might refreflt there.
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
160I. if there was no other Place for the Purpofe. Over a but none of them very commodious; yet, with 1601.
Uncarter, the Bay of Saldania, there ftandeth a very high fome Trouble, there is Water enough to be had. Lancafter
l— v-— 'Hill, flat like a Table, andiscalled. The Table : Besid es the Rice and Fruit above-mentioned, L'O/'NJ
Such another diilin£b Mark to find an Harbour
by, is not to be met with in all that Coaft ; for
it is eafily difcerned feventeen or eighteen Leagues
at Sea.
U of Sunday Morning, thefirft of November , they
;oo<i Hope. jol,hled the Cape of Buena Efperanza , having a
frcfh Gale at Weft North- Weft.
ladag*fk.r. The twenty- fixth, they fell with the Head- b
land of the Bland of St. Laurence , fomewhat to
theEaft of Cap tSebaJlian\ and being within five
Miles of the Shore, founded and found twenty-
five Fathom. The Variation of the Compafs
was little more or lefs than fixteen Degrees ; for
in an Eaft and Weft Courfe, the Knowledge of
the Variation helpeth much, efpecially in this
Voyage.
hi Scurvy From the twenty-fixth of November , till the
turm, fifteenth of December , they plied to Eaftward, as c
near as they could lie ; always ftriving to have
gotten to the Ifland of Cirne , which in fome
Cards is called Diego Rodrigues : But after, com¬
ing to the Ifland of St. Laurence , they ftill found
the Wind at Eaft, and Eaft South-Eaft, and Eaft
North-Eaft, lb that they could not fetch it ; and
to ftrive long, in Hopes of Change of Winds,
might have been of bad Confequence, fince the
Men began again to fall fick of the Scurvy.
However, the Captain of the Vice-Admiral hav- d
ing adviled the General to put into the Bay of
Antongile , in order to remove that Difeafe with
Oranges and Lemons ; the fame was approved on
by him and Council called for that Purpofe.
!•. Mary’i The feventeenth, they had Sight of the
latid. Southermoft Part of St. Mary ; and next Day,
having anchored between that Ifiand and St. Lau¬
rence , they fent their Boats a-land to the former,
where they had Store of the above-mentioned
Fruit. But while they rode here, there arofe fo e
great a Storm, that three of their Ships were dri¬
ven from their Anchors : It continued fixteen
Hours, after which the Ships returned, and weigh¬
ed their Anchors again.
ibabitanti. This Ifland of St. Mary is high Land, and
full of Woods. The People are black, the Men
very handfome and tall : They have curled Hair,
only before in their Foreheads they ftroke it up, as
the Women do in England : So that it ftandeth
fome three Inches upright. They go quite naked, f
only covering their privy Parts ; are eafy to con-
verfe with, yet feem to be very valiant. Moft
of their Food is Rice, and fome Fifh ; yet they
could get but a fmall Quantity of the former, for
the Time of their Store was far fpent, and Har-
veft was at hand. There are two or three wa¬
tering Places on the North Part of the Ifland,
VoL. I. N° 12.
nothing was to be had, except a fmall Quantity
of Goats Milk : They faw only one Cow, and
that the People drove away, as foon as they per¬
ceived the Englijh to land. Seeing, therefore,
that there was fo little Refrefhing to be had, and
the Place fo dangerous to ride in, the General
gave Order to fail forthwith to the Bay of An¬
tongile ; the Time of the Year being fpent, the
eafterly Winds come againft them, and the Men
fick.
The twenty-third of December , they left St. Bay cf An-
Mary's^ and the twenty-fifth, entering the Bayton6‘h
of Antongile , came to Anchor in eight Fathom
Water, between a fmall Ifland, lying in the Bot¬
tom of the Bay, and the Main, a very good and
fafe Road: But the beft Riding is under the fmall
Ifland ; for during their Stay here, there blew an
exceeding great Storm, and thofe which rode
neareft the fmall Bland, being under the Wind,
fped beft : For two of the Ships drove, with three
Anchors, a-head, the Ground being oozy, and
not firm. On landing in the little Ifland, they
found, by a Writing upon the Rocks, that five
Holland Ships had been there about two Months
before ; and that by Sicknefs they had loft one
hundred and fifty, or two hundred Men, while
they rode in that Place.
The Day after, landing in the main Ifland, Tbeylarui
the People prefently repaired to them, and by an*
Signs informed them of the five Holland Ships,
and that they had bought the moft Part of their
Provifion : However they entered into Barter
with the Englijh for Rice and Hens, Oranges and
Lemons, and another Fruit, called Plantans ;
but held all at high Rates, and brought but a
Pedlar’s Quantity. Their Market was near a
great River, into which they went in their Boats :
Thofe appointed to be Buyers landed ; the reft re¬
mained in the Boats fifteen or twenty Yards off,
where the Natives could not come at them, al¬
ways ready, with their Weapons in their Hands,
to take-in thofe who were afhore, if Occafion
were. They trifled away fome Days, before
they could bring the People to deal ; For all thefe
of the South and Eaft Parts are very fubtil in
buying and felling ; fo that unlefs you hold a ftridl
Hand with them, you (hall hardly bring them to
trade at all. For they will lift you continually
to give a little more; and if you comply, none
will fell afterwards under that Price : So that
Care muft be taken not to give more to one
than another.
The General feeing this, commanded Mea- Caution vfid
fures to be made of (almoft) a Quart, and ap- hcrt'
pointed how many Glafs Beads Ihould be given
M m ’ for
266 Voyages «/ ^ English to the East Indies.
1601. for every Meafti re a. The like Order was fent
Lancafter. down with refpe£l to Oranges, Lemons, and
t“—“V“*-';PIantans : The Number to be given for every
Bead was fixed ; nor were they to deal on other
Terms. The Merchants, after a little holding off,
confented, and their Dealing was frank, with¬
out any Dilpute or Words. They bought here
fifteen Tons and a Quarter of Rice ; forty or fifty
Bufhels of their Peafe and Beans; great Store of
Oranges, Lemons, and Plantans ; and eight
Beeves, with many Hens. While they rode in
this Bay, they reared a Pinnace of eighteen Tons,
brought out of England in Pieces : And cutting
down Trees, (which grew there in abundance)
fawed them into Boards, and fheathed her. She
was of Ufe to go before the Ships, at their Arri¬
val in India.
Deaths and In this Bay, there died out of the General’s
Aca dents, t|-je Mafter-Mate, the Preacher, and the
Surgeon, with ten common Men ; out of the
Vice-Admiral, the Matter and two others; and
out of the Ajcenficn , by a very great Mifchance,
were (lain the Captain, and the Boatfwain’s Mate.
For when the Mailer’s Mate, out of the Dragon ,
was carrying afhore to be buried, the Captain of
the Afcenfion took his Boat to attend the Cere¬
mony ; and as it is the Cuflom at Sea, to dif-
charge certain Pieces of Ordnance at the Inter¬
ment of any Officer, the Gunner {hot off three
Guns, and the Bullets being in them, one flruck
the Afcenjion Boat, and killed the Captain, and
the Boatfwain’s Mate : So that thofe two, who
went to fee the Burial of another, were both bu¬
ried there themfelves. The Diftemper which
the /eft died of, was the Flux, which (in the
Author’s Opinion) was occafioned by the Wa¬
ters they drank : For it being Winter, when
it rained very much, the Country was overflowed ;
fo that the W aters were not wholefome, as they
rarely are in thefe hot Climates, during the Rains.
This Difeafe is often catched alfo by going open,
and cold in the Stomach ; which the Men would
often do when they were hot.
ijlattj The Ships left this Bay the fixth of March ,
Rcque-Piz. and the fixteenth fell with an Ifland called Roque-
Piz , in ten Degrees thirty Minutes South :
Hither the General fent his Boat to look for a
Road, bu.t file found (for the moft Part) deep
W ater, where the Ships could not fafely ride.
In coafting this Ifland, it appeared very fair and
pleafant, exceeding full of Fowl, and Cocoa Nut-
trees : And there came a fragrant Smell from
Shore, as if it had been a Garden of Flowers.
If there be any good Riding for Ships in this
a Ifland, it muft needs be a Place of very great Re- 1602
frefhing: For as the Boats went near the Land, Lancafte
they faw abundance of Fifti ; and the Fowls came
flying about them in fuch Sort, that with the
Oars the Sailors killed many, which were the
fatteft and the beft they had tailed all the Voyage;
befides, fo very numerous, as to have ferved
many more Ships than they had with them.
The thirtieth of March , 1602, being in fix Dangerfr
Degrees South, they happened upon a Ledge o{Rrjck,‘
b Rocks ; looking overboard, and feeing them un¬
der the Ship b, above five Fathom deep, they
were much amazed, the Accident was fo fudden
and unexpected : But prefently, as they tacked
about, they found eight Fathom ; and fo held on
their Courfe Eaft. One of the Men from the
Top faw an Ifland to the South-Eaft, five or fix
Leagues off, being but low Land : This they
judged to be Candu , although, by Eftimation, they
were not (hot fo far to the Eaftward. Thirteen
c or fourteen Leagues beyond this, they fell upon
another Flat of Rocks. Then calling about to
Southward, and failing fome twelve Leagues far¬
ther, found other Rocks : So that examining di¬
vers Ways, they difcovered Flats of Rocks round
about them, with twenty or thirty, and in fome
Places forty and fifty Fathom Water in the midft
of them. Here they were for two Days and an
half in exceeding Danger, and could find no
Way to extricate themfelves. But at laft they
d refolved to fail Northward, and in fix Degrees
forty-three Minutes found fix Fathom Water.
The Pinnace always went before founding, with
Orders to make Signs what Depth fhe had, that
they might follow her.
Being delivered out of this Difficulty, they/y/Wis/
held on their Courfe with variable Winds, tillNikul>arj
the ninth of May , about four in the Afternoon,
they had Sight of the Iflands of Nikuhar , and
bearing in, anchored on the North-Side of the
e Channel : But the Wind changing to the Souths
Weft, they were forced to heave their Anchors,
and remove over to the South-Side, under a fmall
Bland, that lies near the Shore. Here they met
with very little Refrelhments, except frefti Water,
and fome Cocoa-Nuts t Yet the People came a-
board in long Canoes, each of which would hold
twenty Men or more, and brought Gums to fell
inlleadof Amber, whereby feveral were deceived ;
for thefe Eaftern People are wholly given to De-
f ceit. They brought alfo Hens and Cocoa-Nuts to
fell, but held them fo very dear, that but few were
bought. They flayed here ten Days placing their
Ordnance, and trimming their Ships, that they
a The Want of this Kind of Regulation was a great Obftru&ion to the Virginia Plantation. While fome
through Neceffity, and others through Bounty, giving more than the reft, raifed the Price of Things to excef-
&ye Rates.. Purchase b This probably was the Dragon.
might
i6o2.
lancafter.
KVV
Som-
:ro.
sng
w.
Voyages o/' the Engli
might be in Readinefs on their Arrival at their
firft Port, which was not far off.
The twentieth of April, in the Morning, they
fet Sail for Sumatra , but were hindred by the Cur¬
rents and the Wind, which blew hard at South
South-Weft. Thus beating up and down, the
Ships fprung two Leaks, which forced them to
go to the Ifland of Sombrero a, ten or twelve
Leagues Northward of Nikubar : Here, fays the
Author, we in the Admiral loft an Anchor ; the
Ground being fo foul, (incumbered with a-
bundance of counterfeit Coral, and fome Rocks)
that it cut their Cable. The People of thefe
Iflands go naked, having only the Privities wrap¬
ped up in a Piece of Linen ; which cometh a-
bout their Middles like a Girdle, and fo between
their Legs. They are all of a tawny Complexion,
and paint their Faces with divers Colours. They
are well limbed, but very fearful ; for none of
them would go aboard the Ships, or even the
Boats. The General reported, that he had feen
fome of their Priefts, or Sacrificers, who wore
Garments, but fitted as clofe to their Bodies, as
if they had been fewed up in them : Upon their
Heads was a Pair of Horns turning backwards,
which, as well as their Faces, were painted green,
black, and yellow ; and behind them, a Tail
hanging down, much in the fame Manner, that
the Devil is painted in England. Demanding
why they went in that Attire : Anfwer was made
him, that in fuch Form the Devil appeared to
them in their Sacrifices ; and therefore the Priefts
his Servants were fo apparelled b.
This Ifland is full of Trees, which for their
Tallnefs, Greatnefs, and Streightnefs, will ferve
the biggeft Ship for Mailing. Here upon the
Sands, by the Shore, they found a fmall Twig
growing, which in Time comes to be a Tree;
and offering to pluck it up, it fhrunk down into
the Ground, and finketh deep, unlefs you hold
very hard. Being plucked up, a Worm is the
Root of it : And in Proportion as the T ree grow-
eth, the Worm diminifheth ; till at length being
wholly converted into the Tree, this latter takes
Root, and grows to be large. This Transforma¬
tion was one of the ftrangeft Wonders, faith the
Author, that I ever faw in all my Travels : For
this Tree being plucked up when it was little,
the Leaves ftripped off, and the Rind, by the
Time it was dry, turned into an hard Stone,
much like to white Coral : So that this Worm
was twice transformed into different Natures c :
Of thefe they gathered, and brought home many.
s h to the East Indies.
a
SEC T. ill.
They arrive at Achin, or Alhcy. Are well receiv¬
ed, The General lands , and goes to Court. Is
admitted to Audience. Delivers the Ahieen s Pre-
fent. Is feajled by the King , and other-wife ho¬
noured. Treaty of Amity approved of. Confe¬
rence with the Miniflers on the Affair of Trade .
The General' s Reafons for a League ; and Demands
j for Trade. The Englilh taken under Protection.
All their Demands granted. Articles of Peace.
They fall to lade Pepper. Miflake about the
Price. Portugueze Ambaffador mortified.
TH E twenty-ninth of May , leaving Som- Arrive at
brero , the fecoild of June , they had Sight
of Sumatra , and the fixth anchored in the Road
of Achen , about two Miles from the City ; where
they found lixteen or eighteen Sail of divers Na¬
tions, fome of Bengala , others of Kalikut , called
c Malabar s \ Guzerats , Pegus , and Pa tans. There
came aboard them two Holland Merchants, who
had been left to learn the Language and Manners
of the Country. Thefe told them, they fhould
be very welcome to the King, who was defirous
to entertain Strangers ; and that the Queen of
England was renowned in thofe Parts, on Ac¬
count of the great Victories which fhe had ob¬
tained againft the King of Spain. The fame Day
the General fent Captain Middleton , with four or
d five Gentlemen to attend him, to wait on the
King, and inform him, that he was fent from
the General of thofe Ships, who had a Meffage
and Letter from the moft famous Queen of
England , to the moft worthy King of Achen and
Sumatra. He was alfo to defire to know, if it
was his royal Majefty’s Pleafure to give the faid
Meffenger Audience, to deliver his Meffage and
Letter ; with a fafe Condudl for himfelf and his
People, according to the known Law of Na-
e tions.
The Captain was very kindly entertained by An w.v
the King, who gladly granted his Requeft, and received,
afked him many Queftions : After which, he
caufed a Banquet to be made for him ; and at his
Departure gave him a Robe and Calico Turban 4
wrought with Gold, which is a Mark of fpecial
Favour here. As to the General, his Will was*
that he fhould flay one Day aboard his Ships, to
reft himfelf after the Fatigue of the Seas ; and
f the next land, to receive his Audience : That he
might venture with as great Security, as if he were
in the Kingdom of the Queen his Miftrefs : But
a So called, becaufe on the South-End of the largeft Ifland (for there is a Clufler of them} there is a Hill
that refembles the Top of an Umbrella. b 'Phis muft be fome Invention or Miflake of Lancajler , for
Want of the Language. c This mufl be a mere Fi&ion ; which might take its Rife front Coral, grow¬
ing accidently upon Shell-fifh. d In Punhas Tuck, by ethers Tuke.
Mm?,
that
s6 8 Voyages c/ //^English to the E a s t Indies.
1602. that if he doubted his royal Word, Pledges fhould
Ls'c-sflcr. be Tent him to his full Satisfaction.
The third Day the General went on Shore,
land?Cntra1 accornPan*ed with about thirty Attendants. At
his landing the Holland Merchants met him, and
conducted him to their Houfe, as it was appoint¬
ed ; for he would take no Houfe of his own, till
he had fpoken with the King. Soon after, a
Nobleman coming, faluted the General very po-
litelv, and having declared, that he. came from
his Maiefty, demanded the Queen’s Letter. This
the General refufed to comply with, faying, it
was the Privilege of Ambafladors, in thofe Parts
of the World from whence he came, to deliver
their Letters to the Princes themfelves, and not
to any who reprefented their Perfons. Hereupon
the Nobleman deli red to fee the Superfcription,
which he read, and copied : He wrote alfo the
Queen’s Name, and looked very earneftly upon
the Seal ; after which, he, with great Courtefy,
took his Leave, to make Report of what had c
paffed .
Goeito Presently the King fent fix great Ele-
Court' phants, with many Trumpets, Drums, and
Streamers, alfo a confiderable Number of People
to accompany the General to Court; fo that the
Prefs was exceeding great. The biggeft of the
Elephants was about thirteen or fourteen Foot
high, and had a fmall Caftle, like a Coach, up¬
on his Back, covered with crimfon Velvet. In
the middle thereof, was a great Gold Bafon, co- d
vered with a Piece of Silk, exceeding richly
wrought, under which the Queen’s Letter was
put. The General was mounted upon another
of the Elephants. Some of his Attendants rode,
others went a-foot : But when he came to the
Court Gate, there a Nobleman flayed him, till
he went in to know the King’s further Pleafure ;
but prefently returning, defired the General to
enter.
Admitted to ' W h e n he came into the King’s Prefence, he <
Audience. made his Reverence, after the Manner of the
Country ; declaring that he was fent from the
moft mighty Queen of England , to congratulate
his Highnefs, and enter into a Treaty with him,
of Peace and Amity. As he was going on with
his Difcourfe, the King interrupted him, faying,
I am fure you are weary with the long Journey
you have taken, I would have you fit down to
refrelh yourfelf: You are very welcome, and
fhall have whatfoever you can in Reafon demand,
for your Miftrefs’s Sake; for Ihe is worthy of
all Kindnefs and flncere Dealing, being a Prin-
cefs of noble Difpofitions, for fo much Fame
fpeaketh of her.
Deimtn The General perceiving the King’s Mind,
the Queens prefented him the Queen’s Letter, which he rea-
Prcjent. jjjy received, and delivered the fame to a No¬
bleman Handing by him. Then the General
1 made a Tender of the Prefent, which was a Ba- 1602.
fon of Silver, with a Fountain in the midft, Lancafter.
weighing two hundred and five Ounces ; a great
Handing Cup of Silver ; a rich Looking-glafs ;
an Head-peice, with a Plume of Feathers; a Cafe
of very fair Daggs ; a rich embroidered Belt, to
hang a Sword in ; and a Fan of Feathers. All
thefe were received by a Nobleman of the Court:
Only the King took the Fan into his own Hand,
and caufed one of his Women to fan him there-
b with, as the Thing, which among thofe of the
Prefent, pleafed him moft.
The General then having again feated him -hfeaftedb
felf on tire Ground, as the Manner is, a very K,r&'
great Banquet was ferved up. All the Difhes
were either of pure Gold, or another Metal, in
great Eftimation among them, called Tambayk ,
being a Mixture of Gold and Brafs. During this
Entertainment, the King, as he fat aloft in a
Gallery, about a Fathom from the Ground,
drank often to the General in a Wine which they
call Rack. This Liquor is made of Rice, and is
as ftrong as any of our Aquavitae : A little fuf-
fices to fet one afleep. The General perceiving
the Strength of it, after the firft Draught, with
the King’s Leave, drank either Water alone, or
mixed therewith.
The Feaft being over, the King fent for his^ 5f^r.
Damofels to come and dance, and his Womenw^to
to play on Muftck to them. Thefe Women
were richly attired, and adorned with Bracelets
and Jewels : This is reckoned an extraordinary
Favoqr, for they are not ufually feen of any, but
fuch as the King would greatly honour. T he
King gave the General a fine white Robe of Ca¬
lico, richly wrought with Gold ; and a very
fair Girdle of Turkey Work, and two Creftes,
which are a Kind of Daggers ; all which a No¬
bleman put on in the King’s Prefence. In this
Manner he was difmified, with very great Cour-
: tefies, and one fent along with him to make
Choice of a Houfe in the City, where the Gene¬
ral fhould think moft convenient: But at this
Time he declined the Favour, and rather chofe
to go aboard his Ships ; leaving the King to con-
fider of the Queen’s Letter.
• Next Time the General went to Court, h CTrectycf
had a long Conference with the King, concern- mpeffn
ing the fame; wherewith the King feemed to be?'*
very well pleafed, faying, that if the Contents
f came from the Heart, he had goodCaufe to think
well thereof; that for the Leaghe her Majefty
was defirous to make with him, he was very
willing to concur : Laftly, that as to the De¬
mands relating to Trade, he had given two of
his Nobles Orders to confer with him thereon ;
and promifed that what her Majefty had requeft-
ed, fhould be granted. With this fatisfa&ory
Anfwer, after another Banquet, the General de¬
parted ;
Voyages of the Engli
1602. parted; and next Day Tent to thofe Noblemen,
,ancaft'r. the King had named to him, to know their Time
the Conference. One of them was the chief
Bifhop of the Realm, a Man well deferving of
the great Efteem which both the King and Peo¬
ple had for him, for he was very wife and tem¬
perate. The other was one of the antient No¬
bility, a Perfon of much Gravity, but not fo fit
for tranfa&ing Bufinefs as the Bifhop.
nfirenceon The Parties having met at the Timeappoint-
jie. ed, Matters were talked over betwixt them.
The Conference was held in Arabic , which both
the Bifhop and Nobleman underftood very well.
On this Occafion a Jew , brought from England ,
who fpoke that Language perfe&ly, was of great
Service to the General. This latter having made
feveral Demands, touching the Freedoms for
the Merchants ; the Bifhop afked him what Rea-
fons he had to offer that might induce the King
to grant them : Whereupon the General alledg-
ed the following ; the Queen’s Affe&ion and
if Cf^j/’jjrriendfhip ; her Worthinefs, in protecting o-
-jff a thers againft the King of Spain % the common
Enemy in thefe Parts ; her noble Mind in refu-
fing the Offer of thofe Countries b ; that file did
not fuffer any Prince to exceed her in Kindnefs ;
that her Forces had gained many Victories over
the Spaniards , and hindered the Portuguese At¬
tempts againft thofe Parts ; that the Grand Sig¬
nor of Turkey had already entered into League
with her Majefty on honourable Conditions. The
General next laid down Reafons, drawn from
the Advantages arifing from Commerce : He al-
ledged that the King could not but be fenfible
of the Profperity which Trade brought upon
all Countries, and the Increafe that accrued to
the Revenues of the feveral Princes, by the Cuf-
toms of Commodities ; that Sovereigns grew re¬
nowned and formidable, in Proportion to the
Wealth of their SubjeCfs, which augmented by
Commerce; that the more kindly Strangers were
entertained, the more Trade flourifhed, and con-
fequently the Prince became more rich.
fcdtmandt That with regard to A chin in particular,
or%ctt. the Port lay well for the Trade of Bengala ,
Java , the Alolukkcs , and China ; which Coun¬
tries having Vent for their Merchandize, would
not fail to refort thither with them: That by
this Means, as the King’s Power would improve,
the Trade of the Portuguese , and their great
Strength in the Indies , would gradually diminifh :
'{'hat in cafe his Majefty fhouid want any Arti¬
ficers, he might have them out of England , on¬
ly fatisfying them for their Voyage, and allow¬
ing them free Liberty to return when they
thought fit : That any other Neceftary which
the King’s
not
s h to the EastIndies.
a his Country afforded, fhouid be at
Service: Prefuming that his Majefty would
demand any thing that the Queen could not
with Pleafure confent to, or that fhouid be con¬
trary, either to her Honour, the Laws, or her
Leagues with Chrijiian Princes.
The General demanded farther, that his7Z* Enpli/h
Majefty would caufe immediate Proclamation^"-9"^*
to be made, that none of his People fhouid abufe
any of the Englijh ; but that they might carry
b on their Bufinefs peaceably : And this laft Re-
queft was fo effectually granted, that although
his SubjeCts were ftriCtly prohibited to walk by
Night ; yet the Englijh might go both Night and
Day, without Interruption ; only if any of them
were found abroad at unlawful Hours, the Juf-
tice brought them home to the General’s Houfe,
and there delivered them.
The Conference being ended, the Bifhop de¬
fined the General to let him have a Memoran-
c dum in Writing, of his Reafons, and the Privi¬
leges he demanded in the Queen’s Name, for the
Merchants, in order to fhew to the King ; tel¬
ling him, that within few Days, he fhouid
have hisMajefty’s Anfwer. After this fome Dif-
courfe puffed, relating to the Affairs of Chri/len-
dom ; and then with much Congratulation they
broke up for that Time.
Hav ing taken Care to fend his Demands, TBeir De-
(which were partly drawn up before-hand) to themjm,s Srarlt~
d Noblemen, the next Time he went to Court, as^‘
he fat before the King, looking at Cocks fighting
(which was one of the chief Diverfions of that
Monarch) he fent his Interpreter with his Obei-
fance to his Majefty, defiring him to be mindful
of the Bufinefs, about which he had conferred
with his Noblemen. Hereupon the King called
the General, and told him, that he was careful
of his Difpatches, and would willingly enter in¬
to Peace with her Majefty ; faying, that on 1 1 is
e Part it fhouid be inviolably kept ; that as for the
Demands and Articles he had fet down in Wri¬
ting, they fhouid all be drawn up fair by one of
his Secretaries, and authorized by himfelf. Ac¬
cordingly within five or fix Days, they were de¬
livered to the General by the King’s own
Hand, accompanied with many kind and graci¬
ous Expreftions.
As it would be tedious to infert the Articles of
Peace at length, it may fuffice to obfervt
f to the Englijh were granted, firft,. that they fhouid
have free Entry and Trade fecondly, that their
Goods fhouid be Cuftotn -free, whether imported
or exported; and that they fhouid be afllfted with
the Veffels of Achin, to fave their Ships, Com¬
modities, and Men from Wreck, in cafe of Dun-
Articlei of
that Pteu.
2 The King of Spain was then alfo King of Portugal , and confequently of their PofTeffions in the Indie;,.
That is, Spain and Portugal. This maft allude 10 her rejecting the Propofols of Marriage from King Philip.
■ I get 3,
'2jc Voyages of the Engl
1602. gcr ; thirdly, that they {hould have Liberty to a
T^ar carter, make Wills, and bequeath their Effedds to whom
\Z“V“NJ they plealed ; fourthly, that all Bargains {hould
be confirmed, and Orders granted for Payment,
by the Subjects of Achin ; fifthly, that they {hould
have Authority to execute Juftice on their own
Men offending ; fixthly, that they {hould have
Juftice againft the Natives, for Injuries done
them ; feventhly, that their Goods {hould not
be flopped, nor Prices fet on them; eighthly,
that they {hould be allowed Liberty of Confer¬
ence.
tty fall to This League of Peace and Amity being fet-
:iadt Pepper. tje{^ the Merchants went continually to provide
Pepper for lading the Ships ; but there came in
hut fmall Store, on account of the laft Year’s
.Sterility : Wherefore underftanding by fome of
the Natives, that at a Port called Priaman , about
an hundred and fifty Leagues from thence, in
the South Part of the Bland, they might lade
one of their fmaller Ships, they fent the Sufati
thither, appointing Mr. Henry Middleton Captain
and chief Merchant in her.
Miflaie about Th e y were alfo not a little grieved, that Cap-
t-be Price, tain John Davis, their principal Pilot, had told the
Merchants before their coming from London ,
that Pepper was to be had here for four Spanijh
Rials of eight, the hundred ; whereas it coft them
almoft twenty. The General on this Account
was perplexed how to lade the Ships, fo as to fave
his own Credit, preferve the Efteem of the Mer¬
chants who employed him, and keep up the Re¬
putation of his Country ; confidering how dif-
graceful it would appear in the Eyes of the neigh¬
bouring Nations, if they {hould return empty
Portugueze from the Indies. Befides, the Portuguese Am-
nortiftdd°r bafiador watched over every Step they took, al¬
though he was no way acceptable to the King :
For having, the laft Time of his being at the
Court, afked Leave to fettle a Fadiory, and build
a Fort at the Entrance of the Harbour ; under
Pretence of fecuring the Merchants Goods, be-
caufe the City was fubjedd to Fire, the King
perceiving his Drift, gave him this Anfwer: Hath
your Majler (faith he) a Daughter to give my Son,
that 'he is fo careful of the Prefervaticn of my
Country ? He need not be at the Charge of building
a Fort ; for I have a fit Houfe within Land , about
two Leagues from this City , which I will fpare
him for the TJfe of his Fadiory, where they may dwell
without Fear either of Enemies or Fire ; for 1 will
protedl them. The King was much difpleafed at
the Infolence of the Demand, and the Ambafla-
dor went from Court much difeontented.
SECT. IV. *
An Indian Spy fent by the Portugueze. Difcovers
the Ambajfador's Deftgns. The General on his
' 3
ish to the East Indies.
Guard. Is fent for by the King, and acquaints i(jo2,’
him with the Intrigue. The King frufl rates it. Lancafler.
The General makes a new Requefi , and gets the
Ambajfador detained. A Ship taken. Caution
to prevent pillaging. Richnefs of the Prize . A
Water-Spout.
SHORTLY after this, there came to their Indian
Houfe an Indian (to fell Hens) belonging to%*
a Portugueze Captain, who came with a Cargo
of Rice, from the Port of Bengala. As this
Captain lay in the Ambaflador’s Houfe, the Ge¬
neral miftrufted the Indian came only for a Spy :
However he ordered that he {hould be well ufed,
and that they {hould always buy his Hens, giving
him a handfome Price. At laft the General
took Occalion to talk with him, alking whence
he came, and what Country he was of ; faying,
a young Man of his Prefence merited fome better
Employment , than buying and felling Hens. Sir,
replied the Indian , 1 ferve this Portugueze Cap¬
tain, yet am neither bound nor free , although I
was free born : For I have been with him fo long ,
that now he partly reckons me his own ; and thofe
of his Nation are fo powerful , that we cannot con¬
tend with them.
THEN, faid the General, if thy Liberty be Difcotert ri
precious unto thee , thy Perfon dejerveth it. But Ocfigm
what wouldjl thou do for him , who Jhould give
thee thy Liberty , and fave thee the Trouble of plead¬
ing with thy Mafer for it ? Sir , anfwered the
Indian , Freedom is as precious as Life, and my
Life I would venture for him that Jhould do me that
Kindnefs ; put me therefore upon any Service that
I can do for you , and my Willingnefs Jhall foon make
good my Words. Well, faid the General, thou hajl
urged me to prove whether thou meanejl fincerely
or not. I would then ask thee , what the Ambajfador
faith of me and my Shipping ? And what he hath in
View ? Sir, faid the Indian, he hath had a Spy a-
board all your Ships, a Chinefe, who continually
keeps Company with your People ; fo that he hath a
Draught, not only of your Ships , and their Bulk ,
but alfo of every Piece of Ordnance each hath ,
and how they are placed, with the Number of Hands
that are on board ; he finds your Ships Jlrong , and
well appointed , but that by reafon of the Sicknefs ,
they are weak of Men , and eafy to be taken with
a fmall Force, by Surprize ; accordingly , in a few
Days, he deftgns to fend his Draughts to Malak-
ka, in order to obtain fuch Force to attempt your
Ships as they ride.
The General laughed heartily to hear thefe^Por-
Things, faying. The Ambajfador was not fo ridicu- tueze
lous, as he reprefented him : For he well knows , that lIador‘
care little for all the Forces they have in thefe Parts
It is but to make thee , and the rejl about him be
lieve, that they are Jlronger then they really ar
But go thy Way , and be here once or twice a Da>
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
271
1 1602. °nd me whether the Ambaffador proceeds in his
iLar.cafter. Defign , and when the Meffengers are to depart with
!— n\i^m,lthe Draughts thou fpeakeji off. And although it
will benefit me but little to know thefie Things , yet 1
will give thee thy Liberty fior thy good Will.
-be Central The Indian went away very v/ell contented,
1 bit Guard. as was vifible by his Countenance, and the Quick-
nefs of his Pace. When he was gone, the Ge¬
neral Paid, IVe have met with a fit Man to betray
his Mafier , if we can make any Benefit of the
Treafon. Nor was he deceived in his Opinion :
For by this Means, whatever the Ambaflador did
all the Day, they were fure to have it cither that
Night or next Morning. And the Fellow carried
the Matter fo warily, that neither any of the Am-
baflador’s Houfe, nor of the Englijh themfelves,
knew what he came about : For he had all the
necefTary Qualifications of a Spy, being fufpici-
ous, crafty, cautious, and fubtil, never trufl-
ing any to hear what Difcourfe he had with the
General ; but delivered his Mind to him alone,
and that in fuch a carelefs Manner, as if he had
anfwered the General’s Queflions innocently, and
without Defign : For he flood in Fear of the
Englijh , left they fhould betray the Secret of his
coming to fell Hens, which ferved to colour his
going to their Houfe.
irt fir by Next Day the General was fent for to Court,
* Ktrg. where the King difeourfed with him, about an
Ambaffage that he of Siam had fent him, touch¬
ing the Conquefl of Malakka ; and what Forces
he would afllfl him with by Sea, if he undertook
that Service : For the King of Sumatra is able to
fit out a great Number of Galleys, provided lie
hath four or five Months Warning before-hand.
This Propofal the General feconded with many
Reafons ; and took Occafion to mention how in-
folently the Spanijh Ambaflador carried himfelf :
And that his coming was only as a Spy, to dis¬
cover the Strength of his Kingdom. I know it
well, (faid the King) for they are Enemies of
mine, as I have been to them : But how came
you to know fo much ?
ilU him the Th e General anfwered, that the Ambaflador
'tr'Zue‘ had planted Spies about him, to obferve all his
Adlions, and pry into his Defigns : Among other
Things, that he had gotten a Draught of his Ships,
with Intent to fend it to Malakka , and pro¬
cure Force from thence to fet upon them una¬
wares. The King fmiled to hear the General
talk at this rate, and faid : Thou necdejl not fear
any Danger from that Quarter : For all the Strength
they have at Malakka is not able to do thee any harm.
The General anfwered, 1 do not fear their Strength
as to what they can do to me : But it may prevent my
Attempts againjl them: For if they fhoulcl have No--
tice of the Time I mean to go to Sea , they will be
fure to keep within their Ports ; fo that I Jhall not
be able to come at them . Is it fo , faid the King ?
a Tea^ faid the General, and therefore 1 would in - 1602.
treat your Majefly , to detain two of the Ambaffa- Lancafter.
dors Servants , who., within three Days , fet out fory~*0mV~mt*
Malakka, taking their Way , not direfly from bencey
but by another Port of yours ; where they are to hire
a Bark fior the Purpofe , becaufe they may be fure
not to be intercepted : And if your Majefly arrejl
them there , you Jhall be privy to fome of their Plots
and Defigns.
WELL , faid the King, let me know of their Which th*
b Departure from hence , and thou fhalt fee what IK,ng fruP
zv ill do for thee. The General took his Leave tr‘3t“'
very well pleafed ; and having learned the Secret
from his Hen-Merchant, apprifed the King there¬
of. The Time being come, that the Ambafla--
dor’s two Servants were to depart with the
Draughts, and their Mailer’s Letters, they went
to a Port about twenty-five Leagues from Achen. ;
where, having hired their Paflage, they embark¬
ed : But as they were going over the Bar, a Mile
Frigate
went after them, and
from the City, a
caufed their Bark to lower their Sails, that the
Juflice might fee their Lading. As foon as he
got on board, perceiving the two Portugueze , he
afked them, whence they came, and whither they
were going ? They anfwered, they came from
Achen , and belonged to the Portugueze Ambaffa--
dor. Nay, faid the Juflice, but you have robbed
your Mailer, and run away like Thieves with his
Goods ; therefore I will fend you back to hirn to
anfwer for yourfelves. In the Hurly-burly, and
fearching of them, they loll their Draughts and
Letters : Their Trunks alfo were broken open ;
and they fent bound to Achen , to be delivered to
the Ambaflador, in cafe they belonged to him.
The General had fome Intelligence of what Tie General
had palled; and the next Time he went toalaTm<t’
Court, the King called to him and faid : Now,
what fayeflthou, art thou contented ? The Ge¬
neral made him Obeifance, and gave him hearty
Thanks for his Clemency, and Kindnefs towards
him. After fome other Difcourfe, the General
departed. Mean while, the Indian came daily
to fell his Hens; and, as the General fufpedled,
and he himfelf afterward confefled, not without
his Mafter’s Confent. By this Time, the Sum-
pafl, and September came ; the Seafon
General meant to go to Sea, in
order to fupply his Neceflities : When now fell
out the greatefl Crofs of all to his Defigns.
The Ambaflador himfelf had obtained hisMjW
Difpatch from the King to be gone ; which the mo RfP&’
General being apprifed of, went to Court ; and
coming where the King was feated to view the
Sports that were made for his Diverfion, he fent
his Interpreter, to defire the Honour of an A au¬
dience. The King immediately called for him,
and demanded his Errand ? It hath pleafed your
Highnefs, faid the General, to do me many Fa¬
vours^ •
mer was
in which the
Voyages of the English to the "E a st Indies.
to the EngliJ]) : For if the Ambaffador had left
Ti- 'b rh it
granted.
vours, and therefore 1 am emboldened, to requeft
one Kindnefs more at your Majefty’s Hands.
What is that, (faid the King finding) are there
more Portuguese going to Malakka to hinder thy
Mealu res ? Yes, faid the General, the Ambafla-
dor himfelf, (as I am informed) hath your Ma¬
jefty’s Difpatch to be gone at his Pleafurej and
isdetermined to depart within five Days. And what
wouldft thou have me to do, faid the King? On¬
ly. to detain him ten Days, replied the General,
till I be gone with my Ships. Well, faid the
King, and laughed, thou mud bring me a fair
Portuguese Maiden when thou returned, and then
I lhall be pleafed.
With this Anfwer, the General took his
Leave, and made all the Hade he could to be
gone ; leaving the Merchants under the King’s
Protection till his Return ; with Directions, in the
mean Time, to buy what Pepper they could, to
help out the Afcetfion, which was more than three
Parts laden : Yet he would not leave her behind
him, riding in the Port, but took her with him ;
for foe rode but in an open Place. Three Ships
being ready, a Captain a of a Dutch Ship, who
was in the Road, defired he might bear the Ge¬
neral Company, and take Part in this Adventure.
His Ship was about two hundred Tons: But he
had as little Money to buy Commodities as the
Englijh ; and therefore was glad of a Lift, ac¬
cepting of an Eighth of what foould be taken,
which was offered him. The General having
taken his Leave of the King, and prefented to
1602
Lancalter
Achen earlier, all Ships would have had Advice of
them, by Frigats fent on Purpofe from Malakka :
But as the Intelligence was flopped, they lay with¬
in twenty-five Leagues of that City itielf, with¬
out its knowing any Thing of the Matter.
The third Day of October , lying off and on in A ship
the Streights of Malakka , the Heflor efpied a Sail,f<2^n*
and calling to the reft of the Ships, they all de-
feried her. It being toward Night, Dire&ion
was given to fpread themfelves a Mile and half
one from another, that file might not pafs them
in the Dark. The Ship fell with the Heftor,
which hailed her, and foot off two or three Pieces
of Ordnance. This giving the reft of the Ships
Notice, they all drew about her ; and began the
Attack with their great Shot, which file returned.
But when the Admiral’s Ship came up, he fired
fix Guns together out of his Prow ; and then her
Main-yard fell down. After that, there was no
more fhooting on either Side ; the General being
fearful of finking her by a Shot between Wind
and Water. At Break of Day, the Captain with
fome of the reft entering their Boat, Captain Mid¬
dleton in the Heftor , which was next her, called
them to him ; and then brought them aboard the
General, to whom they rendered their Ship and
Goods.
After this, he caufed all the chief Men in Cautimtc
the Prize, to be diftributed aboard his Ships, and prevent pi
placed aboard her four of his own Men ; who^"^*
buffered none elfe to enter the Veffel, for Fear of
him Meflieurs Starkey and Styles, two of the chief pillaging ; becaufe, they were to anfwer, for what-
td.
Merchants, left behind to provide Pepper during
the Cruize, his Majefty gracioufly took them
into his Protection: After which, on the eleventh
of September , the Ships fet Sail towards the Streights
of Malakka.
Ambaf- Now' to inform our Readers, how the King
fador daaw- with the Ambafl’ador of Portugal , being
very eager to be gone. After their Departure,
he every Day urged to have his Difpatch granted :
But ftill upon one Occafion or another, his Paff-
port was delayed. At length, (twenty-four Days
from the General’s putting to Sea) the King faid
to him : 1 wonder you are fo hajly to be gone, Jeeing
the Englifo Ambaffador is at Sea with his Ship ?
He is Jlronger than you ; and if he Jhould meet you,
may do you a Mifchief. I value him not, replied
the Ambaffador, for my Frigate is fo nimble with
Sail, and Oars, that if I have but her Length be¬
fore him, I will defy all his Force. Well, faid
the King, I am the more willing you foould
depart, iince I fee you fo confident of your
Safety: Whereupon he had forthwith his Difpatch
to be gone. This Delay proved very ferviceable
ever foould be miffing, out of their Wages and
Shares : For the Ship was unladen folely by its
own Boatfwain, and Mariners, without any Af-
fiftance from the Englijh ; only they received the
Goods into their Boats, and carried them aboard
fuch Ships, as the General appointed. By this Or¬
der, rifling, and pilfering, was wholly prevented,
which, otherwife, could hardly have been avoided.
In five or fix Days, they unladed nine hundred
and fifty Packs of Calicos, and Pintados, befides
many of other Merchandize. She had in her
likewife much Rice and other Goods, whereof
the Englijh made fmall Account. After this, a
Storm arifing, they fet all her Men aboard ; and
then left her riding at Anchor.
This Ship came from a Place called Sant Rkhntji
‘ Thoma b, in the Bay of Bengala, and was bound ,he Pr,z‘
for Malakka. When they intercepted her, foe
had in her above fix hundred Perfons, Men, Wo¬
men and Children ; her Burthen being nine hun¬
dred Tons. The General would never go aboard
her, that he might give no SufpiciOn, either to
the Mariners prefent, or the Merchants at London,
3 This was Captain of a Dutch Ship, called Spilberge. Purchas.
Madras. Purchas lays, Phis was the Carak of St. Thome in India.
b St. Thomas, or Meliapor, near
of
' Water'
car.
| met again
i Acbin.
V O V A G E S
of difhoneft: Dealing, to ferve his own Intereft. ;
The General was very glad of this lucky Hit,
which fupplied all his Gccafions % and enabled
him to lade as many more Ships, if he had
them : So that now he was at a Lofs, not for
Money, but for a Place where to leave the fur-
plus Goods in Safety, till the Return of the Ships
from England.
The twenty-firft of OAober, the General re¬
turned for Achen. By the Way, a great Water-
fpout fell not far from the Admiral, and put
them mightily in Fear: For thefe Spouts come
pouring down from the Sky, like a River ; fo
that if one of them fhould light upon a Ship, fhe
would be in Danger to be prefentlv funk. It falls
with extream Force, and not by Piece-meal, but
the Whole together, as if it was but one great
Drop ; and fometimes continues a quarter of an
Hour together, the Sea boiling with Froth, of an
exceeding Height, by the Violence of the Shock.
SECT. V.
Cornel again to Achin. Prepares for his Return
England. The King’s Prefents fir the Queen
and him. Leaves that Port. Touches at Pria-
man. Arrives at Bantam. Is well -received by
the King. Meets a brisk Trade. Captain Mid¬
dleton dies. Ship fent to the Molukkos.
H E twenty-fourth of October , they caft
of the English to the East Indies!
Ship’s full Lading: But at that Time, there
was no more to be had, nor that Year to be
hoped for. He willed them likewife to repair'
with their Things aboard, being refolved to go
for Bantam in 'Java Major ; where he under-
flood he fhould meet with both a good Sale for
his Commodities, and Plenty of Pepper, at a
much more reafonable Price, than at Achen. The
General, before his Departure, went to Court, to
notify it, and had a long Conference with the
King; who delivered him a Letter for the Queen,
written in Arabic .
For a Prefent to her Majefly, he fent three The Kirg't
rich Pieces of Cloth of Gold, curioufly wrought, Prefaut.
and a very fair Ruby in a Ring : He gave like¬
wife to the General another Ring, with a Ruby
in it : And when he went to take his Leave, the
King faid to him : Have you the the Pfalms of
David extant among you ? The General anfwered,
Yea, and we fing them daily. Then , faid the King,
: I, and thefe Nobles about me, will fing a Pfalm to
God, for your Profperity : Which they did very
folemnly. Being ended, the King faid, I would
have you fing another Pfalm , although it be in your
own Language. So there being twelve of them in
Company, (among whom was the Author) they
fung. This done, the General took his Leave
of the King, who exprefled much Kindnefs at
his Departure : Defiring God to blefs them all in
their Voyage, and condudl them fafe to their own
THE twenty-fourth of Ofiober, they calt their Voyage, and conduct them late to tneir own
Anchor in the Port of Achen, where the d Country ; faying. If hereafter your Ships return
1 /I _ . _ J C _ _ - J — 11 1\ i . D a.iI /I, SI 1 1 £ VI /I / /l /I // 7 0 (T // I / l/7 (TP U
j ?rtp If et fir
pi Return.
General went afliore, and found all the Merchants
in Health; who greatly commended the En¬
tertainment they had received in his Abfence
from the King. Wherefore the General, by way
of Gratification, chofe out fuch Things from
among the Prize-Goods, as he thought might be
mod to the King’s liking; and prefented them at
his firfl going to the Court. The King receiving
the Prefent, welcomed the General, and ieemed
very joyful for the good Succefs he had againll
the Portugueze : But jeftingly faid, he had for¬
gotten the mod important Bufinefs he had requell-
ed at his Hands, which was the fair Portugueze
Maiden. The General made Anfwer: T hat he
met with none deferving of the Honour to be to
prefented. The King (miled, and faid. It there
be any Thing in my Kingdom that may pleafure
thee, I would be glad to gratify thy good Will.
After this, the General commanded the
Merchants to put aboard the Afcenfion , all tuch
Pepper, Cinnamon, and Cloves, as they had
bought in his Abfence ; which was fcarcely the
a On this Occafion, Captain Lancafter fays, he was much beholden to God, for having thus fupplied his Ne-
ceffities, eafed his Care, and fent him that Bleffing, to enable him to lade his Ships, aSffu igTlfine miuht
encourage Plundering ; or, to relieve one Man’s Wants, fend him to ruin another Ahhough the Thing might
be well meant, yet the DoArine, in itfelf, is highly impious and abfurd ; as well as produdive ot the &
Mifchiefs.
to this Port, you Jhall find the fame good Ufiage you
have hitherto experienced.
They left Achin the ninth of November , being Theyjeavt
three Ships, the Dragon, the He bior, and the Af-^nn'
cenfion. They kept Company two Days ; and
then the Admiral difpatched his Letters for Eng¬
land, by the Afcenfion : She fleering her Courfe
towards the Cape of Buena Efperanza , and they
along Sumatra , for Bantam^ to fee if they could
meet with the St fan, which had Orders to lade
at Priaman. In their Way, they fell among cer¬
tain Iflands in the Night ; ^wondering, when Day
approached, how they got thither, without fee-
in^ any of them. They were near the Shore,
and all low ; the Sea alfo full of Flats and Rocks,
fo that they were in great Danger before they
could get clear.
Holding on their Courfe, they palled the Ccme to
Line the third Time ; and came to Priaman thePnaman.
twenty-fix th of November. Here the Sufan had
provided towards their Lading, about fix hundred
Bahrs of Pepper, and fixfy-fix of Cloves. Their
V o l. I, N°. 12.
N n
Pepper
274
1602.
Lancaster.
jtrrive at
Bantam.
Wain on the
King.
h well re •
saved.
Voyages of the English
Pepper indeed coft them lefs than at Achin : But a
none grows about this Port, it being brought
from a Place eight or ten Leagues off in the Coun¬
try, called Manangcabo. This Place, \Priaman\
produces no other Commodities, only there is
good Store of Gold in Duft, and fmall Grains ;
which they wafh out of the Sands of Rivers,
after the great Floods, that fall from the Moun¬
tains, from whence it is brought. It is a good
Place for Refrefhing, and very healthful, the
Air being very good, though it lies within fifteen b
Minutes of the Line.
Having taken in Provifions, the General or¬
dered the Captain of the Sufan , to haften her
Lading with Pepper, and fo to depart for Eng¬
land. After which, on the fourth of December , he
(haped his Courfe towards Bantam : The fifteenth,
they entered the Streights of Sunda , and came
to Anchor under an Ifland, three Leagues from
that City, called Pulo Panfa. Next Morning,
they entered the Road of Bantam , and fhot off c
fuch a thundering Peal of Ordnance, as had never
been rung there before. The feventeenth, the
General fent Captain Middleton on Land, to let
the King know, that he was fent by the Queen
of England , and had both a Meflage and a Letter
from her ; requiring his Majefty’s fafe Conduct
and Warrant to land, in order to deliver the
fame.
The King anfwered, that he was very glad of
his coming ; and fent a Nobleman back with the d
Captain, to welcome the General, and accom¬
pany him to Shore. Being arrived at Court, he
found the King, (who was a Child often or eleven
Years of Age) fitting in a round Houfe, with
fixteen or eighteen Noblemen about him, in fome
reafonable State. The General having paid his
Obeifance, the King welcomed him ; and after
fome Difcourfe about his Meflage, delivered the
Queen’s Letter into the King’s Hand, with a Pre¬
lent of Plate, and fome other Things : Which the e
King received with a fmiling Countenance, and
referred the General (for further Conference) to
one of his Nobles, who was then Prote&or.
After talking an Hour and half of different
Matters, that Nobleman received the General,
and all his Company, under the King’s Protedli-
on ; inviting him to land, where he might buy
and fell, without any Moleftation ; affuring him,
that he fhould be as fafe, as if he were in his own
Country; and this, all the reft of the Nobles f
confirmed. The Author, for Brevity’s fake, omits
feveral Things that palled at this Audience, his
Purpofe being rather, to fet forth how Trade was
firft fettled in the Eajl Indies. The King, hav¬
ing given the General Leave to choofe a Houfe
to the East Indies.
wherever he thought fit, that was his next Care. i6o$l
So, within two Days, the Merchants brought Larca<hr.
Goods alhore, and began to fell: But one of theL/*V\J
King’s Nobles coming to inform the General,
that it was the Cuftom for the King, to furnilh
himfelf, before his Subjects, the General was
contented, having; been apprifed, that he would
give a reafonable Price, and pay very well.
The King being ferved, the Merchants went^ bnjk
forward in their Sales : So that in five Weeks7™**
Time, they fold more Goods than would pay for
the Lading of both the Ships. They brought
from thence, two hundred and feventy-fix Bags
of Pepper, each containing fixty-twTo Pound ;
which coft five Ryals and half of Eight a, befide
Anchorage, and the King’s Cuftom. The Ancho¬
rage for both Ships coft (by Agreement made
with the Shah Bandar b, or Governor of the City)
fifteen hundred Ryals of Eight, and the Cuftom
was one Ryal of Eight, upon every Bag. They
traded here very peaceably, although the 'Javans
are reckoned as errant Thieves and Pilferers, as
any in the World. But the General, after he
had received an Abufe or two, was authorifed by
the King, to kill whomfoever he took about his
Houfe in the Night: So that after four or five had
been thus made Examples of, they lived in tole¬
rable Peace and Quiet; yet continually kept a
careful Watch every Night.
As faft as they bought their Pepper, they fent it Captain
aboard : So that by the tenth of February f 1603-4] M,ddlcton
their Ships were completely laden, and ready to de-'' 1
part. But, in the mean Time, Captain Middleton,
of the Hedtor, fell fick on Shipboard. It was a Rule
obferved by the General, from the Beginning of
the Voyage, that while he himfelf was afhore,
the Captain of the Vice-Admiral kept aboard ;
becaufe both fhould not be from their Charge at
one Time. The General hearing of his Sick-
nefs, went to vifit him, and found him weaker,
than he himfelf perceived. This, his Experience
in thefe hot Countries, had taught him : And fo
it happened with Captain Middleton , who, al¬
though he was then walking up and down, died
at two of the Clock next Morning.
Now the General refolving quickly to depart, sbipjtntn
ordered a Pinnace of about forty Tons, (which rieMolafe*
he had) to be laden with Commodities ; and put-1*05"
ting in her twelve Men, with certain Merchants,
fent her for the Molukkos , to trade there, and
fettle a Fadlory, againft the Return of the next
Shipping out of England. Moreover he left eight .
Men, and three Factors in Bantam , appointing
the Principal of them, Mr. William Starkey , to
fell fuch Commodities as were left behind ; and
provide Lading for the Ships againft the next
a A Ryal of Eight, is four Shillings and lix-pence Sterling. Purchas. b In our Author, S a/vender ;
Shah Bandar, fignifies King of the Port. He is, in a ftri& Senfe, Superiutendant of the Cuftoms.
Return,
1603.
Lancaftcr.
Return,
the King,
Voyages of the English
Going to Court to take his Leave of
he recived a Letter and Prefcnt for the
Queen, of certain Bezoar Stones, very fair : And
for himfelf, a very fair 'Java Dagger, in much
Efteern there, befides a good Bezoar Stone, with
fome other Things ; and then was difmifled in a
very handfome Manner.
to the East Indies.
275
ftetur* home'
to lardi.
SECT. VI.
Return homewards. Terrible Storms. The Dra¬
gon lofes her Rudder. They Jleer with the Mi-
zen Majl. Make a Rudder of it. Lancafterh
Bravery , and Trufincfs. Orders the Hedtor to
leave him. The Rudder refitted. Proceed on
their Voyage. Come to St. Helena. How they
took Goats. Afcenfion Ifle. Fuogo. Santa Ma¬
ria. They arrive in the Downs.
TH E twentieth of February , they went all
aboard their Ships, fhotjfff their Ordnance,
pinching them exceeding fore ; fo that their Cafe 1603.
was very deplorable, and defperate. Lancafler.
Yet all this while, the HeElor induftrioufly v— •
kept them Company, which was a Comfort to
them ; and fometimes Sander Cole , the Matter
thereof, came aboard the Dragon. At laft, it
was concluded, to put theirMizen-maft out at the
Stern Port, to try if they could fteer the Ship in¬
to fome Place, where they might make another
Rudder : But this Device was to fmall Purpofe;
for when they had fitted it,, (the Sea being fome-
what grown with lifting up the Maft) it did fo
(hake the Stern, and put all in Danger, that they
made what Hafte they could, to get it into the
Ship again, and were very glad when they had
brought it about.
They were now' fenfible, that unlefs they MaU a
could make a new Rudder, and hang it, they Rudder °f,te
mu ft perifh in thofe Seas : But how to perform it,
was the Difficulty, the Ship being of feven or
and fet Sail toward England. The twenty-fecond, c eight hundred Tons, and in fo dangerous a Part
... 1 • .1 _ n . * r . _ _ c _ /’v _ _ T>. linn- 4-^.
-and twenty-third, they were in the Streights ot
Sunda ; and the twenty-fixth, got clear of the
Lies there, and the Land, holding their Courfe
South- Weft : So that the twenty-eighth, they
were in eight Degrees fortyMinutes South. Sunday,
the thirteenth of March, they pafled the Tropic
of Capricorn , their Courfe moftly the fame, with
a ft iff Gale at South-Eaft. The fourteenth of
April , they were in thirty-four Degrees, judging
'Terrible
V/srwi,
Dragon’
liuadir hji.
of the Ocean : But Neceffity compelling to try
Means, the General ordered the Carpenter to
make one out of the Mizen-Maft : But this Bar
fell in the Way, that with their Rudder, they
loft alfo moft of the Irons, which faftehed it ;
yet they went forward, and one of the Men
dived, to fearch what Irons remained : But he
found only two whole, and a broken one.
yjpru, lucy wClc - - HOWEVER, the Rudder being finifhed, and Lancaflef*
Madagojkar to be North of them. The twenty- d finding a fair Day, they fattened it on, and pro- jZTf
eighth*, they had a very furious Storm, which ceeded on their Way homewards : . But within
forced5 them to take in all their Sails ; and con- three or four Hours, the Sea took it off again,
tinued a Day and a Night, with an exceeding and they had much ado to fave it, with the Lofs
great and raging Sea; fo that it feemed fcarce of another of their Irons ; fo that now they had
pcffible for a Ship to live in it. However, they but two to hang it by, and the Men grew de-
weathered it, and made a Shift to repair all the firous to quit the Ship, and go into the '. Heitor.
Damages they had received : But their Ships were This the General oppofed, faying, he defpaired
fo fhaken, that they proved leaky all the Voyage not to fave the Ship and the Goods, as well as
themfclves, by one Means or other. With that
1 The third of May, they had another great e he went into his Cabin, and wrote a Letter for
Storm, which continued all Night ; the Sea beat- England , to fend it by the Heft or, which he Orimtht
ing fo violently on the Dragon’s Quarter, that it commanded to depart, and leave him there, with- «
fhook the Iron- work of her Rother ; which next out letting one of the Company know thereof.
Morning, broke quite off from the Stern of the The Letter was fhort, and nearly as followeth;
Ship, and funk. This ftruck a Fear into the Hearts
- - -- - - - - - • • Right Worshipful,
JjrHAT hath paJJ'ed in this Voyage , and what
rr Trades I have fettled for this Company , and
what other Events have befallen us , you fhall under-
of all the Men ; the beft, and moft experienced
of them, not knowing what to do ; and efpeci-
ally, feeing themfelves in fuch a tempeftuous Sea,
and fo ftormy a Place, that the Author thinks,
there are few worfe in all the World. Now the i Jl and by the Bearers hereof to whom (as Occafion
Ship drove up and down in the Sea like a Wreck, hath happened ) I mujl refer you. 1 will Jtrive witb
which Way foever the Wind carried her : So that all Diligence to fave my Ship , and her Coods, as
l'ometimes, (he was within three or four Leagues you may perceive by the Courfe I take in venturing
of the Cape Buena Efperanza , and then was dri- my own Life , and thofe that are with me. I can-
ven by a contrary Wind, to almoft forty Degrees not tell where you jhould look for me, if youjend ou
Southward, into the Hail and Snow. This was any Pinnace to feek me ; becaufe 1 live at the De-
smother great Mifery to them, the cold Weather votion of the Winds and Seas. And thus fare y
276
3603.
Lincafler-
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
Degrees
weU, tie firing God to fend us a ■merry Alee ting in
this World, if it be bis good Will and Plea fare.
The Pajfage to the Eaft Indies lietb in fixty-two
and an half , by the North- Weft on the
America Side.
Tour loving Friend ,
James Lancaster.
This Letter being delivered, the General ex¬
pected the Hefiior would have left him in the
Night ; but efpying the Ship in the Morning, he
laid to the Author, thefe Men regard no Com¬
mands. She {till kept two or three Leagues from
them : For the Matter, who was an honett good
Man, loved the General well, and was loth to
The Rudder leave him in fo great Diftrefs. Yet feeing it now
refitted. flood them upon to beflir themfelves, the Car¬
penter mended the Rudder again ; and within two
or three Days, the Weather beginning to be
fomewhat fair, and the Seas fmooth, they made c
a Sign to the Heftor, which came up ; and the
Matter bringing with him the bed Swimmers
and Divers that he had in his Ship, helped them
to hang their Rudder again fo firmly, that they
began to be in Hopes of getting at length to fome
Port of Relief.
Preceedcn Now they had been driven up and down in
tear Voyage, thefe mighty Seas, and endured many more Storms
than are here mentioned, fometimes for one
whole Month together, fo that the Men began d
to fall fick and difeafed : The Wind ^lfo fell fo
fhort, that they could fetch no Part of fhe Coaft
of Africa. Knowing, therefore, that they had
doubled the Cape of Buena Efperanza , by the
Height they were in to the Northward, they fail¬
ed directly for the Illand of St. Helena. In their
Pattage, the Main-yard fell down, and ftruck
one of their Men into the Sea, who was drowned.
This was an unlucky Accident, but then here
ended all their hard Fortune.
a to the Rendezvous : And thither went every Day j6o;
twenty Men to fetch them to the Ships, taking Lancaif
Care not to make any Hooting or Noife, that v-
might fcare the Animals ; and by this Means the
Ships were plentifully fupplied. While they flay¬
ed there, they put their Ships in Order, and
fearched their Rudder, which they hoped would
laft them home. All the fick Men recovered
their Health, by refrefhing with Goats and Hogs
Flefh, which they had great Need of : For they
b faw no Land during three Months, but were con¬
tinually beating the Sea.
The fifth of Jtdy , they fet Sail from this lfiandfi.
Illand, fleering North-Weft ; and the thirteenthcer,fl0“*
patted by an Illand, called The Afcenfion , in eight
Degrees. No Ships touch there, for it is quite
barren, and without Water ; only it hath good
Store of Fifh about it, but a deep Sea, and ill
Riding for Ships. From hence they held their
Courfe in the fame Dire£tion, the Wind being
c South and South-Eaft, till the nineteenth, and
then patted the Line. The twenty-fourth, they
were in fix Degrees North, and by Eftimation
an hundred and fifty Leagues from the Coaft of
Guinea : Then bearing away North by Weft, and
North, till the twenty-ninth, they had Sight of
the Illand of Fuogo. Here they were becalmed Fuoga,
five Days, ftriving to pafs to the Eaftward of it,
but could not ; for the Wind changed, and came
about North- Eaft : So they flood Weft North-
Weft.
The feventh of Augufl , 1603, they were in
fixteen Degrees, and the twelfth, patted the Tro¬
pic of Cancer , in twenty-three Degrees and an
half, holding their Courfe Northerly : But the
twenty-third the Wind came Wefterly. The
twenty-ninth, they patted the Illand of St. Mary, $tl Maria:
the Wind fair. The feventh of September , they
began to found, judging the Lands-End of Eng¬
land to be forty Leagues diftant ; and the eleventh,
e came well and fafe into the Downs , after a long -dOriviin
Ctn:e to £t.
Helena.
Hew they
tcok Otfi (1.
The fifth of June , they patted the Tropic of and dangerous Navigation.
Capricorn , and the fixteenth, in the Morning,
had Sight of St. Helena: Which caufed no
fmall Rejoicing. They bore clofe along the
Shore to get the beft of the Road ; and eaft An¬
chor in twelve Fathom right againft a fmall Cha¬
pel, which the Portugueze had built there long
hnce. Going afhore, they found, by many Wri¬
tings, that the Caraks had departed but eight
Days before. Here is very good Refrelhing of f djcenfion Ifiand ~ *” ~ ■
Water, and wild Goats; but they are hard to
come by, without good Directions for the Pur¬
pose.
The Courfe the General took was this, he
appointed four of the beft Shot he had to go into
the Middle of the Illand, with four Men to at¬
tend on each, to carry the Goats that he killed
the Downs
VARIATION.
November 21, 1601, a little to the Eaft of Cape
St. Sebaflian in Madagafkar , the Needle varied
1 6° 00'
Latitudes.
Roque- Piz Illand — — - — — 10 30 S.
8 00
N.B. These Latitudes feem not to be taken
with Accuracy.
SECT. VII.
Queen Elizabeths Letter to the King of Afhey,
commonly called Achen, and his Anfwer.
1, Tkg
Voyages of the English to the East Indies. 277
1602.
(ancafler.
KV"—*
j, 27* ghieen of England’* Letter to the King
cf Achen.
Elizabeth , by the Grace of God, Queen of
England, France , and Ireland , Defend rels of the
Chriftian Faith and Religion. To the Great and
Mighty King of Achem , Sic. in the Ifland of Su¬
matra, Our loving Brother, Greeting.
TH E Eternal God of his Divine Knowledge
and Providence hath fo difpoled his Blef-
fings, and stood T hings of his Creation, for the
Ufe and Nourifhment of Mankind in fuch Sort,
that, notwit’nftanding they grow in divers King¬
doms and Regions of the'World, yet by the In-
duftry of Man, (ftirred up by the Infpiration of
the faid Omnipotent Creator) they are difperfed
into the 1110ft remote Places of the univerfal
World : To the End, that even therein may ap¬
pear, unto all Nations, his marvellous Works ;
he having fo ordained, that the one Land may
have Need of the other, and thereby not only
breed Intercourfe and Exchange of their Mer¬
chandize and Fruits, which do fuperabound in
fome Countries, and want in others ; but alfo
engender Love and hriendfhip betwixt all Men,
a Thing naturally Divine.
Where un to we having RefpeCt, (Right
Noble King) and alfo to the honourable and
truly Royal Fame, which hath hither ftreached,
of your Highnefs humane and noble Ufage to
Strangers, which repair into that your Kingdom,
in Love and Peace, in the Trade of Merchan¬
dize, paying your due Cuftoms : M e have been
moved to give Licence unto thefe our Subjects ;
who, with commendable and good Defires, fail
to vifit that your Kingdom : Notwithftanding
the Dangers and Miferies of the Sea, natural to
fuch a Voyage, which (by the Grace of God)
they will make, being the greateft that is to be
made in the World ; and to prefent Traffic un¬
to your Subjects. \Vhich their Offer, if it fhall
a be accepted by your Plig’nnefs, with fuch Love j6j 2.
and Grace as we hope for, of fo great and mag- Lancarter.
nanimious a Prince, we, for them, do promife,
that in no Time hereafter, you fhall have Caufe
to repent thereof, but rather to rejoice much :
For their Dealings fhall be true, and their Con-
verfation fure ; and we hope, that they will give
you fo good Proof thereof, that this Beginning
fhall be a perpetual Confirmation of Love betwixt
our Subjects on both Parts ; by carrying from us’,
b fuch Things and Merchandize as you have Need
of there. So that your Highnefs fhall be very
well ferved, and better contented than you have
heretofore been with the Portugals and Spaniards *
our Enemies; who only, and none elfe of thefe
Regions, have frequented thofe your, and other
Kingdoms of the Eaft ; not buffering, that tire
other Nations fhould do it, pretending them-
felves to be Monarchs, and abfolute Lords of all
thefe Kingdoms and Provinces, as their own Con-
c quell and Inheritance, as appeareth by their lofty
Title in their Writings : The contrary whereof
hath very lately appeared unto us; and that your
Highnefs, and your Royal Family, Fathers, and
Grand-fathers, have (by the Grace of God, and
their Valour) known, not only to defend their
own Kingdoms, but alfo to give Wars unto the
Portugals , in the Lands which they pofiefs ; as,
namely, in Malakka, in the Year of the human'
Redemption 1575, under the ConduCt of your
d valiant Captain Ragamakota, with their great Lofs,
and the perpetual Honour of your Highnefs Crown
and Kingdom a.
And now, if your Highnefs fhall be pleafed''
to accept into your Favour and Grace, and un¬
der your Royal Protection and Defence, thefe'
our SubjeCts, that they may freely do their Bu-
finefs now, and continue yearly hereafter ; this
Bearer, who goeth Chief of this Fleet of four
Ships, hath Order (with your Highnefs’s Licence)
e to leave certain FaCtors, with a fettled Houfe of
FaCtory, in your Kingdom, until the going thi¬
ther of another Fleet, which fhall go thither up-
a The Advantage and Honour obtained by the King of Achtn, on this Occafion, might, indeed, furmfii a
Handle for a Compliment: But if we may believe de Faria y Sou fa, was nothing fo great as it is reprefen ted m
the Letter ; though it might eafily have been much more confiderable. That Hiftonan tells us, thatm the Year
mentioned, the King of Achem coming againft Malakka with forty Galleys, befides fome Ships, Galliots and
other Veffels, to the Number of one hundred, and a great Tram of Artillery ; Friftan Vaz defega , Com¬
mander of the Place, ordered out John Fereyra in a Galley, Bernardin de Sil<va in a Caravel, and Ferdinand de
Failures in a Ship, with each forty Men to guard the Provifions that were coming, and whereof the City was
in great Want: But the Enemy falling upon them, in an Inftant, beat all the three to Pieces. Seventy Men pe¬
riled by Fire, Sword, and Water ; forty were taken, and only five faved themfelves by fwimmmg. The three
Captains fought to their laft Breath, as Pereyra had promifed to do, to oi>e, who feeing all loft, ottered him a
Boat to efcape in. Only one hundred and fifty Men remained in Malakka to defend it ; and of thofe, one nun-
dred were fick and aged. Want of Men and Ammunition, caufed them to be very Hill in the City. ^
not knowing the Caufe, imagined they had fome cunning Stratagem in Hand ; and in a panic Fear railed the
Siege, when they might have carried the Town, contenting themfelves with their Succefs againft the three
Captains. They came into the Port in the Beginning of January ,■ and went out towards the latter End. -ee
Fortuguezt Afia , vol. 3. p. 334.
OIV
278 V O Y A G E S of the E N G L I S H tO the E A S T I N D I E S.
1602. on the Return of this: Which left Factors (hall
Lantafier., Ie2i n the Language and Cuftoms of your Subjects ;
■- "• whereby the better and more lovingly to converfe
with them. And the better to confirm this Con¬
federacy and Friendfhip betwixt us, we are con¬
tended, if your Highnefs be fo pleafed, that you
caufe Capitulations reafonable to be made, and
that this Bearer do the like in our Name ; which
we promife to perform royally and entirely, as
well herein, as in other Agreements and Argu¬
ments he will communicate unto you : To whom
we do greatly defire your Highnefs to give entire
Faith and Credit ; and that you will receive him,
and the reft of his Company, under your Royal
Protection, favouring them in what fhall beRea-
fon and Juftice. And we do promife, on our
Behalf, to re-anfwer, in like Degree, in all that
your Highnefs fhall have Need out of thefe our
Kingdoms : And we defire, that your Highnefs'
would be pleafed to fend us Anfwer, by this Bearer
of this our Letter, that we may thereby under¬
stand of your Royal Acceptance, of the Friend¬
fhip and League which we offer, and greatly de¬
fire, may have an happy Beginning, with long
Years to continue.
2. The Letter a of the King of Achen, to the Queen
of England.
GLORY be to God, who hath magnified
himfelf in his Works, glorified his Domi-
mimon, ordained Kings and Kingdoms; exalted
himfelf alone in Power and Majefty. He is not
to be uttered by Word of Mouth ; nor to be con¬
ceived by Imagination of the Heart : He is no
vain Phantafm ; no Bound may contain him ;
nor any Similitude exprefs him. His Bleffing and
his Peace is over all, his Goodnefs in the Crea¬
ture : He hath been proclaimed by his Prophet
heretofore, and fince that often ; and now again
by this Writing at this prefent, inferior unto none,
for this City, which is not flack to fhew their
Love, hath manifefled it, in the Entertainment
of that Society, which filleth the Horizons with
Joy, and hath confirmed it to the Eye by a Sign,
which bringeth Knowledge of Remembrance of
it generally, and particularly : And for that their
Requeft is juft, with Purpofe for Exchange; and
they themfelves of honeft Carriage, and their
Kindnefs great in doing good in general to the
Creatures; helping the Creature in Profperity
and Adverfity jointly ; giving liberally unto th« j6c
Poor, and fuch as ftand in Need of their A- Lancai
bundance ; preferving the Creature in their ut- *— v
termoft, with a willing Mind : Which for them
now is extended unto India and Arach b ; fend¬
ing forth the chiefeft Men of Difcretion and
Note, calling all the beft of the Creatures toCoun-
cil herein.
This is the Sultana , which doth rule in the
Kingdom of England , France , Ireland , Holland ,
and Frizeland. God continue that Kingdom and
that Empire long in Profperity.
And becaufe that he, which hath obtained
the W riting of thefe Letters from the King of
the Kingdom of AJheyc , who doth rule there
with an abfolute Power ; and for that, there
came unto us a good Report of you, declared
and fpread very joyfully by the Mouth of Cap¬
tain Ja?nes Lancajler ; (God continue his Wel¬
fare long !) And for that, you do record that in
your Letters, there are Commendations unto us,
and that your Letters are Patent Privileges ; Al¬
mighty God advance the Purpofe of this ho¬
nourable Confociation, and confirm this worthy
League.
And for that you do affirm in them, that the
Sultan of Afrangie d is your Enemy, and an Ene¬
my to your People, in whatfoever Place he be,
from the firft until now ; and for that he hath
lift up himfelf proudly, and fet himfelf as the
King of the World : Yet, what is he befides his
exceeding Pride, and haughty Mind ? In this
therefore is our Joy increafed, and our Society
confirmed ; for that he and his Company are our
Enemies in this World, and in the World to
come : So that we fhall caufe them to die, in
what Place foever we fhall meet them, a public
Death.
And moreover you do affirm, that you defire
Peace and Friendfhip with us : To God be Praife
and Thanks for the Greatnefs of his Grace !
This therefore is our ferious Will and honourable
Purpofe truly in this Writing, that you may fend
from your People unto our Bandar % to trade and
to traffic : And that whofoever fhall be fent unto
us, in your Highnefs Name, and to whomfoever
you fhall preferibe the Time, they fhall be of a
joint Company, and of common Privileges :
For this Captain and his Company, fo foon as they
came unto us, we made them of an abfolute So¬
ciety. And we have incorporated them into one
a This Letter was tranflated out of the Arabic by William Be dwell, (the only one who then profefled that
Language) who has explained a few Things in the Margin. b Or Caramania. [This cannot poffibly
be : tor what had Caramania to do here ; a Province of Afia Minor, and then of no Account ? It mud needs
mean fome Country nearer India ; perhaps Iran, or Perfta at large ; perhaps Irak, or Erak, the old Chaldea
where Bafrah hands, which traded to the Indies, (for the original Word might bear either of thefe Explications:)
but we Ihould rather think Arach, or Arak, implied fome Parts to the Eaft of India.] c i. e. Achen. [This
Name then muft be a Corruption.] d Or Spain. [It Ihould rather be Afranjiah , which Name is given by the
Arabs to Europe in general ; whereof the Spaniards boafted themfelves the Mahers in the Indies. ■ Or Ports.
3 Corporation
Voyages of the English ie the East Indies.
279
Corporation, and common Dignity: And we a Cuftom, unto the famous City % a Ring of Gold, 1605.
5U4.. r _ . _ T • 1 _ - j n,0T.r»f1 Kmh with n Ruhv. rir.hlv nlaced in his beat : Middleton.
^dieton. have granted them Liberties, and have (hewed
^,*y»«Jthem the bed Courfe of Traffic. And to mani-
feft unto them the Love and Brotherhood be¬
tween us and you in this World, there is fent,
by the Hand of this Captain, according to the
beautified with a Ruby, richly placed in his Seat ; Middleton,
two Veftures woven with Gold, embroidered with '
Gold, inclofed in a red Box of Tzin b.
Written in Tarichc of the Year ion of Ma-
hornet. Peace be unto you.
CHAP. II.
<The Voyage of Captain (afterwards Sir) Henry Middleton in 1604, being the
fecond fet forth by the Eaft India Compcimy.
Previous Remarks.
WE meet with two Relations of this Voyage b
in Purchase or rather of two Voyages
performed by different Ships of the fleet, which
confided of four : The Red Dragon , Admiral,
Captain Henry Middleton, General ; the Heft or ,
Vice-Admiral, commanded by Captain Sufflet ;
the Afcenfion , Mr. Coltburjl , Captain ; and the
Sufan , which was lod in her Return, the Name
of whofe Captain is not mentioned. Thefe were
the fame Ships, in all Probability, that went be¬
fore with Captain Lancajler. The Hefior and c
Sufan having been fent home from Bantam , the
other two went on to Amboyna ; where parting, the
Dragon proceeded to the Molukkos , and the Af¬
cenfion to Banda. The fird of thefe Journals,
written by one on board the Admiral, confines
itfelf almod wholly to Captain Middletons Nego¬
tiations at Bantam , and his Voyage to the Mo-
lukkos. The other, befides what relates particu¬
larly to the Trip to Banda , gives fome general
Account of the whole Voyage : So that they in- d
terfere very little with each other. Thefe Jour¬
nals, which are both very fhort, are feparated in
Purchas’ s Collection, who was not able to pro¬
cure the former time enough to infert it in its
proper Place. The latter is no more than a brief
AbftraCt out of a large Account, written by one
who feems to have been on board the Afcenfion.
SECT. I.
e
The Voyage of Captain Henry Middleton, in the
Red Dragon, to Bantam d and the Molukkas, in
1604.
The Fleet arrives at Bantam. Dutch take Am¬
boyna from the Portugueze. King of Ternata
and feveral Hollanders faved by Captain Mid-
a Or London. b Or China. [We read Sin, in (lead of Tzin.] c That is, by Computation of
Time, [rather Tarikh, the Year of Mohammed , or the Hejrah, ioii, anfwers to that of Chriil 1602.. It is
remarkable, that the King of Achin' s Name is not mentioned in this Tranflation ; which, doubtlefs, was in fome
Part of the original Letter.] d This Voyage is inferted in Purchas' % Collection,. voh i. p. 703, contain¬
ing with the annexed Letters, two Pages. e Rather February.
The
dleton. Mean A ft ion of his Majejly . Dutch
Ingratitude , Slander , and Wrongs. Letters of
the Kings of Ternata, Tydor, and Bantam, to
King James I.
HAVING taken Leave of the Company, «««
the Ships departed from Gravefend the ®aotana*
twenty-fifth of March , 1604 ; and about the
twentieth of December following, after various
Accidents, arrived (the Men being very weak)
in Bantam Road. There paffed many Compli¬
ments between them and the Hollanders , who
faluted each other with their great Ordnance ;
and the lad Day of the Year, the General of the
Dutch dined aboard the Dragon : The Day fol¬
lowing, the Englifh General went afhore with a
Letter and Prefent from the King of England y
to the King of Bantam ; which were, with great
Ceremony, received by that young Monarch,
who was but thirteen Years of Age, and govern¬
ed by a Protestor.
The fixteenth of the (aid Month, the Gene- Dutch taie
ral came aboard from Bantam , to proceed on his Amb°yna<’
Voyage for the Molukkos, ordering Mr. Sufflet to go
home in the Heftor. The feventh of January e
following, 1605, they anchored under the Shore
of Veramda. The People bear a deadly Hatred to
the Portugueze, and therefore had fent to the Hol¬
landers for Aid ; promifing to become their Sub¬
jects, if they expelled them. In (hort, the Hol¬
landers preparing to affault the Cadle of Amboyna ,
fummoned the Portugueze , in the- Prince of
Oranges Name, to deliver it that Day by two
o’Clock; which they refufed : Yet in the End,
after many Attacks, it was furrendered to them
by Compofition : After which, the Governor
of the Town, by Order of the Dutch , debarred
the Englifh from trading there.
s8o
Voyages of /^English to the East Indies.
1605. The War continuing between the Ternatans , a
Middleton, and Tydorians , the firft were a (lifted by the Hoi -
landers, the latter by the Portuguese: Shortly
K’”S °f Tjf ■ after , the Englijh being under thelfland of lydore,
^Eng'ifh/ defcried two Galleys of Ternata, between Pulo-
canally and Tydore, in full Sail toward them, wav¬
ing with a white Flag, that they might ftrike,
and tarry for them. At the fame Time, feven
Galleys of Tydore, came rowing betwixt them
and the Shore, to aflault the Ternatans, The Ge¬
neral feeing the Danger they were in, lay by the b
Lee, to know what the Matter was. In the
Foremoft of thefe Galleys, or Coracoras, were
the King of Ternata, with divers of his Nobles,
and three Dutch Merchants : Who being in great
Fear, imploied the General, for God’s Sake, to
fave them, and the other Coracora, wherein were
feverel Hollanders, from the Tydorians , from
whom they expeded no Mercy, if they were
taken. Whereupon, the General ordered his
Gunner to fhoot at the Tydore Galleys : Yet they c
defifted not, but boarded the latter, within Shot
of the Englijh Ordnance, and put all in her to
the Sword ; excepting three, who faved them-
felves by fwimming, and were taken up by the
Englijlo Boats.
Mean An of The General being determined to go for Ty-
hs Majejty, t^e £)utch intreated, that we would not let
the King of Ternata and them fall into their E-
nemies Hands, from whom he had fo lately de¬
livered them; promifing, in Return, Mountains of d
Cloves, and other Commodities at Ternata and
Makeu ; but their Performance was Mole-hills,
(.verifying the Proverb, The Danger efcaped, the
Saint is deceived.) One Thing muft not be for¬
gotten, the King of Ternata , coming aboard the
Dragon, trembled for Fear : This the General
fuppofing to be the Effect of Cold, put a black
Darnafk Gown, laced with Gold, and lined with
unfhorn Velvet, on his Back; which, at his De¬
parture, he had not the Manners to reftore, but e
kept it as his own. Now fee how this Kindnefs
was fhortly after recompenfed, by thefe unthank¬
ful Men. The General arriving at the Portu¬
guese Town, in Tydore, the Governor of the
Fort fent one Thomas de Torres , and others, with
a Letter ; intimating, that the King of Ternata ,
and the Hollanders, reported, that there was no¬
thing but Treafon and Villany to be expected at
•the Hands of the Englifj ; but that, for bis Part,
he conceived a better Opinion of them, believing f
thofe Suggeftions to be nothing but Malice.
What confirmed this, not long after, the Gene¬
ral being at the King’s Town, fent Mr. Grave j
aboard the Dutch Admiral ; who gave him but a Middled
cool Reception, and charged th e Englijh with ha-'— v—
v.ing affifted the Portuguese in the laft Wars a- Dutth
gainft the King of Ternata and them, withJrfl*mwfe'
Ordnance and other Ammunition. This the
General refuted by the Teftimony of fome Por¬
tuguese, who were taken Prifoners by them in
that Action ; and then being afhamed of the
Slander, the Dutchman affirmed, he had it from
a Renegado Guzarat , but did not think it to be
true.
T o compleat their Ingratitude, not long af¬
ter, the King of Ternata feeming to affe£l the
Englijh Nation, the Dutch threatned him, that
they would forfake him, and join with his deadly
Enemy, the King of Tydore , if he fuffered the
Englijh either to have a Factory, or any Trade
with his Subjects : Affirming that they were
Thieves and Robbers ; that he Ihould find them
to be no other ; and that the King of Holland
was ftronger by Sea than all Europe belides : With
many fuch opprobrious Speeches againft the En- SUnjer a
glijh , and all other Chrijlian Princes. Hence
behoves thofe Powers to confider, what this info-
lent, frothy 3 Nation will do, if ever they attain
to the Pofleffion of the Eajl Indies. To which
infolent Speeches the General replied, Tloat what
Hollander foever had fo reported , lied like a Vil¬
lain ; and that he would make his Affertion good a-
gainjl any one who floould give out Juch a Report :
Affirming, that if the Queen of England had not
taken Pity on them , they had been utterly ruined by
the King of Spain, and branded for Slaves and
Traytors. Were the particular Wrongs done
by them to the Englijh Nation, made publick,
they would fill Volumes, and amaze the World.
The following Letters fent by the Kings of Eajl
India to King fames, are inferted, to fhew the
Efteem they had of the Englijh in thofe Parts.
1. The King of Tarnata’r Letter to the King .
I HAVE heard of your Majefty’s Fame, by
the great Captain, Sir Francis Drake, who
came in the Time of my Father, about thirty
Years ago; by which Captain my Predecefior
fent a Ring to the Queen of England, as a To¬
ken of Remembrance; if the aforefaid Drake
had been living, he could have informed your
Majefty of the great Love and Friendfhip between
us, he adding in Behalf of the Queen, my Fa¬
ther for him and his Succeftors ; and ever lince
3 Purchas , in the Margin, would have his Readers underftand this of the Merchants who traded (or rather
warred) not of the whole Land or belt Men of Holland. Loofcrs (continues he) veil l have Leave to /peak ; and
Mu chants envy each other. However that be, the Obfervation of the Writer of the Voyage is a very juft Con-
chfion from the Premifes ; and has been fatally verified often ftnee to the Englijh , particularly in the Affair of
Amboy mi, a few Years after.
5
that
jl 605.
i.Iidoleton.
Voyages / Englis
that Captain’s Departure, we daily expected his a
Return, my Father living many Years after j
and I after his Death have lived in the fame
Hope, till I was Father of eleven Children. In
which Time I have been informed, that the En¬
glijh were Men of a bad Difpofition ; and that
they came not as peaceable Merchants, but to
difpoflefs us of our Kingdoms: Which by the
Coming of the Bearer hereof, we have found to be
falfe ; a Thing we greatly rejoice at. And after
many Years Expedition of fome Englijh Forces, b
according to the Promife of Captain Drake ,
here arrived certain Ships, which w’e hoped had
been Englijh : But finding them of another Na¬
tion, and being out of all Hope of Succour from
the Englijh , we were conftrained to write to the
Prince of Holland , to crave Aid and Afliftance
againft our antient Enemies, the Portugueze ; and
according to our Requeft, he hath fent hither his
Forces, which have expelled the Portugueze out
of all the Forts they held at Amboyna and Tydore. c
Inafmuch as your Majefty hath fent me a moll
kind and friendly Letter by your Servant, Cap¬
tain Henry Middleton , the fame doth not a little
rejoice us. And whereas Captain Henry Mid¬
dleton was defirous to leave a Fadlory here, we
were very inclinable thereunto. This the Captain
of the Hollanders underftanding, he came to chal¬
lenge me with a former Promife, which I had
written to the Prince of Holland ; that if he
would fend me fuch Succours, as ftiould expel d
the Portugueze out of thefe Parts, no other Na¬
tion ftiould trade there but they : So that we
were compelled againft our liking to yield to the
Holland Captain’s Requeft for this Time, for
which we crave Pardon of your Highnefs ; pro-
mifing, that if any of your Nation repair hither
in Time to come, they {hall be welcome. And
although the chief Captain of the Hollanders
doth follicit us not to hold any Friendfhip with
your Nation, or give Ear to your Highnefs’s e
Letters; yet, for all their Suit, if you pleafe to
fend here again, you {hall be welcome. And in
Token of our Friendfhip, [and that] which we
defire of your Majefty, we have fent you a fmall
Prefent, a Bahar of Cloves, our Country being
poor, and yielding no better Commodity ; which
we pray your Highnefs to receive in good Part.
Tarnata.
II. The King of Tydoreh Letter to the King’s f
Majejly of England.
THIS Writing of the King of Tydore to the
King of England , is to let your Highnefs
underftand, that the King of Holland hath fent
h //^ East Indies.
281
into thefe Parts, a Fleet of Ships, to join with 1605*
our antient Enemy, the King of Ternata ; and Culthuift'
they, jointly together, have over-ran and fpoiled '
Part of our Country, and determined to deftroy
both us and our Subjedts. Now, underftanding
by the Bearer hereof, Captain Henry Middleten ,
that your Highnefs is in Friendfhip with the
King of Spain , we defire your Majefty that you
would take Pity of us, that we may not be deftroy-
by the Kings of Holland and Ternata ; to whom
we have offered no Wrong, although by for¬
cible Means, they feek to deprive us of our
Kingdom. And as great Kings upon Earth arc
ordained by God to fuccour all thofe who are
wrongfully opprefled, fo I apply unto your
Majefty for Affiftance againft my Enemies; not
doubting but to find Relief at your Majefty’*
Hands. And in cafe your Majefty do fend hither,
I humbly intreat it may be Captain Henry Mid¬
dleton , or his Brother, with whom I am well ac¬
quainted. God enlarge your Kingdoms, blefa
you, and all your Councils.
Tydore..
hi. The King of Bantam to the King of England.
A LETTER given by your Friend, the
King of Bantam , to the King of England ,
Scotland , France , and Ireland ; defiring God to
preferve your Health, and to exalt you more and
mere, and all your Council. And whereas your
Majefty hath fent a General, Henry Middleton , he
came to me in Health. I did hear, that your Ma¬
jefty was come to the Crown of England , which
doth greatly rejoice my Heart : Now England
and Bantam are both one. 1 have alfo received
a Prefent from your Majefty ; the which I give
you many Thanks for. I do fend your Majefty
two Bezar Stones, the one weighing fourteen
Mafles, the other, three ; and fo God have you
in his Keeping.
Bantam .
SEC T. II.
The Voyage of Captain Colthurft, in the Afcenfion,
to Bantam, and thence to Banda a.
JVritten by Thomas Clayborne.
Fleet fets out. Pajfes the Line. Saldanna Road.
Arrives at Bantam. The Afcenfion comes to Ban¬
da. Directions for entering the Road. The Courfe
of IVinds , or Monfons. If and Defelem. Re¬
turn from Bantam. Double the Cape of Good
Hope. The Hedtor in Dijlrefs. The Sufan loft.
Come to St. Helena. The Hedtor joins them. Ar¬
rive in the Downs.
VoL. I.
a This Voyage is inferted in Purcbas, vol. 1. p. 185, and takes up a little above two Pages. ^
N° XIII.
O 0
r h e
282 Voyages of the E n g l i
160/-. f |T^ H £ fecond of April, 1604, being Mon-
Co'.thurfl. JL day , about Noon, they had Sight of the
?/W' Lizard. The twenty-third [they failed] Weft
l.ict jets cut. South-Weft, twenty-two Leagues, Latitude, fif¬
teen Degrees, five Minutes; and fell with the
Weftermoft Part of St. fago, being Weft by
North, fix Leagues, and at five flood Eaftward,
for Maio , the Wind at North.
The twenty-fourth, they fell with Maio ,
and flood to the Southward of the Illand, and
caft Anchor in fifteen Fathoms, one Point North -
Weft by North, the other Eaft South-Eaft.
The twenty-fifth, they landed, and loft one
of their Merchants, who was taken by the Peo¬
ple of thelfland. Next Morning they landed an
hundred Men, to fee if they could recover him ;
but not being able to come near any of the In¬
habitants, they left him behind : And about nine
at Night they fet Sail, the Wind at North.
Sal.tanna The fixteenth of May , they paffed the Line.
Road. The thirteenth of July, they had Sight of
Cape Bona EJ'peranza , fifteen Leagues off ; and
the feventeenth, anchored in the Road of Salda-
nia , having fixteen Men fick of the Scurvy, but
they all recovered Health before they went from
thence. Saldania is in Latitude thirty-three
Degrees, fifty-fix Minutes, or thirty-four De¬
grees. Here M. Cole , Mafter of the Hctfor,
their Vice-Admiral, was drowned : And here
they flayed five Weeks wanting a Day.
The twentieth of Augujl , they left the Road of
Saldania , the Wind Southerly, and flood Weft-
ward.
C'mt to The twenty-third of December , being Sunday ,
Bantam. they caft Anchor in Bantam Road, where they
found fix Holland Ships, and three or four Pinnaces.
The eighteenth of January [1605.] they fail¬
ed from Bantam , with the Dragon , and the Af¬
cenfion \ but parted at Amboyna. The General
went with the Dragon to the Molukkas , and the
Afcenfion (whereof Mr. Colthurjl was Captain) for
Banda : The Heftor and the Sufan laded Pepper
at Bantam , and fet Sail from thence about the
middle of February.
92*Afcenfion The twentieth of February , the Afcenfion ar-
tomes to Ban- riVC(j Banda, and anchored in four Fathoms
and an half, by Nera, which is the chief Place
in this Ifland. From the South Part of Amboy¬
na to Banda , the Courfe is Eaft by South, to the
Southward, thirty Leagues: The Latitude of
Banda is four Degrees forty Minutes, and the
Entrance is to the Weftward. There is a very
high Hill, which burns continually, which you
muft leave on the Larboard Side, and the other
great Ifland on your Starboard. The going in is
very narrow, and not to be feen till you come
DWiBtons fat within half a Mile. You muft Hand with the
enters** tie Jfland that the Volcano is on, till you are within
Road' two Cables Length of it ; where you (hall find
2.
s h to the East Indies.
about twenty Fathoms : Then ftill advancing, if 1604
the Wind will permit, when you are about a Coithuii
Cable’s Length from it, you fhall find fhallower G'V'*
Water, eight, feven, fix Fathoms, and in the
very narrow of all, five Fathoms ; which Depth
continues till you come into the Road.
A Man may enter without any Danger, keep¬
ing near to the afore-named Ifland: It is indeed
fomewhat fhallow on the Starboard Side, in the
Narrow of the going in ; but that will Ihew it-
felf. There are two fmall Iflands, one called
Pulovoay , and the other, Pulorin , which lie about
three Leagues Weftward of the Entrance. There
is no Danger about them, but what may be very
well perceived ; and you may leave them on
which Side you pleafe, either at your going in,
or coming out.
About the middle of March , the Wind Courjt r
proved variable, and fo continued till the middle
of April ; and then it flood between the Eaft
and South-Eaft four Months together: But the
Natives fay it commonly holds five : Likewife
five Months between Weft and North-Well;
and the other two is variable. In the dark Moons,
they have much gufty Weather and Rain in this
Place ; where they flayed twenty-one Weeks and
fix Days, in which Time eleven of the Men di¬
ed, moftly of the Flux.
The twenty-firft of “July, 1605, they left
Banda , the Wind at Eaft South-Eaft, and flood
to the Weftward. Next Day they fell with the
South End of Burro , the Wind at Eaft South-
Eaft.
The twenty-feventh they bore with Defelem,
and then came about the South End of the Ifland, lem.
leaving feven Iflands on their Larboard. They
flood clofe by the Wind to the Northward, hard
by Defelem , to clear themfelves of a fmall Ifland
and Shoal that lies off the South- Weft Part
thereof; and leaving this Ifland, and all the o-
thcr Shoals on their Larboard, flood North
North-Weft, along the Weft Side of Defelem ,
till they came into fix Degrees, ten Minutes La¬
titude. Then they fleered Weft eighteen Leagues,
and fell with the Point Shoal that lieth off the
South-Weft End of Celebes: Being clear of this
Shoal, the Southermoft Part of which lies in fix
Degrees, they flood to the Weftward.
The fixteenth of Augujl , they caft Anchor in Rttun
Bantam Road ; and the iixth of Ottober fet Sail Bantam,
from thence, with the Dragon and the Afcenfion.
The fifteenth of November , thirty-one Degrees,
forty-eight Minutes Latitude, the Wind North
North-Weft, thick foggy Weather. This Day
about ten in the Morning, they came within a
Ship’s Length of a Rock or funken Ifland. The
Water over it appeared very brown and muddy,
but in fome Places very blue ; and being a Ship’s
Breadth or two. North of it, the Water by the
Ship’s
Voyages of the English
1606. Ship’s Side, looked very black and thick, as if it
•okfcurft. had been Earth, or coarfe Sand boiling up from
it. The Variation at this Place, is twenty-one
Degrees from North to Weld decreafing.
The fixteenth of December, Weft nine Leagues :
Latitude thirty- four Degrees, twenty Minutes.
This Day in the Morning they had Sight of the
Land of Ethiopia , diftant fome twelve Leagues.
The twenty-fixth. Latitude thirty-four Degrees,
thirty Minutes: Being within one League of Cape
Bona Efperanxa , they fleered Weft, and North
imblt Cape Kforth- Weft, and North, as the Land lay about
1 GiO<i A. _ TU rump to
lope
the Cape. The twenty-feventh, they came to
an Anchor in Saldania Road, where they found
the He Si or andthe Dragon , their Admiral : Which
had met with the former feven Days before, driv¬
ing up and down the Sea, about four Leagues off
the Cape, with only ten Men in her, out of fif-
'bc Heitor ty-three ; all the reft being dead, fince the Time
: Diftrefi. {he ieft Bantam , which was nine Months. Three
be Sufan
ft.
Months after her Departure, being
Diftrefs, fhe loft Company of the Sufan,
i 1 _
in great
which
was '‘never heard of1 fince.
Here they came to Anchor in feven Fathoms,
having the low Point going in NorthWeft by
Weft, and the Sugar-loaf South-Weft, half a Point
to the Weft ward ; the Point of the Breach (or Sand
Bank] of Penguin Ifland, North -Weft by North ;
the Hill between the Sugar-loaf, and the low
Point, Weft South-Weft ; and the Peak of the
Hill to the Eaftward of the Table South by Eaft. d
ytreBiom fir The fixteenth of "January [1606.] in the
iidar.na Morning, they left Saldania Road ; palling out to
Northward of Penguin Ifland, between it and
the Continent. One Mile and half to the North
of the Ifle, they found twenty Fathom Water:
The Ground white Coral, and Whiffles of Shells.
When they were clear of the Ifland, they flood
Weft by South, and Weft South-Weft, till they
brought it South-Eaft by Eaft. About fix in the E-
vening they had Sight of the Hettor , coming out e
to the Southward of the Ifland ; for they left her
at Anchor when they weighed. The Wind be¬
ing at South, they flood all Night to the Weft-
operate frm’ward, clofe by a Wind. Next Morning, having
v* Heftcr. j0fl. Sight of the Hettor , they fleered North-
Weft, with a low Sail, till Noon, thinking to
have feen her again, but could not.
The firft of February , their Courfe Weft to
the Southward, fixteen Leagues; the Latitude
fixteen Degrees, twenty Minutes. About one i
to the East Indies. 2^3
in the Afternoon they had Sight of St. Helena , 1606.
bearing Weft to the Northward, twelve or thir- Cohhurft.
teen Leagues. Fhe fecond, they advanced Weft, ~
and Weft by South, four Leagues, lying oft and
on with the Ifland (eight or nine Leagues diftant)
moft Part of the Night, the Wind at South-
Eaft ; and next Morning ftanding to the North¬
ward of it, about Noon came to Anchor ‘nCcw,,aSt>
the Road of St. Helena : Their Land Anchor lay Helena,
in feventeen Fathoms, their Ship riding in twen¬
ty, blackifh, gravelly Sand. To the North-Eaft
they had a Point of Land, and to the North-
Eaft by Eaft, a fharp Hill, like a Sugar-loaf, with
a Crofs on the Top of it. The Church in the
Valley bore South-Eaft; the High-land South-
Eaft from the Church ; and all the Valley is full
of Trees. The other Point of Land lay South -
Weft to the Weftward. They moored South-
Eaft and North-Weft; their Anchor in the Of¬
fing lying in twenty-one Fathoms. The third,
at Nia;ht, they had Sight of the Heftor, coming 7?* Hcflor
about the South End of the Ifland. She flood }olMt em"
North as near as fhe could to the Road (the Wind
at Eaft) but could not fetch it.
Th e fifth and fixth, their Boats went out to
help to get her into the Road, but could not.
At Night, the Wind being low, they towed her
into thirty-five Fathoms, one Mile and half from
Shore, and about two Leagues from them, South-
Weft by Weft.
I The eleventh, they left St. Helena , with an
Eaft North-Eaft Wind, and fleered North-
Weft. This North- Weft Part of the Ifland li-
eth in the Latitude of fixteen Degrees ; and in
feven Degrees, forty-five Minutes of Variation.
Note , that the Church beforementioned ftands in
the Bottom of the fifth Valley, from that Point
that bare North-Eaft of them. They came to Arrive m
an Anchor in the Downs , on the fixth of May, Dowds.
1606, where they rid eight Days for a fair
Wind.
Latitude and Variation.
Saldanna Road
or
Celebes South- Weft End — - — —
Sunken Rock — — - — — 1 —
Variation there Weft — —
St. Helena North- Weft Part — —
Variation — — —
33°
34
6
31
21
16
7
56'
00
00
48
00
00
45
O o 2
CHAR
Voyages of the English to the East Indies,
1602.
Scot-
CHAP. III.
An Account of Java, and the firft Settlement of the Englifh at Bantam. With
a Journal of Occurrences there ; particularly in Regard to what pa fed between
them and the Dutch, as well as the Natives , from 1602, to 1605, inclufively .
1602
Scot.
Fxtraffed from the larger Relation , written by Edmund Scot, chief Faff or.
Previous Remarks
HIS Account of "Java, and Occurrences a
there for four Years, is given by Purchas a;
and may properly ferve as a Supplement to the
two preceding Voyages of Lancajier and Middle-
ton . With the firft, the Author went to Bantam ,
where latterly he was chief Fa&or ; and with the
fecond, returned from thence: Leaving in his
Room Mr. Gabriel Towrfon , the fame unhappy
Gentleman doubtlefs, w7ho feventeen Years after,
fell a Sacrifice to Dutch Cruelty, if not Injuftice,
at Amboyna. b
The whole Narrative is very inftru&ive, as
well as entertaining, (fome Inftancesof Barbarity
excepted) and being written by way of Diary,
or Journal, affords more Light into the Affairs
of the Englijh and Dutch , as well as the Cuftoms
and Manners of the “Javan , and other Inhabi¬
tants of Bantam , than if the Author had dreffed
up a more formal Relation, in the ufual Way of
Travellers : And it muft be obvious to the Rea¬
der, that from thofe minute Particulars relating c
to the Javans and Chinefe , recited in the laft
Se&ions, (which would fcarce have found a Place
in a regular Hiftory) delivered in the fimple natu¬
ral Manner in which they occurred, he is able to
collect a far better Notion of the Genius of thofe
People, than can be had from the Defcription of
the Country inferted in the firft : For here, he
only meets with a general Chara&er of the People ;
there, with the Fa£Is and Incidents themfelves,
from whence the Character was drawn. The d
firft may be compared to the Outlines of a Pic¬
ture, the latter to the Colouring, which fo much
heightens and improves the Idea : And this was
one Reafon for inferting the Defcription in this
Place. In like Manner, we have been more par¬
ticular in relating all the Circumftances of the
Bickerings between the Dutch and Englijh ; as they
were the Beginnings of thofe Animofities and
Quarrels, which afterwards were carried to fuch
an Extreme, and gave that Blow to the Englijh e
Trade in the Eajl Indies , which it never hath re¬
covered fince.
SECT. I.
Extent , and Soil of Java. Chief Places of Trade.
Bantam defcribed. Chinefe Town. King's Au¬
thority. Manners of the Javans. Their Arms ;
Drefs ; Religion. Have no Genius for Induflry ;
or Government. Chinefe ; their Religion ; Sa¬
crifices ; extreme Perfuming ; fond of Plays
and Singing. Their Soothfayers. Habit.
AVA MAJOR is an Ifland, the Middle Exam
Part of which lies in the ninthDegree of Lati- So'!'
tude. It is about an hundred and forty-fix Leagues
long, from Eaft to Weft ; and ninety broad, from
South to North. The Middle Part is moftly all
Mountains; which are not fo fteep, but that the
Natives afcend them, both on Horfeback, and on
Foot. Some People dwell upon the Hills, which
are next the Sea : But the very Middle of the
Land, fo far as ever the Author could learn, is
inhabited by nothing but wild Beafts. They are
of divers Sorts; and often defcending into the
Valleys near the Shore, devour many People.
The Land toward the Sea, for the moft Part, is
low marfhy Ground ; and there ftand their prin¬
cipal Towns of Trade : Thefe lie on the North,
and North-Eaft Side of the Bland, as Chiringin, Chief Plete.
Bantam , Jakkatra , and Jortan , or Greefy. Thefe J trade.
Low-lands are very unhealthy, breeding many
Difeafes, (efpecially among Strangers) and yield-
inft no Merchandize worth fpeakingof, but Pep¬
per ; which formerly was brought from all Parts
of the Bland, to Bantam , as being the chief Mart
of the Country. It was likewife imported from di¬
vers other Countries: But of late Years that
Cuftom has ceafed, the Dutch having bought it
up every where.
BANTAM , for Trade, far exceeds Achin, orPantamif
any Port in thofe Parts. It is about three Eng-Icr,btd'
3 See his Pilgrims , Vol. i. p. 164. This Tratt contains twenty-one Pages; and is there intitled, A Dijcourje
lauj the firft Englifh Faflorytbere, with divers Indian, Englifh, and Dutch Occurrences', written by
Hafier Edmund Scot ; containing a Hiftory of Things done from the eleventh of February, 1602, till the fixth of
October, 1605, abbreviated. J J
lijh
j602.
Scot.
'hirere
fawn.
ting's Au
busty.
\
Voyages of the Engli
UJb Miles in Length, and very populous : There ;
are three Markets kept every Day, one in the
Forenoon, and two in the Afternoon; where
the Throng is as great, efpecially to the firft, as
at Fairs in England: Yet Mr. Scot never faw any
Kind of Cattle to fell, by reafon there are very
few tame in the Country. Their P'ood is Rice,
with fome Hens, and a little Fifti. The Houfes
of the Javans , are all made of great Canes, and
fome fmall Timber, being flight Buildings : Yet,
in many of the principal Mens Houfes, good
Workmanfhip is feen, as Carving, &c. Some have
a fquare Brick Room, for the foie Ufe of fecuring
their Furniture, in cafe of Fire. Many fmall
Streams run through the Town ; which hath alfo
a good Road for Ships : So that if they were Peo¬
ple who had any Genius, it might be made a very
handfome City. It is furrounded with a Brick
Wall, and well fortified with Flankers, and
Towers, fcouring the Country everyWay. The
Author was told, that it was firft built by the
Chinefe: But in many Places it is fallen to Decay,
for want of repairing. At one End of this
City, is the Chinefe Town, a narrow River part¬
ing them, which runs from thence to the King’s
Palace, and fo through the great Town ; to the
Middle of which, at high Water, both Galleys,
and Junks, of great Burthen, may fail up.
This Chinefe Town is, for the moft Part,
built with Brick. The Houfes are fquare, and
flat at Top ; fome of them having Boards, and
fmall Pieces of Timber, or fplit Canes laid acrofs,
on which are placed Bricks and Sand, to defend
them from Fire. Over thefe Brick- Warehoufes,
there is a Shed, raifed with great Canes, and
thatched. Some are built with fmall Timber :
But the greateft Number with Canes only. Since
the Englijh came hither, many of the richer Sort
have built their Houfes to theTop, all Fi re- proof :
Whereas before there was none of that Sort to be
met with, except the Shah Bandar § *, and the
rich China Merchant’s Houfe ; which neverthe-
lefs, by Means of their Windows, and the Sheds
that furround them, have been confirmed. In
this Town, the Englijh and Dutch have their
Houfes, which are built in the fame Manner;
only they are a great deal bigger, and higher
than ordinary Houfes. The Dutch have lately,
at great Expence and Trouble, built one of their
Houfes of Brick up to theTop, proof, as they
fuppofe, againft Fire.
The King of this Place is abfolute : And
fir.ce the Depofing and Death of the late Em¬
peror of Damake, is held the principal King of
all that Ifland. He punifheth Offenders always
according to Martial Law. If any private Man’s
Wife be convicted of Adultery, Ihe is prefently
H tO the E A S T I N D I E 9. 285
put to Death, as well as the Gallant. They 1602.
may execute their Slaves for any fmall Fault. Scot.
The Javans are limited to three Wives; and for
every Wife a Freeman marries, he is obliged to
keep ten Women Slaves; and fome purchafe forty
or more, whom they make ufe of at Will.
The Javans are generally exceeding proud, Manners of
although extremely poor, by reafon, that not tb: J5var,s^
one in an hundred will work. The Gentlemen
are reduced by the Number of Slaves they keep,
who eat fafter than their Pepper or Rice grows.
The Chinefe both plant, drefs, and gather the
Pepper ; and alfo fow their Rice, living as Slaves
under them : But they gain by their Mafters La-
zinefs ; draining, in Effeift, all the Wealth of
the Land to themfelves. A Javan is fo proud,,
that he will not endure an Equal to fit an Inch’
higher than himfelf. They are a very blood-
thirfty revengeful People ; yet when they have a
Quarrel againft any one, either of their own, or
an other Nation, feldom decide it by fair Fight¬
ing, but murder the Party cowardly : Although,
they are, for the moft Part, large- bodied Men.
Their Law for Murder, is to pay a Fine to the
King, which is but fmall ; So that the Friends of
the Deceafed will be fine to revenge his Death
on the Murderer, or his Kindred ; while the
King’s Revenue increafes, the more Aftaflinations-
there are committed.
Their ordinary Weapon is called a Crife, Their At mu
and about two Foot in length : The Blade is fcal-
lopped, (like a flaming Sword) and withal, ex¬
ceeding Iharp. The Metal of moft of them, is poi-
foned in the Tempering; fo that not one in five
hundred, who is wounded with them, efcapeth
with his Life. The Handles of thefe Weapons,
are either of Horn, or Wood, curioufly carved
in the Likenefs of a Devil, which many of them
worfhip. In their Wars, they fight with Pikes,
Darts, and Targets. Of late, a few of them
have learned to ufe Mufkets ; but they handle
them very awkardly..
The Apparel of the better Sort, is a Turban Thw Dr ij.
on their Heads; and about their Loins, a fine
Piece of Calico ; All the reft of their Body is
naked. Now-and-then, on extraordinary Occa-
fions only, they wear a clofe Coat, fomewhat like
a Caffock, of Velvet, or other Kind of Silk. The
common Sort were on their Head, a flat Cap of
Velvet, Taffata, or Calico, confifting of many
Pieces, neatly fewed together, to make them fit
tight. A Piece of two Colours is tied about their
Waift, in Manner of a Girdle; but at leaft one
Yard broad. This is a kind of Calico, made at
Clyn , from whence come many Sorts; which
they dye, paint, and gild, according to the Fafhion
of that Country.. They likewife may have a kind
8 In Purchas,. Sabitidar*
286 Voyages of the E N c
1602. of ft riped Stuff, made of either Cotton, or Rinds
Scor. of Trees; but they are fo lazy, that there is very
-V — ''little of it worn. Mod of the Men bave^very
thick curled Hair, in which they take great Pride,
often going bareheaded to fhew it. The W omen
alfo go with their Heads bare, and their Hair tied
up, like the Tails of Horfes in England. About
their Middles they wear the fame Covering as the
Men ; always having a fair Girdle, or Pintado,
of their Country Fafhion, thrown over their
Shoulders, which hangeth down loofe behind.
Region. The principal Men among them, are mod
religious ; but they feldom go to Church. They
acknowledge Chrift for a Prophet, whom they
call Nabi Ifa 3 ; and fome of them keep Moham¬
medan Priefts in their Houfes : But the common
People have very little Notion of any Religion,
only they fay there is a God, who made Heaven
and Earth, and them alfo ; that he is good, and
■will not hurt them : But that there is a Devil,
who being of a malevolent Difpofition, is inclined
to afflict them ; wherefore, many pray to him,
merely for Fear. Both Sexes are very lafcivioufly
given.* All thofe who are in Authority, are guilty
of taking Bribes ; and the Javans , in general,
are bad Paymafters, notwithftanding their Laws
tor Debt are fo Arid, that the Creditor may take
his Debtor, his Wives, Children, Slaves, and all
that he hath, and fell them for his Debt.
v q iul They are alfo much addicted to ffealing from
for itiJvjiry, the higheft to the loweft; and without Doubt,
formerly, they were Man-eaters b, before the
Chinefe traded with them : Which, as the Author
wastold, was not above one hundred Years thence.
They delight much in Eafe and Mufick ; and for
the mod Part, fpend the Day fitting crofs-legged
like a Taylor, whittling a Stick ; whereby many
of them become very good Carvers : And indeed,
all the Work that moft of them covet to do, is
to carve the Handle of their Crife. They are
very great Eaters ; but the Gentlemen allow their
Slaves nothing but Rice boiled in Water, with
fome Roots and Herbs. Among the the latter,
is one called Beitaile, which they ufually have
carried with them in Boxes, or wrapped up in a
Cloth, like a Sugar Loaf ; alfo a Nut, called Pi-
nango : Thefe are both of a very hot Quality ;
and they eat them continually to warm their
Stomachs, and keep them from the Flux. They
b i s h to the East Indies.
a likewife are great Takers of Tobacco, and O- 1602.
pium. Scot.
The Javans having no Genius for Govern- v — “v—
ment, or managing Affairs of State, many of ff ’ver*'
thofe who come from the Country of Clyn, to
fettle there, grow very rich, and rife to great
Offices and Dignity ainongft them : Such as that
of Shah Bandar , Laytamougon , &c. But moft of
all the Chinefe, who, like Jews, live crouching
under them, yet fleece them of their W ealth,
b and fend it to China.
The Chinefe are very crafty in Trading, u ft ng Chinefe,
all Kind of Couzening, and Tricks, that can be^ir',f"~
devifed. They have no Pride in them, nor will
refufe any Labour; except they turn Javans, ( as
many of them do, when they have committed a
Murder, or fome other Villany) and then they
become every whit as proud, and as lazy. For
their Religion, they are of divers Se£ts; but moft
of them are Atheifts. Many of them believe,
c that when they die, if they were good Livers,
they fhall be born again to great Riches, and be
made Governors : But if wicked Men, they fhall
be turned into fome vile Animal, as a Frog, or
a Toad c. They burn Sacrifices every new Moon,
mumbling Prayers over them, with a kind of
finging Voice ; and as they fing, they tinkle a
little Bell, which at the End of every Pray¬
er, they ring out as loud as they can. This
Ceremony they alfo obferve, when any amongft
d them of any Account lie a dying. The Manner of
their Sacrifice is this: They furnifh their Altars Burnt Sec
with Goats, Hens, Ducks, and divers Sorts ofAe,<
Fruits ; which Flefh is fometimes ready dreffed
for eating, and fometimes raw ; but is afterwards
dreffed and eaten. All that they burn, is only
Papers painted, and cut out in Figures, which are
valued by them at a certain Price. The Author
many Times afked them, to whom they burned
their Sacrifice ? And they anfwered, to God :
e But the Guzerats d, and Turks , who are there,
faid, they burned it to the Devil : If they do fo,
they are afhamed to confefs it.
Many of them are well fkilled in Aftronomy,
and keep an exadt Account of Time. They ob¬
ferve no Sabbath, nor one Day more than other,
except when they lay the Foundation of a Houfe,
or begin fome other great Work ; which Day,
they ever after keep as a Holiday. When any of
a That is. Prophet Jefus : This fhews they fpeak Arabic. Thefe muftbe Foreigners, commonly called Moors ,
(who have fettled, and gotten the Dominion in many of the Iflands) or their Converts. b It is ftrange the
Author fhould fuggeft fuch a Thing, without fhewing any Reafon for it. It is queftioned by many, if there are,
or ever were fuch People in the World ; notwithstanding the Reports both of the Antients and Moderns, which
they fay are groundleis, putting this among the Number of the Fictions of Travellers. See, on this Occafion,
Atkins' s Voyuge to Guinea, Cf c. p. 122, & J'eqq. Nor is it likely the Javans, if they had been Man-eaters, fhould
in fo fhort a Space of Time, have abandoned that Cuitom, by the Advice or Example of thofe New-comers,
and almoft wholly given over the eating of Flelh, to live on Rice. « The Se& here deferibed, is that
of Ft„ d In Purchas, Goferats .
th£
1 x602.
Scot.
v/V'0
Extreme? tr
Ifuming'
Fond of
Plays and
Smgwg.
Voyages j/^Engli
the wealthy Sort die in Bantam , their Bodies are
burnt, and the Allies carried in Jarrs, clofe
flopped up, to their Friends in China . When
fome of them have lain a dying, Mr. Scot hath
obferved them to burn feven Perfumes : Four of
them being large, and calling great Light, were
fet upon a Cane, which relied upon two Sup¬
ports, about fix Foot from the Ground ; and the
other three, which were very fmall, and burnt
dim, were placed on the Ground diredtly under
them. He often enquired the Meaning of this
Ceremony, but could never get any other An-
fwer, than that it was the Falhion of China
which is all the Grounds they have for many
other Culloms.
They delight much in Plays and Singing, but
have the worll Voices in the World. Thefe
Plays or Interludes are performed as Service to
their Gods ; and often introduced with a burnt
Sacrifice, the Priells kneeling down frequently,
and killing the Ground three Times fuccefiively.
Thefe Plays are a£led commonly when they think
their Junks or Shipping are fet out from China ;
likewife when they arrive at Bantam , and fet out
from thence towards China. They fometimes be¬
gin at Noon, and do not end till next Morning,
being for the general exhibited in the open Street,
on Stages fet up for the Purpofe.
These People have their Soothfayers, who
fometimes run ranging up and down the Streets
like Madmen, with drawn Swords in their Hands,
taring their Hair, and throwing themfelves a-
gainft the Ground. They affirm, that when they
are in thefe frantic Fits, they can tell what fhall
come to pafs. Many Chinefe believe this ; and
when they fend a Junk to Sea, apply to them, to
know whether they lhall fpeed well or not ; and
by their Report, Things have fallen out juft as
the Diviner had predicted.
Their Habit. The Chinefe wear long Gowns, with CafFoks
under them, hanging fomething lower. Mr.
Scot was perfuaded, they were the moll effemi¬
nate and cowardly People in the World. On
their Heads they wear a Caul, fome made of Silk,
and others of Hair. The Flair of their Heads is
very long, which they bind up in a Knot, juft
over the Crown. Their Nobility and Governors
wear Hoods of fundry Fallnons : Some of them
are of an odd Make, one half being like a Hat,
and the other like a French Hood ; others again
are of Net-work, with a high Crown and no
Brims.
These People are tail and ftrong, with very
fmall black Eyes, and generally without any Hair
on their Faces. They will deal and do any Kind
of Villainy to get Wealth. Their Manner at
Then Sooth
fajert ,
s h to the East Indies.
a Bantam is, to buy Women Slaves, (for they bring
no Women out of China ) by whom they have
many Children : And when they go back to their
own Country, with an Intention to return no
more to Bantam, they fell their Women ; but carry
their Children with them. As for their Goods, they
leave an Order for fome to be fent after them
with every Fleet that fails : For if they die in
Bantam , all the Effects they have there belong to
the King ; and if once they cut their Hair, they
b mull never return to China : However their
Children may, provided they do not cut their
Hair.
SECT. II.
Englifh FaStory at Bantam. Quarrel with the
Javans. The Town fired. Factory in Danger.
Van Warwick, with the Dutch Fleet, arrives.
His Gratitude and Courtefy. The Englifh dif-
turbed by the Court. Redrejfed by the Javan Ad-
C tniral. The Town fired twice. The Protestor’s
Threats. His Difcourfe with the FaStor. Dan¬
ger from Fire. Infults from the Javans. Dif-
orders of the Dutch. They come off ivith the
worfi. Lampons , Affaffins. Defigns of the ]a -
vans defeated. Plunder the Chinefe. EffeEls of
Terror on the Englifh.
«
WHEN the General a departed from Ban- FaBcry at
tarn, the iwenty-firft of February , i6o2,Baatam*
J he left nine Perfons to refide there ; over whom
he appointed Mr. William Starkey to be chief Com¬
mander : He likewife left his Pinnace wfith thir¬
teen more to go for Banda, under the Command of
Thomas Tudde , Merchant ; and for Matter, one
Thomas Keith. As his Orders were, that the Pin¬
nace fhould be fent away with all Speed, fhe was
forthwith laden with fifty-fix Chefts and Packs
of Goods, and on the fixth of March, at Night,
fet Sail j but by Reafon of contrary Winds, fhe
e was forced to return, after fhe had fpent near
two Months, beating up and down at Sea. The
General left the Englifh two Houfes full of Goods*
(befides fome which lay in the Houfe of the
Dutch-,) but their Number was too few to
manage one well.
Before the Ships departed, a Quarrel arofe%Ww/r6
betwixt the Englifio and the Javans, who fought'^ Javans»
by all Means they could to be revenged : Info-
much, that prefemly after the Pinnace fet Sail*
f they attempted to fire their principal Houfe with
Darts and Arrows in the Night ; and if, in the
Day, thev brought out any Goods to air, they
were lure to have the Town fired not far to
Windward. Had not thofe Fire- Arrows been
difeovered by fome of them, in all Probability
* This was Captain Lancafier. See before, p. 274 r. where the Number left behind appear to be eleven,
eight Perfons, befides three Factor', of which Sect feems to have been- one.
<17.-:
both
The Town
fired.
Voyages of the Engl
both Houfe and Goods had been confirmed, as
plainly appeared by the Top, when they went to
repair it. This Malice of the rafcally Sort of Peo¬
ple continued for the Space of two Years before
it was quafned.
So foon as the Pinnace was difpatched, they
Began to lay the Foundation of their Houfe,
which was feventy-two Foot long, and thirty-fix
broad : But juft at that Time, a new Protector
[of the King] happening to be chofen, they
were put to lonie Trouble and Coft, before they
could be permitted to go thorough with it. They
likewife aired their Prize Goods ; and Mr.
Starky caufed the Leathers of molt of the Packs
to be ftripped off: After which, thefe Goods did
not keep their Colours any Thing fo well as the
reft.
The twenty-firft of March , the Town was
fet on Fire by a Gun, (hot off by a Chinefe Cap¬
tain, which confumed many Houfes full of Mer¬
chandize. Amongft others, the Dutch Houfe was
burnt to the Ground, where the Englijh had fix-
ty-five Bales of Goods, befides fome Pepper. They
had alfo fome Pepper lying at a Chinefe Houfe ;
which, for the molt Part, was burned and fpoil-
ed : So that they loft one hundred and ninety
Sacks, befides the Damage the reft received.
Their Lofs by this Fire was great ; but it was
well it proved no greater, confidering how near
the Flame came to both their Houfes, then in no
Condition to withftand it, efpecially one of them,
which the Fire approached within three Yards ;
infomuch, that the Jams of the Windows were
fo hot, that a Man could hardly fuffer his Hand
"EngTirti Fcc-to touch them : And yet the old and dry Thatch
tory tn Dan- took not Fire, to the great Surprife of People
of feveral Nations. All the Villains in the Coun¬
try were gathered about this Houfe ; fo that the
Englijh durft take no Reft that Night, for Fear
they ftiould throw fome Firebrands upon it. In
the Evening, as fome of them flood at the Door,
there came Javans , whom they knew to be no¬
torious Thieves, and afked what Number of
them lay in that Houfe? They were afked again,
what Bufinefs was that of theirs ? And told, that
if they would know, they fhould come at Mid¬
night and fee. At this Anfwer they went away
very much difgruntled: But they were fo very
bold, that in the Day-time they would come,
and before the Faces of the Englijh look to fee
how their Doors were hung, and what Fattening
they had within. They were often informed by
fome, who wifhed them well, that if they did
not keep good Watch, there was a Crew who
defigned to break in fuddenly upon them, and
cut their Throats ; infomuch, that there be¬
ing but four in that Houfe, (of whom the Au¬
thor was one) what with over -watching, and
what with the Flux, which reigneth much in
&r
I S II to the E A 8 T I N D I E S.
a that Country, they were grown fo very weak, 1602.
that two of them never recovered it. Se.,c.
The nineteenth of April , 1603, there came'—
into the Road nine Sail of Hollanders , under ^.an War*
the Command of IVyborneVan JVarwick , who fhort- W1C^ tf,r,w
ly after fent two of them for China , and two for
the Mclukkos ; two laded at Bantam , and one went
to Jortan. He likewife difpatched a Pinnace to
Achen , to order certain Ships (that went from
thence by Captain Spilberg’s Directions to Zeilon>
b to take a fmall Fort from the Portuguese) to
come to Bantam ; he waiting there with one Ship
for their Arrival. The Englijh were very much
beholden to this General, for Wine, and Bread, be¬
fides many other Neceffaries and Courtefies re- Hit G'ati.
ceived at his Hands. He would often tell them, tvde ar.d
how Sir Richard Lufon relieved him at Sea, whenCwr"^*
he was likely to perifti ; and that, for the fame
Reafon, he was -bound to be kind to the Englijh -
men , wherever he met with them. To fpeak the
c Truth, fays Mr. &•<?/, there was not any Thing
in his Ships for the Relief of fick Men, but they
might have commanded it as freely, as if it had
been their own. He likewife exprefled himfelf
with great RefpeCl alwat's of the Queen : But
there were fome of bafer Sort in his Fleet, who
fpoke very unbecoming Things of her in Difcourfe
with the Javans .
The twenty-fifth of April , Homos Morgan The Engirt
their fecond Factor died, who had been fickly a dijiurbtd by
d long Time : Mr. Starkey alfo began to grow very tbe Court“
weak. The twenty-eighth, the Pinnace return¬
ed from Banda , having loft one of her Factors,
JVilliam Chafe ; and the reft were but weak
and fickly. About this Time, fome of the
King’s Officers came to forbid them to go for¬
ward with their Houfe ; probably becaufe the
new Protector had not as yet received a Prefent.
The Shah Bandar and he being at that Time at
Variance, they complained to Kay Tomongone Go-
e hay , the Admiral ; who indeed was the Father
of all Strangers in that Place. He prefently made
a great Feaft, and inviting all the principal Per-
fons of the Court, took an Opportunity to tal k.ReJ»{fedh
of this Affair of the Englijh ; telling them what the Admird
a Shame it was, that the King and they fhould not^ ^va*
keep their Words to the General and Merchants;
and that rather than he would break his Word,
he would go dwell in a fmall Cottage himfelf,
and let them have his Houle. After much ado,
f he brought them to confent, that they fhould go
forward with their Houfe, which in fhort Time
after was finifhed.
Their principal Merchant, fearing Pepper
would be dear, by Reafon of the Flemmijh Ships
that were there, or daily expected, bought up as
much as he could ; and becaufe the Houfe was
not. yet ready, he difburfed his Money before the
Goods were weighed. Now the Flemmings , not
being
1 603.
Scot.
Town
i twici.
Protec-
’» Ureal 1.
ticiurjt
’ib Scot.
V O Y A G E s of the E K G L I
being curious about their Pepper, when the Eng- a
lijh came to take theirs, they were forced to re¬
ceive it as the others did, or elfe they fhould have
had neither Money nor Pepper: So that they had
in that Parcel much .foul and bad Pepper.
On the laft of ‘ June , Mr. Starkey ended his
Days *, whofe Burial General Warwick caufed to
be honoured with a Company of Shot and Pikes,
the Colours being trailed according to the Order
of Soldiers Burial.
The fourth of July, the great Market on the b
Eaft-fide of the River was fet on Fire by Vil¬
lainy of certain ‘ Javans , in order to get fome
Spoil out of the Chinefe Effetfts. By this alfo the
Englijh were Lofers ; fome Chinefe , who were in¬
debted to them, having loft all that they were
worth in the World. The feventeenth, Thomas
Dobfon , one of the Faftors for Banc/a, died: The
twenty-feventh, the Town was burnt again on
the Eaft-fide of the River.
The fifth of Augufl , at ten o’Clock at Night, c
there came to the Englijh Houfe Captain Spilberg ,
Captain John P owl fin , and fome other Dutch
Captains ; who told them, they had been that
Day with the Protector about fome Bufinefs, and
that he afked them, if they would take the Parts
of the Englijh , in cafe he fhould do them any
Violence? To which they anfwered, that the
Englijh and they were near Neighbours, and
therefore they could not fee them wronged : But
yet that he ftri&ly charged them not be offended d
with him, or aid them, whatfoever Way he pro¬
ceeded with them.
Hereupon Mr. Scot went prefently to the
Proteflor, and gave him a fmall Prefent ; and alfo
Thanks for his Men, whom, four or five Days
before, he had fent to help the Englijh in their
Building. He received the Prefent, but his Coun¬
tenance fhewed he was angry : He told Scot , that
he was then going about Bufinefs to the King,
but would fend for him next Morning ; for ti : e
he wanted to fpeak to him. The fame Day the
Admiral fent his Son to him, to know what his
Meaning was to ufe fuch threatning Speeches a-
gainft the Englijh : But he denied them.
Next Morning he fent for Scot , and afked
him, who had informed him, that he defigned to
hurt the Eng/iJJ) ? Upon his anfwering, the Hol¬
landers : He afked, whether they were Slaves or
Captains ? And being told they were Captains, he
bad Scot fhew his Scrivano thofe Captains. He f
added, that if any Javan or Chinefe had done it,
he would have fent for him, and cut his Throat
h.fore the Englijh. Then he began to find Fault
with them, becaufe they did not come to him
when they had any Suit to make, but went to the
Shah Bandar , or the Admiral. Mr. Scot , by way
of Apology, anfwered, that he was but newly
come into his Place, and that the Englijh as yet
Vol. L N° 13.
SH to the East Indies.
289
were not acquainted with him ; but that for the 1603.
future he would apply to his Honour. Then he Scot,
promifed to befriend them all in his Power ; but k/'VNJ
it was pure Diflimulation only to borrow Money
from them. About this Time, the Flemmings
fpread a Rumour through their own Fleet, that
the King would force the Englijh to lend him five
thoufand Rials of Eight, or caufe their Houfe to
be plucked down again : But that Report was
falfc, for neither the King nor the Protector had
at that Time fent to them for any ; nor did in
four Months after.
The feventeenth of Augufl, Captain Spilberg Danger frm
having fold all his Commodities, (which he fhared F*re'
in the Englifi Prize) and laden his Ships and Pin¬
nace with Pepper, departed thence with two
Ships more of Warwick's Fleet in his Company.
The nineteenth of Augufl , having brought out
certain Packs of Goods to air, a Javan , who
was a Slave to one of the Principal of the Coun¬
try, threw fome Fire-works upon a thatched
Houfe, a little to Windward of the Factory :
The Englijh efpying it, purfued, took him, and
carried him before Kay Tomongone , the Admiral,
who put him in Irons. Within an Hour after,
there came feveral of his Comrades, who would
have taken him away by Force : Hereupon the
Admiral’s Men and they fell together by the Ears,
and many were hurt on both Sides. The Admi¬
ral, fo foon as his Men had beaten the others off*,
fent him to the King : But becaufe his Mafter
was one of the King’s Favourites, he was not
put to Death, although by the Law of the Coun¬
try he fhould have died ; nor did the Englijh
greatly feek it, becaufe his Mafter was their
Friend alfo. It may farther be obferved, that
the Javans are fo wicked and bloody a People,
that although they commit Crimes, they take the
Punifhment as Injuries never to be put up, but
by the Death of their Mafters : So that if any
Slave offend, he is either quite forgiven, or elfe
put to death. But then they are very obedient,
and feldom offend their Mafters, becaufe they are
for the moft Part as wicked as themfelves.
The twenty-fecond of Augufl , at Night, cer- injulet from
tain Javans having gotten into a great Yard, tbe Javan*,
hard by the Englijh Quarters, while they were
finging aPfalm, (which was their Cuftom when
they fet theirWatch) threw Stones at theWindows,
as if they would have beaten down the Houfe, fome
of which coming in very narrowly milled them.
However they took fome of the Rogues, whom
yet upon Submiflion they fpared.
About this Time a Quarrel arifing between jDiftrdm of
the Flemmings and the Chinefe , fome were hurt and tbi Dutch,
flain on both Sides. This was owing to the Mif-
behaviour of the Flemmings ; who in that Place
carry themfelves very rude and diforderly, to fuch
a Decree, that they are a Scandal to the Name of
p p Cbriftam »
2go
160
Voyages of the English to the East Indies,
This is to be underftood only of the
Chriflians
Sent. vulgar Sort, over whom, when they are afhore,
G'VNJa nd in Drink, their Officers have no Command.
They came off with the worft however at laft :
Not that they were chaflifed by the Chinefe , or
vanquilhed by the Manhood of the Javans ; but
fome, who were Slaves to certain turn - coat
Chinefe , would {leal behind the Flemmings in the
Evening, and flab them unawares.
7 key urn off One Day, being very clamorous about one
lZ%lhe ^eir Men, who was (lain, the Protestor afked
them, whether, when they came to any Coun¬
try to trade, they brought Laws with them ; or
whether they were governed bv the Laws of the
Country they were in ? To which they anfwer-
ed, that when thev were aboard their Ships, they
were governed by their own Laws; but when they
were afhore, they were fubje£t to the Laws of
the Country they were in. Well, faid the Pro¬
testor, then I will tell you the Law of the Coun¬
try, which is this : If one kill a Slave, he mud
pay twenty Rials of Eight ; if a Freeman, fifty j
and if a Gentleman, an hundred. The Flem¬
mings requeued to have that under his own Hand,
which was granted ; and this was all the Amends
they had for their Man being killed : Yet, if they
would have taken fifty Rials of Eight, they might
have had it.
Lampons About the fifth of September , there arrived
a Junk full of Men from the Ifland of Lampon ,
in the Streights of Sunda : The Natives are fworn
Enemies to all who inhabit Bantam , as well as
the Javans , from whom however they are not
to be diftinguifhed ; many Javans likewife affo-
ciate with them. Thefe Lampons being, in all
Refpedts, fo like the Javans , would boldly come
into the Town not only in the Evenings and
Nights, but even at Noon Day ; and entering
Peoples Houfes, cut off their Heads : So that for
a Month, the Englijb could take little Reft for
the Lamentations of the People. One Day, while
they were fitting at Dinner, thefe Villains came
and took a Woman, who lived in the next Houfe
to theirs ; and muffling her fo with a Sack, that
fhe could not cry out, carried her into a Tuft of
Bufhes in the Back-fide belonging to the Factory,
and there cut her Throat, but had not Time to
cut off her Head : For her Hufband miffing her,
looked out, and feeing them carry her away,
cried aloud. The Englifo hearing the Noife, rofe
from Dinner and purfued them ; but it was too
late to fave her Life.
Na eajily They were fo fwift, that there was no com-
tehn. jng Up wjth them; and for any Thing the People
of the Fadlory knew, they might be amongft
thofe, who gathered on the Occafion : For it was
thought by fome, that they lay hid in the Bufhes
till the Javans came up, and then ftealing out
mixed with them. There were fome Java Wo-
5
a men, who cut off their Hufband’s Heads in the 1 603
Night, and fold them to the Lampons. They Scot,
hankered much about the Houfe ; and Mr. Scot *"Y—
believes, that if they had not kept good Watch,
they would have attempted to cut their Throats,
if not for their Heads, yet for their Goods. But
after awhile, many of them being known, were
taken and executed. They were Men of very good¬
ly Stature. Their Reafon for undertaking thefe
defperate Adventures is, that the King gives them
b a Woman for every Stranger’s Head they bring
him ; wherefore they would often dig up fuch as
were new buried, and fo impofe upon their King,
At this Time fome Perfons of Note, who De/ign »j
wifhed well to the Englijh , of whom the Ad mi-
ral was one, advifed them to be conftantlv on J a
their Guard : For that fome of the principal Men
of the Land for Birth, though not for Wealth
or Office, who had many Slaves, and but little
to maintain them, had laid a Plot to murder
c them in the Night; in order to plunder their
Goods, (which they took to be ten Times more
than they were) and after to have given out, that
the Lampons had done it. Whereupon they were
forced to keep Lights burning all Night round
their Houfe, for otherwife, being fo black, they
might have come upon them in the Dark before
they were aware : For all the upper W ork of their
Houfes, by reafon of the Heat, was open. They
were alfo built with Canes; the Fence round them
d being of the fame Materials, was but a weak
Building, which might have been eafily beaten
down. The Confpirators came two or three
Times, thinking to have executed their bloody
Defign : But as foon as they came within Sight
of their Lights, and heard the Drum beat at the
End of every Watch, their Hearts failed them ;
concluding the Englijh were prepared to receive
them with their Mufkets and Blunder buffes, as in
reality they were.
e Having thus long waited for an Opportunity, 7% />/a»<!
without ever finding one, they at length fell outtbe Chioel
among themfelves, and fo were difperfed. Divers
others made bold Attempts, but mifearrying like¬
wife, they next fell to work with the Chinefe ;
whofe Houfes at this Time were full of EngliJJ)
Goods, which they had bought from the Factors ;
Infomuch, that every Night, for a long Time,
they heard grievous Outcries, and expe&ed every
Hour to have been affaulted, fo that they durft
f not fleep. Many of their Chinefe Neighbours
were flain, and many more would have buffered,
if they had not defended them with their Shot ;
but the Whizzing of a Bullet is as terrible to a
Javan , as the Cry of the Hounds is to a Hair :
For they cannot ftand the Report of a Gun.
Thefe continual Alarms, and grievous Outcries
of Men, Women, and Children, had fuch an
Effect at laft upon the Englijh , that they would
often
Voyages of the Englis
1^02. often dream of purfuing the Javans ; and fudden- a
Scot, ly leaping out of their Beds, lay hold of their
— Weapons : One Man hearing the Noife his next
°f ^ Fellow made, would ftart up 1 ike wife ; and thus
— Scuffling together in their Sleep, have wounded
one another, before thofe on the Watch could
come to part them. This Mifchief might have
been in good Meafure prevented, by laying their
Arms farther from them ; but then they would
not have been ready in cafe of an Attack, which
they looked for every Moment. Their Number b
being but few, Mr. Scot took his Turn to watch
like the reft, in which Poft he often ftood more
in Fear of his own Men, than the Javans ; and
whenever he heard them buftling together, he
ufed to catch up a Target, for fear they fhould
fall upon him.
rtheAi- But all their Fear on this Account was no-
r» thing in Comparifon of that which arofe from
the Apprehenlion of Fire. O this Word Fire !
(fays the Author) had it been fpoken near me, c
either in Englijh , Alallayan , Javanefe , or C bi¬
ne fe ; although I had been found afleep, yet I
fhould have leaped out of my Bed, as I have
fometimes done, when our Men, on the Watch,
have but whifpered one to another of Fire : In-
fomuch, that I was forced to warn them, not to ’
mention Fire in the Night, except they had ex¬
traordinary Occafion.
y tbe Not only Mr. Scot himfelf, but the other Fac-
'■(t FjfJ.es, tors, Thomas Tudd, and Gabriel Tower fon, after d
their Watches had been out, and they were fallen
fo faft afleep, that the beating of a Drum at their
Chamber Doors could not awaken them ; yet
prefently after, when they have but whifpered the
Word Fire, they have all ftarted up, and ran out
of their Rooms. Thefe Panics however may be
excufed, when it is confidered, that then they
were Strangers : But in two or three Years, they
got feveral Friends there, and the People were
become more orderly, the Government growing e
better, as the young King advanced in Age. In
three Months Space, the Town on the Eaft-fide
of the River was burnt five Times, but the Wind
always favoured the Englijh : And although the
Javans often fired it on their Side, vet, as there
blew but little Wind, the Flames were quenched
before they reached them.
SECT. III.
f
The Dutch ajfume the Name of Englifh. Method
taken to undeceive the Javans. Carak taken by
the Dutch. Adventure of a Dutch Ship. The
Proteftor fends to borrow Money of the Englifh.
Effects of Pepper. Dutch buy good and bad.
h 7(3 ^ East Indies 291
One of their Officers fain. Death of Englifh- 1603.
men. State of Trade. Scot.
ABOUT the fame Jun&ure, great DifputesD.vch pfft
arofe between the Natives and the Flcm-for Eri6i:*'
wings, on Account of the rude Behaviour of the
latter, many of whom were ftabbed in the Even¬
ings. At that Time the common People knew
not the Englijh from the others, for both went
by the Name of Englijhmen ; the Dutch having
affumed it at their fir ft coming thither to trade,
much to the Injury of the true Owners : For as
they pafled along the Street, they could hear the
People in the Market exclaiming againft the Eng¬
lijh , although they meant the Hollanders ; where¬
fore, fearing fome of their Men might be flain
inftead of them, they began to think how to
make themfeves diftinguifhed from the Flemmings.
The feventeenth of November drawing near, Method tahn
which they kept as Coronation-Day, (for, neither'*
then nor the Year following, they knew nothing
to the contrary a) they put on new Suits of Silks,
and wore Scarfs of white and red Taftata : They
alfo made a f lag, with a red Crofs in the Middle;
and becaufe the Merchants would be known from
their Servants, they edged their Scarfs with a
deep Gold Fringe. ' The Day being come, they
fet up the Banner of St. George on the Top of
their Houfe ; and marched up and down within
their own Ground with Drums and Mufkets.
Being but fourteen in Number, they could march
bat Angle one after another, and fo fhot off" their
Pieces, carting themfelves in Rings and Effes.
The Shah Bandar and feveral other prime Offi¬
cers hearing the Fire, came to fee, and to enquire
into the Caufe of their Rejoicing : They were
told, that being the Day on which their Queen
was crowned feven and forty Years before, all
Englijhmen , in what Country foever they were,
obferved it with Marks of Honour. The Shah
Bandar greatly commended them for having their
Prince in Remembrance at fuch a Diftance.
Many afked them, why the Englijhmen at Undeceive the
the other Houfe did not exprefs the fame Zeal ?Javans*
Being anfwered, that they were not Englijhmen ,
but Hollanders ; and that their Country was not go¬
verned by a King: Some replied, that they called
themfelves Engljhmen at firft, and therefore they
took them to be fuch. Thofe of the Fadtory told
them, that they were of another Country near
England , and fpake another Language ; and that
if they talked with them, they fhould find they
were of a different Nation. The Multitude admired
to fee fo many Difcharges made by fuch a fmail
Number of Men ; for the Javans and Chinefe are
no good Shot. In the Afternoon, Mr. Scot caufed
a They fuppofed Queen Elizabeth to have been ftill living.
Pp 2
his
£92
Voyages of the Engli
s h to /^East Indies.
1603. his Men to walk about the Town, and the Mar- a Author feveral Times to lend him two thoufand
fpare
Scot-
ket, for the People to take Notice of them. On
this Occafion their red and white Scarfs and
Hatbands made fucha Shew, that the Inhabitants
of thofe Parts had never feen the like before: So
that ever after they were known from the Holland¬
ers ; and often the Children in the Streets would
run after them, crying, Oran Engrees bagb , or an
Hollanda jahad , that is. The Englifhmen are
good , the Hollanders are naught. General War¬
wick went for Patania , and from thence to
China.
Carak taken The fixth of December , there came in two
ieytkc Dutch. Ships, which fix Months before he had fent thi¬
ther. At the Ifland of Makau a, they found a
Carak at Anchor, laden with raw Silks, Mufk,
and divers other rich Wares, ready to depart.
Mod of her Men happening to be on Shore, they
took her with little or no Refiftance. Having
laden their two Ships, they fet the reft on Fire;
fo that by their own Report, twice as much was
burnt as they brought away. In their Voyage
back they met with a great Junk of Siam b,
which they fought with and took, killing three-
fcore and four Men. Some of their own alfo
were (lain and hurt, but when they found fhe be¬
longed to Siam , they let her go again; becaufe
they either had fent, or fhortly intended to fend
Factors there. The Captain of the Junk was
flain, who, when hailed, (as they alledged) would
not tell them whence he was ; and when they
bad him ftrike, anfwered, that he would not do
it for any Ship that ever failed the Ocean. The
Flemmings not knowing what Mufk was, fold a
great Quantity of it to certain Japanefe , whom
they met with at Sea, for little or nothing.
Adventure tf They flayed about forty Days in Bantam ;
e Dutch • TT* 1 rn. ' , r, J - ... 5
Ship.
in which Time the Sailors had fquandered all their
Pillage, which was very great. On the fevcn-
teenth of January they departed, with two more
in Company. One had laded at Bantam : The
other came from China two Months before, and
had been four Years from home; of which
Time they had fpent fourteen Months in Cochin-
china c, where, at their Arrival, they were be¬
trayed. Their Captains being taken Prifoners,
were made to kneel on their Knees four and
twenty Hours, with their Necks bare ; and one
(landing over them with a Sword ready to ftrike
off their Heads, when the Order ftiould be given.
The Cochinchinefe would not belive but they were
Spies, and Men of War, inftead of Merchants.
Thefe Dutchmen happening to be Papifts, the
Portuguese Friers at length faved their Lives; and
afterwards they were kindly ufed, but their Ran-
fom coft them dear.
*it pretetfor About this Time the Prote&or fent to the
fends to hot -
r«W Money.
a In Purchas, Mackow .
Pure has, Cacbin-china.
It is fpelled by the Portuguese , Makao.
Pieces of Eight ; and if he could not fpare fo
much, one thoufand : But Mr. Scot put him off,
telling him they were left there with Goods, but
no Money ; that the Inhabitants owed them
much, which they could not get in ; and that as-
yet they had bought but little Pepper, towards
the Stock that was to be provided againft the Ar¬
rival of their Ships. 'Fhe Flemmings who came-
in fo rich from Makau , had fo bribed him, that
b now he began to hearken to his Motion for build¬
ing a handfome Houfe.
The fixth of February , they lo R. Robert Wallis, Effefh of
and many more of the Men were fick and lathe : PeWr>
Which was owing to the Heat of the Pepper, in
milling and {hooting it ; fo that for the future
they were forced to hire Chine fe to do that Work,
under the InfpecSlion of their Servants.
The fixteenth, there came in a great Ship
of Zeilan from Pattany. Five or fix Days before
c her Arrival, fhe fent in a fmall Sloop, or Pin¬
nace ; ordering their Fa£tors to buy up all the
Pepper they could : Which made the Englijh ima¬
gine, that General Warwick , with his whole
Fleet, was coming to lade there ; they bought up
all that they found to be good and merchantable :
For the Chinefe fpoiled Abundance, by mixing
W ater and Dirt with it, becaufe the Flemmings
refufed none. This is certain, that the Chinefe <7-^ Dutc|,
bought one of another, and fold to the Flemmings buy g^d a>
d again, at the fame Price they bought ; and yet ’
gained ten Rials of Eight in a hundred Sacks, by
increafing, as above-mentioned : For was it ever
fo bad they knew their Chapmen ; and let the
Wind blow which Way it would, they had Ship¬
ping to come thither, either from the Eaft, or
from the Weft : Infomuch that one would have
thought they intended to carry away the Pepper
growing on the Trees, Mountains and all. The
Javans hearing, that the Country inhabited by
e the Englijh was cold, afked them if they beat the
Pepper in a Mortar, with which they plaiftered
the Walls of their Houfes, to make them warm ?
This Ship had taken a great deal of rich Plunder:
But they fwore the Englijh they had with them,
and charged them, on Pain of lofing their Wa¬
ges, not to difeover any thing ; which their Coun¬
trymen took very unkindly.
The Flemmings at this Time had three Houfes,
on account of different Merchants ; and each
f bought up as much Pepper as could be gotten.
The fifth of March , the Protestor fent, in the
King’s Name, to borrow a thoufand Rials of
Eight of Mr. Scot ; who, to prevent their falling
out with him, which the Flemmings would have
been glad of, lent them five hundred.
About this Time there came-in a Junk,
bad.
In the Original, Sion.
In
from
of the English to the East Indies.
1604.
Voyages
from Jore a, aboard which were certain Flem-
I Scoti mings, who (tole away with their Goods ; becaufe
\rf\JJ ore had been for a long Time very ffraitly be-
fieged by the Portuguese of Malakka , who (as
they faid) offered the King Peace, on Condition
he would deliver-up or kill the Flemmings who
were in the City : To which he anfwered, that
he would fooner lofe his Kingdom. The Begin¬
ning of this Month there were two great Fires
on the other Side of the Water, which did much
Mifchief ; but the Wind ftill favoured the En~
glifi-
ate b officer The Year 1604 affords little elfe to fpeak of their Ships, eight Men, befides the Mulatto who
293
for the Javan who was (lain, and the Hollanders , 1604.
the Life of the Murderer. Accordingly they Scot,
came with a Guard of Shot, the fixteenth ofG^VVJ
April to fee his Execution ; which was perform¬
ed with the quickeft Difpatch.
The fame Evening their Vice-Admiral, withDMf?i0/
another Ship in Company, fet fail for Holland
The fourteenth, Thomas Tudd , before-mention¬
ed, who had been long lick, departed this Life ;
fo that of feven Fadtors left for this Place and
Banda , there were now but two living. The
Engli/h had loft in all, fince the Departure of
j in.
Sutdtrer
xccution.
but Murder, Theft, Wars, Fire, and Treafon.
To begin with a Tragedy. The Englijh had in
their Houfe a Mulatto, of Pegu , brought by their
Ships from Achin', and in the great Ship that
came lately from Pattania , there was one of his
Countrymen, who, on Sunday , the eighth of
April , having gotten a Bottle of Wine, brought it
alhore to make merry with the other. Walking <
abroad in the Afternoon, they met with the P10-
voft of the Ship, who bid the Mulatto get him a-
board. The Fellow anfwered he would not go
yet ; whereupon the Provoft (truck him. The
Companion feeing his Countryman mifufed, and
being fomewhat elevated with a Liquor which
he feldom ufed to drink, refolved to revenge his
Quarrel. He prefently returned home, and as foon
as it was Evening took a Rapier, and a Parget,
and, with his Krife at his Back, went forth.
There being at that Time much Diffenfion be¬
tween the Javans and Flemmings , Mr. Scot had
charged his Men, that, whenever they went out in
the Evening about any Buffnefs, they (hould take
their Weapons with them; for fear any Javans ,
who did not know them, (hould do them a Mif¬
chief in the dark. The reft thinking the Cook
had fent the Peguan to Market for Herbs, or the
like, miftrufted nothing. There went out with
him alfo a Slave of the Shah Bandar's , who was
born and brought up among the Spaniards at the
Manillas. In fnort, meeting the Provoft, and
the other Mulatto together, he began a Quarrel,
and prefently drawing his Krife ftabbed him. Then
fearing his Countryman would difeover the Mur¬
der, ftabbed him alfo ; and would even have (lain
the Slave who went with him, had he not got a-
way, by running through a Ditch. After this,
meeting with a poor Javan , he ftabbed him
likewife b.
W h e N a Javan of any Account is put to
Death, although there be a common Execution¬
er, yet the neareft of Kin does the Office ; and
this is held the greateft Favour they can do them.
The Protector would have twenty Rials of Eight
was executed ; there remaining now but ten Men
and one Boy. The twentieth, died Jafper Genf-
bery , who was Admiral of the two Ships that
were betrayed at Cochinchina.
The two and twentieth of April , there arrived State
a great Junk from China , which was thought to7™^3
be caft away, becaufe (he flayed fo late ; for they
: ufually come in February and March : But her
Coming made Cafhis very cheap all the Year.
This was a great Hinderance to the Englijh , im
the Sale of their Prize-goods ; for when Ca(his
were cheap, and Rials dear, they could not fell
a Piece of Stuff" for half the Value they could
at firft: Befides, the Chinefe had fent all the Rials
they could procure for China ; fo that the Facto¬
ry was forced to give them Credit, or elfe muft
have loft the principal Time of the Year for their
i Sales. As for Pepper, the Flemmings had left
none, but what was in the Hands of Mr. Scot ,
and the Shah Bandar , who would not fell for
any reafonable Price. Moreover their Goods
began to grow old, and the Colours to fade : For
the Warehoufes in that Place are fo hot and moift3.
that how much foever Pains is taken in airing
and turning the Wares, yet they will fpoil any
Sort of Cloth that lies long in them.
e SECT, IV.
Attempt of the Chinefe to rob the Fa Rory. They
Jet Fire to it. With Difficulty flopped. A Dif-
covery made. Some Jeized on Sufpicion. One
executed. Prodigious Cruelty of the Author to
extort a Corfeffion . Prodigious Reflation of the
Criminal. His Execution. Names of the In¬
cendiaries. Mandelikko’r Malice dij'covered by
a Chinefe.
f \ Chinefe , who turned Javan , was next Attempt J
Neighbour to the Factory. He kept a Vic-'*4 Chinefe>
tualiing-Houfe, and brewed Arrack (a Kind of
hot Liquor ufed in moft of thefe Parts of the
World, inftead of Wine) he had two Out-houfes,
where his Guefts ufed to fit; in one of them.
* for, or Johor.
avoid Prolixity.
b This Story, which was very long in the Original, Pttrcbas tells us he abridged, to
which
294 Voyages of the Engl
1604. which joined to the Pales on the South Side of
Scot, the Fa£fory, he ufed to brew. But now he fet up
"V another Trade, and became an Engineer; having
gotten eight Firebrands of Hell more to affift
him, only in the Work of fetting the Englijh
Houfe on Fire. Thefe nine dug a Well in one
of the Victualler’s Houfes ; from the Bottom of
which they carried a Mine quite under the Foun¬
dation of the Factory. But before they could
make this Mine, they were forced to dig a very
deep Well in their Yard, to drain off the Wa¬
ter ; and to prevent Sufpicion, planted Tobacco,
and other Herbs, near the Well, which they
watered every Day. The Englijh could hear
them boiling of Water daily ; but becaufe they
were Brewers, and had many Tubs to wafh and
to fill, they had no Miftruft.
•fa mh the AV hen they came to the Planks of the Ware-
Fa(io>y. houfe, they durft not cut them, for fome of the
Fa£tory were continually walking over them,
both Night and Day. After they had waited
two Months, without finding an Opportunity to
cut the Boards, they began to contrive fome o-
ther Method of breaking through them: But
they went the wrong way to Work ; for if they
had continued their Mine till they had gotten but
crofs the Warehoufe, they had found thirty
thoufand Rials of Eight, buried in Jars, for fear
of Fire. Befides that Room was not boarded at all ;
fo that they might have come into the Warehoufe
without any Difficulty, and had what they fought
for. Well, one of thefe wicked Inftruments
being a Smith, and brought up always to work
with Fire, told his AfTociates, that he would
take out the Planks, fo that the Englijh fhouid
neither hear nor fee him. Accordingly, on the
twenty-eighth of May , about ten at Night, they
put a Candle, and burnt a round Hole through
the Boards. So foon as the Fire had Vent, it
caught hold of the Mats that covered the Packs,
and prefently fpread.
•n,fy fet Fire All this while the Englijh had no Sufpicion,
to n , nor could perceive any thing, by reafon of the
Clofenefs of the Warehoufe ; for all the Win¬
dows were plaiftered up, for Fear of Fire over¬
head. The firft Watch being out, on which
Mr. Sect himfelf was, and the fecond fet, they
fimelt a ftrong Funk of Fire, which was by that
Time much increafed 4 but could not find where
it was, although they fearched every Room and
Corner. At length one remembered a Rat-hole
behind his Trunk ; where, going to examine, he
could plainly perceive the Smoak iffuing out.
Upon this Difcovery, he haftened into Mr. Scot’s
Chamber, and called out, that the Cloth Ware¬
houfe was on Fire. That piercing Word, Fire,
wa3 enough to awaken the Fa£tor, although he
was faft alleep. He prefently ftarts up, flips on his
Cloaths in a Trice, and running down, opened
i s h to the East Indies.
a the Doors ; out of which there rufhed fuch a vio- 1604
lent Smoak, that it had almoft choaked them. Scot.
For want of Vent it Was fo thick, that they'— -v»
could not perceive where the Fire came from ;
and at that Time there were twTo great Jars of
Powder in the Warehoufe, which put them in
great Fear of being blown up: Yet fetting Fear
afide, they plucked the Things off the Jars,
which felt very hot, and removed them into the
Yard.
b After this they went boldly to fearch for It is floppy
the Fire: The Thicknefs of the Smoak having ™JtbD$
put out their Candles, they tied twelve great
Wax Tapers together, which kept lighted. Then
they plucked out Packs as faft as they could : But
being almoft ftifled with the Heat and Smoak,
and fo few, they could do but little Good, there¬
fore they let in the Chinefe to help them ; with
whom thofe who had done the Mifchief came,
hoping to get fome Plunder. When Mr. Scot
c faw, that thefe damned Cbinois (as he calls them)
did them rather Harm than Good, he was al¬
moft in Defpair ; and having had in his Cheft
above Stairs, a thoufand Pound in Gold, which
he received of General Hymskerke , for Pepper,
he ran up with a Defign to throw it into a
Pond behind the Houfe : But when he was at the
Chamber-door, his Mind changed, and he went
down again to try once more what might be
done. As he paffed through the Hall, he chanced
d to caft his Eye into the Dining-room, which was
right over the Place where the Fire was ; and there
he perceived Cbinois (among whom their unkind
Neighbour, the principal Atftor, was one) who
had removed the Table, and were breaking up
the Bricks of the Cieling. He bad them give over,
and get down. But they would do neither, till
he was forced to drive them down before him.
He then defired fome Merchants they dealt with,
who were {landing by, to urge the reft of the
e Chinefe to help out Packs, promifing they fhouid
be well paid for their Pains. This taking
Effecft, they fell to work on all Hands, and pre¬
fently the Room was cleared ; out of which came
fifty and odd Packs, whereof fixteen were in a
Flame. Thus by their Help the Fire was quench¬
ed ; which they perceiving, would work no more.
Next Day they were paid for their Labour, befides
what they ftole. ,vV . -Jl .
The Englijh wondered much how this Fire j Difcovi
f fhouid happen ; fufpedting the Portuguese had made.
hired Malayes to kindle it : But in the Morn¬
ing a Chinefe Bricklayer, who wrought at the
Dutch Houfe, told a Flemming , that fome of his
own Nation were the Authors, and that they were
fince fled ; but that if the Room was well fearch¬
ed, it might be difeovered in what Manner the
Thing was done. The Dutchman told an Eng¬
lijh Surgeon what he had heard, and defired him
to
Voyages of the English to- the East Indies. 29 5
1604. t0 ant^ te^ the Factors; faying, that as he a
| sc it. could fpeak the Language, he would go himfelf
'-~y— ' 'and inquire after the Fugitives. The Surgeon
coming to Mr. Scot, and defiring he might fee
the Room where the Fire was, the other called
for a Candle, and fnewed it him. Going to one
Corner, he found a little round Hole, which was
burned through the Floor. Down the Author
thruft a long Stick, but could feel no Ground.
Then calling for an Ax, they wrenched up the
Plank as foftly as they could ; and underneath b
found a Paffage large enough to hold the greateft
mejcized Pack or Cheft in the Houfe. Upon this Difco-
\SuJpicioti. Very, Mr. Scot called three of his Men, and went
with them armed, as fecretly as be could, to the
Houfe, from whence the Mine came ; leaving
one at the Door, with a Charge to let none go
out. He went in himfelf with the other two, where
in one Room he found three Men, and in ano¬
ther, two more, who forthwith fled out at the
Back-door, which he knew not of before. Thofe c
three they brought away, after giving them two
or three Knocks. One was a Lodger in the
Houfe ; but the other two they could prove no¬
thing againft. Mr. Scot having laid them faft in
Irons, lent Mr. Towrjon to the Protestor, to in¬
form him how the Cafe flood, and defire, that
the Offenders might be fought for, and have
Juftice done upon them ; which heprcmifed fhould
be done ; but was very flack in Performance.
k tonfefa The Dutch Merchants hearing they had taken d
t Fa$, fome, and apprehending the Chinefe would rife
againft them, came very kindly with their Wea¬
pons, and fware they would live and die in their
Quarrel. After they had laid out thofe Goods,
which had received fome Water, to air, they
examined the Party who dwelt in the next Houfe ;
he told them the Names of fix, who were fled ;
but faid, he knew not where, and would not own
that he was concerned with them : He likewife
faid the other two, were innocent. But threat- e
ening him with a hot Iron, he confefled the
Whole, and that he was an Accomplice : He
faid, thofe two Out-houfes were built for that
very Purpofe, although they put them to other
Ufe, to take off Sufpicion ; and that the Mine
had been made two Months before ; in which
Time they had been often very bufy in it, ftriving
txteuted. to get into the Houfe, but could not. After this
they tortured him, becaufe, as foon as they had
laid down the Iron, he denied all again: But be- f
ing tortured, made a fecond Confeflion. Next
Morning, Scot fent him to Execution. As he
went out of the Factory, the Javans , (who re-
a This Monfter furely was bred in the Inquifltion, or
contrived fuch horrible Torments, and given an Account
on the Engli/h. If thefe Things had not been related
them of an Er.glijbmun .
joice when, they fee a Chinefe go to fuffer, as the 1604..
Chinefc do, when it is the Javans Cafe) reviled Scot,
him ; but he would reply. The Englifh were rich ,
and the Chinefe poor ; therefore, why fjould not
they /leal from them if they could.
Next Day the Admiral took another of the Prodighm
Gang, and fent him to the Fadtor. He was Cruet
found hid in a Privy; and this was he who fired
the Houfe. He was a Goldfmith by Trade; and
confefled to the Admiral, that he had clipped
many Ryals, and alfo coined others. Some
Things he confefled to him, concerning what
he was charged with, although not much ;
but he would tell the Englifo nothing. Becaufe
of his Sullennefs, and that he was a principal
Offender, <SWorderd (harp hot Irons to be thruft
under the Nails of his Thumbs, Fingers, and
Toes, and the Nails wrenched off ; yet he never
flinched all the while, which made them think,
that his Hands and Legs were numbed with ty¬
ing : Wherefore, they burned him in the Hands,
Arms, Shoulders, and Neck ; but it was all the
fame with him. • Then they burned him _ quite Prodigiyar
through the Hands; and with Iron Rafps tore out MjluCl0n~
the Flefh and Sinews. After that, (fays the Au¬
thor) I caufed them to knock the Edges of his
Shin-bones with hot Searing-Irons : Then I caufed
cold Iron Screws to be ferewed into the Bones of
his Arms, and fuddenly fnatched off: After that,
all the Bones of his Fingers and Toes to be bro¬
ken with Pincers ; yet for all this, he never fo
much as fhed a Tear, nor once turned his Head
afide, or ftirred either Hand or Foot: But when
we demanded any Queftion, he would put his
Tongue between his Teeth,, and ftrike his Chin
upon his Knees to bite it off.
When all the Cruelty that could be ufed was Another Ex-
to no Purpofe, the Factor a caufed him to be<’“^“',;’
put in Irons again : Where the Emmets, or
Ants, which greatly abound there, got into his
Wounds; and tormented him worfe than the Eng¬
lifh had done, as might be difeovered by his Gef-
ture. The King’s Officers deiired of Scot , that
he might be fhot: He told them, that was too
good a Death for fuch a Villain ; adding, that in
his Country, none but a Gentleman, or Soldier,
who committed a capital Crime, was (hot, and
then was befriended : But in Java , it is looked
upon to be the mod cruel and ignominious Death
that is. However, they being very importunate,
in the Evening, thofe of the Fa&ory led him in¬
to the Fields ; and binding him to a Stake, the
firft Ball carried away a Piece of his Arm, Bone
and all ; the next ftruck him through the Breaft,
delighted in Cruelty, otherwife lie could never have
of them. The Dutch at Amhoyna did not inflift worfe
by the Author himfelf, we fhould fcarce have believed
up
296 Voyages of the Engli
1604. up near the Shoulder; then holding down his
Scot. Head, he looked upon the Wound. ThethirdShot
'•“"‘’“v*'— was made with a Bullet, cut in three Parts, which
hitting him on the Bread triangle-wife, he fell
down as low as the Stake would permit. After
which, between them and the Flemmings , he was
(hot almoft all to Pieces before they left him. On
this Occafion, the Admiral, and 1 Shah Bandar ,
fent them a Guard of Men every Night, for Fear
the Chinefe fhould rife againft them ; But although
they were in no Fear, yet they kept four of their
Men to be Witneffes that, in cafe of fuch a Ri¬
ling, they fhould do nothing but what was purely
in their own Defence.
of j>y a Bribe, Scot got hold of Boyhoy, another of
nii. '"‘r 13 them, whoconfeffed his Affociates, viz. Unietc , the
Chief; Sawman , his Partner, (who dwelt in the
Houfe with him) Hinting , Omigpayo , Hevufamkow ,
Utee, (who was fhortly after crifed for lying with a
Woman) Irrow , and Sakkow ; thefe were fled to
Jakkatra: The two lad of which, he had never
heard of before. He u fed all the Means in his Power,
to get them into his Hands ; but could not fucceed,
without being at exceffive Charges. There were o-
thersalfo, who taking Shelter in theHoufes of l'ome
confiderabl e Javans, could not be come at. How¬
ever, fome were offered to Sale by their Patrons ;
and the Englijh beat the Price, as one would do
about an Ox or a Calf : But they held them fo
dear, that Scot durd not deal with them. He
proffered as much for each, as would purchafe
another Slave in his Room, and put fomething in
their Purfes befides: But the Criminals were fuch fit
Indruments for their Purpofes, as being pradtifed
in all Kinds of Villany, that they would not part
with them under a great Sum. For (the Author
fays) all the Javans and Chinefe , from the higheft
to the lowed, are great Villains, and have not one
Spark of Virtue in them; and that if it was not
for the Shah Bandar , the Admiral, and one or
two more, who were Natives of Clyn, there
would have been no living for a Chrijlian amongd
them, without a Fort, or very drong Houfe of
Brick or Stone. Boyhoy , above-mentioned, they
tortured not, becaufe of his Confeffion ; but
crifed [or dabbed] him.
Mandelik- Sometime after, a Relation of the King’s,
kot Malice, called P angran man Delike a, a mere Limb of the
Devil, who kept one of thofe nine Villains in his
Houfe, coming to the Fadlory to buy Cloth, they
defired he would deliver the Fellow into their
Elands: Telling him, their General fhould give
him Thanks ; and reprefenting, how [much it
Would conduce to the Good of the Country, to
root out fuch Villains. His Anfwer was, that
they fhould tell thofe fo, who had the Good of
the Country at Heart, for that he had not. Three
* Afterward n
:sk to tie East Indies.
a or four Days after, he came again, and was very 160,
earned with Scot, to give him Credit for fix or Scot,
feven hundred Ryals of Eight in Cloth : But be- 1 * v
caufe he was not to be truded, theFadlor excufed
the Matter ; under Pretence of expecting the Ships
every Day, and that he could deliver no Goods,
without Pepper for Lading. When he faw he could
not prevail, he went out very angry ; and at the
Gate, looking back upon the Houfe, faid, it was
pity but it fhould be burnt again,
b This fame Perfon, tampered with a Chinefe, Difcomr,
who had fome Dealings with the Englijh , to help b a Chi
him to fome of his Nation, dwelling near thenefe'
Fadlory, to undertake firing it again : But hav¬
ing been generally hated of all for his Cruelties,
the Chinefe told them what he faid. Scot, up¬
on this, would have prefently gone to Court,
to complain of him : But many advifed him againfl
it; faying, that he was a defperate Villain, and
cared neither for King nor Protestor; fo that if
c they expofed him, he would do them a Mifchief,
whatfoever came of it: And Scot was fenfible of
this ; for though both the King and Governor
had fent to him often, to deliver to the Englijh
the Fellow he harboured, yet he never regard¬
ed them. Shortly after, many Attempts were
made to burn their Houfe : For the Town was
fired in three Places at the fame Time, in one
Night, a little to Windward of it, and twice,
another Night,
d
SECT. V.
Merry Accident. They enlarge their Fadlory. Arti¬
fice of the Dutch. Their early Power by Sea,
Fadlory again fired. Mandelikko’r Rapine.
King of Jakatra’r Quarrel. Mandelikko ba -
nijhed. Englifh loved ; Dutch hated. Chinefe
Frauds, Chief Incendiary taken. Englifh Fleet
arrives. The Incendiary executed. Captain
q Middleton goes to Court. Ships fent to Banda.
Death of Officers and Men. Hedlor and Sufan
fail homewards . Dutch Ships arrive.
O W to feafon thefe melancholy Stories A merry
with a diverting one. During this Interval, Atdiut,
it happened, that a Chinefe , who dwelt clofe to
the Fadlory, dole away the Wife of another;
and being hardly purfued by her Hufband, knew
not how to conceal her, but by lifting her over
the Pales: T he Englifh having newly fhot much
f Pepper into their Warehoufe, it was at that Time
fo extremely hot, that they were forced to keep
the Door open continually Day and Night. This
being a fit Place for her to hide in, fhe got with¬
in the Door as far as fhe could for the Heat ; and
there was no Danger of her Hufband coming
there to look for her. After the Watch was fet,
yned Mandelikko.
one
bey enlarge
urFaBory,
’t’fice ef
• Dutch.
Voyages 5/’/^ Engl is
one of the Company returning from the Yard, a
which they often vifited both Night and Day, faw
the Woman, (it being a little Star-light) ftanding
at the Pepper- Houfe Door, fhe having come forth
to take Breath ; for fhe had better have been in
a hot Bath fo long. He prefently cried out, A
Woman: Upon which Scot running down in
Hafte, caufed her to be fearched, and examined.
Her Defence was, that her Hufband would have
beaten her ; and that therefore fhe was forced to
climb over their Pales, to hide herfelf. b
It is ufual for the Chinefe to beat their Wives,
efpecially if they be of another Country ; and this
Woman was a Cochin Chinefe , who had no
Friends in Bantam: For the Javans will rarely
fuffer them to beat their Women. Wherefore,
Mr. Scot having fearched, and fecured every Place,
concluded this Matter would prove fome fuch Jeft.
Accordingly, next Morning, her Hufband came,
and falling down on his Marrow-bones, defired
he would be good to him : For having fo lately c
tortured fome Chinefe , (fays Scot) he imagined,
I would torture him alfo : But, on my Confci-
ence, he needed no more Plague or Punifhment,
than fuch a Wife ; wherefore I prefently difmif-
fed them both.
The Protector, a little before, had given the
Engli/h all the Houfes, and Ground adjoining to
the Pales of their Houfe, which belonged to thofe
Chinefe , concerned in the late Attempt : But al¬
though it was a Gift, yet never Englifhman paid d
fo dear before, for fuch a little Spot, in any
Country in the World. However, the Ground
was of great Ufe; but the Houfes were rotten:
And farther to enlarge their Quarters, they bought
of a Pangran , or Gentleman, another Houfe ;
which came fo near their Pepper Warehoufe Door,
that it was very troublefome to them, when they
were to carry Spice in or out ; and by this Means,
they had a very fpacious Yard.
The ninth of September, the Protestor fent out e
a Proclamation, that no Chinefe fhould weigh any
Pepper to the Strangers, meaning the Englijh and the
Hollanders ; which laft had procured it. The fame
Day they dined with the Englijh , and told them,
that the Protestor owed them ten thoufand Sacks
of Pepper : Scot replied, that was not fo ; for
they would never be fuch Fools to truft him fo
much. Next Morning, he went to the old Wo¬
man, who commands the Prote£tor, and all the
reft ; and indeed, is called the Jjhieen of the Land , f
by the Shah Bandar , and divers others ; although
fhe is not of the Royal Blood : But on Account
of her Wifdom, is held in fuch Efteem by Peo¬
ple of all Ranks, that fhe rules as if fhe were ab-
folute Queen of the Country. As foon as the
Englijh had acquainted her with the Grievance, fhe
fent for the Protestor, defiring them to talk with
him before her. When he came, Scot afked, for
Vol. I. N° XIV. Q.
h to the East Indies.
what Reafon he had forbidden them to trade ?
His Anfwer was, that he muft buy ten thoufand
Sacks of Pepper for the King : The Fa&or re¬
plied, that th z Flemmings themfelves had told him,
that the Pepper was for them, and that he owed
them fo many Sacks. The Statefman had Re-
courfe to feveral Evafions ; but the Queen, their
conftant Friend, faid, he fhould not hurt them.
For the Hollanders , when they faw they could not
get the People to trade for Pepper, bribed the
Protestor to a£t as he did : And if the Englijh had
been but Mafters of ten thoufand Ryals of Eight,
more than they were, the Flemmings fhould have
procured little Pepper that Year in Bantam.
It is moft certain, they are very much hated Tbiirear’.p
there ; and what ever is done in their Favour, ^pfffer b*
for Fear of their Shipping, which is very nume¬
rous all over thofe Parts. The twelfth of Sep¬
tember , the Protestor fent Ryals up and down in
the King’s Name, amongft the Dealers in Pepper;
requiring fome to furnifh an hundred Sacks, fome
fifty, fome ten, fome five, as if he was begging :
And indeed he took it up at the King’s Price,
which was half a Ryal in a Sack lefs than the
Englijh paid. The Chinefey with much Grudg¬
ing, ferved him. A while after, he fet a Tax
upon them, to ferve him with fo much more. Upon
this, they railed both at him, and the Hollanders.
Many of them would not receive their Money :
But the Officers would throw it down in their
Houfes, and take their Names.
The fifteenth of September , by Means of an The FaStvy
old Trot, who was making Candles, the Town/"^ a&a‘**
was fet on Fire; by which, all the upper Work
of the three Houfes of the Englijh , was burned,
and the Whole greatly endangered. The Shah
Bandar came to them in the Tumult; and the
Admiral, (who had Charge of the Court, in the
Abfence of King and Governors, then on a Pro-
grefs)fent them agreatTrainof his principal Men.
One of the King’s Uncles, and the rich Chinefe ,
came to them likewife with a great Number. All
thefe came to fee, that no body offered them any
Violence ; knowing, that they had Enemies of
great Power, on Account of their Goods, and
now lay expofed to them all: For their Fence
was almoft burned to the Ground ; fo that they
had not a Place to drefs their Vi&uals in. Yet,
by good Luck, they had a little Shed in the Mid¬
dle of their Yard, which was theirCourt of Guard,
that efcaped, where they encamped by Night.
The Dutch floufe efcaped, though but narrowly;
wherefore the Englijh borrowed fome of their
Men. For it is to be noted, that though they
were mortal Enemies in Point of Trade, yet in
all other Matters, they were Friends, and would
have lived and died one for the other. Alfo the
Admiral, and Shah Bandar , fent them Men every
Night. So that with their Drum, Shot, and
a Pikes>
298 Voyages of the Engl
1604. Pikes, they lived a Soldier’s Life, till their Fence a
Scot. was made up, and afterwards too : For they
looked every Hour when it fhould be burnt down
again, or beat down by thofe who wanted to have
the cutting of their Throats.
Manddik- The Pangran Mandelikko, before-mentioned,
ko’» Rapme, jn tke jrnc[ cf September , fell to robbing Junks ;
one of which was of Jore , laden with Rice, Men,
and Wbmen. Being affifted with a great Crew of
Villains, his Slaves, he feized on the Junk in the
Night, and carried away all the Rice, with the t
Men and Women, as his Prifoners. This was
the fureWay to ftarve the Town, by banifhing
the Junks, which ufed to furnifh it with Provi-
fions, the Country not being able to fupply one
Quarter of the Inhabitants. The King and his
Prote&or, fent to command him to deliver the
People and Goods which he had taken: But he
refufed, and prefently fortified himfelf. Fie was
fupported by the reft of the Pangrans , who were
the King’s Relations as well as his ; yet, being c
all Traitors, the King’s Officers durft not meddle
with him. The Protector, Shah Bandar , and
Admiral, fent to them to be upon their Guard.
The Rebels grew -every Day fhonger; fo that
both Javans, and Strangers, began to be in great
Fear. Scot borrowed fome fmall Ordnance of the
Chineje Merchants, his Friends, and fortified the
Faftory with Chains and Bufhes. He caufed alfo
a great Quantity of Chain, Langral, and Crofs-
bar Shot, to be made. A Stop was put to all c
Trade at this Time, no body minding either to
buy or fell any Thing. Every Day the Spies of
the Rebels would come into the Yard of xht Eng¬
lijh Fadlory, and be very inquifrtive to know,
what the Men werefo hard at work upon. They
plainly told them, that they looked every Night
for fuch a Man’s coming, and therefore made
1 Provificn for his Entertainment.
of Ja- About the twentieth of Oftober , the King of
Iratra’i J Jakkatra , came into Bantam , with fifteen hun- <
Quarrel. dred fighting Men, befides Stragglers, and had a
thoufand more following him. He challenged
both the Rebels, and Pangrans to fight ; but the
former would not venture out of their Fortifica¬
tions. He had indeed a great Quarrel againft
them all: For, but a little while before, they
fought to drive him out of his Kingdom. The
fix and twentieth, the King of Jakkatra , and the
Admiral, fent for the Englijh , to know if Means
could not be found to fire them at a Diftance, 1
out of the Reach of their Bafes, of which they
had a great Number. Scot , told them, if there
had been a Ship in the Road, it might eafily have
been done : But that for their Parts, they want¬
ed fome of the moft neceffary Materials, fuch as
Camphire, Saltpetre, and Brimftone. The Ad¬
miral faid, he would help them to thefe Things j
i s h to the East Indies.
and had a long Bow, and Arrows, fit for fuch a 1604
Purpofe: Although a Mufket had been better. Scot.
The Englijh intended to have had the King’s'—”-^
Ordnance planted to Advantage, and fhot red-^T,'ll(
hot Bullets, which would have made terrible * '
Havock among them and their Cane Fortifica¬
tions. The principal Rebel had endeavoured all
he could to fire them : Now they refolved to fee
if they could not fire him. But whether it was
for Fear of the King of Jakkatra , or that they
were apprifed of the Fa&or’s Defign, the Pan¬
grans, and Rebels, came to an Agreement with¬
in two Days after; which was this, that the
principal Rebel fhould, within fix Days, depart
out of the King of Bantam’ s Dominions, taking
with him only thirty of his Domeffics, which he
accordingly did. For ten Days together, the Englijh
expe&ed every Hour, both Night and Day, that the
King’s P orces, and the Pangrans, would come to
a Battle ; for they were drawn up on both Sides:
But the Javans are very loth to fight if they can
avoid it ; the Reafon, it is faid, is, that if their
Slaves be killed, wherein all their Wealth lies,
they will be beggared.
The feventeenth of November , which was the
Coronation Day, they invited the Flemmings to
Dinner ; in the Middle of which, they drank the
Queen’s Health, and fhot off all their Ordnance*
which had lain loaded ever fince the late Trou¬
bles.
There refort to Bantam People of various Engles,
Nations, feveral of which have Factories there, mind.
Thefe Foreigners, having heard of the Englijh in
Times paft, long before they ever faw any of
them, were very curious to obferve their Carriage
and Behaviour. It was the Subjedl of their Ad¬
miration, that being fo few, they fhould yet ren¬
der themfelves fo confiderable ; never putting up
the leaft Injury that was offered by either Javans
or Chinefe, but always righting themfelves : And
when the Prote&or wronged them, it was well
known, they did not fpare to tell him of it round¬
ly, and to fuch Purpofe, that he fell fhort of having
his Will. It was no lefs notorious, that when at
the firft Arrival of their Ships, the Javans pur¬
loined their Goods ; fo many as they took, were
either flain, wounded, or foundly beaten by them.
They thought the Englijh durft not do fo, when
their Ships were gone, and fo made it their Prac¬
tice to fteal from them both by Day and Night: But
they found it all the fame, which they wondered
at. And I have heard, Jays the Author, many
Strangers declare, who happened to be prefent,
when we have been beating fom z Javans, that they
never knew, or heard of any Nation, who were
Liegers there, but ours, that durft once ftrike a
Javan in Bantam : And it was a common Talk
among Strangers, as well as the Natives, how
1604
; Scot.
Uflift
h/td: Dut
u ted.
I'jhlnefe
fraud.
Voyages of /^English
we flood at Defiance with thofe who hated us
for our Goods, and how little we cared for them.
ikewife, how we never offered any Wrong to
the meaneft in the Town, and were generally
beloved by all the better Sort : They would fay
it was not fo with the Flemmings , nor with any
other Nation. All the while I was there, (con¬
tinues he) I never heard, that ever the Flemmings
gave a Javan f® much as a Box on the Ear ; but
many Times have fallen foul on the Chinefe , who
will very feldom make any Refinance : Yet for 1
all this it is certain, that they are mortally hated,
as well by all Sorts of Javans , as the Chinefe.
^ Now every Day the Hollanders looked for their
c" Shipping, and yet had but little Pepper; nor
knew where to buy any : For the Chinefe would
fell them none, fo long as the Englijh would give
as much as they. More than that, when they
had laid out all their Ryals, fome of thofe Mer¬
chants fold them Pepper, to be paid when their
Ships came, although they could not tell them-
f?lves when they would arrive. If they would
have gone to the Flemmings , they might have had
ready Money, and great Thanks. The Dutch
therefore bought what they could by Retail in the
Markets, fending it to a Chinefe Houfe by Boat
in the Evening : But the Charge confumed the
Gain.
About this Time, the Emperor of Damak ,
who, not many Years before, for Tyranny had
been depofed by the Kings thereabouts, going by
Sea from Bantam , to another Town upon the
Coafl, was {tabbed in Bed by one of his Sons,
when he was afleep.
The Chinefe would ufually mix their Pepper
in the Night, if it was left with them ; or elfe
put in Dull, or, may be, remove to another Place.
If the Englijh difliked the Spice which they faw
at one Man’s Houfe to Day, they would be fure
to find the fame in another Houfe a good Diftance
off to Morrow : And the Night after, at a third
Houfe, that they might pafs for different Parcels;
and the Warehoufe where it lay firft fhould be
Ihut, or a Quantity of better Pepper lodged in
Room of the bad.
In November , and the Beginning of December ,
the Englijh were buffed not only in building, but
alfo in getting in, and cleaning Pepper. The
fourteenth of December , they were informed, by
a Dutch Pinnace which arrived, that the Queen
was dead, and that a great Plague and Sicknefs
had afflicted all Chriftendom, (which more fenfi-
bly Ihocked them, than all their former Trou¬
bles:) That the King of Scots was crowned, and
that England was in Peace within itfelf, and like¬
ly to be fo with Spain in a little Time. But they
could give them no Account of their Ships, nor
to the East Indies.
of any Letters brought by the Fleet. Wherefore
Mr. Scot haffed aboard the Dutch Admiral, and
found there were Letters in the Vice-Admiral.
The twenty-fecond, by Means of fome of Tbe chief fo ..
the Friends of the Englijh , Uniete , the Chief ofcend,ar>
the Incendiares who had undermined their Houfe, ta
was difeovered and taken. He had beenMong
in the Mountains, and for Want of Food,
was forced to repair to certain Houfes near the
Town, from whence he was brought to the rich
Chinefe % Houfe. So foon as Scot heard of him, he
fent Mr. Tovar f on to the Protestor to inform him
of it ; and withal to let him know, that the Eng¬
lijh intended fhortly to execute him : For fince
the Time that this Mifchief happened, he never
went out of Sight of the Houfe but once, till tbe
Company’s Ships arrived ; and then his Fear was
fo great, that he thought all would be burnt be¬
fore he got back again. Befides, three Times
every Week he ufed to fearch all the Chinefe
Houfes round about3, for Fear of more Under¬
mining.
The fame Day, towards Evening, the Eng* General
lijh deferied their Ships coming into the Road : But Middleton
their Joy was allayed, when they faw the weak
Condition they were in ; efpecially as Bantam
was not a Place to recover Men that are fick, but
rather Fo kill Men that come thither in Health.
Mr. Scot, at his firft going aboard the Admiral,
found the General, Captain Henry Middleton ,
very fickly and weak ; to whom he gave a brief
Account of the paft Troubles, letting him know
neverthelefs, that he had Lading ready for two
Ships, which was fome Pleafure to him, in his
Grief for the Men. There were fcarce fifty found
in the four Ships. Of the fick Men a Number
died : And many of thofe who arrived in Health,
never went out of the Road.
Th e twenty-fourth, the Vice-Admiral, Cap-T^ Teceedi-
tain Coulthurjl , came alhore, with fome other »ry execused.
Merchants. The fame Day, they executed the
Villain lately taken. This was the fourth Prin¬
cipal who had been put to death, belides him,
who was killed for dealing a Woman. At Scot’s
coming away, there remained four alive, of which
two were at Jakatra , another with Mandelikko
the Traitor, and a third with Kay Sanapatty La¬
ma, whom they could not as then come at. The
fame Day, the Vice-Admiral, accompanied with
thofe of the Factory, and alfo fome of the new-
come Merchants, went to Court to acquaint the
King, that the General had Letters from the
King of England, with a Prefent for him ; and
that, as foon as he was a little refreftied, being
weary after his long Voyage, he would come him-
felf to wait on him, and deliver the Letters and
Prefent.
3 This was indeed great Power for a Stranger. He ought to have told us by what Authority he did this.
Q^q 2 SUN DAY"
300 Voyages «/^Emgli
1604. SUNDAY the twenty-third, a Counfel was
Scot, held, wherein (for Reafons needlefs to mention)
jt was thought fitted to fend the Dragon and the
Afcenjion to the Molukkos ; and that the Heflor
and Sufan fhould lade Pepper, and be difpatched
home. The Remainder of the Week was em¬
ployed in getting frefh Vi&uals, Herbs, Fruits,
and Flowers, for the recovering their Men, who
were moft grievoufly afflicted with the Scurvy.
nit Genera! On Chrif mas-day , thofe of the Fadlory dined
goes to Court. £)n board the General, who, the thirty-firft,
went on Shore ; and being accompanied with all
the Merchants, who were in Health, and divers
others, repaired to Court, and delivered the King’s
Letter and Prefent a : Which were, one beautiful
Bafon and Ewre, two {landing Cups, all Parcel-
gilt ; a gilt Spoon, and fix Mufkets, with their Fur¬
niture: Thefe were kindly received. The next Day
or two, the General fpent in vifiting the chief
Friends of the Englijb , as the Shah Bandar , the
Admiral, and the rich Chinefe ; and alfo made
them Prefents, which were received very thank¬
fully. ’ After this, they all fell to work both a-
Ihore and aboard, to pack up and take in Goods
for the Molukkos : But as foon as the Men wrere a
little recovered of the Scurvy, they were feized
with the Flux ; infomuch, that being ftill weak
in Mariners, it feemed impoffible, with fo few
Hands, to be able to accomplifh their Bufinefs, at
leaft in Time.
The feventh of 'January , the Dutch Fleet,
being nine tall Ships, befides Pinnaces and Sloops,
fet Sail for Amboyna , and the Molukkos : So that
the Englifj were a long Time doubtful, whether
their Ships (which could not go away fooner, for
the Reafon juft mentioned) {hould get any Lading
in thofe Parts that Year.
Shift fent to The tenth, the Ships that were bound home-
Baoda. wards began to take in Pepper ; but were fo op-
preffed with Sicknefs, that they could make no
Difpatch. The eighteenth, thofe defigned for
the Iflands of Banda , having taken in all their
Loading, fet fail, their Men for the moft Part ex¬
treme weak and fick : How they fpent their Time,
till their Return to Bantam , the Author refers to
thefr own Account. \ Prefently after their Depar¬
ture, the Protestor fent to agree about Cuftom,
which they thought had been fettled when their
firft Shipping returned. But he afked many new
Duties; and becaufe Mr. Scot would not pay them,
he commanded the Porters, that they (hould car¬
ry no Pepper. Wherefore to prevent this being
a farther Hindrance to them in lading their Ships,
he was forced to agree to pay down according
to the Rate the Ships paid before, and leave the
reft unfettled, till the Return of the General :
In which the Protester would have them believe,
he did them a great Favour.
* See before, p- 279 '.
h to the East Indies.
The two homeward bound Ships, which they 1605
were then lading, loft their Mafters, Samuel Spencer Scot,
of the HeSior, and Habbakuk Pery of the Sufan
Alfo William Smith , chief Matter’s Mate of the
Hector. And foon after Captain Styles, with many Men.
other of their principal Men, as well as of their
ordinary Sailors, died : So that the Factors were
conftrained not only to hire Men to help them
there, but likewife as many Guzerats b and Chi¬
nefe as they could get to bring home the Ships ;
which was exceeding chargeable. With much
Fatigue they had them laden by the fifteenth of
February ; but it was the fourth of March before
they could be gotten in Readinefs to fail. TheyHcftor«»
departed that Day for England: The Heftor had Sufan /i//
on board fixty-three Perfons of all Sorts, but
many of her own Men were fick ; her Matter
was William Crane. The Sufan (whofe Mafter
was Richard Ha ckneffe) had forty- feven, many of
her Englifmen being likewife fick.
The fixth of May, there arrived a Ship from Dutch Sb>
Holland , which, on the Coaft of Goa , alongarm*'
which (he came, met with two more, bound for
Kambaya. Thefe three had taken four Portugueze
Ships, wherein they found great Riches ; only
one, which was laden with great Horfes, they fet
on Fire, and confumed both Ship and Cargo.
This Ship left Holland in June , 1604, but they
brought no farther News than the Engli/h Ships had
done. Their Captain, Cornelius Syverfon , was a
very proud Boor ; and had neither Wit, Manners,
Honefty, nor Humanity. Prefently after his Ar¬
rival, the Flemmings withdrew that Familiarity,
which before they held with the Englijb ; as they
judged, by General Warwick’s Orders.
SECT. VII.
Solemnity and Rejoicings at the King’s Circumcifton.
Javan Difcipline. Englifh and Dutch quarrel.
Order of the Procejfions. Players and Prefents.
Javans good Pikemen. Englifh Shew and Pre¬
fent. Dutch Prefent inf gnif cant . King of Jak-
katra arrives : Attends the Ceremony. His
Pageants and Prefents. Beautiful Garden and
Bed. The King circumcifed.
HE Author comes now to fpeak fomewhat Great Ca?
of the Manner of the King of Bantam’snival‘
being circumcifed ; and of the public Rejoicings
for the Space of a Month and more, before his
going to Church. In preparing for this, all the
better Sort of that Country had been bufied from
the Time of the Arrival of the China Junks,
which is in Febr uary and March , till the twenty-
fourth of June , 1605. On this Occafion, a
great Pageant was erected on a Green before the
Court-Gate, and railed about. On the Front of
it was a huge Figure of a Devil ; and on it were
•let three Chairs of State : The middlemoft, which
b In Purchas , Gocjfcrates.
was
Voyages of the
1605. was f°r the King, was placed higheft by two Foot ; £
Scot, the other two were for the Sons of Pangran Go-
-» *y*" — ' ban , who was to fucceed in cafe the King died
without Iflue.
It is a Cuftom here for all People of Ability
to make every new King a Prefent on the Dav,
either of his Acceflion or Circumcifion. This
muft be done in public, with the greateft Shew
they are able to make : And thofe who cannot
afford fingly to do it, join a Company of them
together, Strangers as well as Natives. Thefe 1
Shews began about the twenty-fifth of June , and
continued all that Month, and the next, except
on certain rainy Days. The Protestor began the
Ceremony : The reft, both gentle and fimple,
performed their Parts daily one after another :
Not according to their Rank or Dignity, but as
each was in Readinefs, and fometimes two or
three Companies in a Day. Becaufe the Javans are
not good at Fire-arms, thePortedlor borrowed Shot
both of the Englijh and Flemmings ; between whom
a Strife arofe, which Party fliould go foremoft,
they contemning the Fewnefs of the Englijh, and
the Englijh their Dirtinefs. The Englijb were
neatly dreffed with Scarfs and coloured Hatbands;
the Flemmings went in greafy thrumbed Caps, and
tarred Coats, with their Shirts hanging betwixt
their Legs. The former therefore marched in the
Rear, refufing to go next after fuch nafty Fellows,
ivan Dif- Every Morning the King’s Guards, con-
¥>ne' filling both of Shot and Pikes, were placed with¬
out the Rails round the Pageant. They were com¬
monly about three hundred : But on principal
Days, there were upwards of fix hundred drawn
up in Files, according to the Englijh Difcipline.
But in their March, they differ : For inftead
of going three, five, feven, or nine in a Breaft,
they always go one by one, following one ano¬
ther as ciofe as they can, with their Pikes up¬
right. As for Fire-Arms, they have not been
ufed to them. Their Drums are huge Pans, of a
Metal called Tombaga , which make a moll hellifh
Sound. They have their Colours and Companies
like the Englijh , but their Standards and Ancients
differ much : Their ancient Staff is very tall,
and bends at Top, like the End of a Bow, from
whence the Colours, which are hardly a Yard in
Breadth, hang down with a long Pendant,
ngiifh and T H E firft Day, on which the Shew was
)utch quar- greateft} certain Forts made of Canes, and other
English to the EastIndies.
301
Pikes, the Englijh and Flemmings were at it in 1605.
Earneft with their Mufkets. The Prote&or per- Scot,
ceiving it, fent to defire them to be quiet ; v— “
whereupon they were quiet for that Day. In the
Evening, Mr. Scot afked one of their Merchants,
if he thought Holland was then able to wage War
with England , that there fhould be fuch Strife
between their Men and his about Precedence?
He likewife put them in Mind, that if it had not
been for the Englijh , they muft have been the
moft contemptible Nation in Europe. Their An-
fwer was, that Times and Seafons change ; and'
without Doubt moft of them here think thsm-
felves able to withftand any Nation in the World :
But I can fay nothing (fays Scot) to the Opinion
of their States, and the wifer Sort at home a.
Every Day the King was brought out of his Order of the
Palace upon a Man’s Shoulders, beftriding hisFr0C^5”Ji
Neck, and the Man held his Legs before him.-
Many rich Umbrellas’5 were carried over and a-
bout him. His principal Guard, who marched
before him, were placed within the Rails, round
the Pageant. The King was followed by a Num¬
ber of the principal Men of the Country ; who,
in their Turns, daily gave their Attendance at
Court. A while after the King was feated, the
Shews came in the following Order : Firft, a
Company of Mufketeers, led by fome Gentleman
Slave ; next came the Pikes, with their Colours
and Mufic in the midft of them. The Mufic
[ confifted of ten or twelve Tombaga Pans, carried
upon a Coulftaff between two : Each was a Note
higher than another, and two attended to play,
by ftriking on them with Sticks. They had alfo
another inferior Kind of Mufic, which went
both before and after. After the Pikes, followed
a Body of Targetteers with Darts : Then were
brought in many Sorts of Trees, with their Fruit.
Thefe were fucceeded by Variety of Beafts and
Fowls, both alive and artificial : The latter were
e fo curioufly made, that, at a Diftance, they were
not to be diftinguifhed from the natural.
After thefe came feveral Men and Women, 7 he Players
attired like Players, who danced, vaulted, and turn-
bled before the King ; performing many furprifing
Feats of Agility : Then followed two or three
hundred Women, carrying Prefents, with an old
Matron to every ten to keep them in Order,
Thefe Prefents were of Rice and Cafhes ; they
were laid in Voiders made of fplit Canes, curi-
Trafh, were fet up before the Pageants. Thefe f oufly fet out for Shew, with painted and gilded
were defended by fome Javans againft other Papers ; but the Prefent itfelf commonly was not
Companies, which aflaulted, and often fired them : worth above T welve-pence. Next camethe 1 it h
But while the Javans were at it in Jeft with their Prefents, which were commonly a fair Tuban ,
* Purcbas fays, on this Occafion, that as the Fault is not, he hopes, national, but perfonal, he has mollified
the Author’s Stile, and left out fome harfher Cenfures. b In Purcbas, Tyrafole, the lame wit ai.i o e.
c In Purcbas, a Tuck ; by others fpelled a Tuke, and Tuque : i he Name ufed formerly :or tne ui \.n, [or
Safh of which it is made up) worn by the Mohammedans.
3 and
Voyages of the English ^ ^ East Indies,
and feme fairer Cloth of their own Manufacture,
curioufly wrought and gilded,
Javans good
Pikemen,
, w o , or imbroidered
with Gold for the King’s own Ufe : Thefe alfo
were carried by Women, having tv/o Pikes borne
upright before them ; and every Royal Prefent
had a rich Umbrella borne over it. The Pro-
ceffion was clofed by the Pleirs to the Parties who
fent the Prefents, which are their younged Sons,
if they have any. They are very richly attired
and adorned with Jewels of Gold, Diamond,
Rubies, and other precious Stones about their
Arms and Middles: They have alfo rich Um¬
brellas held over them, and a Number of Men
and Women attending them. After they have
made their Obeyfance to the King, they fit down
on Mats laid upon the Ground. The Prefents
are all carried into the Court, where Officers are
appointed to receive them.
Aft e r all are part by, one within the Pageant
fpeaks out of the Devil’s Mouth, and commands
Silence in the King’s Name. Then the Revels
begin, and the Mufic flrike up ; and now and
then a Volley of Shot is fired off. The Pike-
men and Targetteers with Darts (hew all their
Feats of Arms : Thefe are very expert at their
Weapons, , although their Mufketeers be bad.
When they charge their Enemy, they always ad¬
vance dancing, that he might not take Aim to
throw his Dart, or make a TJhruft. Amongd fome
of the Shews, there were Junks laden with Cafhes
and Rice, which failed by Clock-work3. There
were likewife hidorical Reprefentations of Mat¬
ters that had pad: in former Times, taken both
from the Old Teflament , and the Chronicles of
Java. All the Inventions above-mentioned, at
lead the major Part of them, were taught long
ago by the Cbinefe', and fome they learned from
the Guzurats , Turks , and other Nations, which
come thither to trade : For they are but Block¬
heads themfelves.
InglifhSfcw The EngUfl) brought a very fair Pomegranate-
snd P-refcnt. Tree full of Fruit, both ripe and half ripe, fome
young, and others in Bud. They had fet it in a
Frame, (made of Ratans, or Carrick Rufhes)
fomewhat like a Bird’s Cage, but very wide,
with Earth about the Root ; and upon that green
Turfs, fo that it dood as if it had been dill grow¬
ing. Upon the Turfs, they put three white Ra-
bits b, which the Vice-Admiral gave the Author ;
and, with Thread, tied to the Boughs feveral little j
Birds, which were continually chirping. They
had likewife four furious Serpents, which the
Cbinefe make very artificially. Upon thefe, they
hung five Pieces of Cloth, curioufiy wrought and
gilded after their Fafhion, which w^ere for the
a King’s Ufe; befides fome other Pieces of Stuffs,
for him to bedow upon his Followers. To thefe Scotf
was added a fine Petronel, and a Cafe of Pidols, v*-
all damafked, each in a beautiful Cafe, with Silk
Strings, and Tadels of Gold. As they had no
Women to carry thefe Things, they borrowed
thirty of the prettied Boys they could get, and
two tall Javans to bear Pikes before them. Mr.
Towrfon had a very pretty Cbinefe Boy, whofe
Father a little before was flain by Thieves,
b This Youth drefied as fine as the King himfelf,
they fent to prefent the Things, and make a
Speech to his Majedy ; importing, that if their
Number had been equal to their Wifhes, their
Shew would have made a far better Figure.
The King and thofe about him took great
Delight in the Conies, as well as in beholding lome
Fire-works they carried, which were Matters of
great Curiofity to the young King, and his Play¬
fellows : But the Women cried out, for fear the
c Palace fhould be fet on Fire.
The Flemmings beaded of their Prefent, being Dutch Pn
accudomed to brag of fmall Matters. They boa ft-/"" '*hmt
ed exceedingly of their King, meaning Grave'™1,
Maurice, whom they, upon all Occafions, dile
Raia Hollanda. Great Strife arofe betwixt the
Englijh and them : The Flemmings dill beginning
the Quarrel in their Drink ; and after all their
Godering, ufually coming off with the word.
| But Mr. Sect confidering the great Charge of
Goods which lay upon him ; and that the Eng -
Ifh who were but thirteen in a Straw Houle,
had no Chance, in cafe the Dutch , who were an
hundred in all, on Shore and a Ship-board, fhould
fall upon them, made it his Bufinefs to redrain
his Men, though with much ado he effe&ed it.
The eighteenth of July, the King of Jakkatra
came to exhibit his Shew, and make his Prefent ; katra cr.
and at the fame Time do his Homage, which rivth
• was performed the twenty-third, in this Manner :
In the Morning early, the King of Bantam’s
Guard, (which was on this Day a more than or¬
dinary Number) were placed in Files, their Pikes
fet upright in the Ground, their Mufkets lying
in Order, and every Man fitting by his Arms^
clothed in red Coats. About eight o’Clock, Air.
Scot, with others of the Fa&ory, went to fee
this Shew, and taking up their Standing near the
King’s Pageant, the Officers of the Guards would
often bid them fit down. The Englijh would an-
fwer, they mud fird bring them a Form : For
indeed the People of no Nation is fuffered to dand
in the Prefence either of the King, or any great
Alan, if near them. The Dutch were as diff as
the Englijh c ; But for other Nations, the Guard
* This we take to be the Senfe of Junks failing, artificially made ; as it is crudely expreffed in Purcbas.
Purchas, on tins Occahon, obferves, that Conies were Rarities in Java. * Methinks this Sort of Be¬
haviour was very wrong, and might have been attended with great Inconveniences : For unlefs they were re-
lolved to comply with their Cuiloms, they Ihould either have kept at a Diftance, or not been prefent at all.
2 would
Voyages of the Englij
j(5o<. would {trike them, if they refufed, although a
Scot, the Ground and Place where they fhould fit were
l/W never fo dirty. But the Javans , who cannot
endure that any Body (hould Band over them,
would remove a good Diflance from them : Many
of the Guards themfelves forfook their Weapons,
and went and fat elfewhere. Neither can thefe
People bear, that one fhould lay his Hand on
their Head, which is not through any Point of
Religion, as fome affirm, but merely out of Pride.
Many Times when Mr. Scot has gone into a b
Cbinefe Houfe, where Javans have fat on the
Floor, and fat down on a Cheft, as their Man¬
ner was, they have all ftarted up and ran out of
Doors : The Cbinefe would tell them, that if
any other Nation fhould do fo, but they or the
Hollanders , the Javans would ftab them.
4ittrii th But to return. About nine o’Clock the King
forumy. Was brought out in the Manner before-mention¬
ed : Two Hours after, the King of Jakkatra
came with a Guard of about two hundred. So
foon as he appeared in Sight, the King’s Guards
all rofe up, and proved their Weapons ; which
the Englijh had never obferved at any former
Shew. " This was done not for Fear of any Vio¬
lence being offered by the King of Jakkatra , but
to be ready to defend him ; in cafe the other
petty Kings, who had great Troops of Men,
and were his mortal Enemies, fhould rife again!!
him. When he came near the inmoft File of
the King’s Guard, he found he could not pafs
to the Pageant, without going through a Rank
of thefe petty Kings ; wherefore, fearing the
cowardly Stab, which is ufed among that Na¬
tion, he began to look aghaft, and much con¬
founded, although he was as brave a Man as any
in all thofe Parts: Pafs them he would not, but
fat down upon a Leather laid upon the Ground,
which every Gentleman hath carried after him
for that Purpofe. So foon as he was feated he
fent to the King, to know if it were his Pleafure
he fhould come to him ; whereupon the King
fent two of his principal Noblemen to conduct
him to his Prefence: The King of Jakkatra ha¬
ving made his Obeifance, the young King em¬
braced him, and welcomed him : After this, the
former fat down in a Place appointed for him.
During this Interval, fome other petty Shews
were prefented.
HU Pegtann About twelve o’Clock came the King of Jak-
awd Preferts katra’s Shew and Prefents. After the three hun¬
dred Soldiers, came the like Number of Women,
with Cafhes, and ftrange Fowl, both alive and
artificial ; alfo many ftrange Beads : Among!!
thefe was one furious Animal, called by them a
Machan. This Creature is fomewhat bigger than
sh to the East Indies. 3°3
a Lion, and has a (lately Gait, when at Liber- 1605.
ty : His Skin is full of white and red Spots, in- Scot,
termixed with black Streaks, which run downt/V^O
from the Back quite under his Belly. Mr. Scot
faw one of them leap more than eighteen Foot
at a fingle Bound, after his Prey. They deftroy
many People near Bantam ; and often, the King,
attended by all the Country goes out to hunt
them ; fometimes in the Night, as well as the
Day. This- Bead was inclofed in a great wooden
Cage, which being placed upon Trucks of old Car¬
riages, and drawn by Buffalos, lay like a Traytor
upon a Hurdle. In the fame Manner was brought
up the Figure of a Giant, thirty Foot high ; and
another of a Devil.
These were followed by a Garden, full of Beautifai
Herbs and Flowers ; and in the Middle, was a Garden y
Fifh-pond, with divers Sorts of fmall Fifhes : Be-
fides this, all Sorts of Fifhes which are known
in thofe Parts, were brought in, cither alive, or
c made by Art. While thefe Pageants were in
Proceffion, they were entertained by Players*
Vaulters, and Tumblers, all drefied after a very
odd and extravagant Manner. There was drawn-
in likewife, a very beautiful Bedflead, and quilt¬
ed Bed ; alfo eleven Boulfters and Pillows of Silk,
embroidered with Gold at the Ends. The Polls
of the Bedftead were very curioufly carved and
gilded ; with a fair Canopy over Plead, wrought
with Gold. A Number of other petty Toys
i were brought and prefented. Lafl of all came
the King’s youngeft Son, riding in a Cha¬
riot, drawn by Buffalos, which the Author
thought very unfeemly. He allows however,,
that they have but few Horfes, which are fmall
Nags ; and that he never faw any of them put
to draw, or employed otherwise- than to ride on,
and run at Tilt, after the Barbary Fafhion ; as
he heard fome Barbary Merchants fay. T his
Exercife they ufe at Bantam every Saturday to-
e wards Evening; except in their Time of Lent y
which is a little before ours a.
Two Days after this Carnival was over, be- 7 "be King.
ing Friday , and their Sabbath, the King was meumcifuk.
earned on his Pageant to Church, where he was
circumcifed. It was borne up by a great Num¬
ber of Men : But the Author could not think there
were four hundred, as the King’s Nurfe told
him; becaufe, in his Opinion, fo many could
not Band under it.
f
SECT. VIII.
Captain Middleton returns from Ternata. Fray
between the Englifh and Dutch. Latter come
off with the worfl. Ship News . New Broils
3 That Year, 1 60 j, their Lent, or Ramadan , fell in January : But it is not fixed ; for the Mohammedan Months
being Lunar, their Lent runs, by Degrees, through ail the Seafons of the Year. ^ ^
3°+
1 6o:
Scot.
Voyages 5/ ^English to the E a s t I n d i e s.
begun by the Dutch. Ordered to kill the Englifh.
Reconciliation made. Two Javan Thieves taken
and executed. Dutch Faftory fired . Captain
Middleton and the Author leave Bantam.
*he General f H E twenty-fourth of July, the Dragon
Ternata, W A returned from Ternata. Mr. Scot imme¬
diately took a Praw, and going aboard, the Ge¬
neral gave him an Account of the Dangers they
had ran, and the unkind Dealings of the Hol¬
landers , although he faved fome of their Lives.
Neverthelefs he had (though with great Difficulty
and Fatigue) gotten a great Quantity of Cloves
towards his Lading. The twenty -eighth the great
Encufen of Flolland arrived from Ternata ; and
the King of Jakkatra came to fee the General.
the DuYciT^ The ^ of -Augujl, in the Afternoon, the
General and Merchants being very bufy in the
Warehoufe, taking an Inventory of the Remain¬
der of Prize and other Goods, two of the Men
came bleeding in, having been wounded by the
Flemmings. Hereupon the General commanded
every Man to take his Weapons, and to lay them
over the Pates foundly, which was prefently per¬
formed : Finding no better Arms ready, he came
into the Street only with a fmall Cudgel. The
Flemmings were drubbed home to their very
Gates. One was run quite through the Body ;
yet fome faid he did not die of it: Two more
!oft their Arms. The Flemmijh Merchants ap¬
plied to the General, but finding that their Men
began the Fray, they faid they had but their De-
lerts : And having drank a Cup of Wine, kind¬
ly took their Leave of him and the Merchants.
Who com! off News being prefently carried to Court, how
toorji, the £)utcjj ancj Englijh had quarrelled, and that
two were flain ; fome about the King afked of
which Party ? and being told they were Flem¬
mings ; they faid it was no Matter if they were
all flain. In this Broil none of the Englifio were
hurt, but the two who were wounded before
the Complaint came, and that but flightly ; one
having a Slafh over the Hand, the other a Stab
under the Side with a Knife. This was the firft
Time they came to Blows : But it was not long
before they were at it pell-mell again ; when the
Flemmings fped no better than they did then.
Ship New. The eleventh of Augujl , two Ships arrived
from Kambaya , which had taken much rich
Plunder from the Portugueze. The fame Day
came in one Ship from Ternata , and on the fix-
teenth, the Afcenfion , from Banda. The eighth of
September , the Dutch Merchants invited the Gene¬
ral, and all the Englijh Merchants and Mailers, to
a Feail ; where there was great Cheer, and much
Friendlhip palled between them. The fifteenth,
two Dutch Ships fet Sail for Holland: One a fmall
Veflel, which had laden Pepper at Bantam ; the
other was freighted with fome Cloves taken in at
1 Ternata , and Prize Goods out of the Ships from ifoe
Kambaya. The twenty-firil, the Dutch Admi- Scot?
ral from Banda arrived ; and next Day the Ge-^r*
neral fent fome of his Merchants to the Dutch
Houfe to bid him welcome. The fame Morn¬
ing a drunken Flemming caufed a new Fray, with
the Surgeon of the Factory ; and more joining
them on each Side, fome of the Dutch were
wounded.
Again, about one o’Clock, as the General Ntw Bfcii
b fat on a Bench at the Gate, talking with a Por - ij> tbeDuu
tugueze , there came one of their drunken Swads,
and fat down between them. The General, of¬
fended at the Rudenefs of the Fellow, gave him
a Box on the Ear, and thruft him away. Pre¬
fently feveral of his Conforts came about the
Gate, vapouring with their Knives and Sables.
The Englijh , with Sticks and the But-ends of
their Pikes, drove them into a Rack-houfe : The
Door being flhut againfl them, they broke it
c open, and knocked fome of the Swaggerers down ;
bringing them away as Prifoners to the General.
So many of the Flemmings as came-by peaceably,
the General caufed to go into the Yard, where
they were in Safety j and thofe who would not
turn in, were well drubbed about the Head and
Shoulderr. So foon as this Party was defeated,
there came another to take their Parts. From
fparring Words they came to Blows, which the
Englijh laid on fo heavy, that the Dutch were
d forced to take to their Heels. Some of them were
knocked down in the Streets ; and many had their
Heads pitifully broken : Others were glad to run
through a broad filthy Ditch to get away, being
chafed into their Houles.
The Matter of their Admiral had oecafioned Ordered to 1
this Fray, having gone from Ship to Ship, to bidf4< EnsIin
the Men go armed on Shore, and kill what Eng¬
lijh they met with. Likewife when fome of the
latter were going aboard the Dutch Ships about
e Bufinefs, certain Englijhmen belonging to their
Fleet, with weeping Eyes, called to them, to
keep off ; for that ftridt Order was given to kill
them, either aboard or on Shore ; and defired
them to acquaint the General thereof. The F lem¬
mings therefore, inftead of having Caufe to com¬
plain, as they alledged, had Reafon to think
they were dealt kindly with, fince the Eng¬
lijh might that Day have flain a great Num¬
ber of them ; and would have done fo, if the
^ General had but given the Word. It was Mat¬
ter of Wonder to the People of all Nations at
Bantam , that they Ihould dare to come to Blows
with the Flemmings ; they having feven very large
Ships in the Road, and the Englijh but two.
Not one of them received any Hurt, excepting
Mr. Sarys, a Merchant, who had a Cut on the
Fore-finger, with a Sable.
At the End of this Fray, the Dutch General A R'cm;
came
atun mam
Voyages jT //^ English to the East Indie s.
|, /r0- came to the EngUJh Houfe, with a large Train a concerned a Manner, as it is poffible tor f ieHi
r c • Merchants, and others ; whom Cap- and Blood to do. One would think from hence,
3°5
came LU UIC . . - — O-
of Captains, Merchants, and others ; whom Cap¬
tain Middleton , in like Manner accompanied, met
in the Street, and conduced in. After the
Matter had been talked of a little, the Dutch
Admiral approved of what the Englijl) had done ;
and fortie of the Captains faying, we complain¬
ed, but their Men bore away the Blows: The
Admiral anfwered, it was no Matter, for he faw
plainly, the Fault was in their Men ; and there-
1 605.
Scot,
and Blood to do. One would think from hence,
that thefe Men {hould be good Soldiers: But it isv-
quite otherwife, this Valour appearing in them
only when there is no Remedy.
The twenty-fixth of September , by a Ja w^cveh Fjc -
{hooting off a Gun, the Town was fet on Fir c.toryfi'td.
Many of the Englijl) Seamen happening at that
Time to be afliore, their Houfe was preferved :
But the Dutch Settlement being to Leeward, could
s* t t 1.1 1 1_ _ 1 I L-. ^ K a , . * 1 n r* l/i
plainly, the Fault was in their Men; and there- tfut tne uutet) oetaememoung , —
fore would take Care for the future, that fo ma- b notefcape, although they {hould have had ever fo
.1 _ nr.*- Kp nn Shore at a Time. much Help. The upper Work of one of their
I1UI rtlliiwu^u 1
much Help. The upper Work of one of their
principal Houfes, contiguous to the great one,
was burnt, with all their Out-houfes, and the
Goods that were in them : As Cables, Hawfers,
pickled Pork, and divers other Things ; whereby
JU1C WUU1U - 7
ny of them {hould not be on Shore at a 1 ime.
After much Difcourfe they were treated with
Sweetmeats, and then took Leave in a very
friendly Manner ; both Parties fhaking Hands to-
t ^ Tfrtain Javans who belonged to two of they fuftained great Damage. Some, who had
.ana. theCpErfnUplWof^ “ta Uod, next the King, reeved there five Yeats, loll a.l that they had ac-
having ftolen nine Mufkets and Callivers out of qui red in that T ime.
thl Gunner of the Afcenfion\ Room ; (hortly af- Not long after the Town was twice fired
ter two of them came to Heal more, and were c in the Night, by the Javans , on the Side h«
taken in the Faa Mr. Scot was fent aboard by EngUJh were of; which put them to great Trouble
the General, to examine and bring them athore.
The firft told him they belonged to great Men,
who were very good Friends of the Englijh ; but
he fufpeaing, bid them confefs the Truth, and
they {hould find feme Favour : Then they told
whofe Slaves they were, and faid the Pieces were
forth-coming. Being brought afhorc, the Ge¬
neral fent to acquaint the King and Protector
with this Matter ; and defired he might have his d
Fire-arms again. The Proteftor fent for them
to the Matters of the Slaves ; who, fetting more
Value on the Guns than their Men, faid they
had none, but what they bought. Yet they fent
to defire the General to defer their Execution for
a Day or two, which was granted ; but becaufe
their Matters were fomewhat difaffeCted, the Pro¬
testor, in the King’s Name, fent the Execution¬
er, with a Guard of Pikes, to put them to
Death.
’nitxttuud. When they came to the Place of Execution,
the General taking Pity of them, would have
given them their Lives: But the Hangman faid,
their Lives were not in his Power, but the King s,
who having ordered him to execute them, he
would do his Office. The two Thieves very pa¬
tiently fuffered, as the People of Java always
do : For they reckon it the greateft Glory ,ma- f ?X’n mT r^fe'wUh'fome other of the -
ginable, to die refolutely, without any Shew o taking their Leave, went aihore, and
Fear: And the Author, who feveral * ^doa cont nSed heir Court directly for
both Men and Women put to Death, affures us, the Ships continued
that they go to Execution in as carelefs or un- hngiana .
in moving their Goods backwards and torwaius.
But by "Help of their Seamen, and the Chi-
nefe , it was quenched. The third of Oftober ,
the General made a Featt, which was for his
Farewel, inviting the Dutch Admiral, and Cap¬
tains, with the Matters, and Merchants, where
the whole patted with Mirth and great Friend-
fhip. _ ,
The fourth of Oftober, the General, accom- rtt Gtr.^ai
panied by feveral Merchants, and others,
to Court, to take his Leave of the King, and his
Nobles. The fixth, about ten o’Clock, he went
aboard, calling by the Way at the Dutch Houfe,
to take his Leave of the Admiral, and Mer¬
chants. Befides thofe who were to return for
England (among whom the Author, Mr^ Scot,
was one) there went aboard with him Mr. Towr-
fon (who was to flay for Agent there) and other
e Merchants; fome of whom, after Dinner, wen.
aihore : The reft flayed till next Day. About
three o’Clock they weighed Anchor, and with
fome Ordnance bid the Town and Dutch Ships
farewel. About eleven or twelve at Night, they
came to Anchor under an Ifland, where, next
Day, they took in Wood, which the General
had fent Men before-hand to cut down. T he
feventh, towards Evening, they fet Sail again ;
R r
C H A P.
Yol. I.
N° 14.
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
1604.
M thel-
burne.
CHAP. IV.
i6o;!
Miche
burne.
Tthe Voyage of Sir Edward Michelburne, to Bantam, in 1604.
Pr tviors Re- f ■ HIS Voyage was performed with two
marks. Ships, the Tiger , of two hundred and forty
Tons, and a Pinnace called the Tiger's Whelp ;
Sir Edward Michelburne , going as General : Who,
though a Member of the Eajl India Company,
yet did not undertake the fame on their Account.
The Relation is inferted in Purchas' s Collection %
containing feven Pages ; and from certain Paffa-
ges therein, it appears to have been written by the
Captain, or Matter, of one of the Ships. It is
there given under the Title of, Captain Davis’r
fecond Voyage , becaufe he went with Sir Edward ;
but fhould rather have been called his Third, hav¬
ing gone before with Captain Lancajler. There
was another John Davis , who went the fame
Voyage b j and wrote fome curious Directions in
1615, for failing to feveral Parts of the Eajl In¬
dies, which are inferted in Purchas c.
SECT. I.
Fleet pajjes the Line. Flying Fijh. Comes to Fer¬
nando Loronha IJle. Dangerous Watering there.
The Inhabitants. Sea appears like Fire. Af-
fcenfion IJle. Saldanna Bay. Fine Country.
Beajlly People. Violent Storm. Diego Roiz.
Dos Banhos. Diego Graciofa.
Pket paJJit p i "> H E fifth of December , 1604, fitting Sail
!_ from Cowes in the IJle of Wight , they
came on the twenty-third, to the Road of Ara-
tana , in the Ifle of Tenerife ; and on the four¬
teenth of January, [1605] were troubled with ex¬
treme Heat, Lightning, Thunder, and Rain, all
the Night. The fixteenth, they patted the Line,
fhaping their Courfe South South- Weft, for the
Ifle Loronnah, with the Wind at South South- Eatt.
Three Degrees Southward of the Line, they
found incredible Shoals of Fifh ; and with their
Hooks, Lines, and Harping-Irons, took fo many
Dolphins, Bonitos, and other Fifh, that the Men
Ttyirg-fijb. could not tell what to do with them. They alfo
Doipbm, &c. met with large Flights of Fowl, though in the
main Ocean, called Pejharaboues , and Alcatraz-
zes. They caught feveral of the former, which
like to repair to Ships in the Night, and will
light on a Perfon’s Hand, if he hold it up. The
Alcatrazzi is a kind of Hawk, that liveth by
a fifhing, and preys on the Flying-fifh d ; which
fometimes are feen in fuch Numbers together,
/►that afar off, they feem to be a great Flock of
Birds.
The twenty-fecond, they came to Anchor at Pernandn
the Ifle of Loronnah , in four Degrees South : Lorodia.,
Where, going on Shore, their Skift' was overfet,
by the violent Breaking of the Sea ; by which
Accident, Mr. Richard Michelburne , a Relation
of the General’s, was drowned. The twenty-
b fifth, their Long-boat going to fill fome empty
Calks, had the fame Misfortune, and two more
of the Men were drowned. It is very trouble- Danger.
fome to get Wood and Water aboard here ; be- Watering
caufe the Landing is fo dangerous, that they were
forced to pull their Calk on Shore with Ropes,
and fo back again when filled. A few Days be¬
fore, a Dutchman was worfe ferved ; his Boat and
all his Men being dallied in Pieces againft the
Rocks.
c The twenty-fixth, the General going on rbelnha-.
Shore to fee the Ifland, found nothing but a wild bitants.
Country, inhabited only by fix Negros. It was
formerly well flocked with Goats, and wild Oxen :
But they have been deftroyed by the Portugueze
Caraks, which water here, in their Way to the
Eajl Indies ; thefe poor Slaves being left to kill
and dry Goats againft their Coming : So that the
Englijh could find but few. Turtle-doves, Alca-
trazzes , and other Fowl are Plenty, which they
killed with their Mulkets, and found to be very
dainty Meat. Here is alfo Abundance of Maiz,
or Guinea Wheat, and Cotton Trees e, whereon
groweth the fine Bombaft, with wild Gourds, and
Water-Melons.
FEBRUART the twelfth, being in feven TbeStaa.
Degrees five Minutes South, they had a furprifingFr™.
Phaenomenon: The Sea fparkled in a ttrange
Manner, and appeared as if all in Flames j fend¬
ing forth fuch a Light in the Night, (the Moon
being down) that they could fee to read the fmal-
eft Print.
Th e thirteenth, in the Morning, they deferi- Afren/ioe
ed the Ifland, or rather Rock, called Afcenfion , JAe'
in eight Degrees thirty Minutes South : And the
firft of April fawLand, bearing South South-Eaft
though by their Reckoning, they were forty
* Pilgrims , Vol. I. p. 132. b See Purchas' s Pilgrims, Vol. I. p. 45 1. c Ibid. p. 440, and 444.
* An Account of this is given, the fame as in Stephens's Voyage, p. 1 93 b. * In Purchasy rotten Trees,.
4oubtlefs by Miftake.
Leagues
jldanna,
\e Country.
•oftly
of It.
Voyages of the Engli
Leagues diftant : Yet, according to the Variation
of the Compafs, they were near the Land, thirty
Leagues before they faw it. The fecond, they
were hard by the Shore, ten or twelve Leagues to
the Northward of the Bay of Saldannah ; and the
third, came to a little Ifland, which Captain
Davis took to be that ijring five or fix Leagues
from Saldannah: Whereupon the General, defi-
rous to fee it, went thither in his Skiff, accom¬
panied with no more than the Mafter’s Mate,
the Purfer, the Author, and four Men who row¬
ed : But while they were on Shore, a Storm arofe,
and drove the Ship out of Sight for two Days.
Finding abundance of Rabbets, and Seals there,
they called it Coney- Ifland. The eighth, they
came to an Anchor, in the Road of Saldannah ;
and next Day went on Shore.
This Country is fo well ftored with Neceffa-
ries, that perhaps, the like is not to be found in
the PoffefTion of Savages. It abounds with Oxen
and Sheep, (which are kept in great Herds and
Flocks, as in England) wild Deer, Antilopes, Ba-
bions, Foxes, and Hares ; alfo with Oftriches,
Cranes, Pelicans, Herons, Geefe, Ducks, Phea-
fants, Partridges, and divers other Sorts of excel¬
lent Fowls. It is moft pleafantly watered with
wholfome Springs ; which defending from the
Tops of exceeding high Mountains, render the
Valleys very fruitful. Here is a kind of Tree,
not much unlike the Bay ; but of a far harder
Subftance, that grows clofe by the SeaSide. The
Natives brought them fo much Cattle, that they
carried frefh Beef and Mutton to Sea with them.
For a Piece of an old Iron-hoop, not worth two¬
pence, they bought a great Bullock ; and a Sheep,
for two or three Horfe-nails, or a Bit of Iron.
Th e People who inhabit this fine Country,
are fome of the moft favage and beaftly in the
Univerfe. They go naked, wearing only a Sheep
Skin on their Shoulders ; and a little Flap of a Skin,
which does not cover their Nakednefs. While
the Ships continued here, they lived upon the
Guts and Garbage of the Cattle, which the Sai¬
lors threw away. They dreffed them without
wafhing, or cleaning them of the Filth : All they
did was to cover them over with hot Afhes, and
before they v/ere warm through, they pulled them
out ; and after fnaking them a little in their Hands,
eat the Guts, Excrement, and Alhes, all toge¬
ther. They live upon raw Flefh, and a certain
Kind of Root, which is very plenty here. By
the good Refrelhment which they found on Shore,
(where they continued from the ninth of April,
to the third of May) the Sailors, who had been
weakened by the Voyage, became as healthy,
and ftrong, as when they firft put to Sea.
The feventh of May , they were ten Leagues South
off the Cape of Bona Efperansa ; and, in the
3 By fome thought to be Diego
s h to the East Indies.
3°7
a Night paffed over the Shoals of Cape das Aguil- 1605.
has. Michel-
The ninth, there arofe a moft violent Storm,,
which lafted forty-eight Hours, and feparated their
Pinnace, accompanied with Rain, Lightning, and Storm.
Thunder, and often filling the Ship with Water.
The Portuguese call this Place The Lion of the Sea ,
on Account of the extreme Fury of thefeTem-
pefts, and the Danger in doubling, this Cape. In
the Height of the Storm, there appeared in the
b Night, upon their Main-top-maft Head, a Flame
about the Bignefs of a great Candle ; which the
Portuguese call Corpo Sanfto, holding it as a di¬
vine Token, that the worft is paft. Some think
it to be a Spirit; others W’rite, that it is an Ex¬
halation of moift Vapours, ingendred by foul and
tempeftuous Weather. Some affirm, that the
Ship is fortunate where it lighteth, and fhall not
be caft away. It appeared two Nights fucceffive-
ly ; after which, they had a fair Wind, and good
c Weather.
The twenty-fourth, being about eight Leagues niegoRois
to the South of the Ifle de Diego Roiz ) which lies;>-
in nineteen Degrees forty Minutes South Latitude,
and ninety-eight Degrees thirty Minutes Longi¬
tude) they propofed putting in there ; but the
Wind increafing in the Night, they changed
their Defign. About this Ifland, they faw abun¬
dance of white Birds, having in their Tails but
two long Feathers. Thefe Birds, and divers others
d accompanied them, with luch contrary Winds,
and violent Gufts, as often fplit their Sails; whilft
the Ship boulting to and again, rather went to the
Leeward, than advanced, the Wind blowing ftiff
at Eaft South- Eaft.
The third of June , (landing their Courfe for
the Ifland de Cirne a, they defer ied the Ifle de Diego
Rois again, and made to it, defigningto have wait¬
ed there for a good Wind : But finding it to be
a dangerous Place, on account of the Rocks and
e Shoals that lie about it, they durft not come
to an Anchor, but purfued their Courfe for
India.
The fifteenth, they had Sight of the Ifies dos Tjla d<s
Banhos , in fix Degrees thirty-feven Minutes Binhjs*
South, and one hundred and nine Degrees of Lon¬
gitude ; being laid too much to the Weft in moft
Maps. They are five in Number ; abounding
with Fowl, Fi(h, and Cocoa-Nuts, whereof they
brought great Store aboard, anif found to be ex-
f cellentFood. On fearching both the South and
Weft Shore, they could find no good Anchoring :
For in fome Places there was no Ground clofe
under the Shore; and fuch (harp Rocks, and
Shoals in other Places, that they durft not anchor.
Th e nineteenth, they drew near the Ifle of D/-DIeg0 Gra.
egoGraciofa , which (lands in feven Degrees thirty ciofa/.r.
Minutes South Latitude ; and in one hundred and
Rodrigues , by others St. Mauritius.
R r 2 ten
$c8
1 605.
Mi h^l-
hurr.e.
Ccafi of
Suaaua.
IJland Bata.
The fly it g
£> quirt el.
Defcry three
Harks,
Voyages of the Engl
ten Degrees fort)'- Minutes Longitude, by Compu¬
tation. "i bis feemeth to be a very pleafant Ifland,
and of good Refrefhing, if there be any anchor¬
ing Place : But the Wind being bad, and the
Tide forcing them to Shore, they durft not ftay
to fcarch fufliciently. This Ifland is about ten
or twelve Leagues long, abounding with Birds
andFifh ; and is entirely covered with a Wood of
Cocoa T rees. The eleventh of July , they repafTed
the Line, where they were becalmed, with ex¬
treme Heat, Lightning, and Thunder.
S E C T. II.
Ccafi of Sumatra. Ifland Bata, or China Bata.
Flying Squirrel. Defcry three Barks : One
taken. Rock of white Coral. Priaman Road.
Several Vejfels taken , and let go again. Another
Prize. Sillibar Road. Marrah Road. Come to
Bantam. Slanders raifed by the Dutch. They
are fnubbed by the General. Prizes taken. Sunken
1 fiends.
H E nineteenth, they deferied a Land,
which they took to be a Clufter of Iflands,
locked in one, lying under the High-land of Su¬
matra. Here the Sea broke with fuch Violence
upon the Shore, that they durft not land ; though
the People made Fires along the Coaft, as they
thought, to invite them. T his Ifland, or Iflands,
is in two Degrees North Latitude.
The twenty-fifth, they came to an Anchor,
by a little Ifland, full of Cocoa Trees, which had
very few Nuts upon them : Some however they
got, but could find no Water. Three or four
People appeared at a Diftance, who Teemed to
have been left there, to gather the Cocoas, and
make them ready, againft others fhould come and
fetch them.
The twenty-fixth, they caft Anchor within a
League of a great uninhabited Ifland, called Bata a,
in twenty Minutes South, It abounds with Woods
and Rivers ; alfo with Fifh, Monkeys, and a kind
of Fowl, faid to be that Country Bat. The Au¬
thor killed one of them, that was greater than
an Hare, and fhaped very like a Squirrel ; only
from each Side, there hung a large Flap of Skin,
which in leaping from Tree to Tree, lie would
fpread like a Pair of Wings, as if he flew with
them. T’hey are very nimble, and will leap from
Bough to Bough oftentimes, taking hold with
nothing but their Tails. Here they built their
Shallop ; and for that Reafon called her the Bat.
The twenty-ninth, the Author of this Jour¬
nal, walking along the Shore, difeovered a Sail
under a little Ifland, about four Leagues diftant ;
which he was in Hopes was the Pinnace, menti¬
oned before, to have been feparated in a Storm :
s h to East Indies.
But being fent by the General next Day, along 1605.
with Captain Davis , to fee if it was fo, they Michel-
found three Barks at Anchor, whofe Men made b,J,r,e-
Signs to them to come aboard ; and, to allure {^/rsT\
them, faid, they had Hens. Some of them un-
derftood Portugueze : But the Englifh not being
well provided, anfwered, that they would go
fetch Money, and next Morning return, and
buy. Accordingly, next Morning, they did re¬
turn, better qualified to talk to them : But the
others had not thought fit to wait for them.
The fourth of Augujl , they flood for Priaman. A Burk
The ninth, the Shallop was manned, and fent^”'
along the Coaft, to look for Roaders ; and efpy-
ing a Bark, gave her Chace : But when the Crew
perceived they could not get away, they came to
an Anchor ; and in the Boat efcaped to an Ifland.
As the Veftel was laden only with Cocoas, Oil,
Nuts, fine Mats, and the like, they left her ;
imagining, the General would not have been
pleafed with fo poor a Prize. The tenth and
eleventh, the Shallop Handing clofe along the
Main-land, theyefpied eight Praws, riding over-
againft a Place called Tico ; which they made up
to, in Expectation of finding their Pinnace among
them : But although fhe was not there, they were
in fome Hopes Hill, on being informed, that
there was an Englifh Ship at Priaman , not above
fix Leagues off.
With this Intelligence, they haftened aboard of
the Admiral, and acquainted the General. They wbue Cira
had not failed a League farther, before their Ship
came on Ground, on a Rock of white Coral :
But having a ftrong Gale, they quickly got her
off again, without any Hurt : And drawing near
the Road of Priaman, they deferied their Pinnace;
whofe Captain and Mafter met them half a League
from the Road in their SkifF. At their coming
aboard, the General welcomed them, with a Peal
of great Ordnance: And having given each other
an Account of what had happened, during their
Abfence, they came to Anchor in five Fathom
Water, very good Ground, in the Road of Pri¬
aman; which Hands in forty Minutes South La¬
titude.
The fourteenth, the General fent the Author Cm to Pi
on Shore, with a Prefent to the Governor; andaman'
others, to fee what Price Pepper was at, to buy
frefh ViCluals, and to know, whether their Men
might land with Safety : But the Governor durft
not fpeak to him privately, by reafon of the War
then on Foot, which made them jealous one of
another. The Occafion of thefe Wars was this:
The King of Achen , having two Sons, kept the
Elder at home, intending him for his Succeflor ;
and made the Younger King of Pedir : But the
5
a Afterwards called China Bata .
former
1605.
Michel-
1 burne.
L-V— J
Several Vtj -
'{els takttl,
Sillibar
Road* _
Marrah
Road,
Cttre to
Bantam.
Voyages c/' the Englis
former being diffatisfied thereat, imprifoned his a
Father, alledging, that he was too old to govern
any longer ; and afterwards made War on his
younger Brother. The Englijh finding little good
was to be done in this Place, took in frefh Vic¬
tuals, and departed on the twenty-firft, for Ban¬
tam. .
The fame Day, they took two Praws, with
only a little Rice, which they quitted again : The
Sailors feeing fome leap overboard, and imagining
they had all done the fame, the firft two Men b
that entered, were grievoufly wounded by two
Indians , who lay hidden behind their Sails, and
then leaped overboard, fwimming away like W a-
ter-Spaniels. Next Day they took a Fifher-boat,
and let it go alfo, without doing it any Hurt ;
only in the Attack, one of the Boatmen was
(hot through the Thigh.
The twenty-fifth, they deferied a Sail; and
fent their Shallop, Long-boat, and Skiff, to fee
what (he was. As (he would not ftrike to them, c
they attacked her; the Fight continuing from
three of the Clock in the Afternoon, till ten of
the Clock at Night ; when their Pinnace, which
had been becalmed all the while, coming up, (he
yielded. She was a Bark of about forty Tons,
bound for Priamany and loaded with Salt, Rice,
and China Ware. They towed her along with
them all Night: But in the Morning, the Gene¬
ral finding they were of Bantam , where the Eng¬
lijh Merchants had then a Fa&ory, he let them c
go, not fuffering any Thing to be taken from
them.
SEPTEMBER the fecond, they met with
a fmall Ship of Guzarate , or Cambay a, being a-
bout eighty Tons, which they took and carried
into the Road of Sillibar , in four Degrees South ;
into which Road many Praws continually come
to refrefh themfelves : For here you may have
Wood, Water, Rice, Buffalos- fielh, Goats, Hens,
Plants, and frefh Fifh ; but all very dear. The
twenty-eighth, they departed for Bantam , and
the twenty-third of Oflober, came to an Anchor
in the Road Marrah , in the Streight of Sunda :
Here they took in frefh Water. In this Place
there is great Store of Buffalos, Goats, Cocks,
Hens, Ducks, and other good Provifions : In
Exchange for which the Natives chofe to take
Calicos, Pintados, and fuch like Stuff, rather
than Money ; and if well ufed, will ufe you
well : But you muff watch them, for they think
every Thing well gotten, that they can Real
from a Stranger.
The twenty-eighth, they fet Sail, and ar¬
rived within three Leagues of Bantam , which
flandeth in fix Degrees and forty Minutes South,
where they anchored. The Englijh Fleet, which
they thought to have met with, was gone for
H to the E A S T I N D I E S. 309
England three Weeks before: But the Fa&ors 1605.
came aboard, very glad to fee them, and gave Michel-
the General an Account how grofsly the Hollan- ,
ders , who were then in the Road, had {hindered ^andtri (j
them to the King of Bantam ; reprefenting them the Dutch,
as Thieves and Reprobates, who came only to
plunder them by Artifice, or Violence, if they
found an Opportunity. They added however,
the Dutch were fo much afraid of them, that
they durft not come into the Road ; but kept tw<5
or three Leagues off.
The General moved with this Report, weigh- s™bhtd by
ed Anchor, and fent the Hollanders Word, that tJ>! Genfri’
he would come and ride clofe by their Sides ;
giving them to underftand, at the fame ft ime, that
if they offered fo much as to point a Gun at him*
or the leaf! Infult whatever, he would either fink
them, or fink by their Sides. 1 here were of
thefe, five Ships, one of feven or eight hundred
Tons, the reft of a far fmaller Burden. But of
: this Meflage, (notwithftanding they came and
anchored clofe by them) they never had Anfwer :
On the contrary, whereas the Hollanders were
wont to fwagger, and keep great Stir on Shore,
before the General’s Arrival, they were fo quiet
after, that fcarce one of them was feen on
Land.
The fecond of November , they took Leave of
their Countrymen, and flood their Courfe for
Patane. In their Way, between the Kherfonejits
1 of Malakka , and Peek a Branca , they met with
three Praws; which, for hear, ran in near the
Shore. Wherefore the General manned his Shal¬
lop with eighteen Men, and fent to requeft them,
that for his Money he might have a Pilot to car¬
ry his Ship to Pulo Timaon, , five Days Sail from Ptawtahn-.
thence.
But they feeing the Ship and Pinnace at
Anchor, about a Mile off, not able to come
nearer, bluntly refufed. Whereupon, the Shallop
e attacked them, and in lefs than half an Hour,
took one : But the Men, which were feventy-
three in all, got on Shore. Another, after hav¬
ing fought all Night, yielded about Day-break.
She w7as laden with Benjamin, Storax, Pepper,
China Ware, and Pitch. The third Praw got
away, while the other was fighting. The Ge¬
neral, who came up in his Skiff, a little before
fhe ftruck, would not fuffer any Thing to be
taken out of her, but two of the Men, for Pilots;
f and then difmiffed the reft, becaufe they were of
Java. Thefe Javans are very refolute in Dan¬
ger. Their chief Weapons are Javelins, Darts,
Daggers, and a kind of poifoned Arrows, which
they fhoot in Trunks : They ufe Targets, and;
have fome Arcubuffes ; but they are not expert
in ufing them. Mod of them are Mohammedans.
Thefe had been at Palimbam , and were going
home
burne.
Sunken
Ijlandt ,
310 Vo yages «/ Engl
1605. home again to Greece % a Port Town, on the
Michel- North-Eaft Part of that Ifland.
The twenty-fixth, they faw certain Iflands,
bearing off them North- Weft, which neither
they nor their new Pilots knew ; and the Wind
proving contrary, they put into them to look for
Wood and Water. Next Day they anchored
within a Mile of the Shore, in lixteen Fathom
good Ground, on the South Side of the Iflands.
Here fending out their Boats, they found fome
of them to be funken Iflands, and nothing above
the Water but the Trees, or Roots of them.
In Ihort all is a Wildernefs of Woods, aud a
moft uncomfortable Place, having neither Fruits,
Fowl, nor any Kind of Beaft for victualling.
Thefe Iflands they took to be fome of the broken
Iflands, lying South-Eaft from the Ifle of Ban-
turn. However in one of them they met with
a pretty good Watering-place. The fecond of
December , they weighed Anchor, and flood for
Patane, as near as the Winds would permit:
For in thele Months they found them to be very
contrary, keeping ftill at North, North-Weft,
or North-Eaft.
SECT. III.
Pulo Laor. Currents and Monfons. Panhange.
Meet a Junk with Japanneze, who had feized
it , and murdered the Crew. Account of them.
1 They plot to dejlroy the Englifh. Imprudence of
Captain Davis. The Japan Aeze rife , and kill
him , with others. Are all fain themfelves.
The General waits for the Chinefe Ships. Takes
two rich Vejfels, and lets them go again. Meets
the Dutch Admiral , Van Warwick, who ad-
vifes him to return. He refufes , but on fecond
Thoughts fails homewards. St. Helena. Ar¬
rives at Portfmouth. Table of Latitudes.
, / ■ ' H E twelfth, near Pulo Laor, they deferi-
' u 0 30r' e<^ three Sail, and fending their Pinnace
and Shallop after, the neareft ftayed behind to
have met with the other two ; but in the Night
loft them. Next Morning they deferied the Pin¬
nace and Shallop, about four Leagues to Leeward,
with the other Ship, which they had taken ; and
feeing they were not able to join them, the
Wind and Current being contrary, went to
them. They found her a Junk of Panhange , of
about an hundred Tons, laden with Rice, Pep¬
per, and Tin, going to Bantam. The General
difregarding fuch mean Luggage, took only as
much Rice as ferved for his Provifion, and two
tittle brafs Guns, which he paid for to their Con¬
tent. He alfo kept one Man for a Pilot, who.
i s h to the East Indies.
a feeing him ufe them fo well, was willing to go. 1605.
The other two Pilots, which they took before Michel-
out of the Praws, being very unfkilful, he fent
back in the Junk, after rewarding them for the'-
Time they had been with him.
The thirteenth, failing on towards Pulo 77- ana
rnaon b, which borders on the Country of Pan- c”'m'
hange , they were troubled much with contrary
Winds and Currents. For the Sea, from the
Beginning of November , to the Beginning of A-
b pril , runs continually Southward ; and from A-
pril to November , back again to the Northward.
The Wind alfo in the firft five Months is moft
commonly Northerly ; and in the other feven.
Southerly. All the Ships of China, Patane , Jor ,
Pan hange , and other Places, to the Northward,
come to Bantam , or Palimbam , in the Northerly
Monfoin , and return again during the Southerly
one. By obferving thefe Seafons, Ships will be
fure to have both Wind and Tide with them,
c Here they found fuch violent contrary Winds and
Currents, that they could advance but a League
in three Weeks.
PAN HANGE c, is a very plentiful Coun- Pan -Hange
try, and full of People of Fafhion. There is
alfo Store of Shipping, and Victuals are very
cheap. It lieth between Jor and Pantane , and
reacheth along the Coaft to Cap zTingeron: Which
is a very high Point, and the firft Land that the
Caraks of Macao, the Junks of China , or Praws
d of Kamboia, do make, when bound for Malak-
ka, Java , Sumatra , Jumbe , Jor, Palimbam,
Greece , or any other Part to the Southward.
Here, in their Way to Patane , about the japanneze
twenty-feventh, they met with a Junk full o {meet a jun,
Japons , who had been pirating along the Coaft
of China and Kamboja. Their Pilot being dead,
and not knowing how to govern their Ship in
foul Weather, file was caft away on the Shoals
of the great Ifland Borneo , where they durft not
e go afhore : For the Japons being feared as a bold
defperate People, are not fuffered to land in any
Port of India, with Weapons. Taking to their
Shallops, after the Lofs of their Ship, they met
with this Junk, which belonged to Patane, of
about feventy Tons, laden with Rice ; and hav¬
ing killed all the People, fave one old Pilot, and Murdtrtb*
furnifhed it with fuch Neceffaries and Arms asc"w*
they faved out of their funken Ship, fhaped their
Courfe for Japan : But the Badnefs of the Junk,
f contrary Winds, and Unfeafonablenefs of the
Year, forcing them to Leeward, was the Caufe
of their falling in the Way of the Englifh.
They were ninety Men in all, a Number Accmtef
too great for fo fmall a Veffel ; and moft of them them.
3 G reefy, or Gnfi. b This is an Ifland not far from Panhange , or Pahang. c This fliould
perhaps rather be Pan-hang-, being the fame Place that is called by other Authors, Pahaung and Pam, often
mentioned in the firft Book. 1
in
Voyages of the Englis
jfloz. in too gallant a Habit for Sailors: Befides there a
Michel- was fuch an Equality of Behaviour among them,
burne. that they all feemed to be upon a Level ; for
though one among them was called Captain, they
(hewed him but little RefpedL Their Lading was
only Rice ; and, for the moft part, fpoiled with
Wet : For their Ship was leaky both under and a-
bove Water. The Englijh riding at Anchor under
a fmall Ifland, near that of Bintam , for two Days,
treated them kindly; with a View to have learn¬
ed the Place and Paflage of certain Ships, on the b
Coaft of Chine 7, in order to have made their
Voyage. But thefe Rogues being hopelefs, in that
paltry Junk, ever to return to their own Coun¬
try, refolved with themfelves either to gain the
Ship, or lofe their Lives. As there was a friend¬
ly Intercourfe between the two Vefiels, with Pre-
fents and Feafting ; fometimes twenty-five or
twenty-fix of the principal Men would come a-
board the Englijh Ship, though not above fix were
fuffered to have Weapons. c
rpruicr.ee if ypHE General intending to have the Rice
opum Da- ^•earcjied in the Junk, ordered Captain Davis in
the Morning to poflefs himfelf of their Wea¬
pons, and put the Company before the Mail: ;
for fear, in cafe any thing valuable was found,
they might fet upon the Englijh , and kill them :
But Davis being beguiled with their diflembling
Carriage, would not feize on their Weapons,
though he was fent-to twice to do it. At Sun-
fet, after long Search, and nothing found, fave d
a little Storax and Benjamin, the Japans, feeing
he Japan- a fair Opportunity, at a Watch-word agreed on
:efe Treacb- among them, refolutely fell upon the Englijh in
both Ships at once. They fuddenly killed and drove
over-board all the Englijh that were in their Junk ;
and thofe who were aboard the Ship fallied out of
the General’s Cabin, where they were put, with
fuch Weapons as they had, or could find there.
Sir Edward being on Deck,- and knowing what
was likely to follow, leapt into the Wafte; e
where, with the Boatfwains, Carpenter, and
fome few more, he kept the Japons under the
Half-deck.
'opt ah Da- The firft they happened to meet with was
' pin. Captain Davis coming out of the Gun-room,
whom they pulled into the Cabin ; and giving fix
or feven mortal Wounds, thruft him out again
before them. He died as foon as he came into
the Wafte, into which they prefled fo fiercely to
enter, that they would gather with their Hands f
on the Pikes of the Englijh, to reach them with
their Swords. It was near half an Hour before
they could be driven back into the Cabin, four
or five of their Leaders being flain ; and four
'f-< all pin. Hours more before they were fubdued. They
often fired the Cabin, by burning the Bedding
Indies.
and would have burnt
h to the East
and other Combuftibles ;
the Ship, if they had not been prevented, by
beating down the Bulk-head and Pump, with
two Demi-Culverins from under the Half-Deck.
Thefe Guns being charged with Crofs-bars, Bul¬
lets, and Cafe-ihot, and bent clofe to the Bulk-
Head, fo mauled them with Boards and Splin¬
ters, that there was but one left (landing out of
twenty-two. It was furprizing to fee how mi-
ferably their Legs, Arms, and Bodies were torn.
They were fo defperate, they never once called
for Quarter ; only one leaped over-board, who
afterwards (warn back to the Ship, and begged
Mercy. Being afked what was their Defign ? He
replied, it was to take the Ship, and cut the
Throats of all that were in her. He would fay
no more, but defired that he might be cut in
Pieces.
Next Day, being the twenty-eighth, when th zywait forth
were about five Miles from Land, the General Chinefe
ordered the Japonian to be hanged ; but he broke sb'P'
the Rope, and fell into the Sea : Whether he
fwam to Land or not was unknown. They took
their Courfe to a little Ifland to Leeward, where
they anchored the thirtieth, flaying three Days
to mend their Boat, and take in Wood and Wa¬
ter. In this Ifland they found a Ship of Patane ,
whofe Captain being afked, whether the Ships of
China were come to Patane ? He told them they
were not, but would be there within a few Days.
For this Reafon they took him to be their Pilot,
and purpofed to wait there for the Chinefe Ships.
The twelfth of January , [1606] one of the fake two
Mates, from the Top-maft, deferied two Ships, rich Sh?*,
which came towards them; the Englijh likewife
advanced, and coming up with the biggeft in the
Night, after a (hort Fight, boarded, and brought
them to an Anchor. Next Day the Englijh hav¬
ing taken fome of their Silks, both wrought and
raw, payed for them more than they were worth ;
after which they let them depart, on the fifteenth,
without touching their Silver, though they had
above fifty Tons on board. This was not done
out of Kindnefs, but becaufe they had Hopes of
meeting with the other Chinefe Ships, which they
lay in wait for, (haping their Courfe back again
for China Bata: But the Winds proving contra¬
ry, they could not fetch it up ; and fo were for¬
ced, on the twenty -fecond, to put into two fmall
1 (lands to Leeward, called by the Javans , Pulo
Sumatra.
The twenty-fourth, a great Storm arifing,
their Cable broke. The fecond of February , fiveWarwK *
Holland Ships failing homeward, put into the
fame Road. Captain Warwick a, who was their
General, having invited Sir Edward to dine with
him, told him : That the Englijh Merchants in
R Wybrants Van Wamvici*
\
Bantam ,
312 Voyages of the Engli
i 607. Bantam , were in great Danger every Hour of
Keeling, being affaulted by the King of Java, on ac-
v— count of the Chinefe Ship which he had taken,
whereby that Monarch had loft his Cuftom ; and
therefore requefted him to go no further, but fail
home with him. Sir Edward anfwered, that he
had not as yet made his Voyage, and therefore
would not return : But weighing the Cafe a little
better, after the Departure of the Hollanders
(which was on the third of February) and confi-
dering that he had but two Anchors and two Ca¬
bles left to truft-to, he thought proper to repair
And return 1 his Ships, and return home with the poor Ad-
bomrwardt, vantage jie }iad made. Accordingly he fet Sail
for that Purpofe, on the fifth of February ; and
the feventh of April , after a great Storm, had
Sight of the Cape of Bona Efperanza.
Come to St- The feventeenth, they came to Sanfta Helena ,
Helena. where they watered, and found Refrefhment, as
Wine and Goats; of which, and wild Hogs,
the Ifland abounds, but is uninhabited. There are
s h to the East Indies,
1 alfo great Store of Partridges, Turkey-Cocks, i6(Bj
and Guinea Hens. They departed the third of Keeling
May, and the fourteenth, pafled the Equator. -v*
The twenty-feventh of June , they arrived at
Milford Haven , in Wales ; and, the ninth of Ju¬
ly, 1606, caft Anchor in Portfmoutb Road, where Arrive m
all the Company were difmified ; having boenPortfmou
Out full nineteen Months.
Table of Situations.
Lat.
Long.
Fernando Loronha Ifle —
4
00 S.
Afcenfion Ifle — - —
8
3°
98 30
Diego Roiz Ifle — — -
l9
40
Dos Banhos Ifles — —
6
37
109 00
Diego Graciofa — —
7
30
no 40
Iflands near Sumatra —
2
00 N.
Bata , or China Bata Ifle
00
20 S.
Priaman Road — - — -
00
40
Sillibar Road — —
4
00
Bantam — ~
6
40
CHAP. V.
I’ke Voyage of Captain William Keeling, in 1607, to Bantam and Banda $
Being the third fet out by the India Company .
Written by the Captain himfelf and abbreviated .
Previous
IN this Voyage were employed three Ships,
with about three hundred and ten Men : The
Dragon , Admiral, Captain Keeling , chief Com¬
mander, or General ; the Hetter, Vice-Admi¬
ral, William Hawkins , Captain ; and the Con-
fent , David Middleton , Captain. This Relation
is inferted in Purcbas’s Cohesion a, and in the
Title is faid to have been written by Keeling him¬
felf : But by a Note annexed by the Colle&or, it
appears to be no more than an Extract from the
large Journals written at Sea, by the faid Keeling
and Captain Hawkins (in above a hundred Sheets
of Paper) containing only, as Purchas informs
us, the moft necefi'ary Obfervations for Sea or
Land Affairs. The Remarks of Hawkins , which,
as publifhed, relate only to the Land, will be
inferted among the Travels. As for this Relati¬
on, it is written in a very obfcure Manner : The
Stile being both abrupt and uncouth ; which, me-
thinks, Purchas ought to have reformed, fince
he undertook to abridge it. The Author feems
Co have kept no regular Journal, but only to have
* Pilgr, vol. if p. 1 88.
Remarks.
entered down fuch Things as from Time to Time
affected him moft. In many Places it confifts
of nothing but loofe, imperfect Hints, thrown
together without Connexion, and referring to
Things not mentioned before : Yet poflibly thefe
Defeats might be owing to Purchas , in order to
fhorten the Journal ; and indeed, whether it
was for want of Judgment or Care, he fpoiled
almoft every thing he abridged. However it
contains many valuable nautical Remarks, as well
as Particulars relating to the Proceedings of the
Dutch , who then began to lord it in India ; which
may atone for other Defers. If the Drynefs of
fome Parts fhould difguftany of our Readers, we
hope they will confider that our Defign is, to give
a compleat Series of the Englijh Voyages; and to
fteer equally between the two Extremes of Re¬
dundancy and Imperfe&ion.
SECT. I.
The Fleet is driven by Storms. Is forced back. Ob-
fervation on the Current. Shoal of St. Ann. Si-
takes up eighteen Pages.
erra
Vovages of the English to the East Indies.
607.
Reeling.
313
erra Leona Road. Variation of the Gompafs. a but no Sight of Land ; and the greateft Depth 1607.
Good Watering-Place. Huge Draught of Fijhes. was oozy; the leaft a yellow, Tandy Ground.
Lemon Water for the Scurvy. Bejl Road and About nine they efpied Land, being a round
Watering-Place. 'Saldanna Bay. Situation of Spot, moderately high, bearing North-Eaft, a-
* s—* /« L a.. A 4- 1 rt ri /v * ■ ar> fi t A 4*0 n 4-
( driven
the Coajl.
yjPRIL the fir ft, 1607, the Dragon and Hec-
tor *, were fallen as low as the Downs : Af¬
ter their Departure from thence, they met with
feveral Difafters. They pafled the Line the Be
bout eight Leagues diftant.
They were at Noon in the Latitude of fe-
ven Degrees, fifty-fix Minutes, and fleered all
Day, Eaft; fometimes one Point Northerly, or
Southerly, as their Water deepned or fhoaled :
For they had oftentimes above ten Fathom, and
reverai l^iiaueis. mey yantu «.»v - j - . . . . - .
o-innino- of June ; when being come into four or b at the next Caft under feven fathom in pitty
_ rT. _ t tlipu wprp (Trriund: and when thev found fhoal Water,
'orced back
’ '/ (be
\ncnt,
five Degrees of Southerly Latitude, they were
forced by Gufts, Calms, Rains, Sicknefs, and
other marine Inconveniences, to return North¬
ward : But miffing of the Ifle of Fernando de Lo-
ronha , to their great Surprize, July the thirti¬
eth, the General confulted with Taverner , the
Mafter, who was of Opinion, that they Ihould
be obliged to return for England. He therefore
propofed failing for Sierra Leona , as he liked the
Place, from what he had formerly read of it. (
He fent for the Book b, and (hewed it the Maf¬
ter ; who approved of it as well as himfelf.
Wherefore his Company beginning to be
grievoufly difeafed, and being unable to reach
Fernando de Loronha (Water being their greateft
Want, and a Watering-Place fo nigh) be called
a Council, and, after Dinner propounded what
was fitted to be done. It was generally agreed,
that they ought not to ftand to the South a-
ny longer. Then the General demanding their <
Opinions concerning a Place for Watering,
Churchward , Savage and Taverner judged Mayo
the fitted ; how much without Reafon the Au¬
thor leaves others to determine: Farming, Pok-
ham , Mollineux , and the Mafter of the Dragon ■,
joined with the General, in recommending Si¬
erra Leona , for many Caufes. Wherefore it was
concluded to repair thither ; which the Mariners
were extreamly glad of.
The fourth of Augujl , in the Morning, they
faw many Flowers, a Sign of Land ; and, in the
Evening, had Ground from twenty-eight to fix-
teen Fathom, oozy, but no Sight of Shore.
Having fent out the Skiff, to ride at a fmall
Diftance from the Ship, in order to examine the
Set of the Current, by the Log-line, (lie found
it fet South-Eaftby Eaft, two Miles a Watch;
although (he rid Wind -road. They fleered all
this Morning c Eaft, and Eaft by South, and had
from thirty to twenty, and ten Fathom Water,
Ground; and when they found (hoal Water,
upon bearing up Northerly, they inftantly deep¬
ened ; a Sign that they borrowed upon the Shoals
of St. Anna , alias, Madeira Bomba. The Au-|^"’‘ °f St*
thor allows, fince Yefterday at Noon, fourteen *
Leagues Eaft, and five Leagues Weft ; Wind at
South and South by Weft, and South by Eaft.
In the Afternoon, they had nine, ten, eleven,
and twelve Fathom Water.
The firft Land proved Ilha Verde , being a
very round Land, and notable Mark for thofe
bound for the Place, from the Southward. A-
bout feven in the Evening they anchored in
twenty Fathom VYater, hard Sand, having fleer¬
ed fix Leagues, or more, to the North-Eaft, and
North North-Eaft; the South Part of Ilha Verde
bearing Eaft ; and the Cape ot Sierra Leona,
being a low Point, North by Eaft, about^ eight
Leagues diftant : But the Land over the Cape is
1 very high, and may be feen, in a clear Day, fif¬
teen Leagues off.
About fix, in the Morning d, they made Sail Si;rra Lea-
for the Road ; and had no lefs than (ixteen, fif- na w*
teen, ten, and nine Fathoms, till they were North
and South with, and half a Mile from, the Rock,
(which lieth about one Mile and half oft the Cape,
and one Mile from the neareft Shore.) They had
then feven Fathom very good Shoaling between
them and the Rock : And foon after they had
e pafled it, they had twenty Fathom Water, and
(hoaled to eighteen, fixteen, twelve, and ten Fa¬
thom all the Way in the Road, borrowing very
near the South Shore : For there is a Sand lying
off the North Shore about two Miles, or a League,
from the South Shore, whereon the^Sea breaketh.
They rode in ten Fathom good Ground. The
Point of Sierra Leona bearing Weft Northerly,
the North Point of the Bay North Wefterly, and
the forefaid Breach, or Sand, North North-
f Eaft.
* The Confait, which failed before them, performed the Voyage alone, which follows this,
was Mr. Hakluyt' s Book of Voyages; On this Occafion Purchas obferves that they afe Sr<;a hi ve been
Sir Thomai Smith allured him, this faved the Company twenty thoufand Pounds, which they muft h.
endamaged, in cafe they had returned home t as they Ihould have been conftramed to do, tf that Booh had not
given them Light. - -Books of Voyages are almoft as neceflary to Navigators as Charts , and we p P > Y
jSg bo* together, to make this WoC in Requeft with them. « Thts mutt be the « h of
though the Day be omitted by a Miftake of the Author, or rather his Abridger.
been the fixth of the Month.
V <y l , I. N° XV. S s
Note,
3 1 4 Voyages of the
Note, that the Rock, at coming in, (when a
they were North and South with it) bore with
the South Point, (for Sierra Leona is the North
Point of the South Land, making the Bay, or
River) and Iiba Verde , North by Weft, and
South by Eafh
This Afternoon, perceiving Men, who waved
them afhore, the General fent his Boat ; which,
leaving two Hoftages, brought four Negros, who
promifed Refrefhing.
The Skiff founding between the Dragon and b
aforefaid Breach, found fair Shoaling, and two
Fathom Water, within two Boats Length of it.
Variation. It is obfervable, that all the Obfervations of
the Variation, made fince their coming from
two Degrees of North Latitude to this Place,
proved erroneous : For to each Diffance, having
Reference to anv Meridian Eafterly thereof, there
muft be added thirty Leagues ; and from fuch as
are referred to Meridians Wefterly, the fame
Quantity muff be fubftra&ed : For it appeared, c
by their falling with the Land, that the Ship
was thirty Leagues more Wefterly, than they
fuppofed themfelves ; and the Author was rather
more out in his Reckoning, than any of the reft.
Never thelefs, he would have every Man truft to
his own Experience: For Inftruments, adds he,
may deceive even the moft fkilful.
The feventh, there came aboard, with the
Boat, Negros of better Appearance, leaving one
Englijhman in Hoflage : For two of them having d
made Signs, that the General fliould fend fome
of his Men up into the Country, and that they
would remain as Pledges, he fent Edward Buck -
bury, and his Servant, William Cotterel , with a
Prefent, viz. one coarfe Shirt, three Foot of a
Bar of Iron, a few Glafs Beads, and two Knives.
They returned towards Night, and brought the
General, from the faid Captain a, one fmall Ear¬
ring of Gold, valued at feven, eight, or nine
Shillings Sterling : And becaufe it was late, the e
Hoftages would not go afhore, but lay aboard all
Night, without requiring any Security for them.
.Ccej wattr- The Ship- Boat being fent, fetched five Tons of
F«ice. fj-gfh Water, which is both very good, and eafy
to come bv.
j
The eleventh, the General went a fifhing to¬
ward Shore, where the People brought their
Women to fee them, but were afraid the Englijh
would carry them away. He gave them fome
Trifles, and bought good Store of Lemons, at f
the Rate of two hundred for a penny Knife.
Wind at Eaft.
The twelfth, he went again, but took little
Fifh ; the Wind was from North-Weft to South,
the W eather rainy. Next Day, it rained with¬
out Intermiflion s and they got Fifh enough for
English to the East Indies^
1607.
Keeling.
a Meal. The General bought an Elephant’s
Tooth of fixty-three Pound Weight for five
Yards of blue Callico, and feven or eight Pound
of Iron Bar.
The fourteenth, it rained all Day. The fif-%*
teenth, he went and caught, within one Hour ^'Vglt
and half, fix thoufand Cavallos , a fmall but good ‘ **
Fifh. Afternoon, with Captain Hawkins , and a
convenient Guard, he went afhore to the Vil¬
lage, where* they bought two or three thoufand
Lemons. He reckoned it a fair Day, when they
had three Hours dry over-head.
The fixteenth, he licenfed the weekly Workers
to recreate themfelves with him afhore ; where,
in all their large W alk, they found not above four
or five Acres of Ground fowed with Rice : The
Surface of the Ground is generally an hard Rock.
This was the only Day, hitherto, that they had
fair Weather ; and the next was like it. This
Day the General ordered Lemon- Water to be
made.
The twentieth, 'John Rogers returned, and
brought him a Prefent of a Piece of Gold, in
borm of an half Moon, valued at five, fix, or
feven Shillings Sterling: With an Account, that
the People were peaceable, the chief without
State, the Landing two Leagues up ; and the chief
Village eight Miles from the landing Place.
The twenty -fecond, they went afhore, wher eriemn-jVa
they made fix or feven Barricos full of Lemon-'cr made‘
Water : The General opening the Company’s
Firkin of Knives to buy Limes withal.
The feventh of September , in the Afternoon,
they went all afhore, to fee if they could kill an
Elephant. They fhot feven or eight Bullets into
one, and made him bleed exceedingly, as ap¬
peared by his Track : But being near Night,
they were forced to return aboard, without ef¬
fecting their Defign.
Th e belt Road and watering Place is the fourth Seft
Bay, to the Eaft ward of Sierra Leona Point.
flowed neareft Weft South-Weft, within where
they rode ; and the Water higheft, upon aSpring-
tide, at leaft, twelve Foot. Afternoon, the Wind
came at Weft South-W eft, and they anchored in
ten Fathom Water ; Ilha Verde bearing from them
South-Eaft one half South, and the Point of Sierra
Leona North-Eaft by Eaft half Eafterly, about
three Leagues from them ; where they found the
Flood to fet North-Eaft by North a ftrong Tide.
Although the General often propofed to
obferve the Latitude of the Road, both aboard
and on Shore, yet his Inftrument being out of
Order, he never did : But the Mafter made it,
by his Obfervation, eight Degrees thirty-fix Mi¬
nutes North ; the Point of Sierra Leona bearing
neareft Weft three or four Miles off. He alfo
* There is no Captain mentioned before.
found
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
3*5
1608. found the Variation to be one Degree fifty Mi- a
Keeling- nutes Eafterly.
'«/yv; The fourteenth, in the Morning, they weigh¬
ed, the Wind Eafterly j but about eight it calm¬
ed, and they drove to the North again : After
which, the Ebb fet South- Weft by South. To¬
wards Night, the Flood being come, they an¬
chored in fifteen one eighth Fathom Water; the
Point of Sierra Leona bearing North-Eaft by Eaft,
about feven Leagues off. They had not lefs then
ten Fathom Water all Day : And on the fixteenth, b
they found a Current fetting North by Weft.
Saldanna The feventeenth of December , about two in
Pa3' the Afternoon, they faw the Table at Saldania
very plain ; and ftanding in to make it, till three,
the General caufed theMafter to fteer Eaft South-
Eaft, and South-Eaft by Eaft, to double the Cape :
At what Time the whole Company, both fick
and found, defiring to put into Salclania , they
. flood for it ; and about Noon got into die Road,
anchoring in five and half Fathom Water : The c
Weft-Point bearing Weft North-Weft, thelfland
North North-Weft, and the Sugar-loaf South-
Situation rf Weft. The Weftermoft Cape-land, and Pcn-
c givin Ifland bear South by Weft, hfc. There is
a Breach [or Sand] South of the Ifland, about a
Mile diftant ; and another half a League off' to
the South-Eaft. Between the Ifland and Shore
are fever. Miles diftance. The Sugar-loaf and
the Ifle bear South by Eaft, and North by Weft.
From the Weft- Point of the Bay, half a Mile (
off is a Flat. The Weftermoft South-land, and
Point of the Sugar-loaf, beareth South South-
Weft, and North North-Eaft.
As foon as they anchored, the General went
afhore, finding the People very bold, but dear.
There he met with thefe Words engraven upon
a Rock, viz. The twenty-fourth of July, 1607,
Captain David Middleton in the Conlent.
The twenty-firft, he landed again, and bought
an hundred and two Sheep, twelve Bullocks, and (
two Calves ; whereof he allowed the Hettor a
Share. This Traffic continued feveral Days, in
which Time they bought much Cattle*
SECT. II.
*The Dragon Jhips Water. Error in Reckoning oc-
cajioned by the Currents ; to be allowed for in
reckoning. Farther Proofs. Two fmall Ifands.
Inlet defcried. St. Auguftine’j Bay. Captain
Hawkins lands. Meets with People. Gomd Cat¬
tle. Silk Spiders. Leave the Bay. Dangerous
Paffage. Currents embarajfing. Their Courfe
examined.
>agnn/^j f ■ ^ H E firft of January , 1607-8, at Sun-rife,
A they fet fail, and by fix, in the Evening,
were ten Leagues Weft by South from the South
Point of the Bay. The nineteenth, the Dragon
fhipped much Water at the Helm-Port, and at 1608.
the Hole abaft in the Gallery, about two after Keeling.
Midnight ; which wet feme Bales of Cloth. La- L/'"Y"N<J
titude thirty-five Degrees twenty-two Minutes,
the Author allows thirteen Leagues South South-
Eaft, Wind Eaft North-Eaft, and North-Eaft :
Six Leagues drift South ; and three LeaguesNorth-
Eaft, Wind all Wefterly. The too great Quan¬
tity of Kintledge Goods, made the Ship labour
exceedingly ; which Inconvenience, the India
1 Company was advifed to remedy for the future.
The twentieth, the General aired and dried Error fytbe
the Cloth ; oiled the Company’s Pieces and Blades ; urnml°
ftrengthencd their Cafes of Calicos, &c. He al¬
lowed thirty Leagues North-Eaft as they fleered.
Wind at South-Weft and South. This After¬
noon, to the great Surprife of all, being in the
Latitude of thirty-four Degrees, they faw the
Land to the North North-Weft, about twelve
Leagues off. The General would have admired
: as much as the reft, but for the frequent Expe¬
rience he had of the Wefterly Current in his laft
Voyage, having been an hundred Leagues more
Eafterly than the then Sight of Land would ad¬
mit of : Yet he was lefs out in his Reckoning
than any elfe in the Ship, on account of his be¬
ing aware of the Currents.
The twentv-fecond. Latitude thirty-four De- ° Inruhr.*
grees four Minutes, the Author allowed thirty-,^,
three Leagues Eaft by North, Northerly, Wind
1 South and South South-Weft. But by this Reckon¬
ing, the Ship fhould have been in thirty-three De¬
grees twelve Minutes, and they found her fifty
more South, caufed by the Current : Whereby it
is evident, that fuch as depend upon their dead
Reckoning and Judgment, without Refpedl had
to the Currents, muft needs make intolerable
Errors. The Author brings the Ship to her La¬
titude upon a South Line, in her Diftance Eafterly.
He acknowledges, that according to Reafen,
» the Current muft be of greateft Power here¬
abouts, the Land falling away fuddenly North-
Eaft, and South-Weft, and they opening the
Gut: And prefumed, that as they advanced more
Eafterly, paft the Middle of the Gut, they fhould
find the Current’s Force diminifhed.
The twenty-fifth, Latitude thirty-four De- Ff‘hP
grees fifty-one Minutes, ones Judgment allow- ,e~'
eth for three half Watches, nine Leagues North-
Eaft by Eaft, Wind South-Weft : And for two
f Watches, five Leagues South, Wind all Eafter¬
ly, and Eaft North-Eaft: Yet it was worth re¬
marking, how continually they were carried to
the South, contrary to reafenable Eftimation.
The twenty-fixth. Latitude thirty-five Degrees
twenty- eight Minutes, the Author having allow¬
ed thirteen Leagues South South-Eaft, Wind at
Eaft North-Eaft, concluded, that the Current
had not fuch Power as before ; unlefs they fhould
Ss 2 ^
3 1 6 Voyages 5/ Engi
i 608. be carried by the Stream, as much Wcfterly of
Keeling, the South, as he allowed her Eafterly thereof,
which would raife or deprefs the Pole in the fame
Proportion : But herein (he fays) the Variation
(being well obferved) will refolve them.
The feventeenth of February , they faw the
Land bearing Eaft, about eight Leagues from
them ; and, as the Author judged, in the Lati¬
tude of twenty-four Degrees twenty Minutes.
They flood in till after fix o’Clock ; at what
'Time, being within four Leagues of the Shore,
they flatted, the HeBor being too near a-ftern
for them to ftay. Where they tacked, they had
no Ground at eighty or ninety Fathoms, which
was no great Wonder } for it was low, fmooth
Land.
About Noon, they were thwart of two
fmall Iflands, feeming to make a good Road :
Wherefore, not knowing their Latitude, they
flood off till they could obferve, it being nigh
Noon. Note , they could have no Ground at fix-
ty Fathoms within two Miles of the Shore.
The eighteenth. Latitude twenty-three De¬
grees thirty-feven Minutes : Wherefore they flood
in again, fuppofing this to be the Place they
fought : But coming near the Shore, and having
fent both Skiffs a-head, they found but fix Fa¬
thom Water; for which Reafon they anchored
in feven and half, fandy Ground, about one in
the Afternoon ; the two Iflands and Breach bear¬
ing South Weflerly a Mile from them. (
M Inlet There was an Inlet about three Leagues
dejcncd. from them Eaft Northerly, which the Mafter
fuppofed to be St. Augujiine ; and intending to
fearch the fame, the General called a Council,
where it was refolved to make fome fmall Stay
at St. Augujiine. Variation in this Place was fif¬
teen Degrees thirty Minutes : And by another
Obfervation, the fame Morning, fifteen Degrees
twenty-fix Minutes. He was obliged to obferve
over the Land half a Degree high, otherwife the t
Variation would have refulted fomewhat more:
On thefe two Obfervations he had great De¬
pendence. It flowed Eaft.
The nineteenth, in the Morning, they weigh¬
ed ; and one of their Anchors, being faulty,
broke.
St Aueuf- They fleered for the above-mentioned feem-
Bay. Jng Harbour, or Bay ; and found, in their Way,
from ten and twelve, to twenty Fathom. Com¬
ing near the Point, in the Height of the Bay, f
they had no Ground at an hundred Fathoms, till
they were advanced far into the Bay; when their
Skiffs, which were before them, found Bottom,
After this, they had from thirty to eight Fathom ;
and farther in, deep Water. They dropped one
s h to the East Indies.
Anchor in eighteen Fathom, and laid another in 1 6o€
forty : For the South-Shore was the deepeft Wa- Keeling
ter ; the other being made Shallow by the coming'— -v~*
down of the Rivers.
The twentieth, they had feventy Fathom
Water at the Ship, the Bottom ooze. The Land
bore Weft by South, and North ; and to the
North lay certain Shoals, with a Breach [or Sand¬
bank] to the North-W eft : So that they were but
fivePoints of the Compafs open to the Winds ; but
the Road is very pitty Ground, and deep Water :
Befides, there runs a ftrong Stream down the
River continually. Captain Hawkins coming a- Captain
board the Dragon , the General being indifpofed Hawk«»
himfelf, fent him afhore, accompanied with bothW<'
the Skiffs, wrell armed. Towards Night, he re¬
turned aboard, without having feen any Peo¬
ple : But the frefh Track of them was vifible in
feveral Places. He left fome Beads and Trifles,
in a Boat which they found, to allure the Natives,
c According to his Account, there is little Likeli¬
hood of j-efrefhing here : But the General’s
Fifhers, from the other Side [of the Bay] told
him, they met with a great many Bones of Beafts,
and fome with Flefh on them. George Evans, of
the Heftor , was bitten grievoufly by an Ale-
gator.
The General ordered Water to be taken-in
without Delay ; and, in the mean Time, pro-
pofed to feek Provifions. It flows here neareft
1 Eaft ; and higheft much Water.
The twenty-firft, having efpied four Natives, Meet, wifr
the General fent to prefent them Beads, fsV. Peotle>
whereupon they promifed, by Signs, to bring
Store of Cattle next Day.
The twenty- fecond, the General, perceiving
feveral of the Inhabitants, went afhore, and
found a fubtil People : Their Bodies were ftrong,
and well proportioned ; their Privities only care-
lefly covered, with Cloth made of the Rinds of
: Trees. He bought one Calf, one Sheep, and one
Lamb : But they would part with nothing but
for Silver. In the Afternoon, he rowed up the
River, as well to look for the beft watering Place,
as otherwife ; and found the Water very (hallow
and brackifh.
The twenty-fourth, he went afhore again,
feeing one Man there, and bought three Kine,
two Steers, and four Calves ; which coft nine¬
teen Shillings, befides a few Beads.
The Cattle are far better Flefh than thofe of Gotd Cattle,
Sahlania ; with Bunches on their Shoulders, like
thofe of the Camel, excepting that they ftand
more forward. Thefe People are circumcifed,
as fome affirmed to have feen. Here (fays the
Author) we found the beautiful Beaft a.
1 This feems to refer to fome Creature, which was then in the Ship ; and perhaps afterwards brought to
England. Mr. Finch fays, it is as big as a Monkey, Afh-coloured, with a fmall Head, long Tail like a Fox,
garled with white and black, the Furr very fine. See Purchase vol. i. />. 417.
2
Water
i6o8.
Keeling.
tavt tit
Voyages of the Englis
Water by the Ship’s Side, at Flood, very a
frefh ; and when the Tide was out, very fait,
contrary to Senfe. Alfo, frefh Water, at Flood,
on one Side of the Ship, and very fait on the
other ; the Ship Tide-road.
The twenty-fifth, a Squall arifing at North-
Weft, their Ship drove, and the Cable breaking,
they loft the Anchor. They bought a Calf, a
Sheep, and one great tailed Lamb, for two Shil-
L spiders. lings three-pence. The General found certain
Spiders, whofe Webb was perfe&ly good, and b
ftrong as Silk.
Note, that all along the low Land, from
Eaft to Weft, there lies a Ledge of Rocks, half
a Mile from Shore, whereon the Sea breaks con¬
tinually ; between which, and the Shore, are two
Fathom Water. The Place is good for landing
and cafting the Net, being exceeding full of
Fifh.
The twenty-eighth, in the Morning betimes,
they departed. There lies a Breach four Miles c
from the North-Point of the Bay, South South-
Eaft. Note , that the Ridge of Land, like a Roof
or Barn, is about five Miles to the Northward of
the Midft of the Bay. The Author conceives
this Bay of St. Augiijline to be unfit for refrefh-
ing Ships, becaufe not to be had in any great
Quantity. The Place alfo is very inconvenient
for riding, the Water being deep, and the Ground
pitty and foul j as appears by their Cable cut¬
ting. d
The twelfth of March , Latitude fifteen De¬
grees fifty Minutes, they founded feveral Times
in the Afternoon, and had no Ground at ninety
Fathom j and before eight, they had Ground at
twenty, twenty-eight, feventeen, and fixteen Fa¬
thom, all within half a Cable’s Length. Then
they inftantly tacked off, and had nineteen and
twenty-four ; and the third Caft, no Bottom at
forty Fathom. The Ground was fmall fhingle
Stones, like Beans ; and the Ship about five or fix e
Miles from Shore, (a dangerous Place to fall with
in a dark Night.) This Afternoon, having had
a frefh Gale at Eaft by North, they got fome-
what to the North.
The thirteenth. Latitude fifteen Degrees for¬
ty-five Minutes : It having been calm from Mid¬
night, till eleven this Forenoon, they loft of what
they got the Day before, and were driven South,
as appeared by the Land. They were, at Noon,
within three Leagues of Shore. f
The fourteenth. Latitude fifteen Degrees for¬
ty-two Minutes. So that they were advanced
sngerm
h to the East Indies.
North three Leagues ; and Judgment would have
allowed at leaft fifteen Leagues North North-
Eaft. So that the Author concluded the Current'
ran fwift, and fet more South than South- Weft :
For this Morning, though it was hazy, they were
not far from Shore, having had Sight of Land
all along ; whereas then, although it was much
cleared, they could hardly fee it.
The fifteenth, Latitude fifteen Degrees forty
Minutes. The Author could allow no lefs Way,
by Eftimation, than twenty Leagues North by
Eaft ; yet, bv Obfervation, they were gone to
the South. The Wind at South to South-Weft,
a fair Gale.
They could not fee the Land, yet were but 'll* Cumntr
ten Leagues from it. The Author knew not what<m^'T‘#,£*
Courfe to take to get out of this Current: For
if he put off, and the Current fhoald hold, the
Ships might be in Danger from thelfland of John
de Nova a; and by keeping the Shore, great
Hazards might accrue : Befides, where fuch a
Gale ftems not the Stream, it is Indifcretion to
continue.
The feventeenth, Latitude fourteen Degrees Their Coup
fifty-feven Minutes: So that they had gotten txamined'
twenty-five Leagues North. Judgment would al¬
low twelve Leagues North North-Eaft Norther¬
ly, and they had run nine by Obfervation :
Which {hews, that the main Power of the Cur¬
rent was leilened. The Mafter was of Opinion,
that the Moon’s Seafons have peculiar Domina¬
tion over thefe Currents, caufing their Force,
till three or four Days after the Full : But the
Author rather thinks, that the deep Bay between
Cape Corientes and Mozambik caufeth an In¬
draught, or Eddy of fome Stream, coming ei¬
ther from the North-Eaft, or more Eafterly in at
the North-Eaft Part of St. Laurence , [or Mada-
ga/kar] and fo running along the Coaft, to Cape
Corientes ; or elfe the Stream, which is affirmed
to fet from St. Laurence , North- Weft, meeting
with the Shore of Mozambik , may, by the faid
Falling away of the Land, be drawn that Way.
If this be the Fa£f, then they committed an Er¬
ror, in failing with the Land before they had got¬
ten farther North than Mozambik Point ; which
ftretches far into the Sea, and from whence the
Coaft Northward trendeth North and South, and
the Shore Southward runs South-Weft by [Weft,]
&c. For if they had not fallen too much Welter*
ly, and brought the faid Cape too nigh our Me¬
ridian, they would not have felt this Stream at
all.
a In this Manner we underftand the crude Words of Purchas, it may indanger us of Jn. ds Noua. This
Journal is very obfcure, as well as faultily printed, in many other Places. The Iiland of John de Nova, or ra¬
ther Juan de Nueva , lies in the Narrowing between Madagajkar , and the Coaft of Africa, towards Mozambik.
It had its Name from the General of the third Portuguese Fleet, which failed to the Eaji Indies, See before,
49 *•
SECT.
3 1 B Vovages «/ //jrENCLis h to the East Indies.
i6o&.
S E C T. III.
Informations at Dclifha. Huge Pieces of Amber -
greafc. Boiferous Monfon. Aloes Bow made.
Account of the Mon Tons. Komoro Ijlands.
Ports in Arabia. Delifha Road. Ifles near
Priaman. Hummocks of Teku. Arrive ^7/ Pri¬
am an. Bargain for Pepper . Quantity there¬
about. Leave that Port. The Charts defective.
Salt If and , Situation. Bantam Road. Siam ;
Ambajfador vifts the General.
Amhergreafe, ^ H E Moors of this Plac e [Dclifha a] affirm,
huge Pieces, j[_ that in fome Years, upon the Coarts of
Mombafa , Magudoxo , Pata , Brava , See. Pieces of
Ambergreafe are found, weighing twenty Kintals,
of fucli Bulk, that many Men may hide behind
one of them. They make yearly Voyages from
hence, to the Ifles of Komora , to buy Slaves ; and
report the People to be very treacherous : Having
at different Times, killed fifty Perfons by Sur- <
prize ; and therefore they trade aboard. They
laid, there were eight Hollanders upon Pemba ,
who had been there three or four' Years; where¬
of two turned Moors b.
'Boijicrout They reckon this Monfon of South Winds, to
.Movfon, begin yearly, the firft of May\ and the Extremi¬
ty thereof, to continue one hundred Days. The
*moft boifterous Weather (which they report to be
wonderful) is in June and July : For on the tenth
of Auguf , it begins to be lefs windy; and foon d
after the North Winds come, attended with much
Rain, for three or four Months more : At what
Time moft Aloes is made, which is only the Juice
A’vs, hw 0f Semper Vivens , put into a Goat’s Skin, and .fo
dried.
The twenty- third [of May , 1608] the Gene¬
ral fent afhore to weigh Aloes, and received a-
board one thoufand two hundred and fifty Pounds,
which loft for the Company’s Account, two hun¬
dred and fifty Dollars : He bought in all one e
thoufand eight hundred and thirty-three Pounds
nett. The Chief fending to borrow five hundred
Ryals of Eight, he refufed to lend ; but prefent-
ed him with two Yards of Kerfey, Gallant Co¬
lour, and a Knife. He had, at another Time,
1 five hundred and feventy-five Pound more of A- 1608
loes ; which coft one hundred and fifteen Dollars. Keeling
The twenty-fourth, he learned, that the Weftv— -v'- 1
Winds, this Year, began the laft of April, and do
each Year, come eleven Days later than the Year ‘
before ; fo that in thirty-three Years, they begin
again on the fameDay of the fame Month: Which
(faith the Author) I conceive not to be Truth c.
That the Eaftern Monfon will arrive this Year
the thirteenth of Ofiober, and continue violent
> till Aprily and then the Weather hold fair while
May ; when the Weftern Monfon returns : Nei¬
ther have they any more than two Monfons in the
Year. That their Year, called Neyrsofe, begins
d with the firft of the Eaft Monfon: That as the
W eft Monfon bloweth here all South, fo doth the
Eaft Monfon all North : That after the twenty-
fiftlvof September , Ships cannot fail from theifo/-
Sea Eaft ward.
That Chaul, Dabul, and Danda Rajipuri e, Porn tf
are good and fafe Ports, and rich trading Towns, Ildia*
upon the Coaft of India.
That at Saada, I/buki, Auzoane, Mutu f,^’™ro
four of the Ifles of Komora , there is abundance of a *'
Rice, and the People are good: But that Jughe-
ziji g, and Malale, (two more of the fame
Iflands) produce very little Rice, and treacherous
People. They faid farther, that at the firft of
them, fixteen Years ago, an Englijh Ship loft
many Men ; which mult have been Sir James
Lancafer h.
That this Day, (the twenty- ftxth of May)
was the two hundred and twenty-fourth of their
Account of Neyroofe i: That there is no Rain
on the Coaft of Arabia , till the feventeenth Day
of this Monfon: That the three hundred and fifth
of Neyroofe, was the beft Time to go from thence
for Surat ; and that in ten or twelve Days they
got thither.
That Burrom , Makella , and Cayxem fc, are Port, in
good Harbours for both Monfons on the Coaft of Arabia<
Arabia ; but no Places of Merchandizing.
That Xael, or Xaer ', hath no Harbour nor
Road for any Time, but would vent Iron and
Lead, a Turk being Aga: And that they fend by
Land for fuch Commodities to Cayxem , a Day’s
3 Their failing along the Iflands, and Truck at Tamara, with other Occurrences, I have left out, (fays Purcbas)
as being more fully known by later Experience. Leaving Abba del Curia, they were forced to ride in Delifa, a Road
on the North of Socotora, till the Monfon freed them : At which Time, Captain Keeling fet Sail for Bantam ; and
Captain Hawkins, in the Heitor, for Surat, as fhall after follow. Purcbas. b That is Mohammedans. c This
mult be the Cafe where they reckon by Lunar Months, as the Mohammedans every where do ; though they will
return regularly to the Day, in the Solar Year. d It fhould be, that their Neuruz, or firft Day of the Year,
begins, C fc. for Neuruz, in Perf an, fignifies New Year’s Day. e InPurchas, Rugee Puree. f In Pur -
(has, llbookee , and Mootoo. Auzoane, is by others, written Anzoan, and Anjuan. g Jughezeegee, in Pur-
(has . h See before, /. 237. b. 1 That is, it was the two hundred and twenty-fourth Day of their
Year, or from the Neuruz. * Kayfhem, or Kafbin ; by others, Kajfeen , or Kafstn ; the Arabs call it Kujhem.
1 This is according, to the Portugueze Orthography j the Englijh will be Sbael, o xSbaeri but the true Name is
Shahr, or Shohr. Some call it Seer.
Journey
■ i6o8.
Keeling.
'.cad.
three Ijlet
■ar Pria-
ua.
fommekt
7eku,
Voyages of the Englis
Journey to the Weftward : But there is no going a
thither at this Time: That in both Monfons ,
there is a continual extreme Sea-gate upon the
Coaft of Arabia ; und the Current goes along
with the Wind : That there is no Riding at the
Entrance of Surat , to have any Shelter from the
Weft Shore, again!! the Weft Monjons ; by reafon
of bad Anchor-Ground, and chiefly the extreme
Violence of Tides, which overfct Ships that are
not aground.
This Road of Delifa , is a very good Place b
to ride in fecure, againft the Weft Monfon : But
what is ftrange, two Miles either to the Eaft or
Weft from thence, it continually blows fo hard,
that no Ship can abide it. Neither could the Au¬
thor aflign any Reafon for it, except the Diftance
betwixt the Ships and the high Mountains might
caufe it : For there was much Low-land betwixt
them and the Shore.
JUNE the twenty-fourth, they departed.
The twenty-third of July , they faw an ifland ; c
and about Noon, two more : They left two to
the North, and one to the South, which is the
biggeft, and in the Latitude of four Degrees two
Minutes, below the Line a. The North [Part]
of thefe Ifles is great, and High-land, full of
Trees. Midway, between the two Southermoft of
the three, (which are ten Leagues diftant North
and South b) there is a Breach, [or Sand Bank]
lying from the Eaft End of the raoft Northern
(or Middlemoft) South-Eaft half Channel over : d
To avoid this, they fleered within two Leagues
of the Middlemoft Ifland, by a very good Paflage,
having the Breach about three Leagues to the
South. It lies very dangerous for thofe who have
no Knowledge thereof, to pafs by Night. There
feemed to be a Paflage alfo between the two
Northermoft c ; but it is fcarce a League wide,
i f The twenty-flxth, they were half Way be¬
tween Priaman and Teku , about three Leagues
from the Shore ; where the Author obferved, that e
the two Hummocks of Teku, with the High- land
over them, bare North and by Weft, and South
by Eaft half a Point Eafterly. There lies a Shoal
a’ifo four Miles from from the Coaft, bearing
South and North with the faid High-land. Stand¬
ing North-Eaft by Eaft from the Road of Pria¬
man ', they had forty- five Fathom Water, two
Leagues and a half from Shore : There is an
Ifland about four Leagues from the faid Road,
North-Eaft, and South-Weft. The three Iflandsof f
Priaman , lie South South- Eaft, and North North-
Weft, being diftant each from other about a
Mile.
h to the East Indies.
Afternoon, they got into Priaman Road,
and faluted the Town with five Pieces of Ord¬
nance. The Governor fent a Goat to the Gene¬
ral; who returned it with aPrefent of three Yards
of Stammel Cloth, one Piece of blue Calico, a
[Mufket] Barrel, and two Sword Blades : He
like wife bellowed on the Meffenger, (who fpoke
good Portuguese ) a Piece of blue Calico. There
came another of Acben , with whom he had a
long Converfation in Arabic ; and from his Re¬
port, conceived great Hopes of a beneficial Trade.
The twenty-ninth, the General went afhore
betimes, (hooting off feven Pieces of Ordnance:
He went immediately to the Governor’s Houfe,
who prefented him with a Buffalo; and appoint¬
ed him to fettle the Price of Pepper with fundry
chief Men. Thefe Commiflioners were about
fixty in Number, and he had a good many Words
with them about weighing the Pepper; he deft-
ring, that it might be done upon the Ifland;
and they infilling, that it fhould be weighed in the
Town.
They demanded fifty Dollars the Bahar,
which much difpleafed him : For the Acben Man
had advifed, to offer but fixteen : But this was
his Craft; for being a Merchant, his Aim was to
have engroffed much Pepper, before the General
fhould have bought any, and then would have
made him pay his own Price for it. After much
Debate, the Rate was agreed at twenty-two Dol¬
lars and a half the Bahar, befides fix per Cent ,‘
Cuftom. He likewife at length ccnfented to pay
two other Cufloms, or rather Exa&ions, the one
of one hundred and fixty Dollars, the other, not
much lefs : And Writings were drawn between
him and them.
The Night before, a Man who fpoke Portu¬
guese , lay aboard the Dragon ; and in behalf of
the late Governor’s Wife, (by him intitled gkueen)
defired the General’s Aid in taking the Town,
offering him one half thereof. But being ac¬
quainted with the Finefle of Moors , and the
Thing not agreeable to his Commiflion, he refu-
fed to intermeddle ; and this Morning fent him
afhore. He fold Cloth to Nakhada d, for a hun¬
dred and fifty-nine Mafies of Gold.
The Town and Lands of Priaman, yield not,
yearly, above five hundred Bahars of Pepper : But
adding the Produce of the neighbouring Diftridts,
as Pa [fa man , Teku, Berus c, and the Mountains
over the Town, the Whole will amount to two
thoufand five hundred Bahars: Which Quantity
will lade two Ships ; and may be bought at a
very reafonable Price, if a Factory has Means to
3 x9
1608.
Keeling.
Arrive at
Piiantf a.
Bargain faf
Pepper.
Quart:!?'
there thou* >
a Thefe Iflands lay from North to South. b The Weft Part of the Northern, and Eaft of the Southern,
lie in that Dire&ion. c That is, between the Northern and Middlemoft. d The Name of the Perfon
is wanting here : For Nakhada, or Nakhadab, (the dh being pronounced as th itf tbs, tbvn, Sec.) ftgnifies the
Patron, or Commander of a Ship. * Berrofe,
Leave Pria<
roan.
’Jbe Chart I
de/ebiive.
Salt IJlatid
Situation,
V OYAGES of the Englis
buy all the Year: But their Harveft is only in a
Augujl and September ; and the Grain is fetched
away by the Ships of Achen and Java only ; the
Guzerats not being permitted to trade there, by
the King of Achen’s exprefs Command : So that a
Veflel which touches at Surat, and having bought
a Parcel of blue Calicos, white Calicos, blue
ftriped and chequered Stuffs, and fome fmall and
fine Pintatoes, fhall leave a Fadlory, may lay the
beft Foundation for Profit, one Year againft the
next. For the Author cannot fee how Ships can b
call at Kambaya , and come to Priaman time
enough, in one Year : Befides, the King of Achen’s
Letter mud be procured, for their fafer Proceed¬
ing in thefe Parts.
The eighteenth of September , in the Morning,
they departed ; and next Day at Noon, were ten
Leagues Weft North- Weft from the Point, to
the South of Priaman , having fleered to the Eaft-
ward of Ilha de Trijleza. The twentieth, before
Day, they fawan lfland a-head, and fleered Eaft c
South-Eaft, to get clear of it : They went to the
Eaftward of it four Leagues ; the lfland of Su¬
matra being feven Leagues from them. The
twenty-firft, twenty-fix Leagues being allowed,
South-Eaft by South, they were within fix or
feven Leagues of Sumatra ; and Weft from them,
about four Leagues, was another great lfland :
So that one muft fail with Caution upon this
Coaft ; for there are no fuen Ifles marked in the
Charts. Latitude three Degrees twenty Minutes, d
eighteen Leagues allowed, South South-Eaft, the
Wind Northerly. Being nine or ten Leagues
from Sumatra , they faw another fmall lfland to
Seaward of them, three or four Leagues off.
The firft of Obiober, Latitude live Degrees
thirty Minues, failing along the Land, twelve
Leagues diftant, the Author found the Ship went
fafter to the South, than by his Reckoning.
The fecond, in the Morning, they faw Land, e
which they took for the Salt lfland ; but it prov¬
ed a round Hummock upon Sumatra. They made
almoft no Way ; yet at Noon, were in five De¬
grees fifty-five Minutes South. The third, they
had Sight of the Salt Ifle, bearing North-Eaft by
North, four or five Leagues diftant. It lies in
the Latitude of fix Degrees fix Minutes. When
they faw it, they were within four Leagues, or
lefs, of the South Land ; which bare from them
Eaft South-Eaft. The Wind all Night, frefh at f
Weftand North-Weft. The South- Land confxfhs
of four Ifles; the Weftern Part of which lies
with the Salt lfland, (or roundeft and higheft
lfland in the Mouth of the Streights [of Sunda] )
South- Weft by South, &c. The neareft of the
South Blands, being the Weftermoft, is fix Leagues
h to the East Indies.
diftant from the Salt lfland. The Salt lfland, 1608.
lieth half Seas over; and the Diftance betwixt Keeling
Sumatray and this Southerlandy is twelve or four-
teen.
The Salt lfland lies, with the Point including In ucpt^t
the whole Bay, (wherein is Bantam Road) Eaft tbcCwih, J
North-Eaft, and Weft South-Weft; alfo with
the higheft South Land of Sumatray (being a
round Hummock) and with the North-Weft
Point of Java, to the Eaftward of the four
Iflands, (before called the South-Land) it bare Eaft
South-Eaft, and Weft South- Weft. The Hum¬
mock of Sumatra , and Point of Java , being
about twenty Leagues diftant. This Evening,
they had the Salt lfland four Leagues North from
them.
The fourth, in the Morning, they were with¬
in five or fix Leagues of the Point, (including
Bantam whole Bay) Eaft North-Eaft from them.
There were, before they came to the faid Point, two
Rocks full of Trees, bearing North and South
four Miles diftant, between which two they fleer¬
ed. The Southermoft lies very near Java , and
the Northermoft half Way and more, between
the Point of Bantam and another low ragged
lfland, which (with other two to the Northward
of it) bear with the Northermoft Rock, Weft
South-Weft, and Eaft South-Eaft ; between which
Iflands, they did not know of any Paflage. Note,
that the ragged lfland maketh the Streight, and
they came to the South thereof.
They got into the Road of Bantam , where RoaJ
they found fix Holland Ships; two were almoft Bantam,
laden with Cloves, and two more wTere to be laden
with Pepper.
The General found thirteen Englijh alive,
whereof four were Merchants ; and received a
Letter from Captain David Middleton. The fixth,
he paid Untie and Tegin, the two Chinefe , their
Wages, and releafed them.
T he twentieth, he called his Merchants, and
having formerly refolved to return with the Dra¬
gon for England , upon fpecial Confiderations, he
now confulted about employing the Pinnace not
yet finifhed ; and it was refolved to fend her with
Brown and Sidall, for Banda : That John Herne,
John Saris , and Richard Savage , fhould remain
at Bantam : And that fo foon as the Pinnace
fhould return from Banda, John Saris fhould go
in her to Sequedana , in Borneo.
The fifteenth of November , he fent for Jaques
Lermite, and difeovered to them a a Defign of
the Javans , to cut their Throats, whereof he
had received very particular Information.
The twenty- fecond, the AmbafTador of Siam, $ ‘umAtrh
came to vifit the General, and dined with him . [ador'i
- That is, to the Dutch ; V Er mite having been the Commander of their Ships then in the Road. There is a
?;ece of his inferred in De Dries Latin Collettion of Voyages .
He
i6oS.
Keeling.
h/x;
Ly have
; tam.
’.turn
■ain.
rave Ban-
m again.
Voyages of the Engl
He affirmed, that one might fell a thoufand Pieces a
of red Cloth, in his Country, in two Days, and
great Quantities yearly : For they cloatn their
Elephants and Hoifes with it : That Gold is
there plenty, and good, being worth three Times
the Weight in Silver ; that there are Precious
Stones in abundance, and cheap ; and that his
Mafter would account it a great Happinefs to have
Commerce with fo great a King as his Majefty
of England', with whom, as he underftood, the
King of Holland was not to be compared. b
The twenty-eighth, the General took Leave
of the King, the Governor, the Admiral, the
old Shah Bandar , Jura Bajfa , Tanyong , and of
the Hollanders , defigning toltay no longer afnore.
The fecond of December , at Night, the Mer¬
chants came aboard, bringing a Letter from the
King of Bantam , to King James , and two Pi-
cols of Kanton , as a Prefent to him. The twelfth,
they efpied a Sail, before they got out of the
Streights, which proved to be the Heftor : Her Cap- c
tain ibid behind at Surat. By her they underftood,
that the Portuguese had taken eighteen Englijh ;
among whom were feveral of the Faftors, and
Goods to i he Value of nine thoufand Dollars.
The fourteenth, they got into Bantam Road
aoain, being forced to a longer Voyage, or Lofs
of Reputation. The fixteenth, there came a
fmall Flemming , from Amjlerdam , with News of
Peace, between Spain , France , and the Nether¬
lands ; and that the End of his coming was, to d
order the Dutch to defift from their Defign againft
Malakka. The General appointed Meffieurs Mo-
lineux and Pockham, to return for England, and
took the reft with him for the Malukkos. The
feventeenth, he removed into the Heftor, and the
Mafters exchanged Ships. The twenty-firft, he
difpatched Mr. Tovurfon a, prefling his Departure
with all Speed. The twenty-third, the Dragon
fet Sail from Bantam.
e
SECT. IV.
They leave Bantam. Come to Jakkatra. Los tres
Hermanos. Ijlands Madura ; Noflaferes ; Ce¬
lebes. Nautical Remarks. Ijlands Defolam ;
Kambina; Button; Burro; Bloy ; W Amboy -
na b. Banda Road. The General lands. He goes
to Lantor. Begins to bargain for Spice. Comes
to an Agreement. Faflory at Pulo Way.
Spice from thence. ^
THE firft of January , 1608-9, about one
in the Morning, they weighed ; and with
a Gale off the Shore, got about the Eaft-Point,
Eaft North-Eaft, from whence they rode three
Leagues.
i s h to the E A s t Indies.
321
Thence to another Point, South-Eaft by 1609*
Eaft, three Leagues : Between the two Points li- Kreii s-
eth a Shoal, having little Water for a great
Length ; to avoid which it is beft to fteer half
Way between Java , and the Ifles of Tonda , which
are five Leagues diftant. To the Eaftwa’d of
the fecond Point, lies the Ifle of Tanara , fo clofe
to *he Shore, that it is not diftinguifhable at a
Diftance. From the fecond to the third Point,
bearing Eaft South-Eaft, theie are four Leagues ;
and a Mile and a half off that Point, North by
Weft, lieth the Ifle Lakkte ; betwixt which and
the Point, there is by Report, but one Fathom
and three quarters of Water. They rode all Night
in fix Fathom, having the Ifle a League oft to
the Eaft.
The fourth, they weighed, and fleered within
half a League of Lakkee, having feven or eight
Fathom Water. The Ifland Lakkee , with the
Weft Point including Jakkatra, bears Eaft South-
Eaft four Leagues diftant. There is a dangerous
Sand off the Weft Point of Jakkatra ; fo that it
is beft to borrow of the [faid] Ifland, which lies
oppofite to that Point.
The eighth, the General went and anchored Cmt to Jak-
far out before Jakkatra , the King having fent his katra*
Shah Bandar to deflre Powder and Ma ch, he pre-
fented him thirty Pounds of the former, and a
Roll of the latter. He bought of them for forty-
five Dollars, a Portuguese Boy, (given to the
King by the Hollanders ) who would by no Means
forfake Chrif ianity. The Points, as they rode,
bare North-Weft, and Eaft by North, four
Leagues diftant : The Town, and higheft of the
Eaftermoft Hills, South by Eaft ; and the Weft
Hill, South by Weft. Since they left Bantam ,
they faw thirty or forty Iflands.
The tenth, in the Afternoon, they departed.
About two Leagues Weft by North, from the
Eaft Point of Jakkatra , there is a funken Ifland,
even with the Water. They left it on their Lar¬
board, pafling between it and the Eaftern Ifland.
The two Points forming Jakkatra Bay, bear Eaft
South-Eaft, and Weft North- Weft, four Leagues
diftant. Next Day, at Noon, they were ten
Leagues North-Eaft, from the Eaft Point of Jak-
katra.
The twelfth, having failed thirty Leagues Eaft Los tres
by South, they were, at Noon, two Leagues Htrmanos‘
South-Weft by South from an Ifland : South and
North with which there is a Shoal, three Leagues
from Java, called Los tres Hermanos , [or the
three Brothers :] The Ifle lieth ten Leagues from
Java-, but not fo far Eafterly, as is proje&ed [in
the Charts,] and bears with the higheft Hill they
fee upon Java, North by WFft. There is a
* Mr. Femur fon feems from hence, to have had the Command of the Dragon in its Return for England.
Matter is fo incoherent, that one muft often guefs at the Author’s Meaning, b In Pure has, Ambo)no.
V o l. I. N°. 15. * T t
The
Point
Voyages of English to the E A s t Indies.
Point alfo of "Java , which with the fame [Hill] a which is ufually computed between Bantam and 1609
Jjhnd of
Madura.
and the former Ifland, bears South by Weft
Wefterly.
The fifteenth, they were near [the Ifland of]
Madura , contrary to the Author’s Expe&ation :
So that he fuppofes, either that the Ifle of Java
is not fo long as it is projected, or elfe, that they
had been fet to the Eaftward by the Current. A
round Ifle, and the higheft Eajlerland of Java ,
bore South South-Weft, half Weft [the EaJier -
land] about fix Leagues diftant ; [and] the Ifle
within three Leagues. Another Ifle lay from them
North-Weft five Leagues. The Author pricked
[down his Courfe] according to the Land, and
over-reckoned thirty Leagues.
The fixteenth, he computed fixteen Leagues
Eaft North-Eaft : Next Day, fixteen Leagues
Eaft by North. At Noon, they were two Leagues
South- Eaft by South from an Ifland, which trend-
eth Eaft by North two Leagues long, and was
not laid down in the Charts. <
NolTaferes. The eighteenth, at Noon, they were near
[one of] the Ifles NoJJaferes a ; it was North by
Weft a League off them. It trended North-Weft
and South-Eaft ; was two or three Leagues long,
and in Latitude five Degrees thirty Minutes. The
computed Courfe run, was thirty-fix Leagues Eaft
North-Eaft. They faw another flat Ifland to the
North thereof. The nineteenth, they ran eigh¬
teen Leagues Eaft, the Wind Wefterly.
The twentieth, they faw no Land, although
the Ship had run more fince they made NoJJaferes,
than the Diftance projected [in the Charts] be¬
tween them [and Celebes ]. This Evening, they
faw three fmall Ifles b to the North, four or five
Leagues diftant: They were Low-land, and ex¬
tended a good Length from Eaft to Weft. They
founded thwart of them, and had but nineteen
Fathom Water. The twenty-firft, in the Fore¬
noon, they faw the Land of Celebes ; and the
Author computed the Diftance betwixt it, and
the Place v/here they were yefter Noon, twenty-
nine Leagues, in regard they fleered Eaft : He
alfo reckons the Eaftermoft of the Ifles they faw
yefterday, to be twenty-three Leagues from Ce¬
lebes : But they could not fetch Macajfar by any
Means, the Wind being frefh Northerly, and
North- Weft. They anchored in twelve Fathom
Water ; the South Point of Celebes bearing Eaft
by South fix Leagues from them.
Note, That their falling with Celebes, fooner
by twenty-nine Leagues than they expected, was
caufed by the Error committed with refpe& to
the Eaft End of Java, where the Author over¬
leaped thirty Leagues, as hath been obferved the
fifteenth Day. Wherefore he judges, that the
Diftance of two hundred thirty-five Leagues,
Celebes.
Celebes, is near the Truth : Likewife that the Keeling,
Diftance between Celebes and NoJJaferes, is feven-’— »■ v*
ty-fix Leagues ; or elfe, that the Ifles they faw
the eighteenth, were not NoJJaferes. They broke
their Cable, and loft their Anchor.
The twenty-third, from the Point where
they rode, to another Point, lying Eaft by South,
there are ten Leagues ; from thence to another
low Point, Eaft by North, Northerly, eight
b Leagues ; and one League Eaft of the faid Eaft
Point, is the remarkable round Land: Thence to
another low Point, there are fix Leagues Eaft ; and
forwards to another Point, three Leagues more,
North-Eaft by Eaft ; but this Diftance is to the
Eaftward of the Streights. They hailed it all
Night under the remarkable round Land, which
was four Leagues Eaft North-Eaft from them.
The higheft South Land of Celebes, and the™^^
Weft Point of Defolatn, bear North North- Weft, fobm.
c ten or twelve Leagues diftant. The Weft End
of Defola?n , and the low Eaft Point of Celebes ,
(which is the narroweft of the Streights) bear
South by Weft, twelve or fourteen Leagues off.
The Coaft of Defolam is neareft South- Weft.
The Eaft End of Defolam, with the Ifles, making
the Streight, and the Eaft End of Celebes, in
Sight lie all in a right Line, neareft South and
North.
The twenty-fourth, in the Morning, they faw
d Kambina ; and could not, in the Author’s Opi¬
nion, be more than twenty Leagues Eaft, North-
Eaft, from the Streights of Celebes. At one in
the Afternoon, they were North-Eaft by North,,
eight Leagues from the Weft Point thereof, it
being a very high and round Hill ; the reft high¬
er, but thick Land. The Weftern Part of what
they faw, bore South-Eaft by South, and the
Eaftern Part, South-Eaft by Eaft, eight Leagues
long at the leaft. The twenty-fifth, they made
e but little Way, continuing ftill under the Ifland,
and faw Land to the North ; but whether Celebes
or fome other, was uncertain.
The twenty-feventh, in the Morning, they
were North and South with Land, lying twelve
Leagues Eaft South-Eaft from the Eaft Side of
Nautical
Mttnarks.
Kambina. Coming nearer, the Weftern PartKimbiflS
proved two Elands, lying Eaft North-Eaft, &c.ijiand.
The great Ifland lay Eaft by North, five Leagues
off, making three or four Head-lands.
There lies a round Ifland, eight Leagues
South from the faid Head -lands. From the Eaft¬
ern Point to another, North-Eaft half North,
there are three Leagues; thence to a third North-
Eaft, fix Leagues ; and to a fourth, North-Eaft
by North, three Leagues. Eight Leagues South-
Eaft by Eaft from the third Point, lies a Shoal,
* Or, Eu'wfra, Purchas . Called alfo Pater Nofer's* The three Ifles of Giealiam . Purehas.
fix
1 609.
Reeling.
P
tton
\ndt
ind Bar*
nboyna.
nda
'ad,
Voyages of the
fix Leagues long, as it beareth. The twenty- •
eighth, from the fa.id Point North-Eaft, eight
Leagues, lieth the Ifland Tikabeffa (whereof they
had Sight) and to the North- Eaft by North, four¬
teen Leagues, is the Eaft or North-Eaft Point or
Part of Button.
Toward Night, a Caracol, with forty or
fifty Men came aboard, fent from the King of
Button ; among whom were the King’s Uncle
and Son, who knew Sidall and Spalding.
The thirty- firft, in the Morning, they were
five Leagues North-Eaft, Northerly, from the
Point neareft 'Tikabeffa ; and within three Leagues
of the North Part of the fame Ifland, which are
two or three Ifles. At Noon they were fix Leagues
South-Eaft from the Eaft Point of Button , where¬
by they had more Way afterwards than the Ship
could have run. 1 he third of February , 1608-9}
Latitude four Degrees, twenty-five Minutes.
The Author reckons [the Way run] twenty-four
Leagues, Eaft North-Eaft ; the Wind North -
Weft, and North North- Weft ; but they were
fet Southerly.
The fourth, in the Morning, about eight,
they faw Burro, the Eaft Point whereof was
North-Eaft by Eaft, feven Leagues off, and the
Weft Point, North by Weft, nine Leagues off.
The Author allows [for the Space run] twelve
Leagues North-Eaft, Wind \Vefterly.
The fifth, a Confultation being had, it was
thought beft to go for Banda ; the Winds not
ferving for the Molukkos. From the Eaftern
Point of Burro , to another, there are four Leagues,
Eaft and Weft. The Ifle Bloy lieth South and
North from the Eaftermoft End of Burro , four
or five Leagues. From Burro they faw Amboyna ,
which lies Eaft by North twelve Leagues diftant,
and is ten Leagues long Eaft ; to the Eaftward
whereof lie other Ifles, Eaft and Weft, of good
Quantity.
The fixth, they faw the High-land of Ban¬
da, which, in the Author’s Opinion, was twen¬
ty-five Leagues diftant from the Eaftern Part of
Atnboyna, bearing Eaft by South, half Southerly :
The feventh, Pulorin a, with the little round Ifle
to the North, bore South by Eaft, five Leagues
diftant. Puloway , with Pulorin , [lie] Eaft
South-Eaft, and Weft North-Weft, three Leagues
off [each other.]
The eighth, they got into the Road or Har¬
bour of Banda , where the People and Hollanders
came to welcome the General. There is a fmall
flat Ifland that lieth to the North of Pulorin’ s Eaft
End. Pulovuay , and the Entrance of the Har¬
bour, bore Weft, Northerly, three Leagues dif-
English to the East Indies.
323
tant. The two Points of the South bear North, 1609.
one quarter Eaft, &c. half a Mile diftant. He that Keeling,
is bound in, muft borrow on the North Side,v— '
clofe under the higheft Hill. They rode in fix
Fathom and a half Water; the Entrance of the^
Sound being Weft South-AVeft, one Mile off'
them : Nera one Mile North ; and the low Point
of the round Hill, one Mile Weft. The Hope±
having been driven to the Eaft, came piloted-in
next Morning.
The ninth, the General went afhore, and Tie General
delivered his Majefty’s Letter to Nera , together ndt •
with a Prefent ; being the beft gilt Cup with a
Cover, the beft Head-piece and Gorget, and one
of Mr. Bucket* s Mufkets, which coft twenty-five
Dollars. It was received with the moft State that
had been known : But they took till next Day
to confider about the Propofal for fettling a Fac¬
tory. The Hollanders fhot five Chambers at
Captain Keeling’s landing, and five at his going
aboard ; he dieted with them. They report, that
the Eaft Monfon bloweth eight Months, begin¬
ning betwixt the firft and tenth of May.
The eleventh, he agreed for building their
Houfe.
The twenty-firft, he went to TJrtatan , to
confer with the People, where he promifed to
be at Lantor the Sunday, following.
The twenty-fifth, in the Afternoon, he was <?«, f,
called upon, and went to Lantor , where he de- Lantor.
livered the King’s Letter ; the fmall gilt Cup with
a Cover ; the fair gilt Target; one Mufket and
a Barrel, which they received with Refped.
Nakbada China (as the Hollanders Spy) came a-
board in the Night, to advife the General how
to fpeed. Where the Dutch have a Fadory, let
no Man look for better Meafure ; large Gifts
being more regarded than fair Dealing.
The thirteenth, they of Lantor demanded
for Serepinang , one hundred and forty Ryals of
2 Eio-ht ; and Captain Keeling required Leave to
fell his Cloth the beft he could, by fettling a
Price. The Prieft was fent from the Govern¬
ment to demand Payment of Rooba , Rooba , be¬
fore the Englijh traded ; which the General re- ,
fufed, except upon Condition that the whole p
Country would bind themfelves to lade him with
Mace and Nuts b, within four Months, at one
hundred Dollars c. The Prieft taking Time to
be chary d ; the other anfwered, that fince he
f perceived they protrafted the Affair, waiting till
the Arrival of the Hollanders (which was now
become doubtful, the Monfons being almoft
fpent, and the Eaft Winds beginning already to
blow) he would not give paft ninety Ryals:
b Or Nutmegs.
1 This is the Ifland known to us at prefent by the Name of Pulo roon, or ?ulo
C We fuppofe the Katti, for the Quantity is no where exprefly mentioned. Purcbas reads
gin. Be chara : The meaning is, to conlult about, or confider of it. Whereupon
324 Voyages of the English to the East indies.
1609. Whereupon the Prieft took his Leave; who, a the Hope, from Puhway, two hundred
under a very fair Outfide, concealed Abundance
I N
Keeling.
Conte to A
greement.
TaBory at
Pulo Way,
Spice from
theme.
a very
(of Guile.
The fixteenth, there arrived three tall in¬
landers ', which, without anchoring, (hot thirty,
fixteen, and nine Pieces of excellent Ordnance.
Two of thefe Ships came from Tarnate , having
loft Paul Fan Carden , their Admiral, with fe-
venty-four Men, taken by the Spaniards. The
Dutch offered fifty thoufand Dollars for him ; but
they would hearken to no other Ranfom, but
reftoring the Fort of Machian , which he had
formerly taken from them.
The feventeenth, the Hollanders vifited the
General, by Sir Brewer ; and next Day thofe of
the two leaft Ships, came to vifit, and fupped
with him: Bat an Englijhman reported, that they
defigned to furprife him and his Ships, before a
Month was at an End.
The nineteenth, the States font again for
Rooba , Rooba : Which the General refufing to c
pay, they fent once more to tell him they were
met together ; but that except he would exceed
one hundred Dollars, he might fave himfelf the
Labour of applying to them. He returned for
Anfwer, that if he was fure not to lade a Grain,
he would not give above that Sum. Soon after,
they fent to call him, and at length agreed to
take one hundred Dollars [for the Katti of Spice];
for Rooba , Rooba , three hundred and eighty Dol¬
lars ; and for Serepinang, fifty Dollars ; befides <
Pijfalin , a Duty to the four Shah Bandars , of
four Pieces of Serajfa , or Malaian Pintadoes. Af¬
ter this they received a Beam and Weight, the
Katti3, ninety-nine Dollars; and in the Avoir-
dupoize, five Pound, thirteen Ounces and half :
Whence it appeared, that their Ryals were too
light. The twentieth, they began to weigh, and
the Hollanders coming afhore, fettled the Price
at one hundred [the Katti , for Spice] ; four hun¬
dred for Rooba , Rooba ; and fifty for Serepinang ;
befides four Pieces of Cloth. The Englifh payed
the Hollanders under-hand Price, elfe they muft
have been idle.
The twenty-third, the General made a fe-
cret Agreement with the Chief of Puloway , to
fend a Fadlory thither ; and was conflrained to
lend them three hundred Ryals; and give, as
Serapinang , one hundred Ryals, with four Ma¬
laian Pintadoes. Next Day the Dutch hearing of
the Agreement, fought to prevent him. The
twenty-ninth, there arrived in the Road fix great
Ships of theirs, and two fmall Pinnaces. The Ge¬
neral faluted them with nine Pieces, and they
anfwered with three.
The firft of April , 1609, received, by
twenty- 1 609
five Katis three quarters of Mace, and one thou- Keelini
fand three hundred and feven Katis and a half "V*
of Nuts ; which Mace (fo bought) he marked
with B , for Diftinclion. The fourth, going a-
board to cure one of his Eyes, which by the
Heat of Nuts, watching, tl fc. was very fore, he
left the Houfe and Goods in the Care of Auguf-
tine Spalding. There arrived from the Molukkos ,
two fmall Hollanders. And now the Wind, eve-
b ry Morning, blew hard Eafterly.
The ninth, the Dutch Admiral, Peter Wil-
liamfon Varhoef. \ went afhore to Urtatan. The
Fleet (hot forty Pieces of Ordnance ; his Ship,
but five. He delivered a Letter from Count
Maurice , without a Prefent ; which when the
People demanded, Anfwer was made (as the
Author was told) that they had one aboard :
But it was not yet refolved what it fhould be.
The tenth, the Shah Bandar , at the Gene¬
ral’s Requeft, fent for the Letter ; which being in
Portugueze , he perufed, and found it only an In-
ftrument, binding the Prince and State, to rati¬
fy fuch Agreements as their Admirals and Coun¬
cils fhould make with other Powers. It was
written on Paper, fealed underneath, and left
open for all.
SECT. V.
[ The Dutch prepare to land. Invade Banda. More
Wrongs done the Englifh. They begin their Fort.
Are hated by the Natives. In great Danger. Fly
to the Englifh for Aid. Tloe Inhabitants refolve
to kill thetn. Are faved by the Englifh ; yet con¬
trol their Trade. Prefume to farch their Boats.
Contejl on that Occafton. They yield to Force ,
and are fearched. Dutch take Labatakka. Re-
pulfed at Salomo. Tricks and Inventions to pick
a Ffuarrel.
' rjp H E eleventh, they began to bring their Out
Nuts aboard, being conflrained thereto by^3,<
the Dutch , whofe Intention was to go afhore
within a Day or two: So that the Englifh could
neither fcle£t the beft, nor let them lie long e-
nough in Sweat.
The twelfth, at Night, after the firft Watch,
the States fent four Men to defire the General’s
Company inftantly afhore; but he excufed go¬
ing till next Morning, and then went betimes,
f The Shah Bandar of Nera b coming to vifit him,
on his Landing, after much Talk he propofed
(as he had often done before) the formal Surren¬
der of Banda c, to the Ufe of the King of Eng¬
land, before the Hollanders landed, or began
their purpofed Fort. They feemed to like the
f la Purchas, Cattee.
b By others, Nero.
c Batidan , in Purchas.
Propofal
Voyages of the Engl
*t60Q. Pr°P0^ weB, promifing to be chary thereupon, a
Keeling, and give an Anfwer the fame Day ; but did not
U -v"—'1 per form. _
),y mvade The fifteenth, the Dutch, with twenty Boats,
P landed one thoufand two hundred Men : The
Natives fled. The eighteenth, the General went
afhore, and fending for fome Hollanders of Note,
complained of many Wrongs he had received
fince their Arrival, and demanded Redrefs; ad¬
ding, that although the Englijh were not then
ftrono- enough to right themfelves ; yet their 1
King would not fuffer his Subjects to be injured,
by their means, without obtaining effectual Sa¬
tisfaction.
The General at the fame Time told them,
that notwithftanding their Behaviour, he could
not forbear acquainting them, that the Natives
intended to poifon their W ater ; and had, for
that Reafon, warned him not to drink thereof.
They thanked him, and having been with their
Admiral, requefted the General from him to
have Patience, with regard to the Affair of Rice,
till he had confulted thereupon. (Necejfity has no
Laiv.)
,„w„v The twentieth, the General, went alhore o
■m the fetch the Rice, in Part of Daton Puti sa _ Debt to
totth. the Company; but the Hollanders had dilhonelt-
ly taken the fame, notwithftanding the Admi¬
ral promifed that he (hould have it. Then he
thought to have fupplied himfelf among the Ja¬
vans : But they durft not, although he offered five
Dollars the Koyoung more than the Dutch paid ;
alledging that the Hollanders had charged them
not to fell him any. At his Return home, find¬
ing the Perfon b whom the Admiral had former¬
ly fent to him, he defired him to tel! that Com¬
mander, that he looked upon the taking of his
Rice, as a great Wrong ; and that it he were a
Gentleman, he would not fuffer his bafe People
to abufe him, as he walked among them. 1 he
Perfon anfwered, that he was a Weaver ; where¬
upon the General reproved him, being an Eng-
lijhman in their Service. He replied, that his
own People fpake fo of him. #
Afterwards the General took his Praw,
and went to Labatakka ; where he found fuch lit¬
tle Bufinefs, that it appearing not worth while to
keep People there, he lent his Skiff to bring them
and their Goods away. The twenty-fecond, he
went to Kornby , where the Dutch did the Englijh
much Wrong, even in their own Yard ; where¬
of having fundry 1 imes complained withjut P.t-
drefs, the General concluded that it was by Or-
Tbty Itgin der from the Chief. The twenty- fourth, the
tbur Fat.
ish to the East Indies.
325
Dutch began their Fort c. Next Day one of their 1 609-
Pinnaces which came from Poloway , would tell Keel^g.
him no News of Brown there: Whereupon he - -
manned his Skift and went thither ; but found
little Spice. Plowever the People defired him to
ftay at Ayre Puti , promifing to lade his Ship ; and
offered to make it Death to any w'ho {hould fell
one Katti of Spice to the Hollanders. The Ge¬
neral fire wing a Diffidence, having once before
deceived him, they offered to enter into Articles
5 and confirm them by Oaths. Upon thishepro-
pofed their bringing the Goods aboard ; which
they refufed, fearing the Dutch. He then offer¬
ed to fend one Englijhman in each Praw, and to
run the Hazard if the Dutch took it. But they
would not hazard their People.
The twenty-fixth, in the Morning, having
taken into his Boat four Suckles of Mace, and
many Nuts, with three Chiefs, in order to con¬
fer what to do: By the Way they declared, that fated by th*
c if he would not deal with them, their Spice fttould yv<'r,w-
rot upon the Trees ; and they w’ould all die be¬
fore they would trade with the Hollanders. But
(fays the Author) they are wicked and faithlefs
Moors ; neither know I what to do : For if I go
to the Molukkos, I muff lofe two thoufand Dol¬
lars owing here; and Trade there is uncertain.
On the other Hand, flaying two Months longer
here, will prevent going to the Molukkos: How¬
ever, at laft, he agreed with them. The twen-
d ty-ninth, the Chiefs being convented, after ma¬
ny Proteftations of Sincerity, they engaged, by
Writing, to deal with him only, for all their
Spice at Puloway and Pulorin , and at Ayre^ Puti,
and not to fell or part with one Angle Katti to
the Hollanders.
The Hollanders offered twelve thoufand Dol¬
lars, to make their Peace with the Inhabitants,
and drive the Englijlo thence; which they refufed :
And often earneftly defired the General not to
e take it ill, that they permitted the Dutch to land
and fell their Cloth, which they did upon a par¬
ticular Confideration, no way material to him.
The fourth of May, the General went to
Puloway , where he found the Hollanders offered
Cloth at one third lefs than the Englijh. He alfo
met with a thoufand Kattis of Nuts, and two
hundred Kattis of Mace, which they of Pulorin
had fold the Englijh, without letting the Hollanders
have one Katti of either.
The eighth, the Dutch there fent to requeftr^ Dntcfe
the Conveyance of a Letter, and a flck Man z-m Daw*
board their Ships, which the General promifed :
But his Nuts being ready to lade, Nakhada boa-
• h*, iw * The Relation fteaks before m .he UWNgto- It
fau. “ This is not the Name of a Perfon, but fignifies ^GoaCapt***,™ C P * from,
Goa ; it being cuftomary in thofe Parts to diftinguifh Commanders of Veffels by the Country tney
So before, Nakhada China , or the Chinefe Captain.
26 V o y a g e s of the English to the East Indie s.
1609. came from the Chief to intreat him. not to carry a be fafe; but would not permit them to go aboard 1609
Keeling, their Man or Letter ; but ftay alfo himfelf [on their Ships. He went aboard and brought more Keeling
' -y^Shore] which he refufed, and prepared to fet for- Letters to the Dutch ; and, at the Harbour’s
ward : Whereof being informed, they fent him Mouth, was hailed by five Dutch Shallops and
Word again by the fame Perfon ; that if he went, other Boats.
they would feize whatfoever he left behind, and The twentieth, in the Evening, Simon Hoen,
confider the Englijh as Enemies. Upon which he their Vice-Admiral, came aboard the Heftor,
flayed a. and gave the General many Thanks for Kind-
Seei Aid of The ninth, the People fent and required him neffes (hewed to the Dutch at Puloway. At his
tve Engliih. not t0 g0 aboard in four Days. As he was going going away (even Guns were (hot off.
to Bed, there came a Command that they (hould b The twenty-fifth, he manned his Praw, and Contml tl
not (fir out of Doors, upon Pain of Death. Pre- went to Labatakka ; where they defired a Man, rrade’
fently after, he heard that the Dutch were upon or two Ledgers to buy their Spice, which he pro-
their Knees to the People : Whereupon going out mifed them. The Hollanders having pulled down
armed, he found them overcome with Fear ; his Houfe, gave him, by way of Satisfa&ion for
and demanding the Caufe of coming abroad fo the fame, one hundred and fifty Dollars, befides
late ? They anfwered, that one of them was (hot forty of the Boards. When he was going to
into the Leg, with a Trunck, as he fiept in Bed, Van Bergel , and Samuel King came from
their Houfe, which caufed them to feek the Ge- the Vice-Admiral to let him know, that they
neral’s Help ; and that they were intercepted by had concluded to allow him a quiet Trade at
the Way. He went home with them, and leav- c Labatakka , except at fuch Times as they (hould
ing three Englijh with two of them in their come to furprife the fame. They likewife de-
Houfe, brought two home with him. fired him not to take Offence, if their Boats
The tenth, in the Morning, he caufed the Searched his, to fee if he affifted their Enemies.
Goods of the Dutch (at their earned Requed) This he took very ill ; and, to prevent fuch In¬
to be brought to his Houfe ; whereat the Natives conveniences, propofed to trade only at Pulo-
(eemed offended. way and Pulorin , provided they would pay him
TimrDeatbi JT was determined in a Council to kill the what Debts Nera and Kumber owed him, a-
^JVSl C71‘ Dutch’, but Na kh a da Goa preferved their Lives. mounting to twelve or thirteen hundred Dollars:
They were commanded by the Natives not to They promifed to give an Anfwer next Day ; and
dir out of Doors, upon Pain of Death : Their d in the Morning Van Bergel brought him Word,
Goods and Money were regidered. This Even- that he might trade at Labatakka.
ing many Praws filled with Men went from The thirty-fird, having gone thither to for- Conteft w
hence ; and the twelfth, at Night, one of them ward Bufinefs, about Supper-time, Van Bergeltblrr-
returned, with News that they had (lain the and Samuel King came aboard. They defiring to
Dutch Admiral, and all his principal Followers. fpeak with him in Private, he went with them
Next Day the General had much ado to keep the into his Cabin ; where, after many Compliments,
Dutch from being (lain, by thofe of Kampon Aw- they delivered him a Note from their Vice-Ad-
rat, whofe Shah Bandar had been (lain by the miral ; importing, that he would allow the Eng-
Dutch. Ujh Liberty to trade, but not to carry Victuals
The fourteenth, two Dutch Pinnaces arriv- e and Munition to the People, whom he held for
ing, the Blunders were in great Hopes they would Enemies : Alfo, that he required their Boats
have landed : But the General ordered his Men (hould pafs by his Ships to be fearched ; that
to forbid them ; and not without much Intreaty otherwife they (hould be fearched by Force, and
and Danger, faved thofe who were on Shore, from both Ship and Goods confifcated. The General
being (lain by the People of Kampon Awrat , who anfwered, that he would follow his Commerce ;
laZd(£ytl‘ Came a11 amied with that DeflSn- About Noon he and that if the other injured him, it would fall
fent away his Skiff with Letters from the Dutch on . heavy upon him : That he had fome of the Rice
the Bland to thofe on Ship-board ; and at Night (till to difpofe of, and intended to fell, if they did
had much ado to preferve the former, by keep- not obftruft him : That for Munition, he had
ing a careful Watch. Next Day the Skiff re- f in the Ship not above twenty Hand-Guns, be-
turned with Anfwers to the Dutch Letters. longing to certain poor Men j the Sale whereof
The fixteenth, the States confulted, and re- he neither could nor would prevent, except they
folved, that with the General the Dutch (hould would buy them, in which Cafe they (hould have
a The Quarrels betwixt the Dutch and Bandejfes , were owing partly to the Levity of the latter, and Info-
lence of the former : Who dealt in Fortifications inftead of Merchandize ; and (pared neither the Liberty of
the Living, nor the Sepulchres of the Dead. Hence Murders and Hoftility. See my Pilgrimage, 1. c. ch. 16.
S« 2. Pure has.
3
them
I6?9'
Keeling.
p'
iout [earcb
' their
M
ty yield to
' rce .
trtbtd.
Voyages of the Engl
them at a reafonahle Price : That as to fubmit-
ting to their Search, he could not do it without
becoming a Traitor to his Prince 5 and that he
would hazard both Life and Fortune, rather than
his Integrity fhould be called in queftion at his
Return to England.
The fecond of ‘June, he fent the Vice-Ad¬
miral and Council a few Lines upon the fame
Occafion, by Augujline Spalding, feeking an ami¬
cable Agreement. Next Day, he received a
Note from the Dutch , who infilled on continu¬
ing their Search ; and offered to buy the Hand-
Guns, but would not permit the Rice to be car¬
ried. To which he returned, by their Meffen-
ger, the following Anfwer :
CfHE Vice- Admiral, M. Simon Jahnfon Hoen,
A &c. of the Dutch Fleet , may pleafe to know,
that to the End , to take away all Caufe of Quarrel
from them to us , and jhew the World our honejl
Caufe , and their Wilfulnefs : Whereas they will not c
permit my Rice to be carried to Puloway, I will like-
wife therein confent to them , upon Condition , that
they will revoke their purpofed Search. And to the
End , they J, hall have fame Security for the Per¬
formance , I tv ill pafs my yet unfalffied Word : Or
if that (through your Incredulity) be not fuffeient ,
mine Oath unto your Deputies , or yourfelves , gene¬
rally at Pleafure to the fame Ejfefi. But if here¬
in you will not (through Defire of Quarrel with
the Englifh) confent to my reafonable Requejl , then d
be pleafed to know , that I will fend it at what
Price or Hazard foever. Concerning our Munition ,
/ write nothing ; your Purpofe of buying the fame ,
being Prevention to your Doubts , which I pray let
be done fpeedily for your own Satisfactions. Thus 1
commit you to the Almighty , who profper your honejl
Proceedings , as I wijh to mine own. From aboard
the Hedlor in Banda, this third of June, 1609.
William Keeling, e
Toward Night, they fent him their lafl Re-
folution, (having called four Councils thereupon;)
which was* that they held their Determination
for the Search. Whereupon, the General con-
fidering their Intentions, and that the leaft Vio¬
lence would Caufe a total Breach ; that, in fuch
Cafe, fixty-two Men could have no Chance a-
gainft a thoufand or more ; and that their Ship and
Goods would be in great Danger ; or at leaft f
would be hindered to lade Spice, their Fort com¬
manding all : He thereupon yielded, as by Con-
ftraint, to the Search.
The fifth, he went with the laft of his Rice
to Puloway , the Hollanders having firft fent a-
board, and fearched to their great Difcontent ;
notwithftanding which, the Ship, at Lantor waved,.
I s h to the East Indie s. 32 7
a and called them aboard : He refufing, they faid 1609.
they would Ihoot ; but they thought better of ^Keeling. ^
The fourteenth, going to Labatakka , he
bought fome Spice, and put off fome Cloth. The
twenty- fourth, he went to Kumber , whence he
ftowed eleven Suckles of Mace.
Next Day, he went to Lantor to recover
fome Debts, which were denied him. The twen-
fixth, he fent his great Boat for Puloway , and
went himfelf to Labatakka , whence he ftowed
two Suckles of Mace. Next Day, the Boat re¬
turned with Spice from Puloway. The Javans
began to confer with the Hollanders. The twen¬
ty-ninth, he went to Kumber , whence he ftowed
fourteen Suckles of Mace. The firft of July, he
went thither again to account with Debtors.
The fecond, the Hollanders (with all the Dutch take
Strength they could raife, leaving the Ships and Labatakk8*
Fort but weakly manned) went and took Laba¬
takka : Where they killed fixteen or twenty Per-
fons, and burned the Town, bringing away Pots
and Pans. The Author was perfuaded, that forty
Men might have done as much as they did.
The fourth, he fent to Kumber, but one of
his Guzerats advifed him to go thither no more ;
becaufe they fufpedled he held Intelligence with
the Dutch.
The fixteenth, before Day, the Hollanders
with their whole Power, went to the Eaftward ;
and then burned certain Boats, and returning to
take Salomo , they were there at much Strife about Rtpuifiat'
landing; not who fhould go foremoft, but whoSalomo’
fhould flay longeft aboard : By which, and other
Mifcondudl, they were repulfed with the Lofs
of fix Men, befides many hurt ; among whom
the Governor, Mr. Jacob de Bitter , behaved
worthily. Afterwards Matthew Porter , with o-
thers, going afhore, one fent the General Word
by him, that the Hollanders defigned to feize him,,
and advifed him to look well to himfelf and the
Ship. The Reafon they alledged for this was,
that the two preceding Nights, the Ettglijh made
Signs (which were anfwered by the People from
Shore) of the Hollanders Preparation to land.
The feventeenth, the Dutch fent Van BcrgelKff'J
and Sa?nuel King aboard the Heitor, requefting tof;JflJ
know when the General intended to depart. As
he was delayed at Pulozvay , he could not fa-
tisfy them. Then offering to make good all his
Debts, if he would be gone fpeedily, he refufed :
Saying, that the Company would not feel fo fmall
a Lofs ; and that he could not anfwer fuch De-
fertion at home, efpecially after having flayed
till his Lading was ready. They had likewife
fome Talk concerning the pretended Signal a-
bove-mentioned ; affirming, that the Englifro made
them two Nights together 5 that many Depon-
twns
323
Voyages
1609. tions were taken thereupon
of the Engli
Alfo, that one of a
Iveeli' g.
To pick a
Quarrel.
his Men, who was in their Fort the Day before,
being afked, Why they made Signs to the Coun¬
try ? Anlwered, That they had Reafon fo to do,
fince the Country was fo much indebted to them,
and the Dutch gave them all the Obftru&ion they
could. The General, provoked at this Inven¬
tion, defied them to prove any thing they had
alledged, and bid them go on their own Way.
However, that he might take ofF all Ground of
Sufpicion, he offered to go ride in Laboon Java ,
where he could neither know any thing of their
Motions i nor make Signs to prejudice them.
s h to the East Indies.
aforefaid refufed to accept the fame : Notivithjland- 1 609.
ing we have fufficient Occafon to command him. Keeling,
with his / 'aid Ships to ivithdraw from this Road , and''
our Fleet , out of the Reach of the Artillery of the
Fortrefs of Nallau. And that the forefaid General
may underjland the Rea f ns which moved us to the
fame , we have at large remonjlrated the fame as
followeth :
Cl
a
(C
tc
S E C T. VI. .
Dutch Vice- Admiral' s Letter to the General. His
Rcmonjlrance. Charge againjl the Bandanefe.
'Their Officers enfnared and murdered. They com ■
mand the Englifh to withdraw. The General's
Anfwer. They make Peace with the Ijlanders.
Englifh forced to leave Banda. Arrive at Ban¬
tam. FaFlory left there. Return homewards.
Tierra de Natal. If and Mauritius. Cape & as
Agullas. Directions for that Coaf. Cape of
Good Hope. Jfand St. Helena. Afcenfion.
Leave a Dutch Ship in Difrefs. Arrive in the
Downs.
TH E eighteenth, in the Afternoon, the
Dutch fent many of their Chiefs aboard
him; who, at firft, demanded kindly,* Whether
he continued in his former Determination of
lading there ? Having anfwered, That he did,
they defired him to refolve to depart in Friend¬
ship : fie replied, that now Spice was ready, he
hoped to get away within twenty Days. Many
Arguments palled between them : But when
they law him inflexible, they delivered him a
Note from their Vice-Admiral and Council ;
wherein were forged as many Untruths as Lines.
The Copy is as followeth :
Vice Admi¬
ral' 1 Letter.
CffiH E General, Air. William Keeling, may
pleafe to know, that it hath been , by our De¬
puties , offered to him ; that if he thought good to
transfer over to us, the Debts remaining among the
a
a
a
ll
ll
ll
ll
ll
ll
ll
ll
<1
ll
ll
((
ll
ll
ll
ll
ll
ll
ll
ll
ll
It
ll
ll
ll
ll
((
ll
{(
((
Bandanefes, and then with Friendjhip withdraw “
from the Road with his Ship, ( which himfelf here¬
tofore hath partly made Alention of to fome of us)
we are refolved to deal with him in that Behalf.
And although this reafonable Propofal is by us made
to him , to avoid a Quarrel j yet hath the General
a
<c
THE eighth of April, 1609, the Wor- Dutch Rt.
fhipful Admiral Peter IVilliamfon Vanmo^rmts'
Hoef, having anchored, with his Fleet, in the
Iflands of Banda ; and there being informed,
by the Merchants of the united Eajl India
Company, that they were, by the Inhabitants
of Banda, daily ftraitned and molefted : And
alfo fometimes difpo defied of their Cloths and
Merchandizes, which they took at fuch Rates
as they pleafed, paying for them when and in
what Manner they thought proper: Whereby
they became indebted to the general Eaf In¬
dia Company above twenty thoufand Ryals
of Eight, without Intention to difeharge the
fame. And farther, that our Liegers have
lived in a very doubtful Situation, being daily
in Fear, leaft they fhould work their Deftruc-
tion, as they did but a few Years ago, having
murdered our Merchants, and by Force taken
others ; and, according to their Cuftom, made
Heathens of them.
“ Wherefore the Admiral aforefaid wasC£jr?<4.
moved, by all friendly Means, to build
Caftle or Fortrefs b, that our Liegers and Mer- " tn’
chandizes might reft in better Security, both
againft the Portugueze, and all other Enemies :
Which by moft of the chief Oran Kayas was
confented to, and thereupon have we pro¬
ceeded to ere£t a Fortrefs upon the Iiland
Neyra : Which Fortrefs being about half fi-
nifhed, the Admiral Van Hoen abovefaid pro¬
cured a Convention of the chief Oran Kayas ,
and Council of the Ifle of Banda, to meet him
and others of the Council at Ratu ; there to
have entered into a friendly Treaty and Agree¬
ment with them. To which Effect, the faid
Admiral nominated the Fifcal, or Juftice of
the Fleet, befides others of good Account, as
Hoftages, to continue at Keyakke ; that they
might, with lefs Fear or Reftraint, come to
meet him.
“ Accordingly the Admiral, with feve- 73^ Mjs
ral of his Council, and a Company of Soldiers,
* A Sign (fays the Author in a Parenthefis) that the Dutch intended to quarrel with us. And indeed their
Proceedings at Amboyna began with Depofitions. b The Building of this Fort, how it was liked of the
Inhabitants, the PremifTes declare : Befides, they prophaned their Burial-Ground to that Purpofe ; an odious
Abomination to the Bandanefe. And how unlikely it is, that they would admit a Fort to captivate their Li¬
berty, and that near their Masjid, to profane their Religion ? Their Practices fince may awaken the Reader’s
Obfervation. Purchas.
« the
Vovages of the English to the East Indies.
329
1 609.
Reeling. '
Van Bergel, John CorneliJJbn Wyjly William Ja - 1 609.
cobfon , Simon Martens , Rufger Tomajfen , Mar- Keeling.
tc lahen , 1609. Peter Bahuecy 1609. William -v—
tc Vandervorty alias, Secret.”
To this Remonftrance the General briefly
fwered by Word of Mouth, That he could not^wer'
tc
y mar-
■td,
“ the twenty-fecond of Mayt 1609, came to a «
“ RatUy the appointed Place of Convention.
“ Being there, a Bandanefe approached him out
“ of the Woods ; who told him, that the Oran
“ Kayas, and other Chiefs of the Ifles, were near
“ at Hand in the Woods, but were fo fearful of
“ the Soldiers, that they durft not come to him ; juftify his departing thence in fuch a Manner,
his Lading being then ready ; and that unlefs he
was otherwife commanded than by Words, he
would ride there till he was laden, which would
be within twenty-five Days at fartheft. They
alledged, That, this their Notification to him,
was fufficient. To which he replied, That of¬
tentimes rafti Men threatned to do, what they
durft not for their Lives perform. He fhot oft
five parting Pieces.
The nineteenth, he fent his Skiff for Pulo-
ivay, to look out for a Road there. Van Bergel
coming aboard to fearch the Boat, the General
defired him to tell the Vice-Admiral, that he
Treachery, having kept upon their Guard, c would leave a Fadlory at Puloway in cafe of Con-
and therefore prayed him and his Council to
come to them : Which they accordingly did,
leaving his Soldiers at the Place of Rendezvous :
And being entered amongft them, found the
Woods crouded with armed Blacks , Bandanefey
and Oran Kayas ; who inftantly furrounded
them, and without much Conference, trea-
“ cheroufly and villainoufly maffacred them, giv¬
ing each of our Chiefs no lefs then twenty
Wounds. This Stratagem having fucceeded,
theyprefentlyaffaulted the Company of Soldiers,
intending to have ferved them the fame Sauce :
u
tc
44
(4
44
44
44
44
44
(4
But they, partly in Fear, and fufpe&ing fome
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
rr.rrxir.d the
ljililh to
\itbdraw,
encountered the Enemy ; who, at length, be¬
took themfelves to their beft Refuge, with
the Lofs of fome of their Chiefs, and fo fled
to Kayak : And there have murdered the Fif-
cal, or Juftice aforefaid, with the reft of the
Hoftages, befides divers others of our People,
who were walking into the Woods to gather
Cocoa-Nuts : Infomuch, that, on this Occa-
fion, above forty of our People were murdered
by the Bandanefey contrary to their Oaths and
Promifes. Which Actions provoked us to take
“ all poftible Revenge againft thofe treacherous
“ and inhuman Iflanders, and urge us to profe-
“ cute the prefent bloody War3. - They con¬
clude thus :
“ We, by Virtue of our Commiflion and
“ Patent of his Princely Excellency, command
“ the forefaid General to withdraw with his
“ Ship out of our Road and Fleet, and beyond
the Reach of the Artillery of the Fortrefs of
Najfauy within the Space of five Days, after
the Date hereof. And inafmuch as we have
conquered, by Force of Arms, the Ifland of
Nero, we alfo claim and hold the Roads be¬
longing thereto, as the Road of Labatakka, &c.
to be under our Command : And will not per¬
mit any (during our War with the Bandanefe)
to anchor there.
“ Accordingly it is ordained, agreed,
44
ftraint j and that without Conftraint, he would
not depart from thence.
The twentieth, about one in the Morning,
the Skiff returned from Puloway y without any
Account of the Debts, or Inventory of Goods,
which were the principal Caufes of his writing.
He [who was fent on the Meffage] brought Word
only, that the People were willing to pay their
Debts, if he could ftay fifteen or twenty Days ;
and offered him their beft Road at Puloway. The
Dutch after this came to fome Agreement with
him for the Time of his Stay, and for the Debts :
To which he was invited by the Monfony and
the Trade which he already had.
The firft of Augujly Peace was proclaimed be- Dutch Peaa
twixt the Dutch and’ the Iflanders ; which was a
44
44
-ft
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
melancholy Argument of the Puloway breaking
with the Englifh. The Dutch fent the General
a Letter of Credit, for difcharging the Debts left
e at Banda , payable at Bantam ; and that Even¬
ing fhot off an hundred and fifty Pieces of Ord¬
nance for Joy of the Peace. Upon the Gover¬
nor’s earneft Entreaty, he went to fee the Dutch
Fort, whofe Square might be - Foot : It
was mounted with thirty Pieces of Ordnance,
whereof eight were very good Brafs Demi-Ca-
nons.
The fourth, having fent his Boat to fetch
^ away Goods, there returned with it a Servant of
and abfolutely refolved upon by the Vice- Ad- f Nakhada Guzerat : By whom he underftood, that
< with the
Bandanefe.
miral and the Refidue of the Council, in the
“ Ship of Hcllandiay in the Road of Banda , the
“ twenty-eighth of Julyy 1609.
“ Simon Jahnfon Hoeny Jacob de Bitter , Henry
the Puloways were refolved not to let him have
any more Spice, except fome little, to tilofs over
their Wrong done to the Englijh b : Wherefore
he fent his Boat again for Brown ; and fhot^five
Guns
3 Then followed many Prefumptions of his Afliftance of the Bandanefey by Englifh Power and Munition, by
Signs, (jfe . which I omit. Which Words inferted in the Text muft be thole of Purcbas, who frequently mixes
his own with his Author’s. b What the Bolonuays did, was through Necdhty ; and what the Englijh would
Vol.I. N°XVI. Uu
have
33° V o v a g e s of the E n g l i
1609. Guns to warn his People aboard; the Blunders
K«eii..g. not perceiving that he was offended at their ill
— ‘v'^— ** Dealings. After the fecond Summons, Brown
came, but not Spalding ; whom they would not
part with, till the General went afhore : Where¬
fore he flood again to the Eaftward, and coming
fomewhat near the Town, the King of Makaf-
far came aboard him, bringing Spalding , and the
three Dutch aboard : For which he was more be¬
holden to the King’s Pawn, than their Honefties.
The tenth, he weighed an half hundred by his l
ordinary Banda Beam, and it weighed nine Katti's
and an half ; whereby it appeareth, that th eKatti
weighs five Pound, fourteen Ounces and an half
Avoirdupois. He weighed alfo the fingle Katti ,
which made five Pound fourteen Ounces and a
Quarter Avoirdupois. The eleventh, they anchor¬
ed near Makajfar upon Celebes , being very de-
firous to go thither ; in Hopes, as he was inform¬
ed, of getting Cloves there in Exchange for
Cloth. ,
The twelfth, having fent his Skiff armed, to
enquire whereabout they were, he found, that
Makajfar was yet half a Day’s Sail to the North ;
and that three Months before, a Dutch Ship was
loft in Sight of the Town : Upon which Report,
they gave over the Defign of going thither.
The twenty-fir ft, they anchored before Jak~
katra , where they found the Banda and Enk-
huifen , two Dutch Ships, which brought the Eng-
lijh (in the Hope ) and their Goods from Amboyna ;
having arrived eight Days before.
Arrive at The twenty-fixth, coming near the Point,
Bantam. [of Bantam] they met a Praw with Ralph Hearne ,
fent by Mr. John Saris , who had ready three
thoufand four hundred and eighty-one Bags of
Pepper. Having got betimes in the Road, Saris
came aboard the He ft or in a Dutch Boat.
The thirteenth [of September] at the King’s
Requeft, the General fent twenty-five armed
Men to make him Paftime. This was done in (
Honour of his having, the Night before, made
Conqueft of his Wife’s Virginity.
The twenty-third, the General having taken-
in four thoufand nine hundred Bags of Pepper,
propofed the leaving a Factory ; which was con¬
tented to.
TaBory left The twenty-feventh, he appointed a Factory
there. at Bantam , afiigning the Factor, AuguJUne Spal¬
dings fifty Pound Sterling a Year ; and the reft
per Month as follows : Francis Kellys Surgeon,
forty-five Shillings ; John Parfons thirty ; Robert
Neal twenty-nine; AuguJUne Adwell twenty-four j
Etheldred Larnpre and William Driver twenty Shil¬
lings each j William Wilfon twenty-two Shillings
s h /a East Indies,
a Month ; IVilliam Lamwell and Philip Badnedg j 6o(\
fixteen each ; Francifco Domingo twelve Shillings ; Keeling*
Juan Seraons and Adrian , Mr. Towrfon’s Boy,V-— y-**.
each ten Shillings a Month. He alfo hired fix
Perfons to go with him for England.
The twenty-ninth, he fettled Matters relating
to the Cuftoms with the Governor, after much
ado.
The thirtieth, the Company’s Bufinefs was
transferred from Saris to Spalding ; who was de¬
fined to bear in Mind the Dutch Infolency and
Hatred towards the Engli/h , and therefore to have
but little to do with them.
The fecond of Octobers the General took his
Leave of the Governor, and defired his Favour
to the Factor, which he promifed with much
Shew of Sincerity.
The third betimes, he went aboard in order Return km
to put to Sea. The firft of November , having, wardt.
in twenty-four Days, run about fix hundred and
fifty [Leagues] from Bantam , they were in twen¬
ty-five Degrees South Latitude, the Needle vary¬
ing twenty-four Degrees.
The twenty-ninth, they had all Day an hard
Gale of Wind ; which, towards Night, proved
a Storm at Weft South-Weft from the North¬
ward, and put them to try with their main
Courfe, continuing all Night, and the next Day.
On this Occafion (as often before) they found an
Obfervation of Linfchoten to be true ; that, ge-
1 nerally, when any Eafterly Wind comes about to
the Northward, if it happen to rain, prefently,
veering round to the Weft South-Weft, it there
fettles. They were in thirty-two and an half South
when the Storm took them, and had about thirty
Degrees Variation and upwards.
The eighth of December they fell, betimes in Tierra ie
the Morning, with Tierra de Nataly fome fixNatal.
Leagues off to the Weft, where the Variation
was about eight Degrees .and an half. They were
: at Noon in thirty-one Degrees twenty-feven Mi¬
nutes Latitude, (landing South South-Eaft, (Wind
at South- Weft) under low Sails. They met a
Hollanders and underftood by them, that the E-
rafmus (a Ship of the Fleet which left Bantam
at the General’s firft Arrival there in the Dragon )
being very leaky at Sea, and left by the reft,
fleered for the Bland Mauritius ; and there un¬
lading, left the Goods, with twenty-five Perfons
to guard the fame, till they fhould be fent for ;
f the reft of her Company being now in this Ship :
That upon MiuritiuSs there were two Havens, jftnd M,i
one called the North -Weft, lying in fomewhatmius.
lefs than twenty Degrees ; the other, the South-
Eaft, in twenty Degrees fifteen Minutes: That
have done themfelves upon a like Occafion. Was it to be expe&ed they fhould fuffer themfelves to be ruined,
or deflroyed, for ourSakes? Yet many Times foreign Nations are reproached as perfidious upon no better
Grounds.
all
English to the
Cape das A-
igtrllas.
Voyages of the
.50n all Kinds of Refreftiments were there to be had, a
Keeling, as Fifh, Turtles, Manatees, in great Abundance ;
Fowls, infinite; and Goats, newly by them
brought thither, in fome reafonable Number:
Hogs alfo, and the Place very healthful. That
the Ifland is between thirty and forty Leagues in
Circuit ; and the Variation there twenty-one De¬
grees North-Wefting. That they came from
Bantam in May, were a Month getting to Mau¬
ritius, {laid there four Months and half, and had
left it fix Weeks before ; in which Time, for b
feventeen Days, they had contrary Winds.
The twenty-fecond, they were in the Lati¬
tude of thirty-five Degrees twenty-eight Minutes,
and within feven Leagues to the South-Eaft of
Cape das Agullas % which rofe like two Wes : But
coming more thwart, it appeared like three
Wands; two Bays to the North, making three
perfpicuous Points, low, and feeming round.
They founded about feven in theEvening, and had
feventy-feven Fathom Water, oozy Ground, being c
South off the Shore, five Leagues at moft ; and,
as the Author gueffed, newly got ten to the Weft-
ward of the Flats thereabout. He obferved the
Sun’s fetting, and found fm all Variation, having
twenty-eight Degrees and half (South of the W eft)
Azimoth ; their Latitude being about thirty-five
Degrees twenty-fix Minutes.
A Man bound home upon this Coaft, finding
no Weather for Obfervation, either of the Lati¬
tude or Variation, may venture to fail boldly in (
fixty Fathom Water, and fhelly Ground. When
he findeth the Bottom oozy, he will then be very
near Cape das Agullas ; and when he lofeth
Ground at one hundred and twenty tathom Line,
he may conclude, that he hath pall the Laid Cape,
provided he be within the Latitude of thirty-fix
Degrees.
The twenty-third, they fleered all Night,
Weft by North, and Weft North-Weft, with a
frelh Eafterly Gale ; and in the Morning, failed
in Sight of the Land, which was high, about
eight or ten Leagues diftant. About Noon, they
were near the Cape of Good Hope , having ran be¬
twixt Cape das Agullas and it, in feventeen Hours.
v.dVd. They got within three Leagues of the Sugar
gL Hope. Loaf, and flood off and on all Night.
The twenty-eighth, they received by the
Dutch Boat, fix Sheep, (the fatteft the Author
ever faw) from the Ifiand : The Tail of one of
them, was twenty-eight Inches broad, and weigh¬
ed thirty-five Pound. The General had alfo of
the Dutch , a Main- top-fail, (which his Ship was
in extreme Want of) giving them a Note on
the Company, to receive twelve Pound twelve
Shillings for the fame. They were very ready in
other Refpedts, to fupply his Wants. He took
fat Sheep, left on Penguin llland, and fet lean in
their Room : He left a Note alfo there of his Ar-
a In Purchas, Agulhas,
u
EastIndies.
of his Company, as others
birtRknt
ii for Sailing.
Cape c.f
rival, and the State
had done before.
The tenth of January , 1609-10, in the
Morning, hisShipwasunder Sail homeward. Note ,
that all the Time he ftaid there, the Wind had
been Wefterly, and Southerly : And the two for¬
mer Times, that he was there, at the fameSeafon,
it blew Eafterly very ftormy. The twentieth,
they paffed the Southern Tropic, about Noon.
The Dutch came and fupped with him, and he
Ihot three parting Pieces.
The thirtieth, before Day, they faw St. He- jjiand St.
lena, having fleered fixty-fix Leagues Weft in Helena,
that Latitude. They anchored on the North-
Weft Side, a Mile from Shore, North- Weft from
the Chapel, in twenty-two Fathom, fandy Ground.
The llland may lie two hundred and feventy, or
two hundred and eighty Leagues to the \Veft-
ward of the Coaft of Africa, They were obliged
to fleer clofe in under the High-land, to get
Ground ; the Bank being fteep too, and no an¬
choring without.
The ninth of February , they dire^ed their
Courfe homeward ; having received aboard here
for Refrelhing, nineteen Goats, nine Hogs, and
thirteen Pigs.
The fixteenth, they faw the Ille of AJcenfon , Afcenfioi
feven or eight Leagues Weft South-Weft from 1JU.
them. The twenty-eighth, in the Morning, the
Wind being Wefterly, and the Weather pretty
I fair, they fleered with the Dutchman , who had
made a Waft upon his Mizen-maft Head for
them. He told them, that he had but eight or nine
Men Handing, the reft being fick, and forty-fix
dead. It is remarkable, that they who had offered
to fpare the HcSlor ten or twenty Hands, or more,
upon Occafion, {hould drop off in fuch Numbers,
and yet the Englijh {hould all be in good Health,
and not lofe a fingle Man. However, they had
none to fpare, and befides were leaky. Which the
e Dutch being fenfible of, and therefore not ex-
pe dling {he {hould keep them Company, of their
own Accord, defired the Englijh to acquaint fuch
of their Countrymen as they {hould meet, with
their Diftrefs, that they might give them the belt
Affiftance they could : Wherefore, towardsNight,
the General, at the Company’s earneft Requeit,
for many Reafons befides thofe mentioned, held
on his Courfe, and left them, not a little grieved,
that it was not in his Power to help them. La-
f titude forty-five Degrees fix Minutes.
The firft of May , 1610, they had very fair
Weather, Wind South-Weft ; Latitude forty-
nine Degrees and thirteen Minutes. Next Day,
betimes in the Morning, the Wind came at South,
and blew an hard Storm, which put them into
their Fore-courfe. Toward Night, they fpoke
with a Lubecker , who told them, that Sctlly bore
Lift by North from them, thirty-eight Dutch
das Ajhulas, and Dy Aghulas, Miles
u a ' *
*32 v o y A ges of the Engl
1607. Miles, (which make fifty Leagues.) They gave
Middleton, him Notice of the diftreffed Ship. The ninth,
,n the Morning, they had Beachy to the North
tit D.wm, North-Eaft, three Leagues diftant j and about
Sun-fet, anchored in the Downs.
Table of Latitudes.
Sierra Leona Road — — 8° 36' N.
- — - Variation Eaft 1 50
s h to the East Indies.'
Two fmall Iflands — — 23° 37' S.
- Variation Eaft, 15 30 MHdieto
Or, — — 15 26 v—
Ifle near Priaman — — 42
Salt Ifland in Sutida Streights 6 6
No/fa feres Ifle — — — 5 30
Mauritius Ifle, North-Weft 1
Harbour, fomewhat lefs than f 20 00
— — - South-Eaft Harbour J 20 15
CHAP. VI.
The Voyage of Captain David Middleton to Bantam, and the Molukkos,
in 1607.
Jnt reduction,
MR. DAVID M1DDL ETON was Cap¬
tain of the Confent , one of the three Ships
belonging to Captain Keeling’s Fleet : But fetting
out firft, and not meeting with the other two at
the Place of Rendezvous, went on, and perform¬
ed the Voyage alone. The Confent , as we learn
from the Title, was a Ship of one hundred and
fifteen Tons ; and broke Ground from Tilbury
Nope , the twelfth of March , 1606-7.
SECT. I.
Bay of Saldania. Penguin Ifland. Cape of Good
Hope. Madagafkar. Bay of St. Auguftin.
If and Ingana.. Arrives at Bantam. f^Mo-
lukkos. Streights of Bengaya. Plenty of Pro-
vifions. Prefent from the King j who goes
on board ; invites them to land ; and comes to
Bouton. Kindly received by the King: Dines
with him. Vifited by the Princes of the Blood.
King and his Son dines aboard. Lades with
Cloves. Returns to Bantam ; and thence home¬
wards.
Say tf Sal* rri H E fixteenth of July , 1607, they anchor-
JL ed in the Road of Saldania , all their Men
in good Health ; only Peter Lambert , the Day
before, was killed by a Fall off the Top-maft
Head.
The twenty-firft, the Captain and Mafter,
went to Penguin Ifland, three Leagues diftant
from the Road ; where they faw fuch abundance f
of Seals, and Penguins, that it was furprifing :
For you may drive five hundred Penguins in a
Flock, and thoufands of Seals together, upon the
Shore.
The Ifland is not above three Miles long, and
two broad : But, in the Author’s Opinion, there
is not an Ifland in the World more frequented
with Fowl, and Seals, than this: Having, be¬
sides Penguins, wild Geefe, Ducks, Pelicans, and
dania.
Penguin
Ifland.
c divers other Fowl. Having bought fome Cattle,
and refrefhed, about four in the Morning, with
very little Wind, they left the Road of Saldania ,
their Men being in very good Health. They
were loth to depart without the Company of their
Admiral, and Vice-Admiral : But not being cer¬
tain of their Arrival there, direded their Courfe
for St. Laurence.
The thirtieth, calm, till three in the After- Cape of
noon, and then they had a frefh Gale at South Go0(i H(>P!‘
d and by Weft ; and two Watches and a half South-
Eaft: And at ten at Night, the Cape of Good
Hope bore North: All that Night, it blew
very hard, and the Sea was much grown. From
twelve at Night, to twelve next Day, they ran
twenty-nine Leagues. All this Day, they had a
very pleafant Gale, fometimes with Rain ; and
came four Leagues from the Cape.
The firft of Auguf , they had very fair Wea¬
ther, fometimes a Gale, and fometimes calm :
r They fleered two Watches South-Eaft by Eaft,
and three Watches at Eaft by South ; the Wind
variable at South, and South by Eaft, dark Wea¬
ther. The Ship ran about twenty-one Leagues,
and was then in thirty-five Degrees twenty-two
Minutes Latitude.
The twenty-feventh of Auguf , the Wind be- Madagafkar,
ing at North-Weft, they fleered Eaft by South}
and at two o’Clock, faw the Land of St. Lau¬
rence^ or Madagafkar , about fix Leagues off}
then bearing North by Weft, at Noon they ob-
ferved the Latitude to be twenty-four Degrees
forty Minutes; and the Variation at Night, Six¬
teen Degrees twenty-three Minutes.
^HE. thirtieth, at five, Afternoon, they an- Bayo/St,
chored in the Bay of i5>/. Auguf in, in fix Fathom -Auguftto.
and half, large Gravel. They were forced to go
to Leeward, being to Roomwards of the Road,
before they could get in, by Reafon of a great
Breach that lies off the Bay ; and then came in
clofe
Voyages of the Engli
[607. clofe uPon a Tack, having had feven, fix and a
idiikton. half, and five Fathoms all the Way. They came
"-V*^very fair by the Breach, and rid in the Road, with
the Breach and two Iflands in the Wind of them.
The thirty-firft, the Captain, with Mr. Davis ,
went in their Long-boat to view the Iflands ; and
the Author as they went, founded clofe by the
Breach, and had fix Fathoms. One of the Iflands
M is very fmall, like a Bank of Sand ; the other,
about a Mile in Length, and half in Breadth.
There is nothing upon either, but a little Wood in
the latter.
The firfl: of September , they removed three
Leagues from their firfl; Place, within two Miles
of the Mouth of the River, and rid in five Fa¬
thom and half, very firm Ground. It being very
foul where they rid before, they broke one of
their Cables in weighing.
pvetbe The feventh, having provided Wood and Wa-
iK ter, in the Morning, about five, they departed
with a pleafant Gale at Eaft by North. Coming
out, they fteered Weft, and Weft by North, till
they were clear of the Breaches. They brought
to Sea with them, four Goats, three Sheep, and
a young Heifer. They found there great Plenty
both of Sheep, and Beeves, for a fmall Value.
This Day, about three Miles from the Bland, be¬
fore the Bay of St. Augujlin , they obferved the
Latitude twenty-three Degrees forty-eight Mi-
* nutes. After they were clear of the Breach,
which lies to the Northward of the Bland, they
fteered away South South-Weft, and South by
Weft ; fometimes they had very fair Weather,
and a pleafant Gale at South-Eaft by Eaft.
The eleventh, having a frelh Gale at South-
Eaft, and South by Eaft, they ftood into Shore
till Midnight ; and then faw a great Breach,
right a-head, clofe by them ; but hearing the
Rut before they faw it, they tacked, and ftood
off again prefently. At Noon, they found the
Latitude twenty-five Degrees twenty-two Mi¬
nutes.
Id in- The twelfth of November , in the Morning,
they faw an Bland, and bearing with the North
Side, found it to be lngana. It is about five
Leagues in Length, lying Eaft by South, and
Weft by North : The Eaftern End is the higheft
Land; and the Weftern, full of Trees: Its La¬
titude is five Degrees and half; the Variation four
Degrees thirteen Minutes. Having the Wind at
Weft North- Weft, they proceeded, without Hop¬
ping, Eaft and by South, and Eaft South-Eaft ; a
h East Indies. 333
pleafant Gale, but very much Rain. The thir- 1608.
teenth, in the Morning, they had Sight of Su- Miioienn.
matra , about four Leagues diftant. '“‘’''’V"'0
SATURDAY the fourteenth, they anchored
in Bantam Road, about four, Afternoon ; where -
they found the Merchants in very good Health,
and all Things in good Order. Next Day, the
Captain went afhore, and fpoke with Mr. Towr-
fon a, concerning the Ship’s Bufinefs ; and agreed
to have the Iron and Lead, which they brought,
carried aftiore. After this, having refitted their
Ship, and taken in their Goods, and Merchants,
for the Molukkos , they fet Sail the fixth of De¬
cember , with little Wind ; and coming out of the
Road, anchored that Night in Sight of the High¬
land of Bantam. Next Morning, they proceed¬
ed with a fair Wind, pafling many Iflands, and
funken Ground. Some Nights they failed, and
other fome lay a-hull : Rain, Thunder, and
Lightning, were no Novelties with them in thofe
Parts.
The Beginning of January, they arrived at-r&Moluk-
the Molukkos : The reft of this Month, and allkos.
the next, was fpent in mutual Entertainments
with the Spaniards , and Molukko Princes. The
Reafon was, the Spaniards durft not permit them
to trade, till the Camp-Mafter had given Leave ;
and he would not grant it, unlefs the Englijh , in
thofe Broils betwixt him and the Hollanders , would
do, or feem to do them fome Piece of Service, at
leaft, by accompanying their Ships for greater
Shew : Which the Captain abfolutely refufed to
do, as being againft his Commiflion. Mean while,
they carried on a private Trade with the People
by Night ; and in the Day, made merry with the
Spaniards. In the Beginning of March , they
were allowed an open Trade: But within a few
Days, this Licence was countermanded again, and
they were ordered to depart. Accordingly, March
the fourteenth, they weighed Anchor, and fet Sail,
trading a little by the Way b.
The twenty-third of March , 1608, having Streigbti of
entered theStreights of Bangaya , where the Cap-B<mgaya*
tain propofed to take in Water, there came an
Indian in a Praw, haftily from the Illand, to the
Ship; who being afked the Queftion, undertook
to bring them to a very Water: Whereupon, they
ftood over for the Eaft Shore, and anchored
about one, Afternoon, in fixty Fathom Water ;
where there runs a very cruel Current. Here,
while they were fitting out the Boat with Cafk,
the Indian fold fome frelh Filh for China Dilhes,
3 Left chief Faftor there by Scot. See p. 305 d. b All this Paragraph is printed in Italics in Purchas ,
who, at the End thereof, informs his Reader, that this Part of the Journal being long, he had omitted it, (or
rather contra&ed it into thofe few Lines) as elfewhere he lays he had done in thofe Things, which he thought
might be tedious. The Misfortune is, he hath often thought thofe Matters tedious, which, in Fa<ft, were molt
ufeful, if not entertaining.
very
334
i6oS.
Middleton.
Plenty of
Provifiont.
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
very cheap. At Night, their Men brought W ater ; a he fhould fee great Store of Pearl, and any Thing 1 608
but had a wearifome Talk of it, being five Miles he had to fell; adding, that becaufe the Place Midiietoi
was unknown to him, he would fend a Pilot to
bring him thither.
The Captain, and Fa&or, upon confidering invite, tbe
the Matter, thought bell to accept of the k\ndt,lani'
'diftant from the Place where they rode.
The twenty-fourth, in the Morning, they
went again for more Water : By Day-break, the
Wanders of both Sexes, came with above one
Prefent frem
the King.
Who goes on
hoard.
hundred Praws, and brought Plenty of very good Offer, efpecially, as it was nothing out of the
Fifh, both dry and frefh ; alfo Poultry, and Hogs, Way to Bantam ; and prefented him a Mufket*
great and fmall, which they fold for coarfe white a Sword, and a Pintado, with Thanks, for vouch-
Cloth, and China Difhes, all very cheap. They fafing to come aboard. The King made Anfwer,
brought alfo Plantans, CafTathoe Roots, and di- b that he had not any Thing then about him, worth
vers other Fruits. The Ship was crouded with beftowing on the Captain ; but that he would re-
them all Day ; fo that the Men fometimes were quite his Kindnefs before his Departure: And in
not able to ftir for them. the mean Time, entreated him to accept of two
I n the Afternoon, the King fent the Captain Pieces of their Cloth, which he received with
fome Plantans, and Irea Pote , to drink ; a kind
of Water called by that Name. The Captain re¬
turned the King Thanks ; and to requite his Kind¬
nefs, fent him a rich Pintado. Then the Mef-
fenger, and all the reft, departed. About ten at
many Thanks. About three in the Afternoon,
the King took his Leave of the Captain, promi-
fing presently to fend him a Pilot, who accord¬
ingly came aboard ; and at Night, fent a Caricol
to fee if they wanted any Thing, and bear them
Night, in weighing Anchor, they broke theFlooks c Company to Buttone , with a Goat for the Cap-
of both their Starboard Anchors. Then failing
away, with very little Wind, at length they man¬
ned their Long-boat, and towed the Ship all
Night : For otherwife, they had been driven in
this Calm to Leeward, more than they fhould
have made up again in three Days, without a frefh
Gale of Wind, the Current runs fo ftrong there.
The nineteenth of Slpril, the King of But¬
tone a fent one of his Brothers again, to know,
tain. Then they flood away with a fmall Gale ;
but at Night it was calm, and the Tide againft
them : So they came to Anchor in twenty-two
Fathom Water, becaufe they could not drive
to Leeward ; and in the Morning weighed again.
The twenty-firft, about ten o’ Clock, the
Purfer (who had been fent afhore the Day before)
returned aboard with Hens, and Cocoas, and told
them, that the Indians had carried him to a King,
whether the Captain was willing he fhould come d who was very glad of his Coming, becaufe he
aboard: Being very defirous to fee both him, and
the Ship ; becaufe he had heard much of Eng-
lijhmen , but never faw any. The Captain fent
him Word, that he fhould think himfelf much
honoured by his Prefence. Soon after the King
came off in his Caricol, rowed at leaft by an hun¬
dred Oars: It carried fix Brafs Guns; and had
on board about four hundred Men with Arms.
He was attended by five Caricols more, which had
was the firft Englishman he had ever feen. The
Purfer found him drinking, and caroufing with
his Nobles ; and the Room hanged about with
Heads of Aden, whom he had flain in War. Af¬
ter fome little Stay, he took his Leave, and came
to the Caricol again, aboard which he lay all that
Night. This Night, the Ship anchored in twenty
Fathom Water, the Place not half a Mile broad.
The twenty-fecond, in the Morning, there Come to I
at leaft a thoufand Men in them. The Captain e being very little Wind, fhe was towed by her10"6’
having fent Francis Kelly the Surgeon, as a Pledge,
which he demanded for his Security, he came
aboard; where the Captain courteoufiy received,
and treated him with a Banquet of Sweet- meats.
After which, he demanded what the King had
to fell : He replied, that he had Pearl, Tortoife-
Shells, and Cloth, made in the Country, (as they
fuppofed) of Cotton ftriped : But as he came [into
that Part of the Ifiand] only upon a Party of
Long-boat through the Streights ; and as the Tide
was with her, fhe made fuch Way, that about
eleven, they came to Anchor in twenty-five Fa¬
thoms Water, about a Mile and half from But-
tone , where they waited the King’s coming: But
he came not that Night. Here they fent their
Boat afhore, and bought frefh Fifh for their Com¬
pany.
The twenty-third, about one in the Afternoon,
Pleafure, and did not think to have met with any f the King came up under their Stern, attend-
Ship, he had brought none with him; yet that if the ed by about forty Caricols, and rowed round the
Captain pleafed to go to the Town of Buttone , Ship, very gallantly fet forth with her Colours
(which was about a Day and Night’s failing thence) and Pendants. After this, they rowed towards
1 By Buttone, mull: be underflood the Ifiand above-mentioned : But it not having been named before, as this
PafTage fuppofes it was, fomething probably has been omitted by the Abridger, that ought to have been left in.
Buttone , or Bouton , is an Ifiand near the South Eaft End of the Eland Celebes, or Selebes.
the
i dly re
iUdby,
id dine i
■b tb*
S' '
filed by
'inert of
Blood .
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
the Town j and the Captain complimented him a defirousto fee a little Dancing; whereupon fome
with a Volley of Mufkets, and all his Ordnance : of the Sailors danced before him, and he was
Then caufing his Long-boat to be manned, he well pleafed, both with their Performance, and
went accompanied with Mr .Siddall, (their Fac- the Mufic. At Night, the King’s TT"''lp f'*nf
tor) and his Followers, to Buttone. The King the_Captain four fat Hogs
335
1608.
M’.adlctj
Uncle fent
likewife welcomed the Captain with his great
and fmall Shot, affirming, that his Heart was now
at reft, fince he had feen the Englijh ; promifing
to do the Captain all the Kindnefs that lay in his
Power. The Captain having returned his hum-
The twenty-feventh, the King of an adjacent
Ifland came in his Caricol, with his Wife, and
viewed their Ship: But they could not entreat
him to come aboard.
Their Ship being fully laden with Cloves, Lade with
ble Thanks, for that Time took his Leave ; and b bought in this Place of the Javans, the Captain C'ovu,
nyand
1 dim
Sard,
in the Morning weighed, and anchored in about
twenty-feven f athoms of Water, half a Mile from
Shore.
Thf. twenty-fourth, in the Morning, there
came aboard, a Javan Nakhada *, who had a Junk
in the Road, laden with Cloves, from Amboyna :
Mr. Siddall talked with him ; and he offered the
Captain his whole Cargo.
The King invited the Captain to take Part of
his Dinner, entreating him to bear with the <
homely Fafhion of his Country: For their Meat
was ferved up in great wooden Platters, clofe co¬
vered with Cloths. The King, the Captain, and
Mr. Siddall , dined together : There was Plenty
of Victuals, and their Drink was Jera Pole b,
which is very fweet and pleafant ; and the King
was very merry. After Dinner, he had fome
Talk about the Cloves they were to have had ;
and promifed to come aboard himfelf next Day,
or fend fome one of his Attendants, to fee a
Mufter of all his Cloth: Then the Captain ex¬
prefling great Thanks, took his Leave.
The twenty-fifth, the King’s Uncle came
aboard, to fee their Ship, and was kindly enter¬
tained. After him, came the King’s Brother,
and ftayed to dinner with the Captain ; and then
took his Leave. The King himfelf came not
as they expedled, but fent his Son and the Pilot,
who had a View of the Cloth, which they liked
very well.
The twenty-fixth, the King and his Son came
aboard, and dined with the Captain, and had
plentiful Cheer : The King was very merry, and
purchafed fome Slaves of the King; one of whom,
while they were bufy this Night, ftole out of the
Captain’s Cabbin Door, and leaping into the Sea,
fwam afliore. Next Morning, the Captain fent
Auguftine Spalding , their JurabaJJa , to acquaint
the King therewith ; who prefently fent him an¬
other. May the fecond, having given the Town
of Buttone three Pieces of Ordnance for a Fare¬
well, they fet Sail for their wifhed for Port of Return n
t> J Bintam,
Bantam.
The third, they had Sight of the Streights of
Celebes ; and, the twenty-fecond, anchored in the
Road of Bantam. They found not one European
Ship in the Road; but there were four Junks,
which came from China , with Taftatas, Da-
mafks, and divers other Merchandizes.
The fifteenth of July, 1608, the Captain, Andtleru
and Merchants, having dispatched their Bufinefs, bome-wanit.
took their Leaves, and fet Sail homewards, to
their native Country England , after their long
and tedious Voyage. And to avoid the Reader’s
like long and tedious Voyage, (fays the Author
or Collector) the reft of this Voyage homewards,
is omitted ; and inftead thereof we have inferted
a Table of the Journal of this Ship from the
Lizard to Bantam , as it was fet forth by John
Davis c.
Latitudes.
Ifle before St. Augujlin Bay —
lngana Ifle — — — — •
— - - Variation — —
23°
5
4
48' S.
30
*3
* In Purchas, the Word is Nokeyday. b Before called Irea Pote. c But we meet with no fuch
Table in Purchas , nor is any Reafon affigned, why it was omitted, after having been faid to be inferted : Whence
many may imagine their Books to be imperfect. The Davis , mentioned here and before in this Relation, we
fuppofe to be the lame, who went with Sir Edward Michelburne , and publifhed fome nautical Directions,
been already obferved, p. 306 b.
as
hath
CHAP.
336
l6o8.
Sharpey.
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
CHAP. VII.
tfhe Voyage of Captain Alexander Sharpey, in 1608 ;
Being the fourth fet out by the Eaft India Company .
1608
Sharpey.
Written by Captain Robert Coverte.
Introdufiion, T N this Voyage there were employed two large z
JL Ships : The Afcenfion , Admiral, commanded
by Alexander Sharpey , General ; and the Union ,
Vice-Admiral, Captain Richard Rowles , Lieute¬
nant-General. As thefe Veflels feparated near
the Cape of Good Hope , and the Afcenfion was call
away in the Bay of Kambaya , fo they may be
faid to have made two different Voyages j of
which we meet with diftindt Relations.
There are extant two Accounts of the
Voyage of the Afcenfion : One written by Cap- t
tain Robert Coverte , which we defign to give
the Reader, in this Place ; the other by Tho¬
mas Jones , which follows it. There was a
third written by Henry Moris, at Bantam , from
the Mouth of William Nichols , one of the Sail¬
ors : But the Voyage Part having been the fame
in Subftance with Jones’s , Purchas omitted it j
and only inferted his Travels by Land, from Su¬
rat acrofs the Country to A lafulipatan, in the
Bay of Bengal , which claims a Place among the
Travels: Although his Remarks on the Road,
as well as his Voyage from thence to Bantam , are
comprized in a very few Words.
Captain Coverte s Relation is not inferted
in Purchas’ s Collection, who omitted it, becaufe,
as he tells us, it was in Print a. But this is a
very inefficient Reafon, fince he has inferted
many others, which were in Print before ; and
few Tradts had a better Title than the Captain’s,
taking the whole together. However de Bry knew
the Value of it, and gave a Latin Tranflatior.,
with Cuts, in his Colledtion b, divided into
Chapters j the Original being printed in one con¬
tinued Narrative. It is true, Purchas has made
an Extradt from it in his Pilgrimage c ; but it is
a very imperfeCt one, and that only of his Tra¬
vels by Land.
This Voyage (printed at London , 1612, in
-Quarto, black Letter) contains fixty-eight Pages,
befides the Dedication and Title d, which take up
four more. It is dedicated to Robert , Earl of
Salisbury , Lord High Treafurer of England . But
there is nothing in the Dedication worth taking
Notice of, farther than that he tells his Patron,
that after the Wreck of the Afcenfion , in Kam -
baya , and getting alhore with feventy-four more,
he was the only Man among them, who would
venture fo defperate an Undertaking, as to travel
home by Land ; and that every thing he relates
is true : Protejling, that he fpeaks of nothing but
what he had feen, or fuffered. His Preface, of
about twenty Lines, is only for Form’s Sake ;
wherein he recommends his Relation, on account
of its Sincerity.
We (hall, in this Place, abftraCI only the Au¬
thor’s Voyage to Kambaya ; and inftead of his
Journey home through India, Perfia, and Tur-
ky , (which will be inferted among the Travels)
fhall give Jones’s Account of his own Return
: from Kambaya to England , by Sea.
This Voyage lays Claim to two Difcoveries,
that of the Great Mogul’s Country, as appears
from the Author’s Title; (although Captain Haw-
kins had gotten the Start of him) the other, the
Difcovery of the Red-Sea, by the Afcenfion , as is
mentioned in the Title to Jones’s Relation, in
- Purchas,
■ SEC T. I.
They come to the Canaries. Take in Provifions.
Mayo. Bay of Saldanna. Inhabitants beafly .
Lofe the Union and Pinnace. Komoro If and s.
The King’s Courtefy. The General lands. King’s
State. The Inhabitants kind and honejl. Their
Drefs. Provifions plenty.
HE fourteenth of March , 1607, weigh-TSe Cana
ing Anchor at Woolwich , they came intones*
the Downs , over-againft Deal, three Miles from
a Purchas' s Pilgr. vol. 1 . p. 235. b ivdia Orient. Part XL p. 1 1. c Lib. V. c. 7. fed. c.
P- 2 59- d Hie title runs thus, A true aud almoji incredible Report of an Englilhman, that being call
anxay in the good Ship called the Afcenfion, in Cambaya, {thefartheft Part of the Eaft Indies) travelled by Land
through many unknown Kingdoms , and great Cities. With a particular Defcription of all thofe Kingdoms, Cities ,
and People : As alfo a Relation of their Commodities, and Manner of Traff.que ; and at what Seafons of the Tear they
art mof in JJfe Faithfully related. With a Difcovery of a great Emperor, called the Great Mogul, a Prince
nvt till now known to our Englifh Nation. By Captain Robert Coverte. London, Printed by William Hall, for
4 hgmas Archer, and Richard Redmer, 1612.
Sandwich ,
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
337
r6b8. Sandwich, where they flayed till the twenty-fifth, a
iharpey. or fiift Day of the Year i6©8, and failed to
Plymouth : V'hich leaving on the thirty-firft,
with a fair Gale, they arrived at the Salvages ,
about five hundred Leagues from thence, on the
tenth oi April ; and next Morning came in
Sight of the Grand Canaries .* Calling Anchor
the twelfth at Night, they fired a Gun for a
Boat to come aboard : But the Spaniards appre¬
hending. they were Part of a Squadron of twelve
Ships of Flemmings, who were reported to be b
coming that Way ; inftead of fending any Per-
fon to them, fent into the Country for a Body
of one hundred and fifty Horfe and Foot to de¬
fend the Place : N#r would they be perfuaded o-
therwife, till two of the Factors went on Shore,
and acquainted the Spaniards , that they were
Englijh Ships, which had touched there only to
take in fome Neceffaries.
inilhCtfH- Next Morning (as the Manner there is) they
(hot off another Piece of Ordnance, and then c
the Governor of the "Town fent a Boat to know
what they wanted ; which having acquainted
him with, the Anfwer was, that unlefs they
came into the Road, it was not in his Power to
relieve them. Yet the Faftors having been ex¬
amined on Oath, as to the Truth of the Mat¬
ter, had a Warrant granted them for a Boat to
go aboard the Ships at Pleafure, and fupply their
Wants. What they moft wondered at, was the
Behaviour of thofe on board two Ships in the d
Road (known by their Flags to be Englijh who
had not the Kindnefs to apprize them of the
Cuftoms of thofe fubtil currijh People , as the Au¬
thor calls the Spaniards. On this Occafion he
farther remarks, that if a Ship lie out of the
Road, no Perfon, though of the fame Nation it
belongs to, {hall go on board it, without Leave
of the Governor and Council.
Ae in Pro . During the five Days the General continu-
ed there, fome of them went on board every e
Day, and eat and drank with the Englijh after
an infatiable Manner. The Governor had alfo
a Prefent of two Cheefes, a Gammon of Bacon,
and five or fix Barrels of pickled Oyftcrs, which
he accepted of very thankfully ; and, in Return,
fent them two or three Goats and Sheep, with
Plenty of Onions. There they took-in frefh
Water, Canary, Marmalade of Quinces, at twelve
Pence the Pound ; little Barrels of Sockets, at
three Shillings the Barrel ; Oranges, Lemons, f
Pomecitrons, and excellent white Bread, made
with Annifeeds, by them called Nuns Bread.
The eighteenth of April , about ieven in the
Morning, they fet Sail, with a iair Gale, which
Mtr to
Jays,
in three Hours falling, they hovered to and fro 1608.
till the twenty-firft ; and’ then a brifk Wind sharper,
lpringing up, the twenty-feventh, about two ork/'V'NJ
three° in the Afternoon, they anchored at Mayo ,
about three hundred Leagues from the Canaries.
They determined to take in frefti Water at a
Place called Bonavijla ; but having anchored,
found it to be two or three Miles up in the Land,
and not clear, fo that they took the lefs. But
there were other good Commodities. At their
Arrival, they were told by two Negros, that they
might have as many Goats as they would, gra¬
tis* and accordingly they had about two hun¬
dred, for both Ships. They told them alfo, that
there were but twelve Men in the Ifland ; and
that there was great Plenty of Salt growing out
of the Ground ; fo that (if they pleafed) they
might lade both their Ships. The Author fays
it was excellent white Salt, and as clear as ever
he faw any in England.
Fight Leagues from Mayo is the Bland St.
Dcago \ The fourth of May , at fix in the
Morning, they left Mayo ; and about the fame
Hour on the twentieth, palled the Line, about
three hundred forty-eight Leagues diftant, as the
Mailer, Philip de Grove , fet down in his Jour-
naJ#
The fourth b of July , they came to Souldania , Bay of Sal-
with all their Men in Health, except two, whodanRa*
were touched a little with the Scurvy, but foon
recovered on Shore. The fame Day they had
Sight of the Cape of Good Hope , fifteen or fixteen
Leagues from thence.
At Souldania they refrefhed themfelves ex¬
cellently well, and took-in about four hundred
Head of Cattle, as Oxen, Steers, Sheep, Lambs,
and Fowls; with Plenty of various Filh, and
frelh Water. At an Bland, called Penguin , five or
fix Leagues from Land, is Abundance of bowls
of that° Name, and infinite Numbers of Seals:
With thefe latter they filled their Boat twice,
and made Train-Oil for Lamps. They took
hence alfo twenty fat Sheep, (left there by the
Hollanders , for c a Pinnace, which they met two
hundred Leagues from the Cape ot Good Hope)
and left fix Bullocks in their Steads.
At firft coming hither they began to fet
up their Pinnace, launching her the fifth of Sep¬
tember, and in feven or eight Days after, (he was
rieged, and ready to fail.
Th e Inhabitants at Souldania are a very beaft-M«fc am
ly People, efpecially in their Feeding: For the--W
Author had feen them eat the Guts and Garbage,
Dung and all : Nay, the Seals which the Englijh
had' call into the River, after lying there for
3 Or Sant Jago.
c In the Original, Pinttis.
Vo t. I. N° 16.
b Afterwards it is faid to have been on tlie fourteenth. Jm,t &ys on the thirteenth.
X x
fourteen
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
1608. fourteen Days, they have taken up and eaten ;
Sharpey. although they were putrified, and fwarmed with
L/’"V*NJ Maggots, as well as flunk molt intolerably.
They faw here divers Sortsof wild Beafts, fome
of which were fo very fierce, that when they
found their Dens, they durft neither enter, nor
come very near them for Fear.
The Natives brought down to the Shore, Ef-
tridges Eggs, and fome empty Shells, with a
fmall Hole in one End 3 ; alfo Feathers of the
fame Bird, and Porcupines Quills, in Exchange
for their Commodities. They chiefly defire Iron,
efteeming old Pieces of it more than either Gold
or Silver.
Lfe tie U- The twentieth of September early, they fet
pinnace! an^ t^iat Night being very dark and windy,
loft: the Union , and their Pinnace, called the Good
Hope ; about five in the Evening the Union put
out her Enfign ; to what Intent they could not
imagine, but all that Night lay at hull.
Next Day they proceeded, and having met
with various Changes of Winds, and often Calms,
Ottober the twenty-feventh, came into twenty-fix
Degrees, the Height of St. Laurence. Holding
on their Courfe, with the fame Sort of Weather,
on the twer.ty-fecond of November , in the Morn¬
ing, they defer ied two or three fmall Iflands j
Komoro and, in the Afternoon, another, called Komora b,
Jjknds. a very high Land. The twenty-fourth, having
fent their Boat afhore, they met with five or fix
Men of that Country, who fold them Plantains.
Next Day they fent the Boat again ; but a
little before fhe got to the Shore, efpying a Ca¬
noe, with two Men in it, fifhing, they went be¬
tween them and the Shore : However not caring
to take them by Force, they fhewed them a Knife
or two, which allured them into the Boat. They
then brought them aboard the Ship, and ufed
them very kindly, giving one a Turban to put
on his Head ; and to the other, a little Glafs, of
a quarter of a Pint, full of Aquavitae, after which
they fent them afhore. The twenty-fifth, by
Help of their Pinnace f the Wind hitherto fail¬
ing) which towed the Ship between the two
Blands, adjoining to the Shore, they came to an
Anchor in the Evening, in between feventeen
and twenty Fathom Water.
Vb* King's The twenty-fixth, they fent their Boat afhore
Cturtejy. with a prefent to the King, by Mr. Jordan, their
Fa&or ; who went himfelf alone with it, leaving
only a Filedge or two in the Boat. It confided
of a Pair of Knives, and a Safh or Turban,
with a Looking-glafs and Comb ; the whole in
Value about fifteen Shillings: Which the King
received fomewhat fcornfully, and, fcarce look¬
ing on it, gave it to one of his Noblemen. How¬
ever he told the Bearer, that if the General jfo
would come afhore, he fhould have any thing the Sharpe
Country afforded ; and bowed towards him in a ■“ v"
very courteous Manner, at his taking Leave. It
is probable, that after Jordan came away, the
King perufed the Prefent better: For in the Af¬
ternoon he fent the General a very fat young
Bullock. The Meflengers were gratified with a
Couple of Penny Knives; with which they thought
themfelves royally rewarded. Next Day the Ge- qie Gm
neral went, attended with twelve others, zn&landi,
carried a fmall Banquet ; as a Box of Marmalade,
a Barrel of Suckets, and fome Wine. Of thefe
they eat before the King, who touched no¬
thing; but his Nobles did both eat and drink..
After the Banquet, the General had fome Dif-
courfe with the King, by his Interpreter, con¬
cerning their Wants ; by whom the Englijh un-
derftood, that the Inlanders had fome Dealings
with the Portuguese, of whofe Language he could
fpeak a little.
The twenty-eighth, the King had determin¬
ed to go aboard the Afcenfion ; but his Interpreter
told the General, that his Council and common
People would not fuffer him. Towards Night
Captain Coverte went afhore where the Sailors
were cutting Wood, and returned with the
Boat.
The twenty- ninth the Author went afhore ^
again, with the Mafter, Mr. Tindall, Mr. Jordan, Stluf
and all the Trumpeters : They were very kindly
received at the Water-fide, by the Interpreter,
who brought them to the King. He was then
near his Palace, and, at their Approach, very
courteoufly bowed himfelf. He had for his Guard
when he walked abroad, fix or eight Men, with
Knives of a Foot long, as broad as Hatchets,
and very fharp, who went next his Perfon ;
feveral alfo went before, and many behind him,
for his Defence.
These People feem to be civil, kind and Pt'tlelh
honeft to Strangers: Fora Sailor having left his and kor1^
Sword behind him, one of the Inhabitants found
it, and brought it to the King ; who perceiving
it belonged to fome of the Strangers, told him,
that if it appeared he came by it otherwife than
as he declared, he fhould be put to Death. Next
Day, at their going afhore, the King’s Interpre¬
ter brought the Sword, and told them what his
Majefty faid upon the Occafion.
Th e y feem likewife to have a very good Form
of Government amongft them ; for at their meet¬
ing in the Morning, they fhake Hands, and fpeak
one to another, which the Englijh took for friend¬
ly Salutations. They are very modeft and ftrait ;
with big Limbs, and of a very comely Gefture,
3 For Conveniency of hanging them up. b In the Original, Gotnora.
both
lir Drefs.
Voyages of the English
both Men and Women. They are Mohammedans
in Religion, and goalmoft naked ; only they wear
urbans on their Heads, and cover their Privi¬
ties with a Piece of Linen.
The Women wear a Piece of Linen before, demanded in Portugueze^
that covereth their Breaft,
ovijim
hr*'
and reacheth to the
Middle : From the Middle to a little below the
Knee, another Piece goes round them ; and a-
bout their Waift Sedges are tied, like a Rowl,
which hang down, and become them very well.
They go all barefoot, except the King, who I
wears a Sort of Sandals. For his Apparel, he
had on a white wrought net-work Cap, a fcarlet
Veft, with Sleeves, but loofe about him, and
open before. He had alfo a Piece of Linen
round his Middle, and another which hung down
from his Shoulders to his Feet.
When the Englijh were at the Town, they
brought them Cocoa Nuts to fell, of feveral Sizes,
fome as big as a Man’s Head. Each had within a
Quantity of Water, in Proportion to its Large-
nefs ; and as much Meat as would fuffice for a
Man’s Dinner. They brought alfo Goats, Hens,
Chickens, Lemons, Rice, Milk, Fifh, and
fuch like: Which the Englijh bought for Com¬
modities, as two Hens for a penny Knife; Le¬
mons and Cocoa Nuts, for Nails, broken Pikes,
and fuch-like old Iron. But frefh Water is
fcarce ; and what they have is gotten out of the
Sands, in this Manner : They make a Hole, and
as fail as the Water fprings, they lade it out in¬
to their Cocoa Shells, and fo drink it. They
brought fome of it to the Englijh : But none of
them would drink thereof, it looked fo thick
and muddy.
SECT. II.
Narrow Efcape. Jjland Pemba. They land. Some
Moors come aboard. Profefs great Friendjhip.
Seem Foes to the Portugueze. King's Brother
goes on board. Signs of Treachery. An Ambuf-
cade. They Jet on the Englifh.
TH E twenty-ninth of November , they left
Komoro. The tenth of December , about
two or three in the Morning, they efpied on a
fudden a low Land, about a League off, with
high Trees by the Shore: But for which they
fhould have taken the Land for the Shadow of
the Moon (which then fhone) and fo might have
been caft away before they perceived the Dan¬
ger.
'snd Pen- This they rook to be Zanjibar a, till by one
of the Natives they were informed it was Pemba.
On Sight thereof, they prefently tacked about ;
and at Day-break ftood-in again with the Shore,
along which they veered for a Harbour to anchor
narrow
cape.
to the East Indies. 339
a in. Mean Time they fent a Gang, with the i6oS*
Pinnace and Mafter Elmore , to feck for a conve- Sharpey
nient Watering-place. The Pinnace being got-'
ten to Shore, two or three of the Inhabitants
who they were ? And
being told Englijhmen ; they afked again what
they had to do there, fince the Iiland belonged to
the King of Portugal ? Anfwer was made, that
they knew not fo much, nor came with any De-
fign but to get Water. As it drew towards
Night, the Boat returned. Next Day the Boat
went afhore to the fame Place ; but finding no
People, returned. Prefently after, the Ship came
to Anchor, about five or fix in the Afternoon,
near two or three broken Iflands (clofe by Pem¬
ba) in the Height of five Degrees, twenty Mi¬
nutes.
The twelfth, the Pinnace 'went on Shore to They Uni,
the fame Place with Mr. Jordan , where he talk¬
ed with fome who fpoke Portugueze , but feemed
not to be the fame with the former ; for they
faid the King was a Mallabar. Mr. Jordan told
them, that although the Ship was Englijh , yet he
was a Portugueze Merchant, and the Goods were
Portugueze. Then they faid he fhould want for
nothing, and hereupon fent a Moor with them
to look for a convenient Watering-place; who,
after fome little Search, brought them to afmall
Hole at the Bottom of a Hill, between it and a
Ditch. Having filled their Borrachios, they car¬
ried the Moor on board ; and next Day, going to
w'ater, fet him on Shore. The Report of his
kind Ufage brought down another, who could MoorJ cmt
fpeak a little Portugueze , and faid he was one o (aboard.
the King’s Gentlemen. He alfo went aboard,
and was well treated. At his landing, next Day,
he promifed to bring them Hens, Cocoa-Nuts,
and Oranges ; which he performed. Cap¬
tain Coverte , with the Mafter, Mr. Revet , and
fome others, went afhore, where they dined.
: After Dinner came two Cavaliers, and a Moor-
Slave, to the Watering-place, where the Men
were filling the Cafk, and afked. Whether any
of the chief Perfons of the Ship were there ?
Edward Churchman made Anfwer, That the
Mafter and one of the Merchants was on Shore,
whom (if they pleafed) he would bring to fpeak
with them. At their Meeting, they faluted each Profefs gnat
other after the Portugueze Fafhion. After fome Friendfiip.
Difcourfe, the Moors demanded who they were ?
And being told Englijhmen , they replied, that they
were very welcome, and that all which the Ifland
could afford was at their Command. The Englijh
returned hearty Thanks, but foon found, that thofe
fugared Words were only to cloak their treache¬
rous Defigns.
They demanding, in their Turn, who the
3 Or Zevjibar. In the Original, Zinzibar .
X X 2
others
340 Voyages c/ A Engli
1608. others were ? It was anfwered, that one of them a
Sharpey. was the King’s Brother, who inftantly fliewed
them a Silver Ring, whereon was engraven the
Number of Villages and Houles in the Ifland ;
and faid he was Governor of all thofe Places.
Then the Englijh afked them, If there were any
Portugueze in the Bland ? They faid, No: tor
that they had banifned them, becaufe they would
have Relief there per Force, and would make
Slaves of the People : Which not being able to
endure, they bad continual War with them from b
the Time of their firft coming thither.
SemFotito Mean time the Pinnace came to them, which
*' uefe°ItU* ^ad keen at another Place of the Bland for Cattle,
according to Appointment ; but was put off, till
they could find an Opportunity to execute their
intended Treachery. Thofe in the Pinnace told
the reft, that they had heard, at the Place where
they had been, that fifteen Sail of Hollanders had
lately taken Mozambik , and put all the Portu¬
gueze to the Sword. At this News (which came c
from Zanjibar ) the Cavaliers feemed to rejoice ;
which was another fubtil Train to bring them
into the Snare. When Night drew on, they
entreated the Moors to go aboard, which then
they declined ; but promifed they would next
Tte King's Day. Accordingly, December feventeenth, the
Brotbir King’s Bother (as he called himfelf) came with
two others, having had Thomas Cave , Gabriel
Brooke , and Laurence Pigot , their Surgeon, for
Pledges. They were entertained very handfomely. d
Next Morning, the General gave the Chief of
of them two Goats, with a Cartridge of Gun¬
powder ; and fome other fmall Trifles to the other
two. MefT. Revet , Jordan , Glafcock , and the
Author, went afhore with them for the Pledges ;
and at their landing, with three or four more,
ventured unadvifedly up totheHoufes: Where
they found their Pledges guarded by fifty or fixty
Men, armed with Bows and Arrows, Swords and
Bucklers, Darts and CutlafTes ; yet they were de- e
livered to them. After which, they immediate¬
ly departed, accompanied with the King’s Bro¬
ther. Moft of the Moors followed them, and fix
or eight of them came to the Pinnace-fide ; and
having viewed her, returned to the reft.
Gm inboard. The Englijh inftantly entered the Boat; and,
at their Invitation, the King’s Brother readily
went aboard with them ; where he was enter¬
tained with as much Courtefy as before. Towards
Night, the Mafter offered him a Knife, with f
* fome other odd Trifles, which he fcornfully re-
fufed, and prefently went afhore in their Boat.
This gave them fome Miftruft, and therefore they
refolved to be better armed the next Time they
went afhore.
The nineteenth, the long Boat went afhore
very early in the Morning for Water ; and having
filled the Cafk, they efpied the Ship, with her
5 h to the East Indies.
Sails out, being let down to dry: But the Moors i6q£
imagining they were going away, the Compa- Sharpe;
nion to the King’s Brother came to the Boat-1— *v
fwain, and afked the Queftion. The Boatfwain,
as well as he could, both by Signs and otherwife, ^
let him know, it was only to dry the Sails. While
they flood talking, they perceived the Pinnace
coming, being then very well armed, and fo left
off making any farther Enquiry. Plad not the
Pinnace appeared at that Juncture, the Author
believes they then intended to have cut off their
Men, and taken their Boat: For tw'O of thefe
Rogues, at leaft, lay concealed about theWatering-
place, ready to have made the Onfet, if the
Watch-word had been given. The Pinnace fil¬
ing come to Shore, and the Men ftanding on
their Guard upon the Sands, not far from her,
the Mafter fent Nicholas White to tell thofe of the
Bland, that their Merchants were landed. White An Anh
palling by one of their Houfes, perceived it to be cadt'
full of People ; and amongft the reft, fix Portu¬
gueze in long branched Damafk Coats, lined with
blue Taffata, and under the fame white Callico
Breeches. Prefently after, the Companion to the
King’s Brother came and told Mr. Revety that
the Merchants [of the Bland] were weary, and
therefore entreated the Englijh to go up to them,
to fee the Cattle. Now thefe Cattle was only one
Bullock, which White faw, and no more : But
Mr. Revet defired to be excufed, and preffed him
to fend down the Bullock, faying, there were
Goods enough in the Boat to pay for it. With
this Anfwer, he went away. The King’s Bro¬
ther being then on the Sands, commanded a Ne¬
gro to gather Cocoa-Nuts to fend to the General,
and made Choice of Edward Churchman to fetch
the fame ; whom they never faw, nor heard of
after. When they found, that none of the Eng- Set upon 1
lijh would land, but flood upon their Guard, they
gave the Watch- word ; and founding a Horn,
prefently fet upon their Men at their Watering-
place, and flew John Harrington , the Boatfwain’s
Man, and grievoufly wounded Robert Buckler ,
Mr. Ellanor s Man, in eight or ten Places : Nay,
had killed him too, but that a Mufket or two
was difcharged from the Boat, which (as it feem¬
ed) hurt fome of them : For then they retired,
and cried out. Buckler (though weak and faint)
at length got up to the reft : Likewife two or
three more of the Men, by creeping and lying
clofe. in the Ditch, till they fpied the Boat, got
alfo fafe aboard.
The twentieth, in the Morning, going on And Jiojt .
Shore, with the Pinnace and long Boat, very
well armed, to fetch in their Davy, (which is a
Piece of Wood or Timber wherewith they hawl
up the Anchor) a little beyond it, found Har¬
ringtons Body ftark naked, which they buried at
an Ifland hard by Pemba .
The
6o8.
Sharpejr.
Voyages «/ ^ English to the East Indies.
The Natives of this Ifland feemed, to the a
Author, to be friendly and good natured : For
they made Signs to him and others, at their firft
coming, to beware of their Throats : Which
then they took no Notice of.
341
also/
elinda.
ait tbrtc
angaiat.
be Moors
Fear,
SECT. III.
Shoals of Melinda. They take three Pangalas.
The Moors in Fear: Rife againjl the Englifh ;
are almojl all /lain. IJland del Almirante. b
Ship Boy executed. JJland Sokotra. Come to
Aden. Majler of the Good Hope murdered.
Toe Riurderers executed. Enter the Red Sea,
and arrive at Moka. Return to Sokotra. Coajl
of Kambaya. . Afcenfion cajl away there. The
Men faved. Latitudes.
TH E fame Day, (being the twentieth) they
fet Sail, and about twelve, at Night, the
Ship was on Ground, on the Shoals of Melinda %
or Pemba , which they were not apprifed of, but c
got off again. Next Morning, they purfued and
took three fmall Boats, {lightly wrought together,
called Pangaias b, before another, fent from Land
to give Notice, could reach them. There were
above forty Perfons aboard the three : Six or
eight of the Chief were judged to be Portuguese ,
the reft being known to be Moors. 1 hofe fix or
eight were pale and white, much differing from
the Colour of the Moors : Yet being afked, faid,
they were Moors , and fhewed their Backs all d
written with Chara£ters. When the Englijh in-
lifted, that they were Portuguese ; their Anfwer
was, that the Portuguese were not circumcifed.
As they could notftill be perfuaded to the con¬
trary, fome of the Mariners fpoke to them about
the late Treachery and Murder of their Men.
This feeming to put them in Fear, they talked
together in their own Language ; which made
the Englijh fufpedt, they intended to make fome
defperate Attempt. ’ For this Reafon the Author e
kept himfelf ftill upon the Poop, and looked care¬
fully to the Swords > which, lying naked in the
Mafter’s Cabbin, they alfo had their Eyes upon.
They likewife took Notice, where Captain Co-
verte and Mr. Glafcock had fet their Swords, ftill
expecting when the Place Ihould be clear. This
Coverte perceiving, kept good Watch ; and being
alone on the Poop, they beckoned to him three
or four Times to come to them upon the fpare
Deck ; which he refufed, leaft they Ihould have f
taken that Opportunity to feize thofe Weapons:
For then they would have done far more Mif- 1609.
chief than afterwards they did. Sharper.
The Mafter [ Philip de Grove] foon after com-
ing upon the fpare Deck, afked for their Pilot,
whom he took down into his Cabbin, and fhewed
his Plat, which the Pilot very earneftly viewed :
But at his parting from the reft to go with the
Mafter, he fpoke in the Moors Language ; warn¬
ing them (as the Englijh thought) to be upon
their Guard, and make the Affault as foon as
he gave the Watch-word.
It having been talked, that the Pilot had a
Knife about him, he was fearched for it; but
he nimbly conveyed it from the one Side to the
other, and therewith fuddenly ftabbed the Mafter
in the Belly, and then cried out, which (poffibiy)
was the Signal : For they immediately began the
Onfet on the fpare Deck, where the General,
Meff. Glafcock , Tindal , and one or two more,
who happened to be there w7ith them, had the
good Fortune to kill four or five of the white An almofl
Rogues; and made fuch Havock among the reft, a,iJ]a‘n’
that at length they had (lain almoft forty of
them, and brought the reft in Subje&ion.
A little before this happened, the Mafter
propofed to the General to buy of them fome
Garvances, or Peafe, (their Country Food) if
they had any to fell ; and that aftewards they fhould
be fet at Liberty, and what was taken from them
reftored. To this the General having confented,
the Mafter called the Pilot, to fee if he had any
Skill in the Plat, and fo to let him depart with
the reft c : But as they treacheroufly attacked the
Englijh , the Author thinks they could not do
lefs than kill them in their own Defence. How¬
ever, five or fix of them recovered a Pangaia by
their exceeding Swiftnefs, and efcaped to Shore ;
they fwimming to Windward fafter then the
Pinnace could row.
In thisSkirmifh only three of the Englijh were
hurt; namely, Glafcock , Tindal , and the Mafter.
The firft had two Wounds, whereof one was
deep in the Back : Tindal having had nothing in
his Hand to defend himfelf, they aimed at his
Breaft; but turning about, he received the Stab in
his Arm : However they were all perfe&ly cured.
The nineteenth of January [1609] they e-ljhndsAtt
fpied many Iflands, which the Portuguese called Almirante.
Almaifant'A , being nine in Number, and all un¬
peopled, as they affirm. Next Morning, they
fent their Pinnace to one of them, to feek frefh
Water; but although they found none, they
» Meluidee in the Original; but Melinda according to Jones. b Paugaias in die Original. e As dns
was their Intention, methinks, they ought to have figni'fied fo much to the Moors in Time : Which would, no
Doubt, have prevented their Rifing, and the Bloodfhed that enfued : For Perfons kept in Sufpenfe always fear
the Worft; and all Attempts to preferve Life and Liberty are fair. d Rather Almirante ; called by Jones ,
The Dejolut. kfes.
met
342 Voyages of the Engli
1609. met with abundance of Land Turtles, and brought a
Sharkey, fix aboard. Then they failed to another Ifland,
where they rode in twelve or thirteenFathom W a-
ter, and a reafonable good Harbour. Here they
refrefhed themfelves with Water, Cocoa-Nuts,
Fifh, Palmitoes, and Doves, which were in great
Plenty.
The fuff of February , they fet fail with a
fair Wind till the nineteenth*, when they paffed
the Line ; and the fifteenth, in the Morning be¬
times, came within Ken of Land, which was b
the Coaft of Melinda b. Upon the Continent
next Day, they came to Anchor, about nine in
the Morning, in twelve Fathom Water; and
about two Leagues from Shore, they prefently
fent the Pinnace to feek fome Refrefhing, but
they could by no Means land : Nor would the
People of the Country (being fearful) come with¬
in Speech of them : Wherefore, in the After¬
noon, the Ship departed.
SbipBojex- About this Time, William Aft on , one of c
the Ship-Boys, confefled a foul and deteftable
Sinc committed amongft them ; who, being
tried by a Jury, was condemned and executed
for the fame, on Friday the third of March in
the Morning.
The twenty-firft betimes, they efpied an
Ifland in the Height of twelve Degrees feventeen
Minutes, with four Rocks or Hillocks about three
Leagues off it. They had bore up a whole Day
and Night to get to this Ifland: But finding it d
barren and unpeopled, by fending their Skiff on
Shore, they palled by it ; and the fame Day had
Sight of three Iflands more about Sun-fet, (land¬
ing in the Height of twelve Degrees twenty-nine
Minutes. Two were within a League afunder, and
Ifland Soko-the third they found to be Sokotra, which (land-
eth in twelve Degrees twenty-four Minutes.
Here they arrived the twenty-ninth of March ,
1609, and anchored in a fine Bay the thirtieth
about ten in the Morning. e
The Wanders having, on Sight of them,
made a Fire, they fent their Skiff on Shore, but
the People fled in great Fear ; having (poflibly)
been formerly injured by fome who had paffed
that Way. The Men finding no Likelihood of
Relief there, returned aboard, and about five,
; h to the East Indies.
in the Afternoon, the Ship departed to find out 1609.
the chief Harbour. Sharpey.
Next Day, (landing off to Sea, they metk/'VN
with a Guzerat Ship, laden with Cotton, Cali¬
cos, and Pentathoes d, bound for Aden. • Hither
they kept her Company ; in regard they told
them, it was a Place of great Trading, but they
found it otherwife : For it was only a Garifon,
with many Soldiers in it. At the Entrance into
the Town, there flood a Caflle cut out of the
main Land, and encompaffed with the Sea, where¬
in are thirty-two Pieces of Ordnance, befides
fifty in the Town.
Arriving there the tenth of April, thofe of Cow to
the Guzerat Ship, who landed, told the Gover-Aden*
nor, that an Englijh Ship was come to trade there.
He prefently fent his Admiral to them, and the
General unadvifedly went on Shore ; where he
and his Attendants were received, (four great
Horfes waiting) and were carried before the Go¬
vernor in as much Pomp as the Town could af¬
ford. But the Governor finding him to be a
plain and fimple Man e, put him in a Houfe with
a Chaufh, or Keeper, and many Janizaries , or
Soldiers, to guard him ; and fo kept him Pri-
foner for fix Weeks, the Author being confined
along with him.
After this, the Governor caufed him to
fend aboard for Iron, Tin, and Cloth, to the
Value of two thoufand five hundred Dollars, pro-
mifing to buy the fame : But when he had the
Goods on Shore, he feized them for Cuflom of
the Ship only. When he faw, that he had got
as much as he could, he fent the General aboard
the twenty-feventh of May ; and kept two of
the Merchants for two thoufand Dollars, which
he faid was for Anchorage : But the whole Com¬
pany declaring againft the Payment, he fent the
Merchants up into the Country, fome eight Days
Journey, to a Place called Sanaa f, where the
Bajha then lay.
The twenty-eighth, they were joined by the Mafler of
Pinnace5, whofe Mafler [John Lujfken\ being thGaoi
dead ; upon Enquiry, the Company told them, Hope ^
that he was knocked on the Head with a Mallet
by Thomas Clarke , with the Confent of Francis
Driver his Mate h, Andrew Evans , and Edward
1 There feems to be fome Miftake here, unlefs we fuppofe, that after palling the Line, they failed back to ,
Melinda. b Melueidey in the Original. c What this Crime was, appears by the lait Paragraph but
one in the Book : Where he charges all their Misfortunes, that attended them, on the Follies and Overlight of
the lewd and indijcreet Mailer. “ For Philip de Grove, our Mailer, (fays he) being a Flcmmuig, and an arch
“ Villain, who was not only accufed, but it was (by the Boy, with whom he committed the Fact) confelfed to
“ myfelf, that he was a deteftable Buggerer : So that, had not God’s Mercy been the greater, it was a Wonder,
“ that in regard thereof, and of others being Offenders in the like, that our Ship had not funk in the Ocean.”
For any Thing that appears, the Boy was put to death to fave the Mailer. d By others. Pintados, which
are Chints, or painted Calicos. e A Man who made no Figure. f In the Original, written Si any ;
but in another Place, Seena, which comes near the true Name Sanaa. Jones , and others of thofe Times, call it
Zenan. 5 Called the Good Hope, which feparatd at the Bay of Saldanna. h Jones fays, Clarke was
Mailer’s Mate ; and Driver the Gunner.
3
Hides .
i6og.
Sharpey.
7 he Murder
ri executed.
^ort of
Mokha.
Return to
Sokotxa,
Voyages of the Engli
Hilles, Thcfe being afked upon what Occafion ;
they committed the Murder, could affign noCaufe,
excepting that they wanted a fmall Quantity of
Aqua Vita and Rofa Solis , which he was careful
to preferve for the Ufe of the Company, in cafe
of Need.
The thirty-firft, a Jury being called, the
Murderers were convicted, of whom Francis
Driver and Thomas Clarke were hanged in the
Pinnace ; the other two came by their Deferts
afterwards : For Edward Hilles a was eaten by 1
Canibals, and the other died, and rotted where
he lay.
The third of June , they weighed and failed
into the Red Sea , through the Streights of Mok-
ha b, which are about one League over, and about
three in length, having eighteen Fathom Water
clofe to thelfland. Within the Streights, there
lieth a great Shoal, fome two Leagues off Shore,
which Ships muft fail wide of. From thence
there are about fix Leagues to Mokha , where
is a good Road and fair Ground for Veffels to
ride in fourteen Fathom Water. The Port is
never without Shipping, it being a Town of
great Trade, and frequented by Karawans from
Sanaa c, Mekka , Grand Kairo, and Alexandria.
There is great Vent here for Tin, Iron,
Lead, Cloth, Sword-blades, and all Englijh Com¬
modities. It hath a great Bazar d, or Market,
every Day in the Week. There is great Plenty
of Fruit; as, Apricocks, Quinces, Dates, Grapes,
Peaches, Lemons, and Plantains: Which the
Author much wondered at, in regard the Inha¬
bitants told him, they had no Rain for feven
Years before, and yet there was Store of very
good Corn at Eighteen-pence a Bufhel. There
is fuch abundance of Cattle, Sheep, and Goats,
that an Ox may be had for three Dollars ; a Goat
for half a Dollar. Of Dolphins, More-fifh,
Baffe, Mullets, and other good Fifh, one may
buy as much for Three-pence, as will fuffice ten
Men at a Meal.
The Town is governed by the Turk , and if
an Arabian offend he is feverely punifhed, there
being Galleys for the Purpofe ; otherwife they
would not be able to keep them in Awe and
Subjection.
The eighteenth of July , they departed and
palTed the Streights, where they loft two An¬
chors ; and from thence failing to Sokotra c, about
thr fifth of Auguft , caft Anchor over-againft the
Town of Saiob, where the King refides. There
one of the Merchants went on Shore, and gave
him a Prefent, defiring Leave to buy Water,
Goats, and other Provifion, which he would not
s h to the East Indies.
343
. grant, becaufe the Women of the Country were 1609.
much afraid: But told him, if the Englijh would ] Sharpey.
go to a Road fome five Leagues off, they fhould1—
have any thing his Country afforded. According¬
ly they went, and there bought Goats, Water,
Aloes Sokotrina, Dragon’s Blood, &c.
The eighteenth, they fet fail from Sawb^OooJ) of
with an Anchor and half, for Kambaya , and 0nKambaya’
the twenty-eighth came to Moa: Where one of
the Natives told them, that for twenty Dollars,
) they might have a Pilot to bring them to the Bar
of Surat ; but our wilful Matter (fays the Author)
refufed it, and Laid he would have none.
The twenty-ninth, they fet forward, think¬
ing to hit the Channel, leading to the Bar, but
they came out of ten Fathom firft into feven ;
afterwards into fix and an half : Then they tack¬
ed about to the Weftward, and came into fif¬
teen Fathom ; the next Tack brought them into
five. Then fome of the Company afked, Whi-
; ther the Adafter would go ? He anfwered, Let
her go over the Height, and prefently the Ship
ftruck ; Captain Coverte immediately went up and
told him of it. Upon which, turning about, he
afked. Who durft fay fhe ftruck ? He had fcarce
fpoken, when fhe ftruck again, and with fuch
Force, that her Rudder broke off, which was
loft. Then they came to an Anchor, and rode
there two Days ; after which, their Skiff fplit in
Pieces, fo that they had no more but their long
i Boat to help themfelves withal. However, they Afcen/Ioa
made fuch Shift, that they got the Pieces of their™,/2 au-ay.
Skiff into the Ship ; and the Carpenter went fo
roundly to work, that he had her bound up toge¬
ther with Woldings : So that in their Diftrefs fhe
brought fixteen Men on Shore.
The fecond of September , about fix in the
Evening, the Ship ftruck, and began to founder.
She had prefently twenty-four Inches of Water
in the Well. Then they plied the Pump from
e feven to eleven: After which, the Water en-
creafed fo faft, that, being no longer able to con¬
tinue on board, they took to their Boats.
About ten thoufand Pounds of the Mer¬
chants lying between theMain-maft and Steeridge,
the General bid the Company take what they
would. The Author thinks they took amongft
them three thoufand Pounds ; fome having one
hundred Pounds, fome fifty, others forty Pounds ;
fome more, and fome lefs. Thus they left the
f Ship, without taking either Adeat or Drink with
them. Between twelve and one, in the Morn¬
ing, they put off for the Shore, which was at
leaft twenty Leagues to theEaftward. They fail¬
ed all that Night, and next Day, without any
a Hilles was 'Jones s Servant, and left behind at Madagajkar , where it might have been fuppofed he was eaten.
fc In the Text it was written Mockoo ; and in the Margin, Moha : But they are not the Streights of Mokba, but
of Mekka. c In the Original, Seena. d In the Original, Buflart. e In the Original, Socatora,
and elfewhere, Socotora ; but more properly Soketra , or Sokatra. { Before called Saiob.
Suftenance
The Men
faved,
344 Voyages of the
1 608. Suftenance at all, till five or fix in the Evening,
sharpey. when they made a little Ifland upon the Bar.
But juft then a Squall of Wind taking them,
broke the Mid-J})ip Thought of their Long-boat,
wherein were fifty-five Perfons : Yet they reco¬
vered their Maft ; and (the Guft ceafing) went
over the Bar, and got into the River of Gan-
devee.
W hen the Country People faw fo many Men
in two Boats, they beat their Drums, and ran to
their Arms; taking them for Portugueze , come
to attack fome of their Towns. This, the Eng-
lijh perceiving, and having by Chance a Guzerat
aboard, they fent him afhore to undeceive the
English to the East Indies.
Inhabitants. As foon as they knew who they 1608
they directed them to the City of Gande- Sharpey,
where a great Man was Governor : Who, at r
were.
vee.
their coming thither, feemed to be very forry for
their Misfortunes, and gave them a very kind
Welcome. And here, (fays the Author) ended
our Travels by Sea for that Time.
Latitudes.
Ifies near Pemba — -
Sokotra Ifland —
Ifland near it — -
Three Ifles near the fame
— 50 20' S.
— 12 24 N,
— 12 17
— 12 29
CHAP. VIII.
A brief Account of the fame Voyage of the Afcenfion.
Written by Thomas Jones.
IztnduBior.,'
THIS Account is inferted in Purchas a, and
takes up three Pages. It is there intitled,
A brief Narration of the fourth Voyage to the Eaft c
Indies, with the two good Ships , the Afcenfion be¬
ing Admiral , and the Union Vice-Admiral , under
the Command of Alexander Sharpey, General , and
Richard Rowles, Lieutenant-General ; with the
Difcovery of the Red- Sea in the Afcenfion, The
Author feems to have been Boatfwain, or Car¬
penter. His Narrative differs in fome Particulars
from that of Captain Coverte ; but, for the gene¬
ral, they agree.
d
SECT. I.
They pafs the Line. Meet with a great Carab
Bay tf/'Saldanna. Furious Storm. Ifands Ko-
moro, Pemba. Moors fet upon the Englifh.
Ship runs aground. Take three Pangaias.
Moors rife , and are fain. Ifands del Almi-
rante. A Ship of Diu. Come to Aden. The
Pinnace joins them. They overtake the Captain.
Tricked at Aden. e
They pafs the 'T N an unfortunate Hour, the fourteenth of
JL March , 1607, with the Afcenfion and the
Union , they weighed Anchor at Woolwich. The
fixth of May, 1608, having refrefhed at Mayo,
they departed ; and pafling the Line with great
Expedition, fell in with the general (or Trade)
Wind, which bloweth continually, between the
South-Eaft, and South-Eaft by Eaft : So that the
.farther one fails to the Southward, the more he
a Pilgrims, Vol, I. p. 2Z 8,
Line,
fhall find the Windto Eaft ward; as happens between
the Line, and the Tropic of Capricorn. The ele¬
venth of June , in the Latitude of twenty-fix De¬
grees, they overtook aCarak, called. Nave Palma, jgreai
bound for India: But fhe was eaft away after- Carok,
ward, upon the Coaft of Scjfala , within twelve
Leagues of Mozambik b. The Captain of her
came home a Paflenger in the fame Carak, that
the Author returned in from India , being Admi¬
ral of a Fleet of four Sail. Having palled fome
Compliments in a friendly Manner, they proceed¬
ed on their Voyage.
The thirteenth of July , they came to Anchors^ o/Sa
in the Bay of Saldania: Here they ftaid buildingdanLl*
a Pinnace, to the twenty-fifth of September ; at
which Time the Wefterly Monfons being fpent,
the Wind blows more to the South and South-
Eaft. The fame Day they departed ; and the
twenty-fixth, encountered a mighty Storm, at Furmi
South South-Eaft : Which blew fo furioufly, that5wrw‘
they fplit their Fore-courfe that Night, and loft the
Company of the Union, and Pinnace newly built,
as before- mentioned, called, The Good Hope ; the
firft of which, they never heard of afterwards.
Thus, with contrary Winds, (having before nC-
gle&ed their Seafon of Time) they beat up and
down the Sea, till the eighteenth of November ,
before they could reach the Ifland of St. Laurence’,
and there plied two Days, to get about Cape de St.
Roman, but could not.
This changing their Minds, they bore for the//7WK4
Ifland of Komora, (betwixt St. Laurence and the mora*
b fit Purchas, Mozatnlike .
1
Continent)
>
i6oS.
Shsrpry.
Jjhnd
Fwnba.
Ike Moors
: frt upon the
Engliih.
Ship runs
e ground.
Voyages of the Engl is
Continent) in eleven Degrees South. The twenty- a
fixth Day of October , they came to an Anchor on
the Weft Side of the Ifland, in thirty-fix Fathom
Water. Here, they were ufed by the King and
People, with all the Kindnefs that might be : But
could get no frefh Water ; yet had excellent Re-
frefhing of Limes, fome Hens, and Cocoa-Nuts.
Th e laft Day of the faid Month, they weigh¬
ed Anchor, and departed from Komora ; and di¬
rected their Courfe for the Ifland of Z anjibar*, in
order to get Water : But through Fault of their b
Mafter, [ Philip de Grove] they over-fhot it, and
fell with Pemba , having almoft ran afhore in the
Night, before they perceived it. The Wind be¬
ing" Eaft North-Eaft, they caft about, and flood
off till Day, being December the feventh ; when
they found a Place at the South- Weft End of the
Ifland, having a Ledge of Rocks to the Eaftward
of them. Here they rode in feven or eight Fa¬
thom Water; the Latitude being fix Degrees
South. The eighth, the Author went afhore, to <
feek for Water, of which they could not fill above
fix Tuns a Day. Mean Time, the Inhabitants
came, and converfed with great Familiarity ; but
all was treacherous.
The eighteenth, having gotten in all their
Water, except four or five Tuns, the Author went
afhore, to fill thofe Cafks ; where, againft his
Coming, they had laid an Ambufh of two hun¬
dred Men, which broke out upon him and the
reft : Yet they all efcaped their Hands, except his
Servant John Harrington , whom they took, and
cruelly murdered, his Mafter not being able to
refcue him: They alfo wounded a Servant of
John Elmars, being one of the Mafter’s Mates, in
eleven Places; but the Youth recovered. A little
before this happened, one of the chief of them
came, and defired the Author to fend one of the
Men with him, to fetch a Prefent for the Gene¬
ral. Jones let Edward Churchman go : But the
young Man returned no more ; and, as the Au¬
thor was afterwards told by a Portuguese, died at
Momlafa. While they continued at Pemba, the
Portuguese were about to man a Flemmijh Hulk,
(which had wintered at Mombafa ) in order to
come and take the Ship: But when they knew
what Force it was of, they laid afide their De-
fign. The People of this Ifland are very cow¬
ardly, and dare do nothing of themfelves, with¬
out the Inftigation of the Portuguese.
They left j Pemba the next Day, determining
to beat-up between it and the Coaft of Melinda,
in Hopes to find the Current the ftronger : But
that Night, (to their great Aftonifhment) they
ran a-ground upon the Coaft Melinda. However
at that very Inftant, the Wind happened to fall ;
fo that with backing their Sails a-ftern, the Ship
8 In Purchas , Zanzibar. b Sokotora, in Pure ha:.
is, the Admiral.
Vol. I. N°. XVII.
; H to the East Indies. 34 5
went off again, without receiving any Hurt. 1608.
They then ftood to the Eaftward till Day, when Sharpcy.
they faw certain Shoals, that lay off the Eaftern'* — v*"— ^
End of Pemba , which they could not weather :
Then they tacked about, and ftood to the North¬
ward. At length, they had Sight of three Barks rake three
of Moors, which in their Language they call Pan- Pangaya ».
galas ; and givingthem chace with their Ship and
Boats, in the End fetched them up : They ftruck
Sail without any Refiftance, and were brought
aboard.
They were about fifty in Number, and form- T&r Moors
ed a Defign to feize the Ship ; for the chief ofr,/e>
them being in the Cabbin with Philip Grove , the
chief Merchant William Revet, and the Author,
he with a long Knife, which he had concealed
about him, ftabbed the Mafter fo defperately, that
it was thought he would have died : But contrary
to the Expectation of the Moors , I (fays Jones )
ended his Days in the Place. At the fame Inftant,
: the reft put their Tragedy in Practice, {tabbing
the Preacher, and one of the Merchants : But in
a fmall Time they vanquifhed them ; fo that not
above five or fix at moft efcaped, to carry the And art
News: This, the Author fays, was a juft Re-p”1*
venge for their former Wrongs. When they
made the Attempt, there were not above fifteen
or fixteen Englijh at the moft aboard, all the reft
being employed in the Boats. The Author was
credibly informed afterwards, by the Portuguese,
d that great Lamentation was made for thofe Moors ;
becaufe they were fome of the chief Men of all
the Coaft of Melinda, and of the Blood Royal.
After the Spoil of thefe Barks, they deter¬
mined to ftay no longer on the North Side of
Pemba : So they put out of the Weft End of the
Ifland again, determining to beat-up for Sokotra b :
Butas the Winds hung between the Eaft, and Eaft
South-Eaft, and they found fmall Help of the
Current, they could not execute their Defign.
e Then they determined to ftand off to the South¬
ward, two or three hundred Leagues, thinking
to find the Winds at Eaft South-Eaft. But here¬
in likewife, their Hopes were fruftrated : For in
the Offing, they found the Wind to hang at Eaft
North-Eaft, and North-Eaft by Eaft; fo that
they lay beating in the Sea, from the twentieth
of December , to the twenty-fixth of January ;
and then it was their good Hap to meet with cer¬
tain Iflands, which they named the Defolate jj\ands Ad
f Iflands c, becaufe they were not inhabited. There Alnunwte.
are (at leaft) twelve or thirteen of them ; which
ought by all Means to be fought by Ships in this
Paffage, on Account of the good Refrefhing: For
there is great Plenty of Water, Palme. to Trees,
. Cocoa-Nuts, frefh Fifh, and Turtle Doves ; which
are fo tame, that one Man may take with his
c Called by Coverte, Amifant , for Almirante , that
y y Hands,
Join a rbiP
of Diu.
Come to
Aoen.
TTht Pinnace
joint them.
kicked at
Aden.
Voyages of the Engl
Hands, twenty Dozen in a Day: So that thefe
I {lands feemed to them an earthly Farad ife.
Having refrefhed there, they departed ; but
flill were crofled with contrary Winds, till the
thirtieth of March , (when the Wefterly Mon fans
begin) at which Time, they got up to the Ifland
of Sokotora. Here, having efpied a Sail, which
was bound for Aden , they gave her chace ; and
in the End fetching her up, they determined to
go both in Company together. This Ship was of
Diu : But they told the Englifh , fhe belonged to
Surat , giving them an Account of Captain Haw¬
kins’s Arrival there.
The eighth Tf April, they came to Anchor in
the Road of Aden , before the City. This City
or Aden is under the great Turk, and is the Key
of all Arabia Fcelix. The fame Day, the Cap¬
tain of the Cafile came aboard with twelve Sol¬
diers to guard the General afhore; where he was
received with all imaginable Honour ; and being
mounted on a fair Arabian Horfe, was carried in
I riumph to the Governor’s, where he was kindly
entertained : After which, the Governor under-
ftanding, that he had Letters from the King of
England , to the Bafha of Zenan , (whofe Place of
Reiidence was fifteen Days Journey up the Coun¬
try) fent them to him.
The tenth of May, their Pinnace The Good
Hope , which they had loft at the Cape of Good
Hope , came to them, after having endured
great Mifery. The Crew had moft fhamefully
murdered their Mafter, John Luffken , becaufe,
(they faid) he would not put into St. Laurence to
relieve them, (being then at the Eaftern End of
the Ifland) but their chief Motive was to get at
his Provifion. Next Day, they put in with the
Shore, and came to Anchor, where they got both
Water, and other Provifion. Here they left the
Author’s Servant, Edward Hilles , who, (as they
faid) went to cut Wood, and could no more be
heard of. So foon as the Murder was made
known, the Criminals, who were Thomas Clarke
the Mafter’s Mate, and Francis Driver the Gun¬
ner, were both executed aboard the Pinnace. At
their Departure from Aden , the Governor detain¬
ed two of the Merchants, John Jordan , and Phi¬
lip Glajfcock , with fome Cloth; and fent them up
all together to the Bafha, who ufed them very
kindly. The Bafha having demanded, whether
they had brought the great Turk’s Letter with
them ? And they anfwering in the Negative, he
told them, he could not give them Leave to fet¬
tle a Fadlory : But that for the Cloth which they
had there, he would take it for a Prefent, becaufe
their Ship, he faid, was the firft of the Englifh
Nation, that ever arrived in thofe Parts ; and in
Return for the fame, would give them Leave to
i s it to the East Indies.
a trade, and depart at their Pleafure, Cuftom free. 1609,
1 bus, with much Trouble, (becaufe the Wefterly Sharper.
Monfon began to come in, and then the Current V*—
runneth out of the Red-Sea ) in the End, they
puffed theStreights, being not above one Mile and
half broad at moft.
SECT. II.
Come to Mokha in the Red-Sea. IJland Sokotra.
j Coajl of Uni. The A fee n lion cajt away. The
Men faved. Land at Gandevee. Come to Su¬
rat. The Author gets to Goa. Leaves India
in a Carak. Cape of Good Hope. Comes to
Lifbon. Arrives in England.
THEY ftaid at Aden till the fifteenth, and
then their General, and the Mafter, de¬
termined to go for the City of Mokha a, about
forty Leagues higher up in the Red-Sea.
I he eleventh of June , calling Anchor in theMok*
• Road, the General went afhore, where he was R°ad.
moft lovingly received. Mokha is the chief Staple
of the Indian Trade : For all the Goods that are
brought to Kairo , and Alexandria , come from
thence. They ftaid in this Road, trimming their
Pinnace, till the twenty-fixth of July ; and then
the General and Mafter determined to profecute
their Voyage for Kambaya: Sore againft the Minds
of the Company, being the chief Officers of the
Ship; and that Night, through the Head-ftrong-
1 nefs of the Mafter, they loft two Anchors.
AUGUS T the feventh, they came to Sokotra , ifland Soke
where they had fo much Wind at South, and tra.
South South-Eaft, that the Ship was hardly able
to keep the Shore, and the Pinnace blown off;
not having above two or three Days Victuals in
her at moft, Whilft they lay at this Ifland, to
get in a Boat’s Lading of Water, and two or
three Boats of Stones for Ballaft, there came fuch
violent Gufts from the South- Weft, that they
! broke two more of their beft Anchors, (having
then but two left) fo vehemently do thofe Winds
blow there at that Time of the Year.
They departed Augujl the twentieth ; and the Coalt of Ufa,
fecond of September , fell with the Coaft of Diu,
fome eight Leagues to the Eaftward of that City.
They fleered forward along the Shore, about
feven Leagues more ; and then came to an Anchor
a Head-land. The third, they fent their Skiff
afhore, where they bought Sheep, and other
Things, of the Natives ; who underftanding, that
they were bound for Surat , one of them came
aboard, defiring his Paffage thither of the Gene¬
ral. He informed him, at the fame Time, that
the Way was very dangerous ; and offered for
feven Pieces of Eight, to fetch a Pilot, who
fhould conduct the Ship fafely to the Port. But
? I nPurcbas, Moka 1 But properly Mokha , the kb being a Guttural.
the
i6og.
Sharpey.
lAftenfion
latji away.
(The Men
(aved,
Land at
Gandevee.
'■me to
<j at.
Voyages of the Englis
the Genera], being ruled in mod Things by the a
Mafter, paid no Regard to what the Moor , or
1 Bannian, faid to him. The fourth, they weigh¬
ed Anchor about three in the Afternoon, in the
laft Quarter of Ebb. So that Night they run on
the Shoals, and ftruck their Rudder off ; and the
next Day loft their Ship alfo : Whereas, had they
taken the firft Quarter Flood, they would cer¬
tainly have had Water enough to carry them
over all the Shoals. That Night, forfaking the
Ship, they betook them to their two Boats ; and b
it was no fmall Wonder, that fo many Men
ftiould get fafe alhore in fuch fmall Vehicles, they
being then at leaft eighteen Leagues from Land.
Thus was this large Ship loft, to the great
Detriment of the Company of Merchants, and
utter Undoing of the poor Mariners ; all the
Goods and Treafure that was aboard, being caft
away with her. They remained on the Sea in
their Boats, till the fixth, about four in the Af¬
ternoon ; and then they difcovered Land, which c
they made towards the beft they could, endea¬
vouring to get to the River of Surat. But con¬
trary to their Minds, they fell with the River of
Gandevee , fome five Leagues to the Southward,
and that very luckily: For had they fucceeded to
their Wilhes, they had fallen into a greater Mis¬
fortune, perhaps, than the former ; that is, into
the Hands of their Enemies the Portugueze ; who
having had Intelligence, that their Ship was com¬
ing, lay at the Bar of Surat , with five Frigates, d
to take their Boats at their going alhore.
At Gandevee , they heard, that their Pinnace
came into the fame River before them, and was
carried away by the Portugueze : But that all the
Men had forfaken her, and were gone to Surat
by Land. They were kindly entertained by the
Governor of this Town, who was a Bannian.
The People of this Se£l, are Pythagoreans , and
honour the Cow : They alfo obferve the antient
Cuftom of burning their Dead. It was a great e
Falhion formerly, for the Women, when their
Hufbands died, to burn themfelves with their
Bodies: But of late, they have learned more Wit,
and do not fo commonly pra£tife it. However,
thofe who do it not, have their Hair cut ; and
ever after are reckoned dilhoneft, for refufing to
accompany their Hufbands into the other World.
The feventh, they left Gandevee, to travel for
Surat , about forty Miles diftant; and the ninth
came thither, where they were met by William f
Finch a, who kept the Factory : But Captain
Hawkins was gone to Agra , about thirty Days
Journey diftant, where the King refides. The
h to the East Indie
s.
General, and [Part of] the reft b, having ftaid
till the End of September , at Surat , then fet out
likewife for Agra , in order to return home by 1
Land, through Perfia : But the Author, not liking
that Courfe, ftaid behind. Whilft he debated
with himfelf, what Method to take, he came ac¬
quainted with a Portugueze Padre , of the Order
of St. Paul , juft come from Kambaya , who pro-
mifed to get him conveyed to England , or at
leaft to Portugal-, which he punctually performed.
Jones , Richard Mellis , John Elmor c, and Robert
Fox , departed from Surat , the feventh of October,
along with the Padre , and came to the ftrong
Town and Fortrefs of Daman ; where once again,
they faw the Pinnace, called The Good Hope. From
Daman , they went to Chaul, and from thence to
Goa , where they arrived the eighteenth of No¬
vember.
The ninth of January , [1610] they embark- Leave India,
ed on board a Carak, called, Our Lady of Pity ,
being the Admiral of a Fleet of four Sail : And,
the twenty-eighth, they palled the Line, upon
the Coaft of India ; and the twenty-firft of March ,
fell with the Land, in thirty-three Degrees and
half, about five Leagues to the Eaft of Cape das
Agullas. Here they lay with contrary Winds,
till the fecond of April, and then were encounter¬
ed with a mighty Storm at Weft South-Weft :
Which blew fo furioufly, that they were forced to
bear up fix Hours before the Sea ; after which, it
ceafed. The fourth of April, they fell with Land
again, in thirty-four Degrees forty Minutes j and
then lay driving backwards and forwards, with
contrary Winds, in Sight of Shore : So that they
were twice within three or four Leagues of the
Cape of Good Hope ; yet could not get about Cape of
it, till the nineteenth Day of April, and then theyGood HoP°*
doubled it, to their no fmall Comfort : For they
were in great Defpair before, fearing they Ihould
be forced to winter at Mozambik-, which is a com¬
mon Thing among the Portugueze.
The twenty-feventh, they palled the Tropic
of Capricorn ; and the ninth of May, they came
to Anchor at the Ifland of St. Helena ; which
ftandeth in fifteen Degrees South. Here they
ftaid till the fifteenth.
watering ;
and then de¬
parting, pafled the Line on the fecond of June.
The twenty- fixth Day, they were under the Tro¬
pic of Cancer, with the Wind at North-Eaft,
which the Portugueze call the General IVind ; and
the fixteenth of July , palled by the Wefterly
Illands, [or Azores ] in the Opinion of the Pilot ;
being in the Latitude of forty Degrees odd Mi¬
nutes, not having feen any Land fince they left
a This Finch travelled over more Parts of India, than any Traveller we know of fince ; fo that Geography
is greatly obliged to him, as well for his Account of the Roads, as Remarks on the Country. b Nichols
fays, the Company left the General, who was not able to provide for them and the reft ftaid with him, being
very fick. £ Mellis died aboard the Carak, in their Paflage j Elmor, or Elmer, was Mafter of the Good
Hope Pinnace.
St.
Y v 2
34?
i6o8.
Rowlcs.
Come to Lis¬
bon.
Voyages cf the E nglis
St. Helena. In fhort, the third of Augujl, they a
made the Land of Portugal , being not above two
Leagues off the Rock [of Lisbon ] and the fame
Day came to Anchor in the Road of Caskalles a.
That Day the Author went afhore in a Boat,
and fo efcaped the Hands of the Portugueze. He
Raid in Lisbon fecretly till the thirteenth, and
then embarked in a Ship bound for London , one
Steed, Matter; which immediately fetting Sail
from the Bay of Wayers , they efcaped : For the
Portugueze having had Notice of their Departure,
h ^ ^ East Indies.
fent out a Boat well manned, with Defign to ifioS.
have taken the Ship, and fo carried them afhore : Rowies.
They got fafe home the feventeenth of Septem-
der , 1610, it being two Years and fix Months
ttnee their Departure out of England.
Latitudes.
Komoro Ifland — *— — 110 00 §.
Pemba Ifland — — 6 00
St. Helena Road *— — *5 00
CHAP. IX.
<The Voyage of Captain Richard Rowlee, to Priaman, in the Union.
Being a Continuation of the fourth V oyage.
THIS Voyage is inferted in the Collection t
of Purcbas b, under the following Title:
The unhappy Voyage of the Vice-Admiral , the Uni¬
on, outward bound , till Jhe arrived at Priaman ;
reported by a Letter which Majler Samuel Brad-
Ihaw fent from Priaman, by Humphry Bidulphe,
the eleventh Day of March, 1609. Written by
the faid Henry Moris, at Bantam, September the
fourteenth , 1610. The Account given by Moris
relates to the Voyage of the Union , no farther
than Priaman , in Sumatra ; and it appears from 1
this Title, that he was no farther the Author of
it, than as he tranferibed, or extracted it, from
the Letter of Mr. Bradjhaw , one of the Mer¬
chants or Factors e. The Adjective, faid, prefixed
to his Name, has Reference to the Report of
Hicols (mentioned in the former Chapter) which
precedes this Voyage in Purchas, and was writ¬
ten by Moris. What concerns the Return of
the Union , from Priaman , and her being caft
away on the Coaft of France , contained in the
fecond Section, is taken from certain Letters
written on that Occafion.
SECT. I.
The Voyage of the Union, after her Separation
from the Afcenfion, to Achin and Priaman.
Written by Henry Moris.
Caufe of her Separation. Mifhap at Zenjibar.
Put into Madagalkar. Captain and fix others
feized. Seven more die. Coajl of Arabia. Come
“to Achin. Drive a great Trade at Priaman.
Return homewards.
) m H E Union , after being feparated from the Caufe of S
JL Afcenfion , by ftormy Weather, in doubling/’*'-''''”*,
the Cape of Good Hope , fprang her Main- matt ;
and, in the midft of the Storm, they were forced
to fifti it again. It was owing to this Accident,
that they loft the Company of the Admiral ; and
being at length out of Hope of meeting with either
the Ship or Pinnace thereabouts, confidering that
the Tempeft continued, they lhaped their Courfe
for the Bay of St. Augujline , in Madagaskar , in
c hopes of finding them there. But in this they
were difappointed. Wherefore after twenty Days
Stay, in which Time they refrelhed themfelves
well, they fet Sail for Zenjibar , in Expectation
of meeting their General at that Place. As foon
as they arrived, they went on Shore, and were
kindly entertained : But at their next Landing,
feveral Men broke out of Ambufh upon them, L
and killed the Purfer, Richard Kenu , and one zenjibar.
Mariner, and took Richard Wickham , one of the
d Merchants, Prifoner ; by great Chance however
the reft got off the Boat, and came aboard.
They put to Sea about February , 1608-9, with
the Winds at North-Eaft and Northerly, \yhich
was directly againft them, as they defigned to
go for Sokotora. Now having fpent much Time
at Sea, without making any "W ay (and mod of
the Men being very much troubled with the Scur¬
vy) the Captain bare up the Helm for the North
Part of St. Laurence. His Intention was, to Put Put ;„n
e into the Bay of Antongil", but they fell with theMadagal
Weft Side of the Ifland, where they entered an
exceeding great Bay, called by the Natives Kanquo-
morra d, the adjacent Country being very fruit¬
ful and pleafant. Here they propofed to recover
their almoft loft Men, and fpend the unprofita-
* Cafcais. 1 Pilgr. vol. 1. p. 232. c Yet in the Preamble to the Voyage, Moris fays he had
the Account from the Report of others, without any Mention of BradfhavP s Letter. d0r Boamora. Purchas.
ble
/ J
,
6o9-
R'.wIci-
Cattail!
d other t
zed*
even mire
lie.
Voyages of the English
ble Monfon. They foon grew acquainted with
the Inhabitants, who at firft appeared very friend¬
ly, and made them very kind Profeflions. Where¬
upon the Merchants often went afhore, and vi-
fited the King, who was no lefs complaifant. At
length Captain Rowles , accompanied with Mr.
Richard. Reve, chief Merchant, Jeffery Cartel ,
and three others, thought fit to go to the Pa¬
lace.
SAMUEL BRADSHAW had been often em¬
ployed about Bufinefs to the King : But at thisTime
the Captain having fome other Occalion for him,
he flayed aboard, which proved happy for him ;
for the Inflant they landed, they were betrayed
by the Inhabitants. However, by good Fo:tune,
the Boats efcaped : But they had fcarce got a-
board, when they faw a Multitude of Praws and
large Boats coming out of the River, rowing to¬
wards the Ship, as eagerly as if they intended
immediately to board her. And indeed they made
a very bold Attack, coming up in the very Face
of the Ordnance; fo that th q Engl'tjh verily^ be¬
lieved they would have taken them. The Fight
continued at leaft two Hours very delperately :
But the Cannon being diligently plied by the
Gunner and his Mates, at length half a Dozen
of their Boats were funk; which obliged the reft
to retire with more hafle than they advanced.
They flayed in the Bay fourteen Days after
this, in hopes to recover their Men again :
East Indies.
a ing come, they durfl not attempt to go for Kam-
baya ; neither could they find any good Place on ,
^ that Coaft to harbour in, during the Winter, k
Wherefore after hovering in Sight of the Coaft
four Days, not without Danger of running a-
fhore, they thought it Folly to lofe Time any
longer ; but refolved on fome Courfe for making
their Voyage. Plereupon Griffin Alaurice , the
Mafter, confuting with the principal and molt
experienced Men in the Ship, they prefently
b concluded to go for Achin', in hopes there A“
meet with fome Guzerats , to barter their Enghjh
Commodities with. Wherefore dire&ing their
Courfe for that Place, they arrived there the
twenty-feventh of July ; and feven Days alter
had Admittance to the Kiug, to whom they gave
a Prefent : Which they were forced to do fome-
what largely, becaufe the Hollanders fought to
obftrudt their Trade; afpiring to engrofs the
whole Commerce of India to themfelves.
c After Mr. Bradjhaw had been at Court,
and dealt a little with the Merchants of A chin,
he fell to trade with the Guzerats , giving them
Englijh Cloth and Lead, in Exchange for Baf-
ta’s, black and white; which is the Cloth
they fell in thofe Parts. After they had been
there fome fmall Time, they failed to Pt laman, Rich Trade
where they had a quick Trade, to their Heart sct
Content ; which made fome Amends for the
CrofTes they met with before. They flayed and
trMZ SB fc»enmo£
a fudden Difeafe; which daunted them more than
the Malice of thofe Infidels. The Misfortune
happened to thofe who had wrought fo hard at
the Ordnance in the Fight ; for within two Days
they were all thrown over-board. Thefe Misfor¬
tunes coming together, they refolved to make
hafle away, and Water a little fomewhere elfe :
But before they could difpatch, the Enemy made
which might have been done long before, if
there had not been a Mutiny among the Com¬
pany ; for the Sailors would do as they pleafed
themfelves: But Mr. Bradjhaw ufed them with
fuch fair Words, that (at length) they got what
they came for. Here the Mafter died. AIL Bu¬
finefs being ended, Mr. Bradjhaiv fent one Hum¬
phrey Biddulph and Silvejler Smith to Bantam, in
* Wr • r t _ Lmo T? nrlpr of CtOOuS*
srm t tss SsrttsS! ' sat «.« <«
r\ T"'> * _ _ _ A- /V .11 n ^
Coaft of .
labia.
a — r - 0
they liked their firft Entertainment fo ill, that
not caring to come too near them a fecond T ime,
they returned afhore, and contented themfelves
to look upon the Ship. T he Englijh perceiving
their Malice, and fearing fome Mifchief in the
Night, flood-in for the Shore (where the Moors
fate) and gave them a whole Broadfide tor a
Farewel. The Bullets entring among the thick-
eft of them, made fuch Lanes, that they foon
forfook their Places, and go^out of Sight as faft
as they could.
This done, they put to Sea, and directed
their Courfe tor Sokotra : But for want or hul-
ling-in betimes, the Winds took them fhort, fo
that they could not fetch it, but fell more to the
Eafl, upon the Coaft of Arabia. I his was about
the fourth of June , and the Winter Monfon be-
And prefently after Mr. Bradjhaw fet Sail
England , in the Union , fome Time in February ,
1609-10.
SECT. II.
The Return of the Union from Priaman.
The Union arrives near Morlaix in Brittany. But
few left alive. Rifled by the P eople of the Coaji.
Diflrefs of thofe on board. She is brought on
the R.ocks by the French. The Mafter dies. Ac¬
count of her Voyage homewards. Number of Men
remaining.
CONCERNING the Return of the Unhn^f
Cj from Priaman, we meet with little mo e
than what is contained in two Letters, w
follow Moris' s Account in Purchas, and relate
Voyages c/ ^ English to the E a s t Indi
to the miferable Condition wherein flie arrived
E S.
on the Coaft of France.
The firft was written by Bernard Couper , to
his Brother Thomas Hide , a Merchant in London ;
dated from Morlaix , the firft of March , 1611 a.
wherein he informs him, that by a Letter that
Day received from Odwen , writ by one William
Bagget , an Irijhman, who dwelt there, the Union
was upon that Coaft, about two Leagues from
the faid 1 own ; that the Inhabitants having lent
out two Boats to her, found file was richly laden
^ePPer and other Goods, from India , with
But/ewMenon]y four [V[en alive (of whom one was an Indi_
an) and three dead ; that the four were fo weak
they were fcarce able to fpeak ; that the two
Boats had brought the Ship into the Road of Od¬
wen’, and that they of the Town having unladen
moft Part of the Goods, had direded his Letter
to fome Englifh Merchants in Morlaix , to repair
thither, with all Expedition, to take Poffeflion
ol them, as belonging to the Eajl India Com¬
pany : That this Letter was confirmed by ano¬
ther, written in French , by the Bailiff of Kim-
Pert and directed to one in Morlaix , which Mr.
Couper had feen : That therefore he thought pro¬
per to fend three Copies of this Irifhman’s Letter
by feveral Barks, for more Certainty in apprizing
the Merchants ; becaufe it was to be feared the
rude People would make a Wreck of her, if
fome fpeedy Meafures were not taken about her ;
that therefore he thought it neceffary to apply
to the Court of France ; for that he was appre-
henfive it would prove a very troublefome Affair:
T hat in the mean Time he propofed with George
Robbins to ride down, to fee in what State Things
Kfiediy tie were, and do the belt he could in the Merchants
j ous. Behalf: That the Ship was reported to be of three
or four hundred Tons, and with three Decks:
T hat he feared they fhould find her Ihrewdly ri¬
fled : That they took that Journey at the impor¬
tunate Letters of the Irijhman , and Bailiff of
Kimpcr , but chiefly in Confideration of the Com¬
pany ; prefuming they would conlider their
Charge, becaufe they had both engaged Friends
and procured Money in the Place, to fatisfy fuch
as fhould be employed in faving the Ship and
Goods, if Need were: That notwithstanding,
he could wifh, they would fend fome Body with
Expedition, by Way of Rouen , with other Pro-
vifion of Money : For that Morlaix was no Place
of Exchange, where Money might be had at all
i imes: That he had rather give fifty Pound than
take the Journey at that Time; becaufe he had
Diinf, of much Goods upon his Hands, as he had partlv
iboje aboard, written in his laft: That the Names of the fu-
vivmg Perfons were Edmund White, the Mafter;
Thomas Duckmanton, Mafter’sMate; Samuel Smith
and the Indian : That they were in great Diftrcfs’
161
Rowle;
Or 1610-11.
and Want of Money ; neither could be Mailers
of their own Goods.
The fecond Letter, written by William Wot-
ton , the Captain or Mafter of fome Ship, was
dated in February , 1610 b, from Andiernc , where
the Union then was, and runs in the following
Terms. “ The eighth of February , I came o-
ver the Polo-head of Bourdeaux , and the ele¬
venth, loft my Foremaft, Boltfprit, and Rud¬
der. The fame Night I put into Olderyearne.
The thirteenth, the Frenchmen brought the U-
nion upon the Rocks. The fourteenth, I went sbp tr,
aboard her with my Boat j the Frenchmen had on 1 is RC:
been aboard four Days: I brought afhore
Samuel Smith , Thomas Duttonton , and Mr. Ed¬
mund White. The fifteenth, I got William
Bagget , my Merchant, to write a Letter to
Modes . The eighteenth, the Letter was fent,
and I paid two Crowns for the Carriage. The
twentieth, the Indian died, and the fame Day
I buried him. The twenty-firft the Mafter Tie Mag.
died, and I buried him. The twenty-fecond, d'eu
came Meflieurs Roberts and Couper. The twen-
“ ty-fixth, they both went to Morles. Again
“ the fourth of March , William Coarey , the Hoft
of Meflieurs Couper and Roberts. The fifth,
I went aboard with my Boats, and William
“ Coar£y at low Water: I went into the Hold at
low Water, and brought a Sample of the worft
Pepper. The fixth, I came from Old Tearne
The eighth, I went to Morles. The feven-
teenth, Mr. Hide came to Morles : And the
twenty-firft, I came from Morles. The twenty-
fecond, at Night, I came into the Ijle of Wight
The twenty-fourth, I came to Hampton. The
twenty-eighth, I came to London ”
Ar 1 er this Letter, we have the following ir .
far,h" AiSoun> Sacred perhaps by PurchVZV"
himielr. 1 hey faved, after the Spoil of the Brit¬
tons^ a! moft two hundred Tons of Pepper, fome
Benjamin, and fome Chinefe Silks, which they
bought at Tekou , in Sumatra , out of a Ship of
China. T hey touched outward-bound at Saida -
nia, where they ftayed long in fetting up a Shal¬
lop, or Pinnace : They loft Mr. Rowle s in St.
Laurence ; and more Men at Zanjibar. They
laded Pepper at Achin, Priaman , Pajeman , and
Tekou; where they bought Silk out of a Chinefe
Veheh In their Return, they met with Sir Hen-
ry Middleton , to whom they delivered certain
Cnefts of Silver ; at which Fime they had thirty-
fix Men on board in tolerable good Health. They
miffed the Ifle of St. Helena. Moft of their Men
died on this Side of Cape Verde. Ten Englifh
and four Guzerats were taken out of her by a
ol, ^rJA°h and a Scot. Their landing in Num!)i,
the Road of Andierne, and other Matters, are be- A Zm
fore fet down. After the Pepper [and other]
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
cc
b This fhould be March ox April, 1611.
5
Goods,
Voyages of the English to the East Indies
6oQ. Goods were taken out and dried, the Ship was
)avjd examined by Mr. Simonfn, a fkilful Shipwright
fjjdieton. (fent thither on purpofe to fave her if pottiblc)
Vv*—-/and found to be unserviceable. The Ordnance,
Anchors, and other Furniture, were faved. There
remained alive, out of feventy-five who went
«• " 3'V
out of England , only nine, viz. Thomas Duck- 1609.
manton , the Matter’s Mate ; Robert JVilfon , of David
Deptford ; Bullock , the Surgeon ; Peterfm , Midl,Jeton*
and five Englijhmen more. Three or four GVzr- G/*V"NJ
alfo furvived the Voyage a.
CHAP. X.
He Voyage of Captain David Middleton to Java and Banda, in b 1609 5
Being the fifth Voyage fit forth by the Company.
Ext ratted from a Letter 'written by himfelf to the Merchants .
a at
m.
S E C T. I. b
Arrives at Bantam. Goes for the Molukkos.
Town of Botun. King comes aboard. His ill
Luck. JJland Bangaia. A jolly Dutchman.
Banda Iflands. Dutch Proceedings there. Con¬
trol the Trade. Awe the Natives. Order the
Englifh to depart. Captain Middleton refufes.
Writes to the Governor. Dutch Preparations.
The Captain lands himfelf. Shews his Commif-
fon. c
HEY fet Sail from the Downs the twenty-
fourth of April, 1609. in the Expedition ,
of London , and got Sight of Forteventura , and
Lanfarot , the thirteenth of May. They arrived
at Saldania the tenth of Augujl ; and having
watered without Delay, departed the eighteenth
for Bantam , where they arrived the feventh of
December ; having very narrowly miffed Captain
Keeling , by patting him in the Night.
The Author made all theDifpatch that might ^
be (both by Day and Night) to get the Iron a-
Ihore : He would not flay even to fet up his Pin¬
nace; but was obliged to give a great many Gifts
more than would have been neceffary, if the
State of the Country c had been as in former
Times. He left Mr. Henfworth in the Houfe [or
Factory] and becaufe he knew none of thole who
were in it, and befides was in a ftrange Place,
he left with him (at his Requeft) Edward Neetles
and three more of his Company. e
After this he took fuch Commodities as he Con fir tie
thought moft vendible in thofe Places where heMolultkoS3
was to go: But what Likelihood there was of
making a Voyage, he fuppofed Captain Keeling
had long before that acquainted the Company ;
yet for all this he refolved to try their Courte-
fy. Henfworth was very loath to ftay behind
him, but he had no body elfe to leave in the
Houfe ; being obliged to take Mr. Augujlin Spal¬
ding with him, on account of his undemanding
the Language. Henfworth was charged to tell
the Governor plainly (in cafe he fent for him)
that the Captain had left exprefs Order, not to
yield to any of his former Demands ; yet that he
might take what he would, for he muff deliver
him nothing.
The eighteenth of December , in the Evening,
he fet Sail for the Malukkos (as fuppofed) and the
Winds favouring them, the twenty-feventh patted
the Streights of Defolam , and then lay becalmed
ten Days: Which was no fmall Trouble to him,
on account of the great Heat under the Line ;
and being doubtful of the Wefterly Monfon ,
which (if it tthould have failed him) would have
overthrown his Voyage.
The eighth of January they came before theJ^W’
Town of Botun , and fending to enquire News, ° un>
found the King was gone to the Wars, and very
few People in the Place : So he would not anchor,
but went through the Streights the fame Day.
Next Day they faw a great Company of Cara-
a Thefe added to the fourteen taken out of her, make the whole of thofe who returned twenty-fix or twenty -
feven. b This Voyage is taken from Purchas, vol. i. p. 238. wherever a Tradt is mentioned in the Title
Page to be abbreviated, it is always to be prefumed to be done by Purchas himfelf, unlefs fome Body elfe be
named. This Gentleman was Brother to Sir Henry Middleton, whofe Voyage follows next. c By the
Alterations in the State their Debts were become almoft defperatej nor would this Governor fufFer them (as be¬
fore they were ufed) to imprifon Debtors and diitrain. He alfo exadted unreafonable Sums for Rent; whereas
the Ground had been given die Company, and the Houfe built at their Charge. Purchas.
colles.
352
1610.
David
Middleton.
King ecmis
aboard.
Hit ill Lu-.k.
IJhtnd Ban¬
gka.
Voyages of the Engl is
colics, which proved to be the King of Botun s a
Army. Drawing near them the King detached a
fmall Praw, to fee what they were ; and the Cap¬
tain fent him Word who he was ; enquiring if
there was any Water near at hand : The People
(hewed him where there was great Plenty. Then
he flood with the Place, and the King and all his
Caricolles failed after. Being come to an An¬
chor hard by him, the King lent one aboard, in
his own Name, to bid the Captain welcome,
and defired him to fend Mr. Spaldings with the b
Meflenger, to come and fpeak with him. The
King’s Defire was, that the Ship (hould ride there
all Night ; and in the Morning he promifed to
vifit him.
According ly he came aboard ; and Cap¬
tain Middleton not only made him and his Nobles
a Banquet, but gave him a Gift worthy fuch a
Perfon. Then a Gale fpringing up, and the Ship
being ready to fail, the King wept, and faid the
Captain might think him but a Diffembler, fee- c
ing he had no Merchandize for him ; that four
Months before, his Dwelling had been burned to
the Ground, where he had provided a Houfe full
of Nuts, Mace, Cloves, and Sander-Wood ;
and a great Warehoufe filled with the Cloth of
his Country, which goes off very well in moft
of the Ifiands thereabout ; yet that all the Lofs
grieved him not half fo much as to hear that
the Captains had caufed the Ship to be fitted out
on Purpofe to come and buy fuch Commodities as d
he (hould have provided for him.
He farther faid, that the Captain had kept his
Promife ; and fwore by the Head of Mohammed ,
that he would have done fo to, but for that Fire,
wherein moreover feveral of his Wives and
Women were burned : That now he was abroad
with his Forces at War, of which he could not
tell the Iflue ; and that as the Cafe flood with
him, he could not fpare any of his People to
make Provifion for him. He added, that if the e
Captain had not come the Night before, he (hould
have been in the Field againft another King, his
Enemy, whole Town he (hewed him, requeft-
ing him to (hoot at it as he went by. Middleton
replied, that he was a Stranger, and knew not
that King ; fo that he had no Reafon to procure
liimfelf Enemies : But that in cafe he (hould come
and offer him (the King of Botun ) or any of his
Subjects Wrong, while he was there, he would
do his beft to fend them away. The King f
being pleafed with his Anfwer, took his Leave,
and the Ship fet Sail immediately.
The twenty-fourth of January [1610.] he ar¬
rived at the Illand of Bangaia , where the King
and moft of the People were fled, for Fear of
fome Enemy; but who that Enemy was, the
Captain could not, with any Certainty, learn.
A Hollander who was there, told him that this
H
to the East Indies.
Adverfary was the King of Makafar (as he 161
thought ;) and that the Reafon the former fled Day,.
was,"becaufe the latter would force him (who *^let
was a Gentile ) to turn Moor : But the Captain J
was rather of Opinion, that he fled for Fear of
the Dutch , who would have built a Fort there;
but when they faw the People were gone, they
gave over the Defign. This one Hollander bore
fuch Sway, that never a Man left upon the Bland
durft difpleafe him. He had as many Women
as he pleafed ; and kept two Houfes full of the
choice Maidens of the Country : He had alfo
many Slaves of both Sexes. He was withal a
pleafant Companion, and would dance and hng^i5^
all Day long, going almoft naked, as their Man- ut m
ner is ; whereby he won the Hearts of the Na¬
tives: Among whom he would caroufe and be
drunk for two Days together. He had lived
long in the Country, and fet up for himfelf, nor
would be commanded by any Hollander. He
lived over-againft Amboyna ; and if the Governor
of that Place at any Time v/anted to fpeak with
him, he was obliged to fend two of his Merchants
in Pledge, till his Return. He received the King
of Tarnata’s Duties in all the Blands thereabouts,
and fent' him what he thought fit.
Here the Englijh met with good Refrefliing,
and were in better Health, than when they fet
Sail from England , not having had one Man fick
to that Time. There they (heathed the Long¬
boat, which they towed for Fear of the Worms,
that would have fpoiled her ; and after, fet Sail
the ninth of 'January. Being at Sea, they found
the Winds fair for them. Yet could not get to
Windward all Night ; the Stream carrying them
dire£lly South, and ran fo fwift, that they loft
fifteen Leagues in two Days. This obliged the
Captain to alter his Defign for the Molukkos , and
bear up the Helm for Banda.
The fifth of February , they got Sight of theBanfa
Blands of Banda , and made all the Sail they could
to reach them before Night. Drawing near, the
Captain fent his Skiff to get Intelligence of fome
of the Natives who fent him Word, that the Hol¬
landers would not fuffer any Ship to enter the
Road ; that they would take all he brought (i>f
fuch Things as they flood in need of) and make
Payment at their own Pleafure : That if any
Junk came with Commodities faleable in the
Country, they were not permitted to fpeak to
the People; but were carried to the back Side of
the Caftle, within Mu(ket-(hot of the Ordnance,
fo that not a Man of them could fet his Foot a-
(hore, but a Bullet was fent after him ; and that
they had fifteen great Junks which were detain¬
ed in that Manner.
What Hope is there (fays the Captain to the Dutch -
Adventurers) to make a Voyage there, feeing aedrgt
they dealt fo ill with all who came into the Road,
and
1 6 to.
Darid
id 'leton
Vovages of the English^ the East Indies.
and baniflicd Captain Keeling, not permitting him a nience of the Road, (for they faid
■ • • • r\ i i . _ . _ l ! _ F) Ill.-
l.i trtul tht
•2tle,
to flay to gather in his Debts, but gave him Bills
-- to receive his Money at Bantam. r et for ail
this he flood into the'Road with Flag and En-
fign, and at each Yard-arm a Pendant, making
a very good Figure. The Governor of the Caftle
thinking it had been a Da^Ship, fent out a Pin¬
nace of thirty Tons towards the Expedition , but
coming near, flood into the Road before her ; fo
that after they had hailed the Captain, he could
have no further Speech with them.
A s foon as he was thwart of Lontor , he fa-
luted the Town with Ordnance, and anchored
within Shot of their Ships. Prefencly there came
a Dutch Boat aboard, from the Governor, re¬
quiring Ahddlcton to enter the Road, and then
to land, and fhew him his Commifiion. The
Captain anfwered, that he was but new come,
and would neither fhew his Commifiion, nor im¬
part his Bufinefs to the Governor, or any Man.
They further afked, whether he was a Merchant,
or a Man of War ? He replied, that he avould pay
for what he took. Then they threatened him ;
but he told them he would ride there, let them
do their worll, and hoped he fhould defend him-
felf: Whereupon they returned to the Caftle in
a great Rage,
The Dutch were no fooner gone, but a
Croud of the People of Lantor came aboard, and
bid him welcome. From them he unuerftcod
i vt tht
'ativet.
353
it was foul 1610.
Gound) and then would come into the beft Part P»vld
of the Harbour: Adding, that neither of their
Princes gave any Authority to their Subjedls, to,rbe Captatn
hinder the other to ride, or go, at their own P c-refufu.
rils. The Dutch replied, that the Country was
theirs: Then may I (faid Middleton) the more
boldly ride here, for we are Friends. So they de¬
parted in Difpleafure.
The fame Evening, he was about to land Ord¬
nance upon the Side of an Hill, where he rid ;
and began to fit the Ship to fight with any who
fhould moleft him : He alfo lent out lome to feai ch
the Bottom ; which, indeed, proved to be no¬
thing but Rocks, fo that there was no Poflibility
of riding there with Safety. W herefore the Cap¬
tain gave over his Defign of landing Ordnance ;
and, next Morning, fent his Skiff with Mr.
Spalding, and the principal Perfons of the Ship,
with a Letter to the Governor ; ordering them to
fay nothing more than he had written, and make
no Stay, but bring an Anfwer prefently ; for
they rode very badly. 1 he Copy ot the Letter is
as followeth :
May it pleafe your Worship,
'jjr’iTH Patience to confidev , that whereas you Writes to
rr bave divers Enemies , ( and few Fr iends in th Gwtmor.
this Place ) 1 being a Chriftian, if your _ IVorJhip
h a him welcome, rrom mem nc unuuuwu r.
the whole Affairs of the Country, which would d Jland in Need of any thing that I have, P™y yctl
•n- _ him if hp rrmlrl kc hold to demand it, and I will be as ready to
Jder the
I'glilhfa
'part.
have been willing to deal with him, if he could
have procured Leave of the Hollanders , for they
were then Friends ; but Puloway and Polatronu
were at W^ar with them. The Captain knowing,
that there w’as good Fifning in troubled AVater,
took the Opportunity to talk privately with a
Native of Puloway , who happened to be among
them. ThisPerfon he engaged, for a little Mo¬
ney, to acquaint thofe of the Ifland, that he
would give them either Silver or Commodities
for all their Spice : That the Hollanders and he
were likely to be Enemies; and that they need
not fear, but that he would get their Spice a-
board one Way or other.
Mean time there came the fame Boat from
the Caftle, and another from the Vice-Admiral,
with peremptory Orders from the Governor to
Captain Middleton to come in. After flaying
them to Dinner, he told them, that he would
ride there, and run the Danger of the Road :
That he knew both Nations were Friends m
Europe ; and that for them to be Enemies there
among Strangers would be fcandalous. Where¬
upon they told him plainly, that he mull not
ride there ; and that if he perfifled, they would
fetch him in per Force. His Anfwer was, that
he would ride there, till he found the Lnconve-
Voj.,1. N“i7.
make bold to demand it, and I will be as ready to
perform it to my Power. For whereas there is A-
mity between our Princes at home, 1 Jhould be un¬
willing, that we their Subjects Jhould be at Enmity
here. Farther , forafmuch as you command me to
come under the Command of theCaJlle , I hope I have
the Privilege , that both Princes allow their Sub-
lefts to come and go at their own Pleafures, and
Jland to the Danger of the Road at their own Pe-
e rils. And whereas you demanded to fee my Commij-
fion, I am a Gentleman, and willing to few it up¬
on equal Terms : For if you would meet me fecurcly,
as 1 would do you, appoint your Meeting on the
JVater, in our Boats equally manned ; or in any
other convenient Place, where 1 may be as near my
Force as you are to yours. And whereas it is re¬
ported, that a Contra ft is to be made with the In¬
habitants of Lantor, and your IVorJhip J my Defire
is that you would ufe me as an Indian for my Mo-
f ney : Then Jhould 1 think myfclf much beholden to your
IVorJhip, and am more willing to deal with you, than
with them. Furthermore , forafmuch as you be at
Enmity with the IJlands of Puloway and Pulonn,
my Defire is to be refolved , whether I may have
their Spice without your Hinder ance. Thus dejirtng
your Anfwer to thefe Particulars, and the fame to
be returned by thefe Bearers , / bid you farr£^ •
ZJL4 1 9/71
z
Voyages of the E n g l i s h to the East Indies,
354
1610. From aboard my Ship, this feventh of February, a Then the Company rifing up, drank a, Cup of 1610,
David 160Q-10. Wine, and went to walk and view the Caftle : David
Micdietcn. ^ . P . The Offices whereof were very neat, and well Middleton
Imn, Fnendjhip, fUmifhh with Armour and Munition. - -
David Middleton.
rut,!, Prt The Englijh , coming to the Caftle, were
faratim. brought to the Governor, who was fitting in
Council, and delivered the Letter, which was
read openly : But they would fend him no An-
fwer, only by Word of Mouth. They had, in b
the Road, three great Ships of onethoufand Tons,
and three Pinnaces of thirty Tons each. One of
the Ships, called the Great Sun , being unfit for
Service, they had determined, that fhe fhould
clap the Expedition aboard, and there be fet a
Fire: For this Purpofe they had fworn feveral
Perfons to make her faft with Chains ; and
had put into her thirty Barrels of Powder to blow
her up. She was to be manned out of the Caftle,
attended with all the Ships and Boats to receive c
the Men when fhe fhould take Fire. The Great
Horn was to go and ride within Mufket-fhot of
the Englijh , and batter them while the Frigots
plied round about, to keep them doing on all
Sides.
’The c^ain Those who landed, perceiving the Speed they
lands bimfef made to warp out the Great Sun , came away as
faft as they could to acquaint Captain Middleton
with what was going forwards. Whereupon he
thought fit to go and fpeak with the Governor d
himfelf, before he came to a Rupture. So taking
his Commiffion, he went to the Caftle, and was
met at landing by the Governor, and all the prin¬
cipal Men, both of the Caftle and Ships j and
conduced through a Guard of fmall Shot of
three hundred Soldiers, who faluted him with
three Volleys, and the Caftle with feven Pieces
of Ordnance. At length he came to the Gover¬
nor’s Chamber, where there were Chairs fet for
them two ; the reft fat on Forms. After many e
Compliments of welcome to the Caftle, Captain
Middleton told them: That underftanding they
would not be perfuaded but he was a Pirate, and
Shew bis had no Commiffion, he was come himfelf, and
C-.mr.ijjton, had brought his Commiffion with him,- to ma-
nifeft the contrary. Then he called to his Man
for it, and (hewed it, reading the firft Line to
them, and lapped it up again.
They Laid, that they would fee it all : The
Captain anfwered, that they fhould not while he f
lived ; that they all faw he was nominated in the
Commiffion, and that the great Seal was fixed to
it. After this, he would have returned aboard,
but was defired to ftay a while : Pie complied,
and there palled Words between them, fome
Iharp, and fome fweet : But at length they began
to be more mild, and called for a Cup of Wine.
SECT. II.
The Dutch feem fatisfed : But refufe him Lading,
He puts them to Defiance. Sails for Puloway.
Stops by the JVay. Sends a Merchant on Shore.
Agrees for Spices. Put to great Difficulties.
Dutch Treachery. They are kept in Awe : Yet
difirefs the Englilh. Terrify the Ifianders. A
great Storm . In Fear of Canibals. Meet the
Bark. The Captain in Danger of drowning :
Occafioned by a Surprife.
CAPTAIN MIDDLETON taking his r%/««
Time, refolved to fee what Money would fitisfed.
do, (which often, fays he, maketh wife Men
blind ;) accordingly he offered one thoufand Pound
to be fure of having Lading ; and to give his
Chain from about his Neck to one to procure it,
promifing to pay for Spice more then they did.
Having fet this Matter on Foot, he told the Go¬
vernor, now they were fatisfied, that he was no
Man of War, he would bring in his Ship. He
replied, with the reft, that they were ready to
oblige him all in their Power. It drawing late,
he took his Leave, and at his going into the
Boat, the Governor caufed all the Ordnance in
the Caftle to be fhot off. As he paffed by the Ships
and Frigats, they fhot off Guns till he got aboard.
Next Day, being the eighth of February , he
brought his Ship into the Road, and rid between
their Ships and the Caftle, firing off all his Ord¬
nance ; and was anfwered plentifully from the
Caftle and Ships.
As foon as they came to Anchor, the Go-Butrefife
vernor, with all the Chiefs of the Caftle and Ships, bmLtt<t"'S
came aboard, and accepted of a Dinner, fuch as
they could provide. Afterwards he talked about
his Lading, but could neither by Argument, nor
the Offer of Gifts, obtain Leave to buy a fingle
Pound of Spice ; the Governor telling him
plainly, that to grant fuch a Liberty, was as much
as his Life was worth. The Captain finding no
Good was to be done, determined to take in Wa¬
ter, and try his Fortune : But they would not
fufter his Boat to go afliore for W ater, without
a Man of theirs, to fee that they had no Confe¬
rence with the Natives. After he had gotten in
Water, he fent Mr. Spalding to acquaint the
Governor, that he would be. gone ; who much
wondered, whither the Captain intended to go, Heirava
the Winds being Wefterly. Having warped'^
till he could get Sea-room to fet fail, the Go¬
vernor fent three Pinnaces to go out with him;
one of which fent her Boat aboard to com¬
mand
i6io.
I David
^Middleton.
)aih for
■'ulowaf.
.<'0/51 by ti*
ii'fiy,
ji Sends a Met
Itbant on
Store,
Voyages of tlx Englis
mand him, in the Governor’s Name, not to go a
near any of thofe Iflands. Captain Middleton fent
him Word, he would not be at his Command,
for he was going to Puloway as faft as he could 3
biding him fend his Ships to force him away, for
that he would quickly drive the Frigats farther
off. The Boat returned aboard one of the Fri-
g'ats 3 and the Captain caufed the Men to prepare
themfelves to fight with the Dutch Ships that were
already fitted, with their Sails brought to the
Yard for the Purpofe. He then called all his 1
Company to know their Minds, and told them,
that if they would ftand by him, he intended to
make his Voyage at thofe Iflands in fpight of the
Hollanders: Promifing to give amongft them what
Things belonged to him in the Ship 3 and a Main¬
tenance, during Life, to every Man who fhould
happen to be maimed.
Hereupon they unanimoufly declared they
were willing to Hand the Tefl: But the Pinnaces
feeing them bring up their fmall Shot, thought it <
would not be fafe for themfelves to guard him
any longer, and therefore bore up for the Harbour.
While they were a warping out, the Admiral,
Vice-Admiral, and Lieutenant-Governor of the
Cattle had been twice aboard the Pinnaces 3 but
what they did there, was unknown to the Englijh.
The Winds being Weflerly, and a great Stream
fetting to the Eaft North-Eaft, they drove a great
Pace : So the Captain fent Mr. Spalding in the
Boat with Money, befides the Purfer’s Mate, 1
and five more, to aflure the People of Puloway,
that they had parted Enemies with the Hollan¬
ders', and that they were fent him to know, whe¬
ther they would fell him their Spice 5 that he
would pay them Money for it, and that as foon
as fome Place was found for the Ship to ride in,
he would come himfelf either in the Ship, or a
Pinnace that he had aboard ready to fet up.
While his Boat was abfent, there came two
Praws from Lantor , to know why he went away ?
The Captain told them, that the Stream had fet
the Ship off : That he would fain have gone to
Puloway , if the Current had not hindered him,
and had fent a FaHor there to buy Spice. They
faid, they were glad that he had not left them al¬
together. Then he defired them to tell the In¬
habitants of Lantor , that he would give them
Money or Commodities for all the Spice which
they had, if they would fell it him, rather than
the Hollanders , who came to take their Country
from them. One of them faid, that he would
go to the I ftand and fee the Captain’s People,
and then would (peak to thofe of Lantor.
At Mr. Spalding’s going afliore, the Country
flocked about and welcomed him, but would
make no Bargain about the Price, till Captain
Middleton came himfelf 3 however they offered to
deliver Spice upon Account in the mean time.
H
to th s East Indies.
Upon this, he ordered Spalding to hire him a Pilot
355
-r- . -7 - ,- - f ----- -a -- - l6lO.
(if he could) to harbour his Ship near at Hand. Divid
Accordingly he fpoke to the Inhabitants for one, Middleton,
and they hired him a couple, to whom they gave
twenty Ryals, and the Captain as much. The
Pilots coming aboard the fame Night, he bare up
the Helm for Seran , and came to a Place called
Gelagula , a tolerable good Road, thirty Leagues
from Banda. As foon as poflibly they could,
they took a Houfe, and brought their Pinnace
afhore to fet-up, which they could never find
Time to do before 3 becaufe the Seafon of the
Year flipped fo faft away, and the Monfon was at
an End. After labouring all that Night to get
her difpatched, he named her the Hopewell. The
twenty-feventh of March , they failed for Pulo¬
way , and arrived there the thirty-firft in the
Night 3 but could not lade any Spice till he had
agreed with the Natives.
They afked many Duties and great Gifts 3 Agree fir
but in fine, he agreed to pay as Captain Keeling S{»ce,
had done, and gave the Chiefs what they looked
for : For every one mutt have fomewhat, Which
the reft muft not know of 5 and a Man muft al¬
ways be giving, for they never ceafe begging :
Nor is it prudent to deny them any reafonable
Matter, efpecially as the Cafe flood with him.
After the Price was fixed, they laded the Hope-
well with Mace, and fent her away : But being
too fmall for the Purpofe, containing only nine
Tons, the Captain was forced to hire a great
Praw, which was laded with Nuts, and fent to
the Ship 3 where fhe was built higher, to make
her twenty-five Tons, and twelve of the ableft
Sailors put on board. She made but one Voyage,
and then they heard no News of her for three
Months. The Hopewell in two Voyages bring¬
ing no Account of her, they took it for granted
fhe had funk in the Storm, which arofe in her Re¬
turn with the Hopewell , aboard whereof the Cap-
: tain was himfelf. He was much grieved to fee put to ?re*t
the Seafon wear away, without being able to get Difficulties,
his Lading over to the Ship 3 nor durft he bring
the Ship over to the Ifland, for there was no
Riding for her. Thus all Hope being at an Er.i
for fix Months, he made Inquiry for other Vef-
fels 5 and hearing of an old Junk that belonged to
Lantor , and lay near the Hollanders Ships, he
went and bought her, and got fuch Help as he
could to trim her.
f The Want of his twelve Men put him to
great Difficulties and Delays, for moft of the
reft were difabled with fore Legs 3 and as foon as
one was any thing well, he was obliged to go a-
board the Hopewell , while another poor lame
Man took his Room: Some were three Times
well, and down again. Thus he was driven to
his Wit’s End, not knowing which Way to
turn 3 the Ifland being every Hour in Danger of
Z z 2 ’ being
356
1610.
David
Mid lieton,
Dutch Trea
stray.
Tbty are
kept in Jlxvt,
Yet diflreft
the Engh/h,
jind terrify
! he ljlanderi.
Voyages of the Engl
being taken by the Hollanders , who alfo fought
to make him away; offering large Sums of Mo¬
ney to Rogues to effect it, either by Poffon or
'otherwife: But he had fome Friends upon the
Ifland, who gave him private Notice hereof; and
warned him to beware of fuch Men-flaves, for
that they came to do him a Mifchief. Hereupon
he was obliged to get all the Iflands to draw to
an Head, and fit out their Caricolles to keep the
Dutch Pinnaces from coming aboard. After which
they kept their Diftance, and the Iflanders land¬
ing fecretly upon Nera , cut off feveral of the
Hollanders ; infomucb, that they durft not ftir
out bf the Caftle, except there w ere a good many
of them together well armed.
These Iflanders built a Fort upon the Side of
an Hill, from whence they fhot into the Caftle,
which galled the Hodanders much ; and effe&ual-
]y hindered the Pinnaces from coming out to cut
them off, as oftentimes they had attempted a, to
the great Danger of the Englijh : For in nine
Voyages, which the Captain made with the Pin¬
nace, he never could fpare above feven Men to
go in her, and there were but five at Pulovjay ;
the reft being either lame or fick, and in a Coun¬
try where all Eatables were extremely dear, and
to be had only at certain Times. Add to this
the continual rainy Weather, which had like to
have deftroyed them all.
Captain MIDDLETON was obliged to
get away the Junk untrimmed, which he had
bought at Lantor ; for the Dutch feeing Men at
Work upon her, fent one of their Ships to batter
her to Pieces, when fhe fhould be in Order : So
that the Night fhe weighed, he got the Help
of two Towns to launch her, and was to carry
her a great Way upon Rowlers. They did this
in the Dark, and getting her out of Sight by
Day, brought her to Puloway ; where, being
nothing but the bare Hull, they were fain to buy
Sails, and every thing elfe for her. The Captain
fent alfo to the Ship, by the Hopewell , to fetch
fome Rigging, and Mr. John Davis to carry her
over, fitting her (as well as he could) with the
filly Carpenters of the Country.
Three Weeks being paft, without hearing
of the Pinnace, he began to fear fome Misfor¬
tune had befallen her: What was worfe, he
knew he might wait long enough before they a-
board [the Ship] could hire any [Veffel] to fend
to him, the Hollanders having feized all that they
had taken carrying Victuals to the Bandanefe.
Therefore, as it was pretty fair Weather, and the
Skiff was then at Puloway , Captain Middleton
determined to go over himfelf, and make fome
ish to the East Indies.
a Shift, rather than let the Time run on without j6io.
doing any Thing : For he could not hire Men David
to carry over the Junk, if he would have laded [Ml^ltt0
her with Silver. He hired three Blacks , not ’‘v"“
having a Man of his own that could ftand on his
Legs, and with them put to Sea.
Being out of Sight of Land, there aro fcJg'ut
fuch a Storm, that he was forced to fpoon afore Shrm'
the Sea to fave their Lives; yet they got Sight
of Seran , but coming near the Shore, the Sea
b broke fo violently, that they loft all Hope of get¬
ting fafe to Land. Night approaching, they
ft rove all they could to keep her upon the Sea
till Morning ; but the Storm increafing, they
found themfelves compelled to hazard all in or¬
der to put into the Breach, over a Ledge of Rocks.
In this, however, they fucceeded ; yet no Man
durft forfake the Boat, for fear of being beaten
to Pieces againft the Rocks. Next Day, they got
her afhore, and emptied her ; being brimful of
c Water, and every Thing, that they had in her,
wafhed over- board. As it was extremely foul
Weather, with much Rain, they could not tell
what to do.
In this Perplexity the Blacks came and told Fear ej
them, that they muft put to Sea forthwith, if Cambah,
they meant to fave their Lives. The Captain
afking one of them the Reafon ; he faid, it was
the Canibals Country ; who, if they got Sight of
them, would kill and eat them : That they never
d ranfomed any Men they took; and that if they
were Chrijlians , they roafted them alive, for
Wrongs the Portugueze had done them: That,
therefore, if the Sailors would not put to Sea a-
gain, they would go hide themfelves ; for that
the Canibals would be down at the Water-
fide, as foon as it was Day-light, to fee if they
could difcover anyFifhermen or Pafiengers, that,
by Health, paffed by in the Night b. They hear¬
ing this, (and the Moon beginning to fhine, the
e Wind to duller, and a Tide of Flood being alfo
with them) prefently put off again. They foon
got a-head a good Pace, and by Day were clear
of their Watches.
A s thus they went on, keeping clofe along Meeti m
Shore, they efpied the Hull of a Bark ; and row- Bari>
ing near it, found it to be the Diligence c, with
a couple of Englijhmen in her : They told him,
that having come to an Anchor there in the late
Storm, the Cable broke, and fhe drove afhore;
f and that Mr. Herniman was gone to the Town,
to get Men to haul her up: Hereupon, the
Captain landed himfelf, to get the Governor to
bring fome Help to fave her. The Sand being
crouded with People, who came on Purpofe to
a Something muft be omitted here in Purchas. b The People both of the Eaft and Weft Indies are full of
fuch idle Notions ; and often invent them to ferve fome particular Ends. * This VelTel is not named
before, though it is mentioned here as if it was.
” have
Voyages of the Engli
161O. have pillaged her, he ordered them to make a
David Shot now and then, which kept them from com-
iddieton. jpg near> When the Captain came to the Town,
fyfr. Herniman was gone by Land to the Ship,
which was twelve Miles off. Having offered the
Governor Money for Afliftance, he faid, he would
gather the Country in two or three Days : Cap¬
tain Middleton told him, that if it blew, {he
would be loft within an Hour. One belonging
to Puloway , who knew the Bark, and was earneft
with the Governor to fave her, being there,
plainly told him, that the Chief wanted to have
her bulged, that he might get the Plank to build
him a Praw.
Djtgtr The Captain perceiving there was no Help to
irvwning, jjg expe&ed, but what came from the Ship, he
hired Guides to follow Mr. Herniman , and took
one of his own Men for Company. Half Way,
they came to a great Water, which they were to
crofs. As his Man could not fwim, the Captain
fent his Cloaths back, all but a fcarlet Mandilian a,
which the Blacks were to carry over. They told
him, the River was full of Aligators ; and that
if he faw any, he muft fight with them, or they
would kill him : And for thatPurpofe, the Black
\ carried a great Knife in his Mouth. Middleton
being weary, not having flept for two Nights,
took the Water before the Indians , knowing they
would be over before him. The River being
broad, and the Current made by the great Rain
(that had fallen) very fwift, the Indians would
have had him turn back ; but as he was more
t efimiby than half Way, he was very unwilling. He who
u^rizt. carrjed the Mandilian, having a great Cane, ftruck
the Captain on the Side; who, fufpe&ing it had
been an Aligator, dived under Water ; Where the
Current got fuch hold on him, that before he
could rife again, he was carried into the Sea, and
thrown by the Waves againft the Beach. He was
wafhed backwards and forwards feveral Times ;
till the Indian came, and giving him Hold of the
End of the Cane, pulled him out, within a little
of being drowned, having his Back and Shoulder
much bruifed. After he had refted himfelf for
fome Time, he got aboard, to the Surprize of
his Company ; and that Night, fent all that were
able to crawl, to fave the Bark ; which they did
with much Fatigue. As for the People of the
Country, not a Man wasfuffered to lend a Hand ;
expecting the Englifh would forfake her, and that
Tie would be all their own.
SECT. III.
s h to the East Indies.
a Dutch Defign again/} the Englifh, and Banda
Mi/carries by Accident. Another Dif appointment.
Fleets of Dutch daily arrive. They lofe feveral
Ships. The Captain leaves Bantam, and returns
home.
357
1 6 1 o.
Divid
Middleton.
Ship- made by the Captain to lade Spice. cfbe
lenders grow jealous of the Englifh. Are pa-
He leaves Puloway. Comes to Bantam.
* A 0f CafTock, or loofe Coat, which Soldiers formerly ufed to wear
NEXT Day, the Hopewell arrived with her shifts to lade
Lading of Spice. She had been driven to Spice.
the Eaftward of Banda thirty Leagues, in a moft
furious Storm ; which continued long, and caufed
b them to have a tedious Paflage to get to Wind¬
ward. The Captain went from Puloiuay in the
Boat, and laded prefently ; and Mr. Davis was
lading as faft as he could, with a poor lame Crew,
the found being all employed about the Diligence.
They prefently unladed her [the Hopewell ;] and
that Night, Captain Middleton fet Sail in her, to
fee if he could get to Puloway , before Mr. Davis
came away : For, as they told him the Junk was
very leaky, he was willing, that the Hopewell
c fhould bear her Company, for fhe had not a
Nail in her ; and becaufe the fimple Smiths of
the Country cannot make Nails, they having had
none of their own, ordered him they employed,
to make Iron Pins, which they difpofed of in the
moft needful Places. The Captain in the Hope-
■- well , ftriving to reach Puloway , was turned alide
by the Stream, in a mighty Storm; for the
ftronger the Wind, the ftronger the Current-
Being put to Leeward, they were long before
d they could fetch the Ship ; and were forced to
feek the Seran Shore, otherwife they had been
quite blown away. The Captain having, in the
feveral Trips he made, ftfll fallen to Leeward of
the Ship, caufed Mr. Davis to fearch the Coaft
for fome Harbour ; that for the future the Veflels
that were provided, might come from Puloway
dire&ly to the Ship : Becaufe, when deep laden,
they could not fo eafily ply to Windwards with
their Oars.
e During the Captain’s long Stay from Pulo-^hfhfndert
way, and the Iffands of Banda , the Natives had}ea oul
Intelligence, that the Ship had weighed Anchor;
and were perfuaded, that he was gone for Fear of
the Hollanders , who were determined to come
and furprife him. For this Reafon, the Country
People would not deal with the Engli/b any more,
nor fell them Vi&uals, but began to abufe and
rail at them : Saying, he was gone in the Ship,
and had left them behind inthelfiand, after the Ex-
f ample of the Hollanders ; and would like thefe
return with a Fleet, and take their Country from
them. Hereupon, they determined to feize upon
the Houfe, and keep the Men Prifoners, upon an
high Rock. With this View, they fent for the
Shah Bandar b, that by joint Confent, they might
take Pofleffion of all the Goods. When the Shah
b In Pur (has, Sabandar.
Bandar
35s
1610.
David
Mirdleton.
Voyages of the
Bandar came, Mr. Spalding went to acquaint him a
with the hard Ufage of the Iflanders, who began
to take Things out of the Houfe by Force. The
Shah Bandar faid, they would take Care, that the
Englijh (hould not do as the Hollanders had done,
and were determined to lay them faft : For that
the Ship was gone, and their Meaning was not
good. In fhort, all that Mr. Spalding could fay,
would not perfuade them, but that he and the
of the Eng- reft, were left there by Defign. Next Day, cal-
ling a Council in the Church, they refolved to b
fend the Men Prifoners to the Rock : But Word
English to the East Indies.
well himfelf ; and fet Sail the feventh of Septem- 1 6 1 C
ber , from Puloway , with the Junk, Middleton ,
in his Company ; having ftaid longer in the Coun¬
try, than any Englijhman ever did before. He ar¬
rived at the Ship the tenth, and found fhewasnot
fully laden ; for feven Tons of the Nuts were
fpoiled, that came laft from Puloway . Having
fupplied this Deficiency out of the Hopewell, and
the Junk, he turned off the former, (which had
done very good Service, and brought an hundred
Tons of Goods aboard) : For, being but half Inch
Plank, (he was fo Worm-eaten, that theypump-
coming, while they were fitting, that Captain ed continually in her, and never could find Time
Middleton was in Sight in the Hopewell , they broke to (heath her.
David
Middletc
*7 bey are pa
oijicd.
up their Confultation. At his landing, Mr. Spald¬
ing told him of their hard Ufage of them, and
the Fear they were in. As the Chiefs of all the
Iflands fat before their Door, waiting for his
Coming, he afked them the Reafon, why they
dealt fo ill with his People, in his Abfence? They
told him plainly, that if he had not come as he <
did, they would have taken the Goods, and con¬
fined the Men. He then let them know the Rea¬
fon for removing the Ship ; adding, that it was
no Wonder the Hollanders had built a Caftle to de¬
fend themfelves, when they dealt fo hardly by
him, who was in Friendfhip with them ; and had
not only left Men amongft them, with Commo¬
dities which the Country flood in Need of, but
had alfo made the Dutch , who were their Ene¬
mies, his own Enemies ; and endeavoured by all c
the Means he could contrive, to do all the Blands
good, as they all very well know.
T o this they anfwered, that he (hould not
blame them to be jealous of Chrijlians , fince both
the Portugueze and Hollanders , for many Years,
had done as he has done: But that in the End,
they found their Defign was to take their Coun¬
try from them. However, they faid, now, he was
come himfelf, they hoped, he would not think
the worfe of them for what had pafted. Here¬
upon, they became good Friends again, and the
Trade for Spice went on brifkly. Captain Mid¬
dleton , after lading his Ship, having fome Stock
left, thought he could not do better, than lay it
out in the fame Commodities. Accordingly, he
laded thirty Tons more in the Junk; and bought
another of forty Tons (on the Stocks) with Spice
to lade her ; leaving Mr. Spalding to come in her;
and Mr. Chapman , a very honeft experienced
Man, for Mafter ; befides ten Perfons more.
Leave Pulo- After this. Captain Middleion went and took
*vay* his Leave of all the Country, in a moft loving
Manner ; and beftowed feveral Gifts for a.Fare-
we! : Entreating them to help Mr. Spalding , if he
(hould (land in Need of their Aftiftance ; for that
in his Abfence, he muft rely upon them. This
they promifed to do; adding many Expreffions of
Kindnefs. He was forced to carry over the Hope-
After the Ship was wholly laden, they fet Lefetbtw
Sail from Keeling Bay the fame Day, without Top-^V-/«*«
fails, which had been blown from the Yard,
(where they had been ever fince the Ship came
into the Country, for Fear of the Dutch , or other
Treachery) in her Paffage from the Place where
fhe rode before, feven Leagues to the Eaftward ;
Mr. Davis , having removed her by the Captain’s
Diredlions. As, on this Account, the Junk went
better than the Ship, Captain Middleton fent for
the Mafter aboard, and making Mr. Mufgrave
his Mate, fent a Letter to Bantam by him, de¬
firing him to make all the Speed he could thither;
he propofing to overtake them, when his Top-
fails, which they worked-at Night and Day, were
up. Accordingly, being foon finished, on the
fixteenth, the Ship overtook the Junk; which not
being able to keep her Company, (unlefs fhe took
in her Top- fails, or the Junkcrouded more Sail,
which would be dangerous,) the Captain bid
them not drive to keep up with him, for Fear
of fpringing a Leak, but follow him to Bantam ;
where he haftened to trim the Ship, which requi¬
red a good deal of Time.
Then holding on his Courfe, on the ninth oiccmiA
October, he arrived in Bantam Road. Here he found
that Mr. Henfworth , and Edward Nee ties, both
died, foon after he left them : So that all the Goods
remained ; not a Yard of Cloth having been dif-
pofed of to the Chinefe. Moft of the Company be¬
ing (till troubled with fore Legs, and manyfickly,
he left the unfeund aboard under the Surgeon’s
Care; and manned the Junks with thole who
were in perfect Health. There came in a fmall
Ship, which after having been at China , Japan ,
' Tarnata , Makian , Koromandel , Patane , and Jor
went to Amboy na, and Banda , to feek for Lading
But not getting any, was forced to rep. ir to '11S
Port, to lade Pepper. This Ship, when at Pn~
da , failing near Puloway , let fly all herOrdnilceJ
one of whole Shot pafted through an ijan s
Houfe, and two Suckles of Mace in the Englijh
Houfe, hit the Purfer’s Mate upon the Sln> an^
entering a Cheft of fine Pintados, fpoe<^ many
of them. It did not break the Mate’'^eo > but
the
Voyages of the E n q l i s h to the East I, n d i e s.
3*9
6 10. the poor Man lay fix Months at leaft, not able to
David (land.
iddieton. Captain Middleton contrived Matters To
jQ^well at Banda, to fecure his own Lading firft,
J at Bin- that although the Dutch had two great Ships half
laden before his Arrival, they could not get One
lingle Pound of Spice afterwards. At the fame
Time, they were ftark mad to fee the Englijh
pafs by them daily with that Commodity : Where¬
fore, they determined, with their Ships, totake the
lfland, and feize the Spice, which they knew the
Captain had bought, at fuch a Time as they
might eafily have done it a. For the Bandanefe ,
being flulhed with the Slaughter of fome of the
draggling Hollanders , refolved to aflault their Caf-
tles, and fire their Ships at Anchor, purpofing to
burn the Old Sun clofe to the Caftle Gates. To
this Effect, they took all the able Men along with
them, leaving not palling forty behind, befides
Women and Children. The two great Ships,
and thefe Pinnaces, came out under Sail, with
three Boats apiece at their Sterns; and the Frigats,
/cjrritt with two Praws b each, to land Men. They chofe
ittarce, fuch a Time, that they might have come alhore,
and taken every Man one in his Arms, and
carried them quite away ; for there were no Wea¬
pons left in the Iflands, except what the Englijh
had. However, their Defign mifearried ; For it
proving calm when they were out of the Har¬
bour, they could not get in again ; and it be¬
ing at the Time of Spring Tide, the Ebb fet the
Ships to the Southward of the lfland ; and' the
Pinnaces were obliged to follow the Ships, for
Fear the Caricolles fhould have fnapped them. Af¬
ter labouring with all their Power for two Days,
to come back, they were forced to proceed for
Bantam , to lade Pepper.
* tier Dif- Being long becalmed by the Way, they de-
mntmtnt. feried a Ship right to Leewards, which, they
thought, could be none but Captain Middleton :
Wherefore it was agreed in Council, to take him
and all his Spice : But what they defigned to have
done with the Ship and Company, he could not
learn. It proved to be the Provincia of Holland ,
a great Ship that was bound to Banda ; and had
been at the Alolukkos , but could not get one Pound
of Spice ; and being informed by the other two,
that they came from Banda , with half their La¬
ding, they turned back with them to Bantam ,
to lade Pepper ; And thus Middleton efcaped.
7-» «/ There came eight [Dutch] Ships to Bantam ,
1 ch duly l or Pepper ; and bccaufe they were to ftay a Year
a for their Lading, they took in Pi inks, and Ma- 1610.
terials for making Flankers, and (Lengthening David
their Caftles at Banda , and Tarnata , whither
they went after Captain Middleton's Arrival. Plis
lame Company, being very weak, fell fick ; his
Gunner, and one of fiis Quarter- Mailers, died;
and three more, prefently alter them. Meffieurs
Davis , and [Thomas] Clayborne , being fick, (the
latter dangeroufly) and himfelf not well with
Grief, to fee the Condition they were reduced
b to, he haftened to be gone from that contagious-
Country; hoping, that his People would mend,
if they were out at Sea. Wherefore the Ship be¬
ing fitted, the W eftern Alonfoti come, and no.
ProfpedFof the Arrival of the Junks before Alay,
he refolved to return. But if one of the Junks
had come, he would have remained in the Coun¬
try, and fitted her to go for Saldania , ('a Place
where the Dutch h ad made confiderable Voyages.)
As they did not, he thought it mod for the Com-
c pany’s Service, to leave the Indies , in order to
bring home the Ship, in cafe Davis and Clay-
borne (hould die by the Way. Three Days be¬
fore he quitted Bantam , four Sail of a new Dutch
Fleet of nine Ships, entred the Road. They brought
a great Number of Women, to inhabit the Places
they had conquered : They were fo very weak,
that the other Ship’s Company were forced to
fetch them in one by one.
That fame Day, a Ship from Tarnata , (fent They top ft ,
d with Letters to Amboyna , and Bantam ) brought vcral
News, that the Hollanders had loft their Admiral,
who went to Manilla, his Head being (hot off;
and his Ship, with two more, taken ; another,
(that would not yield) fet himfelf a fire : Thefe
four were great Ships of one thoufandTons apiece.
Four Days before this, News came from Manilla ,
that Paulus van Carles c, a General of the Hol¬
landers , who had been in the Indies four Years,
had been taken by the Spanijh Galleys at Tarnata ;
e where he remained a Prifoner in the Mafter of
the Camp’s Houfe, and all his Company were
chained in the Galleys. The Hollanders offered
a very great Ranfom for thefe Prifoners ; but the
Spaniard would releafe them on no Terms, but
their delivering up the Forts, and abandoning the
Iflands. As the Hollanders would by no Means
withdraw their Forces, the General remained a
Prifoner a Year and a quarter : • At which Time,
two Dutch Ships, having taken the new Gover-
f nor of the Molukkos in his Paflage from Manilla ,
he was rcleafed in Exchange, This General was
2 Hence, after all, it appeals, that the Succefs of this Voyage was owing not to the Addrefs, or Courage of
the Captain, but to mere Accident. Had the Dutch Ships been favoured by the Wind and Tide, all the Captain’s
Negotiations with the Natives, as well as his unwearied Diligence to load his Ship, had been fruftrated, and the
Company fufl'ered great Lofs. Perhaps, the fubtil Hollanders let him go on till he had freighted his Ship, th2t
they might come by Spice the cheaper. Hence, the Prudence of running fuch Rifques may be queftioned.
b Rather Paul 'van Cardan. c In Pure has, Prows.
tak«n-
MiJc'leton.
Leave Ban
ram.
360 Voyages of the Engl
j6io. taken a fecond Time, after a long Fight, by the
S'r Heniy Spanijh Galleys, and fent Prifoner to Manilla .
Captain Middleton , having left Rickard
IVoodies in Charge of the Houfe, and Orders for
Mr. Spalding , (when he arrive^) to undertake a
Voyage to Sukkadania , in Borneo , for Diamonds,
he departed from Bantam the fixteenth of Novem¬
ber, and had a very good Pafiage to the Road of
Saldania ; where he caft Anchor the one and
twentieth of "January , and took in Water. He
found that his Brother Sir Henry Middleton , had
arrived there, the twenty-fourth of July , and de¬
parted the tenth of Augujl 7 There alfo he found
the Copy of a Letter, which Sir Henry had writ¬
ten to the Company, and fent home by a Hol¬
lander the Day after he came into the Road. Up-
ish to the East Indies.
a on this Occafion, he obferves to the Company, 1610
that if they had not received that Letter, it was Hen
plain to fee, that they were never to expe£l any , _!1
by the Hands of the Dutch : He adds, that he had
aboard one hundred thirty-nine Tons, fix Ca-
thayes a, one Quarter and two Pounds of Nut¬
megs ; and fix hundred and twenty-two Suckets
of Mace, which made thirty-fix Tons, fifteen
Cathayes, one Quarter, and one and twenty
Pound; and that he had left in the Junk with
Mr. Herniman , four and twenty Tons, feven Ca¬
thayes, two Quarter, and eight Pound : Which
coft (including Charges) 1507 ij Ryals, five hun¬
dred whereof, he had difburfed of his own, for
Spice, which lay molt on the Orlcpe.
CHAP. XI.
The Voyage of Sir Henry Middleton to the Red-Sea, and Surat, in 1610.
Being the fixth fet forth by the Eaft India Company,
Written by Sir Henry bimfelf
S E C T. I. <
Fleet arrives at Cape Verde. Saldanna Road.
St. Auguftin’r Bay. Error in Reckoning , occa-
Jtoned by Currents. Quiriba IJlands. Effect of
Currents. Change thereof. Comes to Sokotra.
Sir Henry lands at Tamarin. Vi fits the King.
Comes to Aden. Char after of the Bajhd.
Leaves a Ship there. Sails for the Red-Sea.
Bab al Mondub. Comes to Mokha. The Snip
runs aground. The Englifh kindly received. Sir
Henry invited afore, and lands.
THERE were three Ships employed in this
Voyage : The Trade s-Increafe, of one thou-
fand Tons," the Admiral, Sir Henry Middleton,
General ; the Pepper-Corn , of two hundred and
fifty, Vice-Admiral, Nicholas Dounton, Captain;
and the Darling, of ninety Tons. The Bark
Samuel, of one hundred and eighty Tons Bur¬
then, followed as a Victualler b.
Artiues at The firft of May, 1610, the Fleet anchored
Gaps V»«de. in the Road of Cape Verde , under an Ifland ;
where they found a Frenchman of Diep, fitting
up a fmall Pinnace. Next Day, the Carpenters
of all the Ships, went about repairing the Main-
niaft of the Trade's- Increafe. Pulling off the Fifties
they found it in a very bad Condition ; and
above the upper Deck, about three boot, wrung
more than half afunder : Had they met with any
foul Weather, it muft have gone by the Board.
Sir Henry fent one of his Carpenters on Shore, to
fearch for Trees; who returned that Night, with
Word, that he had feen fome which would ferve
their Turn.
The third, they began to unlade the Samuel,
and fent Carpenters to cut down Trees > hav¬
ing obtained Leave of the Alcayde, who came
aboard, and dined with the General. Sir Henry
gave him a Piece of Roan Cloth, (bought of the
Frenchman) and other Trifles.
The fifteenth, having made an End of Water¬
ing, and flowed all their Boats in the Night, they
prepared to depart next Morning. The Author
fays, Cape Verde was the beft Place he knew for
outward-bound Ships : The Road being excellent
good, fit for Difpatch of any Bufinefs, and well
flocked with Fifh ; befides, it lay in their Courfe.
Having called Captain Dounton , and the Mafters,
to know what Courfe was beft to hold till they
pafled the Line, it was concluded to fleer South
South-Weft for fixty Leagues, after that. South
South-Eaft, till they came near the Line, and then
1 Or KaltV s. b Thefe Circumftances are taken from the Title of this Voyage in Purchas, Vol. 1. p. 247.
where it takes up twenty-feven Pages. It is one of the moil curious of all the early Voyages of the Evglifi to
the Eaji Indies , particularly on Account of the Author’s Tranfa&ions in the Red-Sea.
to
Voyages of the English
6 f 0 to ftretch over Eafterly. Here they difmifled the
L, Henry Samuel.
iMiddieton. The four and twentieth of July , they entered
[/VN^ the Road of Saldanna , and faluted the Dutch
, .vidanna Admiral with five Pieces of Ordnance, which he
returned. There were two other Dutch Ships in
the Bay, which came to make Train-Oil of
Seals, and had filled three hundred Pipes a. This
Day he landed, and found the Names of Captain
Keeling , and others, in their Return in January ,
1609; alfo his Brother David Middletons, bound
out in Augujl, 1609 ; befides a Letter buried un¬
der Ground, according to Agreement between
them in England: But it was fo confirmed with
the Damp, that no Part of it was legible. The
twenty-fixth, they fet up a Tent for the Sick,
and had them all a-land to air the Ships. From
this Day till their Departure nothing material
happened.
to the East Indies.
361
fervation nineteen Degrees, ten Minutes. The 1610.
twentieth, at Noon, Latitude eleven Degrees, SirHcnty
ten Minutes, the Wind veering Eafterly, with
Calms ; Variation twelve Degrees, forty Minutes.
This Afternoon they faw the Ifles of ^ueriba b,Qneriba
which are low and dangerous, being environed pndu
with Rocks and Shoals.
The firft of Ottober, they fleered North-Eaft
by North, one fourth North, twenty-feven
Leagues ; the Wind for the moft Part South-
Eaft. The fecond, their Courfe the fame, fifty-
feven Leagues. The Current had carried them
thefe eight and forty Hours to the Northward,
more than they could allow by twenty-eight
Leagues. This they found by their Latitude, which
was three Degrees, thirty Minutes South ; Va- .
riation twelve Degrees, twenty-four Minutes;
Wind South and South-Eaft. The third, they fleer¬
ed North-Eaft by Eaft : The Ship’s true W ay was
it. Auguf-
1 at Bay.
The fixth of September, Latitude twenty-three North-Eaft, one fourth North, forty-one Leagues ;
Degrees, thirty Minutes, the Wind all Souther- c which were twelve Leagues more by^the Current
ly, a good Gale, they faw Land ; and before
Night came to an Anchor in St. Augujlins Bay,
where they found the Union in Diftrefs for Pro-
vifions. The feventh, the General went afhore
in his Pinnace, to look for frefh Viduals, but
could get none; fo returned with Wood and
Water.
The tenth, coafting the Shore with a good
Gale at South-Eaft, they reckoned the Ship
fhould have failed at leaft twenty-fix Leagues, yet d
went but twenty-two. North, by reafon the
than he fhould have allowed. The Latitude was
two Degrees South ; the Wdnds between South
and South-Eaft.
The fourth, their Courfe North-Eaft b yEffeStof
Eaft: Their true Way North-Eaft half a PointC«rmrr,
Northerly, forty-five Leagues ; whereof fourteen
Leagues carried with the Current : Latitude four-
teenMinutes South ; Variation thirteen Degrees ;
the Wind variable, between South-Eaft and
South. They paired the Line this Afternoon. The
fifth, they fleered twelve Hours, North-Eaft by
Error from
Current t .
fleered from Noon till Night, North North-Eaft
along the Land, which was North, half a Point
Eafterly, and till Midnight, North North-Weft;
afterwards, till Day, North by \Veft, and fo till
Noon, North : All her true Way was North
North- Weft, half a Point North, twenty-feven
Leagues. They had a great Current againft
them : For Sir Henry computed they fhould have
proceeded thirtyfcftve Leagues ; and obferved,
that the Latitude was one "and twenty Degrees,
Eaft South-Eaft. The
true* Way, North-Eaft, a little Northerly, for-
ty-feven Leagues; being carried to the North by
the Current at leaft twenty Leagues : Latitude
North, one Degree, thirty Minutes ; the Wind
South South-Eaft, and fometimes almoft calm.
The fixth, they fleered Eaft by North, and Eaft
North-Eaft : Her true Way, North-Eaft by Eaft,
a little Eafterly, thirty-eight Leagues ; helped
by the Current to the Northward, eighteen
Leagues : Latitude two Degrees, thirty Minutes ;
the Wind South South-Eaft ; Variation fifteen
Degrees, two Minutes. _ „ . T .
The feventh, they fleered Eaft by North:
five Minutes ; Wind
twelfth, they fleered between North North-Eaft,
He! ha!f a IW Norther-
greet, forty-eight Minutes : She ran twenty-feven ljr, .eight and HR :nty = Let ra. L .
Leagues. The Current, thefe laft four and twenty
Hours, fet to the Northward ; the Wind variable.
The. thirteenth, they fleered with little Wind
and Calms, for the moft Part North by Eaft;
her true Way North one third Part Weft ; the
Wind as the Day before: She failed fifteen Leagues
more than was expelled, occafioned by the Cur¬
rents fetting to the Northward. Latitude by Ob-
1 Mr. f Laurenc rl Feme /, in a Letter which I have, . r , »
Employment, which he fufpeded to lie in wait for diflrefled Ships from the Indies
Maps, Quirimba.
Vol. I. N° XVIII. Aaa
Degrees, five Minutes ; Wind all Southerly
Variation, fifteen Degrees ; carried by the Cur¬
rent ten Leagues. The eighth, their Courfe
Eaft North-Eaft ; the Ship’s true Way North-Eaft
by Eaft, half a Point Northerly, forty Leagues ;
Latitude four Degrees, twenty-feven Minutes;
the Wind South-Weft; Variation fixteen De¬
grees, four Minutes. The ninth, they fleered
written from thence, mentions two French Ships in like
Purchae. *n tiic
North-
362
i6io.
Sir Henry
Middleton
Voyages of the English to the East Indie
North-Eaft by Eaft ; her true W ay North-Eaft,
S.
one
Current ,
fourth of a Point Northerly, twenty-feven
Leagues ; Latitude five Degrees, three and twen¬
ty Minutes; Wind South-Weft ; Variation fix-
teen Degrees, four Minutes.
Change of tie The tenth, calm; Latitude five Degrees,
one and twenty Minutes : Here they loft the
Current that fet to the Northward, and were
carried to the Southward two Miles ; Variation
feventeen Degrees, ten Minutes. The eleventh,
calm ; Latitude five Degrees, twenty Minutes ;
loft one Mile. The twelfth, calm ; Latitude
five Degrees ; loft by being carried to the South¬
ward, twenty Miles. The thirteenth, they fleer¬
ed two Watches North-Eaft, and four North
North-Eaft : 7 he Ship’s true Way, as the Au¬
thor reckoned. North North-Eaft, by reafon the
Current countervailed the Variation ; fhe ran fe¬
venteen Leagues; Latitude five Degrees, fifty-
five Minutes ; the Wind Weft by North; Vari¬
ation nineteen Degrees, ten Minutes.
The fourteenth, they fteered North; her
Way, allowing the Variation, which was nine¬
teen Degrees, forty Minutes, fhould be one Point
three quarters to the Weftward : But the Varia¬
tion daily increafing, fhewed they were carried
to the Eaftward by the Current, more than the
Variation amounted to. She failed this Day for¬
ty Leagues ; the Wind Weft South-Weft ; La¬
titude feven Degrees, fifteen Minutes; her true
Way North-Eaft, carried to the Eaft ten Leagues.
The fifteenth, they fteered North ; their Latitude
eight Degrees, fifty-five Minutes; Ship’s true
Way North-Eaft, forty- five Leagues. Her Way
fhould have been North by Weft, Wefterly by.
the Variation: But the Current had carried her
to the Eaftward of her Courfe feventeen Leagues;
the Variation nineteen Degrees, five Minutes ;
the Wind Weft South-Weft.
The fixteenth, they fteered North; her Way
by the Current, North by Eaft, thirty-fix L eagues ;
carried contrary to the Variation, five Leagues
to the Eaftward, as the Author imagined ; "the
Wind South South-Weft ; Variation nineteen
Degrees, eight Minutes. The feventeenth, they
held their Courfe North , and ran nineteen
Leagues. In the Morning early they faw the Du¬
gs Hermanas a fix Leagues off, North by Weft ;
the Wind at South- Weft ; Variation eighteen
Degrees, fifty-five Minutes. The eighteenth, at
Night, they arrived at Sokotra b, and anchored
in a fandy Bay ; Latitude twelve Degrees, twen¬
ty-five Minutes. In the Evening they went on
Land with their Sayne, and got great Store of
Fifh ; Wind Eaft.
The twenty-firft, they plied for the Road of
Tamerin , the chief Place of the Bland ; but the Sir Hen;
Wind being at Eaft, and Eaft by South, it was Middleto
the twenty-fifth before they could get thither. v— *"V*
The Latitude of Tamerin is twelve Degrees, thir¬
ty Minutes ; the Variation nineteen Degrees,
eighteen Minutes. The Town ftands at the
Foot of high ragged Hills : The Road is open be¬
tween the Eaft by North, and Weft North-
Weft; they anchored in ten Fathoms Water,
good Ground. The twenty-fifth, the General
fent Mr. Fern el, well accompanied, alhore, with
a Veft of Cloth, a Piece of Plate, and a Sword-
Blade to the King, who promifed all kind Of¬
fices.
The twenty-fixth. Sir Henry landing, with Lariii a(
the chief Merchants, and a Guard of armed Tamaiin,
Men, was condu&ed to the King’s Houfe, who
met him at his Chamber-door. Being entered
and feated by him in a Chair, there palled many
Compliments; after which the General enquired
concerning the Trade of the Red- Sea.
The King
Comet to So¬
kotra.
commended it highly, faying, the People of yf-
den and Mokha c were good People, and would be
glad to trade with him. He added, that the Af-
cenfion had difpofed of her Goods there at high
Rates; and came fo light into this Place, that (he
took in a great deal of Ballaft. This Account
pleafed Sir Henry , who then defired Leave to fet
up his Pinnace. The King refufing that Liberty
in this Road, granted it at the Place where they
firft anchored. He was apprehenfive that if they
flayed to fet her up in Tamerin , the Merchants
of other Nations would be afraid to come thi- **
ther. He gave free Leave alfo to take in Water,
but faid he muft pay very dear for Wood, if he
had any: Adding, that thofe of all other Coun¬
tries who came thither, payed for their Water ;
but of him he would demand nothing. He had
fent all his Aloes to his Father, the King of Far-
lak d, in Arabia Foelix , whofe chief City and
Place of Refidence was called Kujhem e. He con¬
firmed the Lofs of the Ajcenfion and her Pinnace.
Sir Henry demanding if they had left any Wri¬
ting behind them ? he faid he had, but that his
Servant had loft it. He diffuaded the General
from feeking Trade in the Country of Fartak ;
for that he believed his Father would not permit
it: Butadvifed him to go for the Red-Sea. They
all dined with the King, and then returned a-
board.
The feventh of November , they fteered Weft
by South, and Weft South- Weft, along the Coaft.
About ten o’Clock they faw a High-land, which Cmtito
they imagined to be Aden : It rofe like Abba deNit*
a That is, the two Sifters. In Purchas , lrmanas. Some for Hermanas , put Hennanos, or Brothers. b In
Purchas, / '.acotora . c In Purchas, Moha, the kb being a Itrong Afpiration or guttural h. d Far-
taque, in Purchas. e In the fame Author, Chujhem , perhaps by Miftake. See before, *.318. Note k.
5 ' ‘ Kuna,
363
i6io
Sir Henry
Midd!et<'U.
provided he knew not. This Night a fmall Boat
came out to view them. Standing-in (the Wind
at Eaft South-Eaft) they were carried to the Eaft-
I trader of
1 Ba/ha.
Voyages English to the East Indies.
Kuria, and might be feen a great Way off. In a of her, a Night. This Coaft is high, with many
the Evening, about fix, they anchored in twen- Head-lands.
ty Fathom Water, and Tandy Ground, before The thirteenth, they held on their Courfe a-
the Town; which ftands in a Valley at the Foot long the Shore all that Night, fleering between
of a Mountain, and makes a fair Shew. It is the Weft by North, and moft by South ; her
encompaffed with a Stone Wall, and defended true Way Weft. Next Day betimes they faw
by Forts and Bulwarks in many Places ; but how the Head-land going into the Red-Sea , rifing like
an Ifland thirty Leagues from Aden, About ele¬
ven, they were thwart of the Entrance, being
but three Miles broad. On the North Side is a
ward by the Current, at leaft twenty Leagues, to b ragged Land like an Illand ; and on the other
their Surprize; for they thought it would have Side a flat low Bland, called Babelmandel. South Mon*
fet to the Weft. The eighth, a fmall Boat from
the Town came aboard, with three Arabs , who
faid they were fent by the Lieutenant G overnor,
to know what Nation they were of, and their
Bufinefs thither : Adding, that if they were Eng-
lijhmen they were heartily welcome; and that
the Year before, Captain Sbarpey had been there,
and from thence went to Mokba , where he made
Sale of all his Goods.
The General afked one of them the Name
and Character of th z Bafha : He anfwered, his
Name was Jajfer Bajha , and that his Predeceffor
was very bad, this little better ; but that all
the Turks in general were ftark naught. Afk-
of the Bland there feemeth to be a broad Chan- '
nel, or Entrance. After they had paffed this
Streight of Babelmandel , Sir Henry fent his Pin¬
nace for a Pilot, to a Village on the North Shore,
in a Tandy Bay, which returned with a Couple of
Arabs , who took upon them to be very fkilful.
The Depth in the Streights was between eight
and eleven Fathom Water. Coafting the Land
North by Weft, and North North-Weft (in
between eighteen and twenty Fathoms) about
four o’Clock they deferied the Town of Mokba ; Comet to
and about five luffed in: But the Wind being Mollka*
high, they fplit their Main-top-fail, and hoifting
their Mizen, it fplit likewife: What was worfe.
ing, if Mokba w^as a good Place for Trade? They the Pilots brought the Trade's Encreafe a-ground
anfwered, that there was one Man in the Town upon a Bank of Sand. As the Wincf blew hard,
who could buy all his Merchandize. Sir Henry and^the Sea ran fomewhat high,J:hey were all
• 'vet a
<\p there,
fent his Pinnace afhore, and John Williams , one
of his Fadtors, who fpake the Arabic Language :
They were kindly entertained.
The ninth, having fent the Pinnace to get
a Pilot for Mokba ; the Town would not let
them have any, without leaving three of the
chief Merchants in Pledge. However feeing the
Ships under Sail, they intreated Sir Henry to leave
one for that Port, promifing to buy all the Goods.
in Fear {he could not be gotten off.
This Night there came a Boat aboard from
the Town, with a Turk, a hand Tome Man, fent
by the Governor to know what they were, and
their Bufinefs. Sir Henry told him, they were
Englijh Merchants, who came to feek Trade. He
anfwered, if they w'ere Englijhmen * they wrere
heartily welcome, and fhould not fail of what
they fought ; for that Alexander Sbarpey had fold
Hereupon he thought fit to leave the Pepper-Corn all his Goods there, and they might do the like,
there, and fail with the other two for Mokba . As for the grounding of the Ship, he made no-
Wherefore they did what they could to get into e thing of it ; faying, that it was common for great
the Road again, but could not ; being carried to Ships of India to run a-ground, and yet that he
Leeward with the Current. Having anchored never heard of any that fuftained Harm thereby,
to the Southward of the Town, the General fent He made hafte back to inform the Aga who they
Mr. Fowler and John Williams afhore, to tell them were, promifing to return next Morning, with
he would leave one of the Ships there to trade, Boats, to lighten the Ship. This Man was called
provided they would let him have a Pilot: They Lord of the Sea a; his Office being to fearch Ships,
feemed very glad, and promifed to fend one next to prevent Frauds in the Cuftoms ; and to fee Ligh-
h for tie
dSca.
Day.
The twelfth, Sir Henry feeing no Hope of a-
ny Pilot, though often promifed one, about
Noon fet Sail along with the Darling , for Mok¬
ba ; the Wind Eaft South-Eaft. They coafted
the Shore, fometimes Weft South-Weft, and
Weft by North, in twenty-eight and thirty Fa¬
thom, following a fmall Sail till they loft Sight
ters fent aboard to unlade them. His Salary arifes
from certain Duties, which are all his Maintenance.
The fourteenth early, he returned with three
or four Turks more, whereof two fpoke Italian.
They brought the General a fmall Prefent from
the Aga, with Compliments of Welcome, and
Offers of any thing the Country' afforded ; fay¬
ing, he fhould have as good and free Trade as
a In Arabic , Amir a IBahr . His Office is different from that of Sbdb Bandar .
A a a 2
they
364 Voyage % of the Engl
1610. they had in Conjlantinople*, Aleppo^ or any Part of
Sir Henry the Turks Dominions. There came with them
Mi'Mleton^ four or £ve LjghterSj jn which the Englifl) put
' any thing that came firft to Hand, to lighten the
Ship : Mr. Femel went afhore in one of them, be¬
fore Sir Henry was aware thereof, carrying all he
had in the Ship with him. They lent all their Mo¬
ney, Elephants Teeth, and Shot aboard the Dar¬
ling-, and laying out their Anchors to pafs, in the
Evening tried to heave her off, but could not
make her ftir.
The fifteenth, they did what they could to
lighten the Ships, fending fome Goods afhore,
and fome aboard the Darling , Sir Henry had a
’Tbe Engiiffe Letter from Mr. Femel , giving an Account of
kindly rectiv- His kind Entertainment by the Aga ; and that he
ed‘ had agreed to pay five Pound the hundred Cuftom,
for all they fhould fell ; and that what they could
not fell fhould be returned aboard, Cuftom-free.
He likewife received from the Aga himfelf, a
Letter under his Hand and Seal, offering himfelf
and whatever the Country afforded at his Service.
About five o’Clock they began to heave at their
Capftanes, and, at length, got the Ship afloat
again.
The nineteenth, two Boats came from Mr.
Femel for Iron, which the General fent ; but
wrote word, that he would fend no more Goods
Sir Henry till thofe already landed were fold. Femel , in
inv,ttd “fa™ Anfatr, informed him, that if he intended to
trade, he muff come afhore, according to the
Cuftom of the Place, otherwife they would not
be perfuaded but that they were Men of War b.
The Aga likewife fent the Interpreter to tell
him, that if he was a Friend to the Great Turk ,
and a Merchant who expected to trade, he en¬
treated him to land; alledging, that Captain
Sharpey , and all the Indian Captains, did the like.
dndlardt. The twentieth. Sir Henry landing, was re¬
ceived at the Water-fide by feveral Perfons of
Diftin&ion ; and, with Mufick, brought to the
Aga* s Houfe, where all the principal Men of the
Town were affembled. He was received with
all the Marks of Friendfhip imaginable. He was
feated clofe to the Aga (all the reft ftanding) who
loaded him with Compliments and Welcomes.
Sir Henry delivered the King’s Letter with a Pre-
fent to the Bafha , which he defired might be
fent up with all Speed. He likewife gave the
Aga a Prefent, which he received very kindly ;
affuring him, that he fhould not have the leaft
Moleftation in his Trade; and that if any of the
Inhabitants offered him or his People Wrong, he
would fee them feverely punifhed. After this,
he caufed him to ftand up, and one of his chief
s h to the East Indies.
Men put on him a Veft of Crimfon Silk and 1610.
Silver ; faying, he needed not fear any Evil, for Sir Henry
that was the Grand Signior’s Protedlion. Hav- Middleton-
ing taken Leave, he mounted a gallant Horfe, V" —
with rich Furniture, led by a Man of Figure ;
and fo, in his new Coat, with the Mufic of the
Town, was conveyed to the Englifh Houfe;
where he dined, and prefently went aboard. The
Aga was very importunate with him to ftay on
Shore, which he yielded to, in order to fee his
Pinnace built ; the Days following being alfo for¬
ced by foul Weather c.
SECT. II.
Tne Aga *s Subtilty . The Englifh treacheroujly af
faulted and feized. Many Jlain and wounded.
The Darling boarded. All the Turks Jlain,
Sir Henry fent for. The Aga’r Artifices. Sir
Henry ’r Conflancy. Adore Wiles of the Aga to
infnare the Ships. Noble Spirit of a Sailor , who
ventures afhore. An Aga fent from the Bafha
of Zenan, or Sanaa, to bring them up.
HERE paffed not a Day but the Aga Tie Aga’»
fent Sir Henry fome fmail Prefent or other, Subtilt},
with Compliments ; and to know if he wanted
any thing. The twenty-eighth* he fent twice
to defire him to be chearful ; and acquaint him,
that fo foon as their Time of Faffing d was over
(which was almoft expired) he would have the
General ride abroad with him to his Gardens,
and other Places of Pleafure. The fame After¬
noon Mr. Pemberton having gone afhore for Co¬
coa Nuts, Sir Henry made him ftay to Supper:
After which, being ready to go aboard, the
Turks would not permit him ; faying, it was too
late, but that in the Morning he might go as ear¬
ly as he pleafed. The General fent to intreat
Leave for him, but they would not grant it. All
this Time they fufpe<fted no Harm, but imputed
it to over-much Curiofity in the Officer ; who,
they fuppofed, had done it without Order, of
which, next Day, he defigned to have complain¬
ed to the Aga.
At Sun-fet, Sir Henry caufed Stools (as was hfsTi* Engli&
Cuftom) to be placed at the Door, where he fat/<<*^’
with Meffieurs Femel and Pemberton , to take the
frefh Air. About eight, there came a Janizary
from the Aga , to deliver fome Meffage to him ;
but not underftanding him, the General fent his
Man to look for one of his Company, who fpoke
the Turkifb. Prefently his Interpreter came, by
whom he learnt the Purport of the Meffage;
which was, that the Aga had fent his Service to
him, defiring him to be merry, for that he had
a The Author ufes the Word Stambola , after the Italians ; but Stambo /, or Ifambof is the right. ,b Free¬
booters or Rovers. « This looks as if he had not returned on board at all. d Or Lent, which
is their Month of Ramadhan , or Ramazan,
received.
Voyages of the English to the East Indie
s.
3 6S
;a rrlfd to
>t Aga.
ii6lO received good News from the Bafoa. As he a
,;r Hemy was about to go on. Sir Henry $ Man returned in
iliddlcton. a great Fright, and told them they were all be¬
trayed ; for that the Turks and his People were
together by the Ears at the Back of the Houfe.
The Turk who fat by, being defirous to know
what the Matter was, they told him ; whereupon
he rofe up, and alked the Servant to fhew him
where they were. Several of the Englijb ran at-
ter them, to fee what was the hdatter ; and Sir
Henry himfelf ran after the reft, calling them b
as loud as he could, to return back and make
good their Houfe.
But while he was fpeaking, he was knocked
down by one who came behind him ; and re¬
mained as dead, till the extream Pain, in tying
his Hands behind him, brought him to hisSenfes.
As foon as they faw him ftir, they lifted him up,
and two led him between them to the Aga' s ;
where he found leveral of his Company in the
fame Condition. By the Way the Soldiers pil- c
laged him of his Money, and three gold Rings :
One of them was his Seal, the other had feven
Diamonds of Value j and the third was a Gim-
mal Ring. When thofe who had efcaped with
Life in this Maffacre, were brought together,
they were put in Irons. Sir Henry with feven
more were yoked by the Necks in one Chain .
Some were fettered by the Hands, others by the
Feet. Two Soldiers were left to guard them,
who, taking Compaffion of their Circumftances, d
made their Bolts eafy : For moft of them had
their Hands fo ftrait bound behind them, that the
Blood was ready to burft out at their Finger s
Ends, which gave them inexpreflible Pain.
May pin After Inquiry into the Affair, he was
F«fw«*W.jnforme£j, that Francis Slanny, John LanJJot, and
fix more were {lain ; and that fourteen of thofe
prefent were grievoufly wounded : That their
Houfe had been furrounded with armed Soldiers,
who, at the Inftant he was ftruck down, fell e
upon the Englijb , who were quite unarmed and
dcfcncdcfs.
The Turks having thus fecured their Perfons,
their next Defign was to take their Ships and
Goods. In order to this, about ten o’Clock,
they armed three great Boats with an hundred
and fifty Soldiers in them to take the Darlings
which rode fomewhat near the Shore. That they
might pafs for Chrijiians , the better to fucceed,
they took off their Turbans3 ; and boarding her
all together, entered moft of their Men^ It
was fo fudden, that three of the Darling's Crew
were fiain before they could get down j the reft
1610.
Sir Hem y
Middleton.
Tit Datling
warded.
betook them to their clofe Fight. By a lucky
Miftake no more Mifchief was done them : For
the Captain of the Turks, who was called Amir (
al Bahr b, or Lord of the Sea , called to his Sol¬
diers to cut the Tables in the Houfe : The Soldiers
mifunderftanding him, many of them leaped into
the Boats, and cutting the Ropes, drove away.
By this Time, the Darling's Men had gotten All the
them to their Weapons, the Turks {landing very Turk8
thick in the Waft, hallowing and clafhing their
Swords upon the Deck. One of the Company
threw a large Barrel of Powder amongft them,
and after it a Firebrand, which took fo good
Effeft, that feveral were burned. The reft, for
more Safety, (as they thought) retired to the
half Deck, and the Poop, where they were en¬
tertained with Mufket-Shot, and another Train
of Powder : Which fo terrified them, that fome
leaped into the Sea, others hung by the Ship-fide
imploring Mercy, which was not there to be
found ; for the Sailors killed all they could find,
and the reft were drowned : Only one Man was
faved, who hid himfelf till the Fury was paft,
and then was received to Mercy.
The Boats returning brought News, that the 7 ‘be Slip
Ship was taken, for which there was great Re-
joicing 5 and the Governor fent off the Boats
again &to bring her up to the Town : But when
they came to the Place where fhe ufed to ride,
they found her ftanding-off under Sail. Upon
this, returning, they told the Aga , the Ship had
efcaped, and that they believed the Amir al Bahr ,
and his Soldiers were all taken Prifoners. This
was very difagreeable News to him : However,
fometime before Day, he fent their Interpreter to
tell them, that the fmall Ship was taken, which
Sir Henry verily believed to be true j and after
Sun-rife fending for him, he went along with
his feven Yoke bellows.
As foon as they came before him, he, with Sir Henry
a frowning (and not his ufual diffembling) Coun -/«*/«■•
tenance, afked Sir Henry , How he durft be fo
bold as to come into this their Port of Mokha ,
fo near their Holy City of Mekka c ? He anfwer-
ed, That the Caufe of his coming thither was
not unknown to him, having long before ac¬
quainted him therewith ; and that he did not land,
but at his earnefl: Intreaty, and after many Pro-
mifes of kind Ufage. I he Aga infilled, That
it was not lawful for any Cbrjhan to come lo
near their Holy City of Medina d, this being the
Port or Door thereof ; and that the Bafoa had
exprefs Orders from the G? cat Turn, to mak^
Slaves of all Chrijiians who fhould enter thofs
* In Purcha,, Tuhs ; dfewhere, ‘In the fame Author In Txh's muft tel
&L7n/ IpJa-.orfbcH,,, C,V,, me amng Si >** ima¬
gined he (poke of fattn b, called al Medina!,, by Way of Excellence. ^
366 V O Y A G E S of the E N G L I
161O. Seas, even although they had his own Pafs. Sir a
Sir Henry Henry replied, That the Fault was his, for not
Middleton^ tdling him fo at firft, but deluding them with
fair Promifes. The Aga then gave him a Letter
of Captain Downton to read, which came from
Aden , dated long before : The Purport thereof
was, that two of his Merchants and the Purfer 3
were detained afhore ; and that they would not
be releafed without landing of Merchandize, or
paying fifteen hundred Venetianos for Anchorage:
Withal, defiring Sir Henry to advifehim what he
had beft to do.
Ike Aga’i After he had read the Letter, the Aga de-
Jrtifiu. mandecl to know the Contents of it : Which,
being told to him, he faid, that fince the Wri¬
ting of it, the Ship had left Aden , and was com¬
ing to Mokha ; but in the Way ftruck on a Rock,
and was loft, with all the Goods and Men. The
Aga then defired him to write a Letter aboard,
to know how many ‘Turks were in the fmall
Ship. Sir Henry told him, then it would be need-
lefs, fince fhe was in his own Poffeflion. He re¬
plied, that fhe was once in their Hands, but had
been refcued by the great Ship. This made fome
amends for the other bad News. The Aga then
preffed him to write to them aboard the great
Ship, to yield her into his Hands ; faying, he
would let them have the fmall Ship to carry them
home. Sir Henry faid, it would be ridiculous to
write any fuch Thing ; for that they, who were
aboard, and had their Liberty, were no fuch ,
Fools, as, upon his Letter, to give up the Ship, and
come on Shore to be Slaves. His Anfwer was,
that he knew if the General wrote to thatEffe#,
they durft not difobey him. Sir Henry then told
him plainly, that he would write no fuch Letter.
Sir Henry’j Seeing he could not obtain his Ends in this
Ctnjtancy, Point, he inquired, What Quantity of Money was
in the Ships ? Sir Henry faid, There was but little ;
and that not to lay out in Merchandize, but to
buy Victuals. Heafked, What Store of Victuals e
and Water was aboard ? The General told him.
Enough for two Years; which he would not be¬
lieve b. Pie urged him once more to write for
them to come afhore, and yield the Ship, threat-
ning otherwife to cut off his Head. Sir Henry
bid him do fo ; faying, that therein he fhould do
him a great Pleafure, for that he was weary of
his Life ; but write to that Effect, he never would.
Upon this, being taken out of his Chain and
Collar, in order to be feparated from the reft, a
great Pair of Fetters was clapped upon his Legs,
and Manacles upon his Wrifts. He was lodged
s h to the East Indies.
all that Day in a dirty Dog-kennel, under aPair jgIC
of Stairs. At Night, at the Intreaty of Shermall , Sir Hen
Conful of the Bannians , he was taken out, and Midd’err
placed in a better Room, with one of his Sailors, v— V"*'
who fpake Turkijh. However, his Bed was no
better than the hard Ground, and his Pillow a
Stone. His Companions were Grief of Heart,
and a Multitude of Rats ; which, if he chanced
to fall afieep, foon awaked him with running over
him.
About Mid-night, came the Aga’s Lieute- MortWihf
nant c, and their Trugman d, intreating him infi{ Aga
very foothing Terms to write aboard, to know
how many Turks were Prifoners, and what were
their Names ; but by no Means to mention any
Thing relating either to the Lofs of his Men,
or his own hard Ufage : On the contrary he ad-
vifed him to fay, that they were detained in the
Aga’ s Houfe, till farther Order came from the
Bajha ; and that they wanted for nothing. Ac¬
cordingly Sir Henry wrote, and to the fame Ef¬
fect they defired him ; but at the fame Time ad-
vifed them to look well to their Ships, and not
to fuffer any of their Men to venture on Shore,
for fear of Treachery. This Letter they after¬
wards Ihew’ed to two or three of the other Pri¬
foners, to fee whether Sir Henry had written ac¬
cording to their Inftru&ions.
However it was not fent at that Time, be-
caufe they could not get any body to carry it :
Yet, at length, they met with a Man, who un¬
dertook to deliver it on board, provided the Ge¬
neral would write to them, to ufe him well. This
Man was born in Tunis in Barbary , and fpoke
good Italian. Sir Henry wrote the Letter as they
defired, which was perufed like the former, and
next Day fent aboard. The Purport of the An¬
fwer was, that all the Turks were flain or drown¬
ed, excepting one, whofe Name was Rufwan , a
common Soldier ; and that they were glad to
hear the General was alive ; for Rufwan told
them, he thought all the Englijh were flain.
Sir HENRY and the reft continued in this/c infnare
Mifery till the fifteenth of December , not hearing^ Sbifs,
any Thing from the Ships, nor the Ships from
them. The Aga came often to him, fometimes
by Threats, at other Times by fair Means, urg¬
ing him to write for thofe on’ board to come a-
Ihore, and yield up the Ships : Sir Henry ftill an-
fwered him, as he did at firft. He was particu¬
larly inquifitive about the State of their Provi-
fions; having been in Hopes, that for Want of.
Water and Viduals, they fhould at laft be fur-
3 Befides thefe three, there were, by like Treachery, twenty Men more betrayed at Aden. Having had
Leave given them to go on Shore, and Shackles made the while, &c. Pure has. ' b And, methinks 5 with
good Reafon, if the Money was to buy Vi duals ; which feemed to imply, that they were in Want of Provi¬
so n. c Or Subajha. d Or Interpreter: At prefeut we fay Druggerman ; both Corruptions of the
Arabic , Tariiman.
rendered
V o Y a g e $ of the E n g l i s h to the E a s t Indies. 367
a The fixteenth, Sir Henry delivered Chambers 1610.
l6lO. rendered to him, knowing that they could not
L He'll 7 have a Wind to carry them out of the Streigbts
kidfleton. till May . He (aid, He wondered how fo great a
rW Charge could be borne with fo final] a Stock.
Sir Henry anfwered, That his Nation had Facto¬
ries in feveral Parts of India , which had Stock
enough to load them in cafe they had brought no
Commodities at all with them ; and that the
Stock they had was fufficient to lade his Ships
with Pepper, which in India was very cheap.
Ule Spirit Those on Ship-board fared but ill them (elves,
a Sailor, though at Liberty, riding in an open and wide
Road, the Wind blowing continually hard at
South South-Eaft, inclofed round with Shoals,
and their Water beginning to fail ; for that they
had ftaved fifty Tuns to lighten the Ship at their
coming on Ground : Befides, hearing nothing
from Land, made them at their Wit’s Ends, as
not knowing well what Courfe to take. At
length an honeft Fellow, called John Chambers ,
offered to go afhore to fee what was become of
the reft ; chufing rather to hazard both Life and
Liberty, than fee Men live in fuch Perplexity.
On the fifteenth of December before-mentioned,
being fet with a Flag of Truce upon a fmall
Ifiand, a little to Windward of the Town, hav¬
ing one of their Indians with him for his Inter¬
preter, they were brought before the Aga ; who
afked him, How he durft be fo bold to come
afhore without Leave ? He anfwered, That he
was a Meffenger, and came with a Flag of Truce,
which was permitted among Enemies. The Aga
afked, What MefTage he had to deliver ? He re¬
plied, A Letter to the General, and faid he
lhould be glad, if he would give him Leave to
fee how his Countrymen did. They examined
him and the Indian very ftri&Iy, as to the Quan¬
tity of Victuals and Water in the Ships ; and
their Anfvvers agreed exaCtly with Sir Henry’s ,
that there was enough of all Sorts of Victuals for
two Years.
Kventuret After this, they brought him to the Gene-
?'• ral’s dark Cell ; and coming out of the Light, it
was a great while before he could fee. He de¬
livered the Letter with watry Eyes to find his
Commander in fuch adifmal Place, fettered both
Hands and Feet. After acquainting him in what
Manner he came afhore, and was examined by
the Aga , Sir Henry told him, he thought they
would not permit him to return aboard ; for that,
not many Days before, they had detained one of
the Pepper -Corn’s Aden, who came from Aden
with a Letter to him. He anfwered, that he came
with a Refolution to fliare his Sufferings, in cafe
they fhould be fo villainoufly minded as to ftay
him, being but a Meffenger.
an Anfwer to the Letter fent him ; and contrary Sir Henry
to his Expectations the Turks let him and the M,'dleton*
Indian return to the Boat, with Leave to come
again next Day, if they had Occafion. Next
Day Chambers returned alone, for the Indian was
fo frighted, that he durft not venture a fecond
Time* The General’s Man fent feveral Things
by him to his Adafter ; but the Aga was his Re¬
ceiver, and kept them for his own Ufe. Honeft
b Chambers having done all in his Power, returns
aboard and leaves them to their wonted Mifery ;
looking every Hour for the Sentence from the
Bajhd , of Slavery, Death, or perpetual Impri-
fonment.
But when they leaft expeCted it, they met A?a from th*
with fome Relief : For upon the eighteenth ofBalla*
December , there came from Zenan a an Aga , Cap¬
tain or Chief of the Chaujh’s b, with Orders to
bring up all the Englijh. As foon as he alighted,
c he was defirous to fee the General and the reft.
On this Occafion, here were three Chairs brought
into his Room, wherein Rejib Aga c, Ifmael
[Aga] (the Meffenger from the Bajhd) and Jaf-
fer Aga feated themfelves. Rejib Aga d began by
afking him. How he durft be fo bold as to come
into that Country fo near their Holy City, with¬
out a Pafs from the Grand Signior ? Sir Henry
anfwered, That the King his Mafter was in
League and Amity with the Grand Signior ; and
d that in the Articles of Peace between them, free
Trade was allowed the Englijh throughout his
Dominions, of which Mokha being Part, they
needed no Pafs. He anfwered, this was the Door
of their Holy City, and that, therefore, it was
not lawful for any Chriflian to come thither : He
likewife demanded. Whether he did not know,
that the Grand Signior’s Sword was long? The
General replied. That they were not taken by
the Sword, but by Treachery; and that if he
e and his People were aboard, he cared not for the
Length of his or all their Swords. The Aga faid,
it was proudly fpoken of him. He alfo urged him
(as he had done often before) to write a Letter,
commanding all the Men to come afhore and
yield themfelves to the Bafna ; and received like
Anfwer.
ISMAEL AGA broke off this idle Difcourfe, Ccmstobring
by telling Sir Henry , that he was come from the-'*** "t*
Bajhd, with exprefs Order to conduct him and
f all his People to Zenan ; advifing him to fend a-
board for warm Cioaths, for that they fhould find
it very cold in the Mountain Country. The Ge¬
neral intreated, that, if poffible, his poor Men
might be fuffered to go aboard ; and that he and
a few more might be fent up. Ifmael faid, it was
a Or Sanaa. b In Purchas, Cha'ivjfes ,
are not well diltinguilhed here.
c In the fame Author, Regib Aga. d Thefe Perfons
not
368
1 6io.
Sir Henry
Middleton.
Voyages of the Englis
not in his Power to grant it, for that it was the a
Bafha' s Order, they Ihould all attend him. How¬
ever, Rejib Aga faid, he fhould have his Defire
in Part, and that only five more fhould go with
him, the reft remaining where they were till
farther Orders. The twentieth, Captain Down-
ton, in the Pepper-Corn , came into the Road from
Aden , to whom Sir Henry wrote what he thought
was fitteft to be done.
h to the East Indies.
Set out from
Mokha.
Mr. Pem¬
berton
tfiapa.
SECT. III.
Sir Henry and the ref fet out from Mokha. Mr.
Pemberton efcapes. Kind Mohammedans. Pa¬
rade at entring Towns. Arrive at Zenan, or
Sanaa. Led before the Bafha. Received with
Frowns. Refufes to releafe the Englifh. A
Boy dies through Fear. Sir Henry befriended by
the Kiahya ; a Merchant of Kairo and others.
Hopes of Releafe. Englifh Prifoners arrive from
Aden. The Kiahya feed. The Bafha mollified. c
Extols his own good Nature and Clemency. Is
made IVazir , or Vifir.
TH E twenty-fecond of December , the Irons
were knocked off the Legs of all the Eng¬
lish, excepting the Carpenters and Smiths, and
fome fick Men, who were not able to travel.
The Carpenters and Smiths were kept there to
build up the Pinnace ; the General and thirty-
four more were appointed to go up for Zenan, the
chief City of the Kingdom, where the Bafha j
refides. About four o’Clock, they fet out of
Mokha ; all the Company being mounted upon
Affes, except Sir Henry , and Mr. Femel, who had
Horfes. About ten, at Night, being ten or twelve
Miles from Mokha , Mr. Pemberton flipped away
from them : The Company miffed him prefently,
but faid nothing, but their Prayers for his Efcape.
About one, in the Morning, when they came to
their Inn, at a Town called Mowffi , they counted
them, yet did not mifshim: But next Day, about e
four in the Afternoon, when they fet out, they
told them again, and found one miffing. The
Aga hereupon inquired of Sir Henry , What Num¬
ber of them fet out of Mokha ? He anfwered,
He could not well tell, but thought there were
thirty- four. The Aga faid, they were thirty-
five, and that now they were one fhort : The
other replied, it was more than he knew. Mr.
Pemberton was moved to this defperate Attempt,
fey feeing fo many of them carried up together £
manacled, with a Captain and a Guard of Sol¬
diers to conduct them; Whence, he concluded, ifiI(
nothing elfe could enfue, but either Death or Sir h- •
Captivity ; which indeed was the Opinion of Midjle:-
them all. #
Sir HENRY. \ however, found feveral Friends KkdM.
among them: There was one Homed a Aga,
who lent him divers Prefents, and advifed him
not to be dejefted, for that his Caufe was good.
This worthy Perfon fent him and his People Pro-
vifion of Bread for their Journey, and withal
his Letters to [ Abdallah Chelabi ] the Kiahya b.
The Conful of the Bannians vifited Sir Henry
every Day, and never came empty handed : Too-
kehar alfo was their great Friend all the Time
they were Prifoners ; and never failed daily to
fend each Man (being fifty-one in Number) two
Cakes of white Bread, and a Quantity of Dates,
or Plantans He fet out from Mokha for Zenan
two Days before them, promifing, at his Depar¬
ture, to do them all the Service he could with
the Bafha ; which Promife (fays Sir Henry) I
think he well performed : For at Zenan , I was
told by divers, he laboured in our Bufinefs, both
with the Bafha and his Kiahya , who is a very
difcreet Man, and governs the Kingdom.
On Chrif mas-day, they arrived at the City
Taye % d, (four Days journey from Mokha) where' * 'J
they were marfhalled into the City two and two
in a Rank, as they do at Confantinople , with Cap¬
tives taken in the Wars : Their Aga rode in
Triumph as a great Conqueror, being met a Mile
out of the Town by the chief Men of the City
on Horfe-back ; and the Road for that Space was
lined with Multitudes of People, who ftood
gazing and wondering at them. In this Manner
they made their Entry into all Cities and Towns
through which they paffed. A Youth of Mr.
Pemberton' s falling fick in this Town, was left
with the Governor thereof, and from this Time
forward Sir Henry kept no Journal, but he re¬
members they found it very cold all the Way
from thence to Zenan, their Lodging being the
bare Ground. He bought moft of the Men, who
were but thinly clothed, furred Gowns, other-
wife he believes they would have perifhed with
Cold. As for himfelf, he was but ill provided,
becaufe he would not be perfuaded, when he was
at Mokha , that it could be fo cold upwards, as they
faid it was ; and he found it by fore Experience.
Every Morning the Ground was covered with
hoar Froft ; and at Zenan, which lies within fix-
teen Degrees fifteen Minutes of the Line % they
a In Pure has, Hamet. b In Purchas, Kaha ; and afterwards Cahay, and Cay ha. c This Ihews,
that there are People of Humanity and Juftice among the Mohammedans ; and that all Turks are not alike cruel
and rapacious. In fhort, thofe Vices are to be found almoft foly among the governing Part, and Soldiery ; who,
indeed, are much the fame all the World over, in Proportion to their Power. d In Purchas here Ties ;
but elfewhere. Tales. e Sir Henry obferved the Latitude with an Inftrument which he made at Zenan, (or
Sanaa) he judged that Place to be about an hundred and eighty Miles from Mokha to the North North- Weft :
But this rnuft be fome Miftake, for it ftands North -Eaftward from thence.
had
Voyages of the E n gl i
1611. had Ice a Finger thick in one Night: Which Sir a
i; s,> Henry Henry could fcarce have credited, if he had not
(Middleton. fcen if.
They were fifteen Days on the Road be-
"T at tween Mokha and Zenan. The fifth of "January ,
[1610-11] two Hours before Day, they came
within two Miles of the City, where they lay
upon the Ground till after Sun-rife; being fo be-
nummed with Cold, that when they got up, they
were fcarce able to ftand. About a Mile on this
Side they were met by the Subajha, or Sheriff,
with, at leaft, two hundred Shot, Drums, and
Trumpets. They caufed the Soldiers to lead the
Way, and the Englijh to follow one by one, at a
pretty Diftance from each other, to make the
better Shew. Their Gowns being taken from them,
they were forced to march a-foot in their thin
and ragged Suits. The Ship Trumpeters were
•placed next, and ordered by the Aga to found :
But the General, who came after with Mr. Fernel
on Horfeback, forbad them. Their Aga brought
up the Rear, riding in Triumph, with a fpare
Horfe richly furnifhed, led before him.
L iieftrt I N this Order, they marched through the Heart
< Batha. of the City to the Caftle, all the Way being fo
crouded with People, they could fcarcely pafs.
At the firft Gate, there was a large Guard of
Soldiers; the fecond Gate had before it, two great
Pieces of Ordnance, ready mounted : Having
palled it, they came into a fpacious Court, twice
the Length of the Royal Exchange in London.
The Soldiers at the Gate {hot off their Pieces ; and
then placed themfelves on each Side the Way, a-
mong many others, who were there when they
came. The General as foon as he entered into
the Court, alighted, and was placed on one
Side with his Men ; where they had not been
long, before he and Mr. Femel were brought be¬
fore the Bajha. It was their Diwdn a, or Coun¬
cil Day. At the farther End of the Area, they
went up a Pair of Stairs, of twelve Steps. At the
Top, two great Men came and took Sir Henry by
the Wrifts, and holding him very hard, led him
to the Bajha ; who fat alone at the upper End of
a long fpacious Gallery, many great Men Hand¬
ing on each Side of him : Others, Hood on either
Side, from the lower Part of the Gallery, to the
upper End, which made a good Shew : The Floor
was covered over with Turkey Carpets.
i«'W Sir Henry being come within two Yards of
<fFrnum, him, was flopped. Immediately the Bajha, with
a frowning and angry Countenance, demanded
what Country he was of, and what brought him
into thofe Parts ? The General anfwered, that he
h A /& East Indies. 369
was an Englijh Merchant, and being Friend to the 1 6 1 1 .
Grand Signor, came to fee k Trade there. The Sir Henry
Bajha faid, it was not lawful for any Chrijlian M^dleton.
to put his Foot in that Country ; and that he had
warned Captain Sharpey c, to caution thofe of his
Nation to come no more thither. Sir Henry re¬
plied, that Captain Sharpey was caft away upon
the Coaft of India , and arrived not in England
to tell them ; that had they know fo much, they
fhould never have run themfelves into the Trou¬
ble they were in: He added, that Rejib Aga was
the Man who had abufed him, by telling him his
Nation were welcome into the Country ; and
that they fhould have as free Trade, as they had
in any Part of Turky ; that he had made him
many other fair Promifes, as to their Security ;
yet, that, contrary to his Word, he had affaulted
them with armed Soldiers, murdered feveral of
his Men, and taken himfelf, and the reft Pri-
foners.
The Bajha anfwered, that Rejib Aga was but Rffufuhrt*
his Slave, and had no Power to make any fuch h,m'
Promifes, without his Leave; that what had
befallen him and his People, was by his Order,
purfuant to one of the like Nature, from the
Grand Signor to himfelf, commanding him to
chaftife all Chrijlian r, who fhould come into thofe
Parts. Sir Henry told him, they had received
great Damage ; and that if it pleafed him to let
them return to their Ships, it would be fufficient
Warning to his Nation, againft venturing thither
for the future. The Bajha replied, he could not
let him depart ; but that he fhould flay there and
write to the Ambaflador at Stambol b ; and that
he would write himfelf likewife to the Grand
Signor, to know his Pleafure concerning them ;
and whether he would permit them to trade there
or not. Hereupon he difmiffed Sir Henry for that
Time j bidding him go to the Lodging appointed
for him, and take with him four or five more,
fuch as he thought fit. He, and thofe he made
choice of, were conveyed to the Keeper of the
Prifon’sHoufe; and the reft carried to the common
Jail, where they were clapped in weighty Irons.
When they were firft brought before the Ba-
Jha , one of the Lads, thinking Sir Henry was
fo led, to have his Head ftruck off, and that it
would be his own Turn not long after, fell into
a Swoon with very Fear j and thereupon fick-
ening, fhortly after died.
The fixth of January , the Bajha s Kiahya , or Sir Henry
Lieutenant of the Kingdom, fent for Sir Henry, befriended
to breakfaft with him ; which being over, the
General gave him a very particular Account, how
* In Purchas, Dinjano. b Stambol, Stambola, or Stamboli , is a Corruption of the Greek Words,
fij v [So is Stambola , and Stamboli, of Stambol , or Stampot\ which the Greeks ufed to fpeak of their going
thither, that is, to the City, fb calling it by way of Eminence ; as Athens is, at this Day, contracted into Sa¬
tinet, from |(? ‘Atoms' Pojlel. Comp. Cof. (A Fr. Port . Cret. Purchas . ' His Name is written Sharpeigh
in this Journal.
Vojl. I. N° 1 8, Bbb treachtroufly
37°
1 6 1 r.
Sir Henry
i d iie'on.
By the Ki-
ahya.
/'fod a Tiler
(bait ef
Kaie a.
Ihpei of R>
leafe.
Voyages of the E n g l i
treacheroufly and vilely he had been ufed by Rejib ;
Aga. The Kiahya bid him be of good Cheer, and
not think of Things pait, which could not be
remedied : Saying, he doubted not but all would
be well in a little Time ; and that his beft En¬
deavours to ferve him fhould not be wanting.
Sbermall, the Bannian a of Mokha , had made this
Man his Friend. Sir Henry then departed with
Ins Keepers to Prifon, where he was in better
Spirits than before.
The feventh, the Kiahya fent for him to his 1
Garden, where he feafted him and Mr. Femel ,
telling him, that fhortly, he and his People fhould
be fet at Liberty, and fent to Mokha , where he
fhould have Red refs of all his Wrongs. He pro-
mifed likewife to be his Friend ; and before many
great Pe fonages, (both Turks and Arabs) declared
wh it Kindnefs he did him, was purely for God’s
Sake : But Sir Henry well knew, it was in Hopes
of fome great Reward. Hamed Aga’s Letter did
them great Service. The fame Day, there came
to Town a Moor of Kairo , who was an old Ac¬
quaintance of the Bajha’ s, and had lent him large
Sums of Money, at his coming from Conjlantino-
ple, when he was but poor. This Man was next
Neighbour to the Englijh at Mokha , when they
were betrayed ; and had a Ship in the Road,
bound for India , which he greatly feared their
Ships would have taken, in Revenge of the
Wrongs offered them: But they let her quietly
depart, contrary to his Expectation ; fo that he
became their ftaunch Friend. He wrote a Let¬
ter in their Behalf to the Bajha , wherein he
blamed him much for ufing them fo hardly ; fay¬
ing, he went the Way by fuch Meafures, to de-
ftroy the Country, and its Trade. At his Vifit
to the Bajha , he not only repeated what he had
written, but faid a great deal more on the Occa-
fion ; advifing him to return the Englijh all their
Goods, and fend them away contented.
None in the Country durft fpeak fo boldly to
the Bajha , as he ; and it is certain, his Letter pre¬
vailed much with him : For when he fent for them
up, his Dcfign was to have put thofe who came to
death, and made Slaves of all the reft. Sir Henry
had this Account from Sbermall and Hamed Wad-
di , who were both prefent at reading the Letter ;
and likewife heard the Difcourfe between the Ba-
Jha and him. This Hamed Waddi was a very
rich Arabian Merchant, who dwelt at Zenan , and
was called the Bajha’ s Merchant : He flood the
General’s Friend very much, in perfuading that
Commnnder to deal kindly by the Englijh , and
f'uffer them to depart.
The eighth. Sir Lfcnryfent aPetition to the Ba¬
jha, importing, that, whereas at his coming from
Mokha , he had ordered the Commanders of his
s h to the East Indies.
Ships to forbear Hoftilitics for t wenty-five Days, and i6li,
afterwards to ufe their own Difcretions, if in that Sir Henrj
Time they heard not from him ; and whereas the iMd_ileton
Time was almoft expired, he therefore requefted,
that the Bajha would either vouchfafe fpeedily to
determine his Caufe, or afford him fome com¬
fortable News to write them, that might prevent
them from doing Harm, which they might eafily
incline to commit, as being without a Chief.
The eleventh, Sir Henry was fent for by the
1 Kiahya , who told him, that now all Things were
ended ; and that his Stay there was only till the
reft of his Company came up from Aden , pre--
fently after which, they fhould all be fent back to
Mokha.
The feventeenth, Mr. Fowler, and eighteen Englift p,
more of their Company, arrived [from Aden
They were prefently brought before the Bajha, A<1en*
and afked fuch Queftions, as were put to Sir Henry.
Afterwards, Mr. Fowler, John Williams , and Ro-
: bert Mico , were fent to keep him Company ; and
the reft, to thofe in the common Prifon ; where
they were alfo put in Irons, with an Allowance
from the Bajha, of brown Bread and Water:
But they would all have died of Hunger and Cold,
had not Sir Henry relieved them better.
The twenty-fifth, he was fent for to the Kiah-
ya’s Garden, where they fpent fomeHours in Dif¬
courfe. He told Sir Henry, that he fhould pre¬
fently go with him to the Garden of the Bajhar
1 who would there talk with him ; advifing him to
footh that great Man with fair Words, and not
crofs him in any Thing. Sir Henry afked him,,
if he thought the Bajha would reftore him all his
Goods, and the Pinnace again. He faid, he could
not tell : But cautioned him by no Means to fpeak
thereof to the Bajha ; but at his Return to Mo¬
kha, to write to him, faying, he would folicit in
his Behalf; and that he did not doubt but to ob¬
tain it for him. Sir Henry told him, he thought
e it fitter to demand it at that Time, than after¬
wards ; for that he was defirous to know what he
had to truft unto : The Kiahya then bid him ufe
his own Difcretion.
The chief Thing after all, that made this 7^^,
Man their Friend, was a Sum of Money, which/«<t.
Sir Henry had promifed him. He would not be
feen to meddle therein himfelf, but appointed
Sbermall Conful of the Bannians , to treat with
him about it : He demanded much, and Sir Henry
f was willing to part with nothing. They fpent
three or four Days debating this Bufinefs. In the
End, he was conftrained to give them Content ;
promifing, after his Releafe, to pay fifteen hun¬
dred Venetianos. Which being done, the Kiahya
took Horfe, and rode to the Bajhd’s Garden, and
bid theTruchman bring Sir Henry , and Mr. Fe-
* In Purchas, Bennian .
me 4
i 6 1 1.
fair Henry
Middleton*
liwBafU
dlijied,
Ixtoh bis
: on Lenity,
Voyages of the Englis
tnel, thither. They (laid at lead an Hour at the a
Garden Door, before they were admitted to the
Baffd’s Prefence. They found him in a Summer-
Houfe, -feated in a Chair, with his Kiahya (land¬
ing at his Right-hand, and half a Dozen others
at the Back of the Chair. Sir Henry was led by
two Men, who held him by the Cloak, till he
came within two Paces of the Bajha , and there
they flopped him ; Mr. Femel walking behind
him without his Leaders. He afked Sir Henry
how he did, and bid him be of good Cheer ; for b
that, fhortlv, he and all his People, fhould have
their Liberty, and be lent to Mokha, there to re¬
main with twenty-nine more, (the reft being fent
aboard) till all the Ships of India were come into
the Port, and the Winds fettled Wefterly ; after
which, they fhould be allowed to return aboard
alfo, -and proceed on their Voyage to India.
Sir Henry befought him not to detain fo many
of them. His Anfwer was, I have lpoken, and
thirty (hall flay : Then the General dehred to c
know, if their Goods and Pinnace fhould be re-
flored? He replied, no: For that they were all
put to the Grand Signor’s Account. Sir Henry
told him, divers Materials belonging to the Ships,
were at Mokha , and defired they might be fur-
rendered : He faid, they fhould. Then Mr. Fe¬
mel, (at the General’s Inftance) moved again,
that their Goods might be delivered them ; and
was anfwered in the Negative. Then Sir Henry
begged, that he might he thoroughly fatisfied, d
whether all his People fhould be fuffered to return
to the Ships, as foon as the Time, which he had
limited for their Stay, was expired. Hereupon
the Bajha gave his Promife, that they fhould ;
and that even in cafe he had a Turk for his Slave,
he would not detain him : For which Kindnefs
Sir Henry gave him Thanks.
Then he began to make an Apology for what
was paft ; praifing his own mild Temper, in hav¬
ing dealt fo mercifully by them. He took Pains e
to make them fenfible of their good Fortune, in
falling into his Hands ; faying, that had it been in
the Time of any of his PredecefFors, they had all
been put to death, for their Prefumption in coming
fo near their holy City. He let them know farther,
that what had happened to them, was by exprefs
Order from the Grand Signor, urged thereto by
the Bajhas of Kairo and Swaken a, as well as the
Sharif b of Mekka ; who complained, that the Af-
cenfion , and her Pinnace, when they were at f
Mokha , had bought up all the choice Commodi¬
ties of India , whereby his Cuftoms were much
diminifhed ; and that the Trade of thefe Seas
would be quite deftroyed, if fuch Ships were per¬
mitted to repair thither ;• that thereupon, the
Grand Signor difpatched his Letters, command-
to the East Indies.
37 1
1 6 1 1 .
Sir Henry
Middleton*
H
ing him, in cafe any more Englijbmen , or other
Chriflians , came into thofe Parts, to confifcate
their Ships and Goods, and to kill, or make
Slaves, of all the Men they could get into their
Power : The Baftoa added, that however he de-
figned to deal more favourably by them, in fuf-
fering them, without farther Harm, to return to
their Ships, hoping it would be a Warning both
to them, and all others of their Nation, not to
come near thofe Coafts any more.
The firft of February , the Kiahya fent for Sir i< a
Henry , and Mr. Femel, advifmg them to wait on VVaZir*
the Bajha , with the Compliment of, God give him
Joy of his late received Dignity : F or the Grand
Signor had made him a Vizir c, and fent him
Letters of great Favour, with a Sword, and rich
Robes, which are the Marks of Inveftiture in
that Dignity. Thefe Prefents were received two
Days before with great Solemnity ; the Party
who brought them, being met by the Bajl:d, and
all the chief of the City, with the Soldiets, Horle,
and Foot, fix Miles without the Town. There^
a Tent was fet up, where the Bajha putting oft
the Robes he had on before, veiled himfelf in thofe
which were fent him by his Mafter ; and fo in
great Pomp returned, riding through the City to his
ownHoufe. Sir Henry, and others of his Company,
had a Place appointed them, where they faw him
make his Entry ; from whence they were con¬
ducted by their Truchman, to the Vizir’s Palace.
They did not wait long, before they were admit¬
ted to his Prefence : Sir Henry told him, his Com¬
ing was only to congratulate him on his new re¬
ceived Honour, and pray God to give him Joy
thereof. The Vizir thanked, and bid him be
merry ; for that what he had promifed, he would
punctually perform, nay, and be better than his
Word. He was very pleafant, and took their
Vifit on this Occafion fo kindly, that, as a great
Favour, Mr. Femel and he, were permitted to
kifs Hand.
SECT. IV.
The Englifh fet at Liberty . Sir Henry takes Leave
of the Bafha. Gets his Dijpatch. Zenan, or
Sanaa, dejeribed. They fet out for Mokha.
Adventures by the IVay. A Youth forced to turn
Mohammedan, and detained. Arrive at Mck-
ha. Alight at the Aga’r. Mokha deferibed.
Sir Henry invited to a Feajl by the Aga. Some
Englifh fent aboard. Affab Road. Rahayta
Port. Ships from India. The Commanders vi¬
fit Sir Henry. Rejib Aga’r Envy.
MEAN while, many of the Engliff falling The En’lift
fick and weak through Grief, Cold, and fa free.
weighty Fetters, as well as bad Air, Diet, and
Snacbett , in Pure has.
b In the fame Place, Sheriff.
Bbb 2
c Rather, Wazir.
Lodging,
Middleton.
372 Voyages of the
1 61 1. Lodging, Sir Henry never ceafed foliciting the
Sir- Henry Kiahya , till he had procured their Difcharge out
,of that loathfome Prifon : So that on the eleventh,
they were all fet free; and had a Houfe in the
Town, with Liberty to walk abroad, and take
the Air. To add to the Favour, that Officer next
Day, fent him fix Beefs, to beftow among his
Men : So that in few Days, they all recovered
their former Health and Strength. "The Kiahya
informed him alfo, that Rejib Aga had written
earneftly to the Bajtod, that the Englijh might all
be fent to Aden , and there taken into their Ships:
By wffiich Means, his Town of Mokha , and fuch
Veflels of India, as fliould pafs the Bdb a, might be
fecure againft any Attempts of Sir Henry , in Re¬
venge : But the Kiahya prevented this Advice
from taking Place.
Taket Leave Th e feventeenth, early, the Kiahya fent for
•Jibe Eaflu. Sir Henry , Mr. Femel , and others, and told him,
that next Morning, he and his People fliould de¬
part for Mokha. After they had breakfafled, he
brought them to take Leave of the Bajha , who
began again to extol his own Clemency, and the
Power of the Grand Signor, faying, he had a
long Sword ; and ftri<Stly charged Sir Henry not
to come any more into thofe Seas : He added, that
neither Chrijiian , nor Lutheran b, fliould be admit¬
ted there, not even if they had the Grand Signor’s
Pafs; for that fo he had commanded him. Then
Sir Henry requefted, that in cafe any of his Na¬
tion fhould come thither, before he could give
Advice to England , they might not be betrayed,
as he had been, but plainly forbidden to trade,
that they might know what they had to truft to ;
and fo be permitted quietly to depart : Which Re-
queft, the Bajha would by no Means grant. Then
the General entreated him to write to Rejib Aga ,
to acquaint that Governor with the Conceffions
he had made in his Favour ; faying, that other-
wife, he who was his mortal Enemy, would do
him and his People farther Wrong. He anfwer-
ed with great Pride, Is not my Word alone fujfcient
to turn a whole City upftde down ? If Rejib Aga
wrong you , I will pull his Skin over his Ears , and
give you his Head: Is he not my Slave ?
eniln DiJ This faid, he ordered the Kiahya to write Sir
paub, Henry’s Difpatch ; who, in the laft Place, de-
English to the East Indies.
. manded an Anfwer to the King’s Letter ; but he 161.1
would give him none. Being come from the Sir He™
Bajha’ s, he told the Kiahya, he had never a Sword, Mi^dietoi
and defired Leave to buy one, that he might not
ride down as he came up, like a Prifoner : He
acquainted the Bajha therewith, who fent him
one of his own call Swords. The Kiahya alfo this
Morning, gave Sir Henry an hundred Pieces of
Gold, of forty Madines c each, befides fifty which
he had received from him not many Days before ;
> and from the Bajha nothing but his rufty Sword ;
For the Kiahya was of a liberal Difpofition, and the
Bafa exceeding covetous. If any Man was known
to be rich, he had need to carry himfelf warily :
For the leaft Occafion would coft him his Head,
that the Bajhd might enjoy his Effects; as it late¬
ly befel a rich Aga , whom he caufed to be mur¬
dered privately, and then feized upon all he had.
The eighteenth, Sir Henry paid all the Prifon
Dues, and went to the Kiahya’ s Garden, where
: he breakfafled, and received his Difpatch, with
a Letter to the Governor of Aden,' fox reftoring
the Pepper-Corn’s Boat. He requefted his Letter
to the Governor of Tayes, for delivering Mr.
Pemberton’s Lad, who was left there ftck ; and, as
they had been informed, was compelled to turn
Mohammedan d. He wrote his Letter and fealed
it; but to what Effe£l, was unknown to Sir Henry,
who immediately after took his Leave, and left
the City.
ZENANe is fomewhat bigger than Brijlol. zenan, v
The Houfes are of Lime and Stone. They haveSanaa> ^
none by Well Water ; and Wood, (being far^r'^'
fetched) is very dear. It is walled, and has a
Fort and Caftle on the Eaft Side, where the Ba¬
jhd refides. The Keeper of the Prifon’s Houfe,
wherein Sir Henry was confined, was contiguous
to the Wall; at the Foot of which, there was a
fpacious Yard, wherein a great Number of Peo¬
ple, ’for the moftPart Women and Children, were
detained Prifoners, or Pledges, to keep their Pa¬
rents, Husbands, and Relations, from Rebellion.
The Bovs, while little, go loofe in the Yard ; but
as foon as grown, big, they are clapped in Irons,
and carried to a ftrong Tower for the Purpofe,
where they continue during the Bajhd’s Pleafure.
The Women and Children, who remain in the
a Or the Bdbs, that is, the Streights of Bdb Almondub,. or Babel Mandd, as corruptly called by Europeans „
* This was an odd Expreflion ; nor is it eafy to tell, what the Bajha meant by it : Unlefs we fuppofe, that he thus
diftinguifhed Protejlants from Papijts. Which feems, at firft Sight, to be a Conltrudlion no Way favourable to
the former ; fince Lutheran , here. Hands in Oppofition to Chrijiian : But if it be conlidered, that Chrtftian was
only another Name with them for Idolater ; on Account of the Worfhip of Images, and Adoration of the Hoft,
prattifed by the Portugueze, and other Europeans,, till then, known in thofe Parts, it will appear a Diflindtion
much in their Favour ; and fhews, that they had convinced the Turks , they did not commit thofe Idolatries,
which tend to render the Name of Chrijiian fo odious to all Mohammedans. c Or, Maydens. d In
Purchat, to turn Turk ; a very common Mode of fpeaking; but a great Impropriety; as bad, as if one fhould
fey, of a Perfon who had clianged his Religion in France , that he turned Frenchman . e Coverie calls it, .
h&eena. See p. 345. Note*.
Yard.,
%
Vo
1 6 1 1 •
Sir Henry
: Middleton.
They fit tut
f;r Mokha.
AAutr.turtS
by the Way.
A Youth
detained.
yages of the English
Yard, live in little Cottages. The Children go, a
for the moft part, naked, unlefs the Weather be
very cold ; and then they have Sheep-lkin Coats
to keep them warm : They are as wild and rude
as if thev were brought up in the Mountains.
Sir HENRY, Mr. Feme /, and- Mr. Fowler,
were mounted on Horfes ; the reft upon Afles,
or Camels. They had two Chaujh’s to conduft
them, one on Horfeback, the other on Foot.
The Road lay through the following Places, i.
Siam , a little Town with a Caftle on the Side t
of a Hill, fixteen Miles from Z enan. 2. To Su-
rage, a Village eighteen Miles farther. 3. T o
Damare , a fmall City, twenty Miles. 4. To £r-
min, a fmall Village, fifteen Miles. 5. To Nak-
bil Sammar a a Senfor b, or Inn (on a Hill of
that Name) fourteen Miles. 6. To Mohader, a
Village, thirteen Miles. 7. To Rabattamaine, a
Senfor, fixteen Miles. 8. To Merfadin , a Cof-
fee-houfe % fixteen Miles. 9. To Fayez City,
half as big as Zenart. 10. To Eufras , a Town
fixteen Miles, 11. To Ajfambine, a Senfor, ele¬
ven Miles. 12. To Akkamoth , a Senfor, thir¬
teen Miles. 13. To Moufa Town, feventeen Miles.
14. To Mokha d.
They refted at Damare [or Dhamar~\ two
Days, by Order of Abdallah Chelabi % the Ba-
Jhd’ s Kiahya, who was Governor of this Province.
The craggy Mountain Country over which they
pafled, was, for the moft part, under the Arabs ,
who cannot brook the proud and infolent Carri¬
age of the Turks. None of thefe latter dare tra¬
vel this Road through Nakhil Samar , without a
Paffport of the Governor of the Province from
whence they came. At Mohader their Chaujh’s
having taken up Afles over Night, purfuant to
the Bajha’ s Warrant ; next Morning the Arabs
way-laid them, and took the Afles from them,
neither of their Guardians daring to give them an
ill Word.
to the East Indies. 373
Life : That he refufing to comply, afterwards fome 1 6 1 1 *
of the Aged § Servants carried him to a hot Bath, ^'|,^enry
and when they had him naked, circumcifed him ^ J, 6!!”’ a
by Force. When Sir Henry faw that his own Ap¬
plication was of no Avail, he delivered the Kic-
hya’s Letter to the Aga , who, when he had read
it, told him the Purport ; which was, that m
cafe he had not changed his Religion, the Aga
fhould yield him up. Whereupon he faid that that
Letter was Warrant fufEcient for detaining him.
Sir Henry fufpedted the Letter was to that Effect
when it was given to him ?, which made him
not deliver it till he had tried what he could do
himfelf in the Matter.
Sir HENRY and his People were ufed very
kindly at their going up, by the Governor of Eu¬
fras , who was a Turk ; and hearing that he was
upon his Return that Way, he fent a Perfon to
a Place, where two Roads met, fix Miles from
the Town, in order to bring them thither, and
: there entertained him as generoufly as he had
done before.
They made fourteen Stages or Journeys .of Arrive as-
it, and were fixteen Days on the Road, which Moktau
was very populous. They arrived at Mokha
the fifth of March , about eight in the Morn¬
ing. Only they refted two or three Hours by the
Way at a Church, or Coffee-houfe, called Da-
buliy built by a Merchant of Dabul h, they had
gotten thither before Day. A Mile without
d the Town they were met by the Carpenters,
Smiths, and the reft detained there, whofe Irons
had been taken off the Day before, with Liberty
to walk abroad. Afking what was become of
Mr. Pemborton , they told him he lighted upon a
Canoe, and got aboard ; which he was glad to
hear, for he never expedted to fee him more.
From the Town’s End, all the Way to the Aga s
Houfe, the People flood very thick ; and as the
Englijh pafled, welcomed them back : For it was
They ftaid two Days at Tayes, during which e no way pleafing to the Arabs, to lee how treach-
_ . . . ...*•< H ^ . . fl. . v m non ll iPfl f"nP IT!
Time Sir Henry did all in his Power to recover Mr.
Pemberton's Youth, whom the Governor Homed
Aga had obliged by Threats to change his Re¬
ligion. Walter Talbot , who fpoke Turkijh , being
permitted to fee him in a Chamber, wheie he
was with other Lads, he wept, and faid he
was no Mohammedan f in his Heart. He added,
that he was deluded by them, telling him, that
Sir Henry and all the reft were put to death at Ze-
eroufly the Turks had ufed them.
They rode till they came to the Aga9 s Houfe,
where they alighted, Sir Henry , Meffrs. FenteV f ^ *
and Fowler , being brought before him, the firft
delivered his Letters from Z enan. Rajib received^
him with his ufual Dillimulation, and Shew of
Kindnefs, bidding them welcome. He faid he was
glad of their fafe Return, and that he was forry
and afhamed of what was paft , defiring Sir Hen-
nan
f r, to pardon him, and alluring him, rha, .hence
Order fo. deling up .he Vo^
‘I’*! Mm few.. SThe Reafonfor
cEg the Coffee-houfe Datuli, is die fame that has been mentioned with Relation to Saba), p. pa-
374
i6n.
Sir Hem y
Middleton.
Mnlcha
deJcnbeJ.
- j - - - v-i ^ itiuuicu d giceii.
ftrong Houfe, (landing alone in a fpacious Church¬
yard a in the Middle of the Town j a Captain
and his Company being fet to guard them. He
watched himfelf in the Day, and his Soldiers
furrounded the Place by Night.
M(j KHA is one third lefs than Tayez, un-
Sir Henry
invited to a
Mtajl,
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
forward he would be his Friend j and that the a tisfied, and obliged to him. Next Dav the Ago ,6TT
I rouble which had befallen them was not of his made a great Feaft at his Plea fare -houfe, for the Sir He„„
procunng, who did nothing (he faid) but what Dabul Merchants, to which Sir Henry and Mr. Middleton
his Mailer commanded him. Sir Henry foothed Femel were likewife invited. The Dabullians ' —
him, but believed nothing he fpoke. He read the were all mounted on gallant Horfes, with rich
Command of the Bajha , and laid ail Things Furniture, and they upon a Couple of tired lean
rould oe performed accordingly. Whereupon Jades, which they brought from Zenan.
he called for Brea Lfaft, and caufed them to fit The eighth, he fent for all the Englijh to come*™ ^
( own w'th hl,n> bidding Sir Henry eat and be before him ; and having feparated Sir Henry witl/"1' aUari'
merry ; for that now he had eaten Bread and all the Merchants, Carpenters, Smiths and others,
baL with him, he need not fear any Harm. Af- b (to the Number of thirty) who were to flay on
ter Breakfaft he went to look tor a Houfe for Land ; the reft, being thirty -fix, were fent a-
them, and pitched on a handfome large one, board the Darling .
near the Sea -fide. But conftdering it flood too The ninth, Sir Henry had made his Efcape,
mgh the W ater, and favoured their Efcape, two if he had not been more careful of others, whom
nays after they were removed to a great great he ought to have left behind, than for himfelf.
This Day, the Darling , having taken in the Men
and fome Neceffaries, departed towards the other
Ships on the Coaft of Habajheh ; where they found
out an excellent Station, called Ajab* Road, fe- Aflat. Road
c cure again ft all Winds that blow in thofe Seas,
_ — - - v~—> — and affording Wood and Water enough, but a
walled, very populous, and feared clofe by the little brackilh, for only the Trouble of fetching
ver'„5’H \ ’ % Tw "■ 7F G°' The Pe0P,e of the Country ^ “ black as the
?""" 8 was clofe by the Water-f.de ; and Negros of Guinea : They are all Mohammedan,
rear it, the Key, or Bridge, which fcooteth along the Coaft ; but within Land, Chriflians
pretty far into the Sea. At this Key all Boats fubjefl to Prefer John *. They go naked/ with
belonging to Shipping, are obliged to land, to only a Cloth about their Waifts, which reaches
prevent running of Goods: And clofe to it is a to their Knees. They were at firft very fearful
off0™’ wheref ™ P’“‘ed about a Dozen of the Englijh : But after being acquainted, and
Brafs Cannon. At the Weftern End of the d Peace was ratified by mutual Oaths, they daily
Town there is a Fort, wherein is the like Num- repaired with Oxen, Sheep, and Goats/which
L °1 The Fort was ruined when they fold at reafonable Rates, firft for Money :
the Englijh hi ft went thither, but after it was but afterwards they defired coarfe Calico rather,
pulled down and new built _ (which Sir Henry had from Mehha) and gave
o Tnuthe £ar mi Came int0 the >he Englijh better Bargains, in Exchange, than
Road, and brought them News that the reft were they had before. Their Dealing was faithful and
well. The tMh, Nakhada MalekAmhar ”, Cap- kind, notwithftanding the Turks endeavoured to
tam of a great Ship of Dabul (which came into difpofe them otherwife, by means of fmall Batks
the Road two Days before Sir Henry’s Arrival at which pafs to and fro
Mokha) landed with a great many Merchants, e The King of this Country ref.des at a TownR.h.,1.
who were all carried about the Town in Pomp, on the Coaft, called Rahayta, about forty Miles <’«•
and afterwards feafted by the Aga. Sir Henry to the Southward, near the Bab. He fent fome
iikewile was invited to tins Feaft, and entertain- of his chief Men to the Commanders of the
ed in a very friendly Manner. The - A,a, in Ships, with Prefects, and Promife of any thing
Prefence oMhe whole Company, called for the his Country afforded : They returned the Pro-
Tents, and entertained the Meflengers very cour-
teoufty. Their vulgar Speech is not underftood
by the Arabs ; but the better Sort fpeak and
write the Arabic.
■A P KI L the firft, 1611, the Darling depart- Ships from
Koran c, kiffed it, and voluntarily fwore, that
he had no Malice, or ill Will to the General,
but vvifhed him all Succefs ; protefting, he
would do any thing in his Power to ferve him j
and was much grieved Tor what was paft. Sir
Henry returned him Thanks, Teeming greatly Ta-
ed Tor Ajjabt with Leave every ten Days to re-
Ifjdiu.
b T Bp C/L'rChJ/rd/1%ny0t, h; ar*derftood a Burying-place, but Court or Inclofure, Tet apart for the Masied
Mead of Rakhtda. “ ‘ ' J/tVn Ibid.^ d «*>« % IfeubLe,
Herbs and Pafture, according to the Letter made ufe of infheXfcftr ff
a v e, ne take it in the better SenTe. 6 The Name then for the Emperor of Habajh , Habajheh or Abijftnia.
turn,
Voyages of the E n g l i s h to the East Indies.
6ll. turn, to fee how Sir Henry did ; who, from this a happened in thofe Parts: OneCopy he fen t to the
i 1 ^ _ j : ] r l _ : i it _ rV^f. .1 nt zlhhFtn anti Qnnfhpr fn the T^ypvrh
i
'.Sir Henry
Middleton.
h-'
ejeb Aga'j
xvy.
- - 7 J " X
unlooked for ICindnefs, conceived Hopes of ma¬
king his Efcape. The fecond, there came into
the Road, another Ship of Dabul, full of Peo¬
ple. The Nakhada rode about the Town in a
painted Coal:, as the Manner is. Thefe Robes
were lent them for the Purpofe, and afterward
returned to the Keeper of the Wardrobe, to
whom belongs a Duty for Lone of them. The
third, , there came a Jelba, from Aden , which
brought the Pepper-Corn's Boat.
The fourth, there arrived another Ship of
Dabul , which laded at Achln with Pepper. Thefe
three great Ships belonged to the Governor of
Dabul’, who was a Perfian , and a great Mer¬
chant. He had many Slaves, whereof Malek
Amber was one. This Perfon was in great Cre¬
dit with him; and had the Difpofal of the Goods
brought in thefe three VefleP. He was a Negro,
born in Habajheh a, and might havecoft his Maf-
ter fifteen or twenty Ryals of Eight ; yet then
never llirred abroad without Troops of Follow¬
ers, like fome great Lord.
The fixth. Sir Henry fent to the Kiahya , Ab¬
dallah Chelabi , a fine Mufket, and a fmall Bar¬
rel of Powder, which he had promifed. The
feventh, there arrived from India a fmall Ship,
laden with Cotton ; and the eleventh, from the
fame Parts, two fmall Alalabar Barks, belonging
to one of the Ifies of Alaldivia. The chief of
375
„„rr _ w i6ii.
Envlijh Conful at Aleppo , and another to the French Sir Henry
Conful at Kairo: Which Letters he delivered to _ M ddleton‘
a Guzerat. The tenth, there arrived a fmall
Bark from the Coaft of Swahell , or Magadoxo ,
with Elephants Teeth and Amber. There ufed
to come four Barks annually ; but their Country
being engaged in War, and the Portugueze ha¬
ving burned their Shipping, no more would ven¬
ture out this Year. The Men buy their Ne-
b gros and Amber at Kankamarra , in St. Laurence ,
where Captain Bowles d was taken and betrayed,
after whom Sir Henry enquired.
SECT. V.
The Darling arrives. Sir Henry ref elves to efcape.
Gives Directions about it. Seizes the Opportu¬
nity. Carried off in a Cask. Some of his Alen
retaken. Others efcape in a Boat. The Fugi¬
tives fettered. Confufion at Mokha. Toe Aga’r
Fiffimulation. Truce for fifteen Days. The
Increafe arrives. Orders for releafing the Eng-
lifh. Sham Indemnity given by Sir Henry..
THIS Day, about Noon, came in the Dar-^hf Doling
ling , and firing a Gun, according to her ctmtl tn'
Cuftom, for a Boat to come aboard, the Shot
grazed upon the Water, towards the I own.
The Aga was difpleafed hereat, but gave Sir Hen¬
ry Leave to fend to the Ship. He fent a Letter
IU Uiiv- liiwo Oi . * iiv vm.v. , J * - - - - -- »
them went often to vifit Sir Henry , till he was d by one of his Servants, ordering him to come
, . 1 1 f 1 .4 rr^ I 1 .1 .1. _ _ Mr Ppfnhpr-
forbidden by the Aga. The twelfth, there en¬
tered two Barks more, from India ; for then the
Wind was Wefterly : In which Point it continu¬
ed for five Days, and afterward veered about a-
gain to the South South-Eaft. The fourteenth,
there came in a fmall Bark, laden with Cotton
for the Bannians ; and next Day another from
Baffanor. The Nakhada paid a Vifit to Sir Hen¬
ry , which the Aga repined at. The feventeenth,
there arrived a large Karawan of Merchants from e
Damafcus b, Suez , and Mekka , to trade with
thofe of India. The nineteenth, a Ship and
a Bark caft Anchor, from Kananor. The Cap¬
tain of the great Ship, followed by Crouds of
his People, came to fee Sir Henry ; which the
Aga ftomaching, he fent for him in the midll
of his Vifit, and forbad fuch Correfpondence.
The twentieth, there arrived a Ship of Kali-
kut , and the Darling j and the twenty -third,
a fmall Bark belonging to the King of Sokotra c,
from Goa.
The fecond of May , 161 1, Sir Henry difpatched
Letters {ox England, with an Account of all that had
no more alhore ; and withal to tell Mr. Pember-
jon not to fend his Boat to Land, till he heaid
farther from him.
At Day-break, on the eleventh, the Agar
with all his chief Men of the Towny rode out
in great State to his Pleafure Garden. Sir Henryr
glad of this fair Opportunity, refolvcd to put his
lorw-determined Defign of efcaping, in Practice : $,> Henry
Y ox Homed Aga, and others, had told him, that «/*/*« f.
the Bajha would not perform his Word, unlefs W*
he was forced to it e. Sir Henry s Letter was
written to Mr. Pemberton , fignifying that he de¬
signed the fame Day to make his Efcape aboard,
conveyed in an empty Calk; and therefore defired
him to fend the Boat, with all Speed, w'ell man¬
ned, befides a Bottle of Aqua Vitce, and another
of Wine, to make his Keepers drunk : Which
was accordingly done. Before he acquainted Mr.
Femel with his Intention, he made him fwear to
f be fecret, and ufe no Arguments to difluade him
from what he had refolved upon. After this, he
(hewed what he had written to Mr. Pemberton ;
and then directed him to walk out, with others.
1 In Purcbas, Habejfe, that is Habajh, Habajheh, or Abafiia, and AbiJJinia, as it is called by different u-
thors. b In Purcbas, Damafco. c Zacotora, in Purcbas. d Captain of the Union. ee
before, p. 350. e. 6 This we take to be the Senfe of the Words in Purcbas , But for rear.
ta
376 Voyages u/ English
i 6 1 1, to a certain Place, by the Water-fide, where he
S,r Henry promifed (in cafe he got fafe to the Boat himfelf)
to come and take them
to the East Indies.
Si r HENRT came to an Anchor, and in wait- j 61 r
IWii'dleton.
in.
Seizes tie
Opportunity,
Carried eff
m a Cask,
Sir HENRThad appointed the Carpenters,
urn ekut it, and others, to repair to the Southward of the
Town, where lay a Boat hard by the Shore,
with Mad: and Sail ready to take them in ; charg¬
ing them, at the fame Time, not to embark
themfelves . till they faw the Ship’s Boat put off
from the Bridge.
Every thing fell out luckily to favour Sir
Henry's Attempt ; the Subajha (who was their
Guardian, and left in Town only to watch him)
fell to drinking hard at a Racky Houfe. The
General, doubting that the Turks would not
perform their Promife, had long meditated an
Efcape : But could not hit upon any Device for
effecting it, but what was apparently attended
with Danger, till he thought upon this Method
of being fecretly conveyed into the Boat: For the
Eyes of his Keeper and the Soldiers were only
upon him. He never went out of Doors with¬
out two or three attending him; whereas all the
reft of his Company might walk abroad any
where in the Day-time, without Sufpicion, or
any great Infpe&ion.
All things being ready, and the Keepers
drunk, about twelve at Noon the Subajha return¬
ed from drinking ; and retiring to his Quarters,
at one End of the Houfe, parted from the Englijh
only by a Wall, the better to guard-them, Sir
Henry began to put his Projeft in Execution. He
ordered the Carpenters to take others with them,
and to go by two and two in the beft Manner
they could, to avoid Sufpicion. He directed Mr.
Femel , and thofe he had appointed to take-in to
Leeward of the Town, to go two or three in a
Company along the Sea-fide, to the Place, and
there wait his Coming. After he had given thefe
Diredtions, he was inclofed in his Tub, and fafe-
ly conveyed into the Boat: Which being done, <
he forced out the Head of the Calk, and came
aboard ; caufing the Men to bear-up with the
Leeward Point, where he took in eleven Perfons *.
Some »f bit Mr. Femel , and others, being too dilatory in fet-
ting out, were taken before they could reach the
Boat: For by this Time the Town was raifed,
partly by the indifcreet Running of fome of the
Englijh, and partly by feeing the Boat bear up
to Leeward, contrary to Cuftom. He might
however have efcaped with his Company, had he i
come by Land to the Point, and not taken Wa¬
ter fo fooh as others behind him, who were fick
and weak.
ing for them brought the Boat a-ground, which Sir Henry
put them all in much Danger. He likewife cauf- Middleton.
ed Men to leap over-board, to refcue Femel: But £ -
before they could get a Pike’s Length from the R“ake',,
Boat, he and thofe with him were apprehended.
Mr. Femel being clofely purfued by one Perfon,
difcharged a Piftol in his Face, and mortally
wounded him. Sir Henry , finding the whole Town
in Purfuit of him, and confidering that he had
a very narrow and Ihoal Channel to pafs, be¬
tween a fmall fandy Ifland and the Main, faw it
would be Folly to ftay any longer ; therefore or¬
dering the Men to put forward, they luckily hit
upon the right Channel, which quickly brought
them into deep Water, and out of Danger of
their Enemies.
They in the Darling kept good Watch on Otbenefcapt
the Tops; and fo foon as they faw the Boat un-ina BMt>
der Sail, let flip, and bore up to Leeward, to
relieve them in cafe of Need. By the Time they
got aboard, the Boat wherein the Carpenters
were, coming in Sight, Sir Henry fent the Ship’s
Boat to bring them aboard b. Walter Talbot ,
who was appointed to come with them, ftayed fo
long behind, that the Boat was put off before he
came up ; and he thinking to fwim aboard, was
drowned. About two Hours after, two poor A-
rabs appeared in a Canoe, but were fo fearful
they durft not come nigh the Ship ; till at length,
being won by fair Words, one of them entered,
and delivered the General a Letter from Mr. Fe¬
mel: Intimating, that they were in great Danger
of being flain or fpoiled by thofe who apprehend¬
ed them ; but that fome of the Soldiers, bearing
them good Will, faved them, and brought them
to then’s, where they waited his coming home.
On Sight of them he looked as pale as Alhes,
and faid they fhould all lofe their Heads ; afk-^^
ing how they durft attempt an Efcape ? They fettered.
anfwered they came out of England under the
General’s Command, and did nothing but by his
Orders, which they durft not difobey. He again
threatened them with Lofs of their Heads, and
caufed them all to be chained by the Necks : But
they were quickly releafed at the Entreaty of
Nakhada Malek Amber , Nakhada Mohammed , of
Kananor , and others, and permitted to remain in
their former Houfe ; but under a ftronger Guard
than before. This their Kindnefs proceeded not
out of Love, but for Fear of their Ships in the Road,
which were then under Sir Henry's Command ;
who returned an Anfwer, and fent the Aga Word,
that if he did not forthwith fend him all his
ItIV
1 Their Names were, . John Fowler, Benjamin Green , Rowland Webbe, Robert Mieo, Robert Conwey, William
Bownes, John W right, Arthur Atkinjon , Thomas Evans, John Wood, and Henry Fortune . b In this Boat
efcaped George Colhnjon, Robert Finis , Nathaniel Symonds, and John Taylor,
People,
V o y A g e s of the E n g L i s h tv East Indies,
l6l I. Pe°plei and the Ship Furniture, which he detained
S(> Henry contrary to the Bajha' s Order, he would fire the
Middleton. Ships in the Road, and do his beft to batter the
Town about his Ears. He likewife Pent Word to
the Nakhada’ s, that he would not Puffer any Boat
to go to their Ships, without firft coming aboard
his, to acquaint him with their BufinePs ; nor
any thing to be carried out of them, but by his
Leave and Order.
C'rfufm at After his EPcape, there was no Pmall Dif-
Mjkha. turbance in the Town. The Aga not knowing b
what AnPwer to make to the Bajhd , feared it
would coft him his Head. The Subajha , who
had been Sir Henry’s Keeper, was at his Wit’s
End, and knew not whether he had beft ftay or
fly for his Life. The Amir al Babr a (or Lord of
the Sea ) was in little better taking, being accufed
of confenting to his EPcape : One of their Porters
took San&uary in a Church, and would not come
out till he had gotten his Pardon. Moft of the
Nakhadas and Merchants, in great Fear of lofing c
their Ships and Goods, fent Prefents of Victuals
to Mr. Femel and the reft, whom before they
Pcorned to Ppeak to. At Night, Sir Henry fent
the Boat well manned to carry the News to their
Ships, with Orders likewife to come over with
all Speed. He plied to Windward in th z Darlings
when the Tide Perved, and rode a little without
the great Ship ; fo that he had her and all the reft
under the Command of his Ordnance.
T»e Aga’i The twelfth, Nakhada Mohammed of Kananor d
Dtfmulxtion. came aboard with Letters, telling Sir Henry , that
the Aga was forry he went away in that Manner,
for that he was determined, within a few Days,
to have Pet him at Liberty, and all his People:
That he would deliver the Furniture belonging
to the Ships, which were afhore, but could not
fend his People without an Order Prom the Bajhd:
That he intreated fifteen Days Refpite ; and if,
in that Time, all his Men were not fent aboard,
they defired no Favour. The General told him, e
that he likewife expected to have his Pinnace re-
ftored, for that he would not leave the Road
without her. The Nakhada Paid, he would ac¬
quaint the Aga with his Demand, and doubted
not but fhe would be delivered up. Sir Henry
yielded to his Requeft, upon his Promife, that he
fhould have both Men and Pinnace within the
Time limited. He durft not demand Reftitu-
tion or Satisfaction for his Goods, till fuch Time
as he had recovered all his Men from Shore. f
'me fr fif. MOHA MM ED having acquainted the Aga
with the Conditions, upon which he had obtained
fifteen Days Truce, he was very angry, that
Sir Henry had infilled on having the Pinnace ;
and Pending for Mr. Femel and John JFilliam ,
afked, What the General meant by demanding
Days,
her, fince fhe was the Bajhd’s by Agreement with
him ? Saying, he might as well demand the Goods
as the Pinnace, both which were put to the Ac¬
count of the Grand Signor. They made AnPwer,
That he could not wrell proceed on his Voyage
without the Pinnace *, but that for the Goods,
they affured him, he would never demand them.
Mean time, the Darling’s Cables, Anchors, Pitch,
Tar, and other Materials were brought from
Shore ; and few Days paffed, but Sir Henry had
one Prefent or other of Refrefhment from the
Aga , the Dabulian , and others ; who, although
they would fcarce take Notice of him whilft on
Land, now were glad to flatter him. This Morn¬
ing early, a Boat going from Shore aboard the
innermoft Ship, the General caufed two Guns to
be fhot at her, which brought her aboard him.
On threatning to hang them, and burn their
Ships, if they did Po any more, they durft not
attempt the like afterwards.
The thirteenth, the Increafe and Pepper-Corn,
towards Night, came to Anchor in Sight of the
Road, not able to get in, becaufe the Leeward
Tide was againft them. But next Morning en-
tring the fame. Sir Henry went aboard the In¬
creafe , where he was received with great Joy.
The eighteenth, there arrived a Ship of Diu, be¬
longing to Shermal the Shah Bandar b, laden with
Indian Commodities, which Sir Henry caufed to
ride hard by him : But next Day, at the Intreaty
of Shermal , he licenfed all the People (excepting
fome few to look to the Ship) to go afhore. The
twentieth, he heard nothing from the Shore : But
the twenty-firft, Mr. Femel writ him Word, that
they had all been chained by the Necks.
The twenty-fifth, Nakhada Mohammed came
aboard, and informed Sir Henry , that the Bajhd
had given Order for the Releafe of his Men and
Pinnace, promifing to bring them next Day.
The Increafe fhot off three Pieces at his Depar¬
ture. This Day all the Englijh at Land were
chained by the Necks, and the next Day releafed :
The Caufe of which UPage they could not learn.
The twenty-fixth, Mohammed returned, Pay¬
ing, the Pinnace was launched : But the Aga
would neither deliver her nor the Men, till Sir
Henry had given him a Writing figned by him-
Pelf, and four or five more of the principal Per-
fons in the Ships ; importing, that he would
maintain perfeCt Peace with the Turks (the Aga’s
Subjects) and Indians : That he would not med¬
dle [with any Ships] either in this Sea, or elf®*-
where, in Revenge of what had paffed ; nor de¬
mand Reftitution or Satisfaction for Goods taken
from him : Which Engagement was to be con¬
firmed by Oath. Sir Henry told him, that he
was furprized to find he came every Day with
377
161 1.
Sir Henry
Middleton.
The Trade'*
Increafe ar¬
rives.
Order fir
releafing the
EngUfh.
3 Emeryor Bahar , in Pttrchas,
Vol.I. N° XIX,
b In PurchaSy Shabander ; afterwards, Sh (bander.
C c c
new
378
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
i 6 i I. new Demands : That as he had the Day before a any thing which came from fo unconfcionable a Dog , 1611
. . •<- t i /• « . i i • i • i i »• r? _ _ l.. ...L.r. _ l . L-j _ • _ i r. ..
Sir Henry promifed abfolutely to bring him the Pinnace
Middleton. an(j ajj y,;s Man, he took jt for granted it would
have been done ; but that fince he had not kept
his Word, he intended, for better Security, to de¬
tain him, and thofe who were with him, as Ho-
ftages, till he had performed his Engagement ;
defiring him to acquaint the Aga therewith.
Mohammed alledged, that he having undertaking
this Affair of his own Accord, fhould reap much
and his Enemy ; by whofe Order he had received fo Sir Henry
much Wrong . Mohammed finding he would not Middleton
take it, left it with his Man, and fo departed
carrying with him the Turk taken in the Darlings
(who had remained aboard the Increafe till then)
and promifed to return in the Morning with the
Pinnace.
Accordingly, the twenty-feventh, he The Pmta
brought the Pinnace, and afked. If all he had refltnd.
Difcredit, and be laughed at for his Forwardnefs, b promifed was performed ? The General replied,
if he fhould write to thatPurpofe; and therefore
declared plainly, that he would not write fuch a
Letter, let what would betide him : But promifed,
if Sir Henry would give him fuch a Writing as
he demanded, and fend him afhore, that he would
bring him all his People aboard before Night
No : For that he ftill wanted a Boy, whom they
detained at Tayes , and had forced to change his
Religion ; declaring, that he fhould be delivered
to him before he would releafe the Ships. Mo¬
hammed replied, that he would tell the Aga , and
return with his Anfwer. This Morning early Sir
AJham In fHE General, finding he could obtain nothing Henry called a Council, wherein he put the Quef-
demrnty. Compulfion, thought it beft to yield to him tion. Whether he fhould releafe the Ships ac-
in Appearance, and give him fome Writing, cording to Promife, or detain them till Reftitu-
though of a different Nature from what he de- c tiort was made him. It was concluded, that he
fired. Thereupon Sir Henry caufed a Memoran- fhould releafe all the Ships which were of India ,
dum to be drawn up in Englijh , containing a brief and their Friends ; and indemnify themfelves up-
Relation of the treacherous Ufage he had met on the Ship that was to come from Suez. He
with in this Country, and nothing elfe ; which likewife demanded what Courfe was beft to take
was figned by him and five more, as Witnefles for Recovery of the Youth at Tayes. Some thought
of the Truth thereof : Withal, he fent Advice to it would be fruitlefs to demand him ; propofing,
Mr. Femel, how he fhould interpret it. Sir inftead thereof, to lie in wait for fome Perfons
Henry delivered him the Writing he defired, but of Worth, in Exchange for whom they might
refufed to fwear ; faying, his Word fhould be procure his Liberty. The General was of a con-
truer than a Turk's Oath at all Times. Afhore d trary Opinion, and thought it fit to demand
he went, leaving fome of the better Sort of his him at that Juncture, when they fhould have
Company for Pledges ; and bid the General hang many to folicit for him, rather than depend upon
them, in cafe he did not bring him all his Com¬
pany aboard that Night.
SECT. VI.
The Englifh fent on hoard. The Pinnace rejlored.
The Boy promifed. Mejfage from the Baiba. Sir
Henry’r Threats and Demands. The Aga ’s pert
the Uncertainty of taking Prifoners. Wherefore
it was refolved to infift upon having the Boy fur-
rendered ; but not to mention a W ord about re-
ftoring their Goods.
The twenty-eighth, a Writing was fent the Tbe Bcypn
General from the Aga, whereby he, Nakhada Mo- m'N>
hammed and Shermall Shah Bandar bound them¬
felves under a Forfeiture of Ships and Goods,
Tit Englifli
fent m board.
Anfwer . Sir Henry s R eply . A Compromife fet the Boy fhould be delivered in twelve Days,
en Foot ; and concluded. Money paid. The Ships provided he would releafe the Ships. Hereupon
ieave Mokha. Sail for , Kameran to intercept he gave them Leave to unlade the Ship of Diuy
the Suez Ship. She ftps by in the Night. and vjflt the other Ships at their Pleafure. This
T his landing, he handled the Matter fo. Night Mr. Femel died of a Calentura, or rather
that a little before Night he returned with of Poifon given him by the Turks , according to
Femel , and nine others a. Femel , Williams , the Opinion of the Surgeons,
and Cunningham were cloathed with paltry Vefts. The firft of 'June , three Boats Lading of Cot-
Another was fent to Sir Henry, which they faid ton was difcharged out of the Ship. ThisEven-
came from the Bajhd. The Nakhada would have f ing a ftrong Flurry of Wind from Shore broke
put it on his Back, defiring he would wear it as their Land-Cable. The Wind was fo hot, they
a Favour from that Commander : But the General could hardly endure it b : Sir Henry was forced to
refufed it, telling him, that he fcorned to wear fly to his Cabin, unable for the Heat to flay a?-
* Their Names were, John Williams,. Chrifopher Cunningham, Walter Woodward, John Clark,. Henry Baulr
din , Edmund Glover, Eobie Birch , Alexander James , and Merciline Longfeld. b Thefe hot . Winds are
frequent in thofe Parts, and do great Mifchief on Land, as may be judged from their Effects on Sea. They are
faid to be impregnated with bleaks of Fire.
loft...
Voyages of the English
He wrote a Letter to the Bajhd in Italian ,
I l6ri. toft-
[Sir Henry demanding Reftitution of his Goods, and Satis-
Midiiieton. fatftion for Damages. He was anfwered after¬
wards as to his Demand ; but the Letter was not
underftood, for Want of an Interpreter. He
again embargoed the Ship of Din, and would not
fuffcr them to unlade any more Goods out of her,
till the Bajloa had fatisfied him to the Value of
feventy thoufand Ryals of Eight. He confidered,
that this was the fureft Way to obtain fomewhat
towards their Lofs ; and not folely to rely upon
taking the Ship of Suez , which the ‘Turks might
eafily prevent, by giving Advice by Land.
\l,jfage fnm The fecond. All a Hajkins, Sir Henry* s In-
terpre ter at Zenan , came aboard with Compli¬
ments from the Bajhd : Adding, that his Excel¬
lency was forry the General went away after fuch
a Manner ; for that he intended to have difmiffed
him in a Way much to his Satisfa&ion, and had
prepared a rich Veft and a Horfe to be fent him.
All brought Commendations likewife from the
Kiahya , who, he faid, intreated the General, that
he would not take any violent Courfe there, but
feek for Juftice at Stambola : For that in cafe he
did any thing that was difpleafing to the Bajhd ,
it would coft him (the Kiahya ) his Head, who
had been the chief Inftrument in perfuading him
to fend the Englijh back to Mokha. He faid far¬
ther, that he had brought the Englijh Youth with
him from Tayes , by Order from the Bajha , who,
the next Day, Ihould be fent aboard ; condi-
to the Ea st Indies.
Diu Ship ; and burn all the Veffels then in the
379
161 1.
Sir Henry
Middleton.
ir Henry’i
i mats ar.d
h minis.
tionally, that Sir Henry would permit the Ship of or his any W rong,
Diu and the reft to unload their Goods. He ~
anfwered, that he would by no Means releafe the
Ships, till he had Reftitution of his Goods, or
Satisfa&ion to the Value above-mentioned.
The third, the Aga defired aTruce for twelve
Days, in order to acquaint the Bajha with the
General’s Demands. Next Day, All Haskins ,
Tokorji a Bannian , and others, came aboard, in¬
treating him to draw out the Particulars of his
Lofles, that they might confider thereof afhore.
He fatisfied their Defire, and fet down his Lofs
and Hinderances, amounting in the whole to fe¬
venty thoufand Ryals of Eight. He likewife fent
to tell the Aga , that whereas, after having been
invited by him on Land, with Promife of kind
Entertainment, and free Trade, he, like a trea¬
cherous Dog, (without any Caufe or Offence
given) had cruelly (lain feveral of his People,
Road, refolving not to depart from thence, till
he was fufficiently revenged. He added, that he
could do all this without Breach of Promife, fince
the Time of Truce was expired, and they had
not performed Covenants with him.
The fixth, the Aga fent Sir Henry a peremp- The Aga’*
tory Anfwer, demanding who gave him Leave to (ert Arf-wer,
come into thofe Seas ? Saying, that fince he came
without Leave, he was juftly dealt with : That
b as touching the Goods, and all other Matters com¬
plained of, he had done nothing but by Order from
the Bajha ; and that the Bajha himfelf told him
fo much : That if he was not pleafed with what
was paft, the beft Way was to refer it to the
Hearing of their Betters at Stambol : That if he
{hot at the Town, he would {hoot again at his
Ships ; and that for the Veffels and Goods in the
Road, they were none of his ; but that if he hurt
either the Town or Ships, it would not be plea-
c ftng to the Soltan, who would be fure to be re-
compenfed for any Damage he Ihould do them.
To this Sir Henry anfwered, that to come in- *'r Henry ’j
to that Sea, he needed no other Leave but God’s
and his King’s ; but that, as to his landing there,
the Aga had not only given him Leave, but much
intreated him : That with regard to his Goods,
he knew of nothing he owed the Bajha , neither
was he his Fa&or, or had ever received any thing
of his, or the leaft Courtefy from him : That he
d was no way his Debtor, nor had ever done him
which might give him a
Pretence to feize his Goods by Way of Repa¬
ration : That therefore he was refolved he would
be paid for them, and righted there where he had
been wronged, and not at Stambol: That, how¬
ever, he was convinced, neither the Bajhd nor
the Aga durft {hew their Faces at Stambol to an¬
fwer for fuch Ihameful Injuftice as they falfly pre¬
tended the Soltan had commanded them to com¬
mit; and that, therefore, if they found them-
felves aggrieved, they might go to the Court of
England to feek Redrefs.
The eighth, the General fent Mr. Pemberton
to AJfab to buy fre{h Vi&uals, a great many of
the Men being fick on board the Ships. He was
afraid to receive his Provifion from Mokba , hav¬
ing been cautioned by Friends to beware of Poifon.
The nineteenth, Shermal Shah Bandar, Ally
Tokorft, and many others of the chief BanniansJ r0TJ *
villalnoufly imprifoned him and others, and robbed f came aboard to agree with Sir Henry, and brought
and fpoiled all he could feize upon, to the Value
of feventy thoufand Peffos, befides putting him
to great Charges and Lofs of Time : If therefore
he did not prefently make him Reftitution or Sa¬
tisfaction for the fame, he would batter the Town
•about his Ears, take all the Goods out of the
with them Mr. Pemberton's Youth decently
cloatbed after the Chrijlian Fafhion, which the
Shah Bandar beftowed upon him. After feme
kind Salutations on both Sides, the Shah Bandar
began to tell Sir Henry , that he had always loved
and favoured his People, and was ready
to do
8 In Purcbas, Ally.
C c c
himfelf
380
1 6 1 1 .
Sir Henry
Middleton.
o'vx;
jfnd agreed
to.
lThe Money
fetid.
Voyages of the Engl
himfelf what Kindncfs he was able ; and that
for the Injuries done him by the Turks , he was
as much grieved as if they had been done to his
own People : That for this his Love and Com¬
panion on his Miferies, he was like to pay very
dear, unlefs he would now Ihew fome Compaflion
to him ; for that the Bajha had enjoined him to
give the General Satisfaction, and had fent Or¬
der, that in cafe he did not, his Throat Ihould
be cut, and his Goods confifcated : This he pro-
tefted was not feigned, but the very Truth. Sir
Henry anfwered, that they were the Turks , who
had robbed and done him fo many Injuries ; and
that from them would he look for Satisfaction,
and none elfe. The Shah Bandar defired him to
wave thofe Matters, and let him know his De¬
mands : The General told him, he could not be
at a Lofs for that, fince he had fent them alhore,
written in Arabic. He anfwered, that if that
Writing was the Meafure of his Demands, it
would be loft Labour to talk any farther about
them.
They fpent moft Part of the Day in fixing
the Prices of the Commodities that were loft ;
and at length, with much ado, came to Agree¬
ment, that all the Lead and Iron Ihould be re-
ftored, and eighteen thoufand Ryals of Eight
paid in Money, within fifteen Days, in full Sa¬
tisfaction of all Loffes and Demands fuftained.
Hereupon a Peace was concluded between the
Englijh and them for two Years, from the
Port of Mokha to Kananor , on the Coaft of
India ; conditionally, that the Bajha gave Sir
Henry a Writing under his own Hand and Seal
for Confirmation of the fame. At this Time a
moft grievous Sicknefs prevailed in the Ships, few
or none efcaping : It began with a great Pain in
the Head and Stomach, depriving them of Sleep :
The beft Remedy for it was vomiting and bleed¬
ing ; but fome, who had a Fever along with it,
were long before they recovered ; the reft quick¬
ly recovered, and few died thereof.
The fecond of July , Sir Henry received the
laft Payment from the Shah Bandar , and cleared
all Reckonings with him ; as well for Money bor¬
rowed whilft he was Prifoner, as for Money dif-
burfed afterwards by him. He demanded the
one thoufand Venetianos promifed the Bajha* s
Kiahya: But Sir Henry would by no Means pay
it, although he urged him much with his Pro-
mife ; and faid he Ihould be forced otherwife to
pay it himfelf, for that he had palled his Word
for the fame. The General told him, th t Kiahya
had not performed his Promife made him, to fet
him and his People at Liberty : How the Kiahya
S H to the E A S T I N D I E S.
and he will agree (fays Sir Henry ) I know not, i6li,
but I doubt he will be forced to pay it a. To- Sir Hemy
wards Night, the Shah Bandar and the reft hav- Mlddleton
ing taken their Leave, the General caufed three
Pieces of Ordnance to be difcharged for his Fare-
wel.
The third, Tokorft'0 and Ali came again, and TbcSbip,
bought fome Vermillion, for which the General L*™ Mok-
gave them Credit. They promifed to come toha*
the other Side of the Sea within fourteen Days,
and pay the Money ; alfo to bring fome Provi-
fion of Grain, which Sir Henry had given them
an Order to buy at Mokha, befides a Writing
from the Bajha , to ratify the Peace. In the Af¬
ternoon, the Ships warped out of the Road, and
that Night fet fail toward Ajfab , but could not
get thither till the fifth in the Morning. The
iixth. Sir Henry landing, caufed all the Wells to
be emptied and cleanfed ; for he had been often
told at Mokha , that the Turks pradifed with the
People of Ajfab to poifon the Wells. They were
employed till the thirteenth in watering and buy¬
ing Provifion ; nothing happening in the mean
time worth Notice.
This Day the King of the Country, hearing
of Sir Henry’s Efcape from Mokha , and Arrival
in his Country, fent three of his chief Servants,
attended by thirty Soldiers, with a Letter and
Prefent of Refrelhments to him. The Purport of
his Letter was, to congratulate the General on
the Efcape from his Enemies, and welcome him
into his Dominions ; offering to fupply him with
whatever his Country afforded. Sir Henry having
feafted and rewarded the Meffengers, fent the
King a Prefept, confifting of a Veil of broad
Cloth, and a fair Looking-Giafs.
The feventeenth, there came a Telba from
Mokhay wherein was Tokorft the Shah Bandar’s
Man, and another Bannian : Who brought the
Provifions Sir Henry had befpoken, and the Mo¬
ney due to him ; but no Writing from the Bafloa :
His Excufe was, that the Bajha was fo bufy in
the Wars, that he had not Time to write ; whence
it was manifeft, that he intended to keep no Mea-
fures with our Nation.
The twenty-fourth, the Fleet fet fail out of sail Jr K
Ajfab Road, to put in Pra&ice what Sir Hen- maran.
ry had long before determined : Which was to
ply to Windward as high as [the Ifland of] Ka -
maran ; and there wait for a great Ship, that
■ cometh every Year, about this Time, from Suez>
richly laden, to Mokha. By this Means he pro-
pofed to be fufficiently revenged on the Turks for
all his Loffes and Difgraces. He was the more
defirous to meet with her, beeaufe he underftood.
a This was very hard, after all, upon the poor Shah Bandar. b In Purchas, Tacaroy. This Diver¬
sity, in all Likelihood, is owing to Want of Care in Copying. However that be, there is no judging which
Spelling is the right. Dounton whofe Relation follows,; calls him Taccacee..
that
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
;i 6 i i .
iiidrileton.
rave the
' eight t.
t writ Fee
that the Traitor Jaffiar a Bajha , and his Difciple a
Rejib Aga^ had confiderable Ventures in her.
From hence, to the laft of this Month, they plied
to Windward ; and the Wind being contrary,
they failed by Day, and commonly lay at Anchor
all Night. In this Cruize, they ran many Dan¬
gers for Want of a Pilot; and often narrowly
efcaped running aground, which would have
rifqued the Lofs of all: Yet, for all their Fatigue
and Hazards, the Ship efcaped them in the Night;
as they found on their Return. b
SECT. VII.
They leave the Streights. Mount Foelix. Delifha.
Fleet takes in iVater. They buy Aloes. Come to Su¬
rat Road. Portugueze Admiral's Letter. Sir
Henry’ s Anfwer. Navs from Surat. Mejfage
from the Governor. Letters from Surat. They flop
the Indian Ships. Are attacked by the Portu¬
gueze. The Vic e- Roy s Son and Fleet. No Hopes
of Trade. Portugueze fecond Attack. c
TH E ninth of Augujl , in the Morning, they
fet Sail ; and, about eight in the Evening,
anchored three Leagues fhort of the Bab al Man-
del b. The tenth, the Darling and Releafe , went
out by the Weftern Channel, which they found
to be three Leagues over, irom the Coaft of Ha -
bajheh c, to the Ifland of Bab al Mandel. One
third of the Way from the Ifland, they had no
Ground at forty Fathoms, the Channel being
clear without Dangers, and not full of Shoals j
and Rocks, which rendered it unnavigable ; as all
the Turks and Indians reported, in order to make
them believe there was no other Paffage, but
through the Eaftern Channel ; which might be
fo fortified, that no Shipping could pafs without
being in Danger of their Ordnance : For the
Diftance between the Arabian Shore, and the Ifle,
is not above a Mile and half ; and on the Land
Side, there lie Shoals reaching a good way off.
The Increafe , and Pepper-Corn , failed through e
the Narrow Channel. About four, Afternoon,
they all met without the Streights, in nineteen
Fathoms, being about four Miles from the Ara-
bian Shore. All this Night they failed along the
Land. From the twelfth, till the twenty-feventh,
they had much Wind, often contrary* and fome-
times Calms, with a Current, fetting South-Weft
about four Miles an Hour: So that during this
Time, what they got, when they had a favourable
Gale, they loft, and more, when it fell calm, being f
carried back by the Current.
The twenty-feventh, they had a Gale of
Wind to carry them off. At fix, this Evening,
they had Sight of Mount Feeiixy a Head- land, to
38‘
1 6 1 1.
Sir Henry
the Weft ward of Cape Guardafui , bearing South
half Weft. About ten at Night, it fell calm, with
a great Sea, out of the South- Eaft. At Midnight, uon\
a Gale fprung up at South South-Eaft and South,
finding ftill, as they failed, this great Sea ; which
was a manifeft Sign, they had brought themfelves
open of Cape Guardafui : For fo long as the Land
was in the Wind of them, they felt none of this
Sea.
The thirteenth, they plied into the Road of DeliflwRa*#;
Delijha d ; and about Noon, came to Anchor.
They found riding there a great Ship of Diu, and
two lmall Veffels, one of Naggina , the other the .
King’s, both Ships of India , bound for the Red-
Sea, and taken fhort by the Monfon. The Cap¬
tain of the Diu Ship came aboard him, with fe-
veral others; by whom he was informed, that
the Englijh at Surat were very well ufed, and
daily expected Shipping from England ; that Cap¬
tain Hawkins was at the King’s Court, where he
was made a great Lord, and had a large yearly
Maintenance allowed him ; likewife, that the
King had given Captain Sharpey Money to build
a Ship, which then was almoft ready at Surat to
be launched. This, and many other Things, he
told the General, which he thought was too
good News to be true.
The Monfon being far fpent, Sir Henry defired Fleet takes
the Nakhdda of Diu to help him with his Boats, « Waun-
and People, to ballaft and water: Which he, with
the others, moft readily granted ; proffering him
all the Water in their Ships: So willing they were
to have him gone. Sir Henry accepted of his
Offer, and had all the Water out of his Ship;
and employed his People alfo to fetch fome from
Shore.
The General often fpoke to the King to fell Suy
him his Aloes: But for a long Time could bring
him to no reafonable Terms. At length, with
much ado, he bargained with him for all, paying,
dearer for it than Captain Keeling did for his.
The Indians were alfo treating for it, which
made him raife his Price. The General left Let¬
ters with the King, which he promifed to deli¬
ver to the firft Englif) who fhould arrive there.
The third of September , the General having
finifhed his Bufinefs, the Ships plied out of the
Road ; having, with much ado,, gotten a Ample
Fellow out of the Diu Ship, who took upon him
to be a good Coafter, to pilot him to India.
The twenty-fixth, between nine and ten Com to Se-
o’ Clock, with a fair Gale, they entered the Road »-<t RoaJ.
of Surat: They anchored by three Indian Ships
in feven Fathom. A Mile from them rode feven
Sail of Portugueze Frigats, or Men of War; and
a In Purchas, Jejfor. b In Parches, Bab-Mandell. c Habtjbe, in Furchas. In the Arabian Author?,
this Country is named both Habefo, and Habajheh. d The true Name of this Plate, we take to be Dclli
lb ah ; probably founded by fome King of Dclli , or Officer of hh, in his \ oyage to Mikka,
•r thirteen-’
1 6 1 1.
Sir Henry
Middleton.
P rtusuere
Admiral i
Letter.
Sir Henry’
A'lfwor.
News from
SarSc.
Voyages of the Engli
thirteen more were within the River of Surat, a
Long before Sir Henry's Arrival, the Portugueze
had Intelligence, that they were in the Red-Sea ,
and bound for this Place ; fo that their Frigats
were purpofely fent to hinder them from trading
at Surat , or anywhere el fe upon thatCoaft. The
Commander in Chief of this Fleet, was, Don
Francifco de Soto Major , i n ti tied , Captain Major
of the North. He reaped great Benefit by grant¬
ing Cartas' r, or Pajfports , to all Ships and Fri¬
gats, which traded in thofe Parts : Such as were 1
taken trafficking without one, being confifcated.
This Night, the General difeharged his Pilots ;
fending Letters by them to fuch of the Englijh as
they fhould find at Surat : For he could not learn
either the Names or Number of thofe who were
there.
Ti-ie twenty-ninth, there came a fmaH Frigat
from the Admiral of the Armada, (as they term¬
ed it) wherein was one Portuguese , and his Boy ;
who brought an Anfwer from the Captain Ma¬
jor, to the General’s Letter, fent the Day before :
The Purport of which, after fome Compliments,
was, that he was glad the General belonged to a
King who was a Friend; and that he, and his,
would be ready to ferve him to the beft of his
Power, provided he Brought a Letter, or Order,
either from the King of Spain, or the Vice-Roy,
for trading in thefe Parts ; that otherwife, he was
obliged to guard the Port he had in Charge,
where the King his Mafter kept a Fadtory. <
i Sir Henry returned Anfwer, by Word of
Mouth, that he had a Letter neither from
the King of Spain , nor Vice-Roy, nor had any
Need thereof ; for that he was fent by the King
of England , with Letters, and rich Prefents to
the Great Mogul, in order to eftablifh the Trade
begun in thofe Parts : That he came not to hurt
the Portugueze Factory there, and faw no Reafon
why the Portugueze fhould go about to obftrudt
the Englijh Factory or Trade ; fince India was a
Country free for all Nations, and neither the
Great Mogul, nor his People, in any Vafl’allage
to them. The General, therefore, bid the Mef-
fenger to tell his Captain, that hedefired the Eng¬
lijh , who were at Surat , might be fuffered in a
friendly Manner to come aboard his Ship, and
confer with him about their Affairs ; and that he
would not urge him to ufe Force, for that by one
Means or other, he would fee them. He bellow¬
ed a Veil of Broad-cloth upon the Meflenger,
who promifed to return the next Day.
Seeing it not poffible, without a Pilot, to
crofs the Bar, (where the General went to dif-
cover in the Darling) he returned in the Evening,
and anchored in the Road. Going aboard the
Increafe , he found Letters from Nicholas Bangham
s h to the East Indies.
at Surat, (formerly a Joiner in the Heitor) who i$n
informed him, that the Englijh had no Fa&ory sir Hem
there; and that he was fent thither from Agra by Middleton
Captain Hawkins , to recover fome Debts ; like-'''-
wife, that he had Letters from the Captain, but
durft not fend them aboard, left they fhould be
intercepted by the Portugueze. He made no Men¬
tion what was become of the Fadlors and Goods.
Sir Henry wrote to him, to fend him thofe Let¬
ters, and farther Particulars concerning their Bu-
finefs.
1 HE third of Oftober, Khojah Najfan a, Gover- Mtffagef
nor of Surat , and the Governor’s Brother Govern
Kambaya , fent a Mogul to the General, with a
Prefent of Refrefhments, offering to do him all the
Kindnefs they could : Adding, that, for their Part,
they defined to trade with the Englijh , but could fee
no Poffibility of doing it, fo long as the Portu¬
gueze Armada rode fo nigh their Fleet ; that this
Nation hindered them from adting there as they
were inclined ; and therefore they advifed him to
go for Gago, which w’as a better Place ; that it
was nearer Kambaya , where there were more Mer¬
chants, better Goods, and greater Quantities of
them, than at Surat ; and that the Armada could
not hinder their landing there.
The Meflenger, having delivered his Errand,
was defirous to know, whether Sir Henry would
flay here, or go thither ? He replied, that, as yet,
he had received no Anfwer from the Shore, ex¬
cepting a Letter of fmall Import ; and that, till he
knew what was become of his Countrymen, and
Goods, formerly left in the Country, he could not
refolve him: But that, if he would help him to
Pilots, to condudt the Ships thither, and contrive
that one of the Englijh from Surat might come
on board, he would prefently give them an An¬
fwer. He difmifTed the Meflenger, and his In¬
terpreter, with a fmall Reward.
The fifth, the Interpreter, (who was a Bra- Letten fe
miney b, or Prieft of the Bannians ) came in a Boat S"*1*
with a Letter from Nicholas Bangham , and Cap¬
tain Hawkins's Letter from Agra , dated in April
before, relating the Manner of his being taken
into, and put out of. Favour, by the Great Mo¬
gul ; that Monarch’s Ficklenefs in granting them
Trade, and afterwards denying it them, in Fa¬
vour of the Portugueze. The fame Meflenger
brought two Letters alfo, of a later Date, writ¬
ten from Labor , by IVilliam Finch , one to the
Commanders of any Englijh Shipping arriving at
Surat ; the other, to the Company in England:
Which gave an Account of his Proceedings, and
returning home over Land ; the Inconftancy of
the King, and People of the Country ; with the
Practices of the Portugueze , and many other Cir-
cumftances ; advifing fuch Commanders not to
1 In Purchas , Hot a Najfan. Hojah, is the Turkijh Pronunciation, they not ufing the Guttural,
others, called Bramins , Bramens , Beamans , &c.
l •
» By
land
i6n.
Sir Hesry
Middleton.
pP
'ley jhf In-
iaa Shift,
i'taded ly
X Portu-
jeze.
ict-Riy't
”, and
■at,
Voyages of the Eng
land any Goods, nor hope for Trade in thofe
Parts: For that the People were all fickle and in-
conftant, like the King; and durft not offend the
Portuguese.
Sir Henry having perufed thefe Letters, de-
fpaired of any Trade in that Place; yet he re-
folved to try to the uttermoft, what might be
done before he left it. He underftood by Bang-
ham’s Letters, that Captain Sharpey , John Jor-
dayne , and others, were coming from Kambaya to
Surat , in order to go along with him ; and there¬
fore determined to get them at leaft aboard. The
Indian Ships which rode by him, had given over
their Voyage to the Southward, becaufe the pro¬
per Monfon was paft. The Braminey defired
Leave to carry their Ships into the River : Which
the General would in no wife grant ; defiring
him to tell the Governor,, and the reft of the
Owners, that their Ships fhould not depart, till
he had all the Englijhmen at Kambaya and Surat ,
on board. Had he fuffered them to fail away, he
fhould have difabled himfelf from either fending
to, or hearing from, the Englijh afhore ; the
Portuguese intercepting both Letters and Men, as
much as they could.
The twenty-fecond, the Portuguese had laid
an Ambufh to cut off fome of the Englijh fent on
Shore ; and, when they faw their Time, iffued out,
running in Crouds, without any Order, towards
them. They were about three hundred in all,
whodifcharged their Shot: The Fire was returned
both by the Englijh on Shore, and thofe in the
Frigat, which riding dole to the Land, they
retired on board without Lofs; and the Enemy,
after receiving fome Hurt, retreated behind the
Hills out of Danger, and fo to their Ships. At
the fame Time they attacked the Englijlo on
Land ; five of their greateft Frigats, which rode
a little Way off to the Northward, came run¬
ning, and (hot at them ; but were out of Reach.
Th z Englijh went in their Frigat and Boats aboard
their Ships to Dinner ; and the Portuguese Frigats
rowed to Anchor, where they were before. The
General having advifed with Captain Dounton, Mr.
Jordayne , and others, what Courfe was beft to take ;
it was thought fit, not to abide any longer there,
but to return to the Road of Surat , where the
Trade’s- Increafe ftaid, and there to think of proper
Meafures.
The eighth of November , Nicholas Bangham
came from Surat, and brought with him fome
Refrefhments. The Report of the Coming of
Mokrib Khan 3, continued. The Vice-Roy’s Son
came into the River, with an hundred Sail of
Frigats, the greater Part of them being Mer¬
chants bound for Kambaya. At Night, the Ge-
ish ^ East Indies, 383
neral caufed the Ships, which rode within, to come 1 6 1 1 •
off and anchor by him ; left the Enemy, whofe Sir Hemy
Strength he knew not, fhould make fome At- ,Ml^eton^
tempt againft them. -v— -=•
The ninth, the Ships riding without the SandJ
Khojah NaJJ'an came down to the Sea Side. The
General went to him with his Frigat and Boats ;
and he promifed, within two or three Days at
the fartheft, to bring Goods to trade with him,
and order the Country People to bring in frefh
Provifions, which they wanted.
The eighteenth, the General received a Let- No Hofei tf -
ter from Bangham , intimating, that there was 7™*"
little or no Trade to be expedfred : This, added to
Khojah NaJJan’s Breach of Word, made him con¬
clude all their former Promi&s to be nothing,
but Inventions to delude and weary him, not
daring to allow him the Liberty of Trade, for
Fear of offending the Portuguese ; and at the
fame Time loth to difoblige him by an abfolute
Denial.
These Things confidered, Sir Henry deter¬
mined to be gone ; and therefore had often writ¬
ten to Bangham to come away ; but Khojah Naf-
fan would not permit him. He finding he could
not get Leave to come, ftole fecretly out of Town.
Soon after, Najfan miffing him, and judging, that
as foon as he got to the Ships, Sir Henry de-
fpairing of Trade,, would immediately leave the
Coaft, fent Jaddaw, the Broker, after him, with
a Letter from himfelf, and another from Mokrib
Khan ; whereby both promifed fpeedily to come to
fee the General, who could fcarcely depend on
them, yet. refolved to wait a -few Days more, to
fee the Event. '
The Portuguese^ who lay within the River, not Portugueie
daring to attack the Englijh by Sea, thought to"fW^"‘Jf''
entrap them by Land. With this -View, a great
Number of them concealed themfelves* behind a
Row of Sand-Hills, not far from the Landing-
place : But the Englijh , without Hurt, recovered
the Boat. Mean Time, they in the Ships let
fly apace at them, both with great and fmall Shot.
The Portuguese , not thinking to find them fo
well prepared, prefently betook them to their
Heels, and fled behind the Hills again; leaving
one of their Companions on the Strand, mortally
wounded in the Head, who was brought aboard,
SECT. VIII.
Mokrib Khan, Governor of Kambaya, comes down.
Goes and lies on Shipboard. Takes every Thing
he likes. Returns without Dealing. Conies a-
gain and trades. Is difgraced at Court. The
new Governor comes down. Naflan’r unfair
1 In Purchas, Mockrib Can. The true Reading, perhaps, fhould be Moghreb Khan,
from the Weflern Parts, probably of Africa.
denoting his coming
Dealing y
384 Totag’es of the English to the East Indies.
161 r. Dealing. He is feized by Sir Henry. Portu-
$<r Henry gueze Brags . The Traffic finijhed. Captain
Hawkins and Sharpey cotne on board. Mokrib
Khanh Inconjlancy.
Mi dleton,
v'-y-'O
heard.
m< kri'i TTT H E twenty-fourth, being Sunday , Jaddaw
Khai«w« j[ the Broker, came aboard, and brought Sir
nW, Henry Word, that Mokrib Khan was on the Road.
Quickly after Dinner, going to the Shore Side
with his Frigat, he found Khojah Najfan there}
who alfo fent to let him know, that Mokrib Khan
would be there prefently. The General returned
aboard } and having picked out a good Prefent,
went direcftly to land again, well accompanied ;
where he found Mokrib Khan , Khojah Najfan ,
with great Troops of Men, waiting his Com¬
ing. At their Meeting, they embraced each
other : The Englijh Ships, at the fame Time,
difcharging fo me Ordnance to bid him welcome;
which he feemed to take kindly. The General
having delivered his Prefent, they fat dow'n upon
Carpets, fpread on the Ground, where they talk¬
ed together. It being near Sun-fet, Sir Henry
intreated him to take his Lodging aboard his Ship,
Goa and lia for that Night : Which he readily complied with ;
Sb<p. carrying with him his own Son, Khojah Najfan’s
Son, and feveral others of his chief Followers :
But Najfan would not go. Sir Henry was well
pleafed to fee him put fo much Confidence in
them, and began to conceive better Hopes than
before ; all this Part of the Country having been
under his Command. The General made the beft
Entertainment for him that he could, upon fuch
Ihort Warning ; which he, and thofe with him,
fell-to very heartily. After they had done eating,
the General delivered the King’s Letter, directed
to him } and told him the Contents thereof. He
feemed very much pleafed, that his Majefty (hould
vouchfafe to write to him ; and promifed to do
the Englijh all the Service he could, not only as
to their prefent Trade, but alfo to allow them
any Place or Harbour, the General fhould name ;
where, if they pleafed, they might build a Fort.
In Ihort, he was as ready to grant any Thing as
the General was to afk ; who, finding it grew
late, left him to take his Reft.
Takes every The twenty-fifth, in the Morning, Mokrib
Thwg h$ Khan bufied himfelf in buying of Knives, Glafs,
hkttm or any other Toys he found among the Company.
The General went and Ihewed him the Ship aloft
and below: Any Thing he liked belonging there¬
to, he took away gratis : Befides, Sir Henry
bought from the Men, many Toys, which he
fancied, and gave to him, endeavouring to pleafe
him in every Thing. After, returning to the
Cab bin, he would needs fee all the General’s
a Chefts, and Trunks, opened, and fearched } Sir
Henry giving him whatfoever he faw there of his, Sir He-,
that he took a liking to. By this Time, Victuals
being ready, he went to Dinner: After which, k/’Y"?
he was defirous to fee the other Ships ; where he
behaved in the fame Manner.
The thirtieth, and thirty-firft, he fent Mcftieurs Returri
Fowler , Jordayne , and other Merchants, to fee without
the Goods ; who returned, and brought Muftrels Dta!ing
[or Samples] with the Prices. The Englijh fet
b down what they would give for each Sort, defi¬
ring them to do the like by theirs ; but they put
the General off with Delays, from Day to Day,
without concluding anv thing: They would nei¬
ther offer for the Englijh Commodities, nor abate
in the Prices of theirs. And whereas he had fold
Mokrib Khan all the Sword-blades the cheaper,
becaufe he fhould take them one with the other,
they had chofen out the beft, and returned the
worft back, which made the larger half, without ’
c fetting any Time when they fhould be paid for:
This done, they removed their Goods, to be
gone for Surat: And thereupon, caufed Procla¬
mation to be made, under great Penalties, that no
Victuals, or any other Thing, fhould be brought
the General a, whofe Courtefy they thus abufed.
The eighth of December , 1611, in the Morn- Comet 1
ing, Mokrib Khan came down again, with all and tTa«
his Crew, and about forty Packs of Goods. The
General, landing with a good Guard of Shot and
d Halberds, went to him in his Tent : Where,
after friendly Salutations and Compliments, they
fell to treat of Bufinefs ; and agreed upon the
Price for all the Lead, Quickfilver, and Vermil¬
lion, as well as for their Goods to be taken in
Exchange. Thefe Goods did not all belong to
thofe two great Men ; the Shah Bandar , and di¬
vers other Merchants, having had Shares: Yet,
for the moft Part, the Bufinefs was managed fole-
ly by Khojah Najfan , no Man daring either to buy
e or fell, without his Leave and Intervention ; by
which Means he railed the Prices of their Goods,
and lowered thofe of the Englijh Commodities,
greatly to their Prejudice and Lofs.
The ninth, in the Morning, the Englijh be- h difgre
gan to land their Lead, and receive fome of thcatC'urt‘
Goods, as well as to fettle the Price for the reft;
When a Letter came to Mokrib Khan from his
King, which dafhed all his Mirth, and their Pro¬
ceedings for that Time. He was exceeding plea-
f fant before he perufed it ; but afterwards became
extremely fad : He fat a good while mufing, and
then fuddenly rifing up, went his way, without
once looking towards, or fpeaking to. Sir Henry ,
who was feated hard by him. Before he took Horfe,
he better bethought himfelfj and fending for the
a It is likely. Sir Henry miftook the ufual Proclamation, ordering great Mens Attendants to make ready to de¬
part by fuch a Time, for fuch a Prohibition.
3 General,
Voyages of the English to the East Indies,
r£rf General embraced him: Saying, he was his a in this Country (and, by Report, in moft Parts
f t i _ r. - i • r. fUnf oriTr T^arnrain IVTprcnfints
ViieDtj Brother, and defired him to excufe this his hidden
liddleton. Departure ; for that earned Bufinefs called him
pv— ' away : Adding, that he would leave Khojab Najfan
to receive and deliver thofe Goods already bar¬
gained for, and to bargain for more. Shortly
after, the Englijh heard, that he was turned out
of his Government of Kambaya ; Khojab Najfan
having loft that of Surat a little before: Which
ill News they concluded, came in the King’s
Letter, and was the Caufe of his Difcontent. 1
Mokrib Khan , who was lately Governor of that
Maritime Province, had after that nothing left
him in the Country, but the Place of Cuftomer
at Surat. a
jtwGever- The tenth, the new Governor of Surat , and
■r cmei Hajfan Ali a, came aboard the Pepper-Corn , to
fee the Ships. After they had been there awhile,
they went to the Trade t-Increafe. The Fa&ors
being aftiore to fee the Lead weighed, which was
near all landed, and the reft in the Boat, ready
to be fent aftiore, they intreated Khojab Najfan
to fet about it, as requiring much Time. They
would have weighed with Englijh Weights;
but he -infilled on ufing thofe of Surdt , having
-brought the Weigher of that Place for the Pur-
pofe. Seeing no other Remedy, they at length
yielded, and began to weigh with the Country
Beam. After fome few Drafts, the Englijh de¬
fired they might examine the Beam before they
nun.
3^5
1611.
of India) that any Bargain ‘between Merchants Sir Hem*
might be revoked, fo it was done 'within the ,^^ etor> ,
Compafs of twenty-four Hours : Nay, although
Earned be given, and the Goods carried away ;
yet they may be returned, and the Earned had
back again. Therefore to prevent any fuch Tricks
being put upon him, he had fenc John Fowler
and others, to Khojab Najfan , to know . whether
he would Hand to his Bargain ; intimating, that
he defired to be upon a Certainty before he land¬
ed any Lead, becaufe of the Trouble that would
attend it. Najfan , in Prefence of many Witnef-
fes, promifed them to take it all, and be as good
as his Word; requiring them to land it as foon
as pofiible.
Hereupon Sir Henry confulting with thofe He hjtiztJ
about him, it was thought the fureft Way to keep b Slr
thofe who were aboard for Pledges, till Najfan ryv
had performed his Agreement ; and if they could
: get hold of him, to let the others go. Wherefore
Sir Henry going to the Governor and Shab Ban¬
dar, told them how Khojab Najfan had dealt
with him, intending to delude him as formerly ;
and that therefore he was under a Neceflity to
detain them till the other did him Juftice. The
Governor advifed Sir Henry to go aftiore, and
fetch the Man himfelf ; which he accordingly
did : After which he gave the Governor a hand-
fome Prefent, and let him depart, keeping Khojab
proceeded any farther, to know whether the d Najfan, and the Shah Bandar , for Pledges aboard
Weigher told them the true Quantities : For he th e_Pepper-Com.
being acquainted with it, and they not, might
name every Time what Quantity he pleafed.
They likewife weighed by their own Beam what
had been weighed by the Surdt Beam, and found
in five Pigs a Difference of ten or eleven Maunds;
each Maund being thirty-three Pound Englijh.
kaffmW KHOJAH NASS AN finding he could have
air Deal ■ the Lead by what Weight he lifted, began to
ci' cavil, faying he would have half Money, half
Goods for his Commodities, otherwife they (hould
not have them. On this Occafion he railed and
raved like a Madman, calling for the Carrmen to
drive away his Merchandize ; and declaring he
would have none of their Lead or other Goods,
but would inftantly be gone. Sir Henry being
aboard the Increafe , with the Governor and Shdh
Bandar , the Fa&ors fent one aboard to give him
Notice of Kbojah Najfan’s Proceedings, and af-
fure him, that unlefs fome fpeedy Courfe was
taken to prevent it, he would go from his Bar¬
gain, and return all their Goods upon their
Hands.
Sir HENRT knew by the little Experience
he had of the Man, that he was likely enough
to do fo. He knew alfo that they have a Cuftom
The nineteenth, Khojab Hajfan Ali, the Shdh
Bandar, coming from Surdt b, (hewed Sir Henry r g'
a Couple of Letters, which were fent from the
Vice-Roy of Goa ; one of them directed to him¬
felf, and the other to the Captain Major of Diu.
The Purport of the Letter to the Captain Major
was, that he had received his Letter, which
gave an Account of the fpecial Service Ik had
done, in obliging the Englijh Captain and his
People to fwim to his Boats for their Lives, and
that otherwife he fhould have (lain or taken them
Prifoners ; for which he highly commended him,
as having done the Part of a valiant Captain and
worthy Soldier : That this Piece of good Service
done to his King and Country, would greatly
redound to his Honour : T hat he gave him as
many Thanks for the fame as if he had taken
the Englijh Captain Prifoner ; and, to gratify
him in fome Meafure, beftowed on him thofe
Frigats, which he had lately taken from the
Malabars. He acquainted him withal, that he
had fent his Son, who was young, into the Ar¬
my ; intreating him to aflift him with his Ad¬
vice, that he might obtain a great Name. Thus
was the Vice-Roy and Sir Henry abufed, by the
* In Purchas , AJfan Ally
Vo I.. I. N° 19.
b But the Line before we find him under an Arrell on board.
L D dd
faKe
386
l6l2.
Sir Henry
Middleton.
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
Stay of the Englijh Ships, he had loft in his Cuf- 1612.
'The Traffic
f.nifhed.
Captain
Hawkins,
and Shar¬
pey, come
aboard.
Mokrib
Khan’j In ■
corjiancy.
falfe Reports of a lying Braggard. The Letter a
to the Shah Bandar was to thank him for not
permitting the Englijh Nation to trade at Surat ;
defiring him to continue in the fame Mind, in
toms above a Million of Manuveys : That there- SrVHenrj
fore he charged them, in the King’s Name, to Middleton
quit the Town immediately; for that neither
which Cafe he ftiould do the King of Portugal Trade nor Fadlory was there to be had for them.
great Service, and not lofe his Reward. This Day
feveral Carts came from Surat , laden with Pro-
vifions for the Ships, brought by Bangbam a.
The twenty-fourth, the Bufinefs was finifh-
ed ; Accounts on both Sides cleared, and the
Pledges releafed. They promifed to deal with
Sir Henry for the reft of the Commodities, and
ftaid till the twenty-fixth ; but did nothing worth
noting. The twenty-feventh, a Jew came a-
board, and brought a Letter from Majfulipatan,
dated the eighth of September , from one Peter
Floris , a Dantifcan b, employed by the Compa¬
ny ; giving an Account of his fetting out in Fe¬
bruary, his fpeedy and fafe Paffage, and Arrival
there the Beginning of September.
The fecond of January , 1611 12, the Ge¬
neral wrote to Captain Hawkins ; and fent Cap¬
tain Sharpey c, Hugh Fraine , and Hugh Greet ,
to perfuade him to take fome better Courfe than
he feemed to have refolved on, when he wrote
his laft Letter, received on the twenty-eighth of
December : Alfo to buy fome Indicos, and other
Commodities, if to be had reafonably.
The twenty-fixth, the Captains Hawkins and
Sharpey came to the Water-fide; having left
their Carriages five Miles behind. The General
landed with two hundred armed Men, in order
to guard them and their Goods from the Portu¬
guese , who he feared would endeavour to inter¬
cept them. He met them about three Miles off,
and brought all fafely aboard the Ships, without
feeing any Enemy.
The twenty-feventh, the General fent John
Williams , and one of the Factors to Surat , upon
Bufinefs. This Day Mokrib Kban came to Town ;
he had been to meet a great Commander, who
was returning from the Wars of Dekan , and de-
figned to pafs by Surat. Before he left the Place,
he fent to defire Mr. Jourdaine to commend him
to Sir Henry ; and acquaint him that he was go¬
ing out of Town, but would not flay above
three Days; and, at his Return, would be as
good as his Word, in what he had promifed con-
'cerning their Fa&ory. Now, at his Return, he
fends for him again, and, contrary to his Expec¬
tation, with a frowning Countenance, demands
what he did there? And why the Englijh were
not all gone ? Jourdaine anfwered, that he flay¬
ed, depending upon his Promife, that they ftiould
have a Fa&ory, and that o.therwife he ftiould not
have been there. The other replied, they fhould
have no Fadfory there ; and that by the long
John Williams returned this Morning, and two
Carts with Provifions came from Surat. The
twenty-ninth, the General fent to haften 'the
Factors away from Surat , as Mokrib Kban had
commanded, intending to ftay no longer on that
Coaft.
SECT. IX.
They leave Surat. Nautical Remarks. Put into
Dabul. Have fome Trade there. Leave In¬
dia. Cape Guardafui. News of Captain Saris.
Refolve for the Red -Sea. Enter the Bab, or
Streights. Several Ships flopped. Saris joins
Sir Henry, and goes a Sharer in the Cruize.
Several Ships more flopped. The Rhemi, be¬
longing to the Great Mogol’j Mother. Lati¬
tudes.
THE ninth of February , in the Morning, They havt
being calm, they warped over the SandSurat<
with the Increafe. Had they not gotten over this
Tide, they had loft the whole Spring. This Road
of Swally ftandeth in the Latitude of twenty De¬
grees, fifty-feven Minutes ; Variation, fixteen
Degrees, thirty Minutes. The eleventh, in the
Morning, they fet Sail for the Road of Surat , and
anchored there in the Afternoon, by a new Ship
of that Place, which was lately launched, and
came out of the River, bound for the Red-Sea.
The Latitude of this Road is twenty Degrees,
forty-two Minutes. The twelfth, they weighed,,
and driving to the Southward, anchored two
Leagues from the Road, near a Ship of Kalekut ,
bound for Surat , out of which the General took
a Pilot for Dabul. The thirteenth, they weigh¬
ed, and drove down. At Noon there fprung 3
Northerly Gale ; at which Time they had fe-
venteen Fathom. They hauled off Weft by
South, into twelve and fourteen Fathom. After
this, they fteered South-Weft by Weft till four
o’Clock ; in which Interval they had from four¬
teen to twenty Fathom : Upon a fudden, they
came to eight Fathom, and then to fix ; being
about ten Leagues from the Ship, which lay in the
Road of Surat. Upon this, they hauled in Eaft
and Eaft by South, three Quarters of a Mile,
and found from fix to twenty again : Then they
fteered South-Weft by South, till one o’Clock
after Midnight, for the moft part againft the
Tide. At that Time the Water Ihoaled, in two
Cafts, from twenty to fifteen Fathom; having
In Purchas, JBaugghanu b Or, Dantzicker. c We knew not that Sharpey was arrived at the Fleet before.
run*
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
1612. run, in nine Hours, about feven Leagues and a
> Henry half.
viiddieton. Then they flood off for three Hours (there
being but little Wind) till they came to twenty
mlrkt. Fathom. Next they fleered South South- Wefl j
at which Time they faw the Land with two Hum¬
mocks, bearing Eaft South-Eaft about eight
Leagues diftant, which they judged to be Damon.
At fix in the Evening they ran-in South South-
Eaft ; the Wind Northerly ; which fuddenly fal¬
ling calm, fo continued till paft Midnight. This
Morning their Latitude was nineteen Degrees,
fifty Minutes (having failed all Night South by
Weft) and their Depth between twelve and four¬
teen Fathom, five Leagues off Shore. In the
Morning they had but little Wind : At Noon
there fprung a Gale at Weft North-Weft, and
they fleered South. In the Evening being four
or five Leagues from the Shore, they had thir¬
teen Fathom. They judged themfelves athwart
of Chaul at Sun-fet j and failed South all Night
with a fair Wind.
d ints Da- The fixteenth, they held their Courfe along
>1* the Coaft South and by Eaft, till fix o’Clock in
the Evening, keeping, for the moft part, in a-
bout ten Fathom ; at which Time they arrived
in the Road of Dabul , which ftandethin the La¬
titude of feventeen Degrees, forty-two Minutes :
Variation fixteen Degrees, thirty Minutes.
Next Day Sir Henry fent the Pilot which he
had out of the Malabar Ship, on Shore, in a
Fifher-boat;with a Letter to the Governor, which
head at Mokha , from Malek Amber a, Captain, or
Nakhada of a great Ship of this Place. The
Letter was to intreat him to ufe the General
kindly, and trade with him. In the Afternoon
he received a fmall Prefent of Refrefhments, both
from the Governor and Malek Amber b, with ma¬
ny Compliments, offering him any thing the
Country afforded ; and promifing to deal with
him, if he pleafed to fend afhore. Whereupon
he fent a Couple of Merchants with a good Pre¬
fent, who were bid welcome, and kindly enter¬
tained while they ftaid there.
L* jme The eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth
there, were fpent about the Sale of fome Goods ; the
Particulars whereof (fays the Author, or perhaps
rather the Colle&or) I refer to the Account of
the Merchants, holding it not fit here to be ex-
prefled. By the twenty-third, they had deliver¬
ed all the Goods which had been bargained for:
After which, there being no farther Profpe£t of
felling any in this Place, Sir Henry determined
to depart without Delay.
The twenty-fourth, Sir Henry called a Coun¬
cil, and propofed the Queftion, whether to go
■ from thence di redly for Priaman, Bantam , he. 1612.
or return to the Red-Sea , to trade with the In- Sir Henry
dian Ships bound thither : He alledged, that fince Middleton.^
they would not deal with them at their own
Doors, to which they had brought from far
Commodities proper for their Country, and
no where elfe in India vendible ; he thought they
fhould do themfelves but Juftice, and them no
Wrong, in compelling them to barter, and give
their Indicos, and other Goods in Exchange. It
was the unanimous Opinion, that they fhould re¬
turn to the Red-Sea , for feveral Reafons: Firft,
in order to put off the Englifi b Goods, and get
others in lieu, fit for their own Country. Se¬
condly, to take fome Revenge of the great and
unfufferable Injuries done Sir Henry , by the Turks
at Mokha. And laftly, to fave the Ship, which
they heard (by Way of Maffiulipatan) was bound
that Way ; judging, that otherwife fhe could not
poflibly efcape being betrayed.
: From this Day to the twenty-feventh, they q-ake a Por.
fpent in getting frefh Water aboard. The Indi-t^^cztSbip,
ans had bought all the Red -lead, and it was ac¬
tually delivered afhore ; but afterwards difliking
it, they returned it back. In the Evening, the
Englijh faw a Ship in the Offing. Two or three
Malabars which rode near them, told them fhe
was a Portuguese Veffel, of Kochin , bound for
Chaul: Whereupon the General fent the Pepper-
Corn , Darling , and Frigat to fetch her in ;
1 which they did the twenty-eighth. Thofe in the
Frigat having pillaged the Mariners, he took
their Plunder from them, and returned it to the
Owners. Her Lading was Cocoa Nuts, and lit¬
tle elfe. This Day was fpent in rummaging her ;
but the General could find no Bills of Lading.
Some fmall Matter he took from her, on account
of the Injuries offered him by the Captain-Ma¬
jor Don Francifco de Soto Major , at the Bar of
Surat) in feizing his Goods, and hindering his
; Trade. That he fuftained no farther Damage
from them, was not owing to their Good-will,
but Want , of Power, as appeared by the Vice¬
roy’s, &c. Letters before-mentioned. Sir Henry
took an Account of the Things he had out of
her, from under the Hands of the principal Men
who were aboard.
The twenty-fifth of Alarch , 1612, they had ijiand s0k*.
Sight of the Ifland Sokotra c, and at four in the tra.
Afternoon the Point of Dellajhaw d bore South
f South-Weft fix Leagues off: Variation fixteen
Degrees. From the twenty -fourth at Noon, till
this Day at Noon, they fleered North-Weft and
by Weft, and Weft North-Weft, and Weft all
Night ; thinking by Day-light to have been neai
the Weftermoft Part of the Ifland : But contra-
a In Purchas, Mollich Abor. b Mellich Amber , in Purcbas.
elfwhere, Loccatra, and Soccatora . d Delijha, by others.
. ‘ Dd d 2
c In Purchas, Zacotora, and
ry
388
l6l2.
Sir Henry
Middleton.
€ape Guar-
Jafui.
2Vews of
(Septain Sa-
?is>
Htfoive fir
lit Red- Sea,
VoYAGfcs of the Englis
fy to their Expectation, they found they had a
gone but little a-head, though they had had a
frefh Gale; which fhews they had a great Cur¬
rent againft them. From Noon till four the
next Morning, they failed along the Coaft with a
fmall Wind ; and then it falling calm, the Cur¬
rent carried them dire&ly upon a Rock, which
lies four or five Leagues from the Weftern Part
of Sokotra. They were forced to anchor till they
had a Gale to carry them from it ; which fpring-
ing up from the Eaft, about two Hours after b
they flood to the Weft ward, and at Noon were
four Leagues from the Rock, where they found
a Current fetting to the Northward.
The twenty- feventh, fliaping their Courfe
Weft South-Weft, they met with a Current
fetting to the Northward. In the Morning they
were thwart of Abba del Kuria , and before Night
had Sight of Cape Guardafui , about feven
Leagues diftant. From Yefterday Noon, till
this Night, they ran about twenty-eight Leagues c
Weft South-Weft: Their true Courfe Weft, a
little Southerly. They ftood in till Midnight,
and hauled clofe of a Wind to the Southward.
The twenty-eighth, by eight o’Clock, they
were fair by the Shore, midway between the two
Capes of Guardafui and Felux a.
The fecond of April, Mr. Pemberton came a-
board, and told the General that he had been at
Sokotra ; and that the King had fhewed him a
Writing left there by Captain John Saris (who d
was General of three Ships) wherein an Account
was given of the Time he left England, his Pla¬
ces of refrefhing by the Way, his Arrival there,
and proceeding thence to the Red-Sea to feek
Trade. It was alfo mentioned, that he had pe-
rufed a Writing left there by Sir Henry , with
Reafons to difluade him from going thither : Yet
that having the Grand Signor’s Pals, he hoped to
meet with better Entertainment than Sir Henryhad
done. The General having heard this unexpected e
News, called a Council, who, without fpending
much Time in Debate, refolved ta proceed as
formerly they had determined : And indeed they
had no other Way left; for they could not get
back till the Wefterly Wind came in,, which
would not be before the Middle of May : Where¬
upon the General left Captain Nicholas Dounton ,
in the Pepper-Corn , to ftay thereabouts, till the
fifth of this Month, in order to obferve the Port
of Aden ; whilft himfelf, with the Trade* s- In- f
treafe and Darling, went to watch the two-fold
Entrance of Bdb almondel'0. They ftceicd from
thence with the Head of Aden , being about feven
H
to the East Indies!
Leagues off. About four they were thwart of i5iJ
Aden. This Evening Variation thirteen Degrees, Sir He;
forty Minutes : Latitude of Aden twelve Degrees, Middlet
forty-feven Minutes. * ~ ^ 1
From four o’Clock this Day, till the third in
the Morning, they had little Wind ; they fleer¬
ed along the Channel Weft by North, and Weft
North-Weft. Towards the Heat of the Day, it
began to blow, and they continued their Courfe
as before. About Sun-fet they anchored in twen- Enter tie y
ty Fathom, four Leagues fhort of the Bdb , where or Striiil
they rid till next Morning.
The fourth, about eight in the Morning,
they fet Sail, and, about ten, anchored within
Bdb al MondeL, between Arabia and the Ifiand,
in eight Fathom Water. The Channel is half a
League over. As foon as they had anchored,
there came a Boat from Shore aboard the Trade’ s-
Increafe , wherein was a Turk and three or four
Arabian Soldiers. This Turk was Chief of the
Place, fent by the Aga of Mokha ta guard it.
He promifed the General, that in cafe he thoughts
fit to write a Letter thither, to fend it away by
a Foot-poft, who Ihould return in three Days,
with an Anfwer r Hereupon he wrote a Letter
to Captain Saris , to acquaint him with his Rea¬
fons for coming, and what he intended to do.
The fixth, there came in a J-elba of Zeyla c,
a Place without the Bdb , on the Coaft of Haba-
jheh , bound for Mokha ; her Loading was Mats.
Sir Henry bought of her twelve Sheep, and fo
permitted them to depart. This Day they had
much Rain.
The feventh, before Day, there came in a&ww/$, 1
Ship from Bafanor, which the General caufed^/M
to anchor by him. The fame Morning Richard
Wickam, oneof Captain Saris’s Merchants, brought
Letters from him ; the Purport whereof he for¬
bore to fet down in this Journal. He kept Wick¬
am with him, for fear they of Mokha fhould de¬
tain him, on account of the General’s flopping
the India Ships; and returned an Anfwer by a
Turk who came in his Company. The eighth,
in the Afternoon, there arrived a Ship of Dm
(bound for Mokha) the General fent off his Fri-
gat to fetch her to an Anchor by him. She
proved to be the fame Ship he had detained the
Year before in Mokha Road. This Day they rum¬
maged thefe two Ships, and took out fuch Goods-
as were for their Purpofe, which were brought
aboard the Trade’ s-Increafe. The ninth, came in-
a fmall Frigat of Shahrd , laden with coarfe
Ollibanum, of which they bought Part, and paid
for it to their Content in Ryals. They continued*
a Or Felix, called Mount Felix. b In Purchas, Babbel mandcll, afterwards Bab mandell, and the Bab .
1 Zela, in Purchas. A In Purchas, Shaker. This is the fame Place called by Others, Xaer, and more
.commonly Xael , after the Portuguese,, dependant on Kufbem , or Kajbia* \
jtummaging:.
Voyage
of the English
ifall, rummaging the India Ships for more Goods.
Sir Henry The eleventh, the General detained a fmall Bark
Middleton, of Sinde.
' Note , That ever fince their Coming into the
Bab , till the twelfth, the Wind kept ftill upon
the South-Eaft Quarter ; but then changed to
North-Weft. Laft Year, on the fame Day, the
Wind fprung up at North-Weft, and continued
fo for three Days : This Courfe the Wind holds
every Year. The reft of this Day, and all the
next, was fpent in mooring their own and the
Indian Ships ; which were ready to drive afhore,
had not they laid out mooring for them, the
Wind blowing hard.
ris joins Sir The fourteenth, Captain Saris came into the
cary»
■tigtei a
arer9
viral Ship
Road, about eight in the Morning, and anchor¬
ed, with his three Ships by Sir Henry. Having
faluted each other with their Ordnance, Captain
Saris , Captain Towrfon , and Mr. Cox (their chief
Merchant) came aboard the Trade’ s - Increafc,
where they fpent all that Day together. Captain
Saris , at parting, invited Sir Henry and others
next Day to Dinner with him.
The fifteenth. Sir Henry and the reft going
aboard the Clove , the Captain fhewed him the
Grand Signor’s Pafs, and read it. They had a
good deal of Talk upon this Occafion, Saris
having promifed himfelf much Trade at Mokha ,
if Sir Henry had not come, which my Experi¬
ence (fays the Author) found to the contrary.
At laft, by an Agreement in Writing, Captain
Saris was to have one third Part of what fiiould
be taken, paying for the fame as Sir Henry did,
for the Service of his three Ships in the Action ;
and leaving the difpofing of the Ships afterward to
him w7ho had fuffered the Wrongs*
The fixteenth, two Ships coming-in. Sir
Henry fent his Frigat, and brought them to An¬
chor. One was of Kalikut , laden with Rice, bound
for Mokha ; the other was of Karapatan , (near
Babul, and fubje£t to the fame Prince) laden
with Pepper : Which Ship came from Achen , and
was bound for Aden ; but being chaced by Cap¬
tain Dounton to Leeward of the Place, they pro-
pofed to go for Mokha.
The eighteenth, came in a Ship of Kananor
utruiocifi ihe eignteentn, came in a omp ui twnunuT ,
‘ j^a(j j3£en at jchen^ and was bound for Mokha ,
laden, for the moft Part, with Pepper. Next
Day arrived two more from Surat ; one called the
HaJTani+ belonging to Abdal Hajfan a, bound for
Jiddah b ; the other a fmall Ship of Sir Henry’s old
Friend Khojah Najan, bound for Mokha. They
were brought to anchor near the General, who
ordered their Sails to be taken from their Yards,
and kept fome of the chief Men aboard himfelf :
By them he underftood, that the Great Mogol’s
f
^ East Indies. 389
Mother’s Ship, called the Rhemi , would foon be 1612.
there. Sir Heuy
The twentieth, there came in a Ship of Diu ,
laden with Indian Commodities, bound for Mokha ,
and prefently after another of Dabul : She parted
by, but the Pinnace fetched her back. Next
Day, Sir Henry fent away Partengers out of the
Surat Ships. About Noon, there arrived a fmall
Veflel from Kalikut , bound for Mokha , which
was flopped with the reft.
The twenty-fecond, there came in a Frigat
of Shahr c, bound from Goa for 'Jiddah , and
laden with grofs Ollibanum. Prefently after, they
had Sight of a large Ship, which paffed the great
Channel, but was chaced by the Darling , which
caufed her to anchor by the Heft or. She was
of Diu , bound for Svuaken , and laden with Indian
Commodities.
At length, on the twenty-third, the Rhemi Tht great
of Surat , the Queen Mother’s Ship, arrived; fhe ^
was bound for Jiddah , and flopped with the reft*
In this Veflel there were fifteen hundred Perfons.
In the Afternoon, Sir Henry delivered the Ships
their Sails, and ordered them to be ready betimes
next Morning, to fail with him for the Road of
A Jab.
The twenty- fourth, they all fet fail from the
Bab, only the Thomas and Darling were left to
ply up to the Streights. They arrived at Crab
Ifland about five o’Clock, and came to Anchor
in twelve Fathom Water, where they rode all
Night, the Wind at South South-Weft. Next
Morning, they flood in for the Road of AJab ,
and about one o’Clock call Anchor in feven Fa¬
thom and an half.
The twenty-feventh, they fetched a large
Quantity of Indico out of the Ships of Surat and
Diu. The Clove plying to and fro in the Offings
without perceiving where the Fleet was. Sir
Henry caufed a Gun to be fhot oft' ; which fhe an-
fwering with another, prefently bore up for the
Road.
Latitudes.
kpuiriba Iflands, about — —
Sandy Bay, in Sokotra — —
Tamarin Town — • —
- Variation — —
Zenan, or Sanaa City — - —
Swally Road — - —
- Variation — —
Surat Road — —
Dabul Road — —
- Variation — —
Aden,
in Arabia
— Variation
the Owner.
(has, Shekor,
lCluJCl7l . jnuuui 11UJJU71 liglUHUOj HiV vy* * 4 J
b Joddah, or Juddah, the Port of Mekka : In Purchas, written Zidda.
11°
10' S.-
12
25 N.
IZ
3°
19
18
l6
15
20
57
l6
30
20
42
*7
42
l6
3°
12
47 ’
13
40
: its Name from
c In Pur-
P U A P
39°
1 6 1 o .
Dounton.
Voyages of the English ^ East Indies!
CHAP. XII.
1610
Dounton.
l^V\
^he Journal a of Captain Nicholas Dounton, Lieutenant-General , in the fame
V oyage of Sir Henry Middleton.
SaVanna
Read ,
Situation of
tbt. Coifi,
S E C T. I. a
Saldanna Road. Situation of the Coaft. Cattle-
Trade fpoiled. Inhabitants , their Drefs. Wild
Beajls and Fowl. Plenty of Fijh. Journey
round the Table. Nature of the Country. Ufe-
ful Projefl. Leave Saldanna Bay. Meet the
Union at Madagafkar. Captain Rowles and
others betrayed. The Crew relieved by the Gene¬
ral. St. Auguftine’j Bay defcribed. Curious
Trees. The Inhabitants.
THE twenty-fecond of July , 1610, at four
in the .Afternoon, they had Sight of the
Table , and Point of Saldanna , bearing Eaft, dis¬
tant twelve Leagues ; but by Reafon of Calms
and uncertain Winds, it was the twenty-fourth
before they were moored in the Road. Here they
found three Ships of Holland , one whereof was
bound for Bantam , and in her Peter But , Ge¬
neral of thirteen Sail ; who having fpent his Main-
maft, and loft Company of his Fleet, put into the c
Road to refrefh his fick Men : The other two
had made Train-oil of Seals at Pengwin Ifland,
and were bound home.
SALDANNA is a Bay about fourteen Leagues
North North -Eaft from the Cape of Good Hope ,
and North by Weft ten b Leagues from Cape
Falfo, which is Eaftward of the former, both
which may be feen from the fame Bay : Thefe
two Capes are alfo divided by another great Bay.
The Diftance between thefe two Bays c is about d
three Leagues, the interjacent Country being
low, marfhy Ground, extended South and North,
which on either Side is invironed with Moun¬
tains. When you have brought the Northern
Point of this Bay Weft North-Weft, North-
Weft and by Weft, for a fmallShip North- Weft,
thwart the Ledge of Rocks (or Watering-place)
near the Shore, and facing the Swamp between
the high Mountains, called the Table and Sugar-
loaf you may fafely ride in fix, five, or four e
Fathom, according to the Draught of your Ship,
in clean Ground, and good Anchor-hold. Pen¬
gwin Ifland, with its Ledge, will be three
Leagues diftant, bearing North North-Weft half
Weft, and ftretching to the North by Weft of
you in the Road d. The main Land alfo, though
it be thirteen Leagues dillant, trendeth away to
the [North] Weft by Weft ; fo that there is lit¬
tle above three Points open to let in the North-
Weft Sea, which is [accompanied with] the
greateft Storms.
SALDANNA was formerly a comfortable Re- Cattie.Tra
treat for the Englijh , both outwards and home-#5'4'*'
wards bound, yielding abundance of Sheep and
Beeves, which fold for Trifles ; as an Ox for a Piece
of an Iron Hoop of fourteen Inches long, and a
Sheep in Proportion. But Captain Dounton found
Matters quite otherwife : Yet, for Want of un¬
demanding the Language of the Inhabitants, the
Author could not tell what to impute this Alte¬
ration in the Trade to ; whether it was deftroyed
by the Dutch, who, by their Liberality, (regard¬
ing only their prefent Occafions) fpoiled all Places
wherever they came ; or whether the Cattle, fo
abundantly brought down heretofore, were not
the Growth of the Country, but taken in War,
(at which Time Iron might be in Efteem with
them for pointing their Launces or Darts) and
that, thefe W ars ceafing, they no longer valued
Iron, or had Opportunity to get Cattle. How¬
ever that was, although the Natives came down
every Day to their Tents in fair Weather, yet
they could not, either by Bribes, or other Means,
procure any thing more from them to relieve
their fick Men, but four Cows, and (even Sheep.
Thefe Cows withal were fo old and lean, that
the Flefh was good for little : Neither would
they take Iron for them, but infilled on having
thin Pieces of Copper, fix Inches fquare. For
each of the Sheep they would have a Piece
three Inches fquare cut out of a Kettle. Of this
they made Rings, wearing fix or eight together
on their Arms; which being bright and fmooth,
were a great Ornament with them.
These People were the filthieft that the Au -MM/nti,
thor had ever feen or heard of, adding to the na- titir
tural Uncleannefs of their Bodies, (occafioned by
Sweat or otherwife) by anointing them with a
filthy Subftance, fuppofed by him to be the Juice
. *PJchaSr has 'nf"erted this Journal, or (as he fays) certain Extracts thereof, in his Pilgrims vol I t 274.
c“ w/Ke S «*“» Sir U‘”N H. was
TA-„e na , * 1 a t'^ative of his before, fee p. 2C0. b Lying Eaft nf t h/rv*, rw aL,
the Diftance ought to be greater not lefler. c The Extrafter has Lftted fomethL here^ S thf firil
be "<* of SddAa. In effea, one U coSoundld wTth °he ot“
* Th,s Situation of Pmpwi*, or Min Ifland, can agree only with Talk Bay.
of
i6io.
Jounton.
jti Ortia-
mt*
i Id Biajti
< ' Fowl.
J of
V
Voyages of the Englis
of Herbs ; which looked like Cow-dung, and W2S a
baked in the Wool of their Heads, refembling a
Cake of green Herbs. For their Apparel, they
cover their Privities with the Tail of a Cat, or
fome other fmall Beaft, and wear a Cloak made
of a Sheep-lkin, which reaches down to the
Middle of their Thighs ; turning fometimes one
Side, fometimes the other, outwards, according
to the Weather. Their Sheep have no Wool,
but Hair, and are party-coloured like Calves :
Their Legs are longer, and their Bodies larger b
than the Englijh Sheep, but not fo fat.
The principal Perfons among them wear,
about the Bight of their Arms, a thin flat Hoop
of Ivory, very fmooth, near fixteen Inches wide ;
and on their Wrifts, fix, eight, ten, or twelve
bright Rings of Copper, all either faftned toge¬
ther, or wrought in one : Alfo Bracelets of blue
Glafs, and Pearl-fhells, which are either made
Prefents, or exchanged with them by idle Sailors
for Edridge Egg-fhells, or Porcupine Quills, which c
the Dutch ufually bought. They had another
moft ftrange and filthy Sort of Garniture ; name¬
ly, the Guts of Cattle hung about their Necks,
which made them dink like a Slaughter- houfe.
In their Hand they carry a fhort Launce or Dart,
with a fmall Iron Head, and a few Edridges
Feathers, as a Fan to keep away the Flies. They
ufe alfo Bows and Arrows, but when they came
down to the Englijh , they would leave them in
fome Hole or Bufh by the Way. They are well d
made, and very nimble. They feem to remove
their Habitations from Time to Time for the
Convenience of Padure for their Cattle : The
bed Place is in the Valley between the Mountains.
The Tops of thofe far up in the Country were
then covered with Snow, which the Hills near
the Sea were free from, notwithdanding they are
very high.
Here they met with Snakes and Adders;
alfo many Sorts of wild Beads, as fallow Deer, e
Antilopes, Porcupines, Land Tortoifes, and Ba¬
boons. The Dutch told them, there were Lions,
but they faw none. They faw likewife abundance
of wild Geefe, Ducks, Pellicans, Paffea, Fle-
mincos. Crows, (which have a white Band round
their Necks) fmall green Birds, and feveral other
unknown Sorts : Alfo Sea-Fowls, as Penguins,
Gulls, and Pentados, which are fpotted black and
white: A grey Fowl, with black Wings, which
the Portuguese call Jlcatrajfes ; Shags or Cormo- f
rants in great Numbers, and another Kind of
Fowl like Moor-hens.
Here is great Variety of Fifh. Thofe the Au¬
thor had feen were fird a fmall Sort of Whales,
which were very numerous about the Ifland in
fair Weather ; and Seals infinite. With the Saine,
H to the EAST INDIES.
391
they took Fifh like Mullets3, being as large as 1610.
Trouts; Smelts, Thorn-backs, and Dogs ; and Dounton.
on the Rocks, Limpets, and Muffels in abund-
ance. In the frefh Water, the Union’s Men caught,
with their Saine, abundance of Mullets, as they
informed them. The Air is very wholefome,
and the Water good, defcending in fmall Streams
from the Mountains.
One Morning, Captain Dounton and the Ge- Journey
neral, accompanied with thirteen Men, whereof rourcitie
four were fmall Shot, went to look out for aTlible'
Place to cut Wood. Having gone about three
Miles without finding any, (except fmall green
Wood, which they in the Pepper-Corn , being in
great Want, were forced to cut ;) Sir Henry de-
firous to get fome Refrefhment for the weak, fick
Men, determined to walk about the Tableb, to fee
if they could meet with any Cattle to buy, not
thinking it would have proved fo long a Journey.
They palled through a mod uneven, dony, path-
lefs, (and as it were) overgrown Wildernefs ;
wherein often they were obliged to defcend and
afcend, through deep and hollow Water- courfes,
(made by the rapid Fall of Rains from Table- Hill)
befet with T rees from Side to Side. After a while,
they found a beaten Path, along which they
pafl’ed for a while, and many Pens where Cattle
had been kept : But as it led from their Ship,
they were forced to leave it, and turn to the
Right, where they had a mod tirefome Journey
for a Time, till they hit upon another Path,
which led towards the Road along the Mountains ;
between which they marched for a while, dill
following the beaten Track, (as near as the Hills
would let them) which was their bed Guide.
At length, they got into the Swamp, between
the Southermod Sugar-loaf and the Table : At the
fame Time they came in Sight of the Shore, a-
long which they went, over the Sides of the
Cliffs ; which, at length, they forfook, going,
by Edimation, Ead towards the Swamp, between
the Northermod Sugar-loaf and Table. In the
Morning (after they had reded themfelves a little
by a Fire) they fet forward at a good Rate, and
palling over the Swamp before Day-break, came
to their Tents.
On their Approach, they found all the Men, Nature cf
that could be fpared, in Arms, divided into two the CiuMry^
Companies, one half under Mr. Thornton , the
other under Mr. Pemberton ; propofing, as foon
as it was Light, to go feek the General : The
Leaders were to take different Routs, and to meet
again on the other Side of the Table. Sir Henry’s
feafonable Arrival having prevented their Journey,
they all fat down, and refreflied themfelves with
what had been prepared for their Provifion on
the Road. In this March Sir Henry and his
* In Pur chas, Millets.
b Table Util is near Table Bay j another Proof, that this was not Saldanna Bay.
3 Company
1 6 to,
Dounton.
Madagaflc;
Ufeful Pro-
j<a .
V o v a g e s of the English to the East Indie*.
Corroanv kept the Table on their Right-hand all a The fixth of September, at three o Clock,
SCancftheMarm on their lift, which, they defcried the HU* .of
near the Mountains, was much peftered with Lauren", m the Lautude of ™“ty-™eeh“£J UnM*
Rocks, that bad fallen down from the Tops. It grees, thirty-eight Minutes ; and at fix anchored
is moift Ground, and feems to be good Pafture in twelve Fathom Water in
for Cattle They faw, fcattered here and there, gujiin: Where they found the Union ai Undon
In divers Places/ cert’ain low Trees, fomewhat Vice-Admiral in the fcjjrd: , Voya ge S " -
broad tonned ; bearing a Fruit of the Size of a pie were diftreffed for Want of Victuals to carry
Pine-apple* but the Hulks not fo hard and fpun- them home. They gave the General the following
ly The Seed were devoured by the Birds, and Account of their Voyage : They un orttmately
? Hulks remained. The Leaves were Ihaped b loft Company with their Admiral and Pinnace
ike the HouTek but not fo thick. between Saldama and the Cape of Good Hope, and
Bot H Trees and Herbs were in BlolTom every never heard of them after. They, put into this Bay
whe?e "his having been their Spring. Captain outward bound to feek them, and thence faded
- « Vr..i»f =".• .T-? are $ »
there, might ? h^e^afforded* ’ReHef ' to^lich Ships them to land with their Boats, they ueacheroufly
as for’ the ^future palTcd this Way. The Captain feized three of their M="- Thereftfeeng he
fuppofed, that although the Salvages fhould fome- Danger they were in, fled with then- ™
what fpoil his Labour, yet every Commander of Ship, which proceeded on her Voyage Be'"f
a Veffel would covet to reftore and improve the c hindered by contrary Winds from re 8 V
feme 'The Planting of Acorns alfo, he is of convenient Port, they were forced, for Want: of
Water, to return towards Madagaskar ; propo-
fing to make the Bay of Antongil on the Eaft-
South-Eaft e Coaft : But the Wind, or the Couvfe,
not fuiting with their Determination, they put
into Gungomar f, a good Harbour or Bay, on the
Opinion, would turn out much to the Benefit of
Pofterity, becaufe Trees were not here fo long
growing* as in cold Climates. The Author was
fenfible fome might reckon it idle in him to fow,
where there was no Likelihood he fhould ever **•— ^ f , Tn a
reap: But, for his Part, he deemed the Negleft North- Weft Corner of the Mand. p ^
2JSi^iSs£VXikto!S -i""5 a?— ™Ay*,Ki.„ i.."
of real Advantage to thofe
after him, to the End of
at, that might be
who came thither
Time.
Having taken in Water, and relieved their
danna Road, weaj^ flck Men, with what Refrefhing they
could get, which was principally Muffels, they
Leave Sal-
ceived fo good an Opinion of his Sincerity, that,
in Hope of Trade for Ambergreafe, and other
Commodities, he was tempted, at the King’s In¬
vitation, to land, and perfuaded his Captain and
other Merchants to accompany him. When he
was brought into the King’s Prefence, he fent
prepared6 to Let /ail the ni Sth JJ«fi i b* were
hindered by contrary Winds till the thirteenth,
at four in the Afterneon, when the Wind blew
fair at South South-Eaft : And at fix, in the Af¬
ternoon, the Cape of Good Hope bore South-Eaft
fixteen Leagues off. The fixteenth, in the Morn¬
ing, it bore North- Weft by Weft twelve Leagues
diftant ; and by four, in the Afternoon, they
had brought Cape Agullas b North-Eaft fixteen
Leagues diftant, their Courfe being South-Eaft.
The eighteenth, there was not much Wind ; but
they had an high Sea, flowering on the Top like
a Breach in Shoal-water. The nineteenth, they
had a very ftrong Gale.
they refufing to go to him, there fallied out of
the Woods a great Number of People ; who, with
- Darts, Arrows, and Lances, attempted to force
' the Boat. The Sailors having repulfed them,
and put off from Shore, they purfued the Boat
with armed Canoes out of the River ; till, by
Shot from the Union , they were forced to re¬
tire. A few Days after, they formed a Defign
to attack the Ship itfelf, which ftaid in Hope of
hearing from their Captain and Merchants : Ac¬
cordingly there iffued out fome hundred Canoes,
advancing in Form of an half Moon. Thofe in
f the Union , not thinking it prudent to wait their
a In Pufchas, in Bignefs and Proportion like a Pine-apple. b In Purchas, Agmlhas. See be¬
fore P ; < In Purchas, Zanzibar. * Rather, Eaft North-Eaft. / Jungotnar, . m
Purchas : who in the Margin, writes, or Vingomar . He elfev/here calls it, Boamora ; and Moris, Konguomona.
See before p ’348 e, and Note d. We put Gungomar here, becaufe it is lo called afterwards ; and the Name
approaches nearer Konquomorro. The Maps mention the Bay of Boamora, or Vahemaro, on the N°rth-Eaft Side
toPthe North of Antongil, and Vingagora [which feeds to be Purchas s Unccmar} on the oppofite Side, called
alfo Porto Rancho
Coming*
Voyagesc/’/Z^English to the East Indies. 393
1612. Coming, brought themfelves under Sail, and de- a
pounton. parted on their Voyage.
/■ \/\J I T Teemed, that they could not fetch Sokotra ;
t'tmed by ^ or e]fe the Mafter being unwilling to go either to
e Genera. or Surat , went to A chin , and there
dealt Tor Tome Commodities with the Guzerats ;
and from thence repaired to Priaman , to lade
Pepper: Where the Merchants bargained to re¬
ceive it at Tekkoa a, an Ifland three Leagues dif-
tant from Priaman , at fifteen, fourteen, and
thirteen Ryals of Eight and an half the Bahar, b
every Bahar being three hundred and twelve
[Pounds] there. This Ship, the General plenti¬
fully fupplied with Victuals, making the longer
Stay, on Purpofe to relieve her. He alfo compo-
fed the Differences that were among them ; for
at his Arrival, they were much divided : Samuel
Bradjhaw , for his difereet and prudent Condudft
in the Company’s Bufinefs, having been much
envied by the factious Mafter, and his Adherents :
But the General left them, feemingly well recon- c
ciled, and good Friends.
. Auguftin 1N this Bay they continued feventy Hours : It
1? dtferi- is, for the moil Part, all deep Water, and un-
r certain : In divers Places there is no Ground (by
Report) in two hundred Fathom. They found
• all the South Shore, in a Manner, from the
Weftern Point, to the High-cliff Land, all rocky
Flats, whofe Ledges were dry at low Water. At
the Eaftern End of the Rocks, near the Clift,
they anchored in twelve Farhom ; and might have d
rode nearer the Shore in feven. They entered
the Bay with a ftrong Gale at South South-W eft :
But when they drew near the Land, the Wind
grew duller : However, it blew pretty frefh in
the Day, during the Time they were there; but
in the Night was ufually calm. Yet, it muft be
noted, that it was then new Moon, which makes
the fbuleft Weather in thofe Countries: So that
the Captain could not fay how it was at other
Times. It Teemed to be always very hot on e
Land, efpecially when the Sun is to the South of
the Line.
\rim I n this Place they met with Trees, full of a fat
«*• yellow Sap ; to which Sap Fire being put, it would
run blazing up, and catch the Leaves and
Branches. The Timber of this Tree is Toft : But
there is another Sort, whofe Wood is near as hard
as Lignum Vita; ; the Colour is white, only it has
a fmall brown Heart ; whether any Kind of white
Sanders, the Captain knew not. The Trees which f
they cut for Firing in the Pepper-Corn^ were mold
common of any Sort there. The Branches hung
with Cods of green Fruit (as big as a Bean Cod)
called Tamerin b. It hath a very four Tafte ; and
by the Apothecaries, is held good againft the
Scurvy. The Admiral’s Men, who had more 1612.
Leifure, gathered Tome as it was green, for their Denton,
particular Ufes. Here is alfo Plenty of an Herb,
(as to its Form, fcarce to be diftinguifned from
the Sempervive) of which the Aloes, called Aloes
Socatrinee , of all Sorts, is made : But the Author
could not tell, whether the favage Inhabitants
had either the Knowledge, or Ufe thereof.
The Natives, for Tome Reafon or other, for - The Ir.babi-
bore to come to them ; fo that they got no KindfJ',fl*
of Cattle for Refrefhing. Formerly, an Ox had
been offered for a Ryal of Eight : But the Union ,
it was faid, hurt this Trade : For, the Company
being under no Government, when any was
brought down, diforderly Fellows, not regarding
the Meafures taken by the Factor to keep down
the Price, to ferve their own Occafions, gave the
Savages what they demanded ; fo that there were
fcarce any to be gotten for ten Shillings apiece.
It Teems, that in all Parts of this Ifland, Ships
muft ftand upon their Guard, the People being
treacherous: Yet, by Report, they are ftout and
valiant ; and know how to draw up in Battle, as
appeared by their Order at Gungomar , when they
aflaulted the Union. Their Weapons are Bows
and Arrows, Lances, and fmall Darts, which
they carry in Bundles.
SECT. II.
Karribas ljles, or Rocks. Strong Current. Duas
Hermanas Ijles. Bay of Galanza. Tamarin
Town. News of the Afcenfion. The General
vifits the King. The Government. Commodities.
Abdal Kuria. Saboyna Rock. Mount Feluk,
or Foelix. Aden deferibed. Its Situation.
TH E ninth of September , at four o’ Clock, Ka"iba«
Afternoon, they fet Sail out of the Bay of
St. Auguftin , leaving the Union behind them. The
twenty-firft, between ten and eleven Degrees
South Latitude, the Wind being at Eaft South-
Eaft, and the Current fetting South-Weft, they
were entangled with a Lee-fhore, which they
called the Karribas c. Tbefe are feveral fmall
Iftjnds; off which there lie many Ledges of
Rocks, that are to be difeovered only by the Sea
breaking over them. They were fix Days before
they could get quit of them. This Coaft lieth
neareft North-Eafterly, and South-Wefterly ; and
the Wind all thefe fix Days blew between the
Eaft North-Eaft, and Eaft South-Eaft: So that
againft their Wills, they were ftill forced to Lee¬
ward ; though by towing with their Boats, and
otherwife, they endeavoured to get off. This
Place, in the Captain’s Judgment, might be a-
bout feventy Leagues Northward of Mozambik.
a By others written Tekoo. b Tamerim , in Purchas. This is the Tamarind Tree , as we call it. c Called
Queriba, p. 361. a. and in the Maps, Quirimba.
Vo l. I. N° XX. E c e By
394 Voyages of the Engl
i 6 12. By Night, for the mod Part, they were neareft
Dour ton. thefe Dangers, which were always between them
L/"Y"N>and the Shore ; fo that they could never get Sight
of the Coaft, neither could they make any juft
Eftimation of the Diftances between the Ifiands,
nor fet them down in their true Form.
StrorgCur. The greateft Danger of all, is in the Current
rent. fetting ftrongly on, and no Place to anchor in, it
being deepWater clofe to the Rocks ; and though
fomewhat near them you have Ground, yet it is fo
deep and foul, that there is no anchoring : Likewife
on the Northern Part hereof, though by the Cap¬
tain’s Eftimation, they were little more than two
Leagues from Shore, yet they had no Ground in
one hundred and fifty Fathom. Thefe are fandy
Ifiands ; and (for the moft Part) were full of
Trees. Every Evening, after it grew dark, they
could fee the Fires on Shore, made by the Inha¬
bitants: But they had no Inclination to lofe fo
much Time as to go fpeak with them. After
they had gotten clear of thefe Dangers, they, to
their great Surprize, found themfelves carried by
the Current to the Northwards, as much more as
the Ship went : For Inftance, when they com¬
puted fhe went but fifteen Leagues, fhe ran thirty.
The fecond of Oflober^ there fell much Rain.
The ninth, they found the Current ceafe, un-
Jefs it fet to the Eaftwards, which they could not
difeern. The tenth, eleventh, and twelfth, they
perceived themfelves to lofe more and more by
the Current.
Duas Her- The feventeenth, at Sun-rifing, they deferied
’ two Ifiands, which for their Likenefs, are called
the Duas Hermanas a, (or Two Sijlers.) They lie
in refpedl of each other, Weft by South, and
Eaft by North, and are diftant from the Weft
Point of Sokotra , about feven Leagues and an
half. Steering North North-Eaft with the Weft
Point of Sokotra , three Leagues and an half off,
they had twentry- three, twenty- four, and twenty-
fix Fathom. After they had got round the
Weftern Point, the Wind fhortened, fo that they
could not coaft it: But by the Help of a Current,
they were put off. The Admiral, and the Dar¬
lings anchored in twelve Fathom ; while thePep-
per-Corn , through Calms, and a Gale from Land,
could not get into Shoal Water, till the ninth at
Noon ; at which Time, they anchored in twelve
Fathom, near a Town, called Gallanza b. To¬
ward the Cool of the Evening, Captain Dounton
went with the Pinnace and Saine, to a low fandy
Point, a League to the Eaft (thwart the Admiral
and Darling ) to get Fifh for refrefhing their Peo¬
ple ; and got enough to ferve the whole Fleet two
Meals, and much longer if it would have kept.
Here the General informed the Author, that the
People with whom he fpoke in the Morning, had
i s h to the East Indies.
a confirmed what himfelf feared, that the Eafterly
Monfon was already come, and, confequently, all Dountoi
their Hopes of getting to Kambaya , were fruftrated ’—•v*
for nine Months ; of which however, they ex¬
pected to be better informed at Tamarin , by the
King.
The twentieth, being Saturday , they anchor¬
ed at a Point near fix Leagues fhort of Tamarin %
and five Leagues from the Point of Gallanza.
This they effe&ed by Help of a Sea-turn, which
b continued long that Night: But not content to
ftay there till Day, and then confult what was
beft to be done, by Reafon of an Eddy-Tide,
which fet by the Shore on the Weft Side, where
they rode (which forced their Sterns to Wind¬
ward) and a flattering Gale from Land, they
weighed, and were forced off into the Current :
So that the twenty- firft, they were carried back
thwart the Town of Galanza ; but at a great
Diftance from Shore, and in very deep Water,
c The twenty-fecond, the Admiral and Dar- 5yG
lings got into Shoal Water; and about twolanza,
o’ Clock, the Pepper-Corns which had like to
have been put quite off the Ifland, anchored alfo
in the Bay, Weftward of Gallanzas in fix Fa¬
thoms. The Captain prefently went on Shore
with his Pinnace, carrying Barricos, to feek frefh
Water. He carried a Flag of Truce, to fee if
any of the Inhabitants would come to him, in
Hopes to have procured fome Goats, or other
d Refrefhments. They wondered to fee the Peo¬
ple ftand in Troops at a Diftance: But it feems
none durft approach them, for Fear of the King’s
Difpleafure ; who would not fuffer his SubjeCIs to
have any thing to do with Strangers: But all In¬
telligences, as alfo Licences for frefh Vi&uals,
and their Prices, muft come from himfelf :
Wherefore at Night, having filled thirteen Bar¬
ricos with Water, they returned aboard.
This Night, being full Moon, it was high The H«'g
e Water at nine o’ Clock; when the Captain com-0/
puted, that the Tide rofe between ten and eleven <I,du‘
Foot. All the Time of flowing, the Stream fet
to the Northward, that is clofe by the Shore: And
with the Ebb, and a fmall Gale from Land, they
fet Sail, coafting it for four or five Miles, thwart
the fandy Bay, where they fifhed ; and finding
the Current there to fet off to the Weftward,
they anchored, to wait for the next Tide, or
Wind.
f The twenty-fifth, as the Wind ferved, they
fet Sail ; and about eleven o’ Clock, anchored in
eight Fathom, a Mile from Shore, right againft
Tamarins where theKing’sHoufe is, to the North Tamarj0
of the Caftle, on the Top of the Hill above the Tvwn,
Town. At their anchoring, the General (hot off
five Pieces of Ordnance, the Pepper-Corn three.
a In Purcbasy lrmanas. b In Purchas , Gallanzee , afterwards, Galanzee3 Gallanza . f In fome Maps, Tamare/e.
2 and
l6l2.
Dounton.
Voyageso//^English to the East Indies. 39 5
and the Darling one. The General fent Mr. a judged, was the only Reafon he had to delire their 1612.
* * * * Abfence. Next Day, they almoft made an End Dounton.
of taking-in Water out of a Pond, fed by Springs
defcending from the Hills. The feventh, being
Sunday , their People went on Land to recreate
themfelves.
This King of Sokotra is called, Muley Amor "The Govern,
ebn Sayd a, being but Vice-Roy under his Father, w<rnf*
who is King of Fartak , in Arabia , not far from
„ _ Aden , and comes into the Sea at Camricam b. He
He thankfully re- b faid, that his Father was at War with the Turks
of Aden , which he gave as a Reafon, for deny¬
ing them a Letter to the Governor of that City.
\ewt tf the
Ucenfion.
General
\ijitt tbe
Fcmel on Land, handfomely attended in the Pin¬
nace (which was furnifhed with a red Crimfon Tilt)
wTith a Prefent for the King, confifting of a Silver
ten Ounce Cup, gilt; a Sword-blade, and three
Yard! of Stammel Broad-cloth. The King^ re¬
ceived them by the Water Side, in an Orange
tawny-coloured Tent ; where he fate attended by
the principal of his Countrymen, (the Arabs )
and a Guard of fmall Shot. They difcourfed to¬
gether more than an Hour,
ceived the General’s Prefent, bad him welcome,
and exprefled a Defire to fee him on Land ; pro¬
mising him Water free, and what elfe in Reafon
the Ifland afforded, confidering the Drought, it
not having rained there for two Years before.
As for Aloes, there was not a Pound to be had,
his own Frigat being gone to fell it in the Red-
Sea. The Afcenfion , he faid, came in here for
the firftTime, in February ; and finding a Guze-
rat Ship in the Road, eight Days after, departed
with her towards the Red-Sea ; that eight Days
from thence, her Pinnace came in, and made no
Stay, but followed her Admiral: That in July ,
both the Afcenfton and her Pinnace, returned from
the Red- Sea ; and having taken- in Water, foon
after failed for Kambaya. Farther he faid, that
his Frigat being at the Port of Bazain , near Da¬
mon, in” India , they were informed by the Portu-
gueze , that the faid Ship and Pinnace, arriving on
the Coaft too foon, before the Winter and foul
Weather were paft, were both call away, but the
Men faved.
The King fent a Prefent of twelve Goats to
the General ; who next Day went well attended,
and with a Guard, to vifit the King. T he Ships
gave him, as before, five, three, and one, Pieces
of Ordnance ; and he was welcomed on Land
with ten great Shot. The King received him in
a courteous Manner, and entertained him and
his Followers as well as the Place could afford :
But he did not feem willing, that they fhould
make any longer Stay there, refufing to let
them fet up their Pinnace. His Excufe was,
that neither his own Ship, nor any other, (as
the Guzerat , which he had great Advantage
by) durft come into the Road, while they were
there. The Author was of Opinion, that their
Stay here was very chargeable to his Majelty ; in-
afmuch as to fhew the Strength of his Town, he
had drawn down the Arabs , and others, from
all Parts of the Ifland, who, while they {laid
there, lived at his Charge : And this, the Author
None but Arabs were employed about him for
his Defence, or State : The old Inhabitants of
the Ifland, who wrere originally banifhed People,
living in the moft abjedt Slavery.
The chief Merchandize here, is Aloes S oca- Commodities,
trina : They make it about Augujl , (of an Herb
like Semper Vive , which they have in Spain ) but
not palling one Ton a Year. There is alfo a fmall
Quantity of Sanguis Draconis , or Dragon's Blood ,
a little whereof the Factors bought at twelve
Pence a Pound ; and Dates, which ferve them
for Bread, which the King fells at five Ryals of
Eight the hundred [Weight]. Bulls and Cows
are fold at twelve Ryals of Eight apiece ; Goats
at one Ryal ; Sheep and Hens at half a Ryal a-
piece ; all exceeding fmall, owing to the Bar¬
renness of the Ifland. The Price of Wood is
twelve Pence for a Man’s Load. All thefe are
dear Articles : What elfe the Ifland might pro¬
duce, the Author knew not ; but the Whole
feemcd to him, to confift of Rocks and Stones ;
and the Land to be exceeding dry and bare.
This Day, [the feventh of Oftober ] having Abdal Ku-
finifhed their Bufinefs, they fet Sail, directing da.
their Courfe towards Aden , in the Red- Sea : They
took Leave of the King with five Guns. Fheir
Courfe, after they got clear of Sokotra , was by
Abba del Kuria c, to Cape Guardafui , the Eaft-
ermoft Point of Habafh d, which lies near Weft,
thirty- four Leagues diftant from the Weftern
Point of Sokotra : For from this Point, to the
Eaft End of Abba del Kuria , are fourteen Leagues.
The Length of Abba del Kuria , a long narrow
ragged Ifland, may be from Eaft to \Veft, fi\c
Leagues ; and, from the Weft End thereof, to
Cape Guardafui , are fifteen Leagues. The King
of Sokotra hath fome People and Goats on this
Ifland. Near three Leagues North from the Mid¬
dle of it, are two great white Rocks, clofe to
each other, about half a Mile in Length.
Thefe
a In Purchas, Mulli Amove Bevfaide . b We cannot tell what to matte of this Remark. Purcbas who,
probably, has omitted fomething in the Text, puts in the Margin, King of Fartac, or Canacaym ; which doe
not in the leaft clear up the Obfcurity ; unlefs we fuppofe, that Canacaym is printed mftead Oi Carafes.
the fame with Kaffin, Sr rather Kufhem , to which Fartak now belongs. « By fome, a^MlaULmta.
by others, Abdel Curia: Perhaps, it fliould be, Abdal Kuria , or Abdal Kurt, as Captain Hami-.cn
* In Purcbas, Abax. Rocks
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
Saboyna
Ruck,
Mouvt Fe-
Rocks are white, not naturally, but made fo by
the muting of Birds.
The thirty-firft, at eleven o’ Clock, they
were thwart of the Weftern Point of Sokotra :
At two. Afternoon, they left the white Rock,
called Saboyna , (four Leagues North -Weft by
Weft of that Point) to the North on their Star¬
board Side ; and at three, they defcried the two
higheft Mountains of Abba del Kurin , bearing
Weft South-Weft, diftant ten Leagues. The
firft of November , at Sun-rife, they were between
Abba del Kuria , and the two Rocks : The former
two Leagues and a half off, on their Larboard ;
the latter half a League diftant on their Star¬
board. At Noon, they were in twelve Degrees
feventeen Minutes North : The Variation, feven-
teen Degrees thirty-five Minutes. This After¬
noon, they met with a Current, which fet them
to the Southward. At one, in the Afternoon,
they defcried Cape Guardafui ; but it being Night
before they came near it, they palled it- without
any diftinct View thereof.
The fecond, in the Morning, they were
luk, or Fa- thw’art of an high Mountain, nine Leagues Weft-
i,x* ward from the Cape : And, between that Point,
and another high Point, five Leagues diftant Weft
by South, there is a low fandy Point, lying one
League and a quarter off, into the Sea: And fome
three Leagues more Wefterly, they anchored ;
and went on Land with all their Boats, to cut
Wood. Here they met with fome of the Inha¬
bitants, who informed them, that the laft Mount
they palled, was called Feluk % or by the Portu¬
guese, Faelix : But fo foon as they found they
were Chrijlians , they fled from them.
The third, they landed again, and cut more
Wood ; and after Noon, fet Sail towards the
Red-Sea. The fifth, at ten o’ Clock, they de-
lcrted the Coaft of Arabia Foslix , bearing North
North-Weft, and North by Eaft, fome twelve
Leagues diftant. At Noon, the Captain found
the Latitude thirteen Degrees tw'enty-eight Mi¬
nutes. At Sun-fet, they were twelve Leagues
from Shore; all the Mountains within the Land,
appeared high, very rough, and without Sign of
Grafs, Wood, or any other Verdure. They now
diredted their Courfe Weft by South, as the Coaft
lies, foon expecting to fee the City of Aden.
When the Captain firft fell with the Land, he
reckoned himfelf not above twenty-four Leagues
Ihort thereof, fuppofing the Ship’s Way over the
Gulf was North-Weft by North; whereas, by
Reafon of the Current, their Courfe was little
other than North : So that at their Fall with the
Land, they were little lefs than threefcore Leagues
Ihort of Aden. They continued coafting the Land
with a good Sail all Day, and a Ihort Sail all
Night, to avoid over-fhooting that Port: They'
had, for moft ot the W ay, twenty-five, twenty,
fifteen, twelve, ten, and eight Fathoms.
WEDNESDAY, at Sun-fetting, being very AJen
near the Mountain, on a fudden they defcried/"'^*
Aden , which is lituate at the Foot of an unfruit¬
ful Mountain, a Place where the Author fhould
fcarce have looked for a Town b : But it is fet
there for Defence. It is very ftrong, and not
eafily to be taken, to Seaward, though it be
in a Manner dry at low Water. There ftands
an high Rock, fomewhat larger than the Tower
of London , which is of difficult Afcent, being
very ftecp. There is but one Way up, by nar¬
row Steps ; fo that four Men might keep down a
Multitude. This Rock is fo walled, flanked, and
furnifhed with Ordnance, that it feems to com¬
mand both Town and Road : Yet one may ride
out of its Reach, in nine Fathom Water, or with¬
in it, from nine Fathom downward. A little to
the North of this Rock, is another, which is low,
almoft even with the Water, and of fmall Com-
pa(s ; whereon is a Fort well furnifhed with Ord¬
nance. The Captain could not learn what Num¬
ber of Soldiers there were in Garifon ; but as
Occafions are, they are drafted from the Inland
Towns. It is fupplied with Provifion, partly from
the adjacent flat Country, and partly from Bar-
bora, a Place oppolite on the Habajhin Coaft ;
from whence their Barks fetch Cattle, with much
Fruit, and Provifion, befides Myrrh, Incenfe, and
other Goods.
AD E N ftands in the Latitude of twelve De- jts Situat
grees thirty-five Minutes ; the Variation twelve
Degrees forty Minutes Wefterly. The Tide, at
Flood, rifes by Eftimation, between fix and feven.
Foot, on the Day of the Moon’s Change; and a
South Eaft by Eaft, or North-Weft by Weft
Moon, make a full Sea. The Mountain, at
whofe Foot the Town ftands, is a Peninfula,
fhooting into the Sea. Toward the Land, there is
firft a narrow Neck of fandy Ground; and bevond
that, a larger fandy T ratft of marfhy Ground, reach¬
ing as far as the Mountains, which may be fix-
teen or twenty Miles from the Town. At their
firft anchoring, the Governor, in the Dufk of
the Evening, fent an Arab in a Canoa, to view
the Ships, who refufed to come aboard.
T HURS DAY Morning, the fame Arab cam zjeakvjyt
aboaid the Admiral, from the Amir c, or Go-d*Turk
vernor, to know what they were ; faying, that
if Friends, they fhould be welcome to land. Up¬
on this, a Prefent was prepa.-ed, confifting of a
Captain Hamilton fays, the Arabs call it Baba Filek. b Yet Aden feems to be the fame Word with
Eden, fignifying, A Place of Pleafure. c In Purchas , Mir. Mir is a Contraction of Amir , much ufed by
Perfian* * and Amir is the fame with Emir , as we have it from the French. From this Word Amir, comes
Admiral, firit introduced in the Time of the Levant Crufades .
Mufket.,
Ity fail
:m Aden.
Voyages of the Englis
Mufket, after the Turkijh Fafhion, engraved ; a
and a Sword-Blade, which was carried by John
Williams, and one Mr. Walter, Linguifts, with
other Fadfors to accompany them. The Turks
rot permitting them to go into the Town, enter¬
tained them without the Gate, near the Water-
fid e ; yet, with great Shew of Joy, pretending
much Kindnefs to their Nation, with whom they
faid they had much Familiarity at Stambol % A-
leppo, and other Places. All this while they men¬
tioned not one Word of Trade, but dropped b
Hints, that they daily expe&ed the Coming
of thirty thoufand Soldiers. It feemed very
ftrange to the Englijb , that fo barren a Country
fhould yield Provifion for fo many People. Per¬
ceiving therefore, that thefe Suggeftions proceed¬
ed from Fear, they were given to underftand,
that the General’s foie Requeft to the Governor
was, that for his Money he might have a Pilot,
to carry his Ships to Mokha. Then he^ b told
them, that he was only Deputy to the Amir, who c
was out of Town, but would be returned next
Morning, whereof (he faid) the General fhould
be informed. He lent Sir Henry a Prefent of
two Barbara Sheep, with broad Rumps, and
fmall Tails j fome Plantains, and other Fruits.
SECT. III.
They leave Aden. Requejl of the Amir for a Ship
to be left. The General confcnts. Pepper-Corn ^
fays behind. Arts to amuje and trapan the Eng-
Jifli. State of Aden. More Turkifh Wiles.
Their Views and Defgn. The Tricks of the ? A-
ga. The Englifh deluded. The Captain's Weak-
nefs.
NEXT Day the General fent again betimes,
to require a Pilot for Mokha : Then they
were brought to the Amir's Houfe, and {till fed
with fair Words ; but the Governor himfelf was
not yet returned. When the Deputy Governor e
heard that their Ships were under Sail, he fent to
requeft the General to leave one Ship at leaft be¬
hind, for their Supply, demanding the Prices of
divers Commodities. This Bait took (although
he fent no Pilot) being heightened with the Men¬
tion of lndico, Ollibanum, Myrrh, and divers o-
ther Things, which they pretended they had to
difpofe of. Before the Meflenger arrived to ac¬
quaint the General with this Requeft, the Englijh
Ships had turned the Point, and not being able to f
get back again, by reafon of the Current, they an¬
chored thwart of a Bay on the South Side of the
Town c.
h to the East Indies.
397
The General perceiving fevfcral People fifhing 1612.
in the Bay, and a great many Perfons of Fafhion D. unton.
on the Hill, went towards Shore in his Pinnace, to
enquire of them, when the Current would change, a
that they might get about. The Deputy Governor/^,
appeared angry at this, pretending that his Com¬
ing was to difeover their Strength ; inromuch
that John Williams was apprehend ve they would
have detained him : But the Amir, who was late¬
ly come to Town, being prefent, feemed not fo
rigorous ; but, diffembling the Matter, fpoke
mildly, and granted a Pilot for Mokha : At the
fame Time he defired, that one of the Ships
might ftay for their Supply, with Commodities;
faying, that the Town, by former Governors ill
Ufage to Strangers, had loft its Trade, which
he endeavoured to reflore again ; and propofed,
by them to make a Beginning. He added, that
in cafe all their Ships fhould depart without tra¬
ding; at his Town, he fhould be blamed by the
Bafha, his Superior, who would impute it to his
ill Ufage of them.
As 'the Englijh underftood by others, that the Tb General
firft Part of his Words was true, they thought
the latter Part true alfo ; fo that the General was
willing to comply with his Requeft, provided
fafe Riding could be found for the Ships againft
the Eafterly Monfn, which is dangerous on this
Coaft : But he, who wifhed their Ruin inftead of
their Safety, made light of this Objedfion. John
Williams was again fent early on Monday to the
Governor for the Pilot, promifed the Night be¬
fore : But he was anfwered, that the Pilot's
Wife would not let him go, unlefs they left four
of the principal Men in the Ships in Pledge
till his Return. This bred in them a great
Difiike, as it {hewed the Inconftancy of the
Turks ; yet the General, more ftri<St to his Promife,
determined to leave the Pepper- Com : But whereas
before the Captain was allowed to have landed
above one fourth Part of the Goods at a Time,
now he was directed to carry none at all : For
fince they would not truft them with one of their
rafcally People, but on fuch difgraceful Terms,
he thought fit not to truft the Turks with any of
their Goods.
In cafe therefore they fhould really' want any of Directions
their Commodities, as they pretended, it wasrefol- fcw
ved, that they fhould buy and pay for them aboard ;
and in cafe their Merchants werefhy of venturing,
without Security, they fhould exchange Pledges
upon a Par, for Number and Quality ; and that
if they did not like this, the Ship fhould immediately
follow the Admiral to Mokha. The fame Day, about
1 Or, Confiantinople.
Antecedent to the Relative.
Town.
b This Perfon, perhaps, was the Arab before-mentioned ; for there is no other
C Rather to the Weft of the Point, or Cape of Aden, out of Sight ot the
39$ Voyages o/ ^ Engli
1612. Noon, the General, with his own Ship and the
Dounton. ^ Darling , departed. At letting out, they defcried
- a Sail in the Offing, which they fuppofed to be a
Guzerat , bound to Mokha : The General, in
hope to procure a Pilot, flood off with her a
while; till perceiving it to be a fmall Craft, he
gave over the Chace, and flood on his Courfe.
The Pepper- TUESDAT, the Pepper- Corn, having laboured
felr-n/aJ'S W‘th long WarPs to Set uf> bot^ againfl Wind
and Current (like Men driving to haflen their
own Misfortunes) at length came athwart the
Fifhing-Bav. The Amir of Aden fent a Boat
and a Mefienger aboard, fignifying his Defire to
fpeak to the Merchants, to know whether they
purpofed to trade with the Town or not. Where¬
upon Mr. Fowler, John JVilliams , and the Pur-
fer (for other Bufinefs) went on Land, where
the Merchants declared to the Amir in what
Manner they were to trade with them. The
Governor not liking that Method, would by no
means agree to deal upon fuch Terms : And as
by this Precaution he faw his Defigns fruftrated,
therefore, for Fear the Ship fhould depart, as
loon as thofe three fhould return aboard, he thought
beft to detain them, by that means to procure
fomething; although he pretended he flopped them
for Anchorage, and other Duties, amounting to
fifteen hundred Venetianos of Gold, at one Ryal
and an half of Eight, each.
Aruua- Before this Town of Aden, the Captain
v.uje, and remaine(j till the fixteenth of December, in con¬
tinual Fear of Storms, which are very common
there during this Monfon. He had taken care to
get the Goods in Readinefs, that nothing might
delay them, in cafe they fhould at length incline
to trade. But this proved to be the leafl of
their Defign : However they daily made ufe of
Artifices to amufe the Englijh, who were in their
Hands, and make them believe they intended to
traffic with them : Sending Meffenger after Mef-
fenger to the General at Mokha, for Licence to
land the Goods ; and pretending, that then the
Merchants would repair to Aden, Ifrom all Parts of
the neighbouring Country. This was faid per¬
haps, becaufe they fufpe&ed the Fa£lors had fent
him Word, that there were none in the Town
able to buy the fame. For the Captain’s Part,
he never could perfuade himfelf to hope for Trade,
or any honed Dealing amongft them.
Trap an the While he lay there, he fent his Pinqace com-
EngJift. monly every two or three Days to Land, with
one or two Men, befides the Cocks Ging % to
know how the Factors did. Thefe were always
courteoufly received: The Soldiers particularly fre¬
quented their Company, treating them with
Drink ; and if any Jew or Bannian over-reck-
s h to the East Indies.
oned them in the Price in any thing, they were lfil2
very ready to do them Juftice. This the Au- Dolton
thor judged to have been done by the Governor’s
Directions; the better to deceive the Englijh , and
induce them to confide in their Flatteries and
Lies, wherein they excel. When any Number of
Soldiers or others came into Town, they would
tell them, that they were Merchants come to fee
if they had landed any of their Goods. The
Factors alfo were for the mod Part kindly ufed,
and many Perfons went to fee them : But then
they were fuch only as the Governor appointed
to carry on his Intrigue ; and at the fame Time
he took Care, that not fo much as an Arab Fcfh-
erman was permitted to go aboard the Ship, led
they fhould give the Captain a true Account of
Things to his Difadvantage.
Captain DOUNTON was informed by thofe state of tt
he fent in the Pinnace, of purpofe to difeover Town.
the Place, that this City had been formerly great
and populous: But that at the Time of his beino-
there, the Houfes, both great and fmall, were
fallen, or gone to Ruin, in every Part of the
Town. There were no Shops with Goods of a-
ny Value, nor any to be met with deferving the
Name of Merchants : For Money feemed to be
very fcarce among them, infomuch, that when¬
ever the Englijh offered a Piece of Eight to change
for Afpers, they ufed to hand it from one to ano¬
ther, gazing at it as a drange Thing.
This Governor’s Time growing near an End, More Tm
he would have been glad, before his Departure, iflj
to have found them fo foolifh as to land fome of
their Goods. He would often commend Captain
Sharpey (who was here in the Afcenfion fixteen
Months before) for the Confidence he put in
them : Saying, that he brought Goods on Land
at once, without Midrufl ; and that he took De¬
light to hear his Trumpets found on the Walls;
that his Men alfo came boldly on Land, like
Merchants ; and that fince the Englijh , who were
then in the Road, did not the like, he doubted
whether they were fo or not. But Captain Doun -
ton took thefe for no other than infnaring De¬
vices, nor could believe, but, that if thofe with
Sharpey trufted much, they repented it afterwards ;
or elfe, being the firft Englijhman who entered
that Port, they poffibly might have let him go ""
away without Injury: But that, fince then they
had taken up another Way of afting.
His Opinion was, that at his firft Coming, Thar View
they were in hopes to buy their Goods without oni Defign,
Money ; and that their Reafon for deliring one
Ship to flay was becaufe they had a better Chance
to work their Ends on one Ship, and thofe of
Mokha , on two Ships, than on three : Both Pla-
* Or, Cock’s Gang.
ces
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
l6l2. ces a&ing for the Benefit of the Bafia. They
5ounton. knew alfo, that the Englijh were ignorant how
tempeftuous, and unfit for Commerce this Win¬
ter-time was ; and that no Ships could flay there
long, Vv’ithout their Favour, if it was only for
want of frefh Water. They confidered that
both Wind and Sea there are exceeding violent ;
and that the Shore being low, there was nothing
to hinder the Force of the SufF and mounting
Billows : Whence they might, with good Reafon,
expert that in little Time the Ship would be dri¬
ven from her Station in nine Fathom, into five
Fathom near the Town, towards the Ifiand, and
under Command of their Ordnance ; from
whence, without their Leave, fhe could not have
put to Sea again. However, left this fhould not
happen, he put on a Shew of Kindnefs, in hopes
by that means, at length, to draw a good many
of the Company afliore, either for Sake of Re¬
creation, or to get Water : And that thus having
gotten a confiderable Number of them in his
Power, he might force them to procure the reft
to bring in the Ship. But indeed he defeated his
own Scheme, by his too much Hafte in flopping
the three Men at firft, which made Captain
Dounton fufpicious and wary ever after.
■jh 2 rich SATURDAY, the Captain wrote, for the firft
tbc Amir. Time, to the General, by a Soldier of Aden ,
who having taken his Inftrudlions from the Go¬
vernor, brought back no Anfwer to him. He
pretended, that the Aga of Mokha promifed to
deliver the Letter ; but having had Occafion to
write to Aden , would not let him flay for the
Anfwer.
THURSDAY, the Governor rode out of Town,
and was abfent till the firft of December . Mean
time the Englijh in Prifon were more hardly ufed.
They had no manner of Favour fhewed them; and
even paid as much for fetching the Victuals, as
the fame coft. They were told that the Amir
was gone, and that a new one was to come in
his Stead. But on Saturday , about Midnight, he
returned, and going to their Prifon, fpoke kind¬
ly to them, and cauied good Provifion to be made
for them at his own Coft : Promifing all Sorts
of Kindnefs, fo foon as they fhould begin to
trade ; and to give them their full Liberty with¬
out Payment of the fifteen hundred Venetianos
formerly demanded. He farther told them, that
the Cuftom fhould be no more than five in the
hundred j that all other Charges fhould be reafon-
abVVand ready Gold paid down for the Goods
that were bought. He therefore defired them to
399
write again to the General, faying, that before 1612.
they had fent a Fool on their Meflage ; but now Dounton.
they fhould fend a Man of their own, who, they - -
might be fure, would bring an Anfwer.
This Day, while the Captain made Shew, as^'Engii/h
if he was preparing to be gone with the Ship, dtludtd'
aboard came a Letter from "John Fowler, to im¬
part to him this joyful News; urging him to
write a-new to the General, for Leave to land the
Goods : But the Captain fays, he might have done
ithimfelf, and would, if he had feen any Likeli¬
hood of Trade or fair Dealing. However, feeing
he had till May to go to Mokha (for fo long the
Eafterly Monfon lafts) and being defirous to hear
from the General, on Monday he difpatched a-
way Mr. Caulker, with a Letter (which he fays
proved a future Grief to him) and for eight Days
after the Perfons on Shore had nothing but Shews
of Kindnefs and good Quarter ; thinking long
till the MelFenger returned, that they might be¬
gin their good Markets.
SATURDAY, the Boatfwain informed the The Ccp~
Captain, that he was in great Want of fmall '*fs wTak-
Cordage; defiling that he and others might go'5'
afhore, while they had Leifure, to make fome,
on the Strand, by the Town-Wall. Hereupon
Captain Dounton fent to entreat the Governor,,
that his People might do the W ork under his
Wall a. This Requeft was readily granted, and
the Men allowed the moft convenient Place they
could find, with a Houfe at Night to lay up their
Tools till next Day. Mean Time the Governor
fet Smiths to make Shackles for the Englijh Pri-
foners, and fome of them were, by Signs, in¬
formed of it : But fufpe&ing nothing then, they
took it only as a Jeft.
WEDNESDAY, in the Afternoon, the Men Twenty Met
who went on Shore, were all betrayed, bound, bc‘r^>
fhackled, and pinioned, and fome put into the
Stocks. All were tortured and grievoufly abufed,.
ftript of their Money, and every thing elfe they
had. The Pinnace was loft, and its Ging gone
amongft the Rope-layers. Amongft thofe taken
were two Merchants, a Purler, and one to at¬
tend on them ; a gadding Apothecary ; the Sur¬
geon, and Mr. Caulker ; the Boatfwain, and one
of his Mates ; two Quarter-Mafters ; the Cooper,
Carpenter, and Gunner’s Mate: Befides the
Cockfwain, and five more of the Cock’s Ging,
in all, twenty Perfons. Some few went for their
Pleafure, the reft to work, excepting the Ging
who were appointed to keep the Pinnace : But
being out of the Captain’s Sight, they did what
a Methinks it was great Weaknefs in the Captain, to put thefe Men in the Governor’s Power, after feeing
how he had ferved three ; and fufpedting that his chief Aim was to draw as many of them as he could on Shore,
jBefides, the defiring to have the Work done near the City-Wall, was enough to alarm the Governor ; there be¬
ing nothing which the Turks are fo jealous of, as infpetting their Fortifications. The Captain found alfo that
the General’s going towards Shore at the Cape, Was taken ill, though at a great Diftance from the Town.
5iivjs
4°o
1612.
Dounton.
wyo
He leave i A
dsa.
yfrrivei at
Rlokha.
Voyages of A English
they lifted ; and t'neBoatfwain Teemed to want their a
to the East Indies.
Help about his Ropes.
MONDAY, the Captain fet Sail out of the
Soutbermoft Road of Aden , direfting his Courfe
towards Mokha through the Streights of Bah al
tnandel, in the Entrance of the Red-Sea ; which
is diftant from Aden , Weft by South, thirty-two
Leagues.
Is told of
SECT. IV.
He leaves Aden. Arrives at Mokha.
Sir Henry’j Misfortune. Extent of Yaman.
Governor of Mokha’r Malice , and enfnaring
Arts. Device to draw the General ajhore. His
Shews of Friendjhip. Englilh feized and Jlain
at Land. Turks killed aboard the Darling.
Chambers ventures ajhore. Pemberton’r EJ-
cape.
CT’HURSDAY, at four in the Morning, the Moon
was eclipfed ; and at one in the Afternoon, they
pa{fed the Bab , or Streight, being half a League
over. There is in the mid ft ten Fathom Water,
and towards each Side, eight, fix, or four Fathom
Depth, according as you approach it : The Length
of the Channel is about two Miles, and through
it there fets a good ftrong Tide, both Ebb and
Flood. They had, on the Starboard Side, a
Mountain and rocky Peninfula joined totheCoaft
[of Arabia ] which is low Land by a narrow Neck
of Sand ; and on the Larboard Side, a low rocky
Land, about five Leagues a long, from Eaft to
Weft. Between the Weft End thereof, and the
Habajhin Co, aft, for ought the Captain could dif-
cern, was a clear Channel, three, or near four,
Leagues broad : But he thinks not much ufed by
the Water being deep, and not fit for
befides the other is the nearer Way.
W hen they had paffed the Bab , in as much as they
were ignorant of the Diftance of Mokha from
thence, or in what Manner it was fituated, they
kept along the Arab Coaft, in between nine and
ten Fathoms ; and at Night-Fall, anchored in
eight Fathom, nine Leagues within the Bab , a-
gainft a little Mount (landing alone by the Sea-
fide.
FRIDAY, at fix in the Morning, they fet
Sail, (landing along North, and North by Weft,
as their Depths directed them, in between nine
and feven Fathoms ; and, at laft, between fix
and four Fathoms, when they came to have the
Shoals without them. As they drew near Mokha ,
which (lands eighteen Leagues within the Bab, on
the Verge of a low, Tandy, barren Ground, they
anchoring
perceived their Admiral riding alone, about four 1612
Miles off at Sea, in fix Fathom, with two [An- Dcnntor
chors] Shot a-head, by reafon of theVehemenceof
the Weather. Their Pinnace lay manned along by
the Ship’s Side, with Mr. Thornton, the Mailer,
in it ; but durft not put off till the Pepper-Corn
was thwart them, for fear they (hould not reco¬
ver their own Ship again, by reafon of the Wind
and Current. Being fomewhat near, they pulled
down their Flag; whereby Captain Dounton un-
derftood that fome Misfortune had befallen the
General. As foon as he had anchored, Thornton ,
with the Pinnace, came aboard ; where, after
giving Vent to his Grief, he gave the Captain an Jj'jf u
Account of all that had happened fince they part- ‘
ed at Aden b. They had a quick Paflage from A-
den to Mokha , running all that Way in thirty
Hours: But in entring the Road, the Ship ran a-
ground, and (luck fo fad, with her Bilge on
the (hoaleft of the Banks, that notwithlland-
ing the great Sea, by Force of the Wind, her
Head and Stern being in deep Water, fhe did
heave and fet without any dangerous Striking. In
lightening the Ship they were obliged to truft the
Turks , who omitted nothing to prevent their
Doubt of being welcome. Mr. Laurence Femel
Teemed mod fearful, for he fpeedily carried all
his Things to Land in a private Boat, leaving
nothing of his own in the Ship that he regarded.
It mufl be observed, that this Part of Arabia ,
from Eaft ward of Aden, up the Red-Sea to Ka - aaWn’
mar an, w’hich is threefcore and ten Leagues above
Bab al mandel (but the Captain knows not how far
within Land) is called the Land of Yaman c ; and
was then governed by one Jajfar d Bajha , who
refided in the City of Zenan , which they reckon
from Mokha fifteen Days moderate Journey :
Captain Dounton thinks they go and come by
Poll in that Time. The Governors of Aden
and Mokha (which laft is the better Place, as there
is a greater Refort of Ships) are appointed by him
annually. At that Time one Rejib Agac, who
had been his Slave, was Governor of Mokha ,
being removed from Aden, where he commanded
the Year before, when Captain Sbarpey wasthere;
and becaufe he was a beneficial Knave to his
Mafter, he was preferred to a better Place.
At their firft Arrival, he Tent to acquaint his Gcvemr
Mafter, and procure his Directions how to deal
with them. Mean while he laid his Scheme,
and prepared to put it in Execution. For thisPur-
pofe he drew into Mokha , out of the neighbour¬
ing Country and Blands, a fufficientNumber of
Soldiers ; and to prejudice them againft the Eng-
a As he mud mean the Illand, it (hould be but five Miles. b This Part we have much contracted, to
avoid Repetitions, and great Superfluities of Stile ; only retaining fuch Things as either fupply or illuflrate Sir
I-/ .... ^ a A m i. r T m LJ . . / j t . I- A \ ^ 1 ^ /t* „ \ a
Henry's Account. c In Purcbas, Yeoman.
among the Lurk, is much the fame as a Colonel with us.
d In the fame Author, Jeff or.
An Aga,
V o y a g e 6 cf the E n g l i s h to the East Indies.
1612. reprefented them as Pirates and Cbrijtians
Dounton. (whom they confider as great Enemies to their
■f* v— ^ holy Prophet Mohammed, ) come to difcover how
to ruin the holy Houfes of their God at Mekka
and Medina ; adding, that they fhould do Angu¬
lar Service to God, and their Country, in deftroy-
ing them. To whet their Appetites the more, he
allured them, that there were Riche3 enough a-
board the Ships to make both them and their
Country -happy, provided they did but behave
themfelves valiantly when Occafion ferved.
hihjnar - Me a n while, the Englijl) miftrufting no Harm,
J . * hired a Houfe, and fitted it up, preparing, againft
the Return of the Bafia’s Anfwer, for Sale of
their Commodities. On the other Hand, the Aga
flattered them with a Profufion of fair Promifes
and outward Shews of Favour ; yet, at the fame
Time, often flily infinuated his Surprife, that a
Ship of fo great Burthen Ihould carry fo fmall a
Quantity of Merchandize ; and was perpetually
fending Boats for Goods, after the Ship was a-
float, and even after Order was given, that no
more Ihould be landed, till farther Occafion.
He was fo greedy to get all into his Clutches,
that the poor Arab Barque-men feemed afraid to
return without Lading. But when he found there
was no more to be had for that Time, he went
another Way to work. He informed the Mer¬
chants, that it was cuftomary for the Captains
of all Ships, which came there to trade, to re¬
ceive the Grand Signor’s Veft for their better Se¬
curity : Saying, that once they appeared thus
cloathed in Publick, no Man durft offer them
the leaft Injury ; and that therefore, unlefs the
Captain came on Shore and accepted thereof, he
Ihould never think him the Great Turk's Friend,
nor believe his Meaning was good ; and, confe-
quently, Ihould fcruple to let him trade, left,
being a Man of War, he Ihould do Mifchief in
the Country by Means of that Indulgence.
-vi:eto The .Ship was moored in a Place, from
whence in lefs than feven or eight Months there
was no returning. Violent Storms were there very
frequent, the Seas dangerous and untried, no Place
of more Comfort known to them ; nor any Man
permitted to come near them, who either could
or would inform them of the Dangers that were
impending, or the contagious Weather that was
to enfue. And thus they feemed to lie intirely at
the Mercy of the Turks ; excepting, that they
wanted to have the General in their Power,
which was what they next aimed at. Mr. Feme l
acquainted Sir Henry with what the Aga faid ; and
farther gave him to underftand, that the Com¬
pany’s Bufinels would be quite at a Stand with¬
out his Prefence on Shore. Hereupon the Ge¬
neral, notwithftanding the little Reliance he had
on the Faith of the lurks in foreign Places ; and
Ins Loathnefs to run any Hazard of .the Kind,
Vol. I. ,N° 20.
a confidering the whole Succefs of the Voyage de* 1612.
pended upon his Safety, yet, fince the Affairs of Dounton.
the Merchants feemed to require his Prefence on “v"-—
Land, he refolved to go.
But before he went, Mr. Feme! came aboard Tb* General
to informed him of what was neceflary to beaA'''e*
done preparatory to his landing : Yet at the In-
ftant Sir Henry Middleton was about to enter the
Boat, (whether heobferved any fufpiciousWhifpCr-
ing amongft the Turks , or promoted the Gene-
b ral’s landing, only to ftand betwixt him and
Danger that might happen, or was feized with
fome fudden Apprehenfion of Fear, incidental to
faint-hearted People) he would willingly have
ftaid aboard ; but being Cape-Merchant, and
fwaying the buying and felling, could not be
fpared, and fo went with the General afhore.
Sir HENRY] at landing, was met by the
Governor and principal Men of the Town ; after
which he was conducted to the Governor’s Houfe,
c where a rich Veft of Cloth of Gold being put
on his Back, he mounted a Horfe very richly
furnifhed, the Governor holding the Bridle all
the while.
The Proteftation and Shews of Friendfhip HhSi/vn
from the Aga , which followed this Ceremony,
were enough to deceive any Man, who was not a
Deceiver himfelf. Sir Henry finding Civilities
from the Governor increafe every Day, at length
defired Leave to fet up his Pinnace, which was
d readily granted ; the Aga faying, that the Coun¬
try was before' him to do whatsoever he pieafed in
it. Hereupon the General caufed all the necef-
fary Materials to be brought to Land, with h:s
Carpenters, Smiths, and others, to fet about the
Work ; and that it might be the fooner difpatch-
ed, he ftaid on Shore himfelf taking up his Quar¬
ters in the Houfe, with his Attendants and Fur¬
niture, which alfo caufed many more to refort
on Land, than otherwife would have done.
e The twenty-eighth of November , Rejib Aga's Englift
Plot growing to Ripcnefs, and receiving Strength ^arjp-.n.
from the Directions of his Matter, J offer Bafad%
he fent the General Word in the Afternoon,
that he had received fuch good News from the
Bajhd , concerning their Bufinefs, that he could
not forbear to let him know fo much, although
he referved the Particulars till he had an Oppor¬
tunity to communicate them. This feemed to
be done to make Sir Henry more fecure : But in
f the Evening, inftead of good News from the
Bajhd, he fent his Soldiers to fet upon the Engli/h
with Iron Maces. They knocked down the Ge¬
neral, Mr. Pemberton , the Merchants, and all
the reft who were at that Time on Shore, killing
eight of them ; w’ho, fufpeCting no Danger amidtt
fuch Tokens of Kindnefs, were unarmed. They
imprifoned the General, with forty-eight of his
Company, and Mr. Pemberton , with nine of his ;
F f f * potting
402 Voyages oj the E n o l i s h to the East Indies.
1612.
D uot in.
Turks killed
aboard the
Darling.
Chamte's
ventures a-
Jhot e,
putting Fetters on their Necks, Hands, and Feet, a
After that, they fent three great Boats full of Sol¬
diers to furprife the Darling , which rode nearer the
Town than the Trade' s-Increafe^ by two or three
Miles. The Crew, ignorant of what had happen¬
ed at Land, and feeing a Boat coming aboard,
imagined it to be their own : But prefently
defcrying two more making towards them, and
all full of People, they began to miftruft fome
Treachery.
The Turks coming aboard, and feeing none t
of the Crew ftirring, deemed themfelves abfolute
Mafters of her, murdering theTrumpeter, whom
they found afleep above Deck : But, in the End,
thefe Intruders were difpofleffed, and with the
Lofs of only two Men more, twenty-feven- of the
Turks were {lain and drowned, whereof the Ad¬
miral of the Town, who was their Leader, was
one. Having cleared themfelves of the Enemy,
they cut their Cable, and, fetting fail, anchored by
the Trade's- Increafe ; whofe Company knew no- <
thing of what had happened to her till fhe came
up. But her Information came luckily in Time
to fave one third more of the Admiral’s Men,
who were juft then going on Shore in the Boat,
fome to fill Water, and others forPleafure. The
fame Morning, thofe in the Darling found, on
her Gallery, one of the Turkijh Soldiers left be¬
hind, whom they carried Prifoner aboard the
Trade' s- Increafe.
From this twenty-eighth of November , they (
heard no News from the General till the Middle
of December , by Reafon of the continual Storms :
But the fifteenth, John Chambers , one of the
Trade's Quarter-Mailers, with a Flag of Truce,
went on Shore, where he found Sir Henry and
the reft in Chains, as aforefaid ; fo that one could
not go afide to eafe himfelf, but the reft in a
Row muft go with him : Yet he brought back
Hopes of the Enlargement of all, excepting the
General and Mr. Femel , who were to be fent up
to Zenan to the Bajha. The feventeenth, he
went again on Shore, after the fame Manner,
carrying certain Provifions, and other Neceffaries,
for the Relief of the General, and the reft. He
returned with Variety of News, but none good.
Thus much the Captain learned from Mr. Thorn¬
ton.
The twenty- firft, in the Afternoon, the Cap¬
tain fent a Letter by Chambers to acquaint the
General with his Misfortunes at Aden. Sir Henry ,
in Return, gave him a brief Account of his own.
He alfo advifed him, by all Means, to get out of
this Sea, and ftay at Aden , till he had heard what
became of them : He added, that he had fent
the Darling to ply toward Aden> to give him
Notice of his being betrayed, and prevent his
coming to Mokha ; and that he and fix more
were to take their Journey, next Day, towards 1615
Zenan. Dounto
The twenty-fecond, the General fet forth 1
with his fmall Company, the Carpenters (who^^erm
wrought ftill, though chained, upon their Pin¬
nace for the Bajha ) and the difabled Men re¬
mained behind in their Fetters. He was attend¬
ed by a ftrong Guard of Soldiers, to prevent any
from making their Efcape: Yet, the fame Even¬
ing, notwithftanding their Circumfpedlion, Mr.
» Pemberton dipt afide among the Bufhes ; and
making as much Hafte as he could, being fick
and weak, got, at length, to the Water-fide.
Here, by good Luck, he found a Canoa, with
a Paddle in her, into which he got; and although
he was much tired with running, yet he put off
to Sea, chufing rather to truft himfelf to the
Mercy of the Waters, than of the Turks. He
became fo fatigued, in the Morning, with Row¬
ing, that he was obliged to give over, and had
: nothing to refrefh himfelf, but his own Water:
But luckily, foon after, thofe on board the Trade' s-
Increafe having deferied a Canoa in the Offing ,
which feemed to drive, it being reafonably fair
Weather, fire fent off her Pinnace, and, to their
Surprife, found it to be Mr. Pemberton , whom
they brought aboard, fcarce able to fpeak through
Faintnefs.
From this Day, to the twenty-feventh, the
Weather continued, for the moft Part, boifte-
1 rous and ftormy. The fame Day, the Darling
having been difabled, by the Lofs of her Anchor
and Cable, from executing the General’s Orders
before-mentioned, returned to Mokha Road.
SECT. V.
The Fleet fails towards the Babs. Taken with bad
Weather. Lofe their Anchors. Return to Mo¬
kha. A Port difeovered. Aflab Road. The
Captain lands : Is kindly received. Letter from
Sir Henry, to forbear Hojlilities. Hopes of his
Releafe. Fie returns to Mokha ; and moff of the
Men are fent aboard.
TH E fecond of January , it proving fair Satfto-
Weather, the three Ships left Alokha Road, r'
intending to ply towards Bab al Mandel : Firft,
for Eafe of their Ground-tackle, which, through
long boifterous Weather, was much decayed ;
next, to feek a Watering-place, for Want wherc-
f of they were much diftrefied ; and, thirdly, in
order from thence to flop the Paffage of all the
Indian Ships entring this Sea, thereby to conftrain
the Turks to releafe the General, People, and
Goods. They firft flood over to the Habajhin
Coafl; where, having left the Darling , to look for
her Anchor and Cable formerly loft, the Trade' s-
Increafe and Pepper-Corn plied up to Windward :
5
I
*
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
But having fcarce any [Wind] aboard, and the a Pieces of Ordnance, as a Sign of good News ;
■ 6'
'ounttn.
Itn with
i ft their
'■ihjrit
better [to avoid Danger] in the Evening anchor
ed on the Arab Side in eight Fathom, about
three Leagues to the Windward of Alokha, and
four Miles from Shore.
The third, in the Morning, they fet fail,
,4 Weather, wJth the Ebb working to Windward, the Wind
fo increafing, that the Pepper- Corn fpent her two
Top- fails; but before two new ones could be
brought to the Yard, Night approached. They
were then more than half Way over to the Ha-
bajhin Coaft, wheie the Captain defigned to ftop ;
in order, next Morning, if the Weather proved
fair, to take the Darling with him. Between
eight and nine, at Night, getting into fixteen
Fathom, they anchored in fail Ground, as they
thought, the Trade s- Incr eaft ? fomewhat to the
Northward. As towards Morning the Wind in-
creafed with a churlifh Sea, and cloudy dark
W eather, they loft Sight of the Trade1 s- Incr eafe ;
which, in the Interim, broke an Anchor, and
driving let fall another ; which driving likewife
from fixteen to fix Fathom, they were forced to
cut away a to flat the Ship’s Head to the Offwards,
to prevent farther Danger.
The fourth of January , towards Day, they
of the Pepper-Corn , preparing to weigh their An¬
chor, the Ship fuddenly drove from fixteen to
eighteen Fathom ; and before they could flat their
Ship’s Head to the Offwards, had lefs than fix
Fathom ; which foon increafed to eight, ten, &c.
They then faw the Trade’s- Incr eafe ftanding over
towards Mokha , and William Pemberton in the
Darling , riding in an eafy Road. The Captain
would gladly have gone to her for Eafe to his
Ground-tackle : However, not knowing but the
Trade’ s- Incr eafe might ftand in Need of his Car¬
penters, he bore up that Way ; but the Weather
being rigorous, in haftening after her, hefplit both
his new Top- fails, which were fowed, it feems,
with rotten Twine, as all her Sails for the moft
Part were.
Bv this Means it became Night before he got
into the Road ; where, prefently being informed
of the Trade’ s- Incr eafe’ s Misfortune, he fent his
Carpenters aboard to ftock fome other Anchors.
From the fixth to the eleventh, there every Day
came Canoes from the Town, bringing Letters
from the Carpenters, with Variety of News,
forged by the Aga , who permitted their fending,
the rather for that commonly it was to get Wine
or Beer, wherewith they treated the Turks ; and
fometimes they fent a little frefh Viftuals, ac¬
cording as they had wherewithal to buy, or were
allowed to fend aboard.
The twelfth, the Darling returned into Mo¬
kha Road, faluting the Pepper-Corn with three
403
1613.
and Mr. Pemberton inftantly coming aboard, in- Dju ito;'.
formed the Captain, that he had found a very
good Watering-place, and eafy Road for their
Ships ; and that he had alfo recovered his Anchor
and Cable.
The eighteenth,
in the Morning,
there came
: turn to
okha.
Port dif-
I tredt
People from Mckba> who brought two Bullocks,
two Goats, fome Hen’s Eggs, and Fruit, but no
News from the General. At one, in the After-
b noon, they fet fail, ftanding over to th c Habaforn
Coaft ; and at Night anchored three Leagues ftiort
of it under an Ifland, which they called Crab
Ifland, from the abundance of great Crabs there¬
on.
The nineteenth, they weighed again, and Affab Road,
ftanding nearer into the Bay, anchored under a
leffer Ifland. Next Day, they ftood farther in,
and anchored right againft the Watering-place,
half a Mile from Shore, in eight Fathom Water,
c The Captain fent George Jejfe before, in the Pin¬
nace, to feek out the River, and fee if he could
fpeak with any of the Inhabitants. He had no
fooner landed, but there appeared, at leaft, an
hundred of the Country People armed with
Lances. One of whom, coming up to the Eng -
lift), not only talked with them, but alfo defired
to fee the Ship. At his firft coming aboard, he
informed Captain Dounton , by his Interpreter,
that the Turks had fent Word to his Countrymen,
d how they had betrayed and murdered feveral of
the Englijby and exhorted them to do the like to
as many as they could lay Hands on. This
young Man was the Son of a Perfon of Note,
and was very kind to the Englijh all the Time
they were in the Bay : He lay this Night aboard
the Trade’s- Incr eafey where he was entertained
much to his Satisfaction.
The twenty-firft. Captain Dounton, with all The Captain
the Boats, and moft of the Men, went on Shore, lamh-
e fetting fome to dig Wells, fome to fetch Ballaft,
others to fill Water out of a little Well, they
found ready made ; and the reft, w7ho were arm¬
ed, to guard thofe at Work. Soon after, there
came the Prieft, with the Father and Brethren
of the young Man, who prefented the Captain
with a Goat : He, in Return, gave them four
Shirts belonging to the Company, which they
very kindly received ; promifing to bring feme
Goats next Day to fell. 1 he Captain, on Ac¬
count of the Ufage the General and his Men had
met with, having learned to truft none farther
than needs muft, continued afliore all Night with
a ftrong Guard, to fee that no Harm Ihould be
done to the Water, and next Morning fet the
Men to Work as the Day before : But by Reafon
of the boifterous W eather, none of the Natives
* Or, cut the Cable.
F ff 2
•came
4°4
1613.
Dour, ten-
Kindly re-
caved.
Letter from
Sir Henry,
'To forbear
Jlojiiitm.
Voyages of the Eng:
cams near them: He continued afhore this Night
alfo with a ftrong Watch.
The twenty-third, there came the fame Men,
who had been here the other Day ; and after
them followed fome others, driving Goats to fell,
as they had promifed, which the Captain caufed
the Purfer to buy. In the Evening they depart¬
ed very well fatisficd with the Entertainment he
gave them ; promifing, every Day, to bring
down more. This Day they made an End of
Watering. From the twenty-fourth, to the twen-
ty-fixth, they brought down, every Day, both
Goats and Sheep, whereof they bought according
to their Occafions.
The twenty-ninth, the Wind being at North
North- Weft, the Captain fet fail with the three
Ships for the Bab , with a Defign to ftop all the
Indian Veftels that this Year fhould enter this Sea,
thereby to force the Turks to deliver the General
and the reft : But being abreaft of Crab Ifland,
it fell calm, the Tide fetting right on the Ifland.
The Captain refolving to make the beft Ufe he
could of this Time, fo foon as they had anchored,
went afhore; accompanied with Meff'rs. Thornton
and Pemberton , and moft of the Men, whom he
appointed to cut Wood. This Afternoon they
defcried two Jelba’ s crofting over from Mokha ;
one whereof came directly aboard the Trade s-
lncreafe , bringing the Captain a Letter from his
General, dated the fifteenth of 'January , inform¬
ing him of his fafe Arrival at Zenan , with all his
Company, excepting Richard Phillips , Mr. Pem¬
berton’s Youth, whom he left very lick at a Place
called Tayez*, and defiled to be informed, whe¬
ther Mr. Pemberton had efcaped aboard or not,
for that he feared the Arabs (attending on their
Aftes) had murdered him, for Sake of the Afs
he rode on. As to his Enlargement, he obferved,
that the fair Promifes made him, on that Head,
were only Delufions.
This Letter being kept unfent till the feven-
teenth, farther mentioned, that Mr. Fowler and
the reft of the Pepper-Corn’s Company were fafe-
Jy arrived at Zenan from Aden ; and that God b
had raifed him feveral Friends from the midft
of his Enemies, and among the reft the Kiahya c
himfelf, who is next in Degree to the Bajhd.
Sir Henry likewife advifed him not to ftop the
Indian Ships, becaufe as yet the Turks had no juft
Caufe of Complaint againft him ; and that might
furnifh them with a Handle, not only to ufe him
and his Company ill, but to hurt the Englijh
Trade in the Mediterranean. He added, that the
Bajhd had taken upon himfelf the Blame of Rejib
lish to the East Indies.
a Aga’s treacherous Dealing and Murder of tht 1 613.
Englijh , by faying all was done by his Order. Dountor
The Captain returned an Anfwer to this Letter '—■v**
by the fame Meflenger, acquainting him, among
other Things, that Mr. Pemberton had got fafe
on board ; and that they had found out a fecure
Road and Watering-place on the Habajhin Coaft,
juftoppofite to Mokha, and about thirteen Leagues
diftant, where they had Refrelhing pretty cheap.
The feventh of February , Mr. Thornton, in ttopno/k
b the Trade’ s-Increafe, returned to the Road of
Ajfab , bringing with him a Letter from the Ge¬
neral, dated the twenty-fifth of February , where¬
in he defired Captain Dounton ftill to forbear
taking Revenge on the Turks ; informing him,
that his Affairs were in a very hopeful Situation,
and that five Days after, he and all his Company
fhould fit out on their Return to Mokha. The
Letter gave an Account alfo of the Death of
Richard Elmefmere , of the Trade’ s- Increafe, and
c John Baker , one of the Captain’s Quarter-Maf-
ters.
The firft of March , he fent the Pinnace to
the Town, with the Purfer, and the faid Alt* ;
who, in their Way, found a Place of better Wa¬
ter defcending from the Mountains : But this laft-
ed no longer than the Rains within Land. After
buying a few Goats and Sheep, they returned ;
and, in the Evening, defcried a Boat coming
over from Mokha , which, next Day, came a-
d board the Trade’ s-Increafe, bringing Captain Doun¬
ton a Letter from the General ; wherein he ac¬
quainted him with his Journey, being delayed
by the approaching Feftival of the Turks ; but
that, to make amends, he fhould, by that Means,
have the Shah Bandar of Mokha’ s Company,
which would make his Return more fafe and
pleafant. He likewife defired the Captain to for¬
bear Revenge, and that the Carpenters might
proceed no farther in Building the Pinnace ; in
e regard, the Bajhd intended her for his own Ufe.
The fifth, Captain Dounton fent the Darling He return
over to Mokha , to hear News from his General ; Mokha”
who, the fame Day, arrived with all his Com¬
pany from Zenan. She found, in the Road, a great
Ship of Dabul , called the Mohammed.
The eleventh, the Captain fearing fome Dif-
after might have befallen the Darlings by reafon
of her long Abfence, fet fail with the Trade’ s-
Increafe and Pepper-Corn , to go for Mokha : But
f before he had gotten fo far as Crab Ifland, fhe
came in Sight. Wherefore the Wind falling, he
returned to Ajfab , and, for that the Wind fhortned
upon them, fent Mr. Thornton , in the Pinnace,
3 In Purchas, Fycs. b It was the God Mammon, according to Sir Henry's Account elfe where : For which
Favour he paid, or was to have paid, a large Sum. See before, p. 370 b, and e. c In Purchas, Raha.
d In Purchas , Alle : But no fuch Perfon is mentioned before ; which lh&ws fomething has been omitted, relating
to him ; doubtlefs, by the Colle&or.
5
lo
Voyages of the Englii
l6l5. to inquire News. In the Evening-, MefTrs. Pern- a
tounton.’ berton and Thornton, with twenty-two of the
Trade s-lncreaj'e's Company, and fourteen of the
Pepper- Corn's, betrayed at Mokha and Aden,
came over the Point of the Ifland, bringing the
Captain a Letter from the General ; wherein he
acquainted him with the Afiurances given him
of Enlargement, fo foon as the Indian Ships of
this Year were all arrived, and the Weflerly
Winds returned ; that the faid Phillips having
been feduced by the Turks, with Threats, to turn t
Mohammedan, had been detained at Tayez ; and
that none of the Captain's Letters had been de¬
livered to him. He farther defired Mr. Dounton s
Opinion, whether it was better for him to make
"his Efcape aboard, if he could, or to remain at the
Turks Devotion a : And required, that the next
Ship, which he fent to Mokha, might be the
Pepper -Corn. Purfuant to this Order, the
Captain fet fail with the Pepper- Corn for Mo¬
kha ; but being near over it fell calm, and a Tide i
to Leeward, he was forced to anchor in twenty
Fathom Water, on a Bank they found three
Leagues from the Road. In the Evening there
came a Canoa from Shore, to know what they
were ; taking her, in the hazy Weather, for an
Indian Ship.
SECT. VI.
The Captain croffes over to Mokha. The General’s
Letter to him. He returns to Allah. The Ge¬
neral ejeapes aboard. Shifting Wind. Satis¬
faction obtained. The General comes to Allah.
Sails toward Kamaran, in FJueJl of the Suez
Ship, without Succefs . The Fleet leaves Allah.
It Captain H E nineteenth, in the Morning, the Wind
L fet over at South, the Captain flood into the Road,
Mokha, w here, as yet, there was only the great Dabul V elTel,
abovementioned : But before he came to Anchor,
the General fent his Man aboard, with a Letter,
to acquaint him, that he fhould be obliged to
fend him away very fuddenly, for that his Com¬
ing having terrified the Dabullians , the Aga was
difcontented at it. Hereupon Dounton fent Jejfe
in the Pinnace afhore, with two Letters : One
briefly fetting forth their Wants aboard, as well
as his Opinion of the Turks ; alledging that they
were fo accuflomed to Falfhood, no Performance
of Promifes was to be expedted from them ; that
they fed Sir Henry with fair Words only, to ferve
their Turns; and having the Goods on Land
h * East Indies. 4°5
regarded not the empty Ships. The other Let- 1613.
ter was defigned, if he thought fit, to (hew the Dount-n.
Aga', wherein the Captain made Shew of refufing
to obey his Commands: Infilling, that fo long as
he was detained Prifoner, his Power extended
not over them who were at Liberty ; and that
therefore they would not be rellrained by his
Orders from coming into the Road of Mokha ,
nor in any thing elfe further than they thcmfelves
thought convenient. To thefe Letters the Ge¬
neral wrote the following Anfwer.
Captain Dounton,
OUR over-much Care may work your own Oenernft
Harms, and do me and my Company no Good \ La"' ,<rt'
therefore take nothing to Heart more than may be
necejfary ; for I have had, and fill have, my full
Share of Vexation : And whereas you alledge , that
you are loath to leave this Road without me, I am more
loath to tarry behind, if there was any Remedy. I
z made a forced Agreement with the Bafha at Aenan,
that the Ships Jhould alfent themfelves out of this
Road, till all the Indian Ships were come in ; and
then at the firjl corning of the IVeJlerly Winds , both
I and all my Company Jhould be fet free. If they
fail to perform with me, then I would have you Jhew
your Endeavours. In the mean Time you mujl have
Patience , as well as myfelf. I would be loath the
Agreement Jhould be firjl broken on our Side, with¬
out any Caufe given by them. As for the Provifion
d that Jhould be fent in the Jelba, it was my Fault it
was not fent, in that I did not urge it to the Aga.
After your Departure To-morrow, as I defire you to
fee performed, I will go in hand with the Lading of
the Goods in the Jelbas, which Jhall not be. above
three Days abfent from you. I have promt fed the
Ships Jhall not come into the Road till the Wefierly
Winds be come, which will be a Month hence at the
forth efi : In the mean Time you Jhall hear from me
by Jelbas, or Boats, which I will fend of Purpofe.
e I doubt not but there will be good Performance
made with me by the Turks, in that my Agreement
was made with the Bafha, and not with Rejib A-
ga. If I doubted any new Stratagem , I would
have attempted to have efcaped away before this
Time. I have had, and Jlill have. Means for my
Efcape , were it not to leave my People in Danger
of their Lives : Doubt not , if they perform not with
me, when the IVeJlerly Winds come , but I Jhall have
good Opportunity. I had laid a Plot to have efca¬
ped, if I could have ferfuaded Mafier Femel b ;
but he will , by no Means, be drawn to any thing.
a That is, till the Time for his Releafement was expired. This Ihews Sir Henry had no Inclination to Hand
to his Agreement from the firft ; for he had, at this Time, no Caufe to doubt the Performance, whatever he
might have had afterwards. b This confirms the Remark made before, that he meditated an Efcape from
the firft : But methinks it was not prudent, if juftifiable, to run the Hazard of an Attempt,
juft before, that he did not doubt the Performance of the Turkijb Promifes; unlefs it be fuppofed, notwithitand-
ing what he fays, that he was as timorous as Mr. Femel. ^
Voyages of the English to the E a st Indies'
till be fee whether the Turks will perforin or not. a
He wakes no doubt but to be fent aboard with the
' firJl °f the JVeJlerly Winds, when you ffall come to
demand us. You may ride in your quiet Road-flead
on the other Side , with all your Ships , till God fend
us that long wijhed-for Wejlerly JVind , unlefs you
get a Slatch of JVind to carry one of your Ships to
the Bab, to fee if all be well there , and fo return
back to you. I know that all Sorts of Provifions
wajle apace , in all the Ships , which , God fending
me aboard , 1 hope quickly to renew. b
tu returni to The twenty-feventh, Captain Dounton [ha-
.fUlab. ving crofted over to AjfaV\ according to the Ge¬
neral’s Requeft, fent the Darling to Mokha , for
the Purpofe aforefaid. The twenty-ninth and
thirtieth, the Badwis a brought down both Goats
and Sheep to fell : And on the firft, fecond, and
third of April , Bullocks alfo. Next Day the
Darling returned from Mokha , but the Wind
taking her fhort, fhe was forced to anchor to c
the North, or Leewards of the Road of Affab ,
till the fixth ; when the Wind coming more large,
fhe entered the Road, and anchored near the
Trade’ s-Incre aft, to deliver the Victuals, and o-
ther Provifions, which had been fo long detain¬
ed by the Turks. She alfo brought the Captain a
very kind Letter from the General.
The feventh,the Darling plied up to an Bland,
where the Pepper-Corn rode (which becaufe they
killed mod Cranes on it, they called Crane IJland) d
in order to be careened. From this Day to the
twelfth, the Company landed the Goods and
Victuals, and unrigged her; mean Time fome
belonging to the Trade’ s-Increafe were gathering
of Breming.
^ The twenty-firfl, the King of Rahayta b fent
Captain Dounton a Prefent, of a fine Cow and
a Slave, by a Kinfman of his, who continued
aboard all Night.
The thirtieth, the Trade’ s-lncreafe was heild- e
ed and trimmed on both Sides, fo far as conve¬
niently might be; and they filled twenty-nine
1 uns of Water, which was very clear.
i he fourth and fifth of May , they trimmed
all their Boats, the Weather being reafonably
fair, and the Wind at South South-Eaft. The
ieventh and ninth, the Badwis brought down a
large Number of Sheep and Goats ; but for want
of Cloth they bought very few, befide three Bul¬
locks, which they gave Money for. f
’The Generals Th E eleventh, the General made his Efcape
aboard the Darling , with fifteen more of his
Company ; and next Day fent the Pinnace with
a Letter, giving the Captain an Account thereof;
and defying him forthwith to repair over to Mo- i6iq.
kha, with the other two Ships. This Diredlion Dounton*
he immediately put in Execution : But before his'—— v— *
Arrival, the General had ftruck fuch Terror
among his Enemies, the Turks, that no Boat
durft go from Shore, aboard any of the Indian
Ships, or from the Ships to Shore, without afk-
ing his Leave, and making known their Bufinefs:
So that now Rejib Aga began to change his Note,
and reconcile himfelf with Sir Henry , by means
of Prefents, and the Intervention of Nakhada c
Mohammed , and others of the General’s beft
briends, for fear he fhould revenge the Injuries
done him. He likewife, on this Occafion, ca-
reffed Mr. Fernel ; and before his going on board
invited him to his Houfe, where he eat and drank
with him. At parting, the Aga, with a fmiling
Countenance, faid, they might poffibly meet a-
gain at Stambol. This had Reference to Mr.
Fernel’ s threatening formerly to make his Com¬
plaint there, which ftuck in the Aga’ s Stomach.
The fame Night (being the twenty-fixth) repair¬
ing aboard, he feemed overjoyed : But three Days
after, about two in the Morning, ended his Life,
not without Sufpicion of Poifon, which was the
Opinion of the Surgeons who opened him :
Whereupon the General embargoed all the Ships.
The fiifl of June , in the Evening, they had StifingWau
a very Prong Guft of Wind, which was fo hot
it almoft fuffocated them; it alfo drove the Sand
from Shore through the Air, in fuch Sort, that
they could fcarce look to Windward. The fe¬
cond, there came aboard the Admiral, Ali Haf-
kie d. This Man was born of Portugueze Parents,
and, being a Captain, turned his Religion. As
he had been the General’s Trudgman c, or Inter¬
preter at Tjenan , and fo had fome Acquaintance
with him, he was fent to bring about a Peace.
He informed the General, that Mr. Pemberton’s
Boy was already come to Mokha , and promifed
he fhould be brought aboard next Day. Along
with him came fakkafi f, a Bannian , to know
the General’s Demand, which was an hundred
thoufand Ryals of Eight. The eighth, in the
Morning, Sir Henry fent the Darling to Bel-
oule, a Place on the Habajhin Coaft, ten Leagues
to the Northward of Affab, to fetch Water, and
buy fome Goats for Relief of the Men, who be¬
gan to fall fick of a fainty Difeafe ; the beft Re¬
medy for which, they found, was letting Blood
and purging. No Body efcaped this Diftemper,
which went away in Boils and Scabs.
The nineteenth, Shermal Shah Bandar , of Mo- vatlirag t
kha, accompanied by many chief Merchants of f fed. *
the Town, Ali Haskie , and Takkafi , came in State
r8 *£ Pjchas Radices. See before, p, 128. Note b In Purchas, Raheta. See before, p. 374. e.
in Purchas , Nobuda. Sir Henry Middleton calls him Alle Hajkitis. e See before, p. 266. Note d.
i.n_ yrcbasj faccacee : Afterwards Tacaccee and Tocacee, Sir Henry calls him Tokorfi , See before p. 380 a.
.with
1613.
eunton.
Voyages of the En
with divers Sorts of Mufick, from the Aga to
r*
he General
met to Af-
b'
the General (aboard the Trade s-Increafe) to agree
about the Satisfaction demanded. At length it
was concluded to reftore all the Iron and Lead ;
and for the reft of the Goods (among which
Were included the Vefts, and all other Prefents
given) eighteen thoufand Ryals of Eight. This
the General accepted of, becaufe he found no
more was to be gotten of them; and that the
whole was to come out of the Pocket of the
Shah Bandar of the Bannians , who was their
great Friend, having daily relieved the Men in
their Diftrefs, with Bread, and other Suftenance ;
all, even to their Dog, having had an Allow¬
ance from him : So that his Prefence always
adminiftered Comfort to them. As they had not
Money to pay fo great a Sum, the General was
defired to take out of the Ship of Din fo much
Goods as he fliould think a fufEcient Pledge :
Which they engaged to redeem, by Degrees, as
they could raife Money, within fourteen Days
at fartheft ; and, in the Interim, the Ships were
to be at Liberty to land and fell the reft of their
Goods. The Shah Bandar brought aboard with
him, according to Promife, Mr. Pemberton’s Boy,
who was cloathed after the Englijh Fafhion.
The third of July , having provided the Ships
with Rice, and other Grain (for the Englijh Pro-
viiion confumed apace) the General, with the
three Ships and Pinnace, fet Sail ; (landing over
to the Bay of Ajfab , to get Refrefhments to re¬
cover the weak and Pick Men, where they ar¬
rived the fourth, at Noon. The five following
Days, the Badwis brought down either Bullocks,
Sheep, or Goats.
The thirteenth, they made an End of Wa-
glish ft EastIndies, A°7
directing their Courfie towards Kamaran , an Ifiand 1613.
on the Habajhin 3 Coaft, foine forty Leagues to Dounio*.
the Northward of Mokha , in fifteen Degrees
Latitude ; where there is a Town and Fortrefs:
To which Place the [ Englijh ] thought the [Ship
of Suez ] w'as come (or at lead not far off) in or¬
der to wait for Directions, by reafon of their be¬
ing fo near b. It is feldom that any Veffels wilt
attempt going to the Northwards, while the
Wefteily Mon fan lafteth ; which, in the Red-Sea ,
blowetfi, for the mod Part, Northerly, till the
laft of July. They bore up all Day, and an¬
chored at Night. In the Way they were pefter-
ed with a dangerous Shoal, to which they una¬
wares came fo near, that they had often enough
to do to quit themfelves of it, when they were
in very (hallow Water. They continued in this
State, two Days, having no Pilot ; and the Cur¬
rents being uncertain, it was dangerous to ride
in open Sea, in cafe the Weather (which v/as
doubtful) (hould in the Night prove crofs. The
General, who had been often entreated to give
over the Purfuit of the Turkijh Ship, at length
thought fit himfelf to abandon the Defign ; ra¬
ther than hazard any farther his Fleet, in queft
of what, after all, he had but a bare Chance of
meeting with.
Hereupon they bore up with the Ifland of Suk-
Jabal Sukkor c, which is big and high, having kortf"JArrl»
another great Ifland to the Southwards of it, be¬
ing alfo high, called Jabal Arri. Thefe two
neighbouring Iflands are environed with divers
other fmaller Iflands to the Southwards ; and in
feveral Places, Ledges of funken Rocks, which
are difeerned only by the Sea breaking on them.
This Range of Iflands lying South and North,
land Ka-
l^aran.
tering. The King of Rahayta Pent the General may be in Length about ten Leagues. ^They lie
three fat Bullocks, by Abdallah , his Sifter’s Son,
whom Sir Henry very kindly entertained ; return¬
ing the Prefent, by a Veft of Broadcloth : Like-
wife Thanks for all the Kindnefs received from e
his SubjeCls at this his Port. Abdallah then defired
him to come with his Ships more towards the
Bab , where, he Paid, there was a good Harbour,
as well as greater Plenty of Refreftiments ; and
that being near Rahayta , the King might have
a better Opportunity to demonftrate his AffeCtion
for the General. Sir Henry feafted him aboard
the Trade’ s-Increafe ; and, in the Evening, caufed
a Banquet of Sweet-meats and Wine to be pre¬
pared on Shore, againft their Landing; whereof f
having both eaten and drank, he took Leave.
The twenty- fourth, they fet Sail from Ajjab ,
North North-Weft of Mokha , from whence, m
clear Weather, they may be plainly feen, which
very feldom happens: From the Weftern Part
of Jabal d to Beloula , the Diftance is about
twelve Leagues, South-Weft by South, clofe to
the Paid Iflands. In the fame Direction lie two
funken Rocks, known by the Sea Breach. South
by Weft of Jabal Arri> are two Iflands and a
Rock : Between which and the Coaft of Africa ,
to the South-Weft, lie four other fmallflat Rocks,
diftant from the former about four Miles and a
half. There is no Danger in going near them ;
for they found deep Water clofe aboard theSouth-
Weftermoft of them, which is neareft the Coaft:
of Africa.
The fixth of Augujl , at four in the Morning, <7^ Fleet
leave t Affob.
* Rather, the Arabian Coaft. b From the Omiflion of fome Words, and Crudenefs of the Language,
it is difficult to make Senfe of this Pafiage : We have therefore given it as we found it, only adding, between
Hooks, the Words we judged to be wanting ; a Method we (hall religioufly keep to, that we may not give
our own Sentiments for thofe of our Authors. c InPttrchas, Jubal Sukbor, Jabal i. ignifies a Moun¬
tain, or Hill. d Sure one of the Iflands is wanting.
408 Voyages c/ A E n g l i
1613. they fet Sail from Ajfab^ and before fix at Night a
Dounton. anchored in the Road of Mokha ; where they faw
the Suez Galleon, which they miffed of, moored
near the Town-Wall, and unladen. She got
into Mokha five Days before : One Galley alfo
was come in, and three more were hourly ex¬
pected.
The feventh, the General went-in with the
Pepper-Corn (for Difpatch of his Bufinefs) fo near
as the Ships could well ride j and alfo, if Need
required, to command all the Ships in the Road ; 1
and, about ten o’Clock, their old Friend Tak-
hofi and Sabrage , the Shah Bandar's Man, came
aboard with a Prefent from his Mafter Shermal:
To thefe the General gave Notice of his Bufinefs,
and fent them away.
SECT. VII.
Repafs the Str eights. Mount Fcelix. Come to
Sokotra. Arrive near Swally, in India. Re- (
marks on the Tides. The Portugueze lie in wait
in the River of Surat. News from thence. They
watch the Bar. Englifh at Surat, mocked by
their Admiral. Send for Provifon. Remove
Northward. Followed by the Portugueze. A
Frigat taken.
F(f>afi the r | H E tenth, about eleven o’Clock in the
Straights. j- Forenoon, they paffed through the Eaftern
Channel of Bdb al mandcl , which is not above
a Mile and half over ; finding in the midft nin« (
or ten Fathom, and toward either Side, feven,
fix, and five, according as they edged in or off.
The Darling and Releafe put out through the
greater or South-Weftern Channel, which may
be about four Leagues over, all feeming very
clear of Danger. The Releafe went along the
South-Weft Side of the Ifland of Bab al mandel ,
in twelve Fathom.
The eleventh, about Noon, the High-land
of Aden bore North North-Weft, eleven Leagues <
.diftant, and [they were] by Eftimation, Eaft by
South half a Degree, fome thirty-fix Leagues
[from the Streights] a. From this Day forward,
the Captain reckons the Days from Noon to
Noon, in regard he rectified hisTraverfe by eve¬
ry Day’s Obfervation of the Latitude. Thus
from Noon the eleventh, to Noon the twelfth,
he reckons upon the twelfth Day ; only in his
Difcourfes he reckons according to the true Day,
<?r from Midnight to Midnight, tzfc. b.
Mount F a- The twenty-firft, from Noon till fix at Night,
h?* Eaft, they failed about four Leagues. Before
Sun- rife they defcried Mount Fcelix , bearing Eaft
by North eleven Leagues diftant; by which they
plainly difcovered how the Current had deceived
s h to the East Indies.
them. YtomTuefday the twentieth, in the Af- 1613.
ternoon, to Monday , the twenty-fixth, they Dountun
could make no Way, although they were fome- ■V'
times off the Land, at other Times had Sea-
turns ; and, between Calms, had often a pretty
Gale, continuing four, fix, or feven Hours to¬
gether: Yet, by reafon of the Current, they
could never get a-head; but, on the contrary,
were fallen to the Weftward fome four Leagues.
All this while they remained under a fteep, high,
whitifh Cliff. At length, on the twenty-fixth,
at nine in the Morning, there blew a fmall Gale
from Shore, which brought them off North
North-Eaft into the Sea.
The twenty -feventh, they ran Eaft North- Com to So
Eaft about fourteen Leagues. This Day, at fourkotta»
in the Afternoon, Mount Fcelix bore South by
Eaft fome nine Leagues diftant; being, as the
Captain computed, fixteen Leagues Weftward of
Cape Guarda fui. This Night, as well when
: it was calm, as windy, they met with a potching
Sea ; which was a fure Sign, that they were near
the Point of that Cape, and began to open the
Southern Ocean. The twenty-ninth, they defcried
Sokotra c.
In this Traverfe from Aden to Sokotra , there
is no Certainty, by reafon of the Current; for
often when, by the Water, they feemed to gain,
yet, by the Current, they loft, or were driven back.
Having taken in Water and Ballaft, bought
all the Aloes that were there to be had, and Leavnlt
left Letters of Advice with the King, for fuch7^3'1'7,
of their Nation as might come to trade in the
Red-Sea , the fourth of September , at two in the
Afternoon, they fet Sail from the Road of De-
lijhay but the Wind prefently growing calm,
they did little Good all that Night. The twen¬
ty-third, at fix in the Morning, being near the
End of an Ebb, they flood away North and
North-Eaft, two Hours, fome two Leagues, the
Wind at South : Their Depths from ten to fix¬
teen Fathom ; and prefently, as againfLa W all, fe¬
ven, fix, and five Fathoms. About eight, they had Anivtm,
Sight of the Trees, which ftand both in South andSwa11*'
North Swally , bearing Eaft by North, by a Meri¬
dian Compafs, fix Leagues diftant. They ran-in
Eaft North-Eaft, and North-Eaft by Eaft with the
Flood, ftill raifing the Land to the Northward*
till near two o’Clock. Their Depths were uncer¬
tain, fometimes more, and fometimes lefs. They
fhunned many fufpicious Riplings, keeping be¬
tween eight and fifteen Fathom.
They anchored in foft Ooze; and, by the
Captain’s Obfervation, it flowed Eaft North-Eaft,
one quarter North, and Weft by South, one
quarter South, by the Moon. At this Time the
a Thus only we think Senfe can be made of this. b This Paflage is obfcure in the Wording ; but
y.nuch more by the Stopping : Which laft we have endeavoured to rectify. c In Purcbas , Socatora.
Flood
V o y a ges of the English to the East
Flood ran five Hours, and the Ebb feven ; by
jr6xi.
Oo unton. reafon the Winter Frefhes (occafioned by the A-
bundance of Rain) not being yet fully ceafed,
overcame or fhortened the Tides : But at other
Times, though the Spring Tides run always
yurh On
'tides.
ftrong, yet the Flood and Ebb are equally of fix
Hours each. In Winter,
of "June, July, and
during
1 Portu-
g :e in
4
the Months
June, July, and Augujl, which is the Win-
ter-Seafon there, the Captain is of Opinion, that
neither Cables, Anchors, nor Ships Bows can
be made ftrong enough to refill: the Tides. The
Coift here lies near North and South.
The General prefently fent off his Pinnace to
fetch a Boat which failed near them. It came
from Surat , and was bound to Gog a, loaden with
Rice. The Men informed him, that he had over-
Ihot that Port, a great Way towards Kambaya ;
and mull return feven or eight Leagues, if he
would reach .the Bar of Surat. This Boat the
General kept with him, employing the Mailer
for a Pilot.
The twenty-fourth, there came another Boat
aboard the Admiral, whofe Mailer likewife was
content to pilot them. The firft informed the
General, that fifteen Portuguese Frigats waited
at the Bar of Surat , to obftrudl their Commerce.
Wherefore at two, Afternoon, being full Sea,
they fet Sail, with a fmall Wind at South ; Hand¬
ing off Weft, into the deeper Channel, and fall¬
ing down with the Ebb, while Day lafted : After
which, they anchored in twenty-four Fathom,
the Stream being exceeding violent. Here they
rode till Morning the twenty-fifth, when the
Ebb being fpent, and they not able to weigh their
Anchors till the Tide broke, they made but a
fmall Tide’s Work of it: Yet at feven in the
Evening, they anchored within a League of the
Road, Southward of the Bar, where they faw
three Ships of Surat , at Anchor.
Rivir The twenty-fixth, in the Morning, they Hood
‘fiat, with the Tide of Flood, into the Road, where
they anchored by the faid three Ships ; which
were to have been laden to go for Sumatra : But
partly by Reafon of the Approach of the Englijlo,
. and partly, for that the Portuguese would come
to no reafonable Compofition with them for the
Cultom, and Carta's, (or Paffes) their Voyage was
given over. According to the Pilot’s former In¬
formation, they here found eighteen Sail of Fri¬
ghts, whereof fometime more, and fometime
fewer, appeared in View. They were under the
Command of Don Francifco de Soto Major, Cap¬
tain Major of the Forces of Datnon and Chant;
accompanied alfo with the Captain-Major, and
Forces of Diu . Thefe Gentlemen, for a long;
I une, fo ftridlly watched the River, that none
could get by them, or any other Way come near
ti}e EngliJh, without being fearehed, to fee if they
bad either Letters, or Provifions for them. Hence
Vox. I. N° XXL
Indies. 409
1 they often took Occafion to rob the Indians of i6li.
feveral Goods, under Pretence, that they were Dcunton.
carrying them to their Enemies ; and therefore
confifcated.
By this Means, the Sailors grew very weak, and Newt from
every Dav, more and more, fell down with theSur^c*
Scurvy, for Want of Refrelhments. At laft, by
the Boat of one of the Surat Ships, they received
a lame Account from Nicholas Bangham, left by
the Heflor, to attend on the Merchants there.
A good while after, they got from him two Let¬
ters: One from Captain Hawkins, at Agra, the
other from William Finch , at Labor, who was
returning homewards by Land. By thefe, the
General underllood, what little Hopes they con¬
ceived of the EngliJh doing any Good in this
Country, where the People had no Regard to
their Engagements. Some Time after, Bangham
gave them Notice, that Captain Sharpey , John
Jourdayne , and others, were every Day expected
in Surat, from Agra, by Way of Kambaya , which
pleafed Sir Henry.
The thirtieth, Captain Dounton , by the Ge- portupu.«
neral’s Direction, with the Pepper- Corn, Darling, watch the
and Releafe, fet Sail, endeavouring to find the Bar‘
Paffage over the Bar into the River of Surat, but
could not effect it ; which was owing partly to
the diligent Attendance of the Portuguese, to cut
off the Boats, which founded before the Ships, if
they went out of Reach of their Ordnance, and
partly to the dangeroufly fudden Shoalings, that
each Ship experienced.
The firft of OSiober , the Ships fet Sail back
again, towards the Road ; but the Wind fhorten-
ing, and the Tide of Ebb growing alfo ftrong,
they could not fetch it, but were put off four
Miles Weft wards ; fo that it was Wednefday, be¬
fore they were favoured enough by the Wind and
Tide, to get up with the Admiral. Hereupon,
Sir Henry wrote to the Portuguese Captain-Major,
requefting, that if he could not permit him to
trade there, yet, that he would let him take-iit
the Merchants, and other Countrymen of his,
who were in the Country ; and that then he would
depart : Bint the Captain refufed even this Favour,
faying, he would carry them to Goa , and from
thence theylhould be fent home.
I t feems alfo, that Jourdayne had, by flatter- Engliih at
ing the Pcpijh Priefts, both at Agra and Kambaya , Su,it*
obtained fome Recommendations to the Vice-Roy,
with Hopes of being conveyed into Portugal. This
he did, as knowingat thatTime, no better Method
for getting into his own Country : But Sir Henry
could never believe, that any who continued firm
to their Religion, or Intereft of their Country,
could ever be fafe in the Hands of fuch People.
About the Time that the General fent his Letter
to Don Francifco , Captain Sharpey, by Means of
fome principal Portuguese in Surat , applied to hint
by
4io
1 6 1 1.
Doiif'to i.
At tied by
i b- m .
/ -
Send for the
Pnvjion.
T3y rtm'mt
jNurtblvard
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
by Letter, or otherwife, for his Segure , (or fafe a put the Ship, which drew leaft Water, headmoft; j5i i
Conduct) to go with others aboard the Englijb
Ships.
The Don, in Scoff, fent his Segure for their
fafe Paffage aboard his Galliot ; and farther to
fhew his Malice to, and Contempt of the Eng¬
lijb Nation, added, that if they would go along
with him to Goa , he would ufe him and his Com¬
pany with as much Favour, as he would Turks ,
and before it they fent their Boats, flacking their Douotor
Sails, that their Boats might keep Head with their'— \r*
Oars : And farther, to prevent Danger from thefe
ftrong Tides, they had their Anchors always in
Readinefs, to let drop upon Signs made a-head, of
any fudden Shoaling.
The Portuguese Armada b likewife weighed, Fothmed
and followed, keeping a-breaft between the Pep- tbe
pany with as much favour, as ne would lures, ana rouoweu, uccpmg d-uic4u uuwccu un. i
Moors, or any other Nations who frequented thofe per-Corn and Shore. They all rowed in Order of®
ezc.
Seas. Now thofe other Nations, (a few Perfans
excepted) were 'Jews , Bannians , and [fuch like]
Gentiles. However, his plain Dealing, (as vile as
it was) in fhewing them what they had to truft
to, (not thinking they could have efcaped his
Hands) proved a Kindnefs in the Main; for other-
wife it is likely, that fome of them might have
been perfuaded, that their Ufage fhould have been
better than he promifed them,
Sir Henry being very zealous for procuring the
Battle, with their Colours difplayed, often fhout-
ing, as if they were upon fome Attack. The
Captain-Major alfo, in a fmall Frigat, went from
Ship to Ship, encouraging his Men. At length,
the Darling’ s Boat, being at a good Diftance,
founding between the Ship and Land, on Account
of a fufpicious Ripling, two of their fwifteft Fri-
gats, (emboldened by the long Forbearance of the
Englijb) rowed forth to cut off her Retreat. The
Mafter of the Darling , feeing his Boat and Men
Liberty of his Countrymen, wrote to them to c in fuch Danger, begun to {hoot at them. One
come by Land, and meet him at Dabul: But that
Journey was thought too tedious ; and by Reafon
of the Wars in Dekan a, dangerous. The Time
thus lofl, feemed very irkfome, their Water, and
other Provifions waited ; the People daily, for
Want of proper Refrefhments, fell Tick : Nor did
they know where, or how, to get any ; they be-
ing fo guarded by their Enemies, that none could
come to ^hem, neither could they go from their
Ships. Captain Sbarpey had indeed made Provi- d
fion for them at Surat ; but there was no Pro-
fpedft that it could efcape the Portuguese , who lay
in continual Wait for it. However, as it was in
vain to propofe felling it again, it was ordered to
be fent at all Ventures, fince it was as good to
run the Hazard of lofing it, as to leave it behind.
The eleventh, Sir Henry Middleton , much dif-
turbed in Mind at their prefent unlucky Situation,
in order to employ the Time, went with the Pep¬
per-Corn, the Darling , and Releafe , along the e
Coaft Northward, to find out fome Place where
the Ships might fafely ride fo near the Shore, as
to command the Landing, and fruftrate the At¬
tempts of the Portuguese , to take the Boats and
People : But the Day being near fpent, they flopped
at the North Point, thwart the Bar. This Day,
Allonfo Granfillio died.
Early the twelfth, the Portuguese havipg
taken the Boat, which was bringing the Provi-
flons, the Captain- Major, by way of Sneer, fent f
Thanks to Captain Sbarpey , for his Care in fend¬
ing him fuch a Supply of Vi&uals. This Morn¬
ing, as foon as it was Flood, they fet Sail from
the Point. As the Stream was very fwift, and
they unacquainted with the Coaft, they always
Frigat got clear a-head: But thofe aboard th Q A Frigat
fecond, finding the Shot fly fo faft about them>f‘J*<»‘
ran her on Shore through Fear ; and then
abandoning her, fled away themfelves through
the deep Mud. The Armada came up to her
Refcue, but not liking the Entertainment any
more than their Scouts, fhoved a-ftern, and left
that Frigat in Pofleflion of the Englijb ; for whofe*
Service {he was very fit. They found in her ar
fmall Quantity of Indico, Cinnamon, Comin-
Seed, Cotton-Yarn, Mirabolans, (dry for Medi¬
cine) and one fmall Ballet of Candekins Mill, very
coarfe : Which Goods, being of fmall Value, the
Portuguese had lately taken from a poor Bannian .
On this Occafion, the Fleet anchored here in fe-
ven Fathom Water, abreaft of the North Point,
at the Mouth of the River of Surat , within Mufket
Shot of the Shore, at low Water.
SECT. VIII.
Bragging Cowards. Two Frigats chaeed: They
run away. Portugueze on Shore j attack the
Englilh landing. Captain Sharpey arrives from
Surat. Khojah Naflan comes down. The Ge¬
neral puts to Sea, to blind the Portugueze. Mef-
fage to the Admiral. Returns to Swally. A
good Road found. Reft their Ships. A Market r
kept on Shore for the Englifh. Portugueze make
a new Attempt. Are defeated with Lofs.
TH E thirteenth, in the Morning, they flood Bragpm
fomewhat nearer Shore, and anchored in fixCcWi2rfll
Fathom. Prefently, they defcried feveral Men on
Land ; wherefore the General fent Meffleursy^,
and Bragge , afhore, with a Flag of Truce : But
a In Purehas , Decanie.
common in thofe Times.
*» In Purehas, it is called, The Army of the Portugueze j % Mode of ExprelEon,.
being
Voyages of the English
l6ri. being Portuguese , they retired as Toon as the£w£- a
)ouoton. lijh landed, flourifhing their Swords, as if they had
»'Y"'>Jdone fome great Exploit. This Day, about nine
in the Forenoon, the General fent the Darling
into the main Road, where the Trade’’ s-Increafe
was at Anchor. She prefently returned, bringing
with her one of the Indian Ship-boats, and feven-
teen of their Men, whom the General at Times
difpatched with Letters to Captain Sharpey. Be¬
fore they fet out, the General rewarded them
nobly, and promifed to fatisfy them farther at b
their Return. Five of them were this Even¬
ing fent away with Letters, who feemed very
zealous in the Bufmefs: But, according to their
Cuftom of lying and deceiving, they intend¬
ed nothing lefs. This Day a great Indian Boat,
palling pretty near them, the General detained
her ; and, for their prefent Supply, bought of her
one Candy, and fix Maunds of Paddy , (with
which Che was laden) and thqn difmifled her.
mFrigatt The fixteenth, two Frigats being perceived, c
m4. riding a good Diftance to the Northward, the
General had a Defire to know who they were,
and their Bufinefs there. The Portuguese feeing
the Boats rowing towards them, fet Sail, Handing
awhile along the Coaft, and then to the Offing :
But the Englijh finding they loft Ground, gave
over the Purfuit, and flood with the River, and
Point of South Swally. Here they landed, deter¬
mining to call their Net ; but the Depth of the
Water hot ferving, the General intended to run <
up the River, in his Galliot to filh. At the fame
Inftant, a Itrong Gale of Wind blowing from
the Sea, the two Frigats, above-mentioned, came
in, accompanied with two others, newly come
from the Bar of Surat. Aboard one of them, was
• the Captain of the little Frigat-Prize, who lately
hazarded his Life, by running away (fo bravely)
through the Mud ; and propofed (as they were
afterwards informed) to hazard it again, in or¬
der to recover her. 1
hymn The Wind was all in their Favour, and crofs
tusj. to the Englijh ; who, befides, had far to row to
Windward over a broad Shoal, whereon, they al¬
ways had between three and four Foot W^ter :
But being gotten off to fet Sail, and the Releafe
not far behind to fecond them ; the Portuguese
likewife perceiving them, inftead of flying, ufe
all their Endeavours to come-up with them ; and
that their Mufket Shot, which began to fall but
little fhort of them, would prefently reach them,
their Refolution failed them ; and tacking about,
fled as faft as their Sails could carry them, only waft¬
ing fomeBafeShot in running away. The Englijhy
however, continued the Chace, being ltill in
Hopes of gaining Ground of them, as they loft
but little : But the Wind increafing, at fuch Time
as the Rowers began to be tired ; and the Sail be¬
ing too fmall fo* their little Frigat, the Enemy
to the East1 Indies.
Th e twentieth, in the Morning, the General
fent Thomas Glenham in the Pinnace, on Shore,
to attend the Coming of the Country, People, ei- ^
ther with Meflages, or Provifion to fell ; in which
Cafe he was to give Notice,, by fhooting off three
Mufkets together, that Sir Henry might land :
Only one Man foraCentinel went on Shore, who
no fooner came to the Top of a fmall Hill, near
the Water Side, but he faw a Troop of Portu¬
guese rufh out of Ambufh : Whereupon, he re¬
tired to the Pinnace, which rowed a little from
Shore, and anchored. The Portuguese coming to
the Water Side, difcharged their Mufkets at the
Men y who, fo well repaved their Shot, that they
prefently took to their Heels. Soon after, per¬
ceiving one of the Inhabitants on Horfeback, and
fuppofing he was deterred from advancing, by the
Sight of the Portuguese , they made the Signal j
which the General hearing, he prefently went on
Shore with the Frigat: But, contrary to their Ex-
: pe&ation, the Indian W’as not coming to them.
In the Evening, fome of the poor Inhabitants
brought certain Fruits to fell, which the General
caufed to be bought: And as the Men were re¬
turning to the Frigat, there came over to them
three Deferters from the Portuguese Army ; one of
them was a Dutchman , born in Lisbon , called Lo -
renso deCampo: The other two were Portuguese i
the principal of them called Francis Confalves.
The twenty-firft, in the Morning, the Ge-
1 neral going on Shore in the Frigat, received a
Letter, brought by an Indian , from Captain Shar¬
pey ; acquainting him, that next Day he would
come down with all his Goods, guarded by an
hundred Horfemen. Here alfo a Mallabar Boy,
called Antonio , who had been five or fix Years
Captive to a Portuguese Soldier in this Army, find¬
ing an Opportunity, deferted to the Englifh.
The twenty-fecond, early, the General went
on Shore in the Frigat, attended by the Releafe , landing,
s to wait the Coming of Captain Sharpey. He land¬
ed thirty Men, armed with Mufkets : He appoint¬
ed one for Centinel, on the Top of the little Hill
beforementioned > and ordered the reft to be near
the Water Side, the better to prevent any fudden
Attempt. All were enjoined to keep an Eye to¬
wards Surat. The Centinel, in a fhort Time,
perceiving two Bannians coming from the North¬
wards, gave Notice. Thefe Indians brought fome
Tobacco, and other trifling Things, to fell. Be-
f ing come aboard, they informed the General,
that the Night before, five Engjijhmen came from
Suraty to a Village four Miles off; that this
Morning they came from them > and, that in the
Afternoon, they would be there themfelves. Pre¬
fently after this, there (allied out of a Valley, be¬
tween two Hills, feven Troops of Portuguese ,
with their Colours difplayed. The Englijhy on
Sight of them, put themfelves in a Poftureof De~
got clean off.
Ggg
412
161 1.
Dountor.
Captain
Sharpey
arrives.
i*Lh >ish
J'Jaf’Tar) co.
down.
‘ Tit General
fues to Sea.
Voyages c/ the Engli
fence : The Portuguese alfo made a Stand, as a
having no Stomach to come within Reach of their
Shot, although there were near three hundred of
them. However, the General ordered his Men
to retire, and embark themfelves : Which being
done, the Portuguese then came in Purfuit ; and
with five or fix Bafes, (brought for the Purpofe)
and other fmall Arms, began to fhoot at the Boats,
which returned their Fire, without receiving any
Harm : So that (as they were afterwards inform¬
ed) the Portuguese went off with the worft. 1
After they had waited feveral Hours on
Shore, without any of thofe coming who were
expected, the General returned aboard the Pep¬
per-Corn ; determining this Afternoon, with the
Ebb, to remove near the Trade s-Iucreafe : But
as they were fetting Sail, a Company of Men
were defcried coming from the Northward. Here-
upon, they call Anchor again ; and the General
going on Shore, there prefently arrived three of
the Afcenjion's Company a ; who brought with <
them. Captain Sharpey , and ‘John Jordayne's
Cloaths and Proviiions. On Thurjday , Captain
Sharpey himfelf arrived, guarded by an hundred
Horfemen, armed with Bows, and Swords: With
him came aboard 'faddow the Broker, a Braman ,
(or Bannian Priefl) and another Indian , who was
the Captain’s Servant.
The twenty-fifth^ Sir Henry Middleton, (ac¬
companied with Captain Sharpey , and Jordayne)
went on Shore, where Khojah Najfan , according '
to their Promife, came to meet him. The Fri-
gat coming to the Water Side, the General was
fetched afhore on a Pallankin, borne on four
Mens Shoulders, and there kindly entertained by
Khojah Najfan. A Carpet being fpread, accord¬
ing to the Country Fafhion, they fat thereon, to
talk about Bufinefs.. At length, itwas in a Man¬
ner concluded, that the Ships fhould repair to
Cog a, a Place on the Weftern Side of the Gulf,
nearer to Kambaya ; and that they fhould have i
Pilots from Shore to carry them thither : But a
fudden (and at this Time of the Year, unufual)
Shower of Rain happening, they broke up their
Conference, promifing next Day to meet again,
and come to a final Refolution.
The twenty-fixth, Khojah Najfan , by one of
the Boats, fent Jaddow with a Prefent of ten fine
Baftas, and fifty Bufhels of Wheat, to the Gene¬
ral ; befides two Pilots, for his fafe Conduit to
Goga. Going on Shore with the Pinnace,- the
Conference was renewed : But the Pilots having
given their Opinion, that the Place propofed was
mot convenient, it was at laft agreed, that the
Englijh fhould put to Sea, for the Space of fix
Days ; in which Time it was prefumed, that the
Portuguese , fuppofing them to have left that Coaft,.
s h to the East Indies.
would alfo leave it : Of which, Notice being given 1 61 f.
to them, they were to return and difpatch their Djunton.
Bufinefs. Accordingly, the fame Evening, they ’V***
failed to the Southward, to the Trade's- Increafe j
but the Wind fhortening upon them, they an¬
chored about a Mile Weftward of the Road.
This Morning ‘Thomas Lane died. Next Morn¬
ing, the General departed aboard the Trade' s-
Increafe’, and foon after, fent his Pinnace for
Captain Sharpey , and Captain Dounton , to con-
> fer about their prefent Bufinefs : He fent alfo
Men to fetch away the Frigat, and Portuguese
from the Pepper-Corn. After the Confult was
over. Sir Henry fent a Letter to Don Francifco Mtffagt «
de Soto, Captain-Major of the Armada, wherein the Portu-
he took Notice of the many Difcourtefies received ^
from him : As, obftru&ing their Landing, and the
Paflage of their Letters ; not fuffering any Relief
to come to their fick Men ; feizing the Provifion
which was fent to them ; and hindering their
: People on Shore from joining them ; (but for
which, he faid, he fhould have lei t that Coaft
long before). He mentioned in the lafl Place, his
Endeavours to cut off his Boats founding a-head
of his Ships; adding, that now' he had done his
Bufinefs, he would beffow on him the Frigat he
took from him, if he would fend for her. The
General likewife releafed the Indian Ships, which,,
for the Convenience of conveying Letters be¬
tween Captain Sharpey and him, he retrained'
1 from going into the River.
The twenty-ninth, they left the Coaft, and put
out to Seawards, the Portuguese Frigat following
them in their ufual Manner. This Day, they
met with a Boat, bound to Kambaya , laden with
Cocoa Nuts, whereof the General bought feven-
teen thoufand ; which he diftributed among the
poor People. This Day, Mr. Mulleneux was put
the fecond Time into the Pepper- Corn. The
thirty-firft, Sir Henry Middleton finding, that the
: Portuguese ftill followed them, determined to
ftand off no farther, but return to do their Bu¬
finefs the beft they could in Spite of them.
Accordingly, the fir ft of November , they w
returned to the Northward ; and Saturday Morn¬
ing, anchored abreaft of South Swally , where the
General went on Shore ; but heard no News from
Surat. This Night, the Portuguese in the River,,
fhot off feveral Guns, for Joy (as they told the
Indians ) of the News they had received, that two
' great Galleys, and twenty Frigats more, were
coming to their Afliftance ; foolifhly thinking,
with their Lies, to terrify the Englif) , who were
now armed to withftand them.
The fifth. Sir Henry having fent IVilliam Pem- A good Run
berton , Mafter of the Darling, with his Ship th zfiund'
Releafe , and Frigat, again to feek a Road to the-
» Their. Names were, Thomas Mu /grave, Bartholomew Davis,, Morgan.
Northwards*,
UiUlAMi* -
!
Voyages of the Engl
II< Northwards, he there found a Place with a Bar,
mnton. over which not only their fmaller Ships, but alfo
the Trade's- Increafe (being a little lightned) might
fafely go at high Water, and there ride within
Caliever-fhot of the Shore.
The fixth, in the Morning, with the firft of
the Flood, they all removed Northwards, and
anchored thwart the new difcovered Road. At
high Water, the Pepper-Corn , Darlings and Re¬
leaf e , went over the Bar ; whereon the leaft
Depth was three Fathom and a Foot ; but at low
Water, only three Foot. They rode within Ca-
liever-fhot of the Shore, as above-mentioned, in
eight Fathom ; and right a-head, or to the North¬
ward of them, twelve Portugueze Frigats were
at Anchor fomewhat out of the Reach of their
Ordnance. In the Afternoon, the General and
Captain Dvunton , with a Guard of forty Shot,
going on Shore to feek for frefh Water, found,
in the fait Marfhes, a Place of brackifh Water ;
with which, till better could be gotten, they
were forced to make Shift. Here the Inhabitants
brought five or fix Goats, a Sheep, with fome
Fruits, which were bought for the Relief of the
fatigued and weak People.
Jr tbtir The feventh, they filled fome Water, bought
fome little Provifion brought by the Indians , and
hauled the Releaf e aground, in order to ftop her
Leaks, being in a manner devoured with Worms.
For their better Security, while this was doing,
they e rented a Tent, in which Captain Dounton
continued ; keeping a Court of Guard and Cen-
tinels aboard, to prevent any Defign of the Por¬
tugueze. The eighth, all the Carpenters ufed
their beft Endeavours to ftop the Leak in the
Pinnace : Likewife Nicholas Bangharn came from
Surat with Provifions bought by the General’s
Orders ; as Limes for the fcorbutic People, Bread,
Lamp-oil, and Candles, befides his own Provi¬
fion. In the Evening, fome of the Inhabitants
of the neighbouring Villages informed the Ge¬
neral, that two Gallies and eight Frigats were ar¬
rived in the River. Upon this Advice, he altered
his Determination, judging it more for their Se¬
curity to bring all his Forces together: Where¬
fore in returning aboard his Ship, which rid in
the Offing , he directed Captain Dounton to guard
the Bark on Shore, and as foon as the Tide
ferved, to heave her afloat, either by his own Ship,
or the Darling. This- was performed about Mid¬
night, and prefently after crofting the Bar, they
went and rode by the Admiral.
\Mariei on The ninth, in the Morning, Khojah Naff an
came from Surat, and promifed the General,
i $ H to the East Indies.' 413
a (who was then on Shore) that fo foon as alf the 161 1.
lit.
Sbire,
Ships were come into the Road, he would bring D>unton.
down Goods and trade with them *, and that in v/V^O
the mean time a Market fhould be kept on the
Strand, to furnifh him with all neceflary Provi¬
fions. He alfo informed the General, that the
Frigats, which came laft in to the River, were a
Kafilah a, or Fleet of Portugueze Merchantmen,
bound to Katnbaya. At his Departure, Bang ham
went up to Surat with him.
b The twelfth, being in the Road, a Market
was kept upon the Strand, ftocked with feveral
Sorts of Provifions : As, Meal, Bread, Bullocks,
Goats, Sheep, Hens, Butter, and Cheefe ; Sugar,
and Sugar-Candy ; Limes, Palms b, Water-Me¬
lons, Goards, Onions, Radifhes, Pallingenies,
Cucumbers; Milk; akind of Peafcod, which they
call Paupery ; and Gindus, a fmall Fruit, with a
little round Stone in the Middle ; it is of the Size
of a fmall Crab, and in Tafte between fweet and
c four : Likewife Sugar-Canes and Tobacco ; Salt-
Fifh dried, Prauns, and Palmita Wine, which
they call Taddy c. All thefe were to be had at
reafonable Rates.
Th e twenty-firft, the Captain’s Centinel, on Portu&ueze
the Mount, law, over the Top of a neighbouring
Hill, the Heads of fome of the Portugueze , who
there lay in Ambulh, to the Number of five
hundred Men : He had no fooner given the A-
larm, but the Enemy, finding themfelves dif-
covered, came running fwiftly down with their
Colours to cut off the Retreat of the Eng/ijl) to
their Boat: But having tailed a little, of their
great as well as fmall Shot, and beholding fome
of their Company tumbling in the Mud, they
ran back with as much Hafte as they advanced.
Several of thofe, who fell down, came alter- Defeated^
wards to themfelves, and made a Shift to crawl w,rL
away ; only Antonio de Soufa d, a Gentleman of
Chaul , having received a mortal Wound in the
e Head, lay ftill. The Englijh, more compaffionate
than his Countrymen, went and carried him on
board : But he died in two Hours after, and was
buried on Shore. The General, in the Offing,
hearing the Guns'go off, haftned, with his Fri-
gat full Of People, to aftift the Captain ; yet they
did not think fit to land to try their Fortunes any
farther with them. But going on Shore after¬
wards, they found many of their Relicks.; fuch
as Shoes and Socks, which, in hurrying away,
f they left behind. They had eight killed and
wounded in this Attempt, as the Englijh were
informed by the Mokkadam , or Conftable of
Swally.
a In Purchas , Cafhala , It is the Arabic Word for a Karawan, or Company of Travellers.
Pair: we prefume Cocoa Nuts mult be underltood. c Or Poddy, as others write k.
fc By
* In Pur-
ehuSs
Sceufir.
SECT.
Voyages of English to the East Indies.
Mokrib
KMo or-
Hit ConduEi
'•s board ,
SECT. IX.
Mok rib Khan arrives. His Condudl cn Board ;
and double Dealing. Beggarly Noblemen. De¬
ceitful Merchants. Mokrib Khan and Naffan
■come down again. Englilh land their Goods.
Naffan’* bafe Dealing. Is arrejled by the Ge¬
neral. Releafed on giving Pledges. Portugueze
appear and retreat. Letter from Captain Floris.
Another from Captain Hawkins ; who arrives
with others. Great Fleet of Merchantmen .
THE twenty- fourth, in the Afternoon,
Mokrib Khan * came down with one
hundred Horfe, and many more Foot, five Ele¬
phants, and feveral Camels, Carts, and Oxen,
for carrying his Provifion, wherein he {hewed
his Greatnefs, He had likewife divers Leopards
in Carts for his Diverfion in Hunting. There
one faw ere&ed, as it were, a Town of Tents.
a bought it. The Bufinefs, they came on board a- 1611
bout, being ended, they haftned afhore, accom- Dounton
panied by the General, the _ Author, Captain
Sharpey , and John Jourdayne. After landing, he
carried them to his Tent, where, being feated
upon Carpets, with many of his Friends, Sic
Henry renewed his Difcourfe concerning Trade ;
which he again put off till next Day. When
they faw there was nothing to be done, it grow¬
ing dufkifh, they took Leave, and returned a-
b board, where they fpent the Night in confultino-
what Ccurfe was proper to be taken.
The twenty-fixth, Sir Henry Middleton haftned Miimtk
early afhere, thinking to do much Bufinefs ; but
on landing, he was informed, that Mokrib Khan was
gone: Yet the better to pacify him, they told
him he was gone to bring about a good Under-
ftandiag between the Portugueze and the Englijh.
This the General well knew was not fo ; but
rather fufpedted, that his Reafon for going to the
He was met by Sir Henry , at whofe Landing was c Portugueze was , becaufe, having already gotten in
«lifcharged a Volley of an hundred and threefcore
fmall Shot ; and at the Inftant of their Saluta¬
tion, the Ships fired their Cannon in Order ; the
Darling three, the Pepper-Corn five, and the
Trade' s-Increafe nine. After this, the General
Prefents all he could from them, he would next
fee what the Portugueze would give him to do
the Englijh ill Offices. Khojah Naffan indeed {laid
there ftill, pretending it was on Purpofe to buy
their Commodities, whereof the General fet
delivered him the King’s Letter and Prefent to down the particular Prices : But the Day being
himfelf, which he received with great Appear- far fpent, all Difcourfe upon the Matter was poft-
ance of Friendlhip : And, at the Invitation of poned till the Day following.
Sir Henry , boldly went on board the Trade's- In- The twenty- {even th, in the Morning, Mokrib Beggarly
creafe , accompanied with fixteen Mogols and d Khan fent one of his chief Gentlemen, and
Moors , fuch as he made Choice of; leaving Kho- Broker, with a Letter to the General: The Pur-
jah b Naffan , Khojah Arfan Aliy and other Mer- port of which, was only to beg his perfumed
chants on Shore. After being entertained, in the Jerkin, and Spaniel Dog, which was denied him
the Day before, when he begged his Beaver-Hat
alfo. He likewife defired, that their Workmen
and Smith might make him the Model of a
Chain- pump. This Morning Captain Sharpey
and Mr. Jourdayne went alhore to confer with
Khojah Naffan about the Prices of their Commo-
beft Manner the Ship could afford, he continued
there all Night, and Part of the next Day. Sir
Henry often urged him to talk about Bufinefs, but
he ftill put it off till another Time. All his
Thoiights feemed to be taken up with looking
out Toys and Nicknacks, that might pleafe the
Fancy of the great King his Mafter : Nor did it e dities. The twenty-eighth, Khojah Naffan went
‘l l'"J D "1_:“ L'“‘: back to Surat , carrying with him the General’s
Jerkin and Dog, which Mokrib Khan had for¬
merly begged : But that they {hould have the lefs
Reafon to doubt, he left behind him Khojar Jel-
lardin c, his Son-in-law, to ftay, as he pretend¬
ed, to take Care of their Bufinefs till his Return.
Inftead of this, next Day, Jellardin ftruck his
Tent and departed, to their no fmall Vexation.
appear, that he had any Regard to their buying
or felling Goods, farther than ferved his own
Turn.
Having fatisfied his Curiofity in that Ship,
he defired, in like Manner, to fee the reft,
where he and his Followers adled the fame Part
over again. He bought all the Chefts of Sword-
blades, of which he feemed to be fo greedy, that
he would not truft them to be fent after him, Induced, however, by their Promifes, Bartholo-
but had them all fent alhore before him. A few f mew Davis , one of the Carpenters, was fent to
Days after, having fele&ed out all the crooked Surat to provide Planks and Boards for refitting
ones, and fuch others as he liked, he fent back the Releafe ; but he met with nothing but Delu-
the reft in a flighty Manner ; as their Way is, if fions, or Delays : For when he had° found out
they happen to diflike a Thing after they have Timber, there was mo-body to fell, or elfe to
a He is called Mucrib Can, in Purchas ; afterwards, Macrih Chan, and Mockrib Chan. „ In Purchas,
it is written, Hda in the firft Name, and Coia in the fecond. That the Author {hould differ in his Spelling)
is fomewhat ftrange, flnee they are the fame Word. e Perhaps, Jalal addin.
faw
if 6 1 1 .
juntm.
, titful
rchantt,
Voyages of the English
faw it. Thus he loft his Labour, and what was
worfe, feared he ftiould not have Liberty to re¬
turn.
The fame Day alfo, Meffrs. Jourdayne , Frame,
of the Freight
to the HL ast Indies.
would pay but a fmall Part
ther.
The ninth, in the Morning, Sir Henry went
onShore, and the Indians declaring they would ;^Vgoo2.
IT.. ,1 4- L Dof/vTin tk/a n /h r _ lYirvanla n^fYOn
X HiL laiuc LJciy dliu, IViUHO. J ~ - , - - . _ I, .
and others went to the Village hard-by to view ftand to their Bargain, the Trade s-lncreaje began
t t* 4^11 w i • l ITT • _ 7. \T-F d.r. 1 — A haf T Rnf q liffl/a Nnnn
fome Packs of Indian Cloth, which Khojah Naf-
fan had brought down to barter with them. They
returning with Samples8 and the Prices of er
very Sort, per Gorge, the General fet down the
Rates he would give for thofe he liked, requiring
them to do the fame by his Commodities : But
they valued their own very high, and offered but
little for the Englijh ; imagining they would be
forced to fell them for what they could get.
The firft of December , finding that Sir Henry
would neither give them their Demand, nor fell
at their Rates, either to fhew their Indifference,
or try his Temper, immediately fent for their
Samples of Cloth, and carried back to Surat all
jkrib
ban and
iflao
to land her Lead. But a little before Noon,
Mckrib Khan received a Letter from the Great
Mogol, which at once ftruck fuch a Damp upon
his Spirits, that fcarce a Word could be gotten-
from him ; and immediately after Dinner he
departed, but Khojah Najfan and others continu¬
ed, as they pretended, to finifh the Bufinefs.
This Night, the General being ftill fufpicious of
their inconftant Dealing, and confidering what
intolerable Difcontent muft needs arife among his
People, if, after the great Fatigue, they endured
in landing the Lead, they fhould be forced, by
the Indians departing from their Bargain, to car¬
ry it on board again, fent fome of the Factors
OiUTipiCS or VlvlIJ) dllU i w /. _ , ° 17--. • j /r* • .• i
the Packs they had formerly brought down to with the Brokers to Khojah JSaJfan to intimate the
Damka a Village three Miles off. The poor In- c fame ; defiring, before farther Trouble was given,.
. .. ’ ir b _ n _ : _ fn Ur™ hie full Refolution: He returned for
habitants alfo were reftrained from bringing Pro
vifions to fell, as they were allowed before.
The fixth, the General was informed that
Mokrib Khan and Khojah Najfan were coming
down ; and in the Evening they faw Tents pitch¬
ed about a Mile within Land to the Eaftward of
the Road. Next Day, Jaddow and Narran ,
Brokers, came down, certifying the General,
that Mokrib Khan and Khojah Naffan were now
at the Tents, and To-morrow would be with
him. Next Morning, they tranflated King James’s
Letter, and then departed : But their extraordi¬
nary Sadnefs, as Men fent by Conftraint, gave
the Englijh no Hopes of Good intended them.
w dewn
IM.
The rather, for that they had fometime before fan having received the Velvet
kept as Prifoner, their Carpenter, and forbad any ^ U“
to bring them Provifions, unde'r Penalty of hav¬
ing their Nofes cut off : Which (hewed they de-
figned to force them away by Famine.
came down with a great Train to the Water- at this Ufage, that to oblige them to perform the
fide ; and to remove Sufpicion of their evil Deal- Bargain, he arrefled both the Goi ernor am.
to know his full Refolution : He returned for
Anfwer, that the General need not, in the leaft,.
doubt but they would keep ftriftly to their Engage¬
ment, and take it. Hereupon the greateft Expe¬
dition was ufed for landing thereof. This Even¬
ing, William Johnfon, Sailor, in the Darling ,.
and John Coverdale , Trumpeter, of the Admi¬
ral, ran away to the Portugueze Armada, and
John Pattifon to Surat.
The tenth, the Governor of Surat , and
Khojah Arfan Alt, came to fee the Ships. While ^ ea,KS’
they were aboard the Admiral, (after feeing the
Pepper- Corn ) John Jourdayne came in Hafte from
Shore to inform the General, that Khojah Naf-
fan having received the Velvet, and fome other
Things, which he coveted moft, began to wrangle
with "them; and had not only made them give
over weighing the Lead, but had alfo fent tor
his Oxen to draw away the Carts with the Packs
of Indian Cloths. The General was fo provoked
mg.
...e, brought forty or fifty Packs of Calicos,
which they increafed to the Number of an hun¬
dred and eight. The Merchants had a great De¬
fire for the Quick-filver and Vermilion, and
Mokrib Khan for the Velvet, although they feem
- - _ • IT , \7 . I* I-
ed very
Khojah Arfan Alt, who were greatly troubled
thereat ; but after fome little Paufe, he imbarked
with them in the Frigat to go on Shore. Stop¬
ping in the Way at the Pepper-Corn , to acquaint
Captain Dounton with what he had done, and
roan ror tne v eivci, auuuuKu un-j stun- - , c ..
indifferent about them : Yet finding a(k his Opinion, the Captain approved of the
Courfe he had taken.
f The General then proceeded, and landing liarrtjkdby
with a fufficient Guard, let Khojah Najfan knoyttbe General,
whatMeafures his wrong Dealing had forced him
to take: Adding, that fince the Governor of
were nrty per c« u.m„, ...v - - , Surat came only out of Cburtefy, and was n».
and at thVfame time would allow the Englijh for Way concerned in the Aftair, he thought : it pro-
theirs,, brought fo far, only fuch poor Rates as per, that he (hould- come aboard, and- take his
thofe Things could not be had feparately from
the other Commodities, they condefcended to take
the Lead alfo ; deferring to deal for the reft of
the Goods till fome other Time : Neither would
they part with their Merchandize, unlefs they
were fifty per Cent. Gainers at their own Doors ;
1 »* — ...IT m 11 y, d- V* a U 44 sr 1 4 (r\ TA 1*
In Pur chat „ Muftraes,
Place,
Place.
V o v a g e s of the'Vj n gx i s h to the East Indies.
Najjan feeing no other Remedy, with a a reft, in regard to the Danger they apprehended jfij,
ok anil four (^onnfpp'inrp psmp tnfn t.Kr> + K/=»Tr Toll Irvfr* ^
Refeaftd,
C’frg
Pledget.
grim Look and four Countenance, came into the
irigat ; and the Governor, to his great Satisfac¬
tion, being. difinifled, the others were brought
to remain in the Pepper-Corn. Next Day, they
continued landing their Lead, and had fo lightned
the Admiral, that at High-water, the Night fol¬
lowing, they brought her over the Bar: So that
now they had all their Strength together, where
their Bufinefs lay.
they fnould fall into. ^ DoUnta
The thirtieth, Meflrs. Jourdayne and Fraine *— v* *
were fent to Surat , to agree for fome more Indian An-,htr J «
Cloths, and try to put oft* fome of their own hTw^L
Commodities. The fame Day, the General re¬
ceived a Letter from Captain Hawkins at Kam-
baya ; notifying, that he had determined to take
Ship with all his Family for Goa , and from thence
(ail to England : But Sir Henry concluding, that
1 H e twelfth, in the Morning, Sir Henry b if he once got to Goa , he would never be able
* r ^ 1 - . • r i i * \ i • _
having font for the Gentlemen Prifoners on board
him, Kbojah Najjan for a long Time obftinately
retufed to go, till Captain Dounton had Orders to
(end him per Force. On their Arrival, it was
thought fit, for expediting their Buftnefs, to en¬
large them, leaving other Pledges in their Room,
viz. Kbojah y ellardin % and one of his Sons, for
Khojab Najjan ; and two other Perfian Mer¬
chants in Place of Kbojah /Irfan All. The Eng-
I’J h Sureties given on this Occafion, were John
l Ciili a ms and Henry Bootbby. This Night forty
Packs of Indian Cloths were opened, counted,
forted, and agreed for. The fifteenth, there de-
ferted to them two Portuguese Youths from the
to get away with his Goods, or perhaps his Life,
by the fame Meflenger earneftly difiuaded him
from that Refolution, and invited him to take
his Paflage with them into England. The Eng-
lijh at Surat alfo informed the General, that
Mokrib Khan feemed willing, that they (hould
leave a Faddory for vending the Remainder of
their Commodities : The Hopes they conceived
on this Occafion afterwards vanifhed through his
Inconftancy. The eighth of January , [1612]
Nicholas Uphlet came from Kambaya , with Letters
from Captain Hawkins to the General, to ac¬
quaint him, that his Letter having changed his
Refolution, he intended to come down to the
Armada, one ot whom was the Captain-Major’s Ships, and take his Paflage along with them.
Pirfugijfzs
appear and
tetreat.
letter from
•"Captain Fjo
ws
Page.
Next Morning they faw, to the Southward,
five Portuguese Colours difplayed. The General
being informed thereof, prefently ordered two
hundred Men, armed with Shot and Pikes, to
land and meet them : Which they perceiving,
retired. The Engliflo in the Purfuit, near the
Swally , met with Kbojah Najjan , and all his
Troops, who were coming down with twenty
Packs more of Cloths. He informed the General,
that the Portuguese had already repafled the mud¬
dy Creeks, and gotten near their Frigats : Where¬
fore Sir Henry gave over the Purfuit, and return¬
ed aboard.
Ihe nineteenth, Peter Rofe mar y, who was a
Portuguese , brought from England , and a Sailor
The twenty- fixth. Captain Sharpey , Mx.Whvm
Fraine , Captain Hawkins , with all his Goods wuk
and Family, and the reft (Nicholas Uphlet ex¬
cepted) came to Swally , the General, with about
d two hundred Men, marching three Miles within
Land, to meet and guard them from the Portu¬
guese. , whofe Army was not far off.
The twenty-feventh, the General having
fent John Williams to Surat to know their Refo¬
lution, touching a Factory there, he returned,
the twenty-ninth, with an abfolute Refufal to
have any farther Dealing with their Nation ;
who were all commanded to depart from Surat,
without being permitted to receive Debts there
e owing them : Wherefore they fent to know the
General’s Pleafure, whetlrer they (hould forth-
m the Trade s-Increafc, being appointed to look with come down, or delav the Time, to fee whe-
ey - :r.. _ _ _ 1 • , , ... , / ^ . ’ .
after Francifco Confalvcs , ran away with him to
the Armada. The twenty-feventh, Khojab NaJ-
fan came from Surat to fee if he could buy any
01 the EngliJJj Cloths, and other Commodities :
But not agreeing about the Prices, he returned.
This Day, the General received a Letter, by a
ther they would alter their Determination. Next
Day, Sir Henry having, in Anfwer, written for
them to repair without Delay to the Ships, the
thirty-firft, they accordingly came down, and
brought with them all their Goods.
, - * -j - The fixth of February, there pafted by, to- Great Fleet
Jew , from one P eter Floris !>, a Dutchman , who wards Kambaya , a great Kcifilah, or Fleet of near?/" Mertbam
was imployed by the Eajl India Company. It f five hundred Portuguese Frigats c. men"
was dated from Mafulipatan , where they had The ninth, in the Morning, at High-water,
fettled a Factory, and gave an Account of three the Admiral warped over the Bar, and anchored
Ships, which were coming out of England , one in the Offing. About Noon arrived Nicholas Uph-
of which was defigned tor the Red-Sea. 1 his let, Captairj Hawkins's Servant, left behind at
News was very unpleafing to the General and the Kambaya in Pawn, as aforefaid d, as they had
In, this Place of Purcbas, Coia II l ar dm. b His Journal of the (eventh Voyage, will be given in its
Place. c Thefe mult have been Merchant Frigats. d There is no Mention before of his being
left as a Pledge ; nor at all of what he was left in Pledge for.
3
waited
Voyages of the Engli
6 12. wa*ted °nly for him ever fince the laft of Ja- ;
joonton. nuary , when their Merchants were expelled Su-
<~V~~>rdt. In the Evening, Captain Dounton fet fail,
and crofting the Bar, anchored in eight Fathom,
about a Mile diftant in the Offing near to the Ad¬
miral.
S E C T. X.
Caufe of the Expulfion of the Englifh from Surat.
Swally Road dejcribed. ‘They leave the Coajl.
Nautical Remarks. Come to Dabul. 'Traffic 1
there. Portugueze Ships taken. The Sailors
plunder them. Perfjl in their Outrage. Curbed
by the General. The Portugueze difmifcd. De-
fgns of the General.
^E Englijh Fleet had now continued, in
* thefe Parts, the Space of an hundred and
thirty-eight Days, in which Time they fuftained
many Abufes [from the Governors of Surat , and
their Inftruments] by Delays, Breach of Pro- <
mifes, and with-holding the Natives from trading
with them. By this Means the Englifj were con-
ftrained to trade with their Oppreilors ; who
having exchanged a few Commodities at very
hard and unprofitable Rates, broke off fartherTraf-
fic. To thefe may be added, difappointing the
Merchants of fettling a Fadtory, hindering them
from demanding fome Debts owing to them, and
commanding them to quit the Town, and the
Ships to be gone. They afterwards came to un- d
derftand the Caufe of thisUfage: For it feems,
at the very Time when they were debating, whe¬
ther they fhould permit the Englijh to leave a
factory to fell the reft of their Goods, brought
for that Place, or not, Alokrib Khan received a
Letter from Dangie , a Bannian at Kambaya , by
the Inftigation of the Jefuits there ; acquainting
them, that if they fuffered the Englijlo to continue
at Surat , the Portugueze would come and burn
all the Towns upon the Coaft, and feize all the e
Ships they fhould meet with. Upon this, they
concluded it would be the moft prudent Courfe
to have nothing farther to do with the Eng-
:Jy ttoad The Road of Swally , within the Bar, lieth
in twenty Degrees fifty-five Minutes North La¬
titude: TheVariation w’as fixteenDegreesfortyMi-
nutes Wefterly. They found the Water rofe higher
on the full Moon Spring, than on the Change,
by four Foot : The one being twenty-four Foot, f
the other twenty ; and that the Night-tide was
higher than the Day-tide by three Foot, accord¬
ing as the Wind blew. The Coaft, or Strand,
within the Bar, lay neareft South and North, by
the Compafs: Which, allowing for the Variation,
wasNorth by Eaft, and half Eaftj and South by
* The fame before,
Vol.I. N° 21,
8H ft /^East Indies, 41;
Weft, half Weft. Likewife at Weft South-Weft, 1612.
half South, and Eaft North- Eaft, half North, d .unton.
the Moon makes a full Sea. c— -v- — -
The tenth, the General ftaid to fettle Mat¬
ters with Jaddow and Narran the Brokers : He
alfo took out of a Frigat, going to the Rehemi *
at Goga , certain Candies of Rice and Pitch ; giv¬
ing thofe on board Bills to be paid at Surat by
two Men, who were indebted to Captain Haw¬
kins.
The eleventh, in the Morning, at fix o’Clock, 7% have
being high Water, they fet fail, and at two, j atbe Co*jt.
the Afternoon, anchored in the South Road at
the Bar of Surat , by anew Ship, called the Ha f-
fani , bound with the Rehemi to the Red-Sea .
They likewife took out of another Frigat certain
Charcoal, giving the Owners a like Alfignment
upon their Creditors at Surat.
At one, in the Morning, the fourteenth, they
met with a Bank, whereon they had from fix-
teen to thirteen Fathoms, and fuddenly again
twenty and twenty-two Fathoms : After which,
they hauled up by a Wind fome three Leagues
Weft by South. From fix o’Clock, in the Morn¬
ing, to Noon, they ran South South -Eaft about
nine Leagues, the Wind being at North, and
their Soundings from twenty to fixteen Fathoms.
They were, at this Time, ten Leagues from
Land, in nineteen Degrees thirty-feven Minutes
Latitude. At one o’Clock, they palled by three
Alallabar Ships, bound for Surat , laden with
Cayro (or Stuff to make Ropes) and Cocoa-Nuts,
which there rode in fourteen Fathom, nine
Leagues from Land, to fpend the Ebb ; and South-
Eaft of feven other Ships, which lay nearer- in
towards the Mountains.
From Noon to Midnight, they went South- NjuticalRe.
Eaft about five Leagues : Moft Part of this Night marks'
being calm, they ran till the fifteenth at Noon
South South-Eaft fix Leagues ; the Wind was a
very gentle Northerly Gale. This Night they
heard feveral great Guns fhot off afhore ; and
their Paffage was in fifteen, thirteen, and twelve
Fathom. The Land was mountainous, mixed
with divers Valleys, like Harbours, or Entries :
Their Latitude, at Noon, was nineteen Degrees
four M inutes. At Sun-fet, they w’ere three Leagues
off Shore, and had, turning in, between twelve
and fix Fathom. From Noon to Midnight, their
Courfe was South by Eaft eleven Leagues, the
Wind Northerly. The fixteenth, to Noon, South
by Eaft twelve Hours, eleven Leagues, the Wind
Northerly, the Land high and full of Harbour¬
like Bays : All along fine Shoaling in five Fathom,
four Miles off Shore; and nine Fathom three
Leagues off. Their Latitude eighteen Degrees
one Minute.
called the Remi.
Hhh This
C:me ta Da-
kui.
Traffic tberf,
P ntufueze
Ship i takin.
Voyages of the
This Day, at Sun-fet, they anchored infeven a
Fathom, abreaft of the Bar of Dabul ; to which
Town the General went, in Hopes to fell fome
of his Englijb Commodities. The feventeenth,
in the Morning, he went in the Frigat near the
Bar, to di! cover the Depth, which was five Fa¬
thom, very near the South Point of the Entrance ;
but very little farther Northwards, towards the
Middle of the Entrance, but two Fathom. The
Latitude of this South Point, is feventeen Degrees
thirty-four Minutes : The Variation fifteen De- I
grees thirty-four Minutes. 4-
The fame Day, about Noon, two Boats came
from the Governor : One carried a Prefent of
three Bullocks, certain Sheep, Plantains, Bread,
and Water-Melons ; the other brought the Mef-
fengers, who were fent to inquire what they were,
and their Bufinefs ; although they knew them at
Mokha , and could not but have heard of their
being at Surat. The Meflage, according to the
Indian Manner, was delivered with many Com¬
pliments, and Promifes of all Friendfhip : 1 hey
added, that the Merchants fhould receive Money,
Indico, Cloth, and Pepper, for their Goods ;
which was more than they had Orders to fay, or
the Englifn could expert : For whatever Indico,
Cloth, and Pepper, they had, was forthwith to be
fent aboard their own Ships, bound for the Red-Sea.
However, upon thefe kind Promifes, the Ge¬
neral fent Merchants alhore, with a Prefent to
the Governor, and Samples of Englijb Cloth, and <
other Commodities: But could fell none, except
a fmall Quantity of Broad-cloth, and Kerfeys of
the beft and lighteft Colours} (as Stammels, Pop-
pinjay, Green, and the like) andLead in Pigs: The
Governor bought the Red-lead, but fent it aboard
again : And, much in the fame Manner, as they
had experienced at Surat , dealt double with them ;
granting free Leave to fell, yet underhand, em¬
ployed Men to reftrain, or drive away, fuch as
came to buy : So that no Man buying Goods but
himfelf, he had the foie fixing of the Price. As
for Corn, other Provifion, and Water, they were
favoured with as much as they wanted for their
Money } and at lafl, got a Cable of eighteen
Inches, made of the Indian Materials, ninety-fix
Fathom in Length, worth eight Pound Sterling ,
for one of the Darling's Anchors. Whether fuch
Kindnefles proceeded from their good Difpofition
towards Strangers, or not, the Captain could not
judge : For in Regard they prefently blazed it a-
broard, and gave Information at Mokha ^ that the
Englifh fuffered none to impofe on, or wrong them
unrevenged, they might poflibly carry it fair to
them on that Account.
The twenty-fixth, in the Afternoon, befides
feveral Malabar Merchant Ships, which anchored
by them, they faw in the Offing a great Ship and
Two Hours before Night, the General
5
English to the East Indies.
fent the Darling to bring her in: But for Fear 1 61
Ihe fhould lofe her in the Night, and was not of Douat<
Force enough to command her, when it grew'-* V
dark, he fent Captain Dounton in the Pepper-Corn ,
with his Frigat well manned, to attend him.
About Midnight, though very dark, the Captain
got Sight of her riding at Anchor, and fent the
Frigat to the other Frigat, which was running
away. The great Ship alfo having gotten Sight of
them, was under Sail : But being commanded to
fir ike, fhedid fo. Prefently there came a Canoa
with a Soldier, and two more, to excufe the Cap¬
tain’s not coming on board; faying, he was old
and infirm, and that their great Boat was fo heavy
laden, that they could not row her.
Hereupon, Captain Dounton was conllrain- Tie Sa
Frigat.
ed, much againft his Inclination, to fend his own flureltr
Pinnace, for fome of the principal Merchants and
Soldiers : However, to prevent Pillaging, he gave
the Cockfwain ftriCl Charge not to fufter any to
c go into the Ship; the Captain intending, that the
General fhould be the firft who entered her. The
Englijb Frigat returned with the Portuguese Frigat
they had taken ; one of whofe Men had been kil¬
led in her Flight. Captain Dounton , having taken
feveral of the Portuguese aboard, gave the reft
Orders to ftand in with the Frigat for Dabul :
But perceiving they fleered wrong, which he
judged to be done on Purpofe ; and that being
gotten a little on-head, the Pepper- Corn with all her
d Sails, could not fetch them up ; he caufed them
to be hailed, to take in their Sails, for Fear they
fhould mend their Sailing, and get away. Then
calling Anchor, he went into his Cabbin, to ex¬
amine fome of the Portuguese , what their Ship
was laden with. Mean while, his Mafter pre¬
tending to doubt, whether the Ship was anchored
or not°without the Captain’s Order, or Privity,
fent his Pinnace aboard, with one of his Mates,
who not only went into the Ship, but fell to
s rifling; and, though often called to, flaid his own
Time.
However, Captain Dounton to be even with Prjij.
him, caufed Thomas Glenham , John Staughten^f
George Cockham, and Robert Mico the Purfer, tor‘£t'
be ready at the Ladder with a Lanthorn and Can¬
dle, to fearch them one by one, as they came
aboard, (in Sight of the Portuguese ) and turn
them out of the Boat : Which being done, and
the Things thrown into the Boat’s Stern, th«
f Captain fent the fame Perfons back in the Portu¬
guese Ship, with the Goods again, ordering the
Purfer, to tell thole aboard, that if any Thing
was wanting, they who had been aboard without
his Direction, fhould make Satisfaction. Thomas
Love , George Jtjfe , and Matthew Bragge , three
Mailers Mates of the Admiral, being lately dead,
the Frigat was now commanded by one Terrie , a
Servant to Giles Thornton : Who, although flri&ly
charged
Voyages of the English
l6l2. charged to the contrary, went out with the
jounton.' Frigat, and getting on board before the Boat, he,
✓VVand thofe with k'm’ ran into the Ship, where
they broke open Chefts, and took away whatever
they thought fit ; giving ill Language to fuch as
were fent to reftrain them. Captain Dounton ,
greatly difturbed at this Proceeding, defired Wil¬
liam Pemberton , in the Darling , to inform the
General thereof, in order to recover the Goods
before the Plunderers fhould have Time to convey
them away.
jbtdby the He was no fooner apprifed^of the Matter, but
f.ntral.
oe Portu-
j ezt dif.
at one o’ Clock, when they all anchored by him,
he commanded both the Frigats, wherein thofe
of the Pepper-Corn were, to anchor-off', and none
of them to come aboard him. This done, he
and the Author, attended by the Captain and
Merchants of the Portugueze Ship, went firft to
his own, and then the Prize Frigat, and had
every one narrowly fearched ; turning them out
one by one, as the Things were taken from them. <
After this, the Englijh fmall Frigat was by their
Pinnace towed aboard the Portugueze Ship, and
the Goods reftored to the Proprietors. This Ship,
of about three hundred Tons, was called the St.
Nicholas : It belonged to Koch'tn , and was bound
to Chaul. Their Lading confuted principally of
dried Cocoa Nuts, fomeTin, black Sugar, and
RackaNuts; ten Fats of China Ware; certain
Bags of Alom, and fome Cayro, or Baft-Ropes.
They would not own to any Bills of Lading, nor '
could the Englijh find them, after all their Search.
They took from them certain Bails of China
Taw Silk ; fome fmall Quantity of Cloves, with
a few Caniftres, and three Chefts of Cinnamon,
befides fome Wax to make Candles : But this was
no more than a Mite, in Comparifon of the Da¬
mages done the Englijh , by the Portugueze.
The Frigat belonged to Chaul , and was bound
to Ormus .* Her Burden was iixty Tons, and her
Lading Rice, and Tamarinds. Out ol her, they
took certain Bags of Rice for their Provifion.
This Bufinefs held them doing every Day fome-
what till the firft of March. By this Frigat, the
General fent away fuch Portugueze , as came to
him from the Army at Surat ; to wit, Lorenzo de
Campo , and his Confort ; the Fellow taken in the
Frigat, and the two Boys who came from their
Matters; giving each of them Money, according
to his Quality, befides the Cloaths that had been
made for them. To the Merchant, who owned
moft of the Silk, he gave a fine Piece of Broad¬
cloth ; and to the Captain of the Frigat, from
whom he took the Rice, another Kerfey. This
Day, the Governor fent to give the General Notice,
that the great Kafilah , which paft by the lixth of
February , towards Kambaya , would either the
next Day, or Night following, again pafs by in
to the EastIndies.
its Return towards Goa : But the Englijh faw
nothing of them.
The fourth, the General called them toge¬
ther, to confult what was beft to be done, fhew-
ing his Defire to fail for Goa , to demand Repa¬
ration from the Vice-Roy, for the Wrongs done
them by the Portugueze ; to the End, that if he
refufed their Demand, they might have the better
Warrant to make Reprisals upon luch of their
Ships as they fhould meet with. This Propofal
was thought very reafonable : But in regard they
were ftinted in Point of Time, and were to ex¬
pert many dilatory, as well as treacherous Pro¬
ceedings, it was concluded, that as the Time did
not yet ferve, to go to the Southwards, about
Cape Komerin , they fhould, in the Interim, re¬
turn to the Red- Sea, to fee if they could get
thofe Goods off their Hands, which were left ;
recover fome of their Loffes from the Subjects of
the Great Mogol, and take farther Revenge on
the Lurks at Mokha , and Aden , for the Mifchief
they have formerly done them : But principally
to refeue, or defend the Ship ; which, as the Ge¬
neral was informed from Mafulipatan , had been
fent, by the Company, into thofe Parts.
SECT. XI.
The Fleet leaves Dabul. Paffes by Sokotra.. Abdal
Kuria. Letters left on Land. Reflation to fe-
1 par ate, and objlrutt the Turks Trade. Inter¬
cept an Indian Ship ; but do her no Harm. Boat
frojn Aden. Rife an Indian Ship. The Aga s
Prefent rejected. Jelbas fopped. Sail for the
S freights of Mekka. Two large Ships in Sight.
Two taken , and rfed.
TH E fifth, at fix in the Morning, they fet
Sail from Dabul , {landing North North -
Weft along the Coaft ; (the General being de-
firous to fee the Ship of Rochin , near Chaul , where
2 fhe was bound, clear of Danger from the Mala¬
bar s, their Enemies) and at Sun- fet, they an¬
chored in feven Fathom, one League from Land,
fix from Dabul , and nine fhort of Chaul. The
Wind at South, and fo veering to the Weft-
wards. „ , , , .
From the Coaft of India to Sokotra , they this
Time daily found their Ship farther to the South¬
wards, than by their Courfe they could expe£t ;
and efpecially when they were abreaft of the Gull,
f or Entrance of Sinus Perfcus , which the Author
imagined, to be fome Current fetting thence to
the Southwards.
The twentieth of March , the General fent
William Pemberton (in the Darling) before him to
Sokotra , to inquire after the faid Ship, bound lor
the Red-Sea. . , ,
The twentv-fourth, at ten in the Mornin0,
hi
4*9
1612.
Dounton.
Dtfgns of
the Genera t.
Depart frork
Dabul,
Hh
Pafi by So
lioua.
42 0 Voyages of ^ Engli
1613. they defcried Land, bearing Weft South-Weft,
Dcu'itofl. about eight Leagues diftant, being the Eaftern
^ End of Sokotra, which is High-land, cOnfifting of
four white Clifts, or Sand-Hills; the Northern
Part whereof they could not difcern, the Weather
being hazy.
The twenty-fifth of March, [1613] at Sun-
fet, the Point of Delijha bore South-Eaft, four
Leagues diftant. Next Day, at five in the Morn¬
ing, it fell calm ; and the Current fetting North¬
ward upon the Rock of Saboyna , they were forced
to anchor on the South South-Eaft Side of it, half
a Mile diftant, in twenty Fathom Water. There
is abundance of Fifti at this Rock. Between
nine and ten o’ Clock, they again fet Sail with a
South Wind, {landing Weftwards of Cape Guar-
dafui.
AbdaJKuria. The twenty-feventh, about four in the Morn¬
ing, the Rocks to the Northwards of Abdal Ka¬
rla % (three Leagues and a half diftant) bore
North of them half a Mile off, which is by Efti- '
mation, twenty Leagues "Weft by South, from the
Weftern Point of Sokotra. The Depths they
there found, were fixtcen, feventeen, and eigh¬
teen Fathom. Day being come, they faw the
Ifiand of Abdal Kurla. Next Morning, at fix
o’ Clock, Cape Guardafui bore South-Eaft feven
Leagues diftant, and Mount Fcelix b Weft, half
a Point Southerly, nine Leagues. They palled
within four Miles of the Land ; and had forty,
thirty-nine, thirty, twenty- feven, twenty-three, d
twenty-one, eighteen, and fifteen Fathom. A-
bout three, Afternoon, having a Fret of Wind
at Eaft North-Eaft, they anchored in rough
Ground, in feven Fathom, a Mile an a half Weft
of Mount Fcelix. The General coafted all this
Shore in his Frigat. Having taken aboard three
of the Country People, he gave them Letters to
deliver to the Darling , if {he came there after
their Departure ; and fo put them afhore again.
They informed the General, that four Days be¬
fore his Arrival, four Indian Ships pafled by to¬
wards the Red-Sea.
L/tttrs left The twenty-ninth, in the Morning, the Ge-
*n Land. neral fent Letters toothers on Land, to be de¬
livered to the Darling. The Inhabitants brought
down to fell, a good many Sheep, fmall Goats,
with fome Frailes of Olibanum, and Gum Ara¬
bic ; all which they had at reafonable Rates : The'
People took them all this while fox Mohammedans,
and not Chrijlians , or (as they call them) Franges ,
whom they have an Averfion to. The Boat re¬
turning about Noon, the General thought fit to
ftay no longer for the Darling: Wherefore they
s h to the East Indies.
1 let Sail, Handing towards Aden in Arabia. At 161*
four, Afternoon, Mount/'W/x bore Eaft by South Dounton
half a Degree South, fome eight Leagues diftant.
From Noon, the thirtieth, to one o’ Clock
in the Morning, the thirty-firft, thirteen Hours,
North-Weft eighteen Leagues, the Wind at Eaft
North-Eaft. This Day, Afternoon, they deferi-
ed the Land of Arabia Faelix. The thirty-firft,
in the Morning, at one o’ Clock, being near
Shore, they tacked to the Southwards, to wade
> the Time till Day. At five, they eaft about again
North- Weft to Landwards. From fix in the
Morning, to fix, Afternoon, twelve Hours, they
flood along the Coaft Weft by South, and Weft
South-Weft thirteen Leagues, always keeping
within five Miles of Shore, in Depths between
eighteen and thirty Fathom : From fix o’ Clock,
to Midnight, fix Flours Weft South-Weft, fix
Leagues.
The firft of April, from Midnight, till fi xRtfrMm
; Clock, Weft by South, half South, five Leagues, f'Par‘te>
at which Time, by Eftimation, they were eigh¬
teen Leagues fhort of Aden. This Day, the Gene¬
ral fent for Captain Dcunton , Meflieurs Lazvfe,
and Fowler, to confult about their Separation :
^\t length, it was concluded, that the Pepper-
Corn fhould ply before the Port of Aden, to keep
all Indian Ships from entering, or ftayino- there
and put them by towards the Red-Sea ; whither
the General was to repair with the Trade' s- In-
creafe.
The fecond, from Midnight, to fix o’ Clock,
Weft South-Weft three Leagues, little Wind at
Eaft. About eight o’ Clock in the Morning,
when they fhould have feparated, about eight
Leagues Eaftward of Aden, they found the Dar¬
ling at Anchor. She had got before them, by
Reafon of their Lingering for her four Days : She
had done her Bufinefs at Sokotra , and left that
Ifiand before the General paft it ; and got a Day
before him, in her Palfage, by the Saboyna , Ab¬
dal Kuria, and Mount Fcelix, where he lingered
for her. She brought from thence, the Copy of
a Letter, left with the King, by Captain John
Saris ; who, had under his Command, the Clove ,
the Hedlor, and the Thomas , fignifying, thatnot-
withftanding the Account Sir Henry gave in his
Letter, of the villanous Treatment received in
the Red-Sea , yet he with his faid Ships was gone
thither. Immediately, the General, with th e jr.dobftnit.
Trade’ s-Increafe, and Darling , departed towards Turk?
the Bdb, leaving Captain Dounton at an Anchor, '*radl'
to execute the Orders before given him.
The third, atone in the Morning, the Cap-
a In Pure has, Abba del Curia. Captain Hamilton calls it, Abdel Curl. See the Chart of the Eallern Coaft of
™ hls new Account of the Eaft Indies. b The fame Author tells us, the Arabs call it Baba Filek,
VV hence Europeans have made Fcelix.
tain
Voyages of the Engli
yfrli, tain fet Sail, and flood Southwards, the better to a
■oumon. difcover : And thus all Day kept up toWind-
wards of Aden. In the Morning, he faw three
Sail, which were bound for Aden , but flood away
from him; fo that he could not come near them
all Night. The Wind blowing hard, he did not
anchor, but lay a-hull, to try how much the
Ship drove, which he found to be three Leagues
in ten Hours, running thus farther in : And the
fourth, about feven in the Morning, he anchored
in twelve Fathom, three or four Miles from the b
Town of Aden.
•rapt an The twelfth, in the Morning, a little after
Lstij>, Midnight, they fet Sail to crofs her a; and at
Day- break, defcried her riding at Anchor, three
Miles to the Southward of them. She feeing them
prepare to bear up with her, prefen tly was under
Sail, and flood in with Aden: But between nine
and ten o’ Clock, the Pepper-Corn fhooting off" a
Piece at her, thofe on board ftruck their Top-
fails, and fent in their Boat. They told the Cap- c
tain, they were bound to Aden ; and that their
Ship belonged to the Samorin , or King of Kale-
kut, from whence they had been out forty Days;
that they palled near Sokotra , and touched at
Mount Fcelix , where, they faw the Letter, left
there by the General for the Darling : As alfo a
Ship of Dabul , which came from Achin. The
Nakbdda of this Ship, was called Abraham Abba
Zeinda b ; her Burden was one hundred and forty
Tons ; and the Cargo, according to their Infor- d
mation, as followeth : Tameric, three Tuns;
Rice, twenty-three hundred Kintals ; Jagaza, or
brown Sugar, forty Bahars; Cardamum, feven
Bahars; Ginger dry, four Kintals and an half;
Pepper, a Ton and half ; Cotton, thirty-one
Packs; each Pack containing five or fix Maunds:
She had in her threefcore and thirteen Perfons, for
the Ufes following: Twenty, to bale Water, and
other Bufinefs below ; eight for the Helm ; four
for Top and Yard, and other Bufinefs aloft; e
twenty Boys for d refling feveral Mens Victuals ;
the reft Merchants and Pilgrims.
tide hr m They being of a Place, whofe Inhabitants
l never wronged our Nation, the Captain difmiffed
them, without taking any of their Goods, ex¬
cepting two Tuns of W ater, which they fpared
him. However, as he would by no Means permit
them to go to Aden , they were very uneafy : So
that he was obliged to tell them, if they offered
to attempt it, he would fink their Ship, and f
leave them their Boat to fave their Lives. Yet,
their Unwillingnefs to depart, made him threaten
them farther ; that if they did not get away be¬
fore any other Sail came in View, he Ihould be
S H to the E A s T I N D I E S. 42 I
forced to fink their Ship, to prevent their Dealing 161 j.
with the Turks , his Enemies. Upon this, they D .untofu
fet Sail, and flood fomewhat off the Land ; but'— —v — J
to Leewards: So that he was under a Neceflity
to keep plying oft’ and on all Day and Night, for
Fear in the Dark, they (hould flip into Aden. It
muff: be obferved, that as foon as any Ship from
the Eaftward, or elfewhere, came in View, (he
had Notice given her by the Governor of the
Town, of Captain Dountori s being on the Coaft,
before he could come to fpeak with her ; and
when he had, the Malabar , under Command,
the Governor, fent a Boat aboard with feveral
Arabs , and two Turkijh Soldiers of the Town,
who had formerly been fome of the Inftruments
employed by Abdal Rahman c Aga , to bind and
torture the Captain’s Men, then in their Hands.
Thefe doubtlefs came as Spies, to fee what Ship
fhe was ; and, to colour their Defign, brought
fome Fruit to fell.
A s foon as they faw who their Vifitants were, Boat from
(for they knew them immediately) they would A'ien*
fain have put off their Boat and been gone ; but
the Captain would not permit them. Being come
on board, he caufed them to be put in Mind of
their cruel Treatment of his People : But with¬
out ufing any harfh Language ; and when he
thought they were fufficiently terrified by the
Convi&ion of their own Minds, he ordered them
to be told, that they fhould notwithftanding fee
how far his Nation exceeded the Turks in Lenity.
For that, although they had moft cruelly handled
his Men, after inviting them on Shore, under
the moft folemn Promifes of Friendfhip and Se¬
curity ; and, although he knew, they themfelves
had been concerned in afflicting them, yet he
would let them go without doing them any
Injury. Hereupon they departed, promifing
next Day to bring more Refrefhments. Next
Morning, they fent a Boat with good Fifli, and
promifed to come anon with better Provifions,
which they were providing : But the Pepper-Corn
being under Sail, to put the Malabar to Leeward,
flood off too far for them to row to her. Had
that Ship ftaid, the Aga might have permitted
them to perform their Promifes.
The fourteenth, in the Morning, the Wind B'jit an in-
at Eaft, they defcried another Ship of like Bur- dian SbiP
then, bound alfo for Aden. Having forced her
to Anchor, about ten o’Clock, the Captain fent
aboard to fearch her, and bring away fome of her
Men, w’hile he caufed his Boat to be hoifted out.
By them he underftood, they were of Pormean , a
Town not far from Kuts Nagone d, tributary to the
Great Mogol , who had abufed the Englijh Nation,
a Something is omitted : For we find nothing concerning this Ship before. Rather, Ibrahim Abu.
Zeynda, or perhaps, Sinda. c Or, Abd arrahmdn. In Purchas, Abdrahetnan. d In Pure has
here. Cults Nagoone. It is a Place in the Peninfula of Guzerat, not far from the mpfl YVeftern Cape.
and
422 Voyages of the E n g l i s
1613. and who defpifed their King; the Nakhada ;
Dounton. being a Bannian. Captain Dounton being at An-
■ -V"*-' chor with his Ship, two Miles from Aden , and
finding by the Malabars working the Day be¬
fore, that if any other Sail, of ever fo much
Importance, fhould approach before he could fi-
nifh his Bufinefs with her, he mult leave one or
other of them, to go where fhe thought fit ; he
therefore judged it better to fend his own People
to fearch what fhe had in her, than examine
thofe who belonged to her. Thus, with great
Labour in rummaging before Night-fall, they
had out of her fourteen Packs of coarfe Dutty,
of fix Corges a Pack ; and thirty-fix Ballets,
containing fo many Corges of the like Dutties ;
one fmall Ballet of Candekins-mill (or fmall blue
Pieces of Calico) with thirty, or more, white
Baftas ; a little Butter and Lamp-Oil : Thefe
were all fit for them. The reft of her Loading
were Packs of Cotton, which, next Day, they
propofed to examine.
Azi'iPrt- This Day Maharim , Aga of Aden , fent the
fMC Captain a Prefent of Hen-Eggs, Limes and
Plantains, which he would not look upon as
fuch ; fending Word by the Meffenger, that the
manifold Injuries done his Friends and Nation at
Aden the Year before, had brought him there a-
gain to revenge himfelf, by giving Difturbance
to the Turks. And that as his Coming was not
to merit Favours at their Hands, fo he refolved
to receive none of their diffembling Courtefies :
For fince they cut the Throats of the Englijh ,
when they came to them in Friendfhip, they
■could expeCt no real Kindnefs from them now,
that they came to put all the Turks in thofe
Parts to Defiance. He added, with regard to
the Prefent, that as it was fent, his People fhould
take them for their own Ufe, giving as much as
the Things were worth. There likewife came
aboard, a Fifhing-Boat, with Store of frefli Fifh,
which the Captain caufed to be bought for Sup¬
per ; always making the Bringer to eat Part of
what he brought.
The twenty-fixth, in the Morning, they de-
fcried a Sail to the South of Aden, plying to the
Eaft wards. In the Afternoon the Pinnace, be¬
ing fent to fetch her, brought her near. She was
a Jelba of Shaker , bound home, laden with
Grain, Opium, and other Commodities; be-
lides divers Pilgrims from Alekka , as Paflengers.
je’.bas Jicp~ Next Morning they faw a Jelba plying to the
Eaftwards, between them and Shore : The Pin¬
nace being fent to fetch her off, file proved to be
the fame that had palled by the feventeenth and
twenty-fecond. Of thofe aboard, for a Trial,
they bought nine Pounds and a half of Opium;
and fo again difmiffed them.
a Larrif Lurrif or, Louri Bandar. b In Purchas, Z
h to the East Indies.
1 The twenty-eighth, in the Morning, they 1613.
fet Sail, plying off and on to Windwards of A- Dounton
den , with the Wind at Eaft. Next Day in the'—— y— *
Afternoon, having defcried two Sail ftanding to¬
wards Aden , the Captain, in the Evening, fent
his Pinnace well manned, to bring them in ;
which, by four o’Clock the thirtieth, was effeCt -
ed. They both belonged to a Place on the Ha -
bafhin Coaft, called Bandar Xeada. One was la¬
den only with Mats ; the other with fome Mats,
b and fixty-eight Sheep, with great Rumps, which
they bought, and fo difmiffed them. They pre¬
fen tly failed into Aden ; the Wind at Eaft South-
Eaft, and Eaft North-Eaft.
The eighth, with an eafy Gale of Wind at Sail fa tU
North-Eaft by Eaft, they continued plying to- Stnigbu.
wards the Bab. At ten of the Clock they defcried
the Land on the Habajhin Side, which appear¬
ed like an Bland, till they drew nearer. From
thence they fleered North-Weft, towards the
c Bab (then, by Eftimation ten Leagues diftant)
which, towards four in the Afternoon, they had
Sight of. Here they lingered off and on to fpend
the Night. Day-light appearing, they flood in to¬
wards the Bab , at the Entrance whereof they
perceived a fmall Sail a-ftern of them*. Where¬
fore the Captain ftruck his Top-fails to ftay for
her, and fent off his Pinnace, which brought the
Nakhada and Malim aboard. They were Sub¬
jects to the Great Mogol , and belonged to a Place
d called Larree a, at the Mouth of the River of Sin -
di b. He luft up with them into a Bay on the
Eaft Side, and anchored in feven Fathom ; and
fending his Merchants to fearch what fhe was la¬
den with, they found feveral Packs of Cloth, and
of Seeds of divers Sorts ; befides Leather, Jars
of Butter, and a great Quantity of Oil, fome
for eating, and fome for burning in Lamps.
A s the Captain could not keep her for want 7w» lari
of Water, fhe having no Paflengers, and was^"*
e uncertain of a Wind, he refolved to take out the^
Packs of Cloth fitteft for their Purpofe, with
fome Butter and Oil for Ufe in the Ship, and fo
let them go on to Mokha. They had fcarce fet
about this Work, when, towards three in the Af¬
ternoon, they defcried, opening the Eaft Land of
the Streights, a Ship of two hundred Tons ; and,
immediately following her, a huge Sail, whofe
Main-yard was forty-three Yards long. Thefe
Ships being very near, before they could be feen for
f the Land, the great one, by the Afliftanceof Wind
and Tide, had gotten a-head of th t Pepper-Corn,
before the Captain could get out of Bay to crofs
her : So that he was brought to a Stern-Chafe.
But drawing nearer, they knew her, by her Mafts
and Tops, to be the Mahmudi c, of Dabul , their
Friend ; fo that they were difappointed in their
inde. c In Purchas, Mahomed;: Afterwards, Mabumody.
Expectations
Voyages En gli
jgl g, Expectations of a Prize : Yet the Captain, know-
t)>unton. ing the Pride of the Nakhdda , would gladly
\rr^ have exercifed his Authority over him ; for that
he would never vouchfafe to vifit the General,
either in the Road of Mokha , or at Dabul : But
finding the Veffel gained Ground of him, he
gave them one Shot, and flood again with the
other Ship.
'wtiUn This latter, feeing the Englijh follow the
j ^ * great one, ftruck a-hull, thinking to lofe them
by the Darknefs of the approaching Night. Cap- b
tain Dounton took her to be a Ship of Diu, but
when they came up with her, the Men faid they
were of Kuts nagone , a Place not far from the
River of Sindi. She was laden with Cotton, a
few Packs of Callico, fome Butter and Oil. The
Captain having gotten feme of the principal
Men aboard him, caufed them to edge-up with
him into flioal Water, on the Arab Coaft:
Where, by Lights, he endeavoured to find out
the Larree Ship, wherein he had left five Men ; <
and at Night they anchored in twelve Fathom,
four Leagues within the Bab. Here, the next
two Days, they took out of the Larree Ship, fixty-
fix Bundles of Calico (which, for that they were
otherwife furnifhed for all their Englijh Commo¬
dities, and needed it not, was redelivered to them,
with Part of the Butter and Oil; only eight
Gorges of Baftas, for which they were paid). Thefe
Things being taken out, the Captain put on board
her the Paflengers and Pilgrims of the Cotton c
Ship, and fent a Letter by them to Sir Henry
Middleton , in cafe they (hould find him in the
Road of Mokha : But before they departed, the
Englijh faw a Jelba coming towards them from
the Bab ; and becaufe the Wind was not good,
they fent their Canoa before, for Expedition.
The Mailer informed the Captain, that he be¬
longed to Bandar Zeadq , a Town on the Ha-
baflAn Coaft, half a Day’s Journey, Weftward,
from Bendar Kaffum ; that he was bound to Mo- <
kha , with Mats ; that going on Land, as he paf-
fed the Bab , he was told by one, who faid he had
a Letter for Captain Dounton , that his Country¬
men were gone to Affab , with eight or or nine
/Wfi™ Ships: But that he who had the Letter would
not fend it by him, becaufe he expedted a Reward,
in cafe the Captain {hould be put back to the
Bab. Upon this Advice, the Captain fet Sail the
fame Afternoon ; but the Wind not proving fa¬
vourable, he anchored again,
SECT. XII.
Captain Dounton joins the General. Meffage from
the Aga. Conference aboard. Nothing agreed
en. Delays of the Turks. Offers made by the
S H to the EAST INDIES. 423
Indians. Accepted by Sir Henry. Leaves the 1613.
Red -Sea. Nautical Remarks. Effects of Don tor.
Currents. Sea Snakes , Sign of Land. Magi-
filan. Sail along the Coajl of Malabar. Pafs
Cape Komorin. Cape Galle, in Seylan, or
Ceylon.
NEXT Morning, Sir Henry fent Giles Thorn- y0;n fa
ton , Mailer of his Ship, to welcome Cap- General.
tain Dounton , and let him know, that he had at
Command all the defined Ships of India: As, the
Rcbem't , Burthen fifteen hundred Tons; the Haf-
fani , fix hundred ; the Mahmtidi a, of Surat , one
hundred and fifty; the Sallamita , four hundred
and fifty; the Kadri, two hundred Tons; the
Azum khani, (the Shah Bandar of Mokha' s Ship)
two hundred Tons; all of Diu : Befides three
Malabar Ships ; the Kadri , of Dabul, four hun¬
dred Tons ; and a great Ship of Kananor. He
added, that before the Captain could get into the
: Road, the General and Captain Saris, with their
People, in grand Parade, would be gone on Shore
to receive the King of Rahita ; who was come
with his Nobility and Guards, to vifit the two .
Generals. Towards Night, leaving the King in
his Tent, they went aboard the Trade' s-Increafe
to Supper. There Captain Dounton underltood,
that a Contradl was made between them at the
Bab ; whereby it was agreed, here to put off all the
Englijh Goods, for fuch Indian Wares as Ihould
l be thought fit, by certain Merchants on both
Sides.
About the fame Time, Mammiy Captain of
the Galleys, and others, came from the Gover
nor of Mokhay to capitulate with Sir Henry, and
know his Demands, in Satisfaftion for pall Inju¬
ries. The General having infilled on a hundred
thoufand Ryals of Eight, they defired Time, to
fend to Zenan , to know Joffar b Bajha's Plea-
fure ; and then took Leave. Mean Time, the
5 Darling , having taken- in a finall Cargo of In¬
dian Cloths, departed on the nineteenth towards
Tekoa. She was followed, on the twenty-third,
by the Thomas , fent by Captain Saris. This
Day alfo, Sir Henry difmiffed the Azum khani ,
belonging to Shermal , Shah Bandar of Mokha.
The thirtieth, a general Confultation was held A Confer,™
aboard the Trade' s-Inereafe, at Dinner, where
Captain Saris , and Captain Towrfon were invi¬
ted. At Noon there came over from Mokha ,
f the Shah Bandar ; Mammi , Captain of the Gal¬
leys, and an Aga : All appointed by the Bajhd , to
confer with Sir Henry about an Agreement.
Finding he would abate nothing of the Sum be¬
fore demanded, they defired Leave to talk with the
Nakhddas, or Captains, of the Indian Ships, and
other principal Merchants ; which, it feemed,
b In Parch as , f’ffor ,
* Mahumadi , in Purchas.
was
Nothing a
gieed on.
424 Voyages 5/ ^ Engl
1613. was to try if they would fuffer any farther Duties
Dounton. to be laid on the Indian Goods, towards raifing
the Money. To this Purpofe they went afhore,
where they had a fine Tent prepared for them :
But feveral of the Nakhadas , on account of for¬
mer Injuries, either forbore Conference, or with-
ftood the Augmentation. When they found they
could not bring their Defign to bear, they took
Leave of Sir Henry , promiiing, that, as foon as
they had the Bajha’s Anfwer, they would let
him know what was to be done. And hereup¬
on the ninth of June they again departed for
Mokha. All this Time the EngliJJj were employed
in rummaging, opening, packing, and repacking
ok Indian Cloths, fit for their Purpofe; giving their
own Commodities in Lieu thereof.
The eleventh. Sir Henry Middleton , with the
Trade1 s-Increafe, and Captain Saris , with the
Clove and He Sior, failed from Ajfab Road, towards
Mokha ; carrying with them all the Indian Ships,
and leaving the Pepper-Corn behind, with a fmall
Ship, called th zjungo: To which Captain Doun-
ton having reftored all the Goods he had taken
out of her, the ninth and tenth of May ,
next Morning, about three o’ Clock, they both
Jet Sail, following the Admiral ; but Wind and
Tide being contrary, they were forced to anchor
three Leagues fhort of the Road. The thirteenth,
the Wind and Tide being fomewhat favourable,
they all weighed about nine in the Morning,
and anchored near the reft, about four in the
Afternoon.
1 Drfjysof tht The nineteenth, Sir Henry perceiving that the
Turks. Turks intended nothing but Delays; and that,
farther to abufe him, they were bufy in unlading
a Ship of Kuts-nagone , laden with Cotton, which
he had determined to hinder, till they came to
an Agreement with him ; he therefore went a-
board the Pepper-Corn , and ordered Captain
Dounton to warp near them: Which he did, dif-
charging feveral Guns at the Turks , till they
gave over their Work. All this Week they put
the Englijh off with Delays.
The twenty -fixth. Sir Henry and Captain Sa¬
ris appointed a Meeting aboard the Mahtnudi of
Dahul ; where all the Nakhadas of the Indian
Ships being fent for, Sir Henry , after repeating
his Complaints againft the Turks , told them :
That notwithftanding he had made himfelf A-
. mends for the Injuries fuftained in India , yet till
fuch Time as he received full Satisfaction from
the Turks alfo, he could not permit them to
trade thither: Wherefore his Refolution was to
carry all ..the Indian Ships out of this Sea with
hi.m ; that the Turks might receive no Benefit
Offer made by them this \ ear. The Nakhadas , unwilling
b theiaix- to make an unprofitable Monfon, and carry back
i s h to tie East Indies.
a their Commodities, defired to come to a Compo-
fition with Sir Henry and Captain Saris, propo- Count!
fing that every Ship Ihould pay a certain Sum'-/*V'
of Money to the Englijh for Liberty to trade.
Sir Henry confidering, that they had no means
to force Satisfaction from the Turks , without far¬
ther prejudicing the Indians , determined to ac¬
cept of their Offer, referving the Satisfaction due
from the Offenders, till another Opportunity. pic-A:CfP,ti
cordingly Compolition was this Day made with 6,rHer,t
b Mir Mohammed Takkey , Nakhdda of the Rehe -
mi, for fifteen thoufand Ryals of Eight ; fhe be¬
ing in Value near equal to the other four Ships.
The fixth of Augujl, the Sums being agreed up¬
on with all the Indian Ships, and in Part receiv¬
ed, Captain Saris fent away his Vice-Admiral,
Captain Towrfon in the He Si or •, and on the thir¬
teenth, having received all his Share of the Com-
pofition Money, left the Red-Sea himfelf.
The fixteenth, at eight in the Morning, th c Leaves ti
c Trade’ s-Increafe and Pepper- Corn fet Sail, and a- Red Sc*,
bout nine at Night, anchored eight Leagues fhort
of the Bah, in feven Fathom Water. The fe-
venteenth, at five in the Morning, they proceed¬
ed, with little Wind ; and at two in the After¬
noon, repaffed the Streight of Bah al mandel:
From whence, at fix o’Clock, they were Eaft
South-Eaft feven Leagues. From fix o’Clock to
ten, the eighteenth, they lay becalmed ; fo that
her Way was inconfiderable. From ten o’Clock
d to Sun-fet, their Courfe was Eaftwards about
three Leagues ; and before feven o’Clock they
anchored in twenty-one Fathom, two Miles from
the Coaft of Arabia, right before the Eaft End of
the great Mountain, and feventeen Leagues from
the Bah.
The nineteenth, at Sun-fet, the faid Moun- Nautiesl
tain bore North-Weft by Weft, eight Leagues
diftant. All this Night, and the twentieth in the
Afternoon, the Wind was fo variable, that they
e did nothing but tack : So that, betwixt Winds
and Current, they were fet fo far back Weft-
wards, as brought the faid Mountain North North-
Eaft of them again. At eleven o’Clock the Wind
came about at W eft a frelh Gale ; and, at Sun-
fet, the High-land of Aden bore North-Eaft by
Eaft, eight Leagues off. All the Night follow¬
ing, they had but very little Wind and variable;
fo that the twenty- firft, at Sun-rifing, they per¬
ceived they had loft, at leaft, two Leagues \Veft-
f wards. From Sun-rifing till Noon, they had a
fmall Gale of Wind, increafing ftronger and
ftronger, at South-Weft, and South-Weft by
South : So that the Captain reckoned he had gone
Eaft South-Eaft about nine Leagues. At Sun-
fet, Aden bore North North-Eaft feven Leagues
off, by a Meridian Compafs. All this Night
In Purchas, Meere Mabumet lackey.
was
1613.
Dounon.
Voyages of the English to the East
was in a Manner calm. From four in the Morn-
S.
wreath
ing to Sun-fet, being twenty-four Hours, the
Ship’s Way, by Eftimation, was fifteen Leagues ;
at which Time Aden bore North- Weft, half
North, diftant five Leagues, clear Weather.
The twenty-third they defcricd the Haba-
fbin Coaft, fifteen Leagues diftant, the Wea¬
ther being clear. The twenty - fixth, they
foQnd fuch a Current, that although, they
lay up North-Eaft by Eaft, North-Eaft, or
North North-Eaft, yet they made their Way all 1
Eafterly, being carried to the Southward by
Force of the fame. The twenty-ninth, they a-
gain defcried Land, which, for its Height, was
at firft judged to be the Coaft of Cape Guarda-
fui ; but the Clouds clearing up from the Tops
of the Hills, they found it to be the fame Land
they faw the Day before : Whence they plainly
perceived how much they were deceived by the
Current ; which, by the Captain’s Eftimate, fet
neareft South-Weft.
From the thirtieth, in the Morning, to the
thirty-firft at Noon, they found, that the Cur¬
rent had fet them to the Northward of their
Courfe. From the laft Day at Noon (what Time
their Latitude was twelve Degrees, thirty-five
Minutes) to the firft of September , at Noon, the
Wind South-Eaftwards, they had not run above
twelve Leagues ; and by their Latitude [the firft
of September ] being thirteen Degrees, thirty- five
Minutes, they found a Difference of almoft a
Degree to the Northwards ; and that they had
loft to the Weft wards, as appeared by the Vari¬
ation, which was lefs by fifty-five Minutes : On
which Account Captain Dcunten judged the Cur¬
rent there to fet neareft Nojrth-Eaft.
hSrakei, For the eight Days following, they had, for
\gnofUrd. tiie moft Part, cl ofe Weather : The tenth and
eleventh, cloudy Weather, with often Showers
of Rain. The twelfth, they faw feveral Snakes
fwimming on the Top of the Water; which, in
boifterous Weather, feldom appear ; yet a fure
Sign of being near the Coaft of India. The
thirteenth, they faw more Snakes, and had from
fifty-five to forty Fathom Water.
The fourteenth, at Sun-rifing, they defcried
high Land, bearing Eaft by North about fixteen
Leagues. They ftood-in Eaft by South till four
in the Afternoon, and the neareft Coaft between
them and the high Land bore Eaft eight Leagues
off, at which Time they directed their Courfe
'South along the Coaft of India : They found the
Water, for the moft Part, muddy and thick,
with fome fudden Spots of clear. Their Depth,
while they flood in Eaft and by South, were from
thirty to twenty Fathom ; and in their South
Indie
into fixteen Fathom, and fo to
425
1613.
D ounton
. Courfe edging
twenty-five.
The fifteenth, they ftill kept at the like’-
Depths, having a gentle Gale at North North-
Weft, and clear Water, but no Snakes appeared. ''aua'° *
The fixteenth, running along the Coaft of India ^
or Malabar , between twenty and fixteen Fa¬
thom, about one o’Clock they were Weft of an
high Hill. of great Note, which ftretcheth like a
Point into the Sea, having all low Land to Sea-
1 wards. On the North-fide, the Land fell away
to the Eaftwards, and on the South-fide made a
Bay. The higheft Part of this Sea-coaft Moun¬
tain ftands neareft in twelve Degrees ten Minutes ;
which fhould be the Land of Magiftlan.
At two next Morning, the Wind turned a-
gainft them at South-Weft, with thick Weather,
and much Rain, continuing till Day-light, at
what Time, they being on a Lee-fhore, and un¬
known Coaft, the Wind veered up to the North-
: wards, and they edged off into deeper Water,
Meanwhile, they loft Company of the Admiral;
but at Day-break, they met again, and directed
their Courfe Southward.
The eighteenth, the Land being covered with TbeC»aJi»f
Mills, was fcarcely to be difeerned. This Day Malabar,
moft of the Way they made wTas by Help of the
Current ; their Depths were between twenty-five
and twenty-nine Fathom all oozy Ground. The
nineteenth, they were fallen fourteen Leagues
1 from the Coaft, the Wind at South-Weft, fair
Weather, with fome little drizzling Rain, till
nine at Night ; no Ground at forty Fathom.
From nine to eleven o’Clock, they had a violent
Shower of Rain, and the Wind a little Norther¬
ly : But after the Rain, it came about Eaft North-
Eaft, their Depth at Midnight was forty-four Fa¬
thom ; being, by Eftimation, about ten Leagues
off the Malabar Coaft. The twentieth, they
had fair Weather, the Wind very variable, their
= Depths forty-four and forty-five Fathom all Day,
with oozy Ground. The twenty-firft, they had
very little Wind, and variable till three o’Clock
in the Afternoon ; when there fell abundance of
Rain, with the Wind at North North-Weft,
thick Weather, and forty-five Fathom Water.
At nine, next Morning, they defcried Cape Kom-
merin a ; to which the Coaft here, by the Captain’s
heft Obfervation, lay South-Eaft.
The twenty-third, they had fair Weather, and pjf \ Cipt
f the Wind at South- Weft by Weft. At five, in theK‘»morl(n
Afternoon, they defcried the high Land to theEaft-
ward of Cape Kommerin , bearing North North-
Weft, diftant eighteen Leagues. The twenty-
fourth, they had a very ftiff Gale between the South
South-Weft, and Weft, with much Rain, Clouds,
VOL. I.
N° 21.
Called by others, Komorin, and Komori.
I ii
and
426 Voyages p/ f A* E’Nglis
1612 and Fop. Their Courfe, by a reformed Compafs, a
d, antin’ was Eaft South-Eaft. At five o’clock, in the After¬
noon, they had Sight ot Seylan 1 through the Fog,
rifing full of Hummocks; and bearing from North-
Eaft by Eaft, to South-Eaft by South, about fix
Leagues diftant. The twenty-fifth, from Break
of Day till Noon, they were peftered with Va¬
riety of Guffs, and Showers of Rain, the Wind
being large : But the Weather then clearing up,
they defcried the Southermoft Point of Seylan ,
Cape Gaik, called Cape de Galle , bearing North North-Eaff, b
five Leagues off, the Latitude whereof they found
to be five Degrees forty Minutes. The three fol¬
lowing Days they had fair Weather, with fome
few Droppings of Rain, and the Wind between
the South-Weft, and Weft South-Weft. The
twenty-ninth and thirtieth, they continued their
Courfe Eaft South-Eaft, the Wind conftant be¬
tween the South-Weft, and Weft South-Weft,
with very much Rain, and vehement fudden
Guffs, but of fhort Continuance, followed with c
an eafy-fteering Gale. In the Bread-room, they
found much Harm done to their Wheat by wet,
and twenty Pieces of their coarfe Dutties, or
brown Calicos of Pormean (which were put
there for rnoft Security) quite rotten.
SECT. XIII.
Arrive at Tekoa. Sir Henry fails for Bantam :
Followed by Captain Dounton. His Ship fets
en a Rocky and comes off again. Returns to j
Tekoa. Leaves it a fecond Time. Comes to
Pulo Panian. Pepper-Corn fent borne. Comes
to Saldanna Road. Two Portugueze Caraks.
Arrives in Ireland. Captain Dounton feized as
' a Pyrate. Releafed again. Arrives in the
Downs. His Ship arrefed again. Table of
Latitudes.
TH E nineteenth, at three o’Clock in the
Afternoon, they anchored in the Road of
iCKca. Tekoa ; where they found the Darling had been e
ever fince July , in great Part of the Rains,
which were not yet ended. They had in that
Time buried three Merchants, and three Sailors b ;
moft of their Men likewife were fick. They had
gotten but little Pepper, which was ftill on the
Ifland, and little more was to be had, till next
Seafon, which would be April and May ; but the
civil Wars was a great Hinderance to their Trade.
Here alfo they found the Thomas, a Ship of the
eighth Voyage, being newly come from Pria- f
man, where fhe fped no better than the Darling
here. They heard likewife of the fafe Return
as well as good Suceefs of Captain David Middle-
ton ; of the four Ships of the ninth Voyage,
•whereof two wrere already arrived at Bantam ;
h to the East Indies.
and of Captain Caflleton's Man of War: This Gen¬
tleman, who had been here a little before, gave an
Account of fifteen Sail of Hollanders already come,1
or near at Hand, laden with Munition ; and of
two Ships of New Haven in France come alfo to
trade: Which News took away all Hopes of repair¬
ing their tired-out, crofted, and decayed Voyage.
The twenty- fecond, Sir Henry Middleton find¬
ing fuch little Encouragement at this Place, fet fail
the Night following in the Pepper-Corn towards
Bantam , leaving Captain Dounton in the Trade's- In- Hcnr5
creafe to remain till the fixteenth of next Month.
The fecond of November, all the Men of e-
very Kind, in Tekoa , went to the Wars with
Raja Bunefe c, till whofe Return no Bufinefs was
to be done on Land. This Day, in taking up
the Wine, they found a confiderable Quantity
run out, the Cafk being rotten.
The twentieth, they fetched the Remainder
of the Pepper weighed the Day before, in which
they dilcovered much Deceit ; for in fome Sacks
there were fmall Bags of Paddy, in fome Rice,
and in fome great Stones : Alfo rotten and wet
Pepper put into new dry Sacks ; yet there was no
Remedy. Having gotten every thing aboard,
they fet fail near Midnight, in the Moon-fhine,
the Wind at North-Eaft off the Shore. They took
Care to avoid the two known Rocks, three
Leagues from the Ifland, one South by Weft, the
other South by Eaft, having twenty-fix Fathom
between them, oozy Ground; and for better Fdkmdl
Security, fleered back the Courfe they flood the Cf^af0B
fame Day they came. As they ftood-ofF, the oun
Wind fomewhat fhrunk on them ; yet they lay
firft Weft, then Weft by South, and Weft South-
Weft ; laft of all, South-Weft by Weft. The
Current fet them fomewhat Southward, their
Depths proportionably from fourteen to twenty-
feven Fathom, all oozy Ground.
The next Caft, they had four Fathom, and
the Ship fet faft upon a Rock. Sounding, they
found a-ftern four Fathom, and on the Starboard
Midfhipv a Quarter lefs than three Fathoms ; un¬
der the Head, three Fathoms ; and a Ship’s Length Ship fin <*
off, five Fathom. On the Larboard Bow, &R,ck>
Ship’s Length diftant, they had fix Foot, in the
Midfhip, fixteen Foot ; under the Larboard Gal¬
lery, twenty Foot ; and round about, within a
Cable’s Length, deepWater. She remained up¬
on the Rock from a little after three, till five
o’Clock : But, by good Fortune, the Wind grew
calm, and the Sea fmooth ; likewife the Set or
Motion of the Ship (confidering the Place) was
very eafy. Indeed the Water fo increafed in the
Hold, that both their Chain-Pumps, though plied
hard, could not, for a long Time, free the fame
a In Burch as, "Adlan ; afterwards, 7. aland. b To wit, John Fowler, Francis Glanfield, and William
Speed ■ So that it is doubtful, whether tkefe were Merchants or Sailors. f In Pure has, Boonefo.
5 *“*
CO
pi3-
rountcx <
nr-'
fflM
Ln,
faro to
koa.
Voyages c/* English
But their main Endeavour was, with utmoft Ex¬
pedition, to get out a Stern Anchor, which was
let fall in twenty-fix Fathom right a-flern, two
Thirds of a Cable diftant, in order to heave her
off : Which had fo good Effect, that before they
could, with the Capftaine, bring the Cable tight,
the Ship was of her own Accord fet into deep
Water. This was no fooner done, but they had
a Wefterly Gale, whicli put them off' a Mile
from the Rock, where they anchored to wait for
the Boat, which brought their Cadger after them ;
and it being clear Day, they could not difccrn
where the Rock flood.
A principal Reafon for anchoring, was to
try to flop the Leak, the Captain’s Eagernefs to
get to Bantam making him loth to put back a-
gain. He fpent the Day, till two o’Clock, con-
fulting with thofe, appointed to aflift him, what
was beft to be done in their prefent Situation,
which they confidered to be dangerous in feveral
Refpe&s: Firfl, On Account of the Leakinefs of
the Ship, which continually employed many Peo¬
ple at once to keep down the Water. Secondly,
Becaufe they had fcarce any Iron-work for the
Chains to fupply the Pumps, which often broke,
or for Weaknefs flipped : For if they fhould be
long in mending, and the Water fo increafe,
that they could not reach under the Pump, to
fettle the Chains, all Hopes would be near an
End. Thirdly, Becaufe of the defperate Care-
leflnefs of many of the People, in the greatefl
Need, as well as their Weaknefs and Inability to
hold out Labour, occafioned by coarfe Diet as
they pretended. Fourthly, They confidered the
Value of the Ship, and that it required Care to
preferve it. Fifthly, They called to Mind Cap
to the East Indies.
427
The twenty-fecond, twenty-third, and twen- 1614.
ty-fourth, they landed Indico, Cinnamon, and Dounton.
other Things, endeavouring to lighten the Stern, l— ■' ■v— — >
where they knew the Leak was. "They were thus
employed, till the eighth of December , in flop¬
ping the Leaks : Which done, they fet fail from
Tekoa, and with the Boats a-head, got over the it
Bar, having four Fathom at low Water. T hey£afH‘
got without the Ifland by Help of a fine Gale at
North North -Eaft, North North -Well, and
North-Weft ; which, as the Sun grew high,
both dulled, and, at laft, fhrunk upon them : So
that their Courfe lying but South South-Well,
and South by Weft, they came, by Eftimation,
near the Rock they had formerly fet upon. They
made diligent Search with Boats a-head, but could
difeern no Sign of it, the Sea being fmooth :
Then they flood away to the Southwards, South
by Weft, and South, from Sun-fet to Sun-rifing,
the ninth Day, with a fmall Gale at North-Weft
by Weft. Afterwards having fleered South- Weft:
by South ten Leagues, with the Wind at Weft
North- Weft, and Weft, they deferied fomePart
of a great Ifland bearing South Wefterly, and
then fleered away South. This Night they had
much Rain in Gufts, with Thunder and Light¬
ning; the Wind was fickle, fhrinking to the
South-Weft, and South South-Weft. It conti¬
nued not long in that Point, fhifting to the
South-Eaft, Eaft South-Eaft, and Eaft ; and a-
gain to the South-Eaft. They failed about eight
Leagues to Sun-rife, at which Time that Part
of the Ifland, which they faw the Night before,
bore South-Eaft eight Leagues off : Alfo to the
Eaftward, they had Sight of the high Land of
Sumatra, near twenty Leagues diftant. At
tain Sharpey s Misfortunes, and evil Behaviour of Noon, they were in two Degrees eleven Mi-
his People in a like Cafe of greatefl Need.
After weighing Matters thoroughly, the
Captain judged it was the fafeft Way to return
to Tekoa , there to endeavour to flop fuch Part of
the Leak, as they found to be in the fafhioning
Pieces in the Stern. Accordingly they fet fail for
the Ifland, and at Sun-fet anchored in the Place,
which, for their Turns, they defired. This Day,
for a long Time, they kept both Pumps going,
but the Water ftill increafed when the Chain
happened to break, which often happened. The
two Pumps employed at once twelve Men, and
the Labour was fo extreme, that without fhifting
Hands, it could not long be continued : But the
Water being once brought low, one Pump at a
Time, in cafe the Chain held, has always been
fufficient to difeharge it ; and yet it tires all the
People by often fhifting : So that the Captain
found it required more than ordinary Addrefs to
appeafe their Murmurings and Clamours.
nutes South Latitude ; the Northermoft Part of
thofe Iflands lies nine Leagues South-Eaft from the
Sound they came through, between the Wefter
Ifles.
It was the twentieth before they arrived at
Pulo Panlan. The Pepper-Corn having been fit¬
ted there, Sir Henry Middleton called a Council Comeita PaS*
to advife about the Damages which the Tt-ade’s- Pwhtu
Increafe had received upon the Rock : The Refult
was, that fhe muft be new ftrengthned, and ca¬
reened, before fhe could return home*; and in
regard, this required fo much Time, that fhe
could not fet forwards this Year, it was concluded
to difpatch the Pepper-Corn immediately for Eng¬
land , to give fome Satisfaction to the Adven¬
turers.
Accordingly, the Pepper-Corn being la¬
den on the fourth of February , fet fail and ar¬
rived on the tenth of May in the Road of Sal- Pepper- Cora
danna ; wrhere Captain Dounton expected to have-/5** *****
a Sir Henry died in this Voyage at Machian , on the twenty-fourth of May, as was thought, of Grief, for the
Ship’s being on Ground, and the Lofs of his Men; whereof an Account will be given hereafter in thcjournals of
Floris and Saris. . I i i 2 - found
420
Voyages of the E n g
ush fo East In die s.
Comet to Sal-
dauna#
1614. found all the Ships which formerly departed home- a
Dounton. wards : But he there met with only the Hector and
v— Thomas , two Ships of the eight Voyage 5 and
Captain Newport , in the Expedition , employed in
the twelfth Voyage : By Help of whofe Men and
Coopers the Pepper-Corn in four Days took in all
her Water, intending not to flay to refrefh her
Men, in order to have the Company homewards
of the Thomas and Hector , which were to depart
next Day. Accordingly, the fifteenth, at nine
in the Morning, they let fail with the Wind 1
Southerly ; but being out of the Bay, they were
much petered with a contrary Wind, which
drove them Southwards. This Night the Expe¬
dition doubled the Cape of Good Hope , fhaping her
1 Courfe towards Perfia , there to land Sir Robert
Sherly , and his Perfian Lady, with Sir Thomas
Powel , and his Englijh Lady, who were all bound
thither.
Next Day, towards Evening, the Thomas
was fallen far a-ftern, but the Hedlor , with lofty
Sail, bore away. This Night the Pepper-Corn
loll their Company ; which to recover, the Cap¬
tain flood to the Southwards. He knew they
could not run him out of Sight ; and although
he thought it againft Reafon to Hand- in upon a
Lee-fhore, yet he bore up toward Land, in order
to.feek them. Not feeing them, he lingered-in for
them till the nineteenth ; during which 1 ime the
Men were employed in repairing their weak
and decayed Sails. This Day, at Sun-rifmg, Sdl-
tlanna bore half a Degree Eall, diftant feventeen
Leagues, the Weather being cloudy and dark,
which continued the three following Days.
The fixth of June , as they came about the
North-Fall Point opening the Road, and luffed
in, with their Anchors ready to let fall, they
dcfciied two Caraks in the Road, whofe Neigh¬
bourhood did not pleafe Captain Dounton ; neither
durfl he venture to anchor by them, on Account
of their ufual Treachery : Wherefore he flood
ofr again by a Wind to deliberate for a while
what to do. His Intention was to have flood-in
again, to try whether they would be gone, con¬
cluding they might, upon a Suppofition, that he
had more Company near Hand : But he found
the Current fet the Ship fo fall to the Leeward,
that fhe could hardly recover the Road by two
o’Clock in the Afternoon. Finding there was no
other Remedy, he ordered the Sailors to bear up
the Helm for England: His Hopes being thus fruf-
trated, both of refrefhing his weak, lick People,
and regaining the Company of the Hedior and
Thomas. The fifteenth and fixteenth, they had
divers Showers of Rain : The eighteenth, they
crolTed the Line.
'/tvi. PoilB-
gvrzt Ca-
tfiki.
The tenth of September , they had a very
flrong Gale of Wind, and an hollow Sea; but
being unable to get into any Part of the South of '
England , they flood on their Courfe North-Eaft,
in Hopes to fetch Milford Haven in l Vales, the
fooner to fend Letters to the Company.
The eleventh, at five o’Clock in the After- A„\vnb
noon, they deferied the Coaft of Wales to Wind- Ireu -Ci
ward, and the Coaft of Ireland to Leewards, be¬
ing an high Hill between Wexford and Waterford.
This Night they fpent with their Head to the
Southward ; and next Morning, finding it was
not poffible to fetch Milford Haven , the Winds
being contrary, he ftood-in towards the Irijh
Coaft, choofing to go into Waterford , rather than
any other Harbour.
The thirteenth, in the Morning, they deferr¬
ed the Tower of Whooke, the only Mark for the
River of Waterford , about three Leagues diftant :
At eight o’Clock, they perceived a (mall Boat
: coming out of the River, which, being wafted,
prefently came aboard. This was a Frenchman ,
bound to Wexford , whom the Captain hired to
return, and give Notice of his coming, to
the Lieutenant of the Fort of Dungannon a, to
prevent his flopping there ; becaufe the Channel
being narrow in that Place, the Ship might be
endangered in winding up at Anchor. At Noon,
they got up into the River fo high a* Pajfage:
Here he found Mr. Stephen Bonner of Lime, come
d hither, with his Bark, to fifh ; who, laying afide
his own Bufinefs, was very diligent to provide for
the Eafe and Relief of the weak and lick.
The eighteenth, the Captain fent Mr. Bonner
towards London , with Letters to the Company,
to give them an Account of his Arrival and
Wants, defiring they might be fupplied.
The twentieth, Dodlor Lancajlar, Bifhop of
Waterford, very kindly vifited Captain Dounton ,
bringing down with him his good Chear, and
e preached a Sermon aboard.
The twenty-firft, Captain John Burrell came Arnfiti
to fee him alfo, and having profered to lend him uae'
Money to fupply his Wants, provided he would
fend fornebody with him to Cork for it, he, on
the eleventh, fent Mr. MttUineux along with the
Captain thither. The twenty-fecond b, Anthony
Stratford , Lieutenant of the Fort of Dungannon ,
having hired a villainous Fellow (whom, for his
Mifb havour, Captain Dounton had caufed to be
f imprifoned in Waterford) to fay what might bring
him and his Men within the Statute of Piracy,
obtained a Warrant from the Earl of Ormond ,
and came to Pajfage: Where he fent to defire the
Captain to fend his Boat, well manned, to fetch
him and feveral other Gentlemen aboard to fee
a In Purchas , Don Cannon. b The Days which we call the twentieth, twenty-firft, and twenty-fecond
of September , are, in Purchas, the twenty-firft, tenth, and twelfth. The two laft Numbers being apparently
miftaken, we have ventured thus to alter them.
the
Voyages of the E n g l i i
161 1, the Ship. The Boat being Tent accordingly to his a
Hippon. Defire, he apprehended the Men, and prefently
came aboard; where, having arrefled the Cap¬
tain, and his Ship, for Piracy, lie committed him
Prifoner to the Fort of Dungannon ; giving flri£l
Charge, that none fhould have Accefs to him,
without his Warrant; and would have obliged
thofe, who by his Permiffion vifited the Captain,
to declare on Oath, what Difcourfe paffed be¬
tween them. His Man was fworn not to carry
Letters between him and any one : They alfo ex- t
amined feveral of the People this Night upon
Oath, omitting nothing that might induce them
to accufe him. He continued in Prifon till the
fixteenth, in the Morning; at which Time,
- Stratford brought him a Letter, from Sir Lau¬
rence Efmond , his Captain, inviting him to meet
reltajtd him (the Knight) at Paffage. They went toge-
ther; and there the Captain met Sir Laurence ,
accompanied with the Bifhop of Waterford , come
from the Earl of Ormond , to replace him in his '
Charge : Which, after much Intreaty, and Per-
fuafion, he yielded to. The twenty-third, Mr.
Afulleneux , having fent the Captain’s Letters to
the Company, to acquaint them with the afore¬
mentioned troublefome Affair, returned from Cork
with Money.
The twenty-fifth, Mr. Benjamin Jofepb , in a
fmall Ship of Brijhl , came, and brought with
him both Men, Money, and Provifions, to fup-
ply the Captain’s Wants ; which he took in with
all Speed, in order to be gone.
The fixth of October , he departed from the
Rivero i Waterford. The twelfth, in the Morn-
h to the East Indies. 429
ing, he was abreaft of Beachy ; and by eight, at 161 I.
Night, anchored in Dover Road. Hippon.
The thirteenth, in the Morning, he left Dover ' —
Road; and at ten o’ Clock, anchored in the fr!fes
Downs , near the Ajfurance Man of War, fa!utingr £
her with five Pieces of Ordnance. Immediately
Mr. Cocket , the Mailer, came aboard, and again
flopped his Ship till farther Order from the Lord
Admiral : Upon this, Captain Dounton fent Mr.
Mulleneux to London , with Letters to inform the
Company thereof. The feventeenth, Mr. Aderfy
came from them, with a Letter for the Captain,
a Releafe for the Ship ; and Mr. Punniat , a Pilot,
to bring her about. The eighteenth, in the Morn
ing, they fet Sail ; and at fix o’ Clock at Night,
anchored in the Road of Gorend. At fix, next
Morning, they weighed again, and at Night,
anchored at Tilbury. The twentieth, in the
Morning, they departed ; and at ten o’ Clock,
came up to Blackwall. In the Alternoon, Mr.
Deputy, and feveral of the Committees, coming
down, Captain Dounton delivered up his Charge :
And fo concluded this tedious Voyage.
Latitudes.
Aden , in Arabia — • — — 12° 35'
- Variation Well — — 12 40
Kameran Ifland — • — — 15 00
Swally , within the Bar — — 20 55
- Variation Well — — 16 40
Daiul , Entrance South Point — 17 34
- Variation — — — 15 34
Magi flan — — — — 12 10
Cape Galle , in Seylan • — — 5 4°
CHAP. XIII.
*fhe Voyage of Captain Anthony Hippon, to the Coafl of Koromandel, Bantam,
and Siam, in 1611.
Being the feventh fet forth by the Eaft India Company .
Written by Nathaniel Marten, Mafiers Mate .
T^URC HAS has given us this Voyage by two f fible it will appear but dry to many others, ter
different Perfons, Marten , and Floris. This this Rcafon, Purcbas retrenched much of the
Ly Marten % is filled chiefly with nautical Re¬
marks, and Observations of the Latitude ; which
mufl render it very acceptable to Navigators, and
Geographers, at the fame Time that we are fen-
Journal ; and to make fuch of his Readers amends,
fubjoined that of Floris b. As our Defign is to
give a compleat Body of Englifi Voyages, inter¬
mixed with thofe of other Nations, we prefume.
a Inferted in Purchases Colle&ion, Vol. 1, p.314. containing fomewhat more than five Pages. “ i think,
" (fays he, at the End of Marten s) thefe mere Marine Relations, are (though to fen; e^ profitable) to the mod,
44 tedious: For which Caufe, I have abridged this, to mfike Way to the next, written by a Merchant, of long
abridged
the Sum of the Ship’
Series of the nautical Remarks at length, only when the Ship is failing upon fo:.. Coad.
4
that
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
that no Purchafer will be difpleafed with the
Work, for meeting fometimes with Relations,
that do not afford him muchEntertainmcnt; efpeci-
ally when he confiders, that though not fo palatable
to him, they may be very ufeful to others. In
Effect, fome of the moft valuable Voyages are
thofe which afford leaft Pleafure in Reading. The
firfl Navigators of every Nation to foreign Coun¬
tries, were chiefly employed in difcovering the
untried Coafts ; and wrote for the InftruCtion of
thofe who vifited the fame Parts after them, till
they came to be fufficiently known. This is the
Reafon, that the farther we advance, the more
agreeable the Relations become/. So that in a little
Time, thofe who read only for Pleafure, will have
no Reafon at all to complain.
SECT. I.
They leaxie Black wall. A great Current. Pafsby
Maliapor, or St. Thomas. Come to Paleakate.
Town of Petapoli. Anchor in the Road. Ma-
fulipatan. Petapoli Road. Nautical Remarks.
They crcfs the Line.
•They leave H I S Voyage was performed in the Ship
Black wall. _£ called the Globe ; which breaking Ground
from Blackwall the third of January , 1610-11,
arrived at Saldanna a the twenty-firft of May ,
16 1 1. They left this Bay the fixth of June , and
ihaping their Courfe not far from Moxambik , Ko-
moro , and Pemba , on the laft of July , paffed by
Punta de Galle , in Sey/an b.
The fourth of Augujl, in the Morning, the
Author obferved the Variation to be thirteen De¬
grees feven Minutes. At Noon, they were in
the Latitude of nine Degrees fifteen Minutes j
and about fix Leagues off Land, which they
could juft fee from the Poop. The Wind veer¬
ing North by Weft, and North North-Weft,
they flood in three Hours, and then founded, be¬
ing about three Leagues from Shore ; they had
nine Fathom Water, and judged the Land to lie
North-Weft, or North-Weft by North. At
three o’ Clock they tacked, and flood to the
Northward ; and the Wind veering to the Weft,
and Weft South- Weft, they lay as near it as they
could, till five. /
A gnat Cur- The fixth, in the Morning, they perceived
rent. themfelves to be in a great Current by the Rip¬
pling ; and fending off their Pinnace to come to
an Anchor, they found the Current to fet North
by Weft. They computed their Way, from four
of the Clock in the Afternoon, the fifth, till
Noon, the fixth, North North-Weft, and ran
Seventeen Leagues ; being then in the Latitude of
ten Degrees thirty one Minutes/” From Noon,
till two of the Clock, they fleered away North-
Weft ; then perceiving feveral Fifhermen hard-by,
they looked out atTop-maft Head ; and deferying*
Land V/ eftNorth-Weft, and North-Weft, ran-in,
being then in twenty Fathom, about eight Leagues
from Shore. As they ran-in, the Water (hoaled gra¬
dually ; and at three o’Clock, they faw the Tower,
or Pagod, of Negapatan, and a Ship that bore
North- Weft of them. They ran-in North-Weft,
till they came into eight Fathom, three Leagues
from Land.
From fix at Night, the fixth, till the feventh
at Noon, they ran Sixteen Leagues, fleering North
by Eaft, always in between twelve and four¬
teen Fathom, being then in the Latitude of ele¬
ven Degrees fifty-feven Minutes.
From the feventh, till the eighth at Noon, Maliapor,
theft fleered North by Eaft, and ran about twenty
Leagues. They were then a-breaft with the
High-land up in the Country, that rofe in Hum¬
mocks. This Day, they took the Boat of St.
Thome. The ninth, at Noon, the Town of Ma¬
liapor bore North North-Weft two Leagues off ;
and the Mark to know the Town, is the high
Hill within Land. About two Leagues to the
Southward of Paleakate , there is a Shoal which
lieth a Mile or more from Shore ; but the
North-Eaft End is about a League off. They ran
over the very End in three Fathom : But keeping
in ten or twelve Fathom, one need not fear any
Part of it. The ninth, at four o’ Clock, they
anchored againft the Town, which bore Weft by
North : There is to the Northward of it, a Crofs,
which may be feen within two or three Miles of
the Shore : But you cannot fee the Town itfelf
from thence. Not liking their Road, the tenth,
in the Morning, they flood farther Northward,
and anchored in eight Fathom: The Crofs bearing
Weft by South of them, when the Weftermoft
Point bore Weft by North ; and the Northermoft
Point bore North-Weft. The tenth, at Noon,
the Governor fent a Boat for Meflieurs Browne ,
and Floris : But they went in their Skiff ; and as
they were going over the Bar, fhe funk, but none
were drowned. Paleakate , ftandeth in thirteen Paleakate.
grees thirteen Minutes Latitude.
The thirteenth, the Author found the Varia¬
tion to be one Degree fifteen Minutes by the Semi¬
circle. The fifteenth, Captain Hippon went a-
fhore, to fpeak with the Governefs: But the Six¬
teenth, he arid all the Merchants, came aboard
again, becaufe they could get no Trade. The
Same Day, at ten o’ Clock, they Set Sail for Pe¬
tapoli ; from whence, till the feventeenth at Noon,
they ran about thirty Leagues, and were in the
Latitude of fourteen Degrees fifteen Minutes,
a In Purcbas, Saldania. b Ibid. Ceylon. The Journal thus Sar, lurch as fays, he had omitted, as being
3 mere Marine Relation, and the Courfe often ran by others.
iheif
V o v a ges c//^ English /u //^ East Indies. 431
l6ll. their Courfe being North by Eaft. From the a and then they bore up South-Eaft, and South- 1612.
Hippon. feventeenth, to the eighteenth, they ran about Eaft by Eaft, keeping themfelves in nine and ten Hippno.
KY'VJ twenty-three Leagues North : But the Weather Fathom, till eleven at Night ; when the V'‘Y‘'X-?
was fo bad, they could make no Obfervation. Wind veering to the Eaft, and Eaft South-Eaft,
About (even, in the Morning, the eighteenth, they anchored in nine Fathom, till five fci the
they efpied a Galliot, riding in feven Fathom, Morning.
about four Miles from Land. She ftaid till they Next Day, about five of the Clock, they
were almoft within Sacker-fhot of her ; and then weighed, with the Wind at South South-Weft,
fhe weighed, and ran into Shoal Water. At this and fteered away Eaft South-Eaft, and Eaft North-
Time, perceiving a Breach about two Leagues off Eaft, and North-Eaft. At Noon, the outermoft
Shore, they changed their Courfe from North b Part of the Land bore North of them •, whence
North-Eaft, to Eaft: North-Eaft, and Eaft by by the Author’s Reckoning, the Land Eaftward
North : But had no deepWater till they brought from Petapoli , lieth Eaft by South, and Weft by
the Breach North North-Weft ; and when they North. At Noon, they came into whiteWater,
faw it firft, it bore North by Eaft of them. ofF the Point: A little before, it fhoaled half a
L 0f The eighteenth, from Noon, till five in the Fathom; but when they were in it, they had
apoli. Afternoon, they fteered North-Eaft by Eaft, to fix Fathom for three Leagues off. About two,
run into deepWater, becaufe the Land trended Afternoon, the Wind veered Northerly ; fo they
more to the Eaft than before. At five, they made came to Anchor in feven Fathom. About five,
a Tuft of Trees near Petapoli, which bore North- they weighed, and flood in North North-Weft,
Eaft by Eaft fix Leagues off : The High-land to c and North-Weft by North, till feven o’ Clock ;
the North-weftward of the Town, bearing North when, being calm, they anchored in five Fa-
by Weft. At feven o’Clock, they anchored in thorn. The Weftermoft Land bore, Weft North-
nine Fathom ; and then the Trees bore North- WeftWefterly; the Northermoft Land, North ;
Eaft by Eaft five Leagues off, the Wind being and they faw two Ships which lay North-Wefter-
Wefterly. At five, next Morning, they weigh- ly, and North-Weft.
ed, and ftood with the Trees ; and about nine, The thirtieth, about one o’Clock, they weigh- Mafulipataij
anchored in five Fathom, two Leagues fhort of ed, and ftood in North, for the Road of Mafu- Road,.
them, bearing Eaft North-Eaft. There prefent- lipatan. They never had above five Fathom, or
ly came aboard, two Gingathas , or Boats, which four and a half, all the Way: So about five, they
the Merchants fent afttore with a Letter: About d anchored in three Fathom, and a Foot. The
two o’Clock, there came another, and a Mef- greatTree, which is the Adark for the Road, bore
fenger from the Shah Bandar ; who, the twen- Weft by North, Wefterly ; the Southermoft
tieth, fent two Boats for the Merchants, with a Land, South by Weft, Southerly ; andtheNorth-
Prefent : And then went aftiore Meftieurs Floris, ermoft, North-Eaft, Eafterly. The thirty-firft,
Lucas, and Efiington a; Adam Dounton, the Purfer’s Meftieurs Floris , and Efiington ; Simon Evans,
Mate, and Leman. Cuthbert Whitfield , and Arthur Smith , went a-
, hr in tit The twenty-firft, about eight o’ Clock, there fhore, to ftay there in their Skiff. The twenty-
JV, came a Gingatha from Shore, and brought a Let- eighth of December , Marten obferved the Varia-
ter from the Merchants, who informed them, tion to be twelve Degrees twenty-two Minutes,
that they were kindly entertained. Prefently they e The thirtieth, they weighed from Mafulipa-
weighed, with the Wind atNorthNorth- Weft, and tan , about feven in the Morning, with the Wind
anchored almoft oppofite the River’s Mouth ; and at North-Eaft by Eaft ; and they hauled off South-
about three o’ Clock in the Afternoon, they Eaft, and South-Eaft by South, till they came
weighed, and anchored in the Road, in nine Fa- into fifteen Fathom. At Noon, the Point that
thorn and a half; the Tuft of Trees bearing bore South by Weft, Southerly off" them, was
North-Eaft by Eaft Eafterly. The Mark to go Weft and North, by the Compafs: And then the
in over the Bar, is a Palmito Tree, on the Bank, Author obferved the Latitude thereof, to be in
upon the Northermoft End of the high Cliff: It fifteen Degrees fifty feven Minutes. By eight at
is but a little Tree. The Author found the Va- Night, they anchored in fix Fathom and an half,
riation twelve Degrees twenty-feven Minutes. f The fourth of ‘January, [1612] Marten ob-
The twenty-eighth, Mr. Floris, and Simon ferved at Noon, and found the Road to be in
Evans , came "aboard about twelve o’Clock; fifteen Degrees thirty-fix Minutes b.
and about four, they weighed for Mafulipatan , The twenty-fifth, and the twenty-fixth, they petapoi;*
with the Wind at South-Weft. They fteered off' obferved the Sun, and certain Stars. By the Sun, Road.
into eight and nine Fathom, South South-Eaft, they found the Town of Petapoli, to be in fifteen
a Afterwards, HcJJivgton. b This mull be a great Miftake ; for the Road is more Northerly than the
Point ; unlefs, inttead of Mafulipatan, vve are to understand Petapoli.
Degrees
432 V 0 Y A G E S c/ /& E N G
1612. Degrees forty-nine Minutes ; theStar, called The
Hippnn. Ship's Stern , they had in twenty-one Degrees
L/'Y'V twenty-nine Minutes ; the Foot of the Crofters ,
twelve Degrees fifty-four Minutes; and the Flank
of the Centaur , in fifteen Degrees thirty-two Mi¬
nutes ; the Foot, in fourteen Degrees forty-one
Minutes: The Wind at South-Eaft, and South
South-Eaft. The feventh of February , the Mer¬
chants came aboard, and carried all the Luggage
quite away, the Wind at South South- Eaft, Night
and Day.
The eleventh of February , about fix in the
Morning, they weighed out of Petapoii Road,
having the Wind at North North-Weft, and
Rood- oft' Sou th South-Eaft. There was very little
Wind, which came off the Sea, all Southerly,
and the Current fet to the North-Eaft. They
anchored in five Fathom and an half, it being
calm, having ran-off about a Mile and half.
The twelfth, about nine in the Morning,
weighing with the Wind at South-Eaft, and
•South - Eaft by Eaft, they haled off South
South- Weft, South by Weft, and South-Weft,
as the Wind would give them leave, till three in
the Afternoon ; and then they anchored in nine
Fathom Water, with theWindat South andSouth
by Eaft. 1 heir Courfe lay South-Weft by South,
fix Leagues out of the Road, by the Author’s Efti-
mation ; and the High-land, which in the Road,
bore Weft half Northerly, then bore Weft half
Southerly.
Nautical The fourteenth, about four in the Morning,
Remark. they weighed, with the Wind at South South-
W eft ; and flood away South-Eaft, and South-
Eaft by South, as the Wind would give them
Leave : At Noon, the Palmito Tree bore North
half a Point Eafterly, fix or feven Leagues off;
and they ran in ten Fathom.
From the twentieth of March , at Noon, till
the twenty-firft, they had very little Wind Eaft¬
erly, and calm: They made their Way South
South- Weft, by the Author’s Reckoning, and
ran feven Leagues. At Noon, they were in the
Latitude of two Degrees twenty-fix Minutes. At
Night, they obferved the Variation to be thirteen
Degrees fifty-feven Minutes, by the Semicircle ;
and the Amplitude was four Degrees twenty-feven
Minutes: Which being fubftradted from thirteen
Degrees fifty-feven Minutes, makes the Variation
nine Degrees twenty-five Minutes.
From the twenty-firft, at Noon, till the twen¬
ty- fecond at Noon, having had the Wind all
Northerly, theyfteered away South, and ran fifteen
Leagues by the Log, into the Latitude of one
Degree thirty-four Minutes : At Night, the Au¬
thor obferved the Variation to be ten Degrees ten
Minutes, which fhewed there was a great Current
to the Weftward,
From the twenty -fecond, to the twenty-third
l i s u to the. East Indies.
a at Noon, they had the Wind variable and low, 161
between the North and Weft, with gufty Wea- Hippo
ther. They ran eight Leagues South by Eaft ; V
and at Noon, were in the Latitude of fifty-feven
Minutes. At Night, the Variation was ten De¬
grees : The magnetical Azimuth, was fifteen De¬
grees fifteen Minutes ; the Amplitude five De¬
grees thirteen Minutes. From the twenty- third,
till the twenty-fourth at Noon, they had the
Wind between Weft, and South-Weft, running
b twenty-three Leagues by the Log, South by Eaft ;c«-a/l th
and then, by Obfervation, were under the Line.
From the twenty- fourth, till the twenty-fifth
at Noon, they had the Wind between the North
North-Weft, and South South-Weft. TheirCourfe
was South South-Eaft ; and they ran by the Log,
twenty-one Leagues, and came into the Latitude
of fifty-feven Minutes South. At Night, the
Author obferved the Variation, and found the
magnetical Azimuth to be fifteen Degrees forty
c Minutes ; the Amplitude fix Degrees, which made
the Variation nine Degrees forty Minutes.
From the twenty-fifth, at Noon, 1612, till
the tvventy-fixth at Noon, they had the Wind
variable between the North North- Weft, and
Weft South-Weft : They ran fifteen Leagues by
the Log, South South-Eaft, the Latitude one De¬
gree thirty Minutes. At Night, the magnetical
Azimuth was fifteen Degrees five Minutes : The
Amplitude fix Degrees twenty-one Minutes;
d whence, the Variation eight Degrees fifty-four
Minutes.
SECT. II.
They draw near Sumatra. Come to Bantam.. Pu-
lo Tanda. Lukapara. Mompine Hill, and
Cape. Jjland of Bintam. Jfand with Rocks.
A little Rock. Come to Pataney. Two Ifands .
Arrive at Siam. Table of Latitudes.
e T^ROM the thirty-firft, at Noon, till theDrawm
firft of April at Noon, the Wind was South- Sumatra
erly, and very little ; their Way, Eaft South-Eaft,
twelve Leagues ; and the Latitude at Noon, four
Degrees one Minute. From the firft, to the fecond
at Noon, they had the Wind, between the Weft
North- Weft, and South South-Weft, variable
and gufty. Their Courfe South-Eaft by Eaft,
half a Point Eafterly, running by the Log, twen¬
ty-one Leagues and two Thirds, their Latitude
f four Degrees twenty-four Minutes. They made
their Way, by the Author’s Eftimation, twelve
Leagues Eaft South-Eaft, and ten Leagues South
and by Eaft, which agreed with his Obfervation.
In the Morning, they had the Almicanter, and
magnetical Azimuth, one Degree thirty Minutes:
The Amplitude, eight Degrees forty-feven Mi¬
nutes; which made the Variation feven Degrees
twenty-feven Minutes. About two, in the Morn¬
ing,
1 6 1 2 .
Hippon.
tantam
had.
ulotando.
ikapara.
>mpsne
t, and
k
Voyages of the Engl
ing, Adam Duglas tfied. From the fecond, at
Noon, till the third, they had the Wind between
the North-Weft, ami Weft South-Weft, fleering
away between the Eaft South-Eaft, and South-
Eaft by Eaft : But, on Account of their Latches
to the Southward, the Author judged, that her
Courfe was Eaft South-Eaft. They ran thirty-two
Leagues by the Log; and were juft then, by his
Reckoning, with the Weftermoft Part of the Ifle
of Engano a.
The twenty-fixth, about four in the After¬
noon, they eaft Anchor in Bantam Road, in three
Fathom and an half, where the Body of Pulopo-
nian bore North ; Pulotando , North- Weft by
North; Puloduo , Eaft South-Eaft ; and the Weft¬
ermoft Point abreaft of Pulorange, North- Weft
by North, Northerly: The Outermoft Point bore
Eaft by North, Northerly ; and the Eaftermoft
Illand Ptdo Lima , was even joining to the W eft-
ermoft Point of Java. Presently after they were
at an Anchor, Mr. Spalding , with two others, came
aboard.
The thirty-firft of May, about four in the
Afternoon, the Merchants came aboard ; and
about nine, they fet Sail; fleering North North-
Eaft, with the Wind at South.
The firft of June , in the Morning, the Wind
veered to the Eaftward, and fo the Northward,
with very foul and gufty Weather. They bore
up, and anchored under Pulotando , in nineteen
Fathoms, half a League from Shore.
About five or fix in the Morning, they weigh¬
ed, with the Wind at South-Eaft. Within a
Heave or two, they found but five Fathom, and
fo fhoaled till they had but four, fleering away
North North-Weft. The neareft Land bore
South- Weft, fix Leagues off, being a woody Bland,
about four Miles long, oft' which, they looked
for a Ledge of Rocks or Sand. From fix, till
Noon, they made their Way North by Weft,
feven Leagues. About eight in the Morning,
the Author efpied Lukapara at Top-maft Head,
about eight Leagues diftant.
The feventh, about fix in the Morning, they
weighed, the Wind at South-Weft ; and till Noon,
made their Way North-Weft feven Leagues. A-
bout ten, they raifed the Hill Mompine , North-
Eaft eight Leagues off at leaft : After which, they
had never lefs than ten Fathom, keeping the
Shoaling of Sumatra.
The ninth, about five in the Morning, they
weighed, with the Wind at South-Eaft by South,
and fleered away North- Weft by North, and
Northerly, as the Coaft lay: But never came
nearer the Point of Mompine , than three Leagues
and an half, or four Leagues ; becaufe of a Ledge
of Rocks, that lies two Leagues off the Eafter-
ish to the East Indi e s.
a moft Point of Sumatra , which is the feventh
Point of the Streights : This Ledge of Rocks bore
Eaft and Weft. They had no fooner weighed,
but the Water deepned to eight, nine, ten, and
fo to fourteen Fathom.
When you have Mompine South-Eaft of you,
then you are clear of the Rocks. At Noon, Mr.
Marten obferved the Latitude with his Quadrant,
to be one Degree thirty-nine Minutes, at what
Time, Mompine bore South-Eaft, Eafterly of
b them.
The tenth, about three in the Morning, they
efpied an Bland, bearing North North-Weft, three
Leagues off. From Noon, till fix at Night, they
fhaped their Courfe North, half a Point Eafter¬
ly, fix Leagues; and from fix, till Noon the ele¬
venth, North, eighteen Leagues ; they were then
in the Latitude of one Degree North, ’in Sight of
two Blands, one bore South-Weft by Weft, feven
Leagues off; the other Weftward South-Weft,
c feven Leagues. Their Depth was twenty -five Fa¬
thom. The Author, from Top-maft Head, dif-
covered Land Weft by North, twelve Leagues off, Ijland f
which was the High-land of Bintam. Bintam.
From Noon, till fix at Night, they made their
Way Weft by North, feven Leagues. They had
twenty-five Fathom Water, and then the High¬
land of Bintam bore Weft South- Weft, fix Leagues
off. There are three little Elands at the South-
Eaft End of that Bland.
d The twelfth, they fteered North by Eaft,
Eafterly, five Leagues, and then were in the Lati¬
tude of one Degree thirty-five Minutes, having
twenty-fix Fathom ; and the Northermoft Part of
Bintam , Weft North-Weft ten Leagues. When
fourGlaffes were running, Afternoon, the Author
deferied from the Top-maft Head, an Bland that
bore North-Weft, Northerly, nine Leagues dif¬
tant.
From fix, at Night, the thirteenth, till the
e fourteenth at Noon, the Ship’s Way, by Marten %
Reckoning, was North-Weft by North, in regard
of the Current, nine Leagues. Ten Glaffes, in
the Night, they had it calm, and drove North
North-Weft. Here they fhoaled a fathom at a
Caft, till they had but eleven Fathom ; and then
deeper, till it came to fifteen or fixteen. From
fix, at Night, till the fifteenth at Noon, their
Courfe, by Eftimation, was North North-Eaft,
Northerly ten Leagues : But at Noon, they found
f the Latitude four Degrees forty-eight Minutes,
and then they had thirty Fathom. At eight
o’ Clock, they faw an Eland to the North by
Weft, four Miles off; it was five Leagues from
Land, and then they had twenty-fix Fathom.
This great Ifland, and the Rocks, bore North TjJand-witi
by Weft, and South by Eaft, of each other, and
Vol. I. fcTo XXII.
3 It lies off the South-Weft CoaiJ of Swnatra.
Kkk
were
434 Voyages of the Engli
1612. were four Miles in Length. The Night being a
Hippon. calm, they perceived a Current fetting to the
■’V"*"-' Northwards ; and the Author judged this Ifiand
to Hand in four Degrees thirty-five Minutes.
From Noon, till the fixth at Night, they {leered
NorthNorth-Weft, half Northerly, eight Leagues;
their Sounding was thirty and twenty-five fa¬
thom ; and then they had another Ifiand like the
former, which bore Weft by North. They had
twenty-five Fathom at fix of the Clock, five or
fix Leagues from Land ; from whence the Ifiand t
lieth about one League. From the fixteenth, at
Noon, till the feventeenth at Noon, they fail¬
ed North North-Weft, twelve Leagues : But
when they were almoft in the Narroweft, they
efpied a iunken Rock diredlly in their Way :
Wherefore, for Fear of the worft, having
eleven Fathom Water one League from Shore,
they ftruck off North-Eaft, and North- Eaft by
Eaft, to get clear of two little Iflands, that were
to the Eaft ward, and fo left them all to Larboard, c
At Noon, they found the Latitude five Degrees
fifty-four Minutes.
From the feventeenth, at Noon, to the eigh¬
teenth at Noon, their Courfe was North-Weft,
Wefterly, eight Leagues. From the nineteenth,
at Noon, till the twentieth, they made their Way
North- Weft, Northerly, eight Leagues. In the
Ahtit Rock, ]yjorning, about feven of the Clock, AlarfetJ, from
the Top-maft Head, faw a little Rock, about
three Leagues diftant ; and as they came up with d
it about Noon, went with the Skiff to found
about it, and found twelve Fathoms a Stone’s
Throw off it; and fix Fathom and an half, up
and down clofe by the Rock. It lies between
three and four Leagues from the W eftermoft Point
of the Land, South-Eaft, Southerly a little ; and
about three Leagues, or two and a half, from the
SouthermoftLand. They had littleWind W efter-
]y,and variable, but for the moft Part Northerly.
From the twentieth, to the twenty-firft, at <
Noon, they fleered North-Weft, Northerly, fix
Leagues, with the Wind Wefterly and Norther¬
ly. "They were forced to anchor twice in the
Night, becaufe it was calm ; and the Current
fetting to the Southward, they had very fair
Shoaling off, into fourteen, and feven or eight.
From the twenty- firff, to the twenty-fecond at
Noon, they coafted along the Shore, with the
Wind Wefterly ; and then they had the low
fandy Point a, two Leagues South of them. T he
fourth of Auguji , about nine at Night, they
tome to ?*■ weighed out of Patane b Road, with the Wind
iar.ey. at South South-Weft, and fleered away North-
Weft, North- Weft by Weft, and North- Weft
by North : But, by the Author’s Eftimation,
s h to the East Indies.
from nine, till Noon, their Way was North- 1 61
Weft, half a Point Northerly, ten Leagues, and Hippo
then the High-land bore South-Weft of them in’ - -
the Road. Their Depths, were from three to
feven, eight, and ten Fathom. From Noon, till
fix o’ Clock at Night, they ran ten Leagues with
but little Wind at North-Weft, North, and
North-Eaft: But made their Way North North-
Eaft, one League. From thence, till fix in the
Morning, they fleered North North- Weft, half
a Point Northerly, eight Leagues, with the Wind
variable, and Wefterly; and then they efpied
Land, which bore Weft North- Weft, ten Leagues
diftant.
F rom fix, in the Morning, till Noon the fixth
Day, they ran, by Computation, North North-
Weft, five Leagues, and found the Latitude eight
Degrees feven Minutes. Then the High-land
bore Weft and North, ten Leagues off ; and they
had feventeen Fathom. From the fixth, at Noon,
to the feventh at Noon, having had little Wind,
and calm, they fleered North North-Weft. In
the Author’s Judgment, they could not run above
fix Leagues, yet found the Latitude eight Degrees
three Minutes. From the feventh, at Noon, till
the eighth, they had little Wind, and variable
round the Compafs. They ran North North-
Weft eight or ten Leagues; their Depths, eigh¬
teen, and nineteen Fathom. From the eighth, ^ ^
till the ninth, at Noon, they had but little Wind, m J
[ and variable round about ; and then found the
Latitude nine Degrees forty Minutes : The
Northermoft great Ifiand bore Weft South-Weft,
and the Southermoft South-Weft : In the Morn¬
ing, they faw two Ifiands.
From the ninth, to the tenth at Noon, they had
it calm, and made little or noWay ; the Wind was
Northerly; their Depth, twenty-one, and twenty-
two Fathom.. From the tenth, to the eleventh at
Noon, they had little or no Wind, which blew
; Northerly and Wefterly, and went two Leagues
NorthNorth-Weft: Their Depths, were twenty,,
and twenty-one Fathom. From the eleventh, at
Noon, to the twelfth, they had the Wind varia¬
ble, and gufty round about [the Compafs ;] they
ran about eight Leagues North by Weft; and had
for Depth, twenty-fix, and twenty-five Fathom.
From the twelfth, at Noon, till the thirteenth,
they made their Way North by Eaft, twenty-
four Leagues, with the Wind at South South-
f Weft, and South-Weft : Their Depths, twenty-
fix, and twenty-eight Fathom, feven or eight
Leagues ofl the Shore.
From the thirteenth, to the fourteenth, they
ran North by Weft, fixteen Leagues, the Wind
South-Weft: Their Depths, twenty-two, and
3 We fuppofe, of the Road of Patane. b Purchas makes them leave the Place, before he brings them
to it : A very great Piece of Nsglett ; but very common with this Colleflor. It is written here Patanej-
twenty
Voyages of the Englis
.clo twenty-five Fathoms five or fix Leagues from a
Flo'i*- * Shore! From the fourteenth to the fifteenth,
/Y>Jthey failed fixteen Leagues North by Weft, with
the Wind Wefterly ; the Depth nineteen and
twenty Fathoms fix Leagues off Land. From
the fifteenth to the fixteenth, at Noon, they
made their Way North by Weft ten Leagues ;
they had eight, nine, and ten Fathom along the
low Land, four Leagues off. Then they bore up
to the Eaft, and Eaft South-Eaft, till Midnight ;
and for an Hour they fteered Eaft North-Eaft, b
till they came into four Fathom, and then took
in their Sails as faft as they could : But before
they could get them in, they had but three Fa¬
thoms and a Foot, where they anchored till next
krr'Miot ^ As the Sea fell more than thirteen Foot, they
had but fix Fathom and an half at low Water :
Wherefore they laid out a Warp, and when the
Ship fleeted, warped into deep Water. The
eighteenth, they fet fail, and hauled off into five c
Fathom,where they anchored ; having the Souther-
moft Ifland South by Weft off them, and the
h to the East Indies.
Eaftermoft Eaft by South, and the River’s Mouth
North of them Wefterly *.
The third of November, about one in tne
Afternoon, they weighed out of the Bay, where
they left their Men, and graved the Ship; and
hauled it off from the Weft to the South South-
Eaft, to go clear of the Ifland, and fo fleered a-
way. The fourth, at Noon, the Author found
the Latitude twelve Degrees thirty-three Minutes;
the Ship having ran, in twenty-three Hours, but
twenty-five Leagues : tier Courfe (all Things con-
fidered) South by Well, the Wind Northerly.
The eleventh, they arrived at Pataney b; and the
twentieth of Augttfl 16151 were abreaft of the
Lizard , having fpent in the Voyage four Years,
and about eight Months.
435
1610.
Floiis.
Latitudes.
Paleahate — — — • — -
Mafulipatan , South Point —
- ’Variation — — —
13* 3°
15 57
12 22
15 49
?reucut Re-
■ntrkt.
CHAP. XIV.
<The Journal of Mr. Peter Williamfon Floris, Cape-Merchant in the fame Voyage
J of Captain Hippon. .
T ranfated from the Dutch, and contract cd.
his Pilgrims c, and take up nine Pages. This Au¬
thor is remarkable, for feveral notable I aiticulars
relating to the Affairs of the Countries where he
had been, which (hews he was curious ; and for
the Freedom with which he cenfures the Adlions
of his own Countrymen, which may pafs for a
Proof of his Sincerity.
AS Marten's Journal is almoft wholly nauti- <
cal, this of Floris is chiefly confined to
the Tranfa&ions, Adventures, and Occurrences,
which happened at Land in the feveral Countries
they touched at in this Voyage. Purchds calls
thele Remarks, Extracts from Floris' s Journal,
out of which, he tells us, he had taken what was
moft remarkable. He tells us alfo, that they were
tranflated out of Dutch: But whether by J1'01*
felf, or fomebody elfe ; whether from a printed
Book, or Manufcript, he is quite filent. As to
Floris him felf, he only obferves, that he went
Cape-Merchant in this Voyage ; and that having
arrived in England in 16151 he died two Months
after in London. Thefe Extradls are inferted in
SECT. I.
Arrival at Saldanna. The famous Ningim, or
Kanna Root. If and of Seylan, or Ceylon.
Come to Paleakate. Baffled by the Dutch. Ar¬
rive at Petapoli. Knavijh Governor. Bantam.
Patane; governed by a Queen. A Fa Story fet-
. Here we have an Inhance of the Author’s ntiferab.e Way
Without taking Notice of them and fpeaks of goes away again without once men-
brings his Reader to a confiderable Country flays there for Tome •Time, g ; g hat Name in
tionfng its Name. Who would imagine he was the Captain, or Author, of this
the Margin ? *> Hen: Purchas breaks oft only ttet ^ P t0 Bantam
Journal was after this at Siam, and again at Patane , and m Y ° j that I dare not exprefs
in 1614, and back to England in 161 5 : But his Journal (|y ^n hunched leagues more to the Wett-
it. All he relates out of it, is a Remark, that the lfle of 6a Helena is an nunuicu b
ward, than it is laid down in the Charts. ! Vol. 1. A 3*9^ ^ 2 tied
43
i6r i.
Floris.
Comes to Sa!
danna.
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
tied there. Great Decay of Trade. Proceedings
at Siam. Rapacious Officers of the Crown. Vio¬
lent Storms.
Ningim
Root.
Iflard of
Seylan,
- V I"1' H E Globe having weighed Anchor the fifth
of February 1610, fell down to Grave f-
end , and thence to the Downs ; whence, the fifth
of February , they fet fail, and the twenty-firft
of May i6ir, arrived in Saldanna B ay. Here
they found three Ships, from which two Boats
came aboard them ; one from Ifaac le Maire ,
and the other Irom Henrike Brouwer. Much
Refrefhing was not here to be had at this Time
of the Year, by reafon of the abundance of Rain
which fell, this being their Winter ; the Moun¬
tains alfo were covered with Snow. The Englijh
made diligent Search for the Root Ningim , which
brought the faid two a Flolland Ships thither ; one
being of Japan , who firft difeovered the Secret.
But at this Time the new Leaf beginning only
to peep forth, they could never have known it,
if they had not received Inftru&ions for the Pur-
pofe. The right Seafon for gathering it, being
December , January , and February , in which
Month it ripens, the Inhabitants of this Place
call it Kanna b.
Having filled their Water, and refrefhed
themfelves with eight Sheep, and twenty Bul¬
locks, they departed ; leaving behind them the
Boat of Ifaac le Maire , with his Son Jacob , who
lay there to barter for Hides and Skin's, and make
"I rain-Oil. He was to continue there till Decem-
ber, and to him they gave Letters for England.
Near Tterra de Natal c, June the tenth, they were
in great Danger from a violent Storm of Thun¬
der, Lightning, Wind, and Rain, which almoft
forced them on Shore.
^ T he firft of Augufi , they fell with Punta de
Galle in Seyldn d, and running along the Coaft,
on the Sixth were abreaft with Negapatan. Here
they found themfelves miftaken twenty -eight
Miles c in their Reckoning, the Map in this Place
being very falfe. The like hath alfo happened
to the Hollanders , which in the Night might
prove very dangerous. Neither did they find the
Ifland [of Seyldn] fo broad as is there laid down.
Mr. Mulleneux places Punta de Galle in four De¬
grees, but it lies in fix. Towards Evening, they
palled before the Road f, and could fee the Town
and Houfes very diftin&ly.
a The feventh, they palled Lanagapatan, where iSu
the Hollanders having a Fa&ory, are weary, be- Floris.
caufe there is but little Trade. On the eighth,' - v—
they came before St. Thome , and the ninth to Pa-c-met> P
leakate , palling over the Shallow, which is, jnleakate*
Length, above a Mulket-fhot, and has but three
Fathom Water. Here came two Boats aboard
them ; one from the Shah Bandar ; the other
from the Dutch. The tenth, the Shah Bandar's
Men brought them a Kaul, or fafe Conduct to
b land : Whereupon, the Author and Mr. Brown
went alhore ; but by the Roughnefs of the Sea
the Boat was over-fet, yet no Man drowned.
The Shah Bandar s meeting them, was concern¬
ed for their Mifchance, and appointed them a
Houfe, promifing to procure a Letter from the
King to the Governefs Konda Maah. On the
eleventh, John Van JVerficke , the Dutch Prefi-
dent on the Coaft of Khoromandel , fhewed them
a Kaul from Wenkapati Raja \ the King of Nar-
efinga , prohibiting all Ships, that came out of Eu¬
rope^ from trading there, unlefs they had. Prince
Maurice's Patent ; and therefore he delired them
to depart. They anfwered, that they had a Corn-
million from his Majefty of England , and would
therefore do what they thought fit. Hence arofe
high Words, which the Shah Bandar calmed j
telling them, that the Governels would be there
within three Days.
On the Seventeenth, Konda Maa arrived in Baffled hy
d Town, and Captain Hippon went on Shore to^Dulchj
wait on her : But as he and others were preparing
to fet forward, they received a Meflage to ac¬
quaint them, that Ihe was not at Leifure, but
next Day would fend for them. They imputed
this to Some finiftcr Dealing of the Hollander /,
and as no-body came from the Governels next
Day, Sent to the Shah Bandar to know the Rea¬
fon. He returned for Anfwer, that the King had
made an exclufive Grant to the Hollanders , and
e therefore they muft apply to him, if they expect¬
ed Liberty to trade. As this Application would
have coft them two Months Time, and endan¬
gered their lofing the Monfin for Patane ; be¬
tides the Uncertainty of Succeeding after all, (the
Dutch having gotten ready two Elephants to fend
to the King) they therefore refolved to profecute
their Voyage for Petapoli and Mafulipatan.
The twentieth, they arrived at Petapoli, and Arrive ct
the Governor having Sent them a Kaulj they a- PetaPolL
* Wue %T°fe he means thofe two commanded by le Maire and Brouwer. b This Kama is funnofed
to be the fame with the Jm-feng, fo highly prized in China for its reftorative Virtues. The Hottentots fJt the
nrTfent ftateVf’theC 1 f ^ ^ S? °f G°°d H°pe' as in Eaile™ T“rt«V- See Kolben's
Punaurf after it * Xn P 1° ' ’ C , U^212’ , T C In P«rchas, Tena de Hat at, with a
n / ' t- , „ !n Puifbfis> Ceylon. e Purchas adds Leagues ; the Author meaning, perhaps,
^eS‘ hT . Fhis imuft be unddrftood of Negapatan, not Punto de Gallo. % In Purchas Sa -
• T' Z‘ - » 1 t is the Governels of Konda Maa in Purchas-, but afterwards he puts it as we have done
which, we take to be the true Reading. i In Purchas, Raia. V
greed
2
Voyages of the Engl
l6l2 grced with him for three1 per Cent. Cuftom,
Florif. ' and fent Goods on Shore ; refolving, that Meffieurs
Lucas and Broum fhould fta y there, and that the
Author Ihould go to Mafuiipatan , where there
was a better Road for the Ship. Thither they
came the laft of Augujl , and Zaldkhar Khan b
brought them a Kaul. They agreed to fend a
Prefent to Mir Sumela , a great Officer under the
King*, who farmed out his Revenues at Kondapoli ,
in order to prevent the Artifices of the under
Officers.
On the twentieth of 'January , Kotobara , King
of Badaya , or Lollongana , and of Mafuiipatan ,
happening to die, it was feared great Tumults
would have enfued : But they were prevented by
the Wifdom of Mir Mafunim , who prefently
caufed Mahmud c Unim Kotobara , a young Man of
great Hopes, and Son to the Brother of the De-
ceafed, who had left no Children behind him,
to be elected. His Uncle had put all into the
Hands of the Perfians ; but this Prince appeared
otherwife inclined, and an Enemy to Mir Sumelay
who was the Fountain of Tyranny.
a-v!Jb Go- The Governor cheated the Author in a Bar-
[«*• gain of Cloth, and Lead, for Lances. He in¬
filled, that he had agreed with Floris for four
thoufand Pagodas, (propofing, by that Fraud, to
raife the Cuftom agreed at four per Cent . to
twelve:) To fupport his Aflertion againft the
Merchants Denial of the Fa£l, he alledged, that
he was a Mir ; and being of Mohammed' s d Pofte-
rity, his Word was to be believed before a Chrif-
tian’s. Floris was at a Lofs how to deal with this
Knave, not having Time to fend to the new
King at Golkonda\ but finding he could not be
brought to Reafon by fair Means, refolved to
make ufe of foul. But at laft, by the Inter-
ceffion of other Moors , Matters were ended ami¬
cably.
itam. The Ship being cleared at Petapcli, and hav¬
ing a good Monfon , they departed for Bantam ,
and arrived there the twenty- lixth of April 1612.
Here they found the Dutch ready to depart for
Jakatra , by reafon of the Governor’s new Ex-
adtions : But the Englijh having no Houfe there,
after fome Conteft, agreed with him for three
per Cent. Cuftom.
By David Middleton's Order, a Fa&ory had
been fettled at Sukkadania , and continued by Mr.
Spalding ; but it feemed (as Things were carried)
rather for private than public Benefit,
lane. The firft of June , they fet fail from Bantam ,
and on the twcnty-fecond came into the Road of
Patane , where they found the Bantam , a Ship
of Enkhufen , of whom they learned the Cuftoms
of the Place. On the twenty-fixth, they went
i s h to the East Indie s. 437
1 on Shore in great State, taking with them aPre- 1612.
fent of about fix hundred Ryals of Eight, to ac- Floris.
company the King’s Letter. They were well '“‘"''V*'"***3
received according to the Manner of the Coun¬
try. The Letter was laid in a Bafon of Gold,
and carried upon an Elephant, attended with
Minftrels, many Lances, and little Flags.
The Queen’s Court was fumptuoufly prepared. Governed by
The Letter was read, and free Trade granted the* %Heen’
Englijh , paying fuch Duties as the Hollanders
) did. They left the Court without feeing the
Queen, and were brought to Datou Lachmanm c,
the Shah Bandar and Officer appointed for [treat¬
ing with] Strangers, where a Banquet of Fruit
was fet before them. From thence they were
carried to the Oran Kaya Simona’ s, and there alfo
did eat. Next Day, the Queen fent them Meat
and Fruits aboard. The third of July, a Dutch
Pinnace, called the Greyhound , departed for Ja¬
pan , whofe Mailer’s Mate had brought the Letter"
from Mr. William Ada?ns to the Englifo at Ban¬
tam ; and now carried back the Company’s An-
fwer, which he promifed to deliver with his own
Hands, otherwife this could not have been done:
For the People of Japan were at Enmity with
Patane , and had burned it twice within five or
fix Years.
They had much ado to get leave to build a AFaffyy
Warehoufe here, Fire-free j which, at length, Ktledtbere‘
they did, hard by the Dutch Houfe, in a Place
affigned them thirty Fathom in Length, twenty
in Breadth : The Houfe was eight Fathom long,
and four broad. But their Demands feemed very
unreafonable, amounting, befides former Charges,
to four thoufand Ryals of Eight: To which,
however, in Hopes of future Benefit, they yield¬
ed. Sickncfs alfo much afflidled them, as if the
Plague had been in the Ship ; and Captain Hippon
died the ninth of July. Mr. Brown was nomi¬
nated his Succeflor in the Box, N° 1. but he be¬
ing dead before, N° 2. was opened, wherein
Thomas Effington was appointed. Hereunto was
added Lofs by Thieves ; who, entring the Houfe,
[by Night] Hole out of the Author’s Cheft, two
hundred eighty-three Ryals of Eight, and other
Goods ; at" the fame Time fifteen Perfons were
lleeping, and a Lamp burning in the Houfe, be¬
fides a great black Dog, and Watch kept in the
Yard : Which gave a Sufpicion, that the Thieves
were among themfelves ; but whoever they were,
they were never found out.
The Author, John Perfons , and fix more
were left in the Fa&ory here, and the Ship de¬
parted the firft of Augujl for Siam. He intend¬
ed to have written to Siam about his ill Market
of Lawns, but had no Conveniency. fie could
3 Three thirds, in Pure has. b In Purcb/is, Zaldcbar Chan .
Mahomet's. e Laxmanna , in the fame Author.
c In Purchas , Mahutndd. d Ibid.
not
438 V o y a g e s of the E n g l i
1612. not fend by Water ; and by Land no fewer than a
Fiorfs. four together would travel, for fear of Tvgers,
* — ■V'-—,and many Rivers they were obliged topafs: Which
made their Demands fo great, that he was forced
to wait fome other Opportunity. In September,
the King of Jarover-ran the Suburbs of Pahan %
burning all before him ; and Jikewife Kampon
find, which caufed a great Dearth in Pahan.
(treat Charge Although, when the Author was here four
tn Trade. years before, there was a very quick Vent for
Goods, as if the World (fays he) could not have 1
provided fufficient ; yet at this Time there was
fcarce any. The Reafon was, that the Portu¬
guese brought to Malakka the ufual Quantity,
and the Hollanders filled Bantam and the Moluk-
kas. It was owing alfo to the Trade of Moors
to TanaJJerin and Siam , befides Tarangh , a Haven
newly found out near Keda b ; the Guzerats , o-
thers from Negapatan , and the Englijh , helping
to cloy the Market : So that the Rumour is fuf¬
ficient to keep down the Price for ten Years. <
Florls could not, at that Time, make five per
Cent, although before he had made four hundred
per Cent. The eighth of October, he fent a
Cargo for Makkafar in a Junk of Empan , under
the Care of John Per fans.
On the ninth, two Junks arrived from Siam.
The Author received a Letter from Captain Efftng-
ton and Mr. Lucas , giving an Account of their
Trouble, and fmall Likelihood of Sale. This,
befides the fore-mentioned Caufes, was owing to <
the Wars, which affli&ed that Country ; thofe
of Kambois c, Laniam , and Jagoman d, having
prepared to invade it.
The twenty-fifth, the Junks, bound for
Borneo , Jambi, Java , Makkafar , Jortan, and
others Places, fet out from hence. Among thefe,
there was one belonging to Orankaya Raya In¬
dr amauda , defigned for Baniam , and thence to
Jortan , Amboyna , and Banda , and back again to
Makkafar. The Author could not imagine what 1
the Hollanders meant by fuffering the Malayans e,
Chinefe , and Moors of thofe Countries freely to
trade, and even affifting them in their Commerce
throughout the Indies ; and at the fame Time pro¬
hibit their own Servants, and Brethren, upon
Pain of Death, and Lofs of Goods. Surely, (adds
he) a Token of great Ignorance, or Envy, fuf¬
fering Turks and Heathens to grow rich, rather
than their own Countrymen fhould get their Liv¬
ing ! Surely, a great Piece of Ingratitude, and a
s h to the East Indies.
Token, that God’s Judgments are falling upon j5i2
them f ! ^ Fioris.
The eleventh of November , the Globe return-'— \^«
ed from Siam, having been eight Days in the
Way, they arrived in the Road of Siam the fif-flf SiaIn■
teenth of Augujl , and call Anchor in three Fa¬
thom at high Water: But, next Day, the Ebb
continuing for thirteen Hours together, they had
but feven Foot muddy Ground, and therefore not
very hurtful. However, they removed farther
) off, where they had three Fathom at low Water,
being four Miles (Leagues) from the- Bar2. The
City lieth about thirty Leagues up the River,
whither they fent News of their Arrival. The
Shah Bandar and Governor of Mankok h (a Place
fituated by the River) came back with the Mef-
fengers to receive King James s Letters ; but chief¬
ly for the Prefents expected. Captain Effington
and Mr. Lucas went with them to the City,
where, the feventeenth of September , they came
before the King, who prom i fed free Trade, and
gave every one a fmall golden Cup, and a little
Piece of Cloathing. The covetous Manderins, or Rapxmu
Officers of State, would have perverted the King’s°#«n.
Command, taking at their own Prices what they
pleafed, and paying when they were pleafed with
Bribes. In fhort, their Behaviour here was worfe
than in any other Part of the Indies ; till Com¬
plaint being made to the King, they were
charged not to moleft the Englijh, and the Goods
were carried to the Houfe, which hisMajefty had
affigned them, (near to that of the Hollanders )
being of Brick, the beft in Siam.
Now was the Time of Rains, and the Coun¬
try covered with Water. The twenty-fixth of
October, there arofe fuch Storms, as had not been
known there in the Memory of Man : Trees
were torn up by the Roots, and the Monument
blown down, which the King had eredled to his
Father. The Ship hardly efcaped by the Dili-
gence of Mr. Skinner and Samuel Hays, calling Sttrmu
out a third Anchor, fhe having dragged two after
her from fix to four Fathom, within an Englijh
Mile from Land. Mr. Skinner was beaten from
the Anchor-flock, but very flrangely recovered.
Five Men were drowned ; one of whom they
fuppofed to have been devoured by a Whale,
which they faw foon after they loft Sight of him.
This Storm lafted four or five Hours, and then
followed a fmooth Sea, as if there had been no
Teinpeft. But a Tempeft ftill continued aboard
a By others, written Pan, Pam, and Pahang. b By others, written Lhteda, a Place on the Coafl of
Malakka. c Kamboja. d By others, Jangoma. c In Purcbas, Mahyfans, Chinefavs.
f Thefe Judgments are not fallen yet, which proves this a raffi Judgment of the Author. However, we cannot
but agree with him, that fuch Proceedings feem a little ftrange and unnatural. On this Occafion Purcbas puts in
the Margin ; A Dutchman1* ‘Teftimony of Dutch Iniquity in his own IV ords, as they are in the tranfated Copy. Hence
it fhoulcffeem, that this Journal never was printed in Dutch. - g Road of Siam, a fafe Harbour, but in
a South South-Weft Wind. Purcbas. h Rather, Bankok , near the Mouth of the River Menan.
4
the
Voyages of the English to the E as t Indies.
439
the Ship, occafioned by the Perverfenefs of the a Treafure to i the King of Tangu . The King of 1612.
inc oiu^j j _ . j _ , mcirlp himfJdf T\/T n frf* r nt the 1 own Flons.
ewtuthnt
am.
Matter ; who was therefore apprehended, and
1 Skinner placed in his Room. As for their Trade,
they were too much becalmed, this being the
third Place of Trade in all the Indies , and fo far
diftant from Bantam and Patane a. The Caufe
whereof is this:
SECT. II.
revolted Princes. Ahteen of Patane : Enter
tains the Englifh. Inundation by Rains. Eng-
lifh Lojfes. King of Pahan arrives. The Dutch
take Solor. State of Banda. Uproar by the Ja¬
van Slaves: fuelled by the Englifh. Johor
taken by thofe of A chin.
in QIAM hath been a mighty and ancient King-
dom, but of late fubdued and tributary to
Arrakan eafily made himfelf Matter of the Town Flons.
and Country, which were almoft defolute, and
famifhed. After which, defigning to march into n egu°
Tangu , the King fent AmbafTadors, offering to
deliver to him Part of the Treafures of Pegu,
together with the white Elephant, the King’s
Daughter, (both which the Author had feen at
Arrakan in 1608 c) and even the King of Pegu
himfelf, or elfe to kill him ; as afterwards he did
Revolutions in Siam and Pegu. Siam recovers it - ^ wjth aPilon, [or wooden Peftel] which they ftamp
felf. Oppreffed by Japanefe Slaves. Invaded by their Rice with, that no Signs of Stabbing might
1 ~ ~ r n~“ - - appear. And thus this mighty Empire came to
Ruin, fo that then there remained no Footfteps
of it. The King of Arrakan beftowed the Town
or Fort of Siriangh* , lying upon the fame River
of Pegu, on Philip de Britto de Nicote , and the
Portuguese, on whom he conferred the Name of
Chenga c, that is, Honejl : Which Honour Cheng a
~ aom, DUC or iaic iuuuucu «nu l..u— 7 ~ requited three or four Years after, by taking his
pegu, which vet continued not long: For the c Son Prifoner, and obliging him to pay eleven hun-
King of Siam dying, left two Sons, who were dred thoufand Tangans, and ten Galeas of R c
Sht up in the King of Pegu’s Court; but for his Ranfom. This de Bntto ft.ll lorded it
flying from thence to Siam , the eldeft (called, in when Flons was in the Indies, m Dcuancc
t; LTl%) eV'Ko&^y Pegu's Deftru£lion, Sia. =
fet “up for himfelf: Againtt whom the King of and hath fince brought in Subjection the - g-
Pegufc nt the Prince his Son, who was flam in doms of Kombeja , Lamangh, Jagomay , Lug r,
thofe Wars ; which occafioned the Deftrudion of Patane, Tanafenm , and feveral others. In 1605,
the whole Kingdom, and the Lives of many the Black King deceafed without flue, _ and left
Millions of Peraans The Kino- grieved for the d his Dominions to his Brother, called the White
Del of his S "ufed h\ ch?efg/>^ Lords KinS, who was a covetous Prince bur * to
Kingdoms in Peace : He died in xoio, leaving ic-
veral Children behind him, which occafioned much
Diftraaion : For lying on his Death Bed, he
caufed his eldeft Son, a young Prince of great
Hopes, to be flain, at the Inftigation o { Jokkrom-
rneway, one of the principal Lords of Siam ; who
having had many Slaves, thought to have made
himfelf King.
This pretent King (who was the fecond bon
of the White King, and about twenty-two Years
of Age) not long after difpatched Jckkrommeway.
That Traitor had, among other Slaves, two Opfnjjid by
hundred and eighty Japanefe-, who,, thinking to JjPJjk
revenue their IVlafler^s Death), and to atchievt
and Soldiers (himfelf being of the Kindred of the
Brama’s) to be( flain b. This Severity bred fuch
great Difcontent, that feveral tributary Kings
(whereof he had twenty) revolted daily from
him : Which, at length, encouraging the Black
King to make War againtt him, he marched to
the City of Uncha, or Pegu \ but after lying be¬
fore it for two Months, without doing any Good,
he raifed the Siege, and returned to Siam. Not e
long after, the King of Pegu , as well on Ac¬
count of the great Dearth and Lofs of People,^
as to avoid falling into the Plands of the King of
Arrakan , who was coming againtt him with a
mighty Power, furrendered himfelf and all his
» ThisPaffage, which Pure has hath made fcarce intelligible m the Text,, he radcT^ LP ^De
them See pjugn.xe Jfia, vcl. 3. f. . 27. * In JWvts, JUnga .Thus Sole for J
UJt Ch. De Tar, a fays, the Title of O*, ox Good Man, was given h.m by the It ople ioHus ^
Succefs in War; and that they proclaimed him King of Pegu 1 lus was the Occa j hiin for Ge-
Prince was taken Prifoner by Nicote, who treated him with fuch extraordi . y p » ‘ g S , ^ * j,,
nerofity with great Men; and defervedly intitled him to the Denomination of Uoanga. See tl.e lame, p ,3
f In Purchas , Cambaya. * Before, Jagoman . fome
440
I 6 1 2.
Fluris.
invaded by
revolted
P tinea.
Queen • f
Patane.
Enter taint
the Englifli.
Voyages of the Engl
fome memorahle Exploit, ran to the Palace ; ,and
furprizing it, compelled the new King to deliver
four of the principal Nobles to be {lain, as Caufes
of their Mailer’s Death. Having, after this, ufed
him for fome Time at their Difcretion, they
forced him to fubferibe, with his own Blood, fiich
Conditions as they propofed to him ; and to give
fome of the chief Palapos a, or Priefls, for Hofla-
ges. This done, they committed great Outrages,
and departed with immenfe Treafure; the Sia mites
not being able to help themfelves.
Upon this Occafion, the Kingdoms of Kam¬
boja and Lanlangh revolted ; as did alfo one Banga
de Laa , a Peguan. The Year before the King
of Lanlangh entered Siam, and came within three
Days Journey of the City of Odiya b, hoping to
find the Country Hill embroiled with the Ja -
ponian Slaves : But they being departed, the King
of Siam fet out to meet him, who thereupon re¬
treated. The two other Kings were (as it was
reported) to have joined their Forces in April , in
order to difpoflefs this young King ; which yet
they were not likely to effedl, (in the Opinion
of the Author) unlefs his own Subjects proved
treacherous. In fhort, it was their hard Luck to
light upon thefe Times fo unfitting for Trade.
It w as refolved, that the Ships fhould winter
in Patane , forced thither by feveral Caufes. The
thirty-firft of December , the Queen, accompani¬
ed with above fix hundred Praws, went to divert
herfelf. She lay firft at Sabrangh, where the Eng¬
lijh went firft to falute her, and difeourfed with
her in Company of the Hollanders. She was a
comely old Woman, threefcore Years of Age;
tall, and full of Majefty : In all the Indies, they
had feen but few like her. She was attended by
her Sifter, who was next Heir; and her younger
Sifter’s little Daughter, who was married to Raja
Siak, Brother to the King of Joor c. This Sifter,
commonly called the young Queen, was about
forty-fix Years of Age, and never yet was mar¬
ried. After fome Talk with the Englijh , fhe let
fall the Curtain, which was the Sign for them to
depart ; giving them to underftand, at the fame
Time, that next Day they fhould come again :
Accordingly, next Day, they went, and were
well entertained. There were twelve Women
and Children, who danced fo well, that the Au¬
thor fays, he had not feen any in the Indies perform
better. After thefe, all the Gentry were com¬
manded to dance ; or, at leaft, to make Shew of
dancing: Which caufed no fmall Laughter. The
EngliJ}) and Hollanders were obliged to do the
like, which pleafed the Queen extremely. She
had not been out of her Houfe for feven Years
before, and was then going to hunt wild Buffies d
i s h to the East Indies.
a and Bulls, which the Country abounds with. As ifij-
file palled along, with her Train betwixt the Fiorfi
EngliJ!) Houfe and the Ship, they faluted her with'—— v—
fome Guns from on board, and Mufket fhot on
Shore.
During Winter, (which is here in Novem- hmdatm
her and December ) the Water, by continual Rains,
rofe higher than had been known in the Memory
of Man ; fo that a great Number of Beaftsdied,
many Houfes were carried away, and much Harm
b done. The twenty-fifth of January [1613] they
had News, by a Dutch Ship from Siam, that Mr.
Lucas had fold more than half his Goods ; and
that the King had bought a great Parcel thereof:
Neither would he fuffer the Officers to carry them
away, under Pretext of being the King’s, with¬
out an Order from himfelf. They received an
Account alfo from Keda , that the Portuguese,
with fifteen hundred Men from St. Thome , had
taken the Hollanders Ploufe in Paleakate , {lain
c their Men, and carried away their Effedls. In
March , the Author fent the Ship for Siam with
more Goods.
The King of Pahan married the younger Pahan at.
Sifter of the Queen of Patane ; who, not having
feen her in twenty-eight Years, fent feveral fo-
lemn Embaffies to requeft that Favour : Which
not obtaining, fhe flopped all the Junks that
came from Siam, Kamboja , Bordelongh , Lugor ,
or other Places, laden with Rice for Pahan ; and
d fent forth all her Power by Sea, confiding of a-
bove feventy Sail, with four thoufand Men, un¬
der Command of Maha Raja, Datou Bajfar,
and Orankaya Sirnora, with Order to bring her
Sifter thither, either by fair Means, or Force :
So that the Author was of Opinion, Pahan would
be much diftrefted, confidering the great Dearth
and Want of Provifions, the burning of his
Houfe, Rice, and Barns ; together with the Wars
engaged in with Joor : Whofe King was faid to
e be making great Preparation, defigning to march
in Perfon againft Pahan ; while the King of Bor¬
neo, on the other Side, was arming to fuccour-
it.
In April 1613, there arrived feveral Junks from
Kamboja and China. In May, Mr. Floris received Frjjtt,
Letters from Siam, with News of a good Sale,
and the Globe’s Arrival. He was bufy about fend-
ing a Cargo of Goods for Japan ; and finding
Advantage might be made of Chinefe Commodi-
f ties, he took up three thoufand Ryals of Eight
of the Queen for three or four Months, allowing
fix per Cent, to the Queen, and one to the Trea¬
surer. He received the ill News from Bantam,
that Katnpochina c had been twice burnt, the great
Englijh Houfe full of Cloth, and that of the Hol-
a By others, called Tale pots, or Tale poins, b In Pure has, Odja , the fame with Siam
or Johan. | In Purchas , Buffes. « Called Tampon Jina , p. 438 3.
c Jor,
landers
1613.
! Floris.
Cmg of ?*-
un arrives.
'h Dutch
oki Solor,
Voyages of the Engli
landers having perifhed in the Flames ; that a 2
large Englijh Ship a, at Pulo Panian, was much
diftrefled, a great Mortality being aboard ; and
that the Aobiners had befieged Joor.
JULY thetwelfth,theKingof.Ptf/;tfw, with his
Wife the Queen’s Sifter, and two Sons arrived at
Patane , muchagainft his Will; leaving his Country
greatly diftra&ed by Famine, Fire, and War, his
Subjects having formed a Confpiracy. He brought
News, that the Achiners had taken Joor , after
twenty-nine Days Siege; and carried all the Ord¬
nance, Slaves, and other Things, away with
them. Raja Boungfon , with his Children, were
taken Prifoners ; and the King of Joor fled to
Bintam. Some Hollanders alfo, whofe Ship was
then at Joor , were there taken and flain. None
of the Grandees went to viftt the King of Pahan ;
only all the Dogs were killed in Complaifance to
him, becaufe he had an Averfion to thofe Ani¬
mals. The Englijh (hooting, as he paffed by, to
honour him, he took it very kindly ; defiring them
to come to fee him, and trade in his Country.
JULY the ftxteenth. News came of Captain
Saris being at Machian b, in the Way to Japan ;
likewife of the Death of Sir Henry Middleton on
the twenty-fourth of Afay, chiefly through Grief,
as was thought : The Trade s-lncreafe lying there
on Ground, without a Maft ; being ftieathed on
one Side, and not on the other. She had only
thirty-three Men left, and of thofe the greater
Part were fick : There died in her, by fome
ftrange Sicknefs, one hundred Englijhmen , more
Chinefe, who wrought for Wages, and eight
Dutchmen. Captain Schot had taken the Caftle,
and Ifland of Solor , with great Quantity of San¬
dal Wood. In the Molukkos alfo, they [the Dutch]
had gained confiderable Advantages over the Spa¬
niards , and a hot War was likely to enfue. The
thirty-firft, the King of Pahan came to the Eng¬
lijh Houfe, with much State, giving them great
Encouragement to trade in his Country.
AUGUST the firft, the Queen fent for them
to Court, where a great Fealt was made in Ho¬
nour of the King of Pahan. There was alfo a
Comedy a<fted by Women, after the Javan Man¬
ner, apparelled antique-like, which was very agree¬
able. On the ninth, the King of Pahan depart¬
ed ; having been, while he continued here, a
h /a East Indies, 44 1
Laughing-ftock to the Patances. The Queen’s 1613.
Sifter would by no Means ftay behind, but re- Floris.
turned with him ; having fpent alrnoft all (he had,*—
inftead of being enriched by Prefents. On the
ftxteenth, the Author received a Letter from Tho¬
mas Bret, at Makkafar, giving him an Account,
that the Market was bad ; and that John Perfons
had run mad : That they had bought a Junk, with
Deftgn to have come away ; but that in the
mean Time, the Darling arrived laden with Cloth,
to fettle a Facftory there.
S E PTE MB E R the eighteenth, Raja Indra Stats „r
Atonda returned to Patane ; from whence, on Banda/
the twenty-fifth of Oftober, he went to Makkafar ,
and thence to Banda , where he made a good
Market. He brought about two hundred Sockles
of Mace, and a great Parcel of Nutmegs. The
Author received a Letter by him, from Richard
Weldon , giving him an Account of the Condition
of Banda. The [Dutch'] General Peter de Bot ,
having adled with Severity, in hanging fome for
fleeping on the Watch, on a Gallows hard by
the Caftle, feveral Dutchmen deferted to the Ban-
deftans , and ten turned Mohammedans : Neither
could the General by any Means recover them.
The Dutch have no Dominion over the Bande-
fians, only they oblige the Junks, and Ships, to
ride under the Caftle ; But although they com¬
mand at Sea, they dare not give the Natives a
bad Word on Land.
The twenty-third, the Globe arrived from
Siam , and brought Mr. Floris a Letter from
Mr. Lucas ; informing him, that he had heard
nothing about the Cargo fent to Jagomay c, be¬
caufe the Paflages were flopped, by reafon of the
Wars between the People o \ Awa, and Laniangb.
The King of Aw a was faid to have taken Siri-
angh, and to have caufed the Chenga to be flain d.
The King of Siam expe&ed him with great
Forces, keeping good Watches on his Borders.
Floris paid the Queen her Debt in Gold.
OCTOBER the fourth, being the Moors firft uproar by
Day of Lent, about eight of the Clock in the th‘ Jav^a
Morning, a great Fire began in the Town, otSlavu ‘
rather the Fort and Court of Patane. The
Caufe was this : Datoe Befar , and Datoe Lach-
manna , dwelling near to each other, and being
the richeft in Javan Slaves, excepting Raja Sheyi
a This was the Trade' s-lncreafe [commanded by Sir Henry Middleton] Purchas. b By others, Machian.
c By others, Jangomai. d This agrees with de Faria's Account ; who fays, the King of Ova, (or Awa)
refentine the Violence which Nicote had done to the King of Tangu, befieged Siriang; which, for Want of
Powder, was taken, after thirty-four Days Siege. Nicote, and a Nephew of his, was impaled. iWA Wife,
whom the Kino- defigned for his Concubine, having exclaimed againft him, when brought into his Prefence, he
ordered her Leg to be bored ; and that {he ihould be fent to Ova, among the other Slaves. This Woman en¬
tertained one of her Hufband’s Captains, as her Gallant ; and, perceiving the Portuguese confined their famili¬
arity, they perfuaded Nicote, he had no Need of them ; whereupon, they were difmifled, (excepting an hundred)
and that was the Caufe of his Ruin. He had befides, three thoufand Peguans in the Caftle. He, from a Beggar,
in a few Years, rofe to be worth three Millions of Money. See Portuguese Afia , Vol. 3. p. 191. & “HE
VoL. I. N° 22, - L 1 1 i ft
442 Voyages of the Engli
1613. it chanced, this Daioe Befar’s Slaves, had threat-
Floris. r.ed to kill him, Lachmanna , Raja Sitterbangh ,
■'V“’"~,'and others; which at laft came to their Ears.
Hereupon, Datoe Bejar , calling in his Slaves, ex.
amined the Bufinefs, which they denied. Not-
withftanding, he caufed two, who were moft
fufpe<fted, to be bound : This, the Pongonla of the
Slaves oppofing, Befar thruft him through with
his Kris, or Dagger. The "Javan Slaves enra¬
ged hereat, had laid hold on their Lord, but that
his other Slaves freed him : Neverthelefs, they
in their Fury, flew all who came in their Way,
and fet Fire on their Houfes. The "Javan Slaves
of Lachmanna , feeing their Countrymen in
Trouble, in Spite of their Mailer’s Threats, join¬
ed them. They were about an hundred in Num¬
ber; and ran to the great Gate, called Punta
Gorbangb, fetting all on Fire on both Sides, as
they went : So that the whole Town, except fome
few Houfes, as the Queen’s Court, Orankayo Sir-
nora , Dotoe Bandara , and the Masjcd a, was
burned. In their Pafiage, they took the beft
Women Slaves they met, along with them ; and
continued till one o’ Clock, Afternoon, in an
Uproar, none daring to come near them.
Quelled by Mean Time, th z Englijb were not without
EngJiih. Apprehenflons in their Quarter ; the Slaveshav¬
ing threatned to fall on their Houfe : Wherefore,
(in Conjun&ion with the Hollanders ) they kept
ftrong Watch ; and fent aboard for all the Afiift-
ance that could be had, who came in very good
Time. As foon as they had prepared themfelves,
they refolved to prevent the Viflt intended them
by the Slaves, and put a Stop to their Career.
“T his happened juft as they were coming down :
But being informed by their Spies, of the Strength
of the Englijb , and that they were advancing to¬
wards them, they retired acrofs the Fields ; and
fled to Jfuale Bouka , and fo forwards to Bordolongh ,
Sagnora , and into the Country. Thus, without
receiving any Harm, they got the Name of De¬
fenders of Strangers. The Javans were followed
afterwards, to little Purpofe, only three or four
lick Men were taken Prifoners : But what became
of the reft, was not known at the Departure of
the Englijb. This is the third Time that Pata-
ne b had been burnt ; twice by the Japanefe c,
and once by the Javans.
loh)rtake»^ On the twenty-firft, they took Leave of the
Queen ; who gave the Author, and Captain Ef-
flngton , a golden Kris. They left William Ebert f
in the Houfe with Robert Litleword , and Ralph
Cooper ; alfo Letters for Mr. Lucas at Siam. The
fame Day arrived the Hope, from Johor. At her
entering that Port, the Dutch went on Shore :
But before they could return aboard, the Fleet
of Achin was poftcd to beflege the Town. Upon
s h to the East Indies.
1 this, they fent a Letter to thofe on board, to fend 161:
thirty armed Men on Land, and come with the Fioul
Ship as high as they could, into the River, in
order to fight againft the Achiners : But by reafon
of the Shoals, they could not get high enough.
After twenty-nine Days, the Town was furren-
dered by Compofition.
Twenty-three Hollanders were taken Pri¬
foners there, and twelve came aboard : Among:
them, there were none of Command, except the
> Mafter’sMate, and one Afliftant. Thefe refolved
for Patane ; but being encountered with a Storm,
they were driven upon the Coral Bank of Borneo ;
from whence, by a larger Wind, they were fet
towards Pulo Kondor. It being now impoflibleto
recover Patane , they fought Refrefhing in the
Warellas ; where they had a good Bay, but an ill
Kitchen, the People being their Enemies. The
Ship came to Patane with eighteen Men, moft
of them lying in a fickly Condition in their Cab-
c bins. She brought with her fifteen thoufandRy-
als of Eight, and twenty-nine Packs of Indian
Cloth.
SECT. III.
They leave Patane. Str eights o/'Sinkapura. Come
to Mafulipatan. Affairs of Pegu. Captain
Ellington dies. Invitation to trade , from the
great King of Nariinga. Great Inundation. King
j of Narfinga dies. The Governor1 s Trifling, and
Delays. Mr. Floris forms a Dcjign to arreji
him. Seizes his Son , and carries him aboard.
Overtures from the Governor ; who pays the Debt.
They fail to Bantam. Regulations in the Fleet.
They return homewards.
H E next Morning, the Englijb left Pata-Thykmt
ne. The twenty-fifth, they were with the patane*
Southermoft Iflands of Ridangh , (which are about
eighteen, or twenty in all, lying in fix Degrees)
1 and in the Evening, pafied by the three little Ifles
of Kapas , about thirteen Leagues from the former,
and two from the Continent. The twenty-fixth,
they (aw Pulo Tiaman , South and South by Eaft
fiom Kapas , twenty-eight Leagues. The twenty-
ninth, being calm, they came to Pulo Tingi. If
you keep at eighteen Fathom, you need fear no
hidden Danger.
The firft of November , they faw the Point of
Jantana, or Johor , and the Mount upon the
Ifland of Bintam. Next Morning, they came in
Sight of Pedra Branca ; and about ten o’ Clock,
were up with the dangerous Rift, which falls off
from the Point of Johor , four Leagues into the
Sea. John Hagens d deferibes this Shoal very
well, which they pafied, not without Danger ;
the Point, with the three little Iflands, bearing
* ,^n furchas, Mcjlita. b Here, and afterwards, written Patania. c In Purcbas, Japanders,
4 This is John Hugcns van Linfchoten ; from whom Extracts have been given before, p. 225. & feqq. *
2 * Weft
Voyages of the Englii
[614. Weft South- Weft. It is good to keen nfF Sea* a
Floris. till you bring the little Ifles, (hut in with the Point
JJjor and Rear a nr area, open with the I fie
Mbn of tf'Bintam. Pedra Branca is a Rock, full of
jkapjra. pQWj^ wj10fe Top being white with their Dung,
it thence takes that Name. Till the feventh,
they were every Day bufy turning up with the
Flood, till they were pall the River of Johor,
and came within two Leagues of Sinkapura. On
the eighth, divers Praws came aboard them, hard
by the Streight. Thofe on board were Salettes , b
fubjedl to the King of Johor ; who, for the molt
Part, dwell in their Praws, with their Wives and
Children, and live by fifhing. By thefe they un-
derftood, that the King of Achin , had fent Raja
Bouny Soe , the King of Johor’s younger Brother,
back again with great Honour, attended by thirty
Praws, and two thoufand Achiners, to rebuild
the Fort and City of Johor ; with good Store of
Ordnance, and other NecefTaries to furnifh it.
For having married him to his Sifter, he defigned c
to fet him in the old King’s Place. Here they
took a Pilot to carry them through the Streights.
« to Ma- The nineteenth of December , they arrived at
ipatan. Mafulipatan , where they found an Englijh Ship,
and two Hollanders. They underftood, that Mir
Sadardi was out of Place, and that Atmakhan ,
and Bufebulleran did govern. The Ship was the
James , fent exprefly to fecond them in their Voy¬
age. Meflieurs Marlow , Davis , Gurney , and Cob,
came aboard the Globe , and delivered them c
Letters. The twenty-firft, the Author, [and
others] went on Shore, where they were met by
Wentakadra, Son to Bufebulleran , with the Shah
Bandar , and other Moors , by whom they were
well received ; being prefented with feveral Tef-
ferifFs. The Director Warner , and the Author,
had each a fine Horfe given them. Floris refufed
his, fufpe&ing their Treachery ; but was com¬
pelled to accept it. He took a Kaul at four per
Centum , and landed Goods. t
The twenty-fifth of January , [1613-14] the
James departed for Petapoli ; and on the feventh
of February , from thence for Bantam. On the
eighteenth, Mr. Floris went to Narfapur Peka ;
and the nineteenth, the Ship was brought into the
River, drawing nine Foot three quarters ; and,
having ten and an half, contrary to the Reports
of fome, who wifhed no Good to the Englijfo.
The twenty-third, the Author returned to Mafu¬
lipatan, and difpatched the Peon a, for Surat ,
writing to Mr. Aldwortb.
hinof The fame Day, arrived a Navel te, from Pegu ,
in, wherein came Cornelius Franke : Bv whom they
underftood, for certain, that the King of Awa
had taken the Fort of Siriangh , and {lain all the
Portugueze > and that the Cheng a, or Philip de
5 h to the E ast Indies. . 443
Britto , was either fpitted, or foulath’J. This was 1614.
done in March laft. The King had given Order Ftoris.
for rebuilding the old Town, inviting the Peguers '“v'—
♦ , , - * ^ • r T T nr .
With manv rair rroim&ta, umuvit went ror-
j
ward towards Tenefferin , where Banga Dela came
to him, with fifty thoufand Peguers , who before
had been under the King of Siam. The Moors in
Mafulipatan rejoiced greatly at this Conqueft,
hoping to get theT rade of Pegu, into their Hands
again ; and prepared two Ships to fend thither in
September.
I n March , there came News of eleven Ships
being arrived at Goa , eight from China , and three
from Malakka ; which brought down the Price of
the Market, in a good Hour for the Author, who
had almoft fold-off his Merchandize before. In
April , 1614, Atmakhan departed for Golkonda b, to
give up his Accounts, the Year drawing to an
End. It was well for him, the King having de-
pofed the great Treafurer, and given his Office
to Malek c Tufa, Atmakhan s Friend : It was well
alfo for the Englijh , the Debts of thefe Governors
being good, fo long as they continue in Place >
otherwife they are doubtful.
The eighteenth of May , at five in the Even- Captain Ef-
ing, died Captain Ejfington , of a fudden Fever ; fington diet.
having eaten his Dinner at the Table. He had
fome Biles about him, which at that Time of the
Year, are very common : There was a great one
on his Shoulder, which, not breaking, was fup-
I pofed to be the Caufe of that Heat. Mr. Floris
went and fet the Ship in the beft Order he could ;
but would not take theCommand, (although they
refufed to be under any body elfe) thinking it a
Difparagement to fucceed his under Merchant.
For that Time therefore he committed the
Charge to Mr. Skinner ; giving them Hopes how¬
ever, that he would take the Command himfelf
thereafter, in order to keep them from uegledt-
ing their Duty.
: Returning to Mafulipatan , he found three imhatkn t*
Perfons from Obiama , Queen of Paleakate ; Jag a trade.
Raja, Governor thereabout, and of St. Thome ;
Apa Kandia, Secretary of the great King Wenka-
tad Raja , with Letters: Acquainting him, that if
he would come thither, they would grant him a
Place over-againft the Fort of Paleakate, with all
fuch Privileges as he fhould defire, befides other
great Promifes : But Mr. Floris, reflecting on the
Entertainment they had met with there, placed
f no great Dependence on thofe Offers. However,
at laft it was agreed, that one of the Meflengers
fhould ftay with the Author, and the reft return
with his Man Wengali , who was to carry his A n-
fwer to the aforefaid Perfons ; and a Letter to
the King himfelf. In this, he took Notice of
the bad Entertainment, which the Englijh met
with
* An Indian Footman.
b In Purchas, Golanda .
LI 1.2
c In Purchas , Malick.
444
1 6 1 4-
Fliris.
Voyages of the English
with at Paleakate ; and requefted, that, if it was a and
From the
Ki'-g e/Nar-
finga.
Great Inun¬
dation.
his Pleafure, they fhould come into his Country,
he would fend them his Kaul, or fafe Condu6l?
pm which thev aught deueiui.
The twenty-ninth of July, there arrived four
Perfons, as Ambafladors, along with JVengali ,
from the great King of Narfinga , or Velur , who
brought Mr. Floris the King’s Koul , with his
AbeJUam , (which is a white Cloth, bearing the
Impreffion of his own Hand, in Sandal, or Saf¬
fron) ; likewife one from the Queen of Paleakate ,
befides feveral Letters from Jaga Raja, Tima.
Raja, Apokandaia , and others. The King’s Let¬
ter was written upon a Leaf of Gold, wherein he
excufed the Offence given the Englijh at Palea¬
kate ; and invited them to come to his Country,
giving them Leave to choofe a Place for building
a Houfe or Caftle to their liking, befides other
Privileges. As an Earneft of his good Will, he
beffowed on Mr. Floris a Town, yielding an In¬
come of about four hundred Pound a Year,
promifing to do more for him at his next Arrival.
The Hollanders did all they could to obftru<5t
thefe Favours: But their Influence was not great
enough. The Inhabitants grieving, to fee every
Year Englijh Ships pafs by, without reaping any
Benefit from them, filled the King’s Ears wirh
Complaints, and procured thofe friendly Offers.
Mr. Floris kept the Envoys with him, and bore
their Expences, till the Ship came into the Road.
His Man IVengali had fpoken in Perfon with
the King ; who laid his Hand on his Head, and
prefented him with a Tefferiffe.
I n Augujl , there happened in Narfapur Peta,
and thereabouts, a greater Overflowing, than had
been feen in twenty-nine Years : The whole Salt-
Hills, Towns, and Rice, drove away, and many
thoufand Men, and Cattle, were drowned ; the
Water rifing three Yards above the Highway.
In Golkonda , (from whence a Branch runs into
this River, which is dry in Summer) above five
thoufand Houfes were wafhed away. Two Stone
Bridges, one of nineteen, the other of fifteen
Arches, (the like, for curious Workmanfhip,
fcarcely to be feen in Europe) were laid three Foot
under Water; although in the Author’s Judg¬
ment, they were before, at leaft three Fathom
higher than the Surface ; and fix Arches of the
nineteen-arch Bridge, (which might be well com¬
pared with that of Rochejler ) wafhed away.
to the East Indies.
the Shah Bandar, to fee that Satisfaction was
made him. The twenty-third, the Ship
came
into the Roau cf
FA'^idibatan
j • -
the
and Floris
Order for loading the Goods. On the twenty-
fifth, came News of the Death of Wenkatadrapa b.
King of Velur, after fifty Years Reign ; and that
his three Wives, (of whom Obiama , Queen of
Paleakate was one) had burned themfelves with
the Corps. Great Troubles were apprehended :
The Hollanders were afraid of their Caftle newly
built in Paleakate. Soon after, fix ty- fix Soldiers
came in the Lion, to {Lengthen it.
The firft of November, the Lion arrived from rteGtmr
Bantam', which brought an Account, that the »«•’* tnjh,
Bantam was caft away in the Tcjfell, and the
White Lion at St. Helena: Alfo that the James had
got fafe to Bantam, and was gone thence for
Patane. Mr. Floris, perceiving the Governor
trifled with him about the Payment of his Debts,
and being in Danger by the Delay of not return¬
ing this Year, refolved to carry either him or his
Son, from the Cuftom-houfe, aboard the Ship,
how dangerous foever the Attempt might prove;
the whole Company promifing to fupport him.
Whereupon, he fent the Boat aboard, with Or¬
ders, to bring fix Mufkets wrapped up in the
Sails; and lay them in the Cuftom-houfe, which
flood clofe by the Water Side, till they fhould fee
their Opportunity. Moreover, as they were not
permitted to bring any Weapons afhore, he or¬
dered all his People to ftay in the Houfe, till he
fhould fend for thofe five to feize the Pikes, be¬
longing to the Soldiers of the Governor’s, or his
Son’s Guard: That then they fhould prefently en¬
ter the Cuftom-houfe, (which flood clofe by
the River Side) and fhut the Door ; that fo
they might be able to carry them into the Boat,
before the Town knew any thing of the Mat¬
ter. This Defign, as fecretly as they kept it,
came to the Ears of the Hollanders, who, con¬
cluding it no more than a Brag, did not difeo-
ver it. ,
On the twenty-firft of November, the Gentiles
had a Feftival, which happens thrice a Year,
when the New Moon falls on a Monday : At this
Time, both Men and Women come to wafh
themfelves in the Sea, believing it efficacious in
purging away their Sins. The Bramenes, and Ko-
metis , do the fame.
The twenty- fourth, Mr. Floris demanded hisTif yfdxt
King if Nat ■
£nga dies.
The fourth of Oftober, the Ship being fheath- f Money of the Governor, in a very angry Tone, bl1 ‘Sw,,
ed, came over the Bar without Hurt, hindered
before by the foul Weather. And now Mr.
Floris renewed his Demand for Debts, and wrote
thereof the third Time to Court, telling them,
that he would be paid the Intereft alfo. Where¬
upon, they wrote to Mir Mahmud a Rafa,
* In Purcbas, Mabutnad,
having ftaid feven Months beyond the Time: He
likewife afked Mir Mahmud Rafa, why he did
not help him, according to the Contents of the
Letters from Court? Mahmud anfwered, fleering,
that they would talk with him at the Cuftom-
houfe, when his Anger was over, Floris replied,
b Before, called Wematardaja .
S H
Voyages of the E n g 1 1
£ , he would no longer be trifled with, but would let a
Fieri sT them fee, that he was one of the King of Eng-
/y'VJ land’s Captains, wno were not accuitomed to bear
with fuch knavilh Dealing. Hereupon, he went
to the Cuftom-houfe, where he found the Gover¬
nor’s Son with a fmall Guard of Soldiers. As
they had fet their Lances in the Sheet over-
againft the Door, and it was juft then high Wa¬
ter, nothing could happen more opportunely.
Wherefore, he immediately fent home, (as had
been agreed) for Mr. Skinner , and the reft; who 1
coming forthwith, (leaving only three behind to
look to the Houfe) fecured the Pikes, and enter¬
ing the Cuftom-houfe, {hut the Door.
L {urry Mean Time, Fieri s held IVenkatadra faff by
rn aboard, the Arms, till two or three came up, and carried
him into the Boat. The Englijh leaping in after
him, put off from Shore, and rowed away : So
that before his Father, and Mir Mahmud RaJ'a
arrived, the Boat was a pretty Way from Shore.
But in regard it blew hard, and they were forced
to row under Land, within the Length of two
Cables, to keep the deep Channel, the Indians be¬
gan to purfue them vigoroufly. Some got very
near the Boat, but were out-rowed ; others met
them in Front, which might have endangered
them : But by difeharging three Mufkets, they
frighted them away, and carried off their Prize,
in Sight of three thoufand People ; being much be¬
yond the Bar, before thePurfuers could come to it.
Floris had left George Chancey afhore, with Orders
to give a Reafon for this Hoftihty, and get in the
Debts : But he, contrary to his Inftru&ions, go¬
ing out of the Houfe to fee this A&ion, was, by
{bine unruly bellows, fet upon, and foundly beaten :
Which, coming to the Governor’s Ears, he took
him into his Proteftion, for Fear his Son might
fare the worfe for it.
Vverturts I n the Afternoon, Werner van Berchem , the
from the Go- Hollander , came aboard, with tire King’s Inter¬
preter, to know the Caufe of this Proceeding.
Mr. Floris told them, they could not be ignorant
of it ; and that he had alfo left his under Mer¬
chant on Shore to acquaint him with it. Being
informed of what had happened to that Perfon,
he made a Shew,, as if he would be revenged on
IVenkatadra : But by van Berchem $ Interceflion,
he forbore; threatening, however, to hang him at
the Yard-arm, in cafe any of his Men ftiould be
injured ; about which, he wrote to his Father.
Floris alfo forbad any Boat to come aboard, with¬
out a Letter from George Chancey , declaring, that
if there did, he would fet the Men before theMaft.
Van Berehem, with the Secretary, came aboard
again on the twenty-feventh, offering the Gover¬
nor’s own Debt. Mr. Floris replied, he would be
fatisfied, provided alfo that he paid him the Debt
due from Kallopa , whofc Surety he was ; and
vtrnQr ,
to the East Indies.
that he fhould fend fuch aboard as refufed to pay
him. Berchem alfo protefted againft the Proceed¬
ings of Floris , who, he faid, fhould be anfwera-
ble for all Damages, which they had received, or
might receive, on Account of his Hoftility. Flo¬
ris (hewed the Nullity of this Proteft in Writing ;
and the fame Night, the Dutch Ship failed for
Patane.
Mean while, IVenkatadra remained anoard ivbopayitbs
without eating or drinking. For being a Bra-®e^'
\ men , it was not lawful for him either to eat or
drink any Thing in another Man s Houfe, but
what he had dreffed himfelf. Floris , on this Ac¬
count, pitying him, offered to let him go, pro¬
vided any two Moors of Quality would come a-
board in his Place: But none cared to be his
Bondfmen. The Governor therefore paid hi»-
and Kallopa’ s Debt, and made all the reft pay ; ex¬
cept Miriapeik , and Datapa , who were in Gcl-
konda: So the Prifoner wasdifeharged the thirtieth
c of November.
After this Agreement, divers Moors, and
others, came aboard to vifit Mr. floris , promi-
fing to write to the King a faithful Account of
thefe Proceedings, and dehring him not to hurt
any Moorijh Ships. He anfwered, that for that
Time he was fatisfied : But warned them to take
Heed for the future, of giving like Caufe, and
give better Ear to Englijhrnens Complaints. He
alfo fent Letters to the King at Gblkonda, to the
d fame Purpofe, in order to procure quicker Juftice,
and difpatched the Ambafladors of Velur ; tho
Troubles there, and his (hort Stay, not permitting
him to accept of the Offers made him by the late
King: Yet, he left Letters with them, for the
firft Englijh Ships, containing his beft Advice.
The leventh of December , Mr. Chancey came a- They fall it
board with the reft, and nextNight Mr. Floris put Bantam,
to Sea; having offered to go and take friendly rare-
wel on Shore : But the Governor fearing he would
write an Account of his Dealing by tho kMoorsy
refufed ; pretending he was affiamed to leehisrace,
whom of a good Friend he had made his Enemy.
The third of January, [1615] they arrived at Ban¬
tam \ where they found the James come nom Buta¬
ne, the Hollander , and Concord. The Author went on
Shore, and received of Mr. John Jordayne, (princi¬
pal Fa&or Bantam) feveral Letters, viz. from Sir
Thomas Smith, intimating, that the feveral Stocks
of the Company were united, IFe. from Mr.
. Cochin, at Makkafar, that he had received
the Cargo, fent by William Ebert , with other
Circumftances ; from Adam Denton, and Mr.
Gourney, complaining of the dead Market, on ac¬
count of the Wars ; and from Mr. Lucas, con¬
cerning his Fears on the fame Occafion : But as
the Darling was gone thither, the Author hoped,
(he would afford him fome Comfott.
446 Voyages of the Engu
J 6 1 2. Her E they agreed, that the Hofiander' s Goods
Cartieton. fhould be removed into the Globe \ thut Edward
- - v - 1 Chriftian (made Captain thereof in this Country
SflZ. by General B™/1 •) ftiould be Captain of the
Globe •, and JSathaniel salmon , Mafter ; and that
Mr. Skinner ftiould go Matter in the Hofiander :
That in the Globe ftiould go fifty Men ; in th ejames
fifty-five ; twenty in the Hofiander , which was
to ftay here ; and three or four to keep the Con¬
cord.
On the thirtieth, the fames departed a Month
before-hand, with Orders to ftay at the Cape,
or St. Helena , that they might return together :
And feeing the Hofiander could not fo quickly be
made ready, it was thought fit to fend the Con¬
cord for Amboyna , George Bale going in her ; and
George Chancey was to ftay in Makafar. The
Ship Zelandia arrived from Japan , and brought
Letters from Mr. Cocks, that Mr, Peacock and
the Hollanders were ftain in Cochin China -y and
that Mr. Adams and four other Englijhmen were
gone from thence to Siam.
s h to the East Indies. _
The fourteenth of February , there arrived iSn
^ r F) a u hI Middleton with the Sc.ZZtiian, Caftkton
Thomas , and Thomafm, the Men being well and^—
in good Health. The Captain having been in¬
formed of his Brother’s Death, and the Lofs of
his Ship the Trade' s-Increafe, was perplexed, and
refolved to go home : Wherefore he called a
Council for ordering the Difpatches of the Ships,
and the manning the Hofiander again. It was
then agreed to fend home the Samaritan forth-
1 with, and the Thomas to Sumatra j the Thomafm
for Amboyna , to aflift the Concord ; and the Ho-
fiander for Patane and Japan , in order to vifit
thofe Factories ; which was accordingly put in
Execution.
They fet fail from Bantam the twenty-fecond Thy return
of February. April the thirtieth, they entred the kimiwardl-
Road of Saldanna : Where, befides the James ,
which arrived the Day before, they found the
Advice and Attendant outward bound. The fe-
: venteenth of May , they weighed, and the firft
of June came to St. Helena.
CHAP. XV.
The Voyage of Captain Samuel Caftleton to Priaman in 1612.
Written by JohnTatton, Mafer.
Preamble, H E R E was only one Ship employed in
1 this Voyage, named the Pearl. Captain
George Bathurjl went in her as Lieutenant. But d
neither her Burden nor Number of Men is men¬
tioned. This Ship was not fitted out by the Com¬
pany, on which Occaiion Purchas b acquaints his
Readers in the Margin, that “for theFurther-
“ ing of Marine Knowledge, he had thought fit
“ to add this Voyage Yet he feems to have re¬
trenched the Journal in feveral Parts ; fo that it
comes to us very lame, as we have obferved in
the proper Places.
SECT. I.
They put into Lauratavi in Lancerota. Cape Verd
Road. Signs of being near the Cape of Good
Hope. Saldanna Bay. Priaman Port. If and
Patahan. Nikubar. Seylan, or Ceylon. Bay
of Velagam. Portugueze Treachery.
THE twenty-fecond of Augujl 1612, they
departed from Blackwall for Grave/ end,
but the Winds proved fo contrary, that it was f
the fifth of November before they could reach the
Land’s End of England.
T. he twenty-feventh of November , they fell
with Lancerota , one of the Canary Ifiands ; and Putir.toUi
the third of December , towed into Lauratavi'*™1’
Road, where was a fmall Ship of London. The
fifth, they were driven from thence by foul Wea¬
ther ; and fpent the whole Month about this
Ifland and Tenerif where they took-in fix-
teen Pipes of Wine. The thirty-firft, they met
with the laid London Ship in the Offing , which had
been taken by an Holland Ship of War : But the
Company getting all drunk in the Night, fhe
took the Opportunity and ftole away, although
fhe had but three Men in her. To thefe were
added, out of the Pearl , two Men and a Mer¬
chant, whom they fhould have fet on Shore at
the Grand Canarie ; but the Weather not permit¬
ting, he agreed to go with them for the Ifland of
Palma , where they propofed to get better Provi-
fion. This Day the fmall Ship bore them Com¬
pany.
1 he fifteenth [of January 1612-13] they CaP
Rad,
a 0r> Befi' b Pilgrims, vol. I . /. 328. This Journal contains near four Pages and an half.
anchored
< >e of
Voyages of the Engl
anchored in the Road of Cape Verd , where they
watered, and got Come Oxen. The twenty-full,
they weighed, and went over to Rojijko for Beeves;
and at five o’Clock anchored in the Road in five
Fathom. Note, That there are but eleven Fa¬
thoms over the Bay in an Eaft by North Courfe:
For fo lies Roffko from the Ifle, which makes the
Road at Cape Verd. The twenty-feventh, they
got feven Beeves.
The twenty-third, in the Morning, they de¬
parted from Rcfisko. The twenty-eighth, being
in Latitude fix Degrees thirty-two Minutes, they
met with the. firft Tornado3, which lafted about
two Hours. The twentieth of February , they
crofted the Line, and made their Way South
South-Eaft.
The fifteenth of April 1613, being in the La¬
titude of thirty-two Degrees thirty-nine Minutes,
they fteered-in Eaft South-Eaft, with a South-
Weft Wind ; and met with many great Weeds,
called Trombas by the Portugueoae, and found the
Hope, Water much changed. At five o’Ciock, they
faw the Land between the Eaft South-Eaft, and
Eaft Ncrth-Eaft. They fleered Eaft till feven in
the Morning: Then they were abreaft of Punta de
Sanfta Lucia b, four Leagues off : They founded,
and had forty-three Fathom in rocky Ground.
The fixteenth, at Noon, the Latitude was
thirty-three Degrees, and at five, in the Even¬
ing, they were fhot fo far into the Bay, that they
brought a Ledge of Rocks South South-Weft:
Then they fteered off.
The feventeenth, in the Morning, they were
about feven Leagues from Land, having ad¬
vanced three to the Southward. This Day their
Latitude was thirty-three Degrees. Standing-in
for Shore, at three o’Clock, they were clofe by
the Point in fifteen, fourteen, and thirteen Fa¬
thoms, and had fometimes hard Ground, fome-
times oozy. When they were fhot within the
Point, two Miles from Shore, they had nine Fa¬
thoms, for the mod Part oozy ; where they an¬
chored, on the South-Eaft Side of the Bay, in feven
Fathoms foft Ground, one Point lying North
North- Eaft about feven Leagues oft ; the other,
which they came- in by, North- Weft.
The eighteenth, in the Morning, having fent
their Boat and Skiff on Shore, the Skiff* prefent-
ly returned, and brought News of People, about
twenty of whom came to them. They then fent
her to Land again with an Iron Hoop cut in
Pieces, and fome Hatchets. For a fmall Piece of
Hoop, they had a Calf; and for an Hatchet, an
1 ’-nna
i.
i s h to the East Indies.
a excellent Sheep0; but could find no Water in
any Part of the Bay, excepting a little Puddle,
of which the Natives drank, making Signs, that'
there was none other. Their Boat went a Mile
up a very fine River, in the Bottom of the Bay,
having had fix Foot W ater upon the Bar at Flood,
but the Water was fait. All the Country they
faw feemed very barren.
The nineteenth, at two in the Morning, the
Wind fprang up at North North- Weft, and
blowing right in, they weighed, and flood over
the Bottom of the Bay in ten, nine, eight, and
feven Fathoms. Then the Wind veering to Weft
South-Weft, and Weft by South, they plied it
out, all Night becalmed, three Leagues without
the Point of the Road. The twenty-fecond, at
Noon, they were in the Latitude of thirty-three
Degrees fifty-three Minutes eight Leagues from
Shore, and next Morning, the Table bore South-
Eaft about five Leagues diftant. All Night was
calm. The twenty-fourth, they came into the
Road of Saldanna d : The People defiring nothing
fo much as Copper ; Brafs they regarded not.
The twenty-fourth of Augujl , they departed
from Pr\amane for Tekou ; the former ftands intorr*
thirty-eight Minutes South, and the Variation
there is four Decrees fifty Minutes North- Weft.
The Latitude of Tekou , is twenty-five Minutes
South. There lies three or four Shoals between the
two Places ; but keeping about four Leagues off
Shore, there is no Danger. The thirty-firft, they
ran into a Bay in about eight Minutes North,
called Ayre Rangy e, from a fmall Town a little
to the Southward ; and there (being a Wilder-
nefs) they brought a talfe Keel on their Pinnace.
Rourd the Shoal, going in, you have nine Fa¬
thom wanting a Quarter ; but between it and
the Land is the beft Channel with a Northerly
Wind ; becaufe the Point of the Ifle lies fhoal a
good Cable’s Length off to the Northwards. A-
bout two Miles from Shore, abreaft of the Weftern
Point, that is to the Northward of Ayre Bangye>
lies a Shoal of Rocks, on which there are but
eight or nine Fathoms Water ; but all over be¬
tween that Land and the long Ifle in the Offings
which lies about feven Leagues diftant, you meet
with but twenty-eight and thirty fathoms.
The tenth of September , they got up within jjiavd Pat-
two Miles of Pattahan , the Wind being offtahan.
Shore. The eleventh, in the Morning, they an¬
chored at the South-Weft End of the Ifle of
Pattahan in fourteen Fathoms oozy ; and at two,
in the Afternoon, removed abreaft of the River
3 In Purcbas, Ternado. b It lies a little to the South of Cape St. Martin. 1 This we take
to have been Saldanna, or Saldanha Bay, where, it feems, Provifion continued cheap, although dear at 1 able
Bay. d This Author, or his Collector, feems to have fallen into the fame Error mentioned before m
Captain DountotP s Voyage, p. 390. Note c. c We cannot account for thefe large Skippings , or or
being told of a Ship’s leaving a Place, before we have heard of her Arrival there. But fuch Imperfections are
frequent in Purcbas. "1 *
448
1613.
Caftleton.
Kikubar.
Sic v! an.
Bay of Ve
Voyages of the Engl
of Pailahan in five Fathoms oozy. All this a
Coaft is oozy near the Shore, excepting the
Shoals. This River is very good Water, and
you may go into it fix or feven Foot upon the
Bar : It ftandeth in twenty-eight Minutes North.
The fourteenth, they went from Pattaban ,
with two Governors for their Pilots, for Barons
and Achin , and the fixteenth were a little ftiort
of a big Bland, twenty-live or twenty-fix Leagues
North from thence ; which lay about two Miles
from the Continent, with an high round hum- b
mock Ifle between, and on the South-Side are
two fmall Iflands. It Hands in one Degree forty
Minutes, and on the North- Weft Side is a Tor¬
rent, running down a fteep Cliff, like a little
River, all in a Froth, appearing white a great
Way off, and may be difcerned feven or eight
Leagues off. On the North-Side, there is a fine
Bay, going clofe by which they had thirty Fa¬
thoms oozy. South- Weft, or Weft South- Weft,
about four Leagues from the Bland, lies a Shoal : c
Within the Ifle your Depth is twenty-two Fa¬
thoms, and clofe to the Land twenty Fathoms
all deep oozy, covering both Flookes of your
Anchor.
The laft of Oftober^ they departed from Ni-
kubar 3, where they had good Refrefhing, for the
Ifle of Seyldn ; the Canoes ftill trading fo long as
they were any thing near.
The twelfth of November , at Noon, the Sun
Ihining, they were in five Degrees thirty-five d
Minutes : By which Obfervation the Author
found the Ship in lefs Time than two Days forty
Leagues farther Southerly, than he could judge
by her Sailing. At eight, in the Morning, they
faw the high Land of Punta de Galle in Seylon b
North-Eaft by North twelve Leagues diftant.
Here they found no Ground.
The thirteenth, at Noon, their Latitude was
five Degrees thirty-two Minutes, Variation, at
Night, thirteen Degrees twenty-four Minutes, e
All Night the Wind was little and variable, with
much Rain. Bending their Courfe to the North¬
wards, next Morning, the Land bore Eaft North-
Eaft. The fourteenth, at Noon, their Latitude
was fix Degrees, the Souther Part of Seyldn , call¬
ed Diundr a c, Eaft of them.
The fixteenth, in the Afternoon, the Wind
being Southerly, they went into the Bay, (where
the Boats were before them) called Velagam d,
thinking there to water ; and anchored in feven f
Fathoms fine black Sand, one Point Weft North-
Wefterly ; the other, which they came in by.
ish to the East Indie s.
South South-Weft, Wefterly, and rode within a
Quarter of a Mile from Shore. This Night they Caftleu
fent their Skiff towards Shore with a Flag of1— v
Truce, but none landed ; becaufe the People in¬
formed them by Signs, that they did not under-
ftand Portuguese.
The feventeenth, fending their Boat to the
other Side of the Bay, where there were Portu¬
guese Houfes, the People came towards them ; and
one came into the Water near the Boat, who
fpoke very good Portuguese. He was indeed
drefled like one of the Natives, but they judged
him to be a Portuguese. He anfwered, that no¬
thing could be had till the King was acquainted
therewith ; telling the EngliJlj, in a very obliging
Manner, that next Morning, if they came, they
fhould have an Anfwer from his Majefty : But
foon after, they perceived an Ambufh of the Por-
tugues <?, whereupon they departed.
The twenty-fecond, they fent their long Boat
and Skiff onShore, thinking that they would not
then deny them Water. The Boat was not to
go near the Shore, but to lie off to fuccour the
Skiff, (if Need were) wherein were fix Men.
The People on Shore, keeping themfelvcs clofe,
fent one Man down to tell thofe in the Skiff,
that for Money they might water, they made
Anfwer'; that the Captain was content to give
whatever was demanded : Adding, that they were
bound for Matikaloz, a City of the Illand. Then
he drawing nearer the Skiff, feemed to be afraid,
faying, they had Guns, and would fhoot him
They anfwered, they had none, as indeed they <Trtael,tri
had not, (for the Boat only was armed.) He came
up clofe and talked very friendly, feeming to
yield to any thing : But on a fudden, retiring
from the Skiff, (which lay in the Wafh of the
Shore) there came a furprizing Volley of fmall
Shot, (there could not be fewer than two hun¬
dred) which wounded all the Men, but none mor¬
tally, as it happened. As foon as they had dis¬
charged their Mufkets, they Tallied out of the
Bufhes, fome of them running up to the Neck
in Water to lay hold of the Skiff: But two of
the Men having better Hearts then the reft, row¬
ed her off, while the long Boat, difeharging her
Fowler and fmall Shot, made them retire into
the Bullies again.
The twenty-fourth, they flood to the Eaft-
ward about Diundra , the Southern Point of the
Ifie, and anchored all Night feven Leagues to the
Eaft.
1 Here is another Deficiency, like that mentioned a little before. b In Purcbas, Ceylon ; to ufe the C
for an S in Names ufed by People, who have a different Character as well as Language from ours, is certainly
a great Barbarifm : And as fome Travellers have avoided that Fault, particularly with refpeCt to this Name, we
choofe to follow fuch in writing it. c In Knox' s Map of Seylan, Dondere ; in del JJles, ‘Tannidar.
A Perhaps the fame as Bill/gam, on the South-Side of Seyldn. I Or, Balikala .
SECT,
Voyages of the English to the EastIndies.
SECT. II. '
Come to the River Walla way. Coajl along Sey-
lan. The Inhabitants defer ibed. Turn back a-
gain. Stay at W allaway. Return hosnewards.
ljland dtf covered. Plenty of Refrejhments. St.
Helena Road. The Dutch attack two Portu-
gueze Caraks. Dutch Pice- Admiral blown up.
They purfue their Voyage. The Sea of Grafs, or,
SaragofTo.
Wai- rr\ H E twenty-fixth, they flood Eaftward a-
ivaj. j|^ jong t^e ghorCj ancj at js[00n anchored be¬
fore a River, which the Natives called Walla-
way *, in eight Fathom black oozy Sand. It ap¬
peared very large within, but the Mouth was
barred up : Thofe who went in the Boat thought
it was a Rock that lay a-crofs the Entrance, and
the Sea running high, they returned aboard with¬
out proceeding farther.
The twenty-feventh, at five in the Evening,
they wereabreaftof a Shoal in th zOffing of them,
and being (hot to the Eaftward of it, took in all
Sails, except their Fore-courfe, and flood off to
fpend the Night. The Mafter not liking the Wea¬
ther, called to get-up the new Fore-courfe, but
while that was doing, the other fplit: Upon this,
being four Miles from Land, they lay a-hull, till
nine o’Clock, in thirty-four Fathoms; then (land¬
ing- in towards Shore, at eleven they caft Anchor
half a Mile nearer in thirteen Fathom fine Sand,
the Wind being fallen.
ifl alwg The twenty-eighth, in running about five
jlan. Leagues, they met with another Shoal to Seaward
of them, three Leagues from Shore, which con-
fifted of fandy Hills. Five or fix Miles off, the
Depth was fix or eight Fathoms : At one Caft,
they had but five Fathoms; this was another Shoal,
but it did not appear, the Sea being fmooth. Then
they fell into ten and fifteen Fathoms, and ad¬
vancing (till to the Eaft, came to a Point of
Rocks. There, perceiving a fine River, they an¬
chored on the Eaft-Side of the Point, (which
bore South-Weft by South) in nine Fathoms
black oozy Sand. Here they watered, keeping
a Guard upon the Rock of thirty fmall Shot.
[lvJ* Some of the Natives came to them, feemingmuch
afraid, making Signs of great Friendfliip. Moft
of them had very great Holes in their Ears : O-
thers had their Hair long, and made up with a
Knot upon the Crown, like the Chinefe. They
go all naked, wearing only a Piece of Cloth a-
bout their Middles, which hangs down to their
Knees. Here two came aboard at feveral Times,
who fpake good Portugue ze : They promifed every
449
J bed.
a Thing, but performed nothing. Finding one of 1614.
them to a<5l the Deceiver, (probably fet on by CaftietoV.
others) they detained him aboard, fending theL/'W-J
other, with Threats and Promifes, on Shore to
procure them Vi&uals. This Staying fomewhat
long, put the Prifoner in great Fear ; who feign¬
ing himfelf fick, would fain have gone on Shorn:
But next Day his Confort came with two Calves.
The fourth of December , in the Morning,
they flood to the Eaftward till the Breeze came,
b which was about two o’Clock, and fetched not
the Place by fix Leagues b. They anchored in
ten Fathoms two Miles from Shore, fine black
Sand ; Latitude fix Degrees forty Minutes, Varia¬
tion twelve Degrees forty-fix Minutes North Well¬
ing- Here they rode till the eighth : Then th ey Tun back *-
flood to the Weft ward, and anchored all Nighty/*,
abreaft of a great Hummock. The ninth, they
anchored all Night a little to the Weftward of
the Weftermoft Shoal. The eleventh, in the
c Morning, they flood clofe in by the River Walla-
way : But the Sea being high, they palled on to
the Weftward j and at Night were abreaft of the
Point, that is about five Leagues to the Eaft¬
ward of Diundra. Here they rode till the fix-
teenth, at which Time the Current fetting ftronglv
to the Eaftward, which happened very feldom, they
weighed and plied to the Eaftward. The feven-
teenth, they fetched in a little to the Weftward
of Diundra , abreaft of the two red Cliffs ; and
d anchored in twenty-five Fathoms, the Point Eaft
a little Northerly. Next Day, they broke-up the
Pinnace, being fo Worm-eaten, that the Men
were harraffed with freeing her of Water. Here
they rode, the Wind Eafterly, all this Month
through.
JANUARY the feventh, [1613-4] the Eafter-5^a/W4-
ly Winds c beginning to blow, they bare up for thelaway'
River of Wallaway , where they furnifhed their
Main - Maft with new Shrouds, having very
e much Wind Eafterly. They rode here ten Days
in ten Fathoms, three Quarters of a Mile from '
Shore, the Point lying Eaft, Southerly. The nine¬
teenth, at Midnight, they efpied a Sail, and next
Morning, in lefs then three League’s Chace, took
her. The fame Day, they flood -away North-
Weft out of Sight of Land, and then in again.
The twenty-fourth, they anchored feven Leagues
to the Northward of Punta de Galle. The twen¬
ty-fifth, they began to unload the Prize, riding
f in thirty Fathoms three Miles from the Shore.
The fecond of February , they difmifled her, leav¬
ing aboard near an hundred Tons of Pepper and
Sanders.
The third, they fet fail homewards. At fix Return
wards.
* In Knox s Map, Tf a/tnxe ; and in del I/le's, Welebe, or W alue. b Something is wanting here ; but
the Place meant, feems to be the Wallow ay . c Yet juft before, they are faidto have been Eafterly, all,
or great Part of December .
Vol. I. N° 22r. Mmni o’Clock,
M m m
45°
1 6 14*
Caillcton.
IJhnd difco ■
•vertd.
Plenty of Re
Jrefbments.
Voyages of the Engl
o’ Clock at Night, they were in fourteen Fa- a
thorns, five or fix Miles from the Shore, abreaft
of an Ifland, about fix Leagues to the South¬
ward of the Portugucze Fort, in Seylan, called
C dumbo.
The twentieth of March , their Latitude was
thirteen Degrees fevcn Minutes ; the Variation
twenty- four Degrees twenty-fix Minutes, being
the greateft they had found. They fleered away
South- Weft, and felt no Current. It muft be
obferved, that they met with Currents, and ma¬
ny Ripplings, from South Latitude four Degrees
thirty Minutes, till they came into thirteen De¬
grees no Minutes. Sometimes the Ripplings mak¬
ing a Noife like an Over-fall, efpecially being in
the Parallels o iPedras Brancas , to the Weft ward
of them.
The twenty-fourth, Latitude fixteen Degrees
fifty Minutes ; Variation twenty-three Degrees
ten Minutes: Theyfteered South- Weft. Thetwen-
ty-feventh, in twenty-one Degrees of Latitude, 1
thev faw an Ifland "Weft South- Weft, and South-
Weft by Weft, five Leagues diftant, being very
high Land. At fix o’ Clock at Night, they an¬
chored on the Eaftern Side of it, a Mile from
Shore, in ten Fathoms, fine black Sand ; which
you meet with, from forty Fathoms to four
tathoms, clofe to Land. The Boat being fent
afhore, found infinite Numbers of great Land-
Tortoifes, as big as a Man might well carry,
which were very good Meat. The North-Eaft
Point of this Ifle is very high, and fteep ; and a
little to South-Eaft of the Point, is low Land,
where runs a fine Whter like a River ; and
though a Boat cannot go in, yet it is a very good
Place to water in. At fome Diftance from the
Shore, the Ifle appears like a Foreft ; whence the
Author called it England’s Forejl a ; but others
named it Pearl IJland , from the Ship.
This Ifland was uninhabited ; but abounded
with Land -Fowl, both frnall and large : Doves,
great Parrots, and the like : A huge Bird the Big-
nefs of a Turkey b, very fat, and fo fhort winged,
that they could not fly. T hey are all white, and,
in a Manner, tame, as are all other Fowl, becaufe
they have not been feared with Shot. The Sailors
knocked them down with Sticks and Stones. Fen
Men may take Fowl enough to ferve forty for a
Day. Some of the Company walking up into
the Ifland, found another River, with a Pond
well flocked with Mallards, and wild Geefe ; be-
fides an infinite Number of great Eels, as good,
the Author thought, as any in the World. If
ftruck with a Pike, or any Thing, they would
run not above two or three Yards off, and then
lie ftill again ; fo that they might be eafily taken.
tsh ft East Indies,
Mr. Patton obferving they were bigger than any 1 6 r 4 ,
he had ever feen, weighed one, and found its Caftieton.
Quantity twenty-five Pounds. They are alfo the
fweeteft Fifh, in his Opinion, that can be eaten :
Whence, he concluded, it was as good a Place
as the World could afford for Refrefhing: Nei¬
ther was there any Danger about the Ifland, but
the Shore itfelf.
The firft of April, 1614, they fet Sail, and
doubling the North-Eaft Point, obferved, that
all the North Side of the Ifle was fine low Land,
and full of Trees, affording a more pleafant Pro-
fpecl, than the South Side. The fecond, their
Latitude was twenty Degrees fifty-eight Minutes,
and the Ifle South-Eaft by Eaft, five Leagues off.
By fix, at Night, the South- Weft Point bore
South-Eaft by Eaft; the Variation twenty-two
Degrees forty-eight Minutes.
The firft o f May, they were in thirty-eight
Degrees forty- feven Minutes, which was the
: greateft Latitude they ever raifed to the South¬
ward : Then they fleered away Weft North-
Weft. The eleventh at Noon, 'Latitude thirty-
three Degrees fifty-eight Minutes: The Author,
by this Obfervation, found a Northerly Current,
and that he was to the Weftward of the Cape of
Good Hope.
The firft of June, the Salomon , and fourst. Heler
great Ships of the Hollanders , departed frorn^
the Road of St. Helena c: But within four Hours
1 after they were gone, there came about the Point
two great Caraks, the other Ships ftill being in
Sight. Part of the Pearl’s Company being fick
afhore, the Mafter fent the Boat to Land* for
them, not having above ten Hands aboard. As
many being come as were able, they cut their
Cables in the Haufe, and drove away as faft as
they could. They were in all but twenty- fix Men;
twenty-five, and an Indian , being left behind ;
fome of the foundeft having been up in the Moun-
e tains, when this happened. All the Water Calks,
and feveral other Things, for theUfeof the fick
Men, were alfo left on Shore. They hafted after
the Hollanders , and making Signs for them to
flay, at Night, came up with the Admiral. John
Derickfon Lamb , who commanded, being very
glad of this News, flood back again for the Road,
and made Signals for his Fleet to follow. In the
Morning, his biggeft Ship both of Force and
Burthen, was miffing, with the Salomon of Lon-
f don ; yet he put on with his three Ships, and the
Pearl , which got into the Road the third Day at
Noon.
The Admiral of the Hollanders went-in nrtx9 A Sta-f
and anchored on the Broad-fide of the Admiral’s ‘ trt'
Carak. He veered fo much Cable before he
a The fame called by the Portuguese, Mafcarennas', and, by the French, Bourbon ,
the Giant Bird, common on the Ifland Mauritius .. * Another Deficiency.
b This feems to be
brought
)atch Ship
I Imn up.
Voyages of the Engl
brought up his Ship, that his Stern hung by the
Galleries of the Carak : But with his two Stern-
Pieces, lying very low, and his Quarter-Pieces,
he fo galled her, that he put her from two Pieces
of Ordnance ; and might have funk her, if he
had not been too covetous, aiming to carry both.
Next came the Bantam, and anchored in fuch
Sort, that fhe had her Broad-fide upon the Bow
of the Carak, and fo raked her afore and aft,
that it much cooled the Courage of the Portu-
gueze. Then came up the White Lion , (one Si¬
mons Captain) and laying her thwart the Haufe,
tore her in fuch a Manner, that one might have
feen the Sea wafh into her, between Wind and
Water ; and withal cut her Cables, fo that (he
drove off from the White Lion , and had driven
on Shore, but that fhe was flopped by the Vice-
Admiral’s Cable, which was fattened on Land :
By this Means, the Men had Time to get ano¬
ther Cable and Anchor ready, and fo at length,
brought her up again.
It having been agreed, that all the three Ships
fhould lay her aboard, the White Lion bore-up
again, and coming abreaft with the Vice-Admi¬
ral, let fly her whole Broad-fide, which the Ca¬
rak returned. As fhe veered to get aboard the
Admiral’s Carak, file ftill plied her lower Ord¬
nance upon the Vice- Admiral, when unfortunately
one of her Guns burfting over the Powder Room,
(as fome thought) the hinder Part of the Ship
blew-up all to Pieces ; whereupon fhe inftantly
funk. During the Adion, eleven Englijhmen ,
who came down from the Mountains, were fetch-
I S H to the E A S T I N D I E s. 45 1
a ed aboard, out of the Bay. to the Eaftward of the 1 6 1 1.
Chapel, leaving on Shore fifteen others, including Sa™-
the Indian. In the White Lion , Henry Bacon , and v *
Henry Teddiman , with forty-nine of the Holland¬
ers, were blown up. Derikfon , the Dutch Ge¬
neral, having had two of his Guns difmounted,
with many of his Men killed and hurt, the Pearl
being of fmall Force, thought it beft, after this
Difafter, to give over his Defign, for W ant of
Help, promifing to furnifti the Englijh with
b Water.
The third of June, fetting Sail one after ano¬
ther, and changing a few Shot with the Caraks,
they flood away for England.
The eighteenth of July, in the Morning, they The Sea of
met with many Weeds, and a lmall long Leaf GrJjs-
with white Berries, of the Bignefs of a Corn of
Pepper. The Matter of the Caravel, aboard the
Hollanders , reported, that farther Wefterly, the
Sea is fo thick with thefe kind of Weeds, that
they hinder a Ship’s Way ; that it is called, The
Sea of Grafs3- ; and that he had been in it. The
nineteenth, they patted the Tropic of Cancer.
Latitudes.
Priaman —
_ 0°
33'
Variation North-Weft
— 4
50
Tekou — —
— 0
25
Ayrebangye Bay, about
— o
8
Pattahan River —
— 0
28
Large Ifland —
— I
40
England’s Foreft —
— 21
00
S.
N.
S.
CHAP. XVI.
The Voyage of Captain John Saris to the Red-Sea, the Molukkos, and Japan,
in 1 6 1 1 .
Being the eighth Voyage fet forth by the Eaft India Company.
ColleBed out of the Captains own Journal.
Bottom ; William Adams having been there fome
Years earlier, carried in a Spanijh Ship, round by
the Weftern Courfe. His Remarks, which take
up fifty Pages in Purchas, are generally curious,
and judicious, as well as full of Variety. He had
three Ships under his Command ; the Clove, in
which he went as General, the Lledloi , and the
Thomas.
htnduBhn. HP HIS Extrafl is inferted by Purchas in his
Collection b ; and was, we prefume, made
by him. The Author was Fa£tor at Bantam, in
1608 c, and has given a Continuation of Occur¬
rences there, from the Time Scot left off d. He
went farther Eaftward than any Englijh Naviga¬
tor had gone before ; being the firft of his Nation
who failed to Japan : We mean in an Englijh
on thf Surfaci ‘ Vol. I. p. 334- ‘ s<* P- P' }1>E c T
M mm2 O o
Voyages of the English ^ /^East Indie
S E C T. I. a
s.
1 They fail from the Downs. Madagafkar. TheJJland
Primeiras. Strong Current: Checked. IJJands
de Ang6xa. Moji violent Current. Error of
the Charts. Error occafoncd by Currents. De¬
ceit of the Portugueze Pilots. Directions for
the Channel of Mozambik. Defolate Ifand.
Moyella. The King treated aboard. The In¬
habitants dej crib ed. Coafl a/' Melinda. Strange
rippling Sea. The Ripplings continue. Ufeful b
Directions. Coafl of Magadoxa. Ufe of the
Variation. Cape Dorfui. Cape Guardafui.
Ifand Sokotra. Arrive at Tamarin.
Dow^r^nP HE ei§hteenth of April , 161 1, they failed
JL out of the Downs ; and the fixth of July
following, palled the Line. The firft of Auguf,
they arrived in the Bay of Saldanna 3 : Where
having refrelhed for eight Days, the ninth in the
Morning, they weighed Anchor ; and about four
in the Afternoon, were five Leagues off the Cape c
of Good Hope.
The fecond of September , Latitude twenty- four
Degrees twenty-one Minutes, South : Courfe and
Diftance Eaft by North, Northerly, fix Leagues.
Note , that fince their leaving the Cape, they
found no Monfons of Weft Winds, (as had been
reported) but to the contrary, found North-
Eafterly, South-Eafterly, and Eafterly Winds,
with violent Storms, Rain, Thunder, and Light¬
nings : Yet this Day the \Veather was very fair, d
and fo hot, that it was to be feared, they fhould
have Calms.
The third, Latitude twenty-three Degrees
fifty Minutes South: Way, South by Weft twen¬
ty-three Leagues. About five, Afternoon, they
Madagascar, made the Ifland of Madagafkar , or St. Laurence ,
the Bay of St. Augufine bearing Eaft by North
about fix Leagues off ; and then fteered-away
North North-Eaft, Variation at Sun-fetting, fif¬
teen Degrees eleven Minutes Weft. They found- e
ed, but had no Ground at one hundred Fathom.
The Land not very high, but fandy. Then they
pafled the Tropic oCCapricorn. The tenth of
September , Latitude feventeen Degrees three Mi¬
nutes, Way North-Weft, twelve Leagues : They
fleered North North- Weft; Variation at Sun-rifing,
thirteen Degrees fifty-four Minutes Weft. Here
they found a ftrong Current, fetting South South-
Weft: For thefe laft twenty- four Hours, they
could not have run lefs than twenty-four Leagues,
’ having a itiff Gale: But for the Reafon aforefaid,
Prl- in the Evening, they made the Illand Primeiras ,
bearing Weft by North, about four Leagues dif-
tant.
The eleventh, Latitude feventeen Degrees
aaetras.
thirty-three Minutes : Way South by Eaft, half x$IIt
Eaft fourteen Leagues : The Wind atNorth-Eaft, Saris. '
and North-Eaft by Eaft, a Storm. ' — -v—J
Note , That having ftood but one Watch and
an half to the Ealtward, the Current carried
them thirty Minutes to the Southwards of the La¬
titude they were in, by the laft Obfervation.
Then they ftood-in for the Land North North-
Weft, hoping for a better Wind near the Shore,
with lefs Current ; and fuddenly the Water
changed : But they could find no Ground at an
hundred Fathom. In the Evening, they made
the Land, bearing North, and North by Weft,
about fix Leagues off, which proved to be the
Illand Primeiras : But being to the Northward of
it, it appeared fomewhat longer than before ; for
it bore from the North-Weft to the North off
them. Sounding, they had twenty Fathom, fmall
gliftering Sand ; and next call twenty Fathom black
Ooze, with black Shells. Then they ftood off to
the Eaftward, the Storm continuing, with more
Wind in the Night; and having ran one Glafs,
founded, and had twenty-two Fathom, grey Sand,
and Shells.
The fifteenth. Latitude fixteen Degrees forty- Current
fix Minutes ; they found the Current not fo vio- ebtcktd.
lent ; for they had depreffed the Pole one Degree
twenty-feven Minutes, in twenty-four Hours.
The Reafon they fuppofed to be, that the Illand
Juan de Nueva b, was between them and the
Current, eighteen Leagues diftant, Eaft by North,
by their Reckoning. Variation at Sun-fet, twelve
Degrees eight Minutes, Weft.
The fixteenth, Latitude fixteen Degrees, not
quite nine Minutes ; Way North North-Eaft,
eighteen Leagues : They fleered North-Eaft by
North: Wind South-Weft by South; little Wind,
but a ftrong Current. Variation at Sun-rifing,
thirteen Degrees, not quite three Minutes,
Weft.
The feventeenth, the Ship’s Way North by . .
Weft, eight Leagues ; Variation twelve Degrees Angola,,
one Minute, Weft. In the Morning, they made
the I Hands de Angoxa , to the Southward of Mo¬
zambik, bearing Weft South-Weft, feven Leagues.
The W eftermoft Part of the faid Iflands feemed
whitilh. The Main (or Continent) to the North¬
ward, bore North by Eaft, and was fmooth
Champion Ground. They fleered North-Eaft
by Eaft ; and toward Evening, faw the Land
trending to the Northward, feeming to be full of
Trees towards the Sea. Here the Current fet
North Noxth-Weft ; for they could perceive by
the Land, that they ran very fwift to the North¬
ward; and having little Wind, founded often,
but could not find Ground at an hundred Fathom.
• ll\PU7ia\SoldaiaJ Ih<\ £or*ugueJfnP™™undng Saldanna, Sa/dankia, and the * broad, like the French,
the Reafon why we find this Word fo differently written by our Voyagers. > In pM.(ha)y ’
Thsl
!6ii. The
Voyages
nineteenth,
of the English ^ East Indies
Latitude fifteen
paris. twenty-nine Minutes ; Way South by Eaft, four
't**v"* ■ L1
M violent
C cot,
eagues ; Wind at Eaft South-Eaft ; they fleered
North-Eaft; but by Violence of the Current,
were carried to the Southward : So that they were
here ten Days, and could not get to the North¬
ward ; notwithftanding they had a fair and rea-
fonable fliff Gale.
The twenty-firfl. Latitude fixteen Degrees
twenty Minutes ; Way South by Weft, four
453
Degrees a In the Morning, at Break of Day, (to their great 161 1.
Surprize) they faw Land to the Weftward, bear- Saris,
ing North by Weft five Leagues diftant: Not once
looking that Way for any, but Eaftward for
Juan de Nuevo, which they reckoned could not
be above fix Leagues diftant to the South ; and,
being becalmed, were afraid the Current would
fet them upon it in the Night. When it grew
lighter, they found it to be the Northermoft of
the Angoxa's, they had left on the twenty-firft ;
Leagues; a fmall Wind North-Eaft, and North- b which fo amazed the Marines, that they defpaired
Eaft by Eaft. In the Morning, they were near
the Northermoft of the Iflands de Angoxa , bear¬
ing Weft by North, about three Leagues off.
And to Windward of them, they efpied a very
dangerous Shoal, lying Eaft off the North Part
of the Land, at leaft, three Points into the Sea ;
having a dry Splat of white Sand between it and
the Continent. They founded, and had Ground
at thirty Fathom, being red Stones, like Coral,
with grey Sand, and Shells. They flood-off it,
being a Lee-fhore, and Wefterly Current; and
finding by their Skiff, that the Current fet ex¬
ceedingly ftrong South-Weft by Weft, with very
uncertain Shoaling, thev bore away for St. Lau¬
rence . Thefe Iflands de Angoxa, (which are many)
of getting a Paffage this Way. The Reafon of
this Difference was, (as they fuppofed) by a
Counter-Current; which certainly in the Wane
of the Moon, fet Eaft North-Eaft, and Weft
South-Weft, from the Plajhella , or Point of the
Shore, lying North-Eaft by North off the North¬
ermoft Part of ’Juan de Nueva ; and this meeting
with the North North-Eaft Current, had thus
violently put them over to the Weftwards, not¬
withftanding they had a frefh Gale, and fair
Wind, till the Morning this Day that it fell
calm.
If there be any fuch Ifland as Juan de Nueva , Deceit of tit
(fays Saris ) it lies not fo far to the Weftward as Portugueze,
Daniel's Charts make it, but Hands nearer Mada-
ftood in the Plat a, in fifteen Degrees forty Mi- gaskar , otherw'fe we muft needs have feen it.
f the nutes; but they found them in fixteen Degrees Thofe who made the fourth Voyage in the Afcen-
'• twenty Minutes, South ; Variation thirteen De- fion, reckoned that they paffed to the Eaft wards,
grees, Weft. between b it and St. Laurence , which the Portu-
The twenty-fecond, Latitude feventeen De- j gueze alledged to be impoftible; pretending it lay
grees five Minutes ; Way South South-Eaft,
eighteen Leagues ; Wind North-Eaft ; having
loft thefe twenty- four Hours, forty-five Minutes.
But towards Evening, the Wind coming to the
South-Eaft, and South-Eaft by South, they fleer¬
ed North-Eaft, and North-Eaft by Eaft, and Eaft
North-Eaft, for the Ifland of St. Laurence , look¬
ing out for Juan de Nueva’, which Hugen van
Linfchoten , cautions Marines to beware of, and
not approach it in a fmall Moon. However they
were forced to run the Hazard, in order to get
out of this dangerous Current ; Variation at Sun-
fet, twelve Degrees forty- four Minutes, Weft.
The twenty-third, Latitude fixteen Degrees
twenty-fourMinutes ; Way North-Eaft, twenty-
two Leagues ; Wind at South South-Weft. They
fleered Eaft North-Eaft, to get rid of the Cur¬
rent ; having deprefied the Pole thefe laft twenty-
four Hours, forty-one Minutes. Variation at Sun-
fo near Madagaskar , that there was only a very
narrow Channel, which one of their Ships was
once forced to put through ; but that they never
heard of any other doing the like, either before
or fince. Wherefore the Englijh concluded, that
they placed fuch an Ifland fo far to the Well-
ward, in order to miflead Navigators, and caufe
them to fall into this violent Current; which they
certainly found to fet more Wefterly, than North-
Eaft, and South- Weft.
Wherefore, it is neceflary for all who pafs DireiHomfor
this Way, to be upon the Coaft of St. Lau- tb,lCt“3mel*
rence by the firft of June ; and from Cape St.
Augvjline , till they come into twelve Degrees, to
keep up to the Eaftward, and not to make their
Way to the Weft of the North, or North by
Weft, for Fear of the South-Weft Current:
Which with Calms, and fourteen Degrees two
Minutes Variation Weft, will unavoidably fet
•Srj] by
C« nti.
fetting, thirteen Degrees fixteen Minutes, Weft, f them over upon the Coaft of Sofala ; and this be
The twenty-fourth, Latitude fixteen Degrees
fixteen Minutes ; Way Eaft North-Eaft, ten
Leagues; Wind at South-Weft, and South South-
Eaft, till eight in the Morning; it came then to
the North, and North by Eaft, little Wind.
ing broken Ground, and very deep Water, there
is no flopping to keep your Latitude. Neither on
the other hand, if you would Hand it over for
St. Laurence , fhall you fetch it without great
Danger of running upon the Shoals of India ; if
* Card, or Chart. b In Purebas, of it.
Jones' % Account of this Voyage* inserted before.
This Circumflance is not mentioned either in Ccverte't, or
3
454
161 1.
Saris.
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
you be to the North of tfie Shoals, the Current a the Englijh knew them to be Mohammedan ^ The
taking you on the Broad-fide, efpecially in the King himfelf was apparrelled in a white Cotton
Months of Auvuft and September , when you fhall Coat, aff urban on his Head, and a Guzerat Pin-
. . 0 J - - X, „ .... . 4 1 .1. . L:. U« iij.o Imir
l6l
Saris
Difolate
Ijlai.d.
Moyella.
find very violent North- Weft Winds
The third of Olrlober, they came to an An¬
chor, (after much Trouble by Currents) between
Sofala and Mozambik , in thirteen and fourteen
Fathom : Latitude fixteen Degrees thirty-two
Minutes ; Longitude feventy-fix Degrees ten Mi¬
nutes ; Variation eleven Degrees fifty Minutes
Weft. They anchored under an Illand near
theCoaft, upon wdiich they neither found People,
tado about his Middle : He was of a low Stature,
lean, and nearly as black as the common People,
with a round thin black Beard, and large Eyes :
He w'as a Perfon of very few Words, and could
fpeak a little Arabic , which he had learned in his
Pilgrimage to Mekka , from whence he had the
Name of Sharif c. The Inhabitants choofe Mo¬
ney (whereby the Englijh underftood Ryals of
Eight) rather, than Commodities : But for Crim-
Ltlv V/v7Ctllj tJ j.7 U 1 1 VV 1* ICIi Cl Jvji uvi viiv* l * Q /
nor frefh Water, though they dug very deep in fon broad Cloth, red Scull-caps, Kanibaya Cloths,
_ . - - - . « « 1 1 1/11 1 P _ _ _ J 1. |n rtmrr Un IfQ fl r» t» Hmirin AMO
the Sand. The tenth, they weighed, and ftood
over Eaft by North for St. Laurence , hoping there¬
by to get out of thefe Currents. They were
toiTed to and fro with variable Winds, and
troubled with the Current coming out of the
North-Eaft, till, the twenty-fixth, they came to
anchor under Moyella , one of the Iilands of Ko-
mora , Latitude twelve Degrees thirteen Minutes
South ; where they refreshed themfelves eisrht
and Sword-blades, you may have any Provifions
the Ifland affords, for there is no Merchandize.
He gave the General a Note of Friendfhip under
his Hand d.
The fourth of November , they fet fail fromc^y £
Moyella, and the feventeenth, in the Morning,^,
deferied the Coaft of Melinda ; the Bay or Gulf
called Formofa, bearing North-Weft about four
Leagues diftant. The Land trendeLNorth-Eaft,
Days, procuring Bullocks, Goats, Hens, Lemons, and South- Weft: They had thirtyFathom Water ;
Cocos, Pines, Papanes, Plantains, Pomegranates, the Ground fmall grey Sand and Shells. They
. . 1 t n ■ r\ T ■ 1 ’ T> . n _ I — CSS 1? /i. ...I.L n A! ij- Alla o rw-1 n unrir
(Ibe King
treated a-
icard.
Sugar-canes, Tammarin Hens, Rice, Milk, Roots,
Eggs and Fifh, in Exchange of fmall Haberdafhe-
ry Wares, and fome Money. They had here
kind Ufage, and great Store of frelh Water;
the rather, for that they ftood upon their Guard.
Captain SARIS invited the King of Mo
ftood- off South-Eaft with a ftiff Gale, and a very
great Sea, which fhevved to be Shoal- water, and
found the Current fetting along the Shore North-
Eaft : Latitude two Degrees ten Minutes ; Va¬
riation, at Sun-fetting, twelve Degrees thirty-one
Minutes Weft. ThisLandlay moreEafterly than
The Ir.babi
tatitt.
yella , who was a Mohammedan , aboard the Clove, in the Charts, otherwife they fhould not have fallen
and entertained him with the Sounding of Trum- therewith fo foon ; for by their Reckonings,
pets, and a Concert of Mufic. Of the Banquet, they were at leaft forty-eight Leagues diftant.
that was prepared, he refufed to eat, becaufe it The twenty-ninth, Latitude four Degrees forty-
was their Lent, called Rammadhan ; but he took four Minutes South, Variation feventeen Degrees
away the beft of it for the Queen his Mother ; thirty-four Minutes Weft; being, as they fup-
faying, they would eat it when the Sun was down, pofed, twelve Leagues off the Shoals, called Baxos
The Queen’s Name was Sultana Mannangalla ; de Malhina, Eaft by South, they had a great
the King’s, Sharif Abu bekr a. He requefted the Rippling, and Over-fall of Water, as if it had
Genera f to leave him a Letter, fetting forth the been Shoal - water ; but founding, found no
civil Reception he met with, to fhew thofe who e Ground at an hundred Fathom, their Courfe
might put in there afterward. He had procured
fuch a Letter from Stephen Verhaghm , Admiral of
twelve Holland Ships in the V ear 1604, which
he fhewed the General, who gave him the like : Eaft eight Leagues, and had a furprizing Rip-
However, with this Caution to future Comers, pling of the Water, much like the Fall at London
at the End thereof, that they Ihould not give too Bridge, being out of Sight of Land, and finding
great Credit to the Iflanders, but ftand upon their no Ground at an hundred Fathom : When they
Guard, for that often Weapons continued Peace, ftood-in to the Land, it left them; but bearing
- The Inhabitants here are Negros, with fhort off, (at fifty Leagues Diftance) they found it very
curled Hair, and Pintados about their Middle; fome f terrible. Variation fixteen Degrees fifteen Mi-
wearing white Caps, others Turbans b, by which nutes Weft.
North-Eaft.
THEfirftof December , Latitude three Degrees j/}ra>
forty Minutes South, their Way North North-
a In Purchas, Sarffoo Booboo-carree ; afterwards, Sharefco Boobackar, which comes nearer the true Name.
b In Purchas , Turbands. c In Purchas , Sheriffs ; but Haji is the Title acquired by performing the Pil¬
grimage. Sharif which fignilies Noble, denotes being of Mohammed ’s Pofterity. d This Billet, written
in Arabic , is inferted in Purchas. It contains a Line and half; and underneath is put John Saris , in the fame
Chrarafters. By this Writing, the King’s Name appears to be the fame as we have put it in the Text.
The
6 ii.
Satis.
? Rippling
limes,
ful Di-
H:ni,
Voyages of the Eng
The fixth, Latitude five Degrees five Minutes i
South. From the thirty-firft of November , to
this Day, they had run, by Calculation, South-
Eaft by South feventy-two Leagues, having found
a ftrong Current to the Southward, and the Rip-
plings continuing all along ; and this Day feme-
times more fearful than before ; yet no Ground at
an hundred Fathom. Thefe Ripplings appear like
Shelfs, and are not always equal, being fometimes
more, fometimes le*s ; but occurred often in the
Day, and made aNoife by the Ship’s Side, as if fhe l
ran five Leagues a-watch, when Ihe fcarce went
a-head. The Seamen were much terrified there¬
with, the rather, becaufe they could not imagine
from whence it fhould proceed, feeing no Land ;
but fuppofed themfelves to be amongft the Eafter-
moft Iflands, which lie off the Northermoft Point
of St. Laurence. Here they had Rain, Thunder,
Lightning, and fudden Gufts, which continued
not long.
The tenth. Latitude four Degrees twelve
Minutes, Way Eaft North-Eaft, feven Leagues,
with no Rippling, nor Current Southerly, having
run, fince the fixth, fifty Leagues North-Eaft by
Eaft.
They found continual Calms ever fince they
left the Continent, and the farther off, the lefs
Wind. Variation twenty Degrees fifty-feven Mi¬
nutes Wefterly.
The twenty-fifth. Latitude five Degrees twen¬
ty-five Minutes South, a Month and five Days
before they were in Latitude one Minute North a,
clofe by the Shore ; fo that they had been put
back five Degrees twenty-fix Minutes : Where¬
fore the Captain obferves, that thofe bound to
Sokatora , at thisTime of the Year, muft hold to
the Eaftward of Pemba , two hundred Leagues
Eaft by North, the Variation there increaling
Wefterly, which will bring them the more
Northerly ; and fo keeping the Hland Sokatora
open between the North by Eaft, and North
North-Eaft, they might be able to make the beft
Ufe of thefe Winds; which, near the Main-land,
they found to keep between the Eaft by North,
and North by South, a continual Gale : Rut off
at Sea, about the Iflands Mafcarennas , at North-
Eaft, North ; and fometimes at North-W eft,W eft,
and Weft by South, with Calms, and very ter¬
rible Ripplings of theWater, Thunder and Light¬
ning. And although the North-Eaft and Norther¬
ly Winds are but indifferent Helps, plying to the
Northward, yet this Benefit you fhail have, that
by how much the more Eafterly you are, by fo
much the more you fhail recover to the North¬
ward of the Line, before you meet with the Con-
l i s h to the East Indies.
e
tinent ; which keep out of Sight, if you can, in
this Time of the Eafterly Monfon , till you arrive
in the Latitude of ten Degrees North : Rut in the'
Time of the Wefterly Monfon , keep the Shore
aboard, for it is very bold, but lies much more
Eafterly than in the Charts.
The firft of "January , Latitude three Degrees Cof cf Mi-
fifty-eight Minutes North, they faw the Main?300*3*
of Magadoxa ; Cape das Baxas bearing North
North-Eaft eight Leagues off, the Land low,
fandyand barren all along. TheWind North-Eaft,
and Eaft by North, a ftiff Gale, they flood oft"
to the Eaftward ; Way North by Weft twelve
Leagues.
The fecond, Latitude two Degrees thirty-one
Minutes South ; Way South-Eaft by South thirty -
five Leagues, much Wind, and Current Souther¬
ly : She ran twenty-fix Leagues, by dead Reckon¬
ing, and was carried nine by the Current, con¬
trary to Expectation. The eighteenth, Latitude
fix Degrees twenty-feven Minutes North, Way
North-Weft by North, twenty-four Leagues. A-
bout two o’Clock they made the Land, called
Doara , the South Part bearing Weft; and the
North Part North- Weft by North about eight
Leagues off : It feemed not very high, but fandy
and barren. They flood off with much Wind,
and a Current fetting North-Weft, as they fup¬
pofed ; otherwife they fhould have gotten farther
to the Northward.
Although the Variation keeps little R e-UfeoftBe
gularity, yet they found, by Experience, that anatm*
running to the Eaftward, they had Variation
Wefterly increafing; and handing into the Shore
North-Weft, their Variation was Wefterly de-
creafing : So that, according to the Charts, they
found themfelves much farther off the Land, than
the Truth, which the Variation gave exadt. The
Variation therefore may fafely be depended on.
This will appear to be an undoubted Truth, pro¬
vided the Obfervation be made by one of Expe¬
rience, with an exadt Inftrument. This their fo
often falling in with this Coaft, gained them the
Knowledge of. The Variation, at Sun-rifing,
was feventeen Degrees thirty-fix Minutes Weft ;
and, at Setting, feventeen Degrees twenty Mi¬
nutes- Weft.
The firft of Fcbtucivy 5 they made Cape Dov- Cape Djrfui*
fui, bearing North-Eaft by North about feven
Leagues off; the Land was very high and barren
by the Sea-iide: Their Depth was twenty-feven
and twenty - eight Fathom foft Sand : Many
Gufts. .
The ninth. Latitude ten Degrees thirty-feven
Minutes North ; Way Weft by North fixteen
a This muft have been about the twenty-firft of ’November y fo that, when they fell with the Coaft of Me¬
linda on the feventeenth, they had been driven back. Leagues,
45^ Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
1612. Leagues. They had again Sight of Cape Dorfui, a about the Weftern Point. This Night they came i£t
Sar;'- contrary to their Expe&ation, bearing North * A T ..... *
Weft about nine Leagues off. They found
Cape Guar,
dftt'ui.
JJlaed So-
Jtatora.
nine u . _
ftrong Current in the Offing, fetting Weft North-
Weft, which they dreamed not of, thinking they
had been forty-five or fifty Leagues from Shore.
1 hey founded about five Leagues off, and had
fifty Fathom fine fmall Sand : This is high Land,
and full of Mountains.
The tenth, Latitude eleven Degrees twenty
Minutes North; WayNorth-Eaft by Eaft, Eafter-
lv fixteen Leagues. They had Ground at forty-five
Fathom, fmall black Sand, about eight Leagues
off the high Land of Cape Guardafui, They
made Trial of the Current with the Pinnace, and
found it let North by Eaft. Towards Evening,
they had Sight of the Ifiand Abdal Kuria1, bear¬
ing Eaft North-Eaft about ten Leagues off. It
is very high Land, rifing like two Iflands.
The fourteenth. Latitude eleven Degrees
thirty-two Minutes North, they had Sight of the
Eaftermoft Hermana b, feeming to the Eaftward
low Land about fix Leagues off.
The fifteenth, Latitude eleven Degrees twen- ^ - . - «Fuu, ,*«*,,
t\ -feven Minutes North; \Vay Eaft South-Eaft to acquaint the King what they were, and the
Caule of their coming, and withal to provide
Cattle and frefh Vi&uals. He and thofe, who
went with them, were friendly received, and
feafted by the King, who fent by him a Prefent
of frefh Victuals to the General : Together with a
Saris
to an Anchor one League and an half to the
Weftward of the King’s Town, called Tamma-
rin , in twenty Fathom two Miles from Shore, Cow/° '
in ten Fathom Shoaling after they had Ground, rRarm*
being near the fame fmall white Sand.
The eighteenth, they eaft Anchor in the Road
of Tammarin , right before the King’s Houfe, in
nine Fathom Water, a League from Shore, fine
fandy Ground.
SECT. II.
General Saris lands. Is feajlcd by the King. Con-
jultation aboard , what Place to go to. Ta-
marin Bay deferibed. Bay of Feluk, and Town.
Land of Demeti, and Darfina. S freights of the
Red-Sea. Arrive at Mokha. Mejfage from the
Aga. The General's Anfwer. Prefent from the
Aga. Two fent on Shore. Are received kindly.
The Aga 's Letter. The General lands. Recep¬
tion by the Aga. Form of the Pafs .
TH E General fent Mr. Richard Cockes , Cape- The Gen
Merchant, with the Skiff well appointed, lani>'
fix Leagues, they judged themfelves to be eight
Leagues off the Eaftermoft Irmana : But it proved
to be Abdal Kuria , and the duas Irmanasc, North-
Eaft of them twelve Leagues diftant. Variation,
at Sun-fet, was feventeen Degrees twenty- three _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ^
Minutes Weft In the Night, the Wind came d Letter d left there by Sir Henry Middleton, dated
fair to the South South-Eaft: They lay Eaft with the firft of September 1611, aboard the Trade's -
the Stern, by Help of an Eafterly Current, con- Increafe in Delijha Road. Saris kept the Origi-
trary to the Report of former Navigators. By nal, and fent back a Copy for the Benefit of a f-
Break of Day, they were fix Leagues off the Weft-
moft Hermana , which bore Eaft South-Eaft;
and had Sight of Sokatora ten Leagues diftant.
The fixteenth. Latitude twelve Degrees nine¬
teen Minutes; Variation, atSun-rifing, feventeen
Degrees twenty-two Minutes Weft. They went
about the Weftern Point of Sokatora', and, to¬
wards Evening, had Sight of the white Rock,
which lies off the Weftermoft Point of the Iiland
North- Weft by North four Leagues, ftanding to
the Eaftward, Larboard-tack aboard : The Rock
loomed like a Sail, the Current ftill helped them
to the Eaftward.
ter Comers.
The nineteenth, going all on Shore in great FeajUdl
Form, the King welcomed and feafted them the'6**"*’
whole Night : Many Compliments paffed at taking
Leave. He was richly vefted in Crimfon Velvet,
laced with Gold. His Houfe was built with Free-
ftone, Caftle-like. He had above an hundred At¬
tendants, whereof about fifty were handfomely
dreffed after the Moors f afhon ; the reft were Na¬
tives of the Ifiand. His Name was Soltdn Amor
Ebnfayd c. Son to the King of Kujhin f, upon the
Coaft of Arabia. They paid here for an Ox
twelve Ryals of Eight ; for a Sheep, three Shil-
ry, . . t • , , ^ » jui a oncep, tnree onu-
r feve"teenth» Latitude twelve Degrees lings; and for a Goat, one Ryal of Eight : Al-
forty-feven Minutes North ; Variation, at Sun- though fo dear, yet moil of them were not Man’s
thJ w twe^y-!w° MinutesWeft ; Meat, being fo buggered and abufed by the Peo-
M hv"l!r T a a? S°U^l'Ea?’ a"d So°uth~ f Ple» in fuch a Manner, as was moft loathfome to
CurreJrfrfJncr Tft ffoun? a ftrong when they were opened. Rice was Three-
Current fetting along the Land, after they were pence a Pound ; Dates, Three-pence; Hens,
^flfbrYnki°P “id • h- Thi$ V“er WaS a brief SamAofhs[r Henry
f' 395
f Rather, Kafeset ; by die Portuguese, Caxem
e <$ ultan Amur Benfaid , in Pure has. See before.
Twelve-
Voyages of the English to the East Indies,
r.» Twelve-pence a-piece ; Tobacco, feven hundred a Fathom, where they might have rid
Satis.
(pr^
t'fultation
i ird.
Leaves, a Ryal of Eight ; Eggs, Pence a-piece
The King would take no Money, but Ryals of
Eight,
The twenty-feventh, the General fummon-
ed a Council of the Merchants, to whom he
read the Company’s Memorandum, and Sir Henry
Middleton's Letter. After which, he acquainted
them, that as, on one Hand, they had not met
with Aloes, which the Memorandum gave him
Hopes of, the King having been then wholly un¬
provided, and unable to furnilh any till Augujl
fo they were, on the other Hand, difl'uaded, by the North-fide, they Ihould be put over to the
Sir Henry's Letter, from failing to Aden and Mo~ Arabian Shore, and fo, not without great Diffi-
kha in the Red-Sea , where they were appointed culty, fetch Cape Guardafni. In EffecSl, by Ex-
to go, in cafe the Monfon did not fcrve for Surat: perience, they found it beft to keep the Habajh h
Yet confidering, that if they Ihould wait fix Shore aboard.
Months in Delijha Road for the Monfon , they The fourth, in the Morning, they faw Cape
Ihould find it very chargeable, without any Bufi- Guardafui , eight or nine Leagues off, to the Weft ;
nefs to anfwer it, fince there was no coming up- they fleered in Weft North -Weft: Latitude
on the Coaft of Kambaya till the End of Septan- c twelve Degrees one Minute ; the Cape South by
a Mufket-
fhot off Shore. Further in, they had three, and
three Fathom and an half. It is a bold Shore all
along the Bay, keeping two Cable’s Length off
the Land fair Sand, with a few Stones. A demy
Culverin will reach the Caftle, which is of no
Force. The Latitude of TammarinB&y is twelve
Degrees thirty- five Minutes North ; the Varia¬
tion eighteen Degrees forty-two Minutes Weft,
The King of Sokatora advifed, that in cafe they
went to the Red-Sea , they Ihould ply to the South¬
ward of Abdal Kuria'y for that if they kept on
bit Place
!• ti,
her ; therefore his Opinion was, that notwith-
ftanding thefe bad Tidings From Sir Henry , yet
they Ihould go for Mokha ; becaufe they had with
them the Grand Signor’s Pafs, which former Ships
never had.
He inforced his Opinion by obferving, that
Weft four Leagues off ; no Ground at an hun¬
dred Fathom ; the Land high and frnooth : Va¬
riation, at Sun-rifing, feventeen degrees thirty-
four Minutes Weft. In the Evening, Handing- £*y «/ Fe¬
in along the Shore, to find the Bay of Feluk c, they luk<
had good Ground at twenty-fix, feventeen, and
by this Means they Ihould find what Ufe fuch a eighteen Fathom. Here they refolved to go for
Pafs was really of. He added, that all the while Mokha , and not for Adent becaufe Aden was a
they ought to^ Hand upon their Guard, and not Garifon Town, and of little Trade ; befides other
rilk a Angle Man, without a good Pledge, fo that d Inconveniencies, as Exa&ion of Cuftom, tAc. as
they might ride fecurely, and obtain Trade aboard, appeared by the fixth Voyage. Here they took
although they were allowed none on Shore, their
Force being fufficient to defeat the greateft Power
that Port could fend againft them : That in cafe
he found no Profpeft of Commerce, he intended,
hy Virtue of the King’s Commiflion, to revenge
the Violence done to Sir Henry ; and fo either
force them to take-off their Englifh Commodities,
or fpoil their Skale a and Cuftom, by not permit¬
ting the Indian Ships, which were expeded by
the fifth of March , to enter there. He concluded,
that he the' rather approved of this Courfe, be¬
caufe it did not require the Ships to part Com¬
pany; fo that as foon as th z Monfon Ihould permit, and Water to be had, but not in the Bottom of
they might fail all together to Surat , and be the the Bay. ThePaffage up to the Town is fo large.
good Store of Mullets with their Saine, and other
large excellent Filh with Lines and Hooks. Here
are feveral Sorts of odoriferous Gums ; alfo fine
Mats in great Requeft at Aden, Mokha, and the
Indies: For ordinarily the Indian Ships touch
here, both inward and outward bound, to buy
thofe Commodities; alfo Vidfuals, Sheep, and But¬
ter, which is far cheaper than at Mokha, for daily
Boats go over laden with Victuals to fell at Aden
and Mokha ; but they will take nothing but Linen
in Exchange.
At Feluk Town, there is Plenty of Wood 1}x
imann
>y dt.
'bid.
ftronger to oppofe any Attempt of the Enemy.
The Council having agreed to what the General
propounded, it was determined to keep Company
together, and go for the Red-Sea.
The firft of March, they weighed and fet
fail for the Red-Sea. The Winds, fince they
an Anchor here, were from Morning
that three Ships may pafs abreaft without Danger.
The going in is between the high Hummock,
and the low fandy Point. The Mafters were will¬
ed to fleer from hence Weft by North along the
South Shore to Demeti, and then to Ihape their
Courfe over to Aden.
The ninth, they failed twenty-five Leagues
the Shore about eight
came to
till Night, for the moft Part, at North-Eaft by Weft, keeping along
Eaft, and Eaft North-Eaft ; and at Night, off Leagues off.
the Land between the South and South- Eaft, fair The tenth, in thd Morning, fleering; Weft
and temperate Weather, till they came into four by North, they had Sight of two fmall Iflands,
meti.
a Or, Port.
VOL. h
b In Purchase Abaft.
N’XXIIL
c Or, Filek, commonly called Felix, near Mount Felix.
Nan lying
458 Voyages 5/ Engl
1612. lying about a League off the High-land of Demeti,
Sari*, four Leagues diftant one from the other. They
•‘V“"“'ftood-over for the High-land of Aden, the Cur¬
rent Eafterly ; and, the eleventh, had Sight of
yfoiDarfina.theHigh-land of Darjina,\n Arabia , bearing North
by Eafl, eight Leagues off. Variation at Sun-rifing,
fifteen Degrees two Minutes, Wefl, they had a
ftrong Eafterly Current coming over ; for they
fleered between the North North- Weft, and
North-Weft, and were fo carried totheEaftward,
that the Ship made but a North by Weft Way,
contrary to Expectation : For had they had no
Current, they fhould by courfe have given her a
North-Weft Way, Wefterly. But after they
were fhot-in, within twelve Leagues of the Shore,
they found no Current; the Point, or Head-land
of Aden , breaking it off, as they fuppofed.
The General fent InftruCtions in Writing, to
Captain Towrfon , and Mr. Davis , to be obferved
at their Arrival in the Road of A lokka, for better
Grace of their Proceedings, and guarding the Ships,
as they had to do with fo treacherous a Nation.
The thirteenth, in the Evening, they were
fourteen Leagues to the Eaftward of the Entrance
into the Streights, and to the Weftward of Aden ,
fixteen Leagues. Here they came to an Anchor,
in regard they were not acquainted with the Coaft,
for which Reafon they had kept all Day, within
three or four Leagues off theShore; their Sounding
was from forty, to fifteen, and again to nineteen
Fathom, fandy Ground.
The fourteenth, in the Morning, they weigh¬
ed, Wind at Weft by North, a fmall Gale with
Rain, having had none till this prefent, thefe
four Months. In the Evening, judging them-
felves to be near the Streights, they flood it off
and on with a fhort Sail, keeping their Lead go¬
ing all Night; and coming within eight or nine
Leagues of the Main of Arabia , they flood off
Weft by Squth, and had no Ground at an hun¬
dred Fathom.
The fifteenth, their Courfe Weft by South,
Southerly, fix Leagues. To the Eaftward, they
had Sight of three fmall Iflands, or Hummocks,
bearing North North-Weft, one League and an
half off : The greateft, (which was Eaftermoft)
fhewing as if it had a Caftle upon it. Here was
Sir tight > of a Current fetting from the South-Eaft. About
Red-Sea. Noon, they opened the Streights, having fleered
North North-Eaft; then they flood North, and
North by Eaft, having from thirty, downwards to
nine, and feven Fathom; and when they had
opened, the white Houfe, which Hands on a
fandy Bay, on the Starboard Side of the Entrance,
North-Eaft ; and the Rock, or low Point, on
the fame Side, Eaft North-Eaft: They had fix
and feven Fathom, fine black Sand.
s h to the East I n d i e s.'
Then they fleered North North-Eaft, until 16T
they brought the Rock, or low Point, Eaft, half Saris.
South, then North by Weft ; Latitude twelve l>— i
Degrees fifty-fix Minutes; and keeping this
Courfe, they had feven, fix, fix and a half ; and as
they went into the deeper Water, fourteen, fif¬
teen, and fixteen Fathom, good Ground : They
anchored at Night in fifteen and a half Fathom,
black oozy Ground, diftant from the Arabian
Shore, three Leagues, and from the Habajh Shore
on the other Side, ten Leagues : For the Weather
being clear, they could fee from Side to Side.
The fixteenth, in the Morning, they fleered Ccme tt
North by Weft from Mokha , and had eighteen, Mokhi,
fixteen, fifteen Fathom, about four Leagues off
Shore ; then they flood North and North by Eaft,
and had nine, ten, eight, and feven Fathom :
But finding a Shoal, or Bank, which lies South-
Eaftward of the Town, they failed North North-
Weft, keeping in eight, nine, feven Fathom ;
and edging to the Southward, they had ten, ele¬
ven, ten and a half, till they brought the Town
Eaft by South Southerly of them, and were in
five and a half Fathom. Here they anchored,
the Steeple, or high Church, in Mokha , bearing
Eaft, and one League of the Point to the South¬
ward, South by Eaft, three Leagues off. You
muft bring the high Church Eaft North-Eaft,
Eafterly, before you can be clear of the Shoal
aforefaid. At your coming into the Road it is
l very dangerous ; and here the Trade’ s-Increafe
fluck at leaft twenty-four Hours; but it fhews
itfelf by the Colour of the Water. At their En¬
trance, they had very much Wind at South, and
South South-Eaft, with a great Sea..
Not long after they were at Anchor, the Go- Utffagt j <
vernor fent-off a poor old Slave, in a fmall Canoa, ^* Ags.
to know the Occafion of their Coming. Being
received kindly, he, of his own accord, told the
General, that the Englijh , who had lately been
: there, were not well ufed by Rejib Aga , who,
thereupon was difplaced : But that the prefent
Governor, called Ider Aga , a Grecian by Birth,
was very kind to Strangers, and a great Friend to
Merchants. The General ordered to give the
poor Man two Ryals of Eight, and fent him
back with Anfwer, that they were Englijhmen ,
and Friends to the Grand Signor ; and that upon
his fending a proper Perfon, he would acquaint
him farther with the Caufe of their Coming,
f Prefently after, an Italian Renegado welldreffed,
came aboard with the like Meffage; and to know
whether they had the Grand Signor’s Pafs.
The General told him, he had not only fuch7 VCttr, )
a Pafs, but likewife Letters from the King o f
Great Britain to the Bajhd. The Italian defired
to fee them ; but the General sefufed> in Con¬
tempt,.
Voyages of the Engl
:6i2. tempt, for his having deferted his Religion a : But
Saris, willed him to acquaint the Governor therewith ;
•p/"vJand that in Honour of the faid Pafs, he intended
prefently to fhoot off fifty-one Pieces of Ord¬
nance : The Italian intreated, that he might
firft let his Mafter know thereof; which was
granted ; and the Purfer ordered to give him
five Ryals of Eight, and his Boat one : His Name
was Mojl&fa Tarjiman b. Soon after the Ships
fired, and were anfwered with five Pieces of ex¬
cellent Cannon, from the Town, and fix from
two Galleys : Thefe were ftout Veflels, of twen¬
ty-five Oars on a Side, and well fitted, Yards up.
The Captain’s Name was Mami , and the Name
of the Captain of the Town, Mohammed Bey.
, Preftnt The feventeenth, the General received from
J,i rk, Aga. Hay da r Aga c, a Prefent of three Bullocks, twen¬
ty Hens, two Bafkets of Plantains, and two of
Lemons, with many Compliments, defiring him
to come afhore. The General fent the Governor
in Return, a fine Fowling-piece ; defiring the Mef-
fenger to tell him, that he would land, provided
he had a fufficient Pledge from him for his fafe
Return, for Reafons which could not be unknown
to himfelf. After this, the Governor fent his
Secretary with a Letter to the General, defiring
to know, what Anfwer he had returned by
Mofiafa Tarjiman: For having given him a Bot¬
tle of Wine, after much Intreaty, it feems, he
had made himfelf fo drunk therewith, before he
got to the Governor, that he could not fpeak.
Hereupon, Mr. Cocks, and Bolton their Lin¬
s’*. guift, were fent afhore on the eighteenth, to ac¬
quaint the Governor, that the Defign of the Ge¬
neral’s Coming, was to feek Trade; and that
whenfoever it pleafed him to fend a fufficient
Pledge for his fafe Return, he would pay him a
Vifit: They were alfo to let him underftand,
that the General was not ignorant of the W rongs
done by Rejib Aga to Sir Henry Middleton , and
his Company : But that in cafe now they might
have quiet Trade, all Matters paft fhould be for¬
gotten ; and they would treat with him of fuch
their Bufinefs, as the Grand Signor had given
them Leave, which they hoped fhould be for their
mutual Advantage. The Secretary remained a-
board, Pledge for Mr. Cocks , and Bolton : He eat
of their Victuals, but had it drefied by his own
People.
ish to the East Indie si 459
1 Those who went afhore were feafted ; and 1612.
being veiled in Cloth of Silver, carried up and Saris,
down the Town, with Mufic before them, to
give the People to underftand, how welcome they ffnj'yftve<i
were, as Mr. Cocks underftood it : But at their
coming away, at Night, they were brought
into a Houfe, and difrobed of their Vefts. The
General alked the Secretary, whether it was cuf-
tomary with them to do fo? He anfwered, yes d:
The other replied, that in no other Part of Turky
) the like was done, that ever he heard of. In the
End, the Secretary was difmiffed, and half a
Piece of violet Kerfey given him. He was very
importunate to know, whether the General was
not related to Sir Henry Middleton : The like
was demanded of Mr. Cocks by them afhore,
fearing that he was come to take Revenge ol
them.
The Aga ’s Letter e.
JVritten from his own Mouth.
IG HT worthy , and m much ejleemed Friend , 7^Aga‘»
I have talked with thefe you fent ajhore , and LetUr‘
have received them in the bejl Manner , according to
the Cujloms of the Country , invejling them with
Robes , and conducting them with Mufic ; that the
Inhabitants might fee how you came , and are re¬
ceived, in Amity. If it be your Pleafure to come
ajhore to me to-morrow , I will give you the bejl En¬
tertainment the Place affords, with a true and up¬
right Heart , without Guile or Deceit ; and will
fend you my Secretary, or any other P erf on in Pledge ,
whom you Jhall deem proper, only fending me iVord
by my Interpreter, now aboard your Ship , when you
would have me fend fuch Pledge, and the Hour you
defign to land. I wrote yeferday to f Jaffar Bafha,
and it will be fourteen or fifteen Days , before I fait
have an Anfwer from him. Tet , in the mean Time,
if you pleafe to fend any of your People ajhore , to buy
either frejh Victuals , or any Thing elfe the Country
yields , they Jhall be welcome , as they Jhall alfo to
fell any Thing they pleafe , without the leaf MoleJ-
tation ; and fo expecting your Anfwer , I ceafe :
From Mokha, the twenty-fifth of Moharam, de
1021, de Mohammed,
Dus como bono Amico,
Haydar Aga, Aga de Mokha s.
* He might have overthrown his Affairs by this prepolterous Proceeding, which was the Effect of religious
Malice, not Zeal. b In Purchas, Trudgeman. c In Purchas, Ider Aga ; aftenvarcf, Atdar Aga.
Haydar, is one of the Arabic Terms for a Lion ; and is often found in the Names o. thole defcended nomJ,
d This was the Cuftom there, as obferved before, p. 375. a. * Phis Letter feems to have een in-
ferted into the Relation by Purchas : Who informs us in the Text, that he had feveral Letters of Mami, Captain
of Mokha, or the Galleys there, to the General : But that to avoid Prolixity, and becaule in Subftance like the
former, he had omitted. He has alfo inferted Figures of three Seals, by Way of Novelty, whole Impreffions were
not made on Wax, but on the Paper with Ink. He has likewife added a Piece of a Letter, about two Lines, , in
the Bannian Character, and Language, (common in great Part of the Indies Y written by the Shah Bandar of Mokha,
to Captain Saris. ' Jefer, in Purchas. * In thq fame Author, Aidar Aga, Aga of Mucha
N n n 2 LHE
460
l6l2.
Saris.
“Jiit General
lands.
deception by
&&e Aga.
Itormef the
.fafs.
V o y ages of the Engl
The twentieth, the Governor fent aboard
Mohammed Aga (Admiral of the Shore, and Com-
'mander of the Road, for the Cuftom and An¬
chorage a) and Nafuf, a grave old Man, wkh
two Attendants, to remain Pledges for the Ge¬
neral. So he went alhoce with all the Merchants;
the three Skiffs well fet out, and had fifty-one
Guns fired at parting. He was received at the
Landing-place, by the Captain of the Galleys,
and divers other principal Officers; who conduc¬
ted him through prodigious Crouds of the People,
with Drums, and other mufical Inftruments play¬
ing before, and the Guns at the Caftle firing
feveral Times. Having paffed two Guards, who
were very proper Men well accoutred, they were
brought to the Governor’s Houfe, which is built
with Freeftone, with a very fair and large Stair-
cafe ; and were led into a Room fpread with, rich
Carpets. At the Upper-end thereof, was a Com-
pafs Window, made in the Englijh Fafhion :
Where a Silk Quilt being fpread upon the Floor,
and two Cufhions of Cloth of Silver laid thereon,
they were requefted to fit down But prefently,
the Governor came out of another Chamber, ac¬
companied* with five or fix Perfon^in rich Attire,
fiimfelf being dreffed in a Gown of Cloth of
Silver, faced with rich Fur. He took the Gene¬
ral by the Hand, kifled his own, and. put it to
his Head; Then leading him by the Hand to the
Window,- they fatedown and after fome Com¬
pliments, the General delivered him the King’s
Letter, which Mr. Cocks read ; Bolton the Lin-
guift, interpreting to the Captain of the Galleys,
and he to the Aga ; which Method was, obferved
for State. After this, he delivered him the Grand
Signor’s Pafs, which he gave the Secretary to read j
then taking it, kifled, and laid it on his Head,
Without farther Ceremony b.
The Great T urk’x Pafs.
<u y-jr^Q you my moft worthy, fortunate,
« £ wealthy, and great Vice-Roys, and Beg¬
at- lerbeys, who are on the Way, (both by Sea
<¥ and Land) from my moft happy and imperial
Throne, to the Confines of the Eajl Indies ;
ft being Poffeffors of fome Part of Dignity, and
« to whom it belongeth to give Aid, and Suc-
cour, in the Caufe of God, and the MuJfuU
« man Religion, at the imperial Nod ; the Wealth
«* and Greatnefs of whom, may they conti-
“ nue for ever. Likewife to you my moft
“ worthy and valiant Sanjdk - Beys, fubordi-
84 nate to the faid Beglerbeys, the Owners,
tt-
i s h to the East Indies*
a “ and Expectors of future great Dignifies, and j g-j
44 to whom belongeth dutiful Aid and Affiftance, Fioti
“ in the Caufe of God, and Religion, at their L/V
“ Emperor’s Dirc£lion : May whofe Honour and
« Dignity, for ever remain. And unto ye my
« moft worthy, wife, and prudent Juftices of
“ the Peace, Judges, and Minifters of Juftice,
“ who are within the Precindts of the faid San-
“ j a k- Beys , whofe Juftice, Judgments, and
44 Words, do How as from a Fountain of all Wif-
b “ dom, and Prudence ; the Worthinefs, and
« Greatnefs, of whofe Dignity and Fundlion,
44 let it continue for ever. Alfo unto ye my re-
44 nowned, great, and moft worthy Captains,.
“ and Reys, of all our Navies and Shipping,.
« that fwim upon the Face of the Sea : Unto ye
“ my worthy Captains of the Caftles,. Cities;.
“ and Towns : And unto ye worthy Officers
“ of our Cuftoms, dwelling upon the Sea-Coaft,
“ upon Rivers, Bridges, and all other Parts of
c 44 our Dominions, and Countries thereunto be-
44 longing, upon Sight of this, my moft high
and imperial Commandment, in Conformity
to your moft bounden Duties, ye (hall arife,-
“ and do Obeifance and Reverence thereunto.
“ Hereby ye fhall underftand, that the Am-
* Sr balfador of the King of Great Britain , now
“ refiding in our happy and moft high Port,
“ hath made known, to us,, by his Supplication,
“ as follows: That,, forafmuch as fome of the
d 4fc King of Great Britain's Subje&s* have with
44 great Charge and Labour, difeovered a Trade
44 in the Eajl Indies ; and being withal informed,
44 that there are great Riches, and Likelihood of
“ Commerce in fome Part of our Dominions,
44i in their. Paflage thither* are defirous to vifit
44 thofe Places, for the Enlargement of their faid
“ Trade : Therefore, to the End, that fuch
44 Men may, in fo good and laudable Enter-
44 prizes, have all Favour, and Affiftance, (fo far
© 44 as lawfully, and conveniently may be granted)
44 the faid Ambaflador hath requefted us, .in the
44 Name of his faid Mafter the King of Great
44 Britain , to vouchfafe them our fa fe Conduit
44 and Recommendations. In Conformity to
44 which. Requeft, as alfo in Regard, we, and
44 our Predeceflors, are, and have been,, for the
44 Space of many Years, in ftridl League, and
44 Amity, with the before-mentioned King of7
44 Great Britain , and the Subjects of that King-
f 44 dom, who long have had, and at this prefent r
44 have, free Traffic, and Liberty of' Merchant
44 dizing in our Dominions, and Provinces.
44 through the Mediterranean Seas. -We .there-
a This kerns to have been th al Bahr, or Lord of the Sea, mentioned before, p. 363 . e. b- Pitrchas ,
Who had the Original, has inferred a little of the Beginning, with the Figure of the Grand Signor’s Seal, cut m
Wood, only fomewhat contrafted, to bring it within the Page.. All the larger Strokes, or Lines, in the original
Imjreffion, were Gold,, the reft Azure, with Red here and there, beautifully intermixed-
u
44
44
C(
44
C4
V OTA g E 3 of the Engl
<c fore do ftri£tly command, and charge, all, 3
Saris. ({ and every of you, our above-mentioned Sub-
* 44 je&s, and Officers, not only kindly, and cour-
« teoufly, to entertain, and receive the faid Mer¬
chants, and Subjects of Great Britain , coming,
or paffing through, or by, any of our Domi¬
nions efpecially with a View to trade, to the
4< Territories- of Yaman , Aden , and Mokha, and
44 the Parts adjoining) by affifting and relieving
“ them with all Things neceflary for themfcl-ves,
their Men, and Ships: But alfo freely to per- 1
mit them by Land, or by Sea, to go, or fail,
both outward, and returning, as their Occa-
« fions fhall require; and to remain in any of our
44 Dominions, Countries, or Cities, granting
“ them all reafonable Liberty of Traffic, and
4t Privileges, without giving or fuffering any Lett,
“ or Hinderance, Injury, or Moleftation, to be
«« offered or done unto them. Moreover, ye
“ {hall yield unto them fuch Offices of Benevo-
44 lence and Humanity, as {hall be meet and
** convenient to be- yielded unto honeft Men,
44 and Strangers, undertaking fo long and pain-
44 ful a Voyage. And if we {hall underftand,
44 that, contrary to the Capitulations, the Amity
44 and League, which is between us and the King
44 of Great Britain , ye do offer them the leaft
•* Wrong, or any Way moleft and trouble the
44 faid Merchants in their Traffic,, or otherwife :
44 Know ye,, for certain, that ye fhall not only
44 incur our high Difpleafure, but fhall be pu-
44 nilhed for Examples unto others : Therefore,
44 carry yourfelves conformable to this our impe*
44 rial Command, and give Credit to this our
44 imperial Enfign. Whitten at our Manfion
44 Guard at ConjlantinopU , on the fifteenth Day
44 of the Moon, called Zulhajjeh, in the Yea?
44 1019.
SECT. III.
The Aga’r Anfwer. He treats the General . Ce¬
remony of Perfuming ; and riding, about the Town.
Prefent fent to the Aga. Deceit of the Turks.
Caution given the Generah Free Trade promt-
fed. Sir Henry Middleton at the Bab. Two
jeYoas flopped. Weights at Mokha. The 1 urks
alarmed. The General fails to the Bab. Re¬
vives to join Sir Henry. Articles between them »
Returns to Mokha. Amufed with Shews of
Trade. Goes over to Affab. Indian Ships mea-
fured The Balha writes to Sir Henry. The
burlefque Pomp of the King 0/Rahayta.
ish to the East Indies.
46 *<
TH E Governor taking a Copy thereof, re- 1612,
turned it again ; and told the General, Sarll^,
that he was welcome; defiring, that v/hat had ^ Aga’T
formerly paffed, in refpett to Sir Henry Middle-
ton, might not be remembered, fince the Quar¬
rel was occafioned by two drunken Men ; and
was by the then Governor, unadvifedly carried
on ; for which he was difplaced five Months be¬
fore. He faid, with regard to Trade, that he
could not permit any great Matter, till he had
0 Directions from his Mafter Jafar Bajha b, of
Sinan c, (to whom he had written) which he
expeCted in ten or twelve Days ; earneftly entreat¬
ing, that he would let his People come afhore, to
buy what they wanted, and fell fmall Matters *
To the End, that the Natives might fee they were
in Peace and Amity together ; and that what W2S
pa ft, was forgotten. This Behaviour of the Go¬
vernor’s, (as the General conceived) was owing
to the Apprebenfions of lofing their Perquifites for
c Want of Trade in the Port : To keep the Com¬
mand of which, and to hinder any other Ship from -
coming in, was the Reafon of1 his riding fo near
the Shore ; by which Means he could alfo fafely
venture his Skiff and People there, • to fetch Is e-
cellar ies
The Governor entertained" them very fplen- '
didly at Dinner, with all Sorts of wild Fowl*
Hens, Goats, Mutton, Cream, Cuftards, feveral
Made-difhes, and Confeaions; all ferved in Vef-
d fels of Tin, (different from Englijh Pewter) and -
made Goblet Falhion, with Feet. The Diflies '
were placed one upon another, rifinga Yard high*
and each eafily come at without Remove. The
Meat was all ferved up at once, before they fat
down. Their Drink was Water fimply, or boil- -
ed with an Herb, called Cauhaw d, which has a
bitterifh Tafte. They fat crofs-legged upon Car- •
pets laid on the Floor, without either Tables or
Stools. r .
e Dinner ended, he led the General into an
inner Chamber, where he had four little Boys,
his Catamites, who attended him. I here ■
they two being feated upon a crimfon >Vel
vet Carpet (the reft of the Chamber- floor be¬
ing alfo fpread with very rich Carpets) one of the
Bffys, with a Napkin in his Hand, ulhered in two
of the others ; the firft carrying a Silver Chafing-
difti with Coals, the other, a Difti with Amber-
greafe. Lignum Aloes, and other rich Per-
f fumes. The General, at the Governor s Requeft, •
let one Boy cover his Head clofe with the Napkin ;
while the other held the Chafing-difti, with the
1 This Year oflth e Hejrab, correfponds wkh that ^^rf, i6lo,^and Began the more trul}f#
‘ Here the. Name is truly written for the firft Time mPurcbas. ^jewnere, But perhaps, ■
Sanaa. d It fhould be Kainwah, that is, Coffee ; which every body knows xszteny u P ^ .
it was made of the Hulk, which (the French fay) is- more delicious, and never exerted, >
/ Arabia Heureufe , pr 243. Sc feqq..
462 Vo Y A G E s of the Engli
1612. Perfumes in it underneath, that he might receive i
Satis, the Fume, which was very grateful. After him,
the Governor, and two of his chief Officers, then
in waiting, were perfumed in like Manner. This,
it feems, is a Ceremony much in Ufe among
them.
Having conferred a-while together, three of
the Boys came in again : One brought a Veft, or
Gown, of Cloth of Gold, wrapped up in a Cafe
of Taffaty, dyed in Saffron, to preferve the Co¬
lour of the Gold ; the other Boy had a Safh, or 1
Turban, ftriped all with Gold, twenty-two Yards
long : The third, a Damafkeen, or Turkijh Sword,
richly garnifhed with Silver, and gilt both Hilt
and Scabbard. The Governor himfelf put the
Veft upon the General, and girt the Damafkeen
to his Side, telling him, that they were not Pre-
fents from himfelf, but commanded by the Grand
Signor, who (as he faid) beftowed them, and in-
And riding treated him to ride with the Kadh't , (who is chief
f°frthe Juftice there) and the Captain of the Galleys, (
about the Town, that the People might take No¬
tice of the Amity and Friendfhip betwixt them :
Upon which, they brought a Horfe with rich
Furniture, the Mettle-Work of the Bridle being
all Silver : But he rather chofe to go on Foot, that
he might have the better View of the Town : To
which they confenting, all three walked together.
Having, in the W ay, viewed a Houfe for fettling
a Fadtory, he was brought to the Captain of the
Galleys Houfe, where he had a fumptuous En- ,
tertainment. After this, he returned to the Go¬
vernor’s, who met them upon the Stairs: Where,
having again earneftly intreated, that the Incivi¬
lity offered Sir Henry might be forgotten, and that
he would fhew it by his often coming or fending
his People afhore, they took their Leave of each
other; and fo accompanied with a great Train of
the chief People of the Town, he returned a-
board, the Ship difcharging fifteen Guns. The
Turks, who remained Pledges, having had divers <
Prefents given them, were fent afhore, and had
fifteen Guns fired at parting.
APnftnt The twenty-firft, the General fent Mr. Cocks
jtnt to the and others afhore with a Cafe of Bottles of Rofa
ga* Solis , which the Governor had earneftly defired
of the General, and to fend it fo wrapped up,
that it might not be known ; with it were like-
wife fent, two Veils of Violet broad Cloths for
his Eunuchs. They had Directions to inquire
into the Cuftoms due both in and out of the Port ;
the Weights and Meafures, Valuations of Coins,
Prices of Indicos, Calicos, Cotton-Yarn, and
other Commodities fit for them to lade with :
Likewife to get the Jew to come aboard, who
was in the Afcenfm when fhe was call away near
s h to the East Indies.
1 the Bar of Surat ; and could give them certain 1612
Intelligence of Sir Henry s Succefs. sari*.
This Road of Mokha is very open and dan-'— «v*
gerous, efpecially in Wefterly Winds, being very
fhoal Water a Mile off the Town, and low Land
even with the Sea : But the Inhabitants fay, that
at the End of May , when thofe Winds come-on,
the extreme Heat, deadens the Wind, which
maketh that Seafon very fickly.
The thirty-firft, the General underftood from £<*</<«/ <
> the Captain of the Town, that the Me^^engerTur,M,
from the Grand Bajha arrived late the Night be¬
fore, with Letters to the Governeor to this Ef¬
fect : That he fhould grant them quietTrade, both
afhore, and with the Indian Ships, as he would
anfwer the contrary at his Peril ; and likewife
let them furnifh themfelves with what they want¬
ed. The General was doubtful of the Certainty
of this pleafing News, fince, not half an Hour
before, Mr. Cocks was with the Governor, who
: fpake of no fuch Matter. The Captain faid, the
Reafon was, becaufe there was a Jelba here bound
for Mekka , and ready to depart, which he would
not have known of it, leaft they fhould acquaint
the Sharif of Mekka therewith ; who, writing
to the Grand Signor, might get the Grant re¬
voked : But AJhraf a (one who had privately con- ‘fbe Gan
veyed a Letter of Mr. Femel’s , concerning theirwtff'w</*
treacherous Ufage here) fent Word by the Lin-
guift, that the General fhould beware of coming
1 afhore himfelf, unlefs he had good Pledges as for¬
merly, otherwife not to truft them, though the
Governor fhould fwear upon his Alcoran j for
they were Soldiers, and did not much regard
Oaths: Moreover, that he heard the News from
the Bajha was no Ways to their Advantage, for
the Copy of the Grand Signor’s Pafs was not then
come to the Bajha" s Hands ; which, however,
would be within fix Days, when all would be
cleared up. The fecond of April 1612, the Ka-
rawan arrived from Grand Kairo in Egypt .
The third, two Indian Ships came into the
Road, one of Chaul , the other of Kananor, laden
with Indigo and Calicos, Pintados, Amber-greafe,
and Cotton- Yarn, befides, at leaft, four hundred
Paffengers, who brought much Riches with them.
The Englijh faluted them with nine Guns: They
anfwered with three Chambers a-piece, being all
they had. The General fent the Skiff to inquire
what News upon the Coaft of Surat , but the
Captain could only inform him of three Englijh Fru Tmt
Ships that were trading there. The Captain o {fr9mItd'
the Town, with five chief Janizaries, came a-
board from the Governor, to acquaint the Gene¬
ral, that the Bajha had written to him to ufe
them kindly, and permit them free Trade 3 de¬
firing
f In Turchas , Hoforoofg.
3
Voyages of the Engli
6 12. firing the General to come afhore next Morning, i
Saiis. and he fhould know the Particulars : But he ex-
W—*cufed himfelf, not forgetting Ajhraf' s Advice.
However* the Captain was defired to tell the
Governor, that the General, upon good Pledges,
would, next Morning, fend his Brother to him.
After this, the Captain and his Retinue were
treated, and fent afhore with feveral Prefents,
and twenty-one Guns at parting; which, he fent
Word, he took fo well, that they fhould not want
the befl Affiflance he could give them. b
The fourth, in the Morning, being defirous
to fee what the Bajha had ordered. Captain Towr -
Jon , at his own Requefl, was fent afhore, though
the Pledges did not come: For they held the two
Indian Ships, which rode hard by them, as fuffi-
cient Security for him. The Governor ufed him
friendly, and gave him a Veft ; but nothing was
done in the Bufinefs went about, the Turks not
performing their Promife. The Governor fent
Word, that it would be proper to fend two of i
their principal Men up to the Bajha , with the
King’s Letter and Prefent ; faying, that then
their Bufinefs would be difpatched to their Liking.
This the General approved of, intending, next
Day, to lay-out a Prefent for the Bajha.
The fifth, the Captain of the Galleys fent
aboard three Letters, which came laft Night to
S Henry the Governor’s Hands, from Sir Henry Middle -
?idieton ton, and Captain Sbarpey , who rode then at Bab
*r Bab* almandel. The Purport whereof was, that he
was come from Surat , and had little or no Trade
there : That Captain Hawkins , upon Diflafle, was
come from Agra , and with his Wife was aboard
his Ship That he brought all away from thence,
except one Man of Captain Hawkins , who went
over Land for England ; and that he 'was come
back to be revenged of the Turks , defiring the
General to get his Goods and People aboard with
all Speed. Hereupon he altered his Defigns, and
forthwith fent one of the Merchants to Sir Henry
with a Letter, giving an Account of his Voyage
fo far, and the Manner of his Entertainment at
Mokha : Adding, that but for his Letters, he
Ihould have fent two of his Company up to Sinan
on Monday. >
The two Indian Ships above-mentioned land¬
ed here flxty Quintals of Lignum Aloes ; Indico,
fix hundred Churles out of both Ships ; Safhes of
all Sorts great Store; Cinnamon of Seylan , one
hundred and fifty Bahars, each Bahar three
Churles and an half : Alfo Osfar, which is a red
dye; Cloves and Baftas, or white Calicos, from
twenty to forty Ryals the Gorge, (a Gorge be¬
ing twenty Pieces) of each a great Quantity. The
Price of Indico was from thirty to thirty-five,
forty and fifty Ryals the Churle. .
sh to the East Indies* 463,
The feventh, the General wrote to the Cap- 1612.
tain of the Town, defiring him to procure the Sajis.
Indian Merchants to barter with him, at reafona- ’v—
ble Rates, for fuch a Quantity of the Commodi¬
ties he liked, aswould lade one of his Ships. This
(he faid) would fatisfy Sir Henry cf their good
Intentions, and caufe him to forbear all Hoftili-
ties. At this Time a great Rumour was fpread in Two jeibar;
the Town, of Sir Henry' s having taken a Jelba o\Mhed>
two, (coming, over from the Habajh Side with
Vidluals) on which Account they durfl fcarce
venture their Skiff and Gang afhore.
The General received another Letter from*
Captain Mami , fignifying, that the Anfiwer,
which the Governor had received from the Ba -
Jha , was in thefe Terms : Haydar Agar , you have
written me Word, that three Englijh Ships are
come, with the Grand Signor’s Pafs, to Mokha to<
trade. My Pleafure is, that you give them my
faithful Promife of Safety, if they pleafe to come
afhore, and take a Houfe for the Monfon to traffic
in. You have likewife written, that they will'
fend up two Men hither : Give them all Things
proper for their Journey, &c.
Captain MAMI farther wrote, that what
the General fhould propofe, the Aga and he would
underwrite : That as for Bartering, they would
do fomething for Love, but nothing by Force ;
and were as willing to lade all the three Ships as
one.
They were informed, that the Weight here Wtigltmv
ufed, is called an Inen , which is two Rottalas;
Rottala being a Pound of their Weight : Ten
hens , or twenty Pound of theirs, make twenty-
three Pound Englijh Avordupois, fometimes twen¬
ty-four, as the Weigher will befriend you. A
Churle of Indico, by their Weight, is an hun¬
dred and fifty Pound, and of Englijh , betwixt an
hundred and fixty-fix, and an hundred and fe-
venty. Cotton is fold by the Bahar,, (which is
three hundred Rottalas, making betwixt three
hundred thirty-two, and three hundred forty-
four Pound Englijh) at eighteen RyjalS the Bahar,.
very good and clean. Their Meafure of Length
is called a Pik a, containing twenty- feven Inches,
or three Quarters of a Yard Englijh, i. e. a
Flemijh Ell.
The ninth, the Governor fent off a Canoa, The Turk*
to entreat the General to fend afliore in the Morn- alarmed,
ing, and he fhould have both the Bajha' s An-
fwer, and a Warrant to flop all fuch Janks as
fhould pafs Sir Henry, and force them to come
in hither, and trade with them for fuch of their
Goods as he defired, &c. and that he would Puf¬
fer his People to come afhore, becaufe the Mer¬
chants were now grown fearful, by Reafon of
Sir Henry's flopping fome of their Ship3. Ths
* In Pure ha /, . Peeke.
tenths ,
Voyages of the English to tie East I n d i
e §:
t^nth Mr C^rwas fent afhore, and had a Con- a put off their Broad -cloth, Lead, Tin, Iron, arid 1612;
tenth, Mr. i . TFUnVinn^ Teeth. ('Commodities which were pro- Sam.
ference with the Governor, and Captain Afami ;
who told him plainly, that what they had for¬
merly promifed, was not in their Power to 'per¬
form, without hazarding their Lives, the Kadbt
difapproving thereof : T hat neither Merchant nor
Broker would go aboard, (as the General had re-
quefted) the Knight had fo offended them : That
the Factors from Grand Kairo, (who were fettled
there purpofely to engrofs Indicos, and other In -
\ nr\ru> till thPV 1aW
Elephants Teeth, (Commodities which were pro¬
vided for thofe Parts) in barter for fuch as he
knew would vend well in thofe Countries, . to
which they were afterwards bound ; obferving
alfo, that if in cafe they met with Indicos, they
would be good for England. He added, that he
had certain Intelligence of two very great Ships
daily expedled, called the Rebtni a and HaJJani ,
the leaft of them (by Report) able to lade the
\vouMbuy none, till they faw b HeOor with likable Commodities : This Propo-
*tan Commodities) wou y > r f2pripr;,i having been unammoufly ap-
what Quantity would come in : That the Ban -
.nians, (or Indian Liegers afhore) who had Indi¬
cos in their Hands, would not fell, expelling a
Scarcity. Mr. Coch alfo brought Word, that
-they refufed afhore to buy any of the tnglijb
Goods, unlefs they were firft landed. >
The Grand Signor’s Cuftom of this Port
Mokha , was then worth (as the Governor told Mr.
Cocks) fifteen hundred thoufand Chekins a Year;
which, at five Shillings a-piece, is thirty-feven
rthoufand five hundred Pounds Sterling.
•The Gtneral Tk e eleventh, the General having called a
jzUstotbe Council of the Merchants, to confult what was
beft to be done, feeing Sir Henry kept the Junks
from coming in, and that there was no farther
Hope of Trade ; here it was agreed, that till
the Monfon permitted them to proceed elfewhere,
vthey fhould continue in Friendfhip with the
Town, as hitherto they had done, &c.
fal of the General having been unanimoufly ap¬
proved of, it wras agreed to put the fame in Pracr
tice the firft fair Wind.
The General went aboard the Trade, where, Arut’ab
at length, it was concluded, that both Fleets
fhould join to flop the Indian Ships, and barter
with them as aforefaid ; That Sir Henry fhould
difpofe of two thirds of the Goods, which fhould
be taken in Exchange from that Day forward,
and General Saris the other third : And that the
Grand Signor fhould be paid his Cuftom. To
this Effea, Writings were drawn and executed. .
The Hefior and Thomas were appointed to ply on
the Station already mentioned, with Charge, that
no Man fhould take the Value of a Penny out of
any Ship they fhould flop, or offer the leaft Vio¬
lence to any Perfon on board, £sV.
The eighteenth, in the Evening, a Ship of
1 ri a Cigu1cc11v.1i) 1*1 -i-# * w****.^, — r
Kananor arrived, laden with Spice, Drugs, and 0
. . • m » 1 _ r *1 ru-
The
twelkh^theGeneral being informed of d other Commodities. The General fe.ting fail for
tweutn, ine wciicia 6 _ at Smith, and South bv
Sir Henry s earneft Defire to fpeak with, as well
as of the Kindnefs and Affedion he expreffed for,
him, ordered the Mafter, with the firft fair W ind,
-to fet fail for Bab Almandel , of which he gave
Notice to the Governor of the Town ; and the
better to continue Friendfhip with him, took a
Letter from him to Sir Henry.
The fourteenth, in the Morning, they ar¬
rived at the Bdb, where they found the Erode ’s-
Jncreafe , and four Indian Junks, or Ships. 1 he
General went aboard the Trade , where he ftaid
till Night, but. nothing at that Time was con¬
cluded on.
ftefelvitojcip Next Day, Sir Henry went aboard the Clove.,
the General being made acquainted with Sir
Henry’s Refolution, and on the fixteenth called a
Council, and acquainted them with what he had ob-
ferved thereupon ; which was, that fince by Means
of thefe Brangles, betwixt Sir Henry , the Turks ,
and the Kambayans , they had no more Hopes of
Trade at Surat , than at Mokha, their beft Courfe
would be, to let the Hedor and Thomas ply be¬
tween Aden and the Bab, w’hile the Clove fhould
keep the Habajh Channel, to prevent the Indian
Ships from palling by in the Night: That thus
flopping all they fhould meet with, they fhould
Mokha , with the Wind at South, and South by
Eaft, a ftiff Gale, arrived there in five Hours.
The Governor prefently fent on board, requeft-
ing, that their Linguift might be lent afhore, to
acquaint him how Alatters flood at the Baby
which was accordingly done. The twentieth,
the Skiff having been fent afhore to fetch back
the Linguift, he brought the General a Prefent
of frefh Victuals from the Governor, who de-
fired to have a Mufter of the Englijh Commodi¬
ties, w’hich Mr. Cocks carried prefently to him :
He liked divers Colours of the broad Cloth, pro-
mifing to take as much as came to a thoufand
Ryals, befides fome Tin and Lead : Saying, many
others defired to have Lead and Iron; wnere-
fore he intreated, that in the Morning a Quan¬
tity thereof might be landed, for that he having
once begun, the Merchants would certainly follow,
and trade with them.
He fent three Samples of Indico, (but none M
of Labor , which is round, and the beft) the Price Sfcw
an hundred Ryals the Churle ; which is an hun¬
dred and twenty-feven Pound, or Rottalas, of
Mokha , and about an hundred and fifty Pound Eng¬
lijh : But they would not fell by any other Weight,
than that they bought by, which they might very
By others, called the Remt , and Rehemi. The -true Name feems to be Rahemi .
well
Voyages Englis
[ 6l2. well have done, the Price being To unreafonable : a
For the Englijh judged the three Sorts to be
worth no more than thirty, forty, and forty-five,
the Churle.
The General wrote to Sir Henry and Captain
Toivrfon , and fent his Letters over Land by Mo¬
hammed , Secretary to the Galleys.
The twenty- firft, he fent afhore eight Cloths,
one Ton of Iron, one Ton of Lead, and two
Chefts of Tin of fix hundred Weight. They
offered, for four of the beft Cloths, three half b
Rvals the Pik, which fhould be twenty-feven
Inches; but meafured by another Pik, procured to
be made for the Purpofe, of thirty-one Inches ; for
the Bahar of Tin, an hundred and twenty Ryals ;
the Bahar of Iron, twelve Ryals ; Lead, fifteen
Ryals : Which were no Prices to their Liking.
Accordingly, at Night, the Merchants returned
with their Commodities aboard again.
The twenty-fifth, the General (upon Confe¬
rence with Mr. Cocks ) fet fail for Ajfab. The (
twenty-feventh, about eight at Night, he found
the Trade and Heftor riding there, with eleven
Sail of Junksof feveral Places. In failing into this
Toad, or Harbour, you mud keep the Northern
Side aboard, leaving a little Rock or Hummock on
your Starboard-Side : For then you have from
twelve tofeven Fathom Tandy Ground ; in which
Depth they let fall their Anchor about half a
Mile from Shore.
The thirtieth, the General fent his Skiff to (
the Junks, to give Warning to the Nakhdda’s *
and Merchants, not to fail without his Leave.
They, on their Parts, requefted alfo, that fuch
of their Goods, as the Englijh fancied, might be
forted out of Hand, and their Ships let go, that
they might not lofe their Monfon for Joddah b ;
offering to bring aboard them what Bales they
had a Mind to have opened, and carry back what
they refufed.
The ninth of May, 1612, the General hav-
liian Skiing caufed the Indian Ships to be meafured, the
161:
Sirij.
. B.tfhl writes
is wtr tt
Tab.
\ijuttd, Rehemi was, from Stern to Stern-Poft, an hun¬
dred and fifty-three Foot in Length ; her Rake,
from the Poft aft, feventeen Foot : P'rom the
Top of her Sides, in Breadth, forty-two ; her
Depth, thirty-one. The Mahmudi c was, in
Length, an hundred and thirty-fix Foot ; her
Rake aft, twenty ; Breadth, forty-one ; Depth,
twenty-nine and an half: The Length of her
Main-Maft, an hundred and eight Foot ; and of f
her Main-Yard, an hundred and thirty-two Foot.
The reft were not much lefs.
The tenth, Captain Mami came from Mokha
to treat with Sir Henry concerning his Demand :
But firft he came aboard the Clove, where he
b /j East Indies. 4^5
was friendly entertained by the General, who after
went with him aboard the Trade , where he de¬
livered Sir Henry two Letters, one from the Bafbd
of Sinan , the other from the Aga of Mokha: The^y^ Henry>
Purport of which was, to know what he demanded
of them, for that they were ignorant of any late
Injury offered to him ; and that, as to the for¬
mer, they had given him Satisfaction before his
Departure ; wherefore they intreated, that the
Junks might be difeharged, and fent to Mokha,.
His Anfwer was, that he demanded Satisfaction
for the Murder of his Men, and Lofs of the
Monfon , which had ruined his Voyage. Mami
faid, if he would put his Demands in Writing,
he fhould have an Anfwer from the Bajhd in
fourteen Days. The twelfth, Captain Mami re¬
turned with Letters from Sir Henry.
The fifteenth, the King of Rahayta d, a petty Buriefque
Prince on the African or Habajh e Side, came PomI'
riding on a Cow to vifit Sir Henry and the Ge¬
neral : He had a Turban on his Head, a Piece of
a Periwinkle-Shell hanging upon his Forehead,
inftead of a Jewel : He was quite naked, like a
a Moor , (excepting a Pintado about his Loins) at¬
tended with an hundred and fifty Men, armed
with Darts, Bows and Arrows, Swords and Tar¬
gets. Both the Generals went afhore with an
hundred Shot and Pikes; they were apprehenfive,
left, under Colour of this Civility, the King
fhould have been fet on by the Turks to betray
[ them ; and at the fame Time, were loth to let
him return without an Interview, for fear they
fhould be denied Refrefhments at AJfab , which
was under his Command. They made him divers
Prefents, and (according to his Defire) gave him
his Fill of Aqua Vita, fo that he was fcarce able
toftand. They are Mohammedans, being a black
hard favoured People, with curled Heads. The
King beftowed upon the General five Bullocks,
and proffered all the Aftiftance that lay in his
e Power.
SECT. IV.
The Pepper-Corn arrives at Affab. Price of Goods
at Surat. The Thomas fent away. Bartering
continued. The Turks awed. Strength of Mo¬
kha. An Acquittance taken from the Merchants.
The Clove fails for Bantam. Lades Aloes at
Sokotra. The Sea feems on fire. Cape IComo-
rin wrong placed in the Charts. Arrives at Ban-
ta m . Navs from Japan . Bargains for Pepper.
Buys a larger Quantity.
THIS Day the Pepper-Corn arrived from Pepper-
Aden with a Junk, which came from Conum**
Sindi, or the River Indus , laden with Butter,
* In Purcbas, Eohodaies. b Judda, in the fame Author,
in Purchas. e In Purcbas, Abefje.
Vo l. I. N° 23.
* In Purcbas, Mahomedee. 6 P-hita,
Oil,
O o o
Saris.
Price of
Goods at
Surat.
466 Voyages of the English
1612. Oil, and Kambaya Cloth: They brought News, a
that the great Ship of Diu , commanded by Ma-
lek Amber % had efcaped them, and was arrived at
Mokha:' The Pepper-Corn fhot at her, but could
not reach her, fhe went fo well. This was the
Ship, for which the Pepper-Corn had purpofely
waited ; and which the Thomas , and Darling , had
fo long expected at the Bab b.
The fame Day likewife, the General had a
Note delivered him of the Prices of Commodi¬
ties, as they lately went at Surat : Broad-cloth of b
twenty-three Pound a Piece, feveral Colours,
twenty Mahmudi s c ; the Konido of thirty-five
Inches, five Mahmudi' s^ making one Ryal of Eight;
Kerfeys, eighty-four Mahmudi s the Piece ; which
was lefs than theirs coft in England ; Lead, the
great Maund, thirty-three Pound, at feven and
one third Mahmudi s ; Tin, the fmall Maund,
twenty-five Pound, at five and a half Ryals of
Eight. A tDabul, Iron, the Bahar, containing three
hundred and threefcore Pound, at twenty-one c
Ryals. Pieces damafked, from twelve to eighteen
Ryals the Piece ; Elephants Teeth, threefcore and
five Mahmudi’ s the great Maund, of thirty-three
Pound. Indico of Sirkefa d, three Sorts, the beft
at fourteen Rupias , which make half a Ryal of
Eight ; the fecond, twelve Rupias ; the third, for
eight the great Maund, of thirty-three Pound.
Lahor Indico, which is beft of all, three Sorts ;
the beft at thirty-fix, the fecond at thirty, the
third at twenty-four Rupias the Maund, of fifty- d
five Pound: Charges of bringing it to the Water
Side, ten in the hundred for the Sirkefa , and
twenty in the hundred Cuftom for the Lahor.
The feventeenth, they began to weighLead, and
deliver the Englijh Commodities to the Captains
and Mafters of the Junks, in Part of Payment of
to the East Indies.
afhore, with Letters to the Aga , the Shah Ban-
J'be Tho¬
mas first
aivay.
the Goods, which they had received of them.
The twenty-third, the Thomas , with forty-
nine found Men, fet Sail for Sokotra , to take in
Aloes ; and from thence was to proceed for Pri-
aman and Tekii, in Sumatra, for Pepper.
The thirty-firft, the Meffenger from the Ba-
Jhd at Sinan , the Shah Bandar of the Bannians,
at Mokha , and Captain Mami , arrived at Ajfab ,
to compound the Differences with Sir Henry Mid¬
dleton.
The twenty-fourth of June , the Trade fet Sail
out of Ajfab Road, -for Mokha ; and the twenty-
fifth, the Clove followed the fame Night. Great
Bonfires, and Fireworks, were made at Mokha ;
which not having been done, when the Englijh
were there before, they fuppofed the Turks did it
now to brave them.
dar , and Captain Mami , and gave the Cock-
fvvain Charge, not to put afhore, for Fear of a'
Surprize. The Purport of thefe Letters was, to
know wEat ready Money might be procured, to
clear the Accounts betwixt the Indians and them.
The twenty-ninth, the Governor returned an
Anfwer, full of Compliments, but little to the
Purpofe : Upon which, the thirtieth, they return¬
ed to Ajfab Road.
The firft of July , the Trade came thither Bartering
likewife, and fell to their old-Trade of bartering tmim&
for Indian Commodities. The fifth, Mir Mah¬
mud Tuki e, Captain of the Rehemi -of Surat ,
(which was the Queen Mother’s Ship) brought
clivers Difhes of Meat aboard the Clove , dreffed
after their Fafhion. He was accompanied with
feveral of his principal Merchants, who were all
kindly entertained : His Ship was at leaft twelve
hundred Tons.
The eleventh, they all vifited the Clove , and
HeCtor: The Trade , and Pepper-Corn, fet Sail for
Mokha , together with feven of the Indian Ships,
mod of uEich were every way better than any
of the Englijh. In the Evening, they anchored
fhort of Mokha.
The twelfth, they all flood for Mokha ; and
about three in the Afternoon, anchored before
the Town.
The eighteenth, one of the Junks, which The Turk
was indebted to the Englijh , got in fo near Shore, av3ii*
that they were afraid fhe would convey all her
Goods off. Whereupon, next Day, the Clove ,
and the Pepper-Corn , warped nearer, and difco-
vered many Jelbas aboard the Junk, to unlade
her : But at their going afhore, the Clove , Hettor,
and Pepper-Corn , made feveral Shot at them ;
upon which, the Men left both the Junks, and
the Jelbas, and fwam afhore : Neither the Caftle
nor Town, once firing at the Englijh , though
e they were entirely within command of their Ord¬
nance.
The twentieth, the Galleys fearing their
coming fo near, warped behind an Ifland, to th»
Northward.
The feventh of Augujl , they had Advice of
the Arrival of the great Ship of Suez , and four
great Galleys, at Bogo , a Town on the Habafb
Side, about half a Day’s Sail from Mokha. The
General received a Letter from the Governor of
f Alokha, fignifying, that on this Day, being a
Feftival amongft them, it was a Cuftom to fire
their Guns, and defired it might not be wrong
conftrued; apprehending the Englijh might think
The twenty-fixth, the General fent his Skiff it done in a Bravado, and, in Refentment, fhoot
a fh Put chai, Mallacamber . b Babo , in Purchas. e In Purchas, Idamoodies . d In
Purchas, Cirkefa others write Series, and Sberkes. It is a Village agar Ahmed abdd. Capital of Kambaya,
where Indico is made. « In Purchas , Mere Mahumood Tookee,
2 int©
6l 2.
| Saris.
\trgtbcf
klia.
J
•uittarcet
<i the
rcbantt.
Voyages of the Engl
into the Town. Accordingly, at Noon, they
difcharged feventeen Pieces out of the Fort,
three from the Landing-place, and feveral from
within Land, with abundance of fmall Shot,
which went off in good Order : Some of their
great Shot v/ent a-head the Englijh , and fome a-
itern, to fhew what they could do ; but all paffed
in Kindnefs. However, by this the General
found the Report to be falfe, that there were
only two Pieces of Ordnance in this Place ; and
that they were not able in two Hours to difcharge
them.
The eighth, the Heflor fet Sail for Priaman,
and Teku, (the Msnfon now ferving) having eighty-
eight Men in pertedft Health. The Nakhada' s,
or Captains of the Junks, defired to have Paff-
ports from the General, to bear them harmlefs
from the English, in cafe they fhould meet with
any ; which w’as granted.
The tenth, all Accounts were cleared with
the three Junks, the Haffani , Kaderi, and Mah-
mudi. The eleventh, they cleared the Rehemi ,
and Salameti. The whole Cargo of Commodities,
and Ryals, bartered for in this Place, amounted
but to forty-fix thoufand one hundred feventy-
four Ryals of Eight.
The two following Acquittances, are added *
for better underftanding the Nature of the Trade.
Mokha Road , in the Red-Sea, the tenth of Au-
guft, 1612.
E MO RAN DU M, That / Mohammed
Hafhen Komal Adin Afhen, Captain of the
Haffani of Surat, have bartered , and fold , unto
Captain John Saris, General of the eighth Voyage
into the Eaft Indies, to the Sum of feven thoufand
four hundred and forty- eight Ryals of Eight , in
thefe Goods following , viz.
i s h to the E A s r Indies.
a And I have received in Payment thereof, thefe
Goods following, viz.
Twenty-eight and an half Broad-? 1.2.
cloths, amount to, in Ryals — S 4<i
Ten Pieces of Kerfeys, amount to — 050 i j
Thirty Bahars of Lead, amount to — 0720
Twenty Bahars of Iron, amount to 0480
Four and an half Bahars of Tin, a-? L
mount to *— — ■ — J ' 1
Fifteen Fowling-pieces, amount to— 0445
Sum Total of thefe Goods received,? 7>0041-
arnount to, in Ryals, — — * S
As in Witnefs of the Truth , I have hereunto fet
my Hand and Seal b, the Day and Tear
above-written.
M‘
Indicos of both Sorts, eighty-fix
Bales, amounting, with Profit, to
the Sum of — — —
Kambaya Cloth, three hundred and
fixteen Gorjes, feven Pieces and
a half, amount, with Profit, to
Carpets, three, valued at — —
Quilts of Kottonia , two, at eighty?
Ryals a Gorj — — — 5
Rice, Butter, Ginger, and Sugar,?
amount in Ryals to — — 5
For eighteen Yards Broad-cloth, re-?
ceived back in Account — — 3
Four Bales Gum-lacke, with Profit,
Ryals.
304&.T3
4136
0020
0008
0057 4
0096
0040 ||
Another Acquittance.
Mokha Road, in the R.ed-Sea, the twelfth Day of
. Auguft, 16 12.
JljfE MO RAN DU M, That I Nakhada
JV-L J-Iaffan, Captain of the good Ship , called the
Kawdrie of Diew % have bartered , and fold , unto
Captain John Saris, General of the eighth Voyage
into the Eaft Indies, to the Amount of two thoufand
nine hundred forty feven and Ryals of Eight , in
thefe Goods following, viz.
Indicos of both Sorts, thirty-one?
Bales, with Profit, amount to, in > I994r|
^ Ryals — — —
Spikenard, one Bale; Turbith, one 7
Bale ; Cinnamon, five Bales ; with > 0064!
Profits, amount in Ryals — — J
Cloth of Kambaya , an hundred thir- 7
ty-feven Gorjes, and three Pieces, > ii8S|
with Profit, amount to — — -J
Sum Total 2 9 47 4
e And I have received in Payment thefe Goods
following, viz.
Broad-cloth, fix Pieces, for the Sum? og -
of Ryals — — — S
Kerfeys, ten Pieces, amount to Ryals 0477 f
Lead, thirty-one Bahars, and three? 0 -gj.r
Quarters, amounts to — — 5 ‘ 4*
Iron, ten Bahars, amounts to Ryals 0240
Tin, one Bahar and an half, amount? 0226-r
f to Ryals — — J
Fowling-pieces, fourteen, amount to?
Ryals — — L — 5
More Receipts, in Money, to balance, ^ OQOO ^
Sum Total of all the Merchandizes? «A00j.i
fold as abovefaid, is in Ryals — S * 48
» Thefe feem to have been added by the Colleflor.
chant fubfcribed in Arabic Chara&ers. f Or Diu
Ryals — —
Sum Total, amounts to Ryals 29474
b Punbas has inferted the Seal, with what the Mer-
As
O 0 0 2
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
As in JVitnefs of the Truth , I have hereunto fet
my Hand a and Seal, the Day and Tear
above-written.
At the Port of Mokha , they could not fell
any Quantity of th e Englijh Commodities; the
Natives being poor, and the Turks unwilling to
deal with them.
Tbc cirve The thirteenth, they fet Sail from Mokha, for
jail, fir Ban- Bantam : Their Company, feventy-five Men, all
tam‘ in perfect Health.
The fourteenth, in the Morning, they were
in Sight of the Bab-, but the Wind large at
North-Weft, they fteered Eaft by South, through
the great Channel on the Habajh Side, having
eighteen Fathom, about one League off the Bland
Bab , where there is a very good and fafe Harbour,
and good Reception from the People; but the
Place is barren.
The third of September, 1612, they arrived
at Sokotra, in the Road of Delijha , having been
much hindered in their Paffage hither, by a Weft
and North-Weft Current. They underftood that
the Thomas had been here three Months before,
but ftaid not, as they could not agree upon the
Price of Aloes.
The fourth, the Merchant, and Linguift, be¬
ing fent alhore, were friendly entertained, and
furnifhed with Horfes to return to the Skiff: But
could not agree upon the Price for their Aloes:
He [the King] holding it at forty Ryals of Eight
the Quintal, of one hundred and forty Pounds :
Saying, he had only twenty-five hundred Weight,
for which, he was earneftly folicited by the Por-
tugueze.
Lade Aka Being loth to loofe Time here, it wascon-
<at Sokotra. eluded, he fhould have thirty Ryals for one Par¬
cel, and thirty-eight for another: So he delivered
four thoufand ftxty-feven Pound ; which coft one
thoufand four hundred eighteen and an half Ryals
of Eight. They found the King very falfe both
in his Weight and Word : But they ufed him
kindly, for the Good of their future Voyage.
The eighth, they fet Sail for Bantam.
The twenty-fecond, Latitude by the Stars,
eight Degrees twelve Minutes, the Wind at Weft
South-Weft, they fteered Eaft by South : And,
about Midnight, fell into the ftrangeft and fear-
<1 btSeafiem fulleft fhining Water, that any of them had feen :
*n fire. The Water giving fuch a Glare about the Ship,
that they could fee to read ; it being, not half an
Hour before, fo dark, that it was not poflible to
fee half the Ship’s Length any Way. They were
afraid it was the Breakers upon funken Ground,
and thought to have eaft about : But finding, that
they had failed in it for half an Hour, and faw
no Alteration, they held on their Courfe : At
a length, it proved to be Cuttle- fijh, which made 1 612I
this dreadful Appearance. The twenty-feventh. Saris,
in the Morning, they had Sight of the Ifland of ■"V"***
Seyldn b, bearing North-Eaft by Eaft, about fe-
ven Leagues off ; being very high Land up into
the Country, but low to Seaward.
The twenty-ninth, about Noon, they fell in
with Cape Komorin , bearing Eaft by South, about
fourteen Leagues off, being high Land ; and to¬
wards the North, {hewing double Land near the
b WaterSide: They founded, and had no Ground
at an hundred Fathom. This Land lies in theKnmorfa
Latitude of feven Degrees forty- two Minutes
North : But in the Charts, is placed in fixF
Degrees ten Minutes, ftretching South South-
Eaft. Befides, in their Courfe, they had no Sight
of any of the Iflands deferibed in the Charts ;
neither did they fee any of the Maidive Blands,
whereof the Number is faid to be fo great: But
paffed (as they reckoned) between the Main and
c the Northern Coaft of the Maldivas , in eight
Degrees, without delcrying any Land, till they
faw this Main.
The fifteenth of Oflober, being in Latitude
four Degrees forty-nine Minutes South, they had
Sight of Sumatra ; the Eaftermoft Part whereof,
bore Eaft North-Eaft, fourteen Leagues off, high
Land. Here they found a very ftrong Current,
fetting to the Southward, which put them off
from the Coaft. Thofe bound for the Streights
d of Sunda , muft keep Sumatra aboard, after they
are come into one Degree thirty Minutes South ;
for there begins the Current. Keep thirty Leagues
off, with good looking-out ; for there are many
Cayos fifteen or twenty Leagues off, which, by
Reafon of the Current, they did not fee.
The twenty-fourth, they came to an Anchor 7btyarrh»
in the Road of Bantam , where they found the at Bantam,
Hefilor, which arrived there the Day before, with
the James, and certain Flemmings in her Compa-
e ny. The Arrival of all thefe Ships, and Expecta¬
tion daily of the Trade' s-Increafe, Pepper-Corn ,
Darling , and Thomas, to follow, occasioned a
great Alteration in the Prices of Commodities ;
thofe of any Requeft, being raifed to thrice the
Price they were fold for the Day before the Hec¬
tor's Arrival. Cloves, which the Mariners of the
Hefiior and James had bought for fixteen Ryals of
Eight, the Pikul, were now rifen to forty, and
upwards : Pepper, from ten Ryals of Eight, ten
f Sacks, to twelve and an half, &c.
The twenty-fixth, they went to Court, ac¬
companied with the Merchants, and made divers
Prefents to the Governor Pangran Chamarra ,
which were well received. This Pangran (or.
Lord) ruled all, and was as Protestor to the King ;
who did not ail himfelf, though of Years fuffi-
161 2.
Saris.
f The Signing to this Inftrui^ent, is in Indian Chara&ers. * In Purcbas , Selon.
dent %
jfWS frcm
.pan.
ar gain fir
tftr.
uy a latge
j amity.
Voyages of the Engli
cient. They defired his Order, for fpeedy landing
of their Goods, which he granted ; provided the
King’s Officers were made acquainted with the
Quantity, that he might not be wronged in his
Cuftoms.
The twenty-eighth, a Letter from Mr. William
Adams out of ‘Japan , was read to all the Mer¬
chants, that they might take Notice of the Hopes
there were of Trade in that Country. It was
now concluded, (in regard the Flemmings were
fo ftrong, and almoft foie Commanders of the
Molukkos , and Banda ; that Bantam was fo un¬
healthy, and that their People likewife ftrange-
1 y difordered themfelves with drinking and wench¬
ing afhore) that the Hefiior {hould, with all Speed,
be difpatched for England ; and that fourteen
thoufand Sacks of Pepper {hould be provided for
lading her, and the Thomas: Being apprehenfive,
that if once there fhould come News of the Ar¬
rival of other Ships expected, Pepper would be
raifed ftill more.
Accordingly, they bargained with Lak-
moy , for two thoufand Sacks of Pepper, at an
hundred twenty-feven and a half Ryals of Eight,
the hundred Sacks ; and with Ki-wi a, for a thou¬
fand Sacks, at an hundred twenty-five Ryals, the
hundred ; and for three thoufand Sacks more, at
an hundred and fifty Ryals the hundred. They
made Trial afhore, what a Pikul of Cloves
weighed Englijh, and found it to be an hundred
and thirty-two Pound futtle, good W eight.
The ninth of November , Sir Henry Middleton
arrived at Bantam in the Pepper-Corn . The fif¬
teenth, (at the Governor’s earneft Requeft) there
muftered eighty Men before the Court, out of the
Clove , the Heftor, the Pepper-Corn , and the Sa¬
lomon: Which gave him great Satisfaction ; the
Flemmings having denied him. This was to cele¬
brate the End of the Mohammedan Lent.
The feventeenth, the Captain agreed with
Ki-wi , for four thoufand Sacks of Pepper, at fix-
teen Ryals for every ten Sacks, with Allowance
of three in the hundred, BaJJ'c.
The eighteenth, there arrived eleven Sail of
Flemmings , great Ships, and the Thomas in their
Company : She had gotten at Priaman only three
hundred and twelve Baharsof Pepper, and twen¬
ty Tael b of Gold.
The twenty-fecond, an hundred Flemmings ,
properly accoutred, with their Pikemen in bright
Armour, marched to the Court, where they
threw themfelves into a Ring, and gave three
Volleys of Shot : The Governor feat Word, that
the King thanked them ; and that having done
enough, they might depart with their Iron Hats ;
for fo the Javans called Helmets.
The twenty-eighth, three Holland Ships, laden
s h to the East Indies. 469
a for the mod Part with Pepper and Mace, fet Sail, 161 3.
homeward bound ; and five more departed for Sars.
Banda , and the Molukkas. c— — v/— J
The fourth of December , a Dutch Ship arrived
there from Koromandel ; by wrhom the Englijb
underftood, that they left the Globe in Patane ,
bound for Siam.
The eleventh, the Heflor fet Sail from Ban¬
tam, for Morough , the Watering-place (where
there is a fweet Air, and good Refrefhing of
b Oranges, with other wholfome Fruits, are to be
had) there to attend till the Thomas was full
laden.
The twenty-fecond, the Trade' s-Increafe, and
the Darling , arrived from Priaman.
The twenty-eighth, Ki-wi , the chief China
Merchant, invited Sir Henry , and General Saris ,
with all the Merchats, to Dinner ; and entertain¬
ed them with a Play, performed on a Stage, by
Chinefe Adtors, with good Pronunciation and
c Gefture.
The twelfth of January, the Thomas fet Sail
for England , having in her thirty-fix Englijh , and
three Indians.
SECT. V.
Depart towards Japan. Tingo Java. IJlands of
' Cherribon. Pulo Labuk. If and Selebes, or
Celebes. Str eights o/’Defalon, or Solor. Kam-
d bina. Botun. Tingatape. Streights of Bo-
tun. Ifand Buro. Bachian, or HaJeboling..
Opprejfed by the Dutch and Spaniards. Dutch
Fort. They refrain the Natives from Trading.
Their Women , Soldiers. The General invited to
Machian.
TH E fourteenth of January , 1612-13, in jyep1rt fjf
the Morning, they fet Sail from the Road Japan,
of Bantam , for Japan , having taken in feven
e hundred Sacks of Pepper there for a Trial. The
Ship’s Company confifled of twenty-four Englijh ,
one Spaniard , one JapaneJ'e , and five Indians.
Next Morning, they fleered Eaft by South, and
Eaft South -Eaft, leaving Pulo Lak on their Star¬
board, and eleven or twelve fmall Illands on their
Larboard Side; and, going within two Iflands,
which lie to the Eaftwards of Pulo Lak , they
ran foul upon a Shoal, though not above half a
Cable’s Length every Way, where they lay three
f Hours beating, with a ftiff Gale ; anJ no fooner
got her off, but fprung a Leak, which they had
much ado to keep under; all Hands (except the
General) taking their Spell at the Pump all Night :
But the Carpenter finding it in the Morning, pre-
fently made all tight. This is a dangerous Shoal,
there being ten Foot hard aboard it, and the next
a In Purchas, Keavece.
explained hereafter.
b Taile, in Purchas .
The Tail Weight. The Weight of the Tael will be
Ca£L
47© Voyages of the
1613. Cad, but fix Foot. To go clear of it
Saris. clofe to the Ifland, for the Main is fhoal.
The fixteenth, they anchored clofe to the
Tmgo Java. gjlorG jn five Fathom, at the Watering-place call¬
ed Tingo Java , being fourteen Leagues from Ban¬
tam, and about three Leagues and an half to the
Weft of Jakkatra ; riding between two Iflands,
which lie oft' the Point at five Miles Diftance.
The General fent Prefents to the King, (as well as
to his Shah Bandar and Admiral,) defiring Leave
to buy fuchNeceftaries as they wanted.
The eighteenth, the King of Jakkatra fent
his chief Officer to the General, with Thanks
for the Prefents, and a Welcome to what his
Country afforded. The twenty-firft, they fet
fail, fleering Eaft North-Eaft, near the Eaftmoft
Illand of the two, that are againft the Watering-
place, and to Seaward of all the Iflands : For the
outward moft of them beareth Eaft by North,
Northerly, off the Northern Point of which they
faw a Shoal, with Breakers upon it, half a League’s
Diftance ; and when they came South of it, the
Eaft Point of Java bore Eaft Southerly ; Depth,
all the Way out, from twenty to fourteen Fa¬
thom : But here they found a Current fetting
Eaft South-Eaft upon the Shore, which obliged
them to come to an Anchor in the Evening, be-
.ing fhot three Leagues to the Eaft wards of the
Point of Jakkatra.
The twenty-fecond, they weighed, and fleer¬
ing Eaft North-Eaft to get into deep Water,
found fourteen Fathom, when the Hill over Ban¬
tam bore Weft South- Weft, half Weft.
JJl Vtjs off
Chenibor.
The twenty-third, in the Morning, they had
Sight of an Illand off Cherribon , with three of
thofe high piked Hills of Java , the Eaftermoft
bearing South Eaft, and Cherribon South by Eaft :
English to the East Indies.
keep a ty-five Fathoms, and about nine o’Clock had Sight
of Land, bearing South-Eaft, and South-Eaft by
South ; Latitude fix Degrees twelve Minutes South ; 1
Way Eaft, and Eaft by North, twenty-two
Leagues. Pulo Labuk, at four in the Afternoon,
bore Weft by North nine Leagues off. The
twenty-feventh, Latitude fix Degrees four Mi¬
nutes South, Way Eaft Northerly twenty-eight
Leagues, at three in the Afternoon, they had
Sight of an Illand bearing North North-Eaft feven
Leagues off.
The thirtieth, the Latitude was five Degrees
fifty-feven Minutes South ; and Longitude from
Bantam , by their Reckoning, two hundred and
twenty-four Leagues. At three in the Afternoon,
from Top-maft Head, they had Sight of the
low flat Ifland, full of Trees, bearing North-Eaft
by North five or fix Leagues off. Then they
fleered Eaft by South ; and, at four o’Clock, it
bore North by Eaft, half North, three or four
Leagues off, when they had Sight of two other
low flat Iflands, one opening to the Eaft, the
other to the Weft. Affix, at Night, the Ifland
with Trees bearing North half Eaft, they fleered
Eaft by South. Thefe laft three Days, they kept
their Lead conflantly going, on Account of fe-
veral Over-falls or Ripplings ; but found deep
Water.
The thirty-firfl, at Break of Day, they had//WC
Sight of the Selebes a, the Well- End ‘ riling likeb*s>
an Ifland, and the outmoft high Land, bearing
Eaft by North. At Noon, the Eaft Part bear¬
ing Eaft by North fix Leagues offj Latitude five
Degrees fifty Minutes South ; Way Eaft, Norther¬
ly, fixteen Leagues. Here they had a Current to
the North Weft ward. At Sun-fet, they took- in
their Sails to keep fhort of the Streights of De-
Latitude fix Degrees ten Minutes South, the Ifland falon , by the Natives called Solbr ; and keeping
above-mentioned now bearing Eaft by North
three Leagues and an half off. You may fafely
keep between twenty-three and twenty-four Fa¬
thom Water in the Offing, and in twenty Fathom
upon Java in the Night; and in the Day, upon
Java , in what Depth you pleafe.
The twenty- fourth, in the Morning, they
had Sight of three high piked Hills, and three
other to the Eaftward, like Iflands : Depth, twen¬
ty Fathom; the Point of Java bearing South-
Eaft by South, and the Ifland lying off it South-
Eaft and North-Weft about nine Leagues diftant.
their Lead all Night, they found firft twenty Fa¬
thom, the high Land of Selebes bearing North,
and fo drove into thirty-three and forty-feven
Fathom, fearing a Shoal, which lieth two Thirds
of a Leagues from the Selebes, with Breakers up¬
on it at low Water. On the Selebes- Side, it is
very dangerous, and full of funben Ground :
Wherefore they hauled over for Defalon-S ide,
keeping a good Birth off it. When the piked
Hill upon Defalon bears Weft, then the Shoal lies
North North-Eaft : And when that bears North,
then you are thwart of the Weft-End of this ;
They fleered Eaft by South, and Eaft South-Eaft : f and the Ifland, on your Starboard-Side, will bear
Latitude fix Degrees ten Minutes South ; Way
Eaft twenty-eight Leagues.
Pulo Labuk. The twenty-fix th, at Break of Day, they
had Sight of the Ifland Pulo Labuk, bearing
North-Eaft by Eaft eight Leagues off, Wind Weft
by North. They fleered Eaft by South in thir-
Eaft North-Eaft : So that the Way lies fafe North
in the midft between the two Iflands ; and when
the piked Hill bears North by Weft, then you
are thwart of the Eaft End of Defalon, which
fhoweth like an Ifland, and will deceive you, till
you come to it: But having brought the North-
End
* In Purchas, Celebes.
CO
Voyages of the Eng
l6iq. End of the Point Eaft North-Eaft, half Eaft,
i Saris, then you are dear of the Shoal aforefaid. They
j/*YV?came within half a Mile of the Ifland of their
Starboard-S:de, going through, but found no
Ground at fifty-five Fathom.
The firft of February , in the Afternoon, they
were thwart of the Point of Dcfaton, bearing
South off them : The two Iflands, which make
the Streights, lying one from the other North
and South, diftant five fmall Leagues.
nlghtitf The fecond, in the Morning, they had Sight
l^00' °r of the South Part of Defalon , bearing South-
Weft by South, and the North Part Weft by
North eight Leagues off. They fteered Eaft by
North, the Wind at North by Eaft ; Latitude
five Degrees fifty-two Minutes ; Diftance from
Defalon , ten Leagues.
mbiga. The third, in the Morning, the South-End
of Kambina bore North-Eaft by Eaft, and the
Ifland, or Hummock, North-Eaft eight or nine
Leagues off- : Latitude five Degrees fifty-feven
Minutes Southerly five or fix Leagues ; the Ifland
bearing North-Eaft, half North, eight Leagues
off". They fteered all Night Eaft by North.
The fourth, Latitude five Degrees South;
and at three, in the Afternoon, they faw Land
bearing Eaft by North, which they made to be
Botun .
The fifth, being three or four .Leagues off
Kambina , they found the Current carry them to
the Northward ; the Ifland on the Eaft End of
Kambina bearing North-Eaft, half Eaft, four
loin. Leagues off. The fixth, at Break of Day, the
laid Ifland bore North-Eaft by North, Northerly
four Leagues off.
The feventh, at Day-break, the Northern
Point of the Ifland bore North by Eaft; and a
fmall high Land, that lies to the Southward fix
or feven Leagues off Botun , South-Eaft ; and the
Eaftermoft Land of Botun , Eaft North-Eaft.
They fteered Eaft by North, and Eaft, but left
the high Land to the Southwards, on their Star¬
board Side, which bore South-Eaft, half Eaft;
and then the Point of Botun was fhut in, in a
long great Ifland, theNorthernEnd bearing North
North-Weft.
The eighth, in the Morning, they faw ano¬
ther Ifland, called Tingabajfe, riling Ground, and
fiat. Here they had a Current fetting North-
Eaft. The ninth, the Point of Botun bearing
North-Weft, half North, they had Sight of two
Kurrakurras a, between them and Botun. The
Skiff was fent out to them, and brought one
Mr. IVeldeny one of the Expedition's Company,
and a Flemming bound for Banda . This Welden
being employed in the King of Botun' s Affairs
for Banda} had the Command of thefe Kurra-
* By others, Kurra hares .
i s h to the East Indies. 471
1 hurras : Latitude five Degrees twenty Minutes 1613*
South. Obferve, from the Eaft Point of Botun , Saris,
the Land falls away fuddenlv, with two or three — v-— ^
great Bays to the North- Weft ; which, with
three great Iflands that lie to the Northward of
Botuny makes the Streights of Botun.
These Streights are not above a League broad. Streights
The Entrance is on the North-fide of Botun ; andBoCufi*
if you come from the Weftward, when you are
thwart of the North-Weft Point, your Courfe
is Eaft North-Eaft, and Eaft by North up to the
Road : But you muff: leave the three great Iflands
to the Northwards of you ; and falling with the
Weft-End of Botun, go not within the Ifland
that lieth off it. There are two long Iflands, but
leave them on your Starboard-Side, for it is full
of broken Ground between them and Botun t But
if the Wind ferve, then haul to the Northward
of all the Iflands, either between Botun and Kam-
binay or elfe to the Northward of that too ; and
fo you may keep the Coaft of Selebesy for it is
a bold Shore.
The eleventh, Latitude was four Degrees
eight Minutes South: Way North North-Eaft,
Eafterly a little, twenty-four Leagues ; being off"
the Eaft Point of Botun thirty-five Leagues by
the Reckoning.
The thirteenth, in the Morning, they had TJland Cura.
Sight of the Ifland BurOy being high Land ; one
Point bearing North-Eaft by North, and the
other North-Eaft ten Leagues off : Latitude three
Degrees for forty-one Pvlinutes.
The feventeenth, the North Part of Botun
bearing Eaft by South, from Top-maft Head, they
had Sight of three Iflands at North-Eaft by
North.
The eighteenth, in the Morning, the Eafter¬
moft of the three Iflands bearing North North-
Eaft three Leagues off, at Noon, they came
within a Mile of the Shore : The Skiff was fent
to fpeak with People. This Ifland is called Sulay
and has a bold Shore, the Land ftretching North
North-Eaft : The Weft Part of Buro lies South,
half Weft, and North, half Eaft, fourteen Leagues
off it.
The twentieth, Wind at Eaft by North, fteer¬
ed North by Eaft of Latitude one Degree thirty
Minutes South ; Way North-Eaft feven Leagues.
The twenty-firft, in the Morning, they were Bachian, or
four or five Leagues off Bachian^, (called Hale- Hakboling,
baling by the Sailors) being an high coped round
Ifland, different from all the reft in Sight : La¬
titude one Degree fixteen Minutes North, the
Point of Halebolingy or Bachian, at Noon, lying
North-Eaft by Nortlvfour Leagues off ; and the
outmoft Land North, a quarter Weft. Here
they found a Current fetting to the North-Eaft.
> Or, Boa d< Bachian . Purcbas,
The
47 2
1613.
Saris.
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
The twenty-fecond, in the Morning, they a if their King would permit them They anfwer
, , r t J 1 vt .li . tv. cl 1 _ it a 1 hincr mnrh defired bv them, bu
had Sight of Land North by Eaft, it being the
‘Ifland ' 'Machian , very high Land. Here they had a
Current fetting to the North North-Laft : Latitude
fifty-one Minutes ; Courfe and Diftance North
feven Leagues ; Variation, at Sun-fet, four De¬
grees twelve Minutes.
The twenty-third, in the Morning, they were
three Leagues off the Weft Point of Bachian , with
three or four other Iflands to the Eaft ward, that
- - c . l6i:
ed, it was a 1’hing much defired by them, but Satis,
at prefen t not in their Power to grant ; yet they i
faid they would acquaint their King with it.
The Captain of the Dutch Fort came aboard
to vifit the General, who, by him, underftood
their Force to be but thirteen Pieces, ( viz. one
Demi-Culverin, and the reft Sakersand Mignons)
and thirty Soldiers, moft of them married, forne
to the Women of the Country, others to Dutch
inree or ruui uuici uwn ua lw mw — r* . r>v . , ,
you cannot perceive, till you are very near. They b Women; of whom eleven did Duty with th e*W
.. n 1 r 1 _ lL * . or-i/l tt i&rn. oc oh f r% unfhirQnn 3m; r npmv^"
QppreJJed by
Dutch and
Spaniards.
bore up Eaft South- Eaft, as the Land openeth to
the South Point, which is four Leagues diftant
from the Weft Point ; then the Land falleth away
North-Eaft, and iheweth a large and round Sound,
or Bay, with Land on both Sides, very deep. This
Iiland Bachian abounds in Cloves, but they found
it all a Ruin, by reafon of the civil Wars then
raging amongft them : Which were kept up by
the Artifice of the Flemmings and Spaniards , their
Men, and were as able to withftand any Enemy^r,<
whatfoever ; being of a very large Breed, but
furniftied with few good Qualities. However,
they attended upon the Commander : For no fooner
was the Captain aboard, but the Amazon Band
followed, complaining of great Mifery, and fit¬
ting down with the Sailors to Victuals at their
firft Coming, with ffnall Intreaty.
The third of March , they founded with the
LUC /'ll II UCW U1 LI J W X J 3 — - - # j
Oppreffors ; intending, as foon as the Natives c Skiff along the Eaft Side oi the Bay ; and at the
. ‘ * . . . ^ ^ • P 1 1 . 1 /VI __ r-irr nonr fA Q llfflp 7 fl CX n A
Dutch Fort
end 'Town,
^ J I - ~ t Q/
Ihouid have fufficiently weakened themfelves, to
feize upon the Ifland, and make them Slaves.
The twenty-fourth, in the Morning, the high
Land South by Eaft, ten or twelve Leagues off
the Ifland, feemed ragged. They ftood-in, and a
League off the Point, fent out the Skiff to found
and look forWater ; but fhe returned aboard, find¬
ing none, nor any Place to anchor in : Where¬
upon they flood into the Bay, and prefently had
Opening, or going out, near to a little Ifland,
they found a Place to anchor in twelve, fixteen,
twenty Fathom Coral Ground, out of Reach of
the Fort. There is likewife a Shoal to the South¬
ward, the Length of three Cables: Latitude here
was fifty Minute.* South. Next Day, the King
of Ternata fent the General a Prefent by his
Prieft.
The fifth, (Variation, at Sun-rifing, four De-
upuil LiJCy 1LUUU UlLU Lliu xjay 3 anu - 7 \ J ,
Si°ht of a Dutch Fort and Town, called Bachan a. d grees forty-eight Minutes, Faft) a Moor came a-
The Pinnance a-head finding frefli Water in board with a Muller of Cloves, offering to fell
divers Places, but fteep Shore into the Cod of fome Quantity, if they fhould go to Machidn
. -r~v * 1.1 1 ' . .1* *_ 1 _ . T' !-v « <x 7? /f n f kir O ft /T o T1 A I (TTPO f A AAAl I n
’ - - - j l
the Bay, where ftands the Fort, which is regular
built, and commands the Town. Here they
came to an Anchor within Saker-fhot of the
Fort, having had very uncertain Shoaling at fe-
venty, fixty, eight and ten Fathom, oozy Ground.
(The Road is called Aynafand\
The Dutch having faluted them with five
,v,uiv / * - J - O
This Moor was fent by a Man of great Account Invited
of that Place, who wras then at Bachan : Where-
fore it was thought good to flay a Day longer,
to have fome Diicourfe with him ; his Name was
Kay Malladaia , and he was Brother to the old
King of Ternata.
The fixtb, this Cavalier came and promifed
• * 1 111 * »./-!• Ill
inn. J-SULLU iiftv laruieu »-^'-*** - - - - 1 - — ^ *
Pieces, they returned the Compliment with the e to go with them to a Place in Macbian , called
,T~bey prohibit
'■I rude.
like Number, which they told the King’s Officer,
then aboard, was done in Honour to his King ;
who fent Word, that he would have come to vifit
the General, but that the Dutch intreated him to
forbear. In fhort, they found the Natives lb en¬
tirely kept in Awe by the Flemmings , that they
could not get a Katti of Cloves, it being Death
to bring any to them. The King having fent his
Admiral and divers of his Nobles aboard, to bid
the General welcome, they faid, they knew f
what Nation his Ship was of by the Flag, and made
ufe of a great deal of Ceremony ; wifhing, that
the Englijh were fettled there inftead of the Flem¬
mings y that fo they might be clear of them, their
Country being then almoft ruined by the Wars.
The General entertained them in a friendly Man¬
ner, and told them, that his Coming was to pro-
Trade, and leave a Fadory among them,
cure
TahannJ and fend them two of his chief Men
to pilot them thither : At the fame Time, he ap¬
pointed the Englijh to go before, and ftay for
him at an Ifland by the Way; affirming, within
two Days, he would be with them, and gave
them great Hopes of good Store of Cloves. He
told the General, that the Dutch gave fifty Ryals
the Bahar, hut that it would colt them fixty ;
which they willingly promifed to give.
SECT. VI.
They arrive at Machian. Tavalli Bachan. Dif-
appointsd of Trade. I ft and Grochie. Come to
Pelehere. The Dutch nettled. Their Officers
fnubbed. Send for two Ships. One arrives.
Prince of Ternata’r Vifit. Dutch Infolcnce :
Flandjomely checked. Arts to hinder Trade. Their
This Place was always written thus in Pur chefs.
Cspera!
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
General baulked. Englilh leave Pelebere. More
473
Cloves procured. If and Tidor. Spanifh Fort there.
Boat comes on board. Englifh defire Leave to
trade ; which is promifed.
TH E feventh, in the Morning, they left
this Road of Amafan , and, by Direction
of their new Pilots, fteered Weft, and Weft by
North for the Ifland Machian , leaving two Illands
(which lie four or five Miles from the Place where
they laft anchored) on their Larboard -Side ;
Depth twenty-two, thirty, and forty Fathoms
two Cables Length off tlie Ifland.
’rriviat The tenth, they had Sight of Machian, be-
tachun. an high COpe(j Ifland, bearing North Eafterly
off the Ifland Tidor ; which openeth like a Sugar-
Loaf on the Weft-Side, but not fo high Land as
Machian. It is Ihut into the Point of the Weft-
Side of the outwardmoft Iflands of the three that
lie in the going-out, two of them being with¬
out the Narrow or Streight, and the third makes
the Streights. There are more Iflands on the
Eaft-Side, but the Current fetting to the South¬
wards, they came to an Anchor in twenty-three
Fathoms a Mile off the little Ifland in the Streights
Mouth : TheDiftance from the Streights of Na-
■morat , to this Paflage, is five Leagues ; and from ’
the Road of Amafan , where the Flemmijh Fort
ftandeth, fourteen Leagues.
The eleventh, in the Morning, they weighed,
the Wind at South South-Eaft, and the Current
fetting to the Northward, paffed the Streights,
having bad twenty-nine and thirty-four Fa¬
thoms at going-out. Tacking to the Weft, they
had Sight of Geylolo, being a long Land, with
many Iflands to the Eaftward, and Eaft South-
Eaft. The Point of Old Bachian lay to the North¬
ward of the Streights about three or four Leagues,
and they left four Iflands on the Starboard-Side.
The Ifland, which forms the Streights on that
■mlliBa- Side, is called Tavalli Bachan ; and a little with-
an. out the fmall Ifland, which lieth in the Streights,
Handing to the Northwards, they opened ano¬
ther Ifland to the Weft, called famata , with a
Rock, like a Sail, a good Diftance off the Point
of it. Here they anchored in forty-three Fa¬
thom, a Mile off Shore, at an Ifland called Ta¬
valli, three Leagues from the Streights, bearing
North-Weft, and within half a Mile of a Shoal,
which lieth on the Southern Point, and reacheth
over to the South Part of Bachian.
Here they ftayed all the twelfth Day for Kay
Malladaia , this being the Place where he ap¬
pointed to meet them. They iound Plenty of
Wood upon it, but no Water.
The thirteenth, the Coopers provided them- 1613.
felves with Rattans ; which make excellent Hoops Saris,
for Water-Calk, and are here of all Sizes in great -v—
Abundance.
The fourteenth, as Kay Malladaia did not Difippuinted
come, being (as his Servants fuppofed) hindred^ Jradt'
by the Flemmings , who had a Sufpicion upon fee¬
ing them venture through this Paflage. They fet
fail, and plied up For Machian, which is ten
Leagues fiom Tavalli ; the Northern Point of
which, and the Northern Point of Lattetatte ,
(from whence they fet fail *) bore Weft by North,
and Eaft by South of each other, fix Leagues
diftant : And the Northern End of Tavalli, and
the Body of Grochie, the great Ifland, lie North-
Weft four Leagues; and North North-Weft from Grochie
Grochie , there are four or five fmall Iflands which IJlarid‘
cover the Main of the great Ifland, and are dif¬
tant from it five Leagues Northward : There arc
likewife many IflandsNorth-Eaft by North, called
Motere . The Sound lies clear of all the Iflands
between Bachian and Geylolo (alias Batta China b)
South-Eaft and North- Weft, and is very broad,
but hath Iflands on the Starboard-Side as you go
to the Northwards. The Channel between Ba+
chian , Machian, Tidore, and Ternata, lieth North
by Weft, and South by Eaft, and is fix Leagues
over in the narroweft Part.
The fifteenth, in the Morning, they pafled
between Batta China and Kaia , the Current fet¬
ting to the Southwards : Latitude feventeen Mi¬
nutes ; Variation four Degrees fifty-eight Mi¬
nutes North-Eaft. Machian is not truly placed
in the Charts, for there the Equino&ial cuts it in
the Middle ; whereas they found it to ftand five
Leagues more Northerly.
The fixteenth, in the Morning, they were
fair by the Ifland of Kaia , and had Sight of a
Sail to the Northwards ; which, by a Fifherman,
they underftood to be a Flemming, bound from
Machian to Tidore with Sago, which is a Root
whereof the Natives make their Bread.
The feventeenth, in the Morning, they wer eCcmeto
near a Fort of the Flemmings, called Tabolola, thePc^eb*re*
Current fetting to the Northwards. They came
to an Anchor, at four in the Afternoon, in tire
Road of Pelebere c, near Tahanne, in fifty Fa¬
thom, within Call of the Shore ; having one
Point of the Land South South-Weft two Miles
off, and another North-Eaft by North a Mile
and an half off, and the Ifland Kaia five Leagues
off. This Night a fmall Quantity of Cloves was
brought aboard, the Price fet at fixty Ryals the
Bahar of two hundred Kattis, each Katti three
Pound five Avoirdupois. I he General received
3 Here is fome Omiflion, which renders this Paflage fcarce intelligible,
of it towards the Eaft. c Elfewhere called Velabry.
Vol. I. N° 23, Ppp
* Bata Cheka is rather a Part
a
474 v 0 YAGES of the Engl]
1613. a Letter from the Kay Malladaia , from Bachian , "<
Saris, excufing his Stay, with Promife, that he fhortly
t/W would be with him ; and informing him in the mean
Time, he had written to the People, to help him
with all the Cloves they could.
<Tbt Dutch The eighteenth, a Saniaka came aboard, and
nettled, made great Promifes of Kindnefs. Two Hollan¬
ders came with him, being very inquifitive to
know, who directed the Englifo to this Road :
Saying, that it muft needs be one of the Natives ;
and, that if they knew him, they would cut him
in Pieces before their Faces: Alledging, that they
injured the Hollanders in coming hither, this be¬
ing their Country, as having conquered it by the
Sword. But they were fent back to their Forts,
to tell their Captains, that if they wanted any
Thing that the Englijh could fpare, they fhould
have it at a reafonable Price, before all others, be-
caufe they acknowledged them their Neighbours,
and Brethren in Religion : But knew not of any
Property they had in this Country more than the
Enghjh ; and therefore would ride there, and
trade with whomfoever pleafed to come aboard.
So the Hollanders went off, threatning the Natives,
who were then aboard, that if any brought Cloves
aboard the Englijh , they would put them to
death. However, they made light of their Threats,
faying, they held the Englijh their Friends, and
would come aboard them. They bought this
Day three hundred Kattis of Cloves for Kambaya
Cloth, and fome for ready Money.
Tbeir Officers The nineteenth, the two Flemmings came a-
frubbed, board again, and began to note down in their
Table Books, the Names of the Natives, that
came aboard : Whereupon, the Captain ordered
the Boatfwain to turn them out of the Ship, and
command them to come no more aboard. Seve¬
ral of the Ship’s Company were fent to take a
Walk afhore, to fee what Entertainment the
People would give them. They went up to the
Towns of Tahanne, and Pelebere, and were treat¬
ed in a very friendly Manner. The Inhabitants
told them, that the Flemmings had wrought fo up¬
on Kay Chilli Sadang , the King of Ternata’s Son,
who was newly come, that he had forbidden them
to fell the Englijh any more Cloves upon Pain of
Death, otherwife they fhould have had them be¬
fore the Flemmings ; who, they faid, greatly op-
preffed them. Towards Night, the Prince paf-
fing by the Ship in his Kurrakurra , the General
fent his Pinnace, well fitted, with a fair Turky
Carpet, and Crimfon Silk, and Gold Curtains,
entreating him to come aboard, which he took
kindly ; but excufed it then, promifing to make
a Vifit next Morning.
Send fir two The twenty-firft, an Oran Kay a came aboard.
Ships. and told them, that a Kurrakurra of the Flem¬
mings had fearched three or four Praws or Ca-
jioas, coming aboard the Englijh with Cloves,
s h to ihe East Indies.
which they had taken from them, threatning 161?,
Death for the next Offence; and, that upon the Saris.
Englijh coming thither, they had difmantled their'—
Ports, and placed their own People round about
the Illand, to hinder the Natives from bringing
them any more Spice : Likewife, that they had
fent a Kurrakurra to Tidor , for two great Ships
of theirs to come hither, and ride by the Englijh ,
the one a-head, the other a-ftern, in order to
beat them out of the Road, without allowing
them either to trade, or refrefh.
The twenty- fecond, they perceived one of the Ore arrives .
Flemmijh Ships coming about the Point, whofe
Appearance fpoiled their Trade : For it ftruck a
Terror into the Natives, who now waited to fee
what would become of the Englijh ; the Flem¬
mings having given-out afhore, that they fhould
fee them run out of the Road, at Sight of one of
their Ships. This Ship was the Red-Lion , a Vef-
fel of thirty Guns, and anchored a-ftern of them.
The General this Day, received a Prefent from
Kay Malladaia.
The twenty-fourth, the Prince of Ternata ,
Kay Chilli Sadang , fent to tell the Captain, that he
would make him a Vifit ; fo all Things were fitted
in the beft Manner for his Entertainment. He came prim of
attended with feveral Kurrakurras , and rowed Ternata Y
thrice round about the Ship, before he entered. v'hlU
At his boarding of them, they difeharged five
Pieces. The General brought him to hisCabbin,
where he had prepared a Banquet, fit to have been
fet before the King of Ternata himfelf ; with a
very good Concert of Mufic, which much de¬
lighted him. He promifed to grant the People
Licenfe, to bring Cloves aboard, and defired him
to have Patience only for a Day or two, that he
might have Advice from his Brother, then at
Tidor. The General made him feveral Prefents,
and ordered feven Guns to be fhot off, for his
Farewel.
: The twenty-fifth, in the Morning, a Kurra- Dutch hfr
kurra of the Flemmings , came rowing to the Ship, levee,
fcofiing, and finging a Song, which they had
made in Derilion of the Englijh. They alfo
rowed over the Ship’s Can-Bodies feveral Times,
endeavouring to fink them. Wherefore the Ge-
* neral got the Pinnace well fitted, and gave Order,
to run aboard and fink them, if they offered tine
like Infults again. Accordingly, upon their com¬
ing again, fcofHng and finging as before, the Pin-
f nace ran aboard them with fuch a Surge, that the
Water came through the Sides of the Kurra¬
kurra: There were in her, two of the Captains
of their Forts, well prepared with Shot and Darts:
The Englijh were as well provided, and had two
good Fowlers in the Skiff’s Head. They lay a HauJfim^p
good while aboard her; and bid them take this
for a Warning, and leave off their Scoffing, or
elfe they would teach them better Manners the
next
Voyages of the English to the EastIndies.
47 S
next Time, and then they returned, after the.
Saris, others had promifed to do fo no more.
i/Y’NJ Towards Evening, the Flemmings fent one
of their Merchants aboard, with a Writing
from their Doctor in Law ; being, as the Englijh
were informed, Chief amongft them, in Abfence
of But a, or Block , who came out of Holland
Commodore-General of eleven Sail. The Pur¬
port whereof was, to let the General know, that
all the Inhabitants of the Molukkas , had made a
perpetual Contrail with them for all their Cloves,
at fifty Ryals of Eight the Bahar, of two hun¬
dred Kattis ; in regard of their Services in deliver¬
ing them from their Slavery to the Spaniards ,
which was not effected without great Expence of
Blood andTreafure; defiring him not to injure
them fo far as to draw the People from their O-
bedience. He infilled, (as before had been) that
the Country was their own, as conquered by the
Sword ; urging withal, that they had advanced a
great Sum of Money to the Natives, which was
to be paid in Cloves. Anfwer was returned, that
he would not interfere with their Bufmefs; his
Coming being only to trade with fuch as defired
to trade with them, and fo difmilTed him.
Unto bin- The twenty-feventh, the Flemmings forced
■r fradt. the Prince to lie with his Kurrakurra a-ftern, to
hinder any Thing from being brought aboard the
Englijlo: And accordingly, in Sight of them, he
commanded a Canoa aboard him, which was
coming to them, as they thought, with Spice.
Towards Night, two of the Natives brought them
fome Refrefhment.
The twenty-eighth, the Prince, in Refpedl
to them, removed, and went about a Point far¬
ther off, which much chagrined the Flemmings,
In the Afternoon, with the Skiff well manned,
the General went to fee if he could deal with the
Prince for a Parcel of Cloves ; but found him
Mr Gene. gone t0 the Weft Side. Captain Block, feeing
}/ baulked, the Skiff gone into the Bay, followed with his
Kurrakurra , and offered to land where he was,
but he drove him off : Which the Natives feeing,
leveral of the better Sort came down to them,
protefting great Kindnefs and Affection towards
them ; and fent for Cocoas, and other Fruits,
and bellowed them upon the Gang.
The thirtieth, the Flemmings brought the
Prince to ride by them in his firft Station ; and,
towards Evening, another Flemijh Ship came-in,
called. The Moon , a good Veffel, carrying thirty-
two Guns ; but not above fifty Men. She came
to an Anchor, fo near a-head of the Englijh , that
they could fcarce wind clear one of another. The
Prince fent to them to excufe his coming back:
But now they perceived, he durft not difpleafe
the Flemmings. The thirty-firft, feveral Bicker-
a ings, and Squabbles, palled betwixt the Flemmings 1613.
and Englijh. Saris.
Th e firft of April , 1613, the Flemmings brought
an hundred and twenty of their Men alhore, who.
Morning and Evening, fet and difcharged the
Watch, with Drum, Fife, and Colours. This
Force they had gathered out of their Forts and
Ships.
The fecond, the General feeing no more Hope Leave Pele-
of Lading, and that Kay Malladaia came notac-bcre.
b cording to Promife, gave Order to get Water
filled, and make ready to fail with the firft fair
Wind. At Noon, taking Obfervation, they
found this Road of Pelebere a to Hand in twen¬
ty-fix Minutes North Latitude. Variation three
Degrees twenty-eight : The higheft Land in the
Ifland, Machian bearing Weft North- Weft, half
Weft.
The fifth, they weighed Anchor, and the
Current fetting to the Southward, drove to Sea,
c under their Forefail, and a-head the Moon , the
larger Ship of the Flemmijh , who made a fair Shot
under their Stern; which they prefently anfwer-
ed clofe a-head his Admiral, expedling further,
but heard no more of them. At Noon, they both
weighed, and followed the Englijh-, but theWind
at South-Weft, had put them fo far to Wind¬
ward, that the Natives came aboard with Cloves
for a Time, as fall as they could weigh ;
the Flemmings not being able to hinder them,
d There came likewife an Oran Kaya aboard, who
promifed them a good Parcel of Cloves, if they
would come nearer the Shore in the Morning.
The lixth, about fifty Kattis of Cloves were Mere Clove*
brought aboard in feveral Canoas. Towards/>«cw^,
Evening, the General Handing nearer the Shore
on this Occafion, than otherwife he would have
done, faw a Signal from Shore : Whereupon he
fent the Skiff to fpeak with the Oran Kaya, who
faid, the Cloves were ready, and, in the Dark,
e (hould be broygbt aboard : But pi efently a Kurra¬
kurra of the Flemmings palling by, put him into
fuch a Fright, that though they promifed to guard
him, he durft not venture aboard ; fo they re¬
turned. The feventh, in the Morning, they
were thwart of Mutiere, being diftant from the
Weftern Point of Machian , four Leagues North
by Eaft, half Eaft; North three Leagues, oft'
which, lies the Bland Marro ; and two Leagues
from that, Tidbr. There is Paffage between IjUrJ Ti-
£ thefe Blands, or on any Side of them, without d“r*
Danger. They had Sight of the two Flemmings to
the Southward, plying after them. Latitude this
Day, thirty-fiveMinutesNorth. The eighth they
opened the Eaft Point of Tidbr , and the Weft Point
of Bachian , which lie one from theother, North and
South ; the Body of Marro bearing Weft Sauth-
* Before called, de Bot .
See p. 441. b.
Ppp 2
b Hare called, Velabry,
Weft,
476 Voyages of the Engli
1613. Weft, half South •, and the Weft Part of Tidor ,
Sari?, Weft by North. They faw in the fair Way, a
Shoal, {Fetching North-Eaft, and South-
Weft, between Alarm, and Batta China . It
ihewd whitilh at High-water, lying then even
with the Surface: But at Low-water, it is dry,
(the Tide ebbing fix Foot, fetting fix Hours to
rhe Northward, and fix to the Southward) to
liecr clear of this Shoal ; keep clofe to the Side,
where there is deepWater quite to the Shore.
fcpan:i7'. Port The Spanijh Fort is on the Eaft Side of this
'k're' ‘Ifland : Here it falling fuddenly calm, a great Sea
fet them into the Shore. Whereupon, the Fort
made a Shot at them, but defigned fhort j which
they anfwered with one to Sea. Then the Fort
made two more, intending to ftrike them, one
between the Mizen-maft and Enfign-ftaff, the
other betwixt the Main-maft and Fore-maft : Af¬
ter which, they fhot a Piece from the Top, with¬
out (harp ; the Englijh anfwering the laft without
Shot likewife. Presently the Boat was fent off
with a Flag of Truce. At putting off the Boat,
they fhot two Chace-pieces without fharp ; and
the Englijh finding no Ground to come to an An¬
chor, they came and took a-faft a-ftern their Ship :
There were two Spaniards in her. Soldiers of
good Rank, (known to Hernando the Spaniard ,
whom the Englijh took with them from Bantam )
fent from the Captain-General Don Fernando By-
feere , to know of what Nation they were, what
their Bufinefs, and why they came not to an An¬
chor under the King’s Fort ? The General de-
fired them to come aboard : But they faid, they
Seat comet were commanded to the contrary. Upon which,
he ordered Wine and Bread to be let down to
them, which they fell to luftily ; and though it
rained very hard, yet would not enter the Ship.
He returned forAnfwer, that they were Subjedts
of the King of Great Britain , as by their Colours
they might well difeern ; came as Friends to
Spain , and would caft Anchor a little farther a-
head, where, if Don Fernando pleafed to come
aboard, he fliould be welcome. The Spaniards
faid, that as to their Colours, the Flemmijh had often
palled by Scot-free, by fhewing the like, which
was the Reafon of their fhooting the fecondTime
without fharp ; and fo returned contented. Sud¬
denly there fprung a Gale, fo that they flood a-
long the Shore. The Captain- General fent off
the Pilot-Major of the Galleys, Francifco Gomes ,
a Man of good Prefence, to bid them welcome ;
and bring them into the beft Anchoring-place un¬
der the Fort, or any where elfe about the Ifland.
Being dark, he brought them to a Place, about a
League and an half off the Fort, where, he faid,
no Shot could reach them. He entreated, after
Supper, to be fet afhore ; faying, the Captain-
General would difpatch away Letters to Ternate ,
aboard.
s h to East Indies!
a to the Mafter de Gampo , Don Geronimo de Sylva , for iSvi
Refolution of all Points, and fo departed. SatisT
The ninth, in the Morning before Day, find- v~
ing that they were within Command of eight
Pieces of Ordnance, they got up the Anchor, ™ *
and removed a League farther to the Southward,
riding in thirty-five Fathom. Gomes the Pilot,
coming aboard again, with two Spaniards more
of good Fafhion, they were made heartily wel¬
come, and lay aboard that Night. They brought
b with them a Prefent of Eatables from their Com¬
mander; and the General returned the like, with
Tender of all Friendfhip and Afliftance, that in
him lay, to fupply his Wants ; offering to ac¬
cept of Cloves in Payment, and defiring a fpeedy
A nfwer, fince he could not ftay long there. The two
Flemmijh Ships plied, as if they would have come
to an Anchor by them: But afterwards, went
and rid at their new Fort Marieko a.
The tenth, the Captain-General fent to defire Which h
c them to ftay ; and promifed to make them a Vifit/‘rMK,M
next Morning, with a Serjeant-Major of Ternata ,
who was arrived with a Letter from the Mafter
de Campo , giving them Leave to trade with them
for feveral Commodities : Wherefore they refolv-
ed to ftay a while longer,
SECT. VII.
Prince of Ternata, and King of Geylolo, fain.
j State of the Molukko Ifands, Ruined by Civil
Wars. Trade by Barter. They leave Tidor.
Dutch Fort at Marieko. If and Doy. Good
Refrejhing. Leave the Molukkos. Pleafant
and fruitful Ifands. If and Ufzedeke. Nan-
gafaki, and Streights of Arima.
TH E eleventh, they expected the Captain-
General, according toPromife; and hear¬
ing nine Pieces of Ordnance difeharged from the
Fort, provided for them, thinking they were
e coming : But it proved to be for the Arrival of
the Prince of Tidor , who was juft returned from
the Wars, with the Heads of an hundred Terna-
tans ; his Force being only fixtv fmall Shot, twro
Brafs Bafes, and three or four Fowlers : He had
overthrown Kay Chilly Sadang , the King of Ter-
nata’s Son, whom the Flemmings had forced over 'The Prim
from Ternata to Machian , to keep the Iflanders °/Ternat
from felling Cloves to the Englijh. The King of
Tidor' sSon lying inWait forthemon theirReturn
f to Ternata , fent out two fmallPraws to fifh in their
Way, whom the Ternatans fpying, prefently gave
Chace to. The Filherman eaiily retiring, the
other eagerly purfued ; and fell, by this Means,
into the Enemies Hands, who fpared not a Man
of an hundred and fixty. The Prince of Ter¬
nata himfelf, having been one of the Number ;
whofe Head, the Conqueror brought to his Wife,
f In Purcbas here, Maracco; afterward Mari ecu, and Marieko, which laft feems the true Reading.
that
cm.
Voyages of the Engli
1613. thatPrince’sSifter. At their firftEncounter, a Bar- a
Satis, rel of Powder, which the Prince had bought of the
Englijh at Machian , happened to take fire, which
occafionedConfufion, and Lofs of them all. With
the Prince were (lain, one of his younger Bro-
hith Bothers, and the King of Geylolo. Towards Even-
f Gtylolo ing, the Serjeant-Major, and Secretary of State of
Ternata, came aboard them with the fame Com¬
pliments, that the Tidorian Officer made ; defiring
them to come thither, and they would procure
them all the Cloves they could: To which the h
General confented j the rather, becaufe it was in
their Way.
The twelfth, the Prince of Tidor fent to the
General, to excufe his not having yet vifited him,
and to acquaint him, that he had Store of Cloves,
which he defigned for him. The Captain thank¬
ed him, and defired fpeedy Difpatch. They pro-
mifed to be aboard again before Day ; whereupon,
for Fear of any Treachery, they kept double
Watch, Match in Cock, and all Things in c
Readinefs. T his ‘Tidorian Prince, being a very
refolute and brave Soldier, having performed
many defperate Exploits againft the Flemmings ;
and not long before furprized one of their Ships,
(being a Man of War) then riding not far from
this Place. Near Day-break, a Galley (which
the Spaniards told them they expected) came over
from Batta China , and was near the Engli ft) in
the Dark, before they were aware. Haling her,
they anfwered, Spaniards, and your Friends, and d
made to the Shore w'ith all Speed. She was but
fmall, fourteen Oars of a Side. Latitude fifty
Minutes North.
Throughout the Molukko Iflands, a Bahar
of Cloves weighs two hundred Kattis of that
Country, every Katti three Pound five Ounces
Averdupois, futtle : So that the Bahar is fix hun¬
dred fixty-two Pound eight Ounces: for which
the Flemmings , by their perpetual Contract, (as
they term it) give fifty Ryals of Eight. But the e
General, for greater Difpatch, agreed to pay fix-
ty Ryals the Bahar: Which Increafe of Price
made the Natives fo forward to furnifn him, that
had they not been over-awed by the Flemmings, who
imprifoned,and threatned them with Death, as well
as kept Watch and Guards along the SeaCoall, he
had, in one Month, procured his full Lading.
Most of thefe Iflands produce Plenty of Cloves:
But thole of Note, that are inhabited, yield, one
Year with another, three thoufand nine hundred
feventy-five Bahars, viz. Ternata , one thoufand •,
Machian , one thoufand and ninety ; Tidor , nine
hundred; Bachian , three hundred; Moth, fix
hundred; Aleau, fifty; Batta China, thirty-five.
„ I t is remarkable, that every third \ ear is far
wlWats. more fruitful than either of the two former, and
called The Great Monfon, But the Natives had
rate tf tbe
'toiuidcot.
f
h ir ed hy
S H to the East Indies.
been fo wafted by the Civil Wars, that a great
Quantity of the Cloves perifhed, and rotted upon
the Ground, for Want of Hands to gather them;
Nor was there any Likelihood of Peace, (in the
Author’s Opinion) till one of the Parties fliould
be quite rooted out..
I t was lamentable to behold the Ruin that had
been brought upon the Iflands by thofe Warsj
the following Account of whofe Rife and Pro-
grefs, he learned upon the Spot : The Portugueze ,
at their firft Difcovery of them, finding fierce
Wars betwixt the Kings of Ternata , and Tidor (to
one or other of whom, the reft of the Iflands are
either Subje&s, or Confederates) for the better
fettling of themfelves, took Part with neither, but
carrying it politically, kept in with both ; and,
in the mean Time,' fortified themfelves upon both
Iflands, where they feized the whole Trade of
Cloves into their own Hands. This they kept till
the Year 1605, when the Flemmings , by Force,
difpoflefled them, and fettled themfelves : But in
fo weak a Manner, that next Year the Spaniards,
(who, whilft the Portugueze remained on thofe
Iflands, were ordered both by the Pope, and King
of Spain , not to meddle with them) came from
the Philippinas , drove the Flemmings out of both,
took the King of Ternata Prifoner, fent him to
the Philippinas , and kept Ternata , and Tidor, un¬
der their Command. The Flemmings , after that,
got Footing there again, and had built the
following Forts, viz.
Upon the Ifland Ternata , they have three Dutch
Forts: ' Malay on, which is defended with three
Bulwarks, and is walled round ; Tolouko , with
two Bulwarks, and a round F owe r walled about ;
and Ta koine, which hath four Bulwarks, and is ■
walled.
Upon the Ifland Tidor, they have one called'
Merieko , which hath four Bulwarks,
Upon the Ifland Machian , they have, Firft, at'
Tafafoa , (the chief Town of the Ifland) four great ■
Bulwarks, walled about, fixteen Pieces of Ord¬
nance, eighty Dutch Soldiers, and about a thoufana
Inhabitants of the Natives. Secondly, at Nefokia,
two Forts walled about, which command the -
Town ; and another upon the Top of a high Hill,
commanding the Road on the otner Side . With
five or fix Pieces of Ordnance, and thirty Soldiers
in all. Laftly, at Tabalola, two Forts walled,
and mounted with eight Pieces of Ordnance,
which alfo command the Town. At this Place,
which is very ftrongly fituated by Nature, there •
are ten Dutch Soldiers.
The Natives of Nefokia , by Report, are no Marian
♦rood Soldiers ; but always take Part, as near as*™** ani
they can guefs, with the ftrongeft. However,
thole of Tabalola , who formerly came from Kayoa, -
are accounted the beft Soldiers in all the Molukko-
Iflands, -
8
l6lQ.
Sirs.
V o y a g e s of the E n g l i s .h to the East Indii
s.
Trade by
Barter,
They leant
Tidor.
Enemies to
are as wear y
Datch Fcrt
ft Marik Ico. Qf them>
fuppofed,
Iflands. They were before mortal
the Spaniards and Pcrtugueze , and
now of the Flemmings.
This Ifland Machian is the richefl in Cloves
of all the Molukka Iflands } and, according to the
general Report of the Inhabitants, yieldeth, in
the Year of the Great Monfon , above eighteen
hundred Bahars of Cloves.
Lastly, Upon the Ifland of Bachian , the
Flemmings have one great Fort, and four Bul¬
warks upon Motir.
The W ay of Trade here, for the mod Part, is
by bartering Cotton, Cloth of Kambaya , and Koro-
mandcl for Cloves. As to the Sorts in Requed
and Prices, they found as follows : Kandakins of
Barocbie , fix Katis of Cloves ; Kandakins Pa-
pang , or flat, three Kattis ; Selas , or fmall Baf-
tas , feven and eight ; Patta chere Malaga, fix-
teen ; Dragamchcre Malaya, fixteen; five Kojfas,
twelve ; Courfe of that Kind, eight ; Betellias ,
or Tankoulos red, forty-four and forty-eight ; Sa-
rajpis chere Malaya , forty-eight and fifty ; Sa¬
ra mpouri, thirty ; Chellcs , Tapfiels , and Mata-
fons, twenty and twenty-four ; white Kaffas, or
Tankoulos , forty and forty-four ; Dongerijus , the
fined, twelve ; Coarfe of that Kind, eight and
ten ; Ponti Kajlella , ten ; Ballachios , the fined,
thirty ; Patta chere Mallayo , of two Fathoms,
eight and ten ; great Potas, or long four Fa¬
thom, fixteen ; Parkellas , white, twelve ; Sala-
los ham , twelve and fourteen ; Turias , and Tappe
Turias , one and two ; Patola , of two Fathoms,
fifty and fixty ; thofe of four and one Fathom,
accordingly. Rice twenty-eight Pound a Ryal of
Eight ; Sagu, which is a Root, as above-men¬
tioned, whereof the Natives make their Bread,
and is the chief Food through the whole Coun¬
try ; it is fold in Bunches, and was worth a quar¬
ter of a Ryal a Bunch. Velvets, Sattins, Taf-
fatas, and other Studs of Chinefe Silks, are in
good Requed here.
The thirteenth, they weighed, with a Cur¬
rent fetting out of the Southward : The Fort gave
them five Pieces at palling, which they returned.
Several Spaniards came aboard them with Com¬
pliments, and among them the Prince of Tidore’s
Officer, who faid, that if they had dayed but twenty-
four^Hours longer, they Ihould have had good Store
of Cloves ; but they rather thought fome Trea¬
chery was intended by their Galleys, Frigats, and
Kurrakurras. Coming about the Wed Point
of Tidor , they faw four Flemmifh Ships riding be¬
fore thebort of Marieko ; one of which, at Sight
fhot off a Piece of Ordnance, as they
to call their People aboard to follow
them. They deered diredfly with the Fort of
Temata , and coming near it, fhortned, failing by
the Lee, and fliot off a Piece towards the Town
It is alfo called the Cabbage-Tree from hence.
without fharp ; which was prefently anfwered,
and a Soldier of good Fafhion fent off, but to as
little Purpofe as at Tidor.
The fourteenth, fifteenth, fixteenth, and fe-
venteenth, they made little Way, the Monfon be¬
ing againd them.
The eighteenth, they refolved to go for the
Ifland Sayem, which they had Sight of the Day
before, and lay to Wedward for Refrefhment,
till the Monfon would permit them to proceed :
But indantly the Wind coming to the Wed, they
dood North, and North by Ead.
The twentieth, in the Afternoon, theydood-
in with a great Land, called Doy, intending t»
refrefh there.
T he twenty-fird, in the Morning, they were jp ^ ^
fair before the faid Ifland, near the Northern
Point of it, which is low, dretching to the
Southwards. They dood in Ead by South ; and,
at Noon, the Skiff was fent out to fearch for a
convenient Place to ride in: But the Current fet fo
drong to the Eadward, (as it had done ever iince
they left Tidor ) that they could not get a-head ;
only difeovered a very large Bay, with a great
Shoal lying od the Northern Point half a League
into the Sea. They had fixty Fathom two Miles off
the Shore, fandy Ground.
The twenty-fecond, after Sun-fet, they came
to an Anchor in the Bay in twenty-four Fathoms,
having had (danding-in) fifty-fix, thirty-five,
twenty-fix, and twenty-four Fathoms.
The twenty-third, the Skiff was fent to feek
a convenient Place to water in ; and to pitch a
Tent for the Company to defend them from
the Rain. They found fuch a Place right over-
againd the Ship, together with -a great Track of
Deers and Hogs. The Country was full of Trees, Gccj Re.
as Cokers, Penang, Serie, and Palmitas. There frejhwg'
was alfo abundance of Fowl, Pheafants, and
Woodcocks ; but they had no Sight of any Inha¬
bitants. 1 he Genera], with the Merchants, went
afhore, wffiere the Carpenters fet up a Tent, and
made flat Pits very artificially to catch the Hogs
in. Some Fifli they took amongd the Rocks,
but not without a great deal of Pains : As alfo
one Pheafant, and two Wood-Pigeons, very large
bodied like Hens, Some of the Company dayed
all Night afhore to watch the Coming of the
Hogs to the Trap.
The twenty-fourth, they faw very large Hogs,
but caught none. This Day, about half an Hour
after feven in the Morning, there was an Eclipfe
of the Moon, which laded three Hours and an
half ; which, it feems, appeared very terrible to
th eEngli/b. The twenty-fifth, their People brought
to the Ship many Cokers, fome Fowls, and Heads
of Palmha a Trees j which boiled, are as good
as Cabbage. The twenty-eighth, twenty-ninth.
1
and
Voyages of the Englu
\Sl2. ar|d thirtieth were fpent in laying in Wood and a
Saris. Water.
The firft of May , 1613, the Skiff was fen t
to found to the Weft Point into the Bay, and
found very deep Water ; where, landing, they
met with the Ruins of Houfes, and fome Brafs
Pans: So that they were of Opinion, that the
Place had been lately inhabited, and the People,
by Wars, hunted from their Home.
\dvttbe The twelfth, they fet fail from Doyy being
pukkos, the North Eaftmoft Ifland of Batta China , or b
Geyldo , in the Molukkos : Latitude two Degrees
thirty-five Minutes North ; Variation five De¬
grees twenty Minutes Eaft, being, at Noon, four¬
teen Leagues North by Eaft off the Place where
they anchored ; from which they took their De¬
parture for Japan , being feventy-one Perfons a-
board.
From the Time they left Day, to the fecond
of June , they had ran, by Computation, three
hundred and five Leagues North, Eafterly. This c
Day they thought to have feen, about eight in
the Morning, the Iflands dos Reys Magos, but did
not : Latitude, at Noon, twenty-five Degrees
forty-four Minutes. About four o’Clock, in the
Afternoon, they made Land, being a very low
Ifland, bearing North- Weft about three Leagues
off : Wind South-Eaft by Eaft ; and bringing it
North North-Eaft, they had Sight of the high
Land over the low Land : There being ten or
eleven little Iflands which range themfelves North- d
Eaft and South-Weft, reaching over from one
to the other, fo that they could difcern no Paf-
fage Weftward. At Night they tacked off, and
fleered Eaft.
The third, they ftood-in for Land, being an
high Ifland, bearing North-Weft, which feemed
fitful to be as pleafant and fruitful as any they had feen
W. fince they left England: It was like wife well peo¬
pled, and had Plenty of Cattle. Plere they pro-
pofed to have come to an Anchor about the e
North-Eaft Point, where they had fixty Fathom ;
and perceiving two Boats coming off to them,
ufed all the Means they could to fpeak with them :
Being defirous of a Pilot, and to know the Name
of the Ifland, the better to be allured where they
were : But the Wind blew fo ftrong, that they
could not get in. Upon which, they ftood away
North-Weft ; and having Sight of another Ifland
to the Weft North-Weft, fteered with it, and
from thence faw another bearing North-Eaft, half {
a Point Eaft, about feven or eight Leagues off: And
coming under the Weftermoft Ifland, they dif-
cerned certain Rocks that lay two Miles from
the Shore, one above Water, but the Nor-ther-
moft was funken, and lay a great W ay without the
; h to the East Indies. 479
other, with Breakers upon it. Then the Land 1613.
fell away to the Southwards round ; and near Saris.'
the Point, they opened a fteep Rock, that lay ■ -v~— ^
upon the Weft-Side of the Ifland, refembling
Charing-Crofs : Then they fteered North-Weft,
a Current fetting to the Southward. At four
o’Clock, the Ifland lay North- Weft about feven
Leagues off.
The feventh, they fuppofed themfelves to be
off Tonan twenty-eight or thirty Leagues. Next
Morning, they had Sight of an high round Ifland,
bearing Eaft fix Leagues off, with divers other
Iflands, rifing in fix or feven Parts, bearing Weft
five or fix Leagues off : Having ran, fince the
third, from the laft Land, they law, by Compu¬
tation, fifty-one Leagues North North - Eaft.
Then they hauled over North-Weft, with four
other little Iflands, being barren, and many piked
Rocks. Then fleering North by Eaft, about
three o’Clock, they had Sight of an Ifland, with
three Hills like three round Sugar-Loaves, bear¬
ing Eaft by South five Leagues off. At five o’Clock, IjUnd Uui-
they had Sight of an Ifland % rifing in two Parts, deke*
bearing North-Eaft: The Northern End being an
high, fteep, upright Point, the Land falling away
to the Eaftward North-Eaft ; and, at fix o’Clock,
the Body of it bore Eaft a League and an half
off.
The ninth, in the Morning, they had Sight
of Land b, bearing North North-Eaft, and fix
great Iflands on a Rank ; lying from the Ifland
[UJzidekei\ they deferied, the Night before, North-
Eaft and South-Weft : Having, at theNothermoft
End of them all, many fmall Rocks and Hum¬
mocks ; and in the Bay, to the Eaftward of the
Hummocks, they f2w the high Land of the
Ifland, called Xima c in the Charts, but by the
Natives, Mafnma. Amaxay& lieth Eaft by North,
and Weft by South, with many fmall Iflands
clofe upon it, having Rocks on the South-Side of
them ; and is diftant from [Ufzideke] the Ifland,
with the fteep Point above-mentioned, South
South-Weft, twelve Leagues.
The tenth, by Break of Day, the outward-
moft Land, to the Weftward, bore North by Eaft
ten Leagues off. At Nine, fleering North by
Weft, they had Sight of two Hummocks with¬
out the Point : Then they fteered North North-
Weft, and foon after came four great Fiiher-boats
aboard, Burthen about five Tons a-piece. They
failed with one Sail, which ftood like a Skiff-Sail,
and fkullcd with four Oars on a Side 5 their Oars
refting upon a Pin let into the Poize-Point of
them. They rowed Handing, and much fafter
than the English. They were now before the
Entrance of Nangafah.i , bearing North North- Nangafakb
* This feems to be UJzideke, hereafter mentioned. b This feems to be Lcgue, or Am ax ay ^ mentioned
a little lower. c Rather, SAima, d Rather, Amajbay*.
Eaftt
(Strriglts of
Anaui
Arrive at
firando.
Vifittd by
tie King,
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
Eaft ; and the Streights of Arima , made by the a Nephew, or Grand-child, who governed under 1612
Ifland Ufzideke (on which the high Hill, they faw him, about twenty-two; and each of them had Sari*(
an Officer with him, who had Command
the Day before, is fituate) North-Eaft by North.
At the Northermoft End [of the Streights] is
good Riding, and at the South-End is the En¬
trance into Cocbinoch. Their Courfe this Day was
North fix Leagues. They agreed with two of
the Matters of the Fifher-boats (who proved good
Sailors) for thirty Ryals of Eight a-piece in Mo¬
ney, and Rice for their Food, to pilot them into
Firando. They fleered North by Well, the Pi¬
lots reckoning them to be thirty Leagues off Fi¬
rando. One of the four Boats, which came a-
board, belonged to the Portuguese at Nangafaki 1 ;
her Crew were newly converted to Chriftianity.
They thought this had been the Alakau Ship ; but
finding the contrary, would not flay, making
Hafte back to give Advice of their Coming.
SECT. VIII. '
Arrive at Firando. Vifited by the King ; luho is
treated aboard. Vigilance of the Dutch. Vifited
by Noblemen ; the King and his Mijlreffes. Ja¬
pan Mufic. The General treated by the King.
Fakes a Houfe. Licenfed Bawdy- Houfes. Dutch
aJJ'ume the Name of Englifh. Duelling punijhed
over
their Slaves. Their Manner of faluting is thus :
Firft, in Prefence of him they are to falute, they
put off their Shoes, and then clapping their Right-
hand within their Left, put them down towards
their Knees ; and fo waving or moving them a
little to and fro, they ftep with fmall Steps, fide-
ling from the Party faluted, and cry, Augh,
Augh.
The General led them into his Cabbin, where wU'mn
he had prepared a Banquet, and a good Concert^
of Mufic, which much delighted them. They
bad him welcome, and prqmifed kind Entertain¬
ment. He delivered his Majefty’s Letter to the
King of Firando , wrho received it with great
Joy, but faid lie would not open it, till Ange
came to interpret it. This Ange (which, in their
Language, fignifies a Pilot) was one William
Adams , an Englifhman : Who, paffing with a Flem¬
ming through the South-Sea, by reafon of a Mu¬
tiny among the Mariners, remained in that Coun¬
try ; and was feized upon by the Emperor about
twelve Years before.
The King having {laid aboard about an Hour
and an half, took his Leave. He was no fooner
with Death. Prices of Commodities. King of afhore’ "but’ all his Nobility,' "attended’by VMul-
Goto comes to fee the Ship. Adulterers put to titude of Soldiers, entered the Ship. Every Man
Death : Aljo Kidnappers and Thieves. King
Foyne’r Humility. Mr. Adams arrives. Young
King's Governor executed. Prefents for the Em¬
peror.
THE eleventh of June , about three o’Clock
in the Afternoon, they came to an An¬
chor half a League fhort of Firando ; the Tide
being fo fpent, that they could not get further
in : Soon after which, the old King Foyne-Sama
“made them a Vifit, with his Nephew Tone-Sama ,
then Governor of the Ifland under the old King.
They were attended by forty Boats, or Galleys,
rowed fome with ten, fome with fifteen Oars of
aSide. When they drew near the Ship, the King
commanding all but the two, wherein himfelf
and his Nephew were, to fall a-ilern, they alone
entered the Ship, both dreffed in Silk Gowns, girt
about them ; with a Shirt, and a Pair of Breeches
of Flaxen Cloth next their Skin, but without
any Stockings. Each of them had two Kattans ,
or Swords of that Country by his Side ; the one
of half a Yard long, they other about a quarter.
They wore no Bands [or Cravats,] the fore Part
of their Heads was {haven to the Crown ; the
reft of their Hair, which was very long, being
tied up in a Knot behind ; They wore neither
Hat nor Turban, but went bare-headed. The
King was about feventy-two Years of Age ; His
a In Purchas here, Langafaque,
of Worth brought his Prefent with him; fome
Venifon, fome wild Fowl, fome wild Boar, the
largeft and fatteft that ever any of them had feen ;
fome Fruits, Filh, &c. They were mightily taken
up in admiring the Ship : But the Englijh being
crouded with the Number of thefe Viiitors, fent
to the King, defiling they might be removed, to
prevent Inconveniencies : Whereupon, he fent a
principal Man of his own Guard, with Charge
to remain, and lie aboard, to fee that no Injury
was offered them. He likewife ordered a Procla¬
mation to be made in the Town, to the fame
Effe£l.
The fame Night, Henrick Brower, Captain; vigilma
of the Dutch Factory there, came aboard, to vifit^< Dutct
the General ; or rather, to fee what palled, be¬
twixt the King and them. The fame Day, he
wrote to Mr. Adams , (who was then at Edoo b,
which is very near three hundred Leagues from
Firando ) to inform him of their Arrival. King
Foyne, fent the Letter next Day, by his Admiral,
to Ofakkay , the fir ft Port of Note upon the chief
Ifland ; after which, it went Poll up into the
Land to Edco : He likewife gave Notice to the
Emperor of his being there, and upon what Bu-
finefs he came.
Next Morning, there was brought aboard
abundance of Fim, which they bought very
4
By others, Yedo, and Jedo.
cheap,
Voyages of the English
1613. cheap. They weighed, and fetting fail for the ;
Saris. Road, the King fent, at lcaft, threefcore great
Boats or Galleys, very well manned, to carry
them into the Harbour. The General, a little
apprehenfive at the Sight of fuch a Force, was
going to fend off the Skiff to command them not
to come near the Ship : But the King, who was
the headmoft, waved his Hankerchief, and order¬
ing the reft to wait, came himfelf aboard, and
told the General, thefe were, by his Directions,
come to tow-in the Ship about the Point, ren¬
dered dangerous by the Tide: Which was indeed
fo ftrong, that, although they had a ftiff Gale,
yet they could not ftem it out ; and coming into
the Eddy, fhould have been driven upon the
Rocks : So they went Hawfers aboard them, and
fell to work. Mean Time, the King breakfaft-
ed with the General, who coming to an Anchor,
would have requited the People for their Pains ;
but the King would not fuffer them to take any
thing. They anchored before Firando , in five
Fathom oozy Ground, fo near the Shore, that
they could talk to the People in their Houfes.
They faluted the Town with nine Pieces of Ord¬
nance, but were not anfwered ; for they had no
Guns here, nor any Fort, but Barricados only
for fmall Shot.
Several Nobleman came to bid them wel¬
come, whereof two were of extraordinary Ac¬
count, called Nobufane , and Simmadone. They
were well entertained, and at parting held very
great State, one ftaying aboard while the other
was landed : Their Children and chief Attendants
obferving the fame Ceremony. There came conti¬
nually fuch a World of People aboard, both Men
and Women, that they were not able to ftir up¬
on the Decks : All round the Ship likewife were
Boats full of People, admiring much the Head
and Stern of her. The General gave Leave to
feveral Women of the better Sort to come into
his Cabbin, where hung a large Frame Picture of
Venus, with her Son Cupid, lomewhat wantonly
drawn ; they taking it for their Lady and her Son,
fell down and worfhipped it, with Shews of great
Devotion; telling him, inaWhifpcr, (that fome
of their Companions, which were not fo, might
not hear) that they were Chriftians : By which
they knew them to be Romanifts, converted by
the Portuguese Jefuits.
---* The King came aboard again, and brought
four of his chief Women with him. They were
attired in Gowns of Silk, wrapped one Skirt over
the other, and fo girt about them. They went
bare-legged, only a Pair of half Bulkins, bound
with Silk Ribband, about their Inftep. Their Hair
was very black and long, tied up in a Knot upon
the Crown, in a comely Manner. They had
to the East Indies.
r filed by
•iblemtB,
King
f
good Features, and were well limbed, clear fkin-
ed and white, but wanted Colour, which they
Vol. I. N°XXIVv
fupplied by Art. They were low of Stature, but
very fat ; exceeding courteous in their Behaviour,
and not ignorant of the Refpebl due to Perfons’
according to their Rank and Quality. The King
defired, that no-body might ftay in the Cabbin,
except the General and his Linguift, who was
born in Japan , and brought by him from Ban¬
tam , being well Ikilled in the Mallayan ; in which
'Longue he repeated to the General what the King
fpoke in the Japanefe. The King’s Women at
firft feemed to be a little fhy and bafhful, but he
bid them be frank and pleafant. Accordingly,
they fung divers Songs, and played upon certain
Inftruments, (whereof one much refembled a^Jipsn
Lute) being bellied and fretted like it, but was
longer in the Neck, and had only four Gut-
ftrings. The Fingers of their Left-hand moved
very nimbly over the Strings, while they ftruck
them with an Ivory Stick held in the Right-hand ;
in the fame Manner as in England , they piay
upon the Cittern with a Quill. They feemed to
take much Delight in their Mufic ; kept Time
with their Hands, and played and fung by Book.
The Tunes were pricked, and the Notes ranged
on Lines and Spaces, much in the European W ay.
The General feafted and prefented them with fe¬
veral Englijh Commodities. As they ftayed about
two Hours, he took that Opportunity to move
the King for a Houfe, which he readily grant¬
ed ; and carrying two of the Merchants along
with him, {hewed them three or four for them to
take their Choice, paying the Owner as they
could agree.
The thirteenth, Saris went afliore, attended ’Tbt General.
by the Merchants and principal Officers, and b tae
livered the Prefents to the King ; amounting, in
Value, to about one hundred and forty Pounds.
He received them exceeding kindly, and entertained
the Company with various Sorts of powdered wild
Fowl and Fruits. Then calling for the Handing
Cup, (which was among the Prefents) he ordered
it to be filled with his Country Wine (a Liquor
diftilled from Rice, and as ftrong as Aqua Vita ,)
and notwithftanding it held upwards of a Pint
and an half, yet taking it in his Hand, he told
the General, he would drink it off in a Health
to the King of England ; and fo he did. Saris
and all the King’s Nobles doing the like. He
likewife commanded his Secretary to go to the
reft of the Company, (who were in another Room)
and fee that every one of them pledged the Health.
The King and his Nobles fit at Meat crofs-
legged upon Mats, after the Turkijh Fafhion.
Thefe Mats were richly edged, fome with Cloth
of Gold, fome with Velvet, Satten, and Du¬
ma fk.
The two next Days were fpent in preparing?,,,}* ,,
and making Prefents. 'l he fixteentb, he agreed Hmfi,
with Andajfee, Captain of the Chinefe Quarter here.
Q_<1 d
to
482
i6i 3
Saris.
Li ten fed
Bawdy-
ILufts,
Patch 0/-
the
Nettie of
ErglUh,
Voyages of the Bnglis
to pay him, for his Houfe, ninety-five Ryals of Eight a
for. his Monjon of fix Months; Andajfee to put it in
Repair, and furnifh the Rooms with Mats, ac¬
cording to the Fafhion of the Country : After
which, Saris was to keep it in Order, making
what Alterations he thought fit.
This Day the Ship was fo peftered with Peo¬
ple, that the General was forced to fend to the
King for a Guard to clear them out, many Things
being ftolen ; but fufpe&ed his own People more
then the Natives. There came in a Flemming in b
one of the Country Boats, who had been at the
Bland Majhma , where he had fold good Store of
Pepper, Broad-cloth, and Elephants Teeth, in
Exchange for Bars of Silver, but would not let
the Englijl) know that he had fold any thing, al¬
though he brought nothing back in the Boat ; but
the J apanefe Watermen told them the Truth.
The twenty-firft, the old King came aboard a-
gain, and brought with him fome Women to be
merry. The Women were A&reffes, who pafs c
there from Bland to Bland, as the Strolers do from
Town to Town in England. They were pro¬
vided with feveral Drelies fuited to the Subje&s
reprefented ; which, for the moft Part, related
to either War or Love. Thefe Women are all.
Slaves to one Man, who is allowed to let them
out for what he can get ; but muft not exadf more
than the Bargain, upon Pain of Death, in cafe
of Complaint. The greateft of their Nobility,
when upon a Journey, hold it no Difgrace to fend d
for thefe Panders to their Inn, and agree with
them for the Wenches; either to fill their Drink
at Table, (for all Men of any Rank, have their
Drink filled by Women) or otherwife to have the
Ufe of them. When any of the Panders die,
(though in their Life-time they were admitted in¬
to Company by the beft, yet now as unworthy to
reft among the worft) a Bridle made of Straw
being put into their Mouths, they are dragged in
the Cloaths they died in, through the Streets into e
the Field, and there caft upon a Dunghil, for
Dogs and Fowls to devour.
The twenty-third, they had News of two
Chinefe Junks, arrived at Nangafaki a, laden with
Sugar. By him they underftood, that the Empe¬
ror of China had, a little before, put to death,
about five thoufand Perfons, for trading out of
the Country, contrary to his Edidt, confifcating
all their Goods. It feems, they thought them-
felves fafe, having bribed the new Pungavas , and f
Officers, upon the Sea Coaft; who, upon the Ex¬
ecution of the former, were placed in their
Steads.
The twenty-ninth, a Soma , or Junk, of the
Flemmings , arrived at Nangafaki , from Siam, la¬
den with Brazil Wood, and Skins of various
h to the East Indies.
Sorts. The Men in her, were faid to be Englijh ; 1 gj *
but were really Dutch. The Reafon was, that Saris?
the Flemmings had palled generally by the Name Uyw
of Englijhmen: For the Englijh Nation had been
long known, by Report, among them ; but in a
difad vantageous Light, being reprefented by the
Portugueze Jefuits, as Pirates: Infomuch, that
the Natives had then a Song, which they called,
The Englijh Krofonia ; fetting forth in what Man¬
ner the Englijh took the Spanijh Ships, with their
Rattans. When they fung, they accompanied
the Words with quaint Gefticulations. And thus
they ufed to frighten their Children, as the French
formerly did theirs with the Name of the Lord
Fallot.
The firft of July, two of their Company Duelling fe
happened to quarrel, and were very near going vere,y
into the Field ; which would have endangered them
all : For it is a Law here, that whofoever draws
a Weapon in Anger, although he do no Harm,
is prefently cut in Pieces ; and, if he does never
fo little Hurt, not only he himfelf, but his whole
Generation alfoisput to death.
The fecond, the General went afhore to keep
Houfe in Firando ; his Houlhold confiding of
twenty-fix Perfons. At their Coming, they found
Broad- cloths of fifteen or fixteen Pound the Piece,
to be fold by the Dutch for forty Ryals of Eight,
(or eight Pound Sterling ) the Mat ; which Mat
is two Yards and a quarter : But the General be¬
ing defirous, to keep up the Price of the Englijh
Cloth ; and, hearing that the Dutch had a great
Quantity, he talked to Brower , Captain of their
Factory, upon the Occafion ; propofing to have
a certain Rate fixed upon their Cloths, and not to
fell under that Price: For Performance whereof,
he offered to enter into Bond with him. In the
Morning, Brower feemed to approve hereof, but
before Night, fent to excufe himfelf ; under Pre¬
tence, that he had no Authority from his Made rs,
to make any fuch Agreement. And next Morn¬
ing, fhipped away great Quantities of Cloths to
feveral Blands ; rating them at low Prices, (viz.
twenty, eighteen, and fixteen Ryals of Eight the
Mat) that he might fell-off his own the fooner,and
glut the Place before the Englijh ones were landed.
B ANFA M Pepper ungarbled, which coft at Prica of
Bantam one Ryal three quarters, of Eight, the Cmm6^tn
Sack, was worth at their Coming, ten Fayes the
Pikul , which is one hundred Kattis , making one
hundred thirty Pound EngliJJj , futtle. A Faye is
five Shillings Sterling with them. A Ryal of Eight
is worth there, in ordinary Payment, but feven
Mas , which is three Shillings and Sixpence Ster¬
ling. For a Mas is as a Ryal of Plate.
Tin was thirty Fayes the Pikul ; Elephants
Teeth, eighty. ; Iron caft in Pieces, fix ; Powder,
a In Purchas, here, and afterwards, Langafaque.
4
twenty-
1 613.
' Sajis.
Voyages c/ English to the East Indies. 483
twenty-three; Aloes Succatrbia , fix Tayes the a refembling the Wind-Vanes in England) where- 1613.
Katti ; Fowling-pieces, twenty Tayes each ; Ca- on is likewife written his Offence. The Execu- Saris.
tioner followeth next, with his Kattan by his1
Side, holding in his Hand the Cord, jwherewith
Cmg of Goto
hmei to fee
U Shift
lico, and fucli like Commodities of Choromandel ,
and Guzerat , bore a Price according as they were
in Goodnefs.
The feventh, the King of the Ifland Goto,
not far from Firando , came to vifit King Foyne ,
faying, that he heard of an excellent Englifb
Ship arrived in his Dominions, which he greatly
defired to fee. Hereupon, King Foyne entreated
holding in his Hand the
the Offender is bound : And on each Side of the
Executioner, goeth a Soldier with his Pike, the
Head refting on the Shoulder of the Party con¬
demned, to deter him from attempting an Efcape.
The General faw one led to Execution in this
Manner, who went fo refolutely, without the
GCHTCCl tU ICC* A 1C1 CUpvJl! j
the General to permit him, as being a particular b leaft Appearance of Fear, that he could not but
Friend of his: So he was well entertained aboard,
with a handfome Banquet; and feveral Guns
were difeharged at his Departure. This he took
very kindly, telling them, that he fhould be ex¬
ceeding glad to fee fome of their Nation at his
Ifland, where they fhould be heartily welcome.
The eighth, three Japanefe , two Men and a
Woman, were executed : The Caufe was this :
The Woman, (whofe Hufband was gone on a
much admire, never having feen the like in
Chrijiendom. His Offence was, ftealing a Sack
of Rice, (the Value of twoShillings and Six-pence)
from a Neighbour, whofe Houfe was then on
Fire.
The eleventh, three Chinefe Junks, laden with KingF oyne'f
Silks, arrived at Nangafaki. The nineteenth, Humility.
King Foyne b begged a Piece of Poldavis , of the
General : Which, being fent him, he caufed to
A I1C v v ytuai J} ^ vvuuiv **m*l/i*.iu ** xd - # — - * - o - - /
Journey) had made an Appointment with thefe c be made into Coats; and (notwithftanding his
two Men at different Hours. He who was to Quality as well as great Age) wore them next his
7 blteren
ut to death,
come laft, thinking the Time too long, repaired
to the Houfe before the Hour ; and, finding the
other with her, in a Rage, whipt out his Kattan ,
and wounded them both dangeroufly ; having,
very near, hewn the Chine of the Man’s Back
in two. However, he made a Shift to clear him-
felf of the Woman, and recovering his Kattan ,
wounded the other. The Neighbours, who faw
Skin ; and the reft of it was made into Handker¬
chiefs, which he daily ufed.
The twentieth, a Soma , or Junk, from Cochin- Mr. Adami’4
China , arrived at Nangafaki , laden with Silk and Arrival,
Benjamin, which was exceeding clear and rich.
The twenty-ninth, Mr. Adams , for whom they
had waited forty-eight Days, arrived at Firando ,
having been feventeen Days on the W ay from
the Fray, forthwith fecured them all, and fent ,3 Sorongo. After he had been entertained in a
i f !fo Kidnap¬
ers, and
bieveu
to know King Foyne s Pleafure ; for Offenders
were punifhed as he thought fit. He prefently
ordered their Heads to be cut off ; which done,
as many as lifted, came to try the Sharpnefs of
their Kattans upon the Bodies ; fo that before
they had left off, they had hewn them all three
into Pieces, as fmall as a Man’s Hand: Neither
then did they give over, but placing the Pieces
one upon another, would try how many of them
they could cut-through, at a Blow : After which,
the Pieces were left for the Fowls to devour.
The tenth, three more were executed in the
fame Manner, for ftealing a Woman from Fi¬
rando, and felling her at Nangafaki, a great while
before ; two of them were Brothers. When any
of them are to be executed, they are led out of the
Town in this Manner : There goeth firft, one
with a Pick- ax : Next followeth another with a
Shovel, to make his Grave, (if that be permitted
him) the third carrieth a fmall Table, whereon
is written the Party’s Offence; which Table is
afterwards fet upon a Poft on the Grave where
he is buried : The fourth is the Party to be exe¬
cuted, his Hands tied behind him with a filken
Cord, having a little Banner of Paper a, (much
friendly Manner, the General difeourfed him before
the Merchants, concerning the Encouragement
he could give them of Trade. He anfwered, that
it was not always alike, but fometimes better,
fometimes worfe ; yet doubted not but they fhould
do as well as others. He gave extraordinary Com¬
mendations of the Country, feeming much af-
fedted to it.
The thirteenth, in the Morning, one of the King's Go*
e young King’s Governors, was, by his Orders, vtrMr e*e-
cut into Pieces in the Street, for being (as it was cuted%
thought) too familiar with his Mother. A Slave
of his died with him, for endeavouring to defend
his Mafter. This Day there came to Firando ,
certain Spaniards of Mr. Adams’ s Acquaintance,
to defire a Paffage in their Ship for Bantam. They
had belonged to a Spanifh Admiral, who, above
a Year before, came (at the King of Spains
Charge) from New Spain , to make Difcoveries to
f the Northward of Japan; and arriving at Edoo ,
while he waited for the proper Monfan , which be¬
gins in the End of May, his Company mutinied,
and ran away, leaving their Ship entirely unman¬
ned : Wh&refore, the General thought it beft to
keep them out of his.
a Or Paper Flag, as it is called in another Place, over his Head. b The Author fays, he was reckoned
the beft Soldier in all Japan, on Account of his Valour and Services, in the Wars of Korea.
Q_q q 2 1 H £
Voyages of the English to the East I n d i e si
The third, ¥L\ngFoyne fent to the General, to a kind of Mob, confiding of Boys, and the bafer jgj-
know what Bulk the King of England's Prefent Sort of People, gathered about, and followed Sir».
PrtJtrJi for
ibt Err.fercr.
to the Emperor was of ; asalfo, what Number of
People he intended to take with him to Court,
that he might provide a Bark, Horfes and Pal-
lankins , for his going up in a handfome Manner.
Hereupon the Prefems were ordered to be forted
as follows:
l.
To Ogojhofama , the Emperor, to the 7 Q
Value of _ _ — —
T o Shongofama , the Emperor’s Son, 43
r ToKodfkedona , the Emperor’s Secretary, 15
To Sadda Dona, the Emperor’s Son’s »
Secretary, — — —5 4
To Ikokora Juga, Judge of Meakoy 4 10
To Fcngo Dona , Admiral of Orungo , 3 10
To Goto Shoravero , Matter of the Mint, 1 1 o
s.
7
15
*7
3
d.
6
o
6
4
6
o
Total 180 3 10
SECT. IX.
them, crying, Kore , Kore, Kokore , ware ; that Wv
is to fay, You Koreans with falfe Hearts ; gazing,
hooping, and making fuch a Noife, that they
could fcarcely hear one another fpeak. This
Treatment they met with at every Place they
came to ; and, at fome Towns, (though not many)
they threw Stones at them, none reproving
them for it. The beft W ay they found was, to
b pafs on without regarding them. All along this
Coaft, and fo up to Ozaka , they found Women
Divers, who lived with their Families in Boats,
upon the Water, as they do in Holland. Their
Cuftom was, by diving, to catch fifh, which by
Nets, or Lines, they mifled ; and this they would
do in eight Fathom Depth: But their Eyes, by
continual Practice, grow as red as Blood ; by
which you may know thofe of this Profeflion,
from the reft of their Sex.
c They were two Days rowing from Ftrando Stnigbtt 9
to Fukkate. About eight or ten Leagues on thisShcmia4
Side the Streights of Shemina Seki a, they found aSeki'
fit tytoardt
ilt Court,
Captain Saris Jets out on hts Journey to the Court. great Town, where there lay in a Dock, a Junk
of eight hundred, or a thoufand Tons Burthen,
fheathed all with Iron ; with a Guard, appointed
to keep her from Fire and Treachery. She was
built in a very homely Fafhion, much anfwering
the Defcription of Noah's Ark. The Natives^ ftrmn
told them, the Ufe of her was, to tranfport Sol- 7unk>
d diers into any of the Iflands, in cafe of War, or
Rebellion.
They found nothing extraordinary after they ofakj ^
had patted thofe Streights, till they came to Ofaka ^fcribtd.
where they arrived the twenty-feventh of Augufl r
TH E fecond’of Augujl , King Foyne provid- Their Galley not being able to come near the
ed a handfome Galley of his own, rowed Town, within fix Miles, they were met by ano-
with twenty-five Oars of a Side, and fixty Men, ther fmaller Veftel ; wherein came the Matter of
which the General fitted up in a comely Manner, the Houfe, where they were to lie at Ofaka , and
with Wait-cloths, Colours, and all other Necef- brought a Collation of Wine, and fait Fruits, to
faries ; and having taken his Leave of the King, e entertain the General. The Boat having a Faft
fet out with ten Englijh , and nine others, for the made to the Matt- head, was drawn by Men, as
Emperor’s Court. They were rowed among fe- the Barks are from London to the Weft. They
veral Iflands, all, or moft of which, were well found Ofaka to be as large as London within the
inhabited, and full of handfome Towns ; where- Walls, and adorned with many fair Timber
Comes to Fukkate. Streights of Shemina Seki
A Jlrong CaJUe. The Emperor an TJfurper.
Fufhimi City. The Garifon marches out. Great
State of the General. Soldiers welcome Guefls.
Plenty of Provifton. Liquors for drinking . Tra¬
velling Equipage. A fine Road. Their Temples
and Priejls. Crucifixion a common P uni foment.
City a/'Surunga. Saris goes to Court. Has Au¬
dience of the Emperor. Death for the Secretary
of State to receive a Prefent. The Alajler of the
Mint receives one.
CmefcTuk.vf one, called Fukkate , hath a very ftrong Cattle,
*.«e, built of Freeftone, but no Ordnance, nor Soldiers.
It hath a Ditch about five Fathom deep, and
twice as broad, with a Draw-bridge ; the Whole
kept in very good Repair. They landed, and
dined in the Town ; the Wind and Tide being
fo ftrong againft them, that they could not pafs:
The Place, which feemed to be as big as London
within the Walls, was very well built, and the
Streets fo ftrait, that one might fee from one End
Bridges, of a great Height, built over a River,
which is as broad as the Thames at London. Some
few of the Houfes were alfo handfome. It is one a firing
of the chief Sea-Ports of all Japan ; having zCaJle.
prodigious large and ftrong Cattle, with very deep
Trenches about it, and many Draw-bridges be¬
fore the Gates, which are plated with Iron. The
Walls are at leaft fix or feven Yards thick ; not
terrafted, or filled with Rubbifti on the Infide,
but built entirely of Freeftone, with Bulwarks,
to the other. It was exceeding populous, and the and Battlements, which have Loop-holes for fmall
Inhabitants very civil, and courteous; only a Shot and Arrows, befides feveral Openings for
* In. Pure has, Xemina-fegne .
calling
Voyages of the Engi
5 13. calling Stones upon the Affailants. The Free¬
ses. ftone, which was large, and of an excellent
Quarry, was cut fo ex a&ly to fit their Places,
that no Mortar wasufed, only Earth caft between
to fill up the Joints.
ptror an I n this Caille, then dwelt the Son of Ttqua-
rftr, famma a, who being an Infant at the Time of his
Father’s Deceafe, was left to the Government
and Tuition of four; whereof Ogojhofamma , the
now Emperor, was one, and the Chief. The
Defigns of the other three, who feverally aimed
at the Sovereignty, having been defeated by Ogo¬
jhofamma , they were forced to take up Arms for
their Security : But Fortune favouring Ogojhofam¬
ma in the Field, two of them were flain, and the
third was glad to fave himfelf by Flight. He be¬
ing Conqueror, had himfelf proclaimed Emperor,
(a Thing, which before Teemed the fartheft from
his Thoughts) and feizing upon the true Heir,
married him to his Daughter, as the only Means
to bring about a perfeCl Reconciliation. But he
confined the young married Couple in thisCaftle,
and placed about them for Attendants, none but
fuch as had been brought up from their Cradles
by himfelf, and knew no other Father (as it were)
than him : So that by them he was informed of
every Thing that paffed, and governed his Son-
in-Law accordingly.
Right over-againft Ofaka% on the other Side
of the River, lieth another great Town, called
Sakay ; but though not fo big, yet it carries on a
great Trade with all the Iflands thereabout.
j|. . The twenty-eighth, at Night, having left
(!. Muflers , [or Samples] and the Prices of their
Commodities with their Hoft, they parted from
Of aka , by Bark, towards Fujhimi , where they
arrived the twenty-ninth at Night. Here they
found a Garifon of three thoufand Soldiers, main¬
tained by the Emperor, to keep Miako and Ofaka ,
ri 0 argon in Subje&ion. As it was then changed, (which
B| recurs every three Years) they faw the old Bands
march out, and the new enter in military Form,
marching five abreaft ; and to every ten Files an
Officer, called, A Captain of Fifty , who kept
them continually in good Order. Firft went their
Calivers, (for they have no MufKcts, nor will ufe
any) then followed thofe with Pikes; next Rat¬
tans , (or Swords) and Targets; then Bows and
Arrows; and laftly, thofe with Weapons refcmb-
linga JVelch Hook, called Waggadajbes ; and then
Calivers again, and fo on as before : But they had
no Enfign or Colours, nor any Drums, or other
mufical Inftruments for War. The fit ft File of the
Rattans had Silver Scabbards, and thofe of the
laft, which was next the Captain, had Scabbards
of Gold. The Number of Men was not the
fame in every Company ; for feme had five hun-
* By others, 7 ico Sana, and 77a « Sama .
sh to the East Indies. 48$
dred, fome three, and others a hundred and fifty. 1 613.
In the Midft of every Company, were three Saris.
Horfes, very richly caparifoned, and furnifhed |J
with Saddles, well fet out ; fome covered with
coftly Furs, others with Velvet, and fome with
Stammel Broad-cloth. Thefe Horfes had each
three Slaves to attend him, and were led with
filken Halters, having leathern Covers for their
Eyes. After every Troop, followed the Captain
on Horfeback, his Bed, and other Neceffaries, be¬
ing laid upon it, equally poifed on either Side ;
and over all was fpread a Covering of red Felt of
China , upon which the Captain fat crofs-legged,
as between a couple of Panniers. For ancient, or
weak- backed Perfons, a Staff was fixed into the
Pannel, that the Rider might lean and reft againft
it, as if he was fitting in a Chair.
They met the chief Commander of this Garifon, GnatStat*
two Days after they had met the firft of his Troops, GerJa
(having continually paffed by them at the Diftance ’ ‘
of a League, and fometimes two, one from the
other). He marched in very great State, beyond
all the reft ; for the fecond Troop was more rich¬
ly accoutred than the firft ; the third than the
fecond, and fo on, till it came to this laft, which
was beft of all. He hunted and hawked all the
Way. His Hawks were hooded and lured, like
the Englijh. He had fix Saddle- Horfes, richly
furnifhed. Their Horfes were of the Size of
middling Nags b, fhort, and well fet ; fmall head¬
ed, and very full of Mettle, far excelling (in the
Author’s Opinion) the Spanijh Jennet, in Pride
and Stomach. He had his Pallankin (which was
lined with crimfon Velvet) carried before him by
two Men ; fix being appointed for that Office,
who relieved one another by Turns.
Such good Order was obferved among thefe
Troops on the Road, that no body was injured by ccm
them ; and, as they paid as much for what they
had, as other Paffengers, they were therefore
cheerfully entertained wherever they came. Every
Town and Village upon the Way, being well
provided with Cooks, and Victualling- Houfes,
where they might at an Inftant, have what they
wanted ; and diet themfeives from a Penny Englijh t
to two Shillings a-head.
The Diet, ufed generally through the Conn - p!er,tfrc\ -
try, is Rice of divers Sorts, (as of the Wheat and
Corn in England ) the whiteft is accounted beft,
which they ufe inftead of Bread. Fifh, frefh and
falted ; fome pickled Herbs, Beans, Raddifhes,
and other Roots, falted and pickled; wild bowl,
Duck, Mallard, Teal, Geefe, Pheafant, Par¬
tridge, Quail, and divers other wild Fowl, which
they powder, and lay in Pickle. I hey have
great Plenty of Hens, Deer, both red and tal¬
low ; wild Boars, Hares, Goats, Cattle, &c. I f-y
That is, about fourteen I lands and a hah high
486
Voyages of English to the East Indies.
Saris.
1613. have Plenty of Cheefe, but make no Butter : Nei- a on, dwell about them, as the Friars, in old Time, igj,
' 11 ' r ' ’ in England did about their Monafteries. Near Saris
every Town, there were CrofTes, with the dead ’—v
Bodies of thofe who had been crucified upon
them: For Crucifixion here is an ordinary Pu- Crucifix ,
nilhment for moft MalefaCtors. Coming near
Surunga , where the Emperor’s Court is, they
ther will they eat any Milk, becauiethey confider
1 it as Blood ; nor the Flefh of tame Bealls.
Of tame Hogs and Pigs they have great a-
bundance ; and Wheat as good as any in England:
It is red, and they plow both with Oxen and
for
drinking.
Ilorfes. The EngHJJ) bought the beft Hens and
Pheafants for Three-pence a-piece ; a very large faw a Scaffold, with the Heads of feveral, who
fat Pig for Twelve- pence ; a fat Hog coft five had been executed, placed upon it. Near it were
Shillings; a good Beef, like a Welch Runt, fix- ereCted feveral CrofTes, fome with whole Bodies,
teen ; a Goat, three Shillings ; and Rice a Half- b others with Pieces only hanging upon them ; be-
penny the Pound. The ordinary Drink of the ing fuch, as after their Execution, the Spectators
■OTravtlling
Equipage,
common People is Water, which they drink
warm with their Meat ; holding it to be a fove-
reign Remedy againft Worms in the Maw. They
have no other Sort of Drink, excepting what is
diftilled from Rice, which is almoft as ftrong as
Aqua Vites, in Colour like Canarie Wine, and
not dear: Yet, when they have drawn off the
belt and ftrongeft, they wring out of it a fmaller
Drink, which ferves the poorer Sort of People.
The thirtieth, they were furnifhed with nine¬
teen Horfes, at the Emperor’s Charge, to carry the Secretary Notice of his Coming, and to de-
up the King’s Prefents, together with the Cap- fire as fpeedy a Difpatch as poffible. Word was
tain and his Attendants, to Surunga. There was returned, that he was welcome; and that after
a Pallankin for him, and a fpare led Horfe, with he had refted himfelf a Day or two, fhould have
handfome Furniture, to ride when he pleafed. Accefs to the Emperor. The feventh was fpent
Six Men were appointed to carry the Pallankin in in preparing the Prefents, and providing little
plain, and ten in hilly Country. The Officer, Tables of flit Deal of that Country (which fmells
whom King Foyne fent along with them, by very fweet) to carry them upon, according to the
Virtue of a Warrant, took up thefe Men and d Cuftom.
had often tried their Rattans upon. Thefe Spec¬
tacles being clofe by the Road, made the Paftage
into the Town very noifom. This City of Su~ c‘ty °f 5
runga is full as big as London , with all its Suburbs. runsa’
The Artificers dwell in the out Parts and Skirts
of the Town, that their Noife and Knocking
might not difturb the better Sort, who inhabit
the Heart and inner Parts.
As foon as they were fettled in their Lodging,
the General fent Mr. Adams to Court, to give
Horfes from Place to Placet as the Poft- Matters
do in England : As alfo Lodging at Night. And,
according to the Cuftom of the Country, they
had a Slave appointed to run with a Pike before
them. /
A fine Read. Thus they travelled till the fixth of Septem¬
ber, before they got to Surunga , each Day fifteen
or fixteen Leagues : This is the chief Road of all
The eighth, he was carried in his Pallankin Saris g«
to the Caftie of Surunga , (where the Emperor Cwt'
kept his Court) being attended by his Merchants
and others, who carried the Prefents before him.
Entering the Caftie, he pafled three Draw-bridges,
every one of which had a Corps of Guard ; and
going up a Pair of very fair and large Stone
Stairs, he was met by two grave comely Men :
the Country, and, for the moft Part, extremely One of them Kodjkedona , the Emperor’s Secre
even, being Sand and Gravel ; and where it e tary ; the other Fungodono the Admiral, who
meeteth with Mountains, a Paftage is cut through. brought him into a fair Room matted, where
It is divided into Leagues, and at every League’s they fat crofs-legged upon the Mats. Soon after.
temples,
End are two Mounts railed, on each Side the Way
one, with a handfome Pine-Tree, trimmed round
in Form of an Arbor a. Thefe Marks are placed
upon the Road to prevent the Hackney-men,
and thofe who let out Horfes to hire, from ex¬
acting more than their Due, which is about
Three-pence a League. This Road is exceed¬
ingly frequented, and crouded with People. Ever
and anon you meet with Farms and Country
Houfes ; with Villages, and often great Towns;
with Ferries over frefh Rivers, and many Futta-
heaffe , or Foicquis. Thefe are their Temples, fi-
tuate in Groves, and the pleafanteft Places in the
whole Country* The Priefts, who attend there-
they led him betwixt them into the Chamber of
Prefence, where was the Emperor’s Chair of
State, to which they direCted him to do Re¬
verence. It was of Cloth of Gold, about fiv£
Foot high, very richly fet-out, but had no Ca¬
nopy over Head. Then they returned to the
Place where they fat before, and having ftayed
about a quarter of an Hour, Word was brought,
that the Emperor was come forth : Upon which
they rofe up, and led the General betwixt them
to the Door, making Signs to him to enter, but
durft not look in themfelves.
The Prefents fent by the King of England, Hat Aud
as alfo thofe which (accord to the Cuftom of (f
® As the Stones lately fet up in England.
the
Voyages of the Eng
6j;» the Country) the General gave as from himfelf,
Saris, were placed in the fame Room upon the Mats
ymfj very orderly, before the Emperor came into it.
Coming to the Emperor according to the Englijh
Compliments, he delivered the King’s Letters to
his Majefty; who took it in his Hand, and put¬
ting it up towards his Forehead, commanded his
Interpreter, who fat at a good Diftance behind,
to bid Mr. Adams tell him, he was welcome from
a tirefome Journey, that he (hould reft for a
Day or two, and in that Time his Anfwer to the
King (hould be ready. Then he afked the Ge¬
neral, whether he did not intend to vifit his Son
at Edoo? Saris anfvvering, that he did, the Em¬
peror faid, that Order (hould be taken to furnilh
him with Men and Horfes for the Journey, and
that, againft his Return, the Letters (hould be
ready. Then taking his Leave, and coming to
the Door, he found the Secretary and Admiral,
where he left them ready to condudh him to the
Stairs; where, getting into his Pallankin , he re¬
turned with his Attendants to his Lodgings.
4 Secretary The ninth, he carried the Secretary his Pre-
MiaPre- fent, which in no wife he would receive, but
heartily thanked him ; faying, that the Emperor
had commanded the contrary, and that it were
as much as his Life was worth to take any Gift :
But he accepted of five Pound of Aloes Sokatrina
to ufe for his Health. The General delivered
the Articles of Privilege (fourteen in Number)
this Day to Kodjkedona ; who requefted to have
them abbreviated, and made as fhort as might
be, for that the People of Japan affected Bre-
| vity.
The tenth, an Abftradf of the Articles was
fent by Mr. Adams to the Secretary, who (hewed
them to the Emperor. His Majefty approved of
all excepting one ; which was, that the Englijh ,
having been refufed Trade by the Chinefe , might
have Liberty to bring all fuch Ships of that Na¬
tion, as they fhould take, into Japan , and there
make Sale of their Prizes. At firft the Emperor
thought this Requeft reafonable ; but upon Con¬
ference with the Lieger of China , his Mind
changed, and he would not allow of that Ar¬
ticle. The reft were paffed under his great Seala,
which is not of Wax, but ftamped like a Print,
and coloured red.
kcrcftU The eleventh, the-Prefent appointed for the
h recciw Mint-Mafter was delivered him, which he took
thankfully ; and in Return gave the General two
Japanese Gowns of Taffata, quilted with Silk
Cotton.
The twelfth, Mr. Adams was fent with a
Mufter of the Commodities to the Mint-Mafter,
l i s h to the East Indies.
487
a who was the Emperor’s Merchant, and had Charge 1613.
of his Mint and Cafh. He was in very great Saris.
Efteem with his Majefty; and had vowed, when-'-^V*^
ever the Emperor died, to cut his own Guts out,
and die with him.
SECT. X.
The Idols Dabis and Tenchaday. City of Edoo.
Fair and Jlrong Cajlle. King of Edoo’r Pre-
k fents. Emperor's Letter. Copy of their Privi¬
lege for Trade. Oringaw a ft Port for the
Englifh. Spanifh Ambajfador treated with Slight.
Proclamation againft the new Converts , made by
thejefuits. Several crucified. Miako, a great
City . Chief Idol in Japan. College of Jefuits.
Englifh mobbed at Ofaka.
ABOUT Noon, the fame Day, they de¬
parted for Edoo to the Emperor’s Son, be¬
ing turnifhed with Horfes and Men as before,
c The Country betwixt Surunga and Edoo is
well inhabited. They faw many Fotoquis , or
Temples, as they pafl'ed, and amongft others a
famous Image, called Dabis , made of Copper, 'Tbeldolt Da.
and hollow within, but of a very fubftantialbl!
Thicknefs. It was in Height, as they guefled,
twenty-one or twenty-two Foot, and in the Form
of a Man kneeling upon the Ground, with his
Buttocks refting upon his Heels ; his Arms fur-
prizingly large, and the whole Body proportion-
d able, being robed with a Gown. This Image is
much reverenced by Travellers. Some of the
Englijh went into the Body of it, and hooped and
hollowed, which made an exceeding great Noife.
Finding many Charadfers and Marks cut upon it
by Pafiengers, fume of them following the Ex¬
ample, left theirs alfo behind them. It (lands in
the high Road taken by thofe who go in Pil¬
grimage to Tenchaday ; which Place is much fre-^Ten-
quented for Devotion by rich as well as poor,c}lata>*
e who are conftantlv coming and going both Night
and Day. Mr. Adams told the Author, that he
had been there ; and that every Month one of
the faireft Virgins of the whole Country was
brought into the Fotoqul , or Temple, where (he
fat all alone in a neat Room, in a very fedate
Manner : 7'hat at certain Times this Tenchaday
(which was thought to be the Devil b) appeared
to her ; and having known her carnally, at his
Departure left with her certain Scales, like the
f Scales of Fifh : That what Queftion (lie was in-
ftructed by the Bonzas , or Priefts, to alk, Ten¬
chaday refolved : And that every Month a frefh
Virgin was taken-in ; but what became of the
former, Mr. Adams could not tell.
a The Copy whereof he brought home, and gave me, which after followeth. Pure has. 0 That is,
by the Author and others, who believed a real Apparition, for Want of reflecting, that the carnal Gallant mu.
have been one of the Bonzas, or Priefts, who was in the Secret.
The
City of E-
ioo#
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
The fourteenth, they arrived at Edoo, a City a The twenty-firft, they parted by Boat from 1613
much greater then Surung a, and far excelling it Edoo to Oringaw, a Town upon the Sea-fide : Sarii.
for beautiful Buildings. It made a very glorious From whence they arrived at Surunga the twenty- v-*
Appearance : The Ridge-Tiles and Corner-Tiles ninth, and there Raid for the Emperor’s Letters
of the Houfes were richly gilded ; the Polls of and Prefents to King James, which he received
their Doors alfo were gilt and varnilhed. They on the eighth of Odober. T he true Copy of the
Letters, directed to his Majefty, is as followeth ;
To the King of Gre at-Britain.
y'OUR Maje fly's kind Letter , brought me by The Emp,
your Servant Captain John Saris, (who is the rsr 1 ^t!
ufed no Glafs in their Windows, which were
very large, and made of Boards, opening in
Leaves, well adorned with Painting, as in Hol¬
land. A Cawfey goes through the chief Street
of the Town, underneath which runs a River ;
and at every fifty Paces there is a Well-head, built
very fubftantially of Free Ron e ; with Buckets for firjl 1 have known to arrive in any Part of my Do¬
minions) I heartily embrace ; being not adittle glad to
hear of your great Wijdom and Power , as having three
rich and mighty Kingdoms under your powerful Com-
I acknowledge your Majejly s great Bounty
the Neighbours to fetch Water for their ordinary
Ufe, and alfo in cafe of Fire. This Street is as
broad as any of the Streets in England.
The fifteenth, he gave the King’s Secretary,
Saddadona, Notice of his Arrival, requeuing him
to let the King know thereof.
The feventeenth, he had Accefs to the King,
and delivered him the Prefents from the King of
England, as alfo certain from himfelf (according
mana.
in fending me fo undeferved a Prefent of many rare
Things , fuch as neither my Land affordeth , nor have
1 ever before feen : Which 1 receive not as from a
Stranger , but as from your Majejly , whom l ejleem
as myfelf, defiring Continuance of Friend/hip with
to the Cuftom of the Country.) The King kept your Highnefs : And that it may fand with your
in
Fair and his Court in the Caltle of Edoo, which is much
ftrong Cojile. fajrer an(j Wronger than that of Surunga : He was
better guarded and attended than the Emperor his
Father. Saddadona, the King’s Secretary, was
Father to Kodskedona , the Emperor’s Secretary ;
and having had more Experience, was therefore
appointed Governor to the young King, who
feemed to be about the Age of forty-two.
The General’s Entertainment and Accefs to
the King here, was much like that to the Em-
good Liking, to fend your Subjects to any Part or
Port of my Dominions , where they Jhall be mof
heartily welcome ; applauding much their Worthinefs
in the admirable Knowledge of Navigation , they
having, with much Facility, difeovered a Country fo
remote ; being no whit deterred by the Extent of fo
mighty a Gulf, or Greatnefs of fuch infinite Clouds
d and Storms , from profecuting honourable Enterprifes
of Difcoveries and Merchandizing, wherein they
Jhall find me to further them according to their De-
peror at Surunga. He accepted very kindly the fires. I return unto your Majejly afmallToken of
King of England's Letters as well as Prefents, my AJfedion, (by your jaid Subject) defiring you to
bidding Saris welcome, and wifhing him to re- accept thereof, as from him who much rejoiceth in
frelh himfelf : Adding, that the Letters and Pre- your Friendjhip, And whereas your Majejly' s Sub-
fents deligned for his Mailer Ihould be made ready jeds have defir ed certain Privileges for Trade , and
with all Speed. fettling of a Fad or y in my Dominions , 1 have not
The nineteenth, the General delivered Sad- only granted what they demanded, but have confirm-
dadona his Prefents. This Day, thirty-two Men e ed the fame unto them, under my broad Seal, for bet -
having been fent to a certain Houfe for Debt,
and put in the Stocks, which were within, the
Houfe, in the Night-time, by Accident took Fire,
and they all perilhed in the Flames.
Xmg cf E- Towards Evening, the King fent two Suits
doe iprejcr.u, varni(he(i Armour for a Prefent to the King
of England: Likewife a Tach, or long Sword,
(which none were allowed to wear there, but Sol¬
diers of the bell Rank) and a Waggadafh for a
Prefent to the General himfelf. From Edoo , to
the Northermoft Part of Japan, it is efleemed
about thirty-two Days Journey on Horfe-back,
little more or lefs.
ter efiablijhing thereof. From my CaJlle in Surunga,
this fourth of the ninth Month, in the eighteenth
Tear of our Dary, according to our Computation.
Refling your Majejly s Friend, the highejl Com¬
mander in this Kingdom of Japan.
Subfcribed
Minna Monttono.
f Tei. Ye. Yeas.
At the fame Time be alfo received the above-
mentioned Piivileges for Trade in Japan *. The
a A Copy of the Original is inferted in Purchas, in the Japanefe Characters, which differ much from the
Ckineje. They are written one under the other, the Lines running from the Top to the Bottom of the Paper ;
and beginning on the Right-hand, proceed to the Left, where the Seal Hands at the Bottom of the lafl Line.
Purchas thinks they are real Characters like the Chinefe , but they feem otherwife.
Original
Voyages of the English to East Indies. 489
1613. Original was left with Mr. Cocks : The Tranfla- a tc proper for our Ufe and Service ; our Will is, 1613.
Sarit. tion whereof (as near to the Original as may be) « that no Arreft be made thereof, but that the Saris,
(followeth: “ Price be agreed with the Cape-Merchant, as'^V-^
“ they fell to others, and prefent Payment made
“ upon the Delivery of the Goods.
“ Item , If in the Difcovery of other Coun-
“ tries for Trade, or Return of their Ships, they
“ (hall want Men or Victuals, our Will is, that
c< ye our Subjects furnifh them for their Money,
tc as their Need fhall require.
“ Lajlly , That without other PafTport, they
u fhall and may fet out upon the Difcovery of
“ Teadzo , or any other Part in or about our
“ Empire.
<c From our Caftle in Surunga, this firffc Day
(i of the ninth Month, in the eighteenth Day of
<c our Darya, according to our Computation.
“ Sealed with our broad Seal.
“ Under-written,
“ Minna Monttono.
“ Yei. Ye, Yeas. b
Note , That Oringaw is a very good Harbour, Oringaw, &
where Ships may ride as fafely as in the River/' iVf.
Thames before London , and the PafTage thereto by
Sea very fafe and good : So that it will be much
better for the Ships to repair thither than to Fi-
rando, efpecially too as it 'is fituate on the main
Land, and diftant from Edoo (the chief City)
but fourteen or fifteen Leagues. The Town in¬
deed is not fo well fupplied with Vi&uals and
Flefh Meat as Firando \ but in all other Rcfpeets
it is to be preferred.
At his Return to Surunga, he found a Spanijh A SpanM
Ambaflador from the Philippinas , who juft faw Anb*ff«<br* .
the Emperor once, and delivered him his Pre-
fents, which were certain China Damafks, and
five Jars of fweet European Wine : But could
never after obtain Accefs to him. He came with
a Petition to the Emperor, that fuch Psrtugueze
and Spaniards as were within his Dominions, not
authorized by the King of Spain, might be de¬
livered up to him, to carry away to the Philip¬
pinas : Which the Emperor refuted, faying, that
his Country was a free Country, and none fhould
be forced out of it ; but if the Ambaflador could
perfuade any to go, they fhould not be hindered.
This Embaflage was occafioned by their great
Want of Men to defend the Molukka Iflands from
the Dutch , who then made great Preparations for
the Conqueft thereof. The Ambaflador having
waited, to no Purpote, the Time limited by his
Com million, took Leave of the Court, much dif-
fatisfied. At laft, when he was got to the Sea-
u
CC
Privileges granted ly Ogofhofama, Emperor of
Japan, unto the Right Worjhipful Sir Thomas
Smith, Knight , Governor , and others the Ho¬
nourable and JVorJhipful Adventurers to the Eaft
Indies.
tpyoftbiir (( tMPRIMIS , We give free Leave to the b
Subjedfs of the King of Great-Britain , viz.
(t Sir Thomas Smith , Governor, and Company of
the Eajl Indian Merchants and Adventurers,
“ for ever fafely to come into any of our Ports
“ of our Empire of Japan , with their Ships and
“ Merchandizes, without any Hinderance to them
“ or their Goods ; and to refide, buy, fell, and
“ barter, according to their own Manner, with
“ all Nations: To continue here fo long as they
“ think fit, and to depart at their Pleafures. * c
“ Item , We grant unto them Freedom of
“ Cuftom for all fuch Merchandizes as now they
“ have brought, or hereafter fhall bring into our
“ Kingdoms j or fhall from hence tranfport into
“ any foreign Part : And do authorize thofe
Ships, which fhall hereafter arrive from Eng¬
land, to proceed to prefent Sale of their Com-
“ modities, without farther coming or fending
“ up unto our Court.
“ Item , That if any of their Ships fhall be d
“ in Danger of being wrecked, it is our Plea-
4< fure, that our Subje&s not only aflift them,
“ but that fuch Part of Ship and Goods as fhall
“ be faved, be returned to their Captain, or
“ Cape-Merchant, or their Afligns : And that
<l they fhall or may build one Houfe or more for
“ themfelves in any Port of our Empire, where
“ they fhall think fitteft ; and at their Depar-
“ ture have Liberty to make Sale thereof at their
“ Pleafure. e
“ Item, If any of the Englijh Merchants or
u others fhall depart this Life within our Domi-
** nions, the Goods of the Deceafed fhall remain
“ at the Difpofal of the Cape-Merchant : And
u that all Offence committed by them fhall be
“ punifhed by the faid Cape-Merchant, according
M to his Difcretion j and that our Laws fhall
“ take no Hold of their Perfons or Goods.
“ Item , W e charge and command, that ye
our Subjedfs, trading with them for any of their f
“ Commodities, do pay them for the fame, ac-
“ cording to Agreement, without Delay, or Re-
“ turn of their Wares again.
“ Item , For fuch Commodities as they have
“ now brought, or fhall hereafter bring, fit and
* Or, Reign. b Kemfer writes this other Name of Ongojio Sama, (as he calls him) Ijejas ; which, in
the Englijh Orthography, is Ijejas.
. Vol. I. N°24. Rrr fide,
49°
i6i 3-
Saris
Proclamation
agaitiji tbc
newConverts,
Mfaco a<
great City,.
Cb'ufJM
m japan.
Voyages of the Engl
fide, an Anfwer was brought, with a (lender a
Prefen t, viz. five Japan Gowns, and two Kattans,
or Swords.
The ninth, the General departed from Su-
runga , for Edoo. About a Month before his Ar¬
rival, the Emperor being difpleafed with the new
Converts, had ordered by Proclamation, that they
fhould forthwith remove, with their Churches,,
to Nangafaki, a Town on the Coaft, about eight
Leagues from Firanao ; and, that no Cbriflian
Church fhould (land,- nor Mafs be faid, within b
ten Leagues of his Court, upon Pain of Death.
A while after, fome twenty-feven of the Natives,
all Men of good Fafhion, met privately,^ to hear
Mafs, in an Hofpital, founded by the Chrijlians
for Lepers: Whereof, the Emperor being in¬
formed, commanded, that they fhould^ be fhut
up in an Houfe for one Night, and fuffer Death
next Day. It happened, that the fame Evening,
a Heathen was clapped up in the fame Houfe, for
Debt : But next Morning, when the Officer called c
at the Door for fuch as were Chrijlians to come
forth, to go to Execution ; and, thofe who re¬
nounced the fame, to ftay behind : This Man,
having in the Night, been inftructed by the reft,
refolutely came out, and was crucified with them.
I n their Paflage toward Miako , from Surunga ,
there fell fo much Rain, that the Rivers being
impaftable, they did not get thither till the fix-
teenth of October. Miako is the greateft City of
Japan , and confifts chiefly of Merchants. The d
principal Fotoqui , or Temple of the whole Coun¬
try, is there: It is built of Freeftone, and is as
long as it is from the Weft End of St, Paul’ s, in
London , to the Choir; being as high arched, and
born upon Pillars, as that is. Here many Bonzas
attended, (as the Priefts do among Papifts) for
their Maintenance, which arofe out of the Offer¬
ings made at an Altar there. Thefe Offerings
confifted of Rice, and Pieces of fmall Money,
called Kundrijus , (twenty of which make an Eng- e
lijh Shilling). Near this Altar, was a Copper
Idol, by the Natives called Mannada, very like
that of Dabis above-mentioned, but much higher,
for it reached to the very Arch. The Fotoqui ,
begun by Faikq Sama , was then newly finifhed by
his Son. Within its Inclofure had been buried,
(by Report of the Inhabitants) the Ears and Nofes
of three thoufand Koreans , who were maffacred
at one Time. Upon the Grave is raifed a Mount,
with a Pyramid at Top : The Mount was green f
and very neat. Near this Temple, was kept the
Horfe,. which Taiko Sama laft rode on ; which
having never been backed afterwards, his Hoofs were
furprifingly grown. The Fotoqui flood upon the
Top of an Hill, and had an Avenue to it, with
fifty Freeftone Pillars on each Side. They flood
ten Paces afunder j and upon them were Lant-
i s h to the East Indie s.
horns, where Lights were burned every Night,
fed with Lamp Oil.
I n this City, the Portugue ze Jefuits have a very
(lately College, where are feveral Japanefe of the
fame Order ; who preach, and have the New
Teflament printed in their own Language. Here
alfo many Children of the Natives are educated,
and inftrudted in the Romijh Faith ; nor are there
fewer than five or fix thoufand J apanefe of that
Profeffion in this City.
Besides the Fotoqui , before defcribed, there
are many others in Miako. The Tradefmen,
and Artificers, are diftributed by themfelves, eve¬
ry Occupation and Trade in their feveral Streets;
and not mixed together, as they are in the Towns
in England.
Here, after waiting fome Time for the Em¬
peror’s Prefent, it was delivered to them ; being
ten Beobs, or large Pictures, to hang a Chamber
with.
The twentieth, they departed from Miako,
and came the fame Night to Fujhimi. Next Day
about Noon, they arrived at Ofaka , where the
People were very rude : For they followed them,
fome crying, FojJin ! Toffm ! that is, Chineas,
Chineas ; others, Kore , Kore , or Koreans , and
flinging Stones: The graved People in the Town,
not once rebuking, but rather encouraging them.
Here they found the Galley ready, which attend¬
ed at the King of Firandd s Charge, ever fince
their Landing. The twenty-fourth, at Night,
they all embarked for Firandoy where they arrived
the fixth of November, and were kindly welcom¬
ed by King Foyne.
All this while, their People had fold but lit¬
tle; no Stranger being ever allowed to offer Goods
to Sale, without exprefs Permiffion from the
Emperor : Befidjjs, they found the Natives more
backward than before, to buy their Broad-cloths,
the chief Commodity intended for thofe Parts ;
and which, they were informed, had been fold
there at forty Ryals of Eight the Matte. This
Change happened by their obferving, that the
Englijh themfelves were but little inclined to wear¬
ing the Thing which they recommended to them :
For, faid they, you commend your Cloth to us,
but you yourfelves wear fcarce any of it ; the
better Sort of you having Silk Cloatns, the meaner
Fuftian, &c. Saris takes this Occafion, to re¬
commend the more general Ufe and Confumption
of Broad-cloth among his Countrymen, in order
to induce, and encourage other Nations, to pur-
chafe that Staple Commodity.
SECT. XL
Quarrels among the Sailors, apology from Nanga-
£tki. King Foyne fends for Englifti Vicluals-:
Brings
College of
Jefuits,
7 1e Englil'}
mobbed at
Ofaka.
Hjtiarrih a-
ming tbe
Sttbrt,
Voyages of the English
Brings three Courtezans aboard. Vifit frotn the
King of Krats. Factory fettled at Firando.
JJlands of Fifoers Of San-cha, and Ko-tan.
Trade-lVinds in thefe Parts.
TH E feventh of November , the General fent
Prefents to the Kings 5 after which, paying
them a Vifit, he was kindly entertained.
The eighth, Andrew Palmer , Steward of the
Ship, and JVilliam MarnelJ Gunner’s Mate, lay
afhore all Night; and, in a drunken Frolick,
went into the Field and fought, and wounded
each other fo dangeroufly, that it was thought
the firft would hardly efcape with Life a, and that
the latter would be lame of his Hands for ever.
Upon this, next Morning, very early, the Ge¬
neral went aboard, carrying Mr. Cocks along
with him ; and calling the Matter, and all the
Officers into his Cabbin, acquainted them, in a
folemn Manner, with this Affair; telling them at
to the East Indies]
ferves, with many no lefs fugared conferved
Words of Compliment in his Letters. He pre¬
tended he was forry, that the feven Men were1
gone away in his Abfence ; and excufed both
himfeif, and the Padres , or Jefuits, alledging,
that they had no Hand in the Matter, or ever
gave out, that the Englifo were Heretics or
Thieves. As to the Men, he faid, three of them
were gone in a Soma of China or Japan , for the
Manillas ; and the other four, in a Portuguese
Vefl'el : But the General looked upon thefe Words
as fpoken only to excufe themfelves, and lay the
Fault upon others ; for the Spaniards love not the
Portuguese , neither of them the Japanefe , much
lefs the Japanefe them.
The eleventh, the General went and vinted Tbe ft**
Nobefane , who received him kindly, and would -1" s^Jjj
have had him come to dine next Day ; but he viaualt ,
excufed himfeif on account of his Hurry of Bufi-
nefs, and fhort Stay. On his Return, he met the
the fame Time, that he was informed of fome c old King Fcyne at his Houfe, whodefired to have
other Quarrels among the Ship’s Company, which
were to be decided in the fame Manner : That
thefe Courfes gave him great Concern ; and that
he begged they might be prevented in Time ;
for that otherwife the Ship would be difpeopled, to
the Ruin of their Voyage, and great Lofs to the
Honourable Company, who had put their Truft
in them. He added, that Foyne Sama , the old
King, had complained of thefe Excefles, and gave
him Warning, that if any more came on Shore <
to fight, and filed Blood in his Country, (contra¬
ry to his Laws) he would order them to be cut
in Pieces ; for that he would not allow Strangers
greater Privilege in that Refpe£f, than his own
Subje&s. This put them in a great Confterna-
tion ; and they promifed all fiiould be eafy for the
future. At his Return to the Englijb Houfe,
Foyne Sama , the King, came to vifit him, and
told the General, that the Piece of Poldavis , and
a Safii which he gave him, were confumed in the
Fire, when his Houfe was burned. .This was a
fort of begging two more, which Saris promifed
him ; and, (the better to reftrain fighting) got the
King to fend fome of his People aboard, with
John Japan , the Jure Baffin (or Linguift) to fig-
nify to the Company, that if any of them, for
the future, came aftiore to fight, he had given
Orders to cut them in Pieces, and not fuffer one
to return aboard.
two Pieces of Englijb powdered Beef, and two of
Pork, boiled withTurneps, Raddifti, and Onions,
by the Englijb Cook, and fent to him ; which
Saris ordered accordingly.
The twelfth, the Governors of both the Kings
came to vifit him at the Englijb Houfe ; and
from thence went aboard, (accompanied by Mr.
Cocks) in order to caution the Matter, and reft
of the Company, from thenceforward, not to
come aftiore to fight, and filed Blood : For, that
by the Laws of the Country, they, who met to
fight, and drew their Weapons, were to be put
to death ; and, that all who faw them in the
A&ion, were obliged to kill both Parties, under
Pain of Deftru&ion to themfelves, and their
whole Generation.
The fourteenth, the General fent Mr. Cocks,
and his Jure Bajfo , to entreat the Kings, to pro¬
vide him a Dozen able Seamen, to go with him
for England ; propofing to give them fuch Wages
as their Highneffes thought reafonable. The
Kings being engaged about other Affairs, they
fpoke to their Secretaries, who told them there
was no Occafion to trouble the Kings about that
Matter ; promifing to fee they fiiould be furnifii-
ed with a Dozen good Men, and took this Appli¬
cation kindly.
On this Occafion, they faid, there were many
idle Fellows about the Town, who would be
Apsbyfrcm Towards Night, John Comas , a Spaniard , f ready enough to go with them to Sea, but were
ftaiijjaiaki. came from Nangafaki , and brought two Letters fit only to confume the Provifions : They added,
from Domingo Francifco , one for the General, that the Flemmings had made ule of fuch ; but
and the other for Mr. Cocks ; likewife a Prefent that it was not known what became either o*
of three Bafkets of Sugar, and a Pot of Con- them, or the Ship.
a Palmer died on the twenty-fifth, though not of his Wounds, as the Surgeon attefted ; but through his
own Obftinacy. ^
Rrr 3
492
1613.
Saris.
firings three
Whores a-
board.
V'.fit from
the King of
Voyages of the English
The eighteenth, Foyne, the old King, fent a
the General Word, he would come and vifit him,
and bring the dancing Bears. Thefe Bears proved
to be three Courtezans, who came with two or
three Men in Company. They all danced, and
made Mufic after the Country Falbion, which
founded but harfh to the Ears of the Englifh.
The nineteenth, Captain Cbinefa, (their Land¬
lord) and George Duras, the Portuguese, came to
defire the General, to fend to Semidone , to pro¬
cure the Liberty of two honeft poor Men, in
danger of lofing their Lives, only for bidding a
poor Rogue fly, who had ftolen a little Piece of
Lead, not worth three-halfpence : The Malefac¬
tor was taken, and put to death ; nor would his
Advifers have efcaped the fame Punifhment, had
not the General fent Mr. Cocks with his Ring to
Semidone, begging him to fue for their Pardon,
on his own Account, which accordingly he did.
The twentieth, Samedon , the King of Krats ,
fent Word, he would come aboard the Ship ;
where the General received him, accompanied with
both the Kings of Firando. They were compli¬
mented with five Pieces, at their Entry aboard ;
and three more with Bullets, were fhot at a Mark,
at the Requeft of Samedon : Who gave him two
Pikes, or ‘Japan Staves with Kattans , or Sables ,
on the Ends ; after which they departed, with
feven Difcharges, for a Farewel ; one being with
Shot, at the Mark aforefaid.
The twenty -fe con d, the General fent the King
of Krats a Prefent, which was delivered to him,
while he was at Breakfaft at Tomefane’s , the young
King’s Houfe. He took it very kindly, fending
the General Word by Mr. Cocks , that he was
doubly obliged to him ; firft for his kind Enter¬
tainment aboard, and now, for this valuable Pre¬
fent, of fuch Things as his Country did not af¬
ford : Adding, that he had done nothing to de-
ferve the Favour ; and, that the Recompence he
to the EAST INDIES.
could make was, to give all thofe of the Englifh e
Nation a hearty Welcome for the General’s Sake,
if ever they fhould come into his Dominions.
The twenty-fixth, a Japanefe was put to death,
fome faid for Theft, others, that he was a Houfe-
burner a. The Ship being ready to depart, feve-
ral of the Inhabitants applied for Money owing
them from the Ship’s Company : Whereupon the
General, to prevent a greater Inconvenience,
thought fit to make Satisfaction, and flop it out
of their Wages. f
The twenty-eighth, the Captain afiembled the 161$.
Counfel of Merchants ; where, in Confideration of Saris,
the Encouragement they had received in the Mo- •“v—
Inkkas ; a Dutch Factory being already planted in
Firando ; the large Privileges obtained of theran(j0i
Emperor of Japan ; the certain Advice they had
of Englifh Factories being fettled in Siam and Pa -
tane ; the Commodities appointed for thefe Parts,
ftill remaining unfold, upon their Hands; and the
Profit, which farther Experience might proba¬
bly produce : It was refolved, that a FaCtory
fhould be left there, confifting of eight Englifh ,
three Japanefe Jure Baffos , or Interpreters, and
two Servants ; who were appointed, againft the
Coming of the next Ships, to fearch and difeover
the Coafts of Korea , Pufhmay , and other Parts of
Japan , with the Countries adjoining, to fee what
Good might be done in any of them.
The fifth of December , Mr. Richard Cocksy
who was appointed Captain, and Cape-Merchant
of the new FaCtory, took his Leave of the Ge¬
neral on board the Clove , with his Afliftants b.
After their Departure, the Company being muf-
tered aboard, were found to be forty-fix Englifh ,
five Swarts , fifteen Japanefe , and three Paflen-
gers; fixty-nine in all. Of their Number, fince
the Ship’s Arrival, two had died, one was killed,
and feven ran away. By an exaCt Obfervation
on Shore, they found this Ifland of Firando to
{land in Latitute thirty-three Degrees thirty Mi¬
nutes, North; Variation, two Degrees fifty Mi¬
nutes, Eaft. Every Thing being ready, they fet
Sail for Bantam , refolving to keep along the Coaft
of China.
The feventh, having ran from Firando fixty-
nine Leagues South by Weft nearly, they felt the
great Current, which fhoots out between the
Ifland Korea c, and the Main of China , and made
a very great Sea, the Wind being at North-Weft,
a Storm. Being in twenty-nine Degrees forty-one
Minutes, they fleered Weft South- Weft, to make
Cape Lambor , upon the Coaft of China : The
Sea was very much grown, and the Wind fohigh,
that it blew their Main-courfe out of the Bolt-
ropes.
The twelfth, before Day, they founded, and
had thirty-five Fathom oozy. In the Morning,
they judged themfelves to be near the Coaft of
China ; and had Sight of three hundred Sail of
Junks, from twenty to thirty Tons, and upwards,
whereof two came to the Windward clofe by
a He was led by the Hangman to Execution j one carrying a Board before him, whereon was written the Fad
he had committed ; as the like was written in a Paper Flag, over his Head ; and two Pikemen followed him,
with the Points of their Pikes clofe to his Back, to have killed him, if he had offered to refill:. b Their
Names were, William Adams , (entertained at an hundred Pounds the Year to the Company’s Service) Tempefl
Peacock , Richard Wiikam, William Eaton, Walter Car-warden, Edouard Sares, and William N elf on. c Korea
was thought to have been an Ifland for a long Time after.
them.
6 i 3.
Sr is.
iU */
] fr».
|San-cha,
K.otan.
Voyages of the Englis
them. Perceiving them to be Fifhermen, they a
let them pafs ; but could not prevail by any Means
to get fome of them to come aboard. Prefently
they faw the two Iflands, called, The Fijhers,
bearing Weft by North, half North, about four
Leagues off *. Latitude this Day, twenty-five
Degrees fifty-nine Minutes, North. Soon after
they fleered along the Land South South-Eaft,
having very much Wind ; and, about feven at
Night, came fair by a Rock, that lay full in their
Courfe, which, as it happened, they defcried by b
Moon-light, fuppofing to have run from Noon,
to this Time, twelve Leagues. They were with¬
in twice the Ship’s Length of the Rock ; and
there had thirty Fathom. Then they hauled-off
South, the Wind continually following them, as
the Land trended.
Th e thirteenth, they fleered South- Weft, keep¬
ing fair by the Iflands, lying along the Main of
China, about five Leagues off. The fourteenth, they
held on the fame Courfe, and next Morning, c
came among many Fifher-boats; but had fo much
Wind, that they could not fpeak with them ; on¬
ly the Fifhermen made Signs to them, to keep up
to theWeftward, (as they thought) being three
Leagues from Land. This Day their Latitude
was twenty-one Degrees forty Minutes, North ;
and they had run, by Calculation, fince the
twelfth, one hundred and forty Leagues. Having
a ftiff Gale at North North-Eaft, they fteered-in
Weft North-Weft, Northerly, to make the Land ; d
and about two Hours after had Sight of it : But,
by Reckoning, fhould not have been near it, by
fifty-fix Leagues.
The Iflands along the Coaft of China lie
more Southerly than in the Charts. About three
in the Afternoon, they were by an Ifland, called
San-cha , about two Leagues off: They fleered
South-Weft along the Land, efteeming to have
run, fince Noon, three Leagues Weft North-
Weft. _ e
The eighteenth, their Latitude was fifteen
Degrees forty-three Minutes, North ; and their
Way, by Calculation, frnce the fifteenth, one
hundred and forty Leagues, South-Weft by South.
At five in the Afternoon, they had Sight of Palo
Kotan , bearing about five Leagues to the South-
Weft. This Bland is high Land, and lies about
twenty Leagues (by Report) Weft ward of the
Shoal, called Plaxel : They founded about eight
o’Clock, but had no Ground. f
Next Morning, the Coaft of Kamboja was on
the Starboard Side, about two Leagues off. They
fleered along South by Eaft, Eafterly, keeping
the Main in Sight; and, at Noon, were in thir-
h to the East Indies.
493
teen Degrees thirty-one Minutes, North; Way, 1613.
South by Weft, fourty -four Leagues. They pro- -Saris,
ceeded South South-Weft, reckoning to be thwart v— * V""
a Varella. Keeping about two Leagues from
Shore, they founded, but had no Ground at fifty
Fathom. Kamboja lies more Eafterly in the Charts,
than it fhould : For the Courfe which the Coaft
obliged them to take, ((landing afar off ) ihewed,
that the Land here lies South South- Weft, and
North North-Eaft, having divers Rocks like
Iflands ; fome one League, fome a League and an
half diftant ; but otherwife, no Danger that they
could lee. It mult be obferved alfo, that here 'Trade Wwdt
they found the Winds trade along the Shore ; {orint^efeFarts’
from Firando hither, they went large, finding
the Wind to follow them, as the Land trended.
The twentieth, they were in ten Degrees fifty-
three MinutesNorth; their Courfe South by Weft
fifty-four Leagues, the Wind being at North, a ftiff
Gale along the Shore. Three Glafles b after,
they had obferved, they had Sight of a fmall
Bland, which they judged to be that at the End
of the Shoal, called Pulo Sid ; and, at five
Glafles they founded, and had eleven Fathom,
fine Sand, two Leagues off the Shore. Then they
fleered South-Weft, to bring the Point of Pulo
Sid a-ftern; and, about two Glafles after, had
fifteen Fathom. They found Linfcboteri s Book
to be very exadl, having conftantly made it their
Guide, ever fince their Departure from Firando .
SECT. XII.
Pulo Kondor IJland. Pulo Timon. Streights of
China Bata ; full of Shoals. Dangerous Ledge
of Rocks. Return to Bantam. Price of Pepper
there. Mojl of the City burnt down. King of
Firando’ j Letter to King James. Remainder of
Bantam burnt . Return homewards. The Bay
of Saldanna. Arrive at Piymouth. Informa¬
tions concerning Yedzo, with the Town and Port
cf Machma.
TH E twenty-firft, they were in nine De- Pui0 Kondor
grees forty-three Minutes North, and fail -Ijlnd.
ed South-Weft, a quarter Weft, thirty - four
Leagues. Next Morning, they had Sight of an
Bland, called Pulo Kondor, about five Leagues off;
At Noon, their Latitude was eight Degrees twen¬
ty Minutes, North. They had run South-Weft
by Weft, near forty-one Leagues, and had Depth
betwixt eighteen and twenty-two Fathoms. Then
they fleered South South- Weft, for the Land
called The Seven Points.
The twenty-fifth, their Depth was betwixt
thirty and thirty- five Fathom. About four
a They fleered, fince the feventh, betwixt South and South- Weft, as far as appears there being no Reckon¬
ing on the tenth. b That. is, an Hour and half ; for they ufe Half-hour Glafles for computmg the Way
the Ship runs. x “ o’Ciock
494
PuloTimon
Streights of
China Bata,
Full of
Shah,
Dangerous
Ledge of
Rods,
Voyages of the Engl
o’Clock in the Morning, they made the Ifland
called Pulo Timon , about five Leagues diftant j
and, at Noon, the South Part of it bore South
South- Weft, Wefterly, about fix Leagues off.
Latitude two Degrees thirty-eight MinutesNorth,
having failed, fince the twenty-fecond, by Cal¬
culation, South South- Weft W. ioi 1 Leagues.
The twenty- eighth, having run eighty-two
Leagues South South-Eaft, by Calculation, fince
the twenty-fifth, Depth betwixt thirty-feven, and
fifteen Fathom, they gueffed by the Eye, that
China Bala was about a League and an half off,
being low Land, and at the South-Weft Point,
full of Trees, or Bufhes. At fix Glaffes, After¬
noon, they founded, and had twenty Fathom
oozy Ground, fteering along the Land South
South-Eaft, between fome low Iflands on their
Starboard, and feveral fmall Iflands on their Lar¬
board, which make the Streights of China Bata.
They found thefe Streights to be truly laid down
in the Plat, or Draught, made by Jan Janfon
Mole , a Hollander , which he gave to Mr. Hippon ,
and he to the Company.
The twenty-ninth, a little before Noon, per¬
ceiving the Water much changed a-head, they
plied the Lead, and in half a Glafs, had feven
Fathom and an half ; efpying a Shoal right a-
head, which feemed triangular, {harp to the South,
Weftward, not far from the Entrance of the
Streights of China Bata. This Shoal lieth very
danaeroufly ; but is truly placed in the Charts,
with its Depths. Latitude this Day, four Degrees
fix Minutes North ; Courfe, South by Weft,
thirty Leagues ; Wind at North-W eft and North.
Finding the Place full of Shoals by their
Sounding, at eight o’Clock at Night, they came
to an Anchor in feven Fathoms, foft fandy
Ground.
The thirtieth, in the Morning, they had
Sight of the Darling , plying for Koromandel ; her
Company twenty-one Englijh , and nine Swarts.
By them they were informed of the Death of Sir
Henry Middleton , and Lofs of the Trade s-In-
creafe, &c. Way, South South- Weft, half Weft,
fifteen Leagues ; Depth betwixt fourteen and four
Fathom, a hard fandy Ground, a Shoal ; efteem-
ing it to be that defcribed in Mole s Plat, and
not that what which they took it for. This
Night, all Sails being out, they paffed by afunken
Ledge of Rocks, within a Stone’s Caft of the
Top of them, which only was feen above Wa¬
ter : But being awaked by the Noife of the
Breakers upon it, they prefently let fall their An¬
chor, finding feventeen Fathom and an half,
oozy Ground ; and fo faved themfelves from im¬
minent Danger, being in a great Tide girt in.
ish to the East Indies!
a Next Morning, they were in Sight of the high igj '
Land of Sumatra , with an Ifland a-ftern. Then Satis
they paffed a Shoal, or Ledge of Rocks, on the sr A
Starboard Side, and three fmall Iflands on the
Larboard-bow, lying in a T riangle. Depth from shoal.
ten to feven, and from nine to twenty-two Fa¬
thoms, about eight Leagues off the High-land of
Java : But they could not get-in, becaufe it fell
calm.
The firft of January, being calm, was moft
b fpentat an Anchor. The fecond, having a little
Wind, they fet Sail ; and about eight o’Clock,
met with the Expedition ; and, underftanding fhe
was bound homeward, laden with Pepper, they
wrote by them to their Friends in England.
The third, they came to an Anchor in Ban- Haunt
tarn Road, where the General (to their great Banu®
Concern) found no Lading in Readinefs : For
which, blaming thofe, whom he had left there
to provide it, all their Excufe was, that they did
c not expedt him fo foon. This was a Lofs to
them ; for, as it was known, that they were home¬
ward bound, and muft lade Pepper, the People
took Advantage of it, and raifed the Price. This,
Ke-wi , the chief Chinefe Merchant, told the Ge¬
neral in plain Terms, and refufed to fell for
twelve and an half Ryals the ten Sacks. Of the
ten, left in the Fadfory here for the eighth Voy¬
age, (at their Departure for Japan) they found
but five living at their Return : But between Ft-
d rando and Bantam , they loft only one Man.
The fourth, in the Morning, the General
vifited the Governor of Bantam , and prefented
him with two fair Rattans , befides divers other
Things of Value. He afterwards bargained with Price oj
Ke-uui and Lak-moy, for four thoufand Sacks of PtMer %
Pepper, at thirteen Ryals of Eight the ten Sacks ;
BaJJe , three the hundred ; and appointed the Mer¬
chants to haften the Milling thereof all they
could.
Th e fifth was fpent in reducing their feveral
e Factories here to one Government, and fettling
them in one Houfe : Order was alfo taken, that
the Expence of Diet Ihould be more frugally ma¬
naged, and not fo much fpent in Arrack Houfes
abroad, or on Hang-by-Swarts 3 at home, as of
late had been : The Number of Warehoufes like-
wife were leffened, and the Goods better flow¬
ed.
The fixth, the Pepper received the Day be¬
fore, being weighed again, they found moft of
f the Sacks hard "Weight ; and many to want of
what the King’s Beam allowed. Wherefore, the
General fent for the Weigher, and ufing him
kindly, begged him to take a little more Care
for the future j and, to engage him the more.
That is, Hangers-on, or unneceflary Indians ,
3
ordered
Voyages of the Englij
614. ordered him five Ryals of Eight: Whereupon, a
Saris, he promifed to mend his Fault.
SUNDAY, ; the fixteenth, the General hap-
' C'V pening to ftay aboard, about two, Afternoon, the
Town was all in a Flame : Wherefore, the Skiff
was prefently fent afhore well manned, to help
the Merchants to guard the Goods. The Wind
was fo violent, that almoft all the Town was
burnt down in a Moment t But the Englijh
and Dutch Houfes, had the good Fortune to
efcape. b
The twentieth, Saris procured Lak-moy, and
Lan-ching , two Chinefe Merchants, to tranflate
the Letter, which the King of Firando had given
him for King James : It was written in the Chi¬
nefe Character and Language, which they tran-
flated into the Malayan ; and, in Englijh , is as
followeth, viz.
To the King of Gre at-Brit ain, &c.
Mojl Mighty King,
L/Fi- TJOW acceptable your Majejly s affectionate
ao’« Let- JT1 Letter , and noble Prefent of many valuable
Things , fent by your Servant Captain John Saris,
is to me , I cannot fuffciently exprefs : Nor how great
Happinefs I efeem it to enjoy your Highnefs s Friend -
Jhip ; for which 1 render you my Thanks , defiring the
Continuance of your Majejly s AJfeCiion and Ac¬
quaintance. I am heartily glad of your Subjects
fafe Arrival at my fmall If and, from fo long a
Journey : My Aid and Furtherance they Jhall not
want to the uttermof , in their worthy and laudable
Enterprifes of Difcovery and Merchandizing , their
Diligence wherein I cannot but highly commend. So
referring myfelf for their Entertainment here to your
Servant’s Report , by whom I return unto your Ma-
jefy an unworthy Token , I heartily wijh your Ma-
jefy long Life. From my Place a of Firando the
fxth Day of our tenth Month.
Your Majefys ajfeClionate Friend ,
Commander of this If and Firando in Japan,
Foyne Sam Mafam.
They could not well pronounce his Nameb,
for Lan-ching faid it was Foyne Fojhin Sam c ; but
Lak-moy would have it to be as it is above-writ¬
ten.
h to the East I n $ r e s. 495
The twenty- fecond, another Fire broke out, 1614*
w7hich confumed all the Houfes that the former, Sa:is.
had fpared ; yet the Dutch and Englifo Houfes
efcaped again. _ CityVnu
The twenty-fixth, arrived from Holland the
Flujhing , a thoufand Tons Burden. At the Ifland
Mayo the Company had mutined, and would
have murdered the Captain in his Cabin, had not
a Scotchman difcovered the Plot, juft as they were
ready to execute their Defign : So that they were
feized between Decks, with their Weapons about
them. In this Ship were feveral Englijh and Scotch
Soldiers. Towards Evening, fhe fet fail for Jak-
katra.
The firft of February , the Darling was forced
to return hither, and Order, by common Con-
fent, was taken, both for her Goods and imme¬
diate Departure to Sokadanna d, and thence to
Patane and Siam.
The thirteenth, they got out of the Streights
: of Sunda e. In thefe Streights, the Tide floods •
twelve Hours to the Eaftward, and ebbs twelve
Hours to theWeftward.
The fixteenth of May , 1614, they came to Buy of S*1V’
an Anchor in the Bay of Saldanna , where they danr‘a’
found the Concord f of London. Upon their Arrival,
the Natives complained, by Signs to them, that
two of their People had been carried away by
Force, which had incenfed them very much a-
gainft the Englijh. They had wounded one of
1 the Concord’ sMen very dangeroufly, and affaulted
the Men who kept the Clove’s Skiff, (while the
General went up into the Land) carried away
the Grapnel, and obliged the Men to take the
Water to fave themfelves.
The nineteenth, there arrived a Flemmijh Ship
bound for Bantam , Cornells Van Harte , Mafter.
The Clove remained in this Bay twenty- three
Days; and having well refrefhed, fhe took-in four¬
teen Oxen, and feventy Sheep alive : Befldes good
e Store of Fifh and Beef, which was powdered
there, and found to take Salt well, contrary to
common Report.
The twenty-feventh of September , they ar¬
rived at Plymouth : Where, for the Space of five Arrive at'
or fix Weeks, they -endured more tempeftuous plymou^h»
Weather, and ran greater Danger both of the
Ship and their Lives, than they had done the
whole Voyage before.
The Author, after his Return, added to his
f Journal the following Particulars concerning Yed-
* It fhould, methinks,. be Palace, or Refidence in Firando. b Rather they could not tell what it was¬
hy the Charafters, which might have had different Sounds fixed to them. c This comes to pafs through
the Defett of the Chinefe Characters. For to exprefs proper Names, they are obliged to borrow the Characters
of other Words, that are of like or neareft Sound ; which often caufes Miftakes, as Jofeph Acefa has obferved.
Purcbas. d In the Iiland Borneo. e It is not mentioned when they left Bantam , [ The firft
Ship fet out for the joint Stock of the Eaf India Society,
' The Ijhrtd
Yedzo,
Maclinn*
'Town and
Fort.
Voyages of the Englis
zo, which he received in the City of Edoo from a
a Japanefe , who had been there twice.
TEDZO is an Ifland on the North-Weft
Side of Japany at ten Leagues Diftance : The
Inhabitants are white, and good-natured, but very
hairy all over like Monkeys. Their Weapons
are Bows and poifoned Arrows : The People in
the Southermoft Part are acquainted with Weights
and Meafures ; which, thirty Days Journey with¬
in the Land, they are ignorant of. The Ifland
yields Plenty of Silver and Gold Duft, which b
they pay the Japanefe for their Commodities.
Neceflaries for the Belly and Back are the moft fale-
ableWare. Iron and Lead are brought to them from
‘Japan. Rice and Cottons of Japan are in good
Rcqueft. Rice particularly, tranfported from Ja¬
pan hither, hath yielded four for one a.
The Town of Machma b is their principal
Mart, where thefe Japanefe have their chief Re-
hdence, in which are five hundred Families of
• them. They likewife have a Fort there, the c
Governor whereof is called Machmadonna. Hi¬
ther the Natives from the Country muft refort
to buy and fell, efpecially in September , for Pro-
vifion againft Winter. In March they bring
down Salmon, and dried Fifli of fundry Sorts,
and other Wares, for which the Japanefe barter,
chufing thefe rather than Silver.
The Japanefe have no fettled Being or Trade
in any other Town here befides. Further to the
Northward, upon the fame Land, there are Peo- d
h to the East Indies.
pie of very low Stature, like Dwarfs ; but the
Tedzos c are as tall as the Japanefe : They have
no Apparel, but what is brought them from Ja¬
pan.
There is a very violent Current between
Tedzo and Japan , running from Korea Eaft North-
Eaft. The Winds here are generally as in Ja¬
pan , viz. Northerly Winds from September to
March , and Southerly Winds for the other half
Year.
Latitudes.
Angoxas Iflands near Mozambik
- Variation —r —
Ifland near Mozambik —
- Longitude • —
- Variation Weft —
Moyella Ifland — — — •
Tamarin Bay — — — -
— - - Variation Weft —
Cape Komorin — — —
Machian — — — —
Bachian , Dutch Fort there —
- Variation Eaft —
Pelebere — — —
-Variation — — — • —
Spanift) Fort on Tidor
Doy Ifland — —
■ — - Variation Eaft —
Firando exact — —
— 160
20' S.
— 13
00
— 16
32
— 76
10
— 1 1
50
— 12
J3
— 12
35 N.
— 18
42
~ 7
42
— 0
15
■ — 0
50 S.
— 4
48
— 0
26
— 3
28
— 0
50
— 2
35
■ ~ 5
20
“ 33
30
- — 2
50
CHAP. XVII.
Occurrences at Bantam, and other Parts of the Eaft Indies, from October 1605,
till Odtober 1609; with an Account of the Marts and Commodities of thoje
Parts.
By Captain John Saris d.
SECT. I.
A Chinefe Junk taken by Sir Edward Michel-
borne. Saris fent for to Court , and examined
thereupon. Floe Dutch dif cover New Guinea :
Are forced from Ternata. Eclipfe of the Moon .
Earthquake at Bantam. Dutch attack Ma-
lakka : Repulfed by the Portugueze. Some of
them put to Death in Borneo. St. Lucia If and.
THE feventhof Oftober, 1605, the General
Henry Middleton , and Captain Chrifloper
e Coultburft departed from Bantam'R.oaA for England.
The eighth, they killed one of the Keygus Varow’s
Slaves, who attempted to fire their Houfe.
The twenty- third, here arrived a Junk
the Flemmings from Priaman , by whom they had by Miche
Intelligence of Sir j Edward Mich elborne, and Cap- borDe’
tain Davis , being upon the Coaft j and that they
had
* That is, fold for four Times as much as it coll. b In Purchas , Matchma. c As if there were
another Sort of People in the Ifland. This Account of a Pigmy Race, like that of the hair y Tedzos, is, to
be fure, all Fiction ; but the Chinefe exceed the Japanefe themfelves in their Inventions of this People. See
du Halde's Defcription of China , vol. 2. p. 248. d What is farther necefiary to be known concerning
tills Traft, may be found in the Title prefixed by Purchas , vol. r. p. 384, viz. Obfervations of the faid Captain
John
4
6o6.
Satis.
1'ieexa-
,l-d there-
|i»
Voyages of the
had taken a Guzerat Junk in the Streights of a
Sunda , bound from Bantam to Priaman.
The twenty-fifth, upon a Report which the
Flemmings had made of Sir Edward , they were
font for to Court; where it was demanded, whe¬
ther they knew him ? And why he fhould offer
Violence to the King’s Friends, who had done
him no Wrong ? It was anfwered, that they
knew a Knight fo called, but that, whether he was
upon the Coaft, or that the Guzerat Ship was
taken, they knew not, but by Report of the b
Flemmings , which they deemed to be falfe ;
and that, upon farther Inquiry, it might prove
rather to be one of the Flemming's Ships, which
fet-fail two Days before the Departure of the faid
Guzerat from Bantam: Whereupon they were
difmifled till farther Proof could be made.
The twenty-fixth, Admiral Vanbangen a of
XJtrecht departed for Holland , with two Ships
more, by whom the Englifl) advifed the Company
of all Matters at large. c
The twenty-ninth. Sir Edward Michelborne
arriving at Bantam, Mv. Towrfon and the Author
went aboard him. There he mentioned the taking
of the Guzerat: Whereupon they begged him
not to meddle with any more of the Chinefe Junks ;
and he promifed he would not. The fecond of
November , he fet fail for the Streights of P ailing-
ban.
The thirteenth, there arrived a fmall Ship of
English to the East Indies.
497
1606.
sane.
beaten very thin, of an Hand’s Breath ; EngliJJ)
Iron, coarfe Porcelain, Taffaties, China Pans,
and Beils. The twentieth, there came in a Chinefe
Junk, which Sir Edward Michelborne had rifled,
and Reftitution was demanded of the Factory ;
the Governor and principal Courtiers being very
much offended : But they were pacified by the
Admiral, and th e Shah Bandar. The Nakhada d
alledged, that many rich Parcels were taken out
of her.
The twenty-third of May , a fmall Frigat of Art forced
the Flemmings arrived from Ternata , and brought^” ^'^
away their Merchants, who had been left there
by Bajlianfon. The Spaniards had ftripped them
of all their Effects, but gave the Men their Li¬
berty. They carried the King of Ternata for
the Manillas e ; and (as it was reported) intended
to fend him for Spain. About ten Leagues from
Jakkatra , this Flemmijh Frigat chanced to meet
with the King of Bantam's fleet, which pillaged
them of all they had faved from the Spaniards.
The Flemmings endeavoured to get Reftitution,
but could obtain none of the Javans.
The twenty-ninth, the King’s Fleet returned,
having done very little againft their Enemy’s the
Pallingbans.
The fifteenth of June, here arrived Nakhada
Tingall , a Ching-inan from Banda , in a Javan
Junk, laden with Mace and Nutmegs; which he
fold here to the Guzerats for an hundred and fifty
' tch dif¬
fer New
'finea.
the Flemmings from the Molukkas , called the Lit- d Ryals of Eight the Bahar of Bantam , which is
tie Sun.
The eighteenth, a fmall Pinnace of the Flem¬
mings departed for the Difcovery of the Ifland
called Nova Guinea , which was faid to yield
great Plenty of Gold. And the twenty-fourth,
Fanfoult fet fail for Koromandel.
The fecond of December , three Junks arrived
from Pattanny b, which brought News of the
great Lofs the Flemmings had fuftained by Fire
there.
The feventeenth, General Warwick arrived
from Pattanny , where he had taken a very rich
Carak, bound from Makau c, the greateft Part
of her Lading raw Silk.
The fecond of January, 1606, a Junk of
this Town fet fail for Timor , freighted by the
Chinefe for that Ifland, with broad Plates of Silver,
four hundred and fifty Kattis. He told the Au¬
thor, that the Flemming's Pinnace, which went
upon Difcovery for Nova Guinea , was returned to
Banda , having found the Ifland : But fending
their Men afhore to defire Trade, nine of them
were killed by the Natives, who are Heathens and
Man-eaters ; fo that they were ccnftrained to re¬
turn without doing any thing.
The fixth of Auguf, the Moon was eclipfed, Edffecf
about eight o’Clock in the Evening, for two'**4
Hours ; the Chinefe and Javanefe beating Mortars
and Pans all the while, and crying out, the Moon
was dead, which made a molt hideous Noife.
The fourth of October, the China Quarter
was all burnt down, but that of the Englijh was
faved. The fame Night, the Carak of the Flem¬
mings fet fail for Holland , laden with fifteen
John Saris of Occurrents , which happened in the Eafl Indies, during his Aboad at Bantam, from October
1605, till October 1609. As likewife touching the Marts and Merchandizes of thofe Parts: Qbferajed by his
own Experience , or Relation of others. Extracted out of his larger Book , and here added as an Appendix to hu
former Voyage } and may ferve as a Continuation of Mafer StotV premifed Relations. [See before, p, 284.] 'To which
are added, , certain Obfervations of the faid Author , touching the Towns and Merchandize of principal 7 rude in thofe
Parts of the World. It remains only to take Notice, that Captain Saris was, during the Time that he made
thefe Remarks, in Quality of a Merchant or Fadtor at Bantam, as may be gathered from what has been men¬
tioned before, p. 304.fi 320. e. 330. a, d. 4 Rather, Verhagen. b Or, P atone. ^ c Or,
Makaoy near Kavton in China. It is written Mackcan in Purchas. d In Purchas, Fockhoda. The lame as
Captain cr Commander of theVeflel. * In Purchas, Mannelyes.
VOL. I.
N° 24.
S s s
thou fa nd
Voyages of /^English
thoufand Sacks of Pepper, fome raw Silk, and a
to the East Indies.
a great Quantity of China Sugar.
"The fifth, the TVeJi Frijland arrived from
Ternata , whence fhe was driven by the Spaniards :
She was not above half laden with Mace, Cloves,
and Cotton-Yarn.
The ninth, here arrived a fmall Frigat from
Sukadanna ; the Merchant, Claes Simonfon ; his
The fourteenth of May, 1607, a Malayan 1607
Junk came in from Grefe, by whom they were Sarit.
informed : That one Julius a Flemming , and five'— v
more, who left Bantam Road the thirteenth of No¬
vember, 1606, {os Sukadanna, were put to Death
at Bemermajfin a ; and all their Goods feized bj
the King of that Place, for having uttered cer¬
tain contumelious Speeches of the King: Which, .•
At Earth¬
quake*
ouRaaanna ; tne rviercnant, ^iues uunurijun , mo «• _ . . „ r , , , r . / 0 .. » Death in
Lading was Wax, Kaulakka , and great Store of coming to his Knowledge, he fen t for the Mer-^
. 0 # — •— m , 1 n jf • 1 . _ • v - A /in fl-pr tr\ rninp hpfnrp him n nn rrsvp
Dutch at¬
tack Malak
ka.
Diamonds. The thirteenth, about Midnight,
they had an Earthquake, which continued not
long ; but for the Time was very dreadful.
The thiiteenth of December, two Junks of
the Flemmings arrived from Jor , by whom they
underftood, that there was a Flemmijh Fleet of
eleven Ships before Malakka. The Orangia, Ad¬
miral, commanded by Matteleefe the Younger;
Amjierdam , Vice-Admiral; the Middle burgh,
Mauritius, Erafmus , Great Sun, Little Sun , Naf-
faw, Provincies, White Lion , and the Black Lion,
MAT the twenty -fecond, they caft Anchor
■ before Malakka , with nine Ships only ; for their
chant and Mafter to come before him, and gave
Orders to kill them by the Way.
The feventeenth of Augujl here arrived the
Great Sun from Koromandel, the Captain Peter
Ifaacfon , who informed them : That, upon the
Ifiand of Seylan b they took a great Portuguese Ship,
bound for Malakka, out of which they had eigh¬
ty Packs of feveral Sorts of Cloth, and eight
hundred Bades of Sugar : Likewife, that in the
Road of Mafulipatan, where their Factory lies,
they took another Portuguese Ship, very richly
laden with all Sorts of Commodities fit for that
Coaft ; which made it more valuable, as they were
Admiral had fent the Provincies and the Erafmus ' ignorant what Commodities were moft in Requeft
- . .1 1 11 T n d I n nr woe i Uvpc f\/T a rp TSJiifmprrc
for Achen. The fifth of June, they landed their
Men ; but a little before, the Portuguese fet Fire
to one Carak and four Junks that were in the
Road. In July, the Provincies and Erafmus join¬
ed the reft of the Fleet. The twenty-fifth of
Augujl , the Vice- Roy, with fixteen great Ships,
was difcovered by the Little Sun , that was ap-
there. Her Lading was Cloves, Mace, Nutmegs,
China Taffaties, Velvets and Damafks of the
brighteft Colours, but no white ; China Porce¬
lain, fine and coarfe, of which your great Bafons
with Brims are the beft. Laftly, That the Flem¬
mings had Factories in three feveral Towns upon
that Coaft, but not far afunder, viz. at Mafuli-
. . _ Tj x _ r m m / /. — x #1 /l A I 1 a ^ lx
Repu’frd by
the Eortu-
gueze.
pointed to keep Watch at an Ifiand, called Cape d patan, Pettapoli, and Balligat. Mafulipatan lieth
Rochado which immediately came ; and the Cap- in the Latitude of feventeen Degrees. It is a
tain pave Notice of it to the Admiral, who was Place of great Plenty of Provifioijs, thirty-two
very^much unprepared, his Ordnance and Men Hens being fold for a Ryal, twp Sheep for a Ryal,
being afhore. But the Portuguese calling a Coun- and an Ox for a Ryal : But in May, when the
cil wave the Flemming twenty-four Hours T. ime Wind is at Weft, it is fo extreme hot there, that
to Vet his Men and Guns aboard, and prepare the Breeze is ready to make one faint away: Yet
himfelf before he came to them. The Flem- you cannot fweat by any Means, till the Sun be
miners weighed as foon as they were ready, and down, and then you fhall fweat very much .
flood out of the Harbour to them, where began Wherefore in this Month they go not abroad in
a brifk Engagement, which held two Nights and g Day-time, but in the Night, for many have been
one Day. ~ The Middleburg, the Najfaiv, and
three Portuguese Ships were burnt. The Orangia
having fprung a great Leak, was obliged to put
into Jor, (that King being their great Friend and
Afliftant) the Fleet following him. There he re¬
mained a Month, and then fet- fail for Malakka
again, where he met with fix Ships of the Por-
fuffocated by the Heat.
The feventh, there arrived a fmall Pinnacest. Luc:
from an Ifiand called St. Lucia, in the Latitude7^1
of twenty-four Degrees and an half South, about
a Mile from the Ifiand of Madagafkar ; where
they were forced-in on Account of the Carak,
which departed from hence the fourth of Oflo-
o CLIH y VV 1 1 V i V X X V/ Aitv I. »T i ill • • ' A * * ^ W v A — — ^
gueze’, of which the Flemmings burnt three, and the her, 1606: Which having fprung a Leak, they
Portuguese themfelves the three others. From thence were obliged to throw over-board three thoufand
they departed for the Nikubars, where they found f Sacks of Pepper, befides other Commodities to
*•» •.■***• aw- - - - - j - - j
the Vice-Roy , with feven Ships, but fo dole haul¬
ed afhore, that they durft not meddle with them.
The twentieth, the Admiral arrived at Bantam
with fix Ships, and the twenty-ninth, departed
for the Molukkas.
a great Value. They told the Englijh, that St.
Lucia was a very good Place to refrefh in : That
the People have no Knowledge of Money : That
they bought a fat Ox for a Tin Spoon, and a
Sheep for a fmall Piece of Brafs: That it is hard
3 Rather, Ranjc.rmaJfin, in Borneo .
b In Purcbas , Selon ; called by others, C glen, and Zeylon .
2 Ground,
Voyages of the Engl
1607. Ground, and very good Riding in feven and a
Saris, eight Fathom.
The fourteenth of November , Captain David,
Middleton arrived here in the Confent of London.
SECT. II.
1 Affairs of the Dutch. They attack Mozambik :
But are repulfed. Sail to Seperdown. Mate-
leefe returns for Holland. Machian taken by
the Dutch. Governor of Bantam Jlain by the b
Nobles. Van Carle returns homewards. Account
of the Hecftor. Pulo Lamone. Artifice of the
Dutch. Saris called to an Account by the new
Governor. Dutch undermine the Englilh. De-
fign to dif cover Borneo.
1 s n to the East Indies.
499
Wain of
t Dutch.
XHE feventeenth, the Flemtnijh Admiral
Mateleefe arrived here from the Coaft of
where he hoped to have gotten Trade,
but could not : He offered them at Kanton an c
hundred thoufand Ryals of Eight for a Gift only,
but they would not accept it. He was in great
Danger of being taken there by fix Caraks which
came out of Makau on Purpofe : They made
him caft-off his Pinnace, which the Portuguese
took. He touched at Kamboya and Pahang , but
bought nothing befides Vi&uals.
The feventeenth of December , arrived the
Gelderland , from Holland. They came between
St. Laurence , and the Coaft of Africa. Their d
firft Place of Refrelhment was at Mayotta , one of
the Blands of Komora , where they fet up a fine
Pinnace. It is a good Harbour, but there are
few Cattle. ' From thence failing to Kalekut , in
their Way, they took a fmall Boat of Mekka ,
laden with Rice, having Paffengers in her of di¬
vers Nations. The T own of Kalekut lies by the
Sea-Side ; and is thought to be five Englifi. > Miles
long. The Sambarin a, which is their King,
came down to them, very richly clad ; he had a e
Crown of Gold over his Turban, and a naked
Sword in his Hand, which is their Manner. He
gave the Flemmings good Words, offering to let
them leave a Fa&ory there : But they durft not
truft him, the Portuguese being fo much in his
Favour.
The twenty-feventh. Admiral Paulus Fan
Carle , arrived at Bantam , with feven very good
Ships, and one Portuguese Frigat. They^refrefh-
ed at Cape de Lope Gonfaluo , upon the Coaft of f
Guinea b, where they found very good Water
and Filh. They ftaid here fix Weeks, having
the Wind at South-Eaft by Eaft ; and from hence
failed to an Ifland, called Annabony upon the fame 1608*
Coaft. Saris*
L/VXJ
A brief Account of their Voyage, ac¬
cording to their own Report, is as follows :
The thirtieth of March , they came to an
Anchor in the Road of Mofatitbik, in eighteen 7 bey attack
Fathoms, the Caftle firing very hotly at them : MAmbik.
But inftead of anfwering them for the Prefent,
they made Hafte to board two great Guserat
Ships, and a Frigat, which rid hard by them,
laden with Calicos, coarfe blue Cloth, with white
Spots, and fome with red ; the greateft Part of
which, they carried off, and fet the great Ships
on Fire; but the Frigat they kept. Having
muftered their Men, next Day, they found them
nine hundred ninety five, in perfect Health.
Hereupon, the firft of Aprily they landed leven
hundred Men, and feven Pieces of Artillery, vis.
Eight Demi-Cannons of Brafs, and two Demi-
Culverins of Bon, and battered the Caftle ; but
with little Succefs: Wherefore, they brought
their Trenches fo near the Enemy’s, that they
could heave Stones into them ; and the fame
Night, began to work upon their Mine: But
there fell fo much Rain, that they were conftrain-
ed to give it over. The Befieged alfo threw Fire-
pots from the Walls upon the Flemmings , which
annoyed them exceedingly ; and making ufe of
this Advantage, fallied out, and did much Exe¬
cution. Thus, after fix Weeks Leaguer, the But are n-
Flemmings having loft forty Men, and many mor eHM*
being fick and wounded, retired with their Ord¬
nance aboard, and fet Sail out of the Road, the
Caftle firing very hotly upon them all the while,
fo that they funk the Sternmoft of^the fleet,
which was a very tall Ship: I he Gunner, an
Englifhman, and other of the Ships, had thirty
Shot through their Sails and Hull.
From hence they went for Mayotta , one oi
the Blands of Komora, to retielh. Here they
bought fix hundred and twenty Oxen, and thirty-
five°Sheep and Goats, with which the Men were
greatly recruited. Thefe People are acquainted
with Money, and would deal with them for no
Commodity but Ryals. The King made a De¬
cree, that no Man flrould fell them any Cattle,
till his own w'ere all fold ; which he would not
part with under three Ryals ot Eight the Piece.
Whereas, they bought an Ox of his People for a
Ryal of Eight ; and. Goats cheaper. After they
had been here fix Weeks, they muftered their
Men again, and found them nine hundred and
forty ftrong : Wherefore it was determined, to
a Afterward, Sambarine f rather Samorin. b In ?urchas,Ginnie The Cay exs about one Degree South of
the Line, on the Coaft of Ltango ; which is, by fome, called Part of Lower Guinea.
S S S 2
return
Voyages of the English
return to Mofambik , and attack the Caftle once
to the East Indies.
Sail to Se-
peidewu.
Mateletfe
rttunu tome,
more : But going to enter the Road, they found
three Caraks riding there, newly come from
Portugal ; upon which, it was held beft, to keep
back, and ply off and on, to fee if the Caraks
would come out: But being difappointed, they
ftood awav along the Shore, about thirty Leagues
off Goa : Where at a -Town called Scperdoivn ,
they landed all the Gwzerats, which they had out
of the Ships, at Mofambik. At this Place, there
is good Refrefhing and cheap ; twenty Hens for
a Ryal ; a hundred and fifty Eggs for a Shilling ;
and as much frefh Fifh as would ferve all the
Ship’s Company a Day, for a Ryal of Eight. It
lies in eighteen Degrees North, and is not far
from Cbaul : They rid in feven Fathoms, Clay
Ground. The People are Aloors, and great Ene¬
mies to the Portuguese. It affords no Merchan¬
dize, but a little Pepper.
From hence, hard by the Blands of Kommodo ,
feven Leagues to the North of Goa, they took a
Carak, bound from Lisbon. Molt of her Lading
was Ryals of Eight ; all which they took out,
and fet her on Fire: But carried Jercnymus Tel-
balditto , along with them. At Goa , they ftaid a
Month, in Hopes of meeting with the Caraks,
which they had fee n at Mofambik , but to no Pur-
pofe : Wherefore they fet Sail, and went for Kale-
kut , purposing to have fpoken with the Sambarin ;
but by reafon of ten Galleys, which were come
from Goa , and lay there, they went not afhore, t
for Fear of fome Treachery. However, they
made him a Prefent, which was two Pieces of
Iron Ordnance, and one Piece of Brafs ; fending
their Calk at the fame Time for Water, in which
they were difappointed, finding none they durft
drink. From hence they lhaped their Courfe for
Cape Komorin , to look for fome ; and meeting
with none there, directed their Courfe for the
Streights of Malakka : But the Winds and Cur¬
rents proving contrary, they made dire&ly for (
Bantam ; having been out of Holland twenty-one
Months and an half.
The thirty-firft of December , Admiral Van
Carle departed this Road, with feven Ships, and
one Frigat, to fpend fome Time in the Streights
of Malakka , in Hopes of meeting with the
Makau a Ships, but without Succefs. And,
the fourth of January, 1608, returned to Ban¬
tam, leaving his Ships at Pulo Tindu. The fifth,
he departed for the Molukkas.
The eighteenth, Mateleefe the Younger, failed
for Holland : His Lading was twelve thoufand
Sacks of Pepper ; four hundred Sacks of Nutmegs j
Sugar, Ebony-Wood, and fome raw Silk.
a This Year, 1608, there arrived many Junks 160$
from China, and other Places. The nineteenth Saris,
of Auguji , a Flemmijh Ship, called. The Erafmus,
came from Amboyna , having in her feven hun¬
dred Bahars of Cloves, which Ihe laded at Hitto.
The firft of September, a fmall Pinnace of
the Flemmings, arrived from Machian b, which
brought them Advice, that the China, and the
Dove , were caff away, riding at Anchor before
that Place, with very little Wind at Weft ; which
b Wind, makes fuch a Sea there, that it is not
poffible for Ships to ride 5 the Ground being foul,
and the Water feventy and eighty Fathoms deep :
Alfo, that they had taken Machian and Tajfafal, Machian
without the Lofs of a Man ; and had left in each taken the
Place, a hundred and twenty Flemmings: And
that, in like Manner, they had ftrengthened the
Caftle at Malayo.
The tenth, a Pinnace of the Flemmings, de¬
parted for Sukadanna, to fetch away the Mer-
: chants, who, they heard, were very fickly, and
could get-in no Part of their Debts, left there by
Claes Simonfon c.
The twenty-third, the Zeland arrived from
Banda, half laden with Mace and Nutmegs ; her
Burthen an hundred and fifty Laft d. The twenty-
fifth, arrived the Hay, from KoromandeT, her
Lading was divers Sorts of Mallayo Cloth, and
Cloth Cheara Java.
The fecond of OSlober, the Dragon came-in
from Priaman, William Keeling, General ; who,
on the feventh, went up to Court, and delivered
the King of England's Letter, with a Prefent,
which was five Pieces of Ordnance, a Bafon and
Ewer, and a Barrel of Powder.
The thirteenth, in the Morning very early, Governor tj
the Governor, and his Jerotoolies, were killed by Bantam
the Pungavas , the Shah Bandar, the Admiral,^*'
Key Depatti , Utennagarra, & c. who all affembled
over Night, at Keymas Patties Houfe, and befet
the Court, firft fecuring the King and his Mo¬
ther. Then they ran into the Governor’s Court,
thinking to have caught him in Bed ; but he had
juft Time enough to get behind it, where they
found him. Having wounded him on the Head,
he fled to the Prieft, called Key Finkkey ; who
came forth, and entreated them for his Life, but
in vain ; for they forced-in, and difpatched him.
The eighteenth, the Flemmings Pinnace from
Sukadanna, arrived with their Merchants brought
from thence, leaving the Country much indebted
to them.
The fixth of November, the Vice-Admiral of Van Carle
P aulus V in Carle , fet Sail for Holland, with five rttum bmt.
Ships, laden with Cloves, Mace, Nutmegs, Pep¬
per, and Diamonds. The eighth, there arrived
3 Or Makao, before-mentioned ; in Purchas here, Mackaw.
Simonfon in fur (has, d Or one hundred and ninety -two Tons.
* In Purchas, Mackian,
5 Claws
£
V 0 YA ges cf the Engli
609. a (mail Pinnace of the Flemmings , from Malakka , £
Saris, by which they had Advice of thirteen Sail of
Ships, riding there; which, in their Voyage, had
taken two Caraks. The ninth, Samuel Plum¬
mer departed for Sukadanna , to remain there.
The fourth of December , in the Afternoon,
General Keeling fet Sail for England in the Dra¬
gon : But the fixth, was forced back by foul
Weather, and Wefterly Winds. The tenth, he
departed from the Weft Point; and, the thir¬
teenth, returned again, having met with the 1
cu„t of HeRor in the Streights of Sonda ; moft of whofe
Hefior. Men were infedled with the Scurvy. Th 0 Portu¬
gueze of Daman a, had feized their Boats at Surat,
taken nineteen of their Men, and nine thoufand
Ryals in Cloth, as it coft there. In their Way
from Bantam , they met with a fmall Frigat from
Kollumba , out of which, they took eleven Packs
of Cloth; containing in all, eighty-three Cloths,
thirteen Pieces Poulings, which were fent for the
Illands of Banda. _ <
The fixteenth of December , a fmall Ship ar¬
rived from Holland , which met with two Ships a
little to the North of the Cape of Good Hope:
They took them to be Englifh Ships ; the lefier of
them bearing the Flag in the Main-top. This
Ship had been on her Voyage eight Months and
ioLamo-ten Days. They refreshed at Pulo Lamone , one
of thy Illands of Komar a , where they had great
Store of Beeves, and Goats, for old Knives, and
Tin Spoons. ‘
The twenty-fecond, Ihe fet Sail for Malakka ,
to their Fleet which lay there, with Orders to
them to break up the Siege.
The twenty- third, the Dragon departed for
England , Gabriel Foivrfon , Captain.
The firft of January , 1609, their General,
William Keeling , fet Sail in the HeRor, for the
Illands of Banda. .
The feventh, arrived two Ships, and a Pin¬
nace of the Flemmings , from Koromandel , laden 1
with Cloth ; fome Part of which, they had taken,
and the reft bought. They had alfo taken five
Prizes, one a Carak at Mozambik.
The fifteenth of January, 1609, departed the
Great Sun , and the two Ships which came from
Koromandel.
The third of February , arrived Admiral IVil-
liamfon Verhoofe , with twelve Sail of good Ships,
from Malakka ; and, the fourteenth, departed
with feven Ships for the Molukkos.
. fet of The ninth of March , the Flemmings procured
' Dutch. a Meeting at Court, of all the Pungavas , ac¬
quainting them, that having received Letters from
their King b, the King of Holland , which made
Mention of a Peace concluded between them and
sb ft East Indies. 501
the Portugueze ; they thought fit to inform them 1609.
thereof ; becaufe if, thenceforward, the Portu- Saris.
gueze, under Colour of trading with them, fhould C/’VVJ
come and invade their Country, they could no
longer take the Parts of the Javans , as they had
hitherto done. The Pungavas having heard this
Speech, burft into a loud Laughter, perceiving
their Drift, was, by this Method, to raife Fears
and Jealoulies in them of the Portugueze ; in or¬
der to prevent their granting them Licence to
' trade, which might prejudice the Flemmings. I he
Governor gave no other Anfwer but this, that
they might take their Courfe.
The twentieth, a Chinefe Houfe, n'ext to the
Englijh Warehoufe, took Fire, and was burnt
down, but theirs luckily efcaped.
The twenty- firft, Mr. Saris being fent for to Saris called:
Court by Pangran Areaumgalla , the then Gover-<0 ^ U0U,It:r
nor, went, and carried with him a Prefent, viz.
a Piece of Mallee Goobaer , another of Morey , a
Piece of Mallayo Pintado , one Bandoleer , and a
Roll of Match, which was accepted very kindly.
The Governor told him, he had fent for him,
hearing, that there were two Men in Chains in
their Houfe for Debt ; and he wanted to know,
by whofe Order they were kept there. Saris
told him, he had the King’s Order for taking
them up, and hoped, that he would not difcharge„
them, before he had received Satisfaction, at lealt,
for fome Part, (hewing him their Bills to prove
the Debt. He faid, he fuppofed they were indebt¬
ed ; but that for the King giving the Englip
Licence, to chain them up, he knew to the con¬
trary ; and therefore infilled on having them re¬
leafed, At laft, with much Entreaty, Saris got Leave
to keep them, till Tanyomges who owed four hun-*-
dred twenty Ryals and a half, Ihould pay one
hundred; and Bungune , whofe Debt was five hun¬
dred Ryals, and a hundred Sacks of Pepper,
fhould pay twenty Bags of Pepper, and one hun¬
dred Ryals in Money, for which he had given his
Note. Accordingly, the Governor fent one of
his Slaves home with Saris , to let the Prifoners
know on what Conditions they were to be freed.
The twenty-fourth, the Author being
moned again to Court, when the Governor Qc— £ogliOi»
manded of the Flemmings , who had alfo been fent
for, whether it was their Country Manner to take
up ’a Man for Debt, without acquainting the
King? They anfwered, no: Whereupon, he gave
Order prefently to have them let out. Saris re¬
minded him of his Promife but three Days before,
but it availed nothing ; for he fent one of the
King’s Slaves, and took them out of the Houfe.
This was done, as the Author fuppofed, at the
Inftance of the Flemmings , inftigated thereto by
» In Purcbas, Damas. b They gave out, that they were governed by a King, othenvife they wo aid.
not have been acceptable in the Ealtern Countries. Lak-mey ,
502 Voyages of the Engl'
1609. Lak-mry, in order to undeceive the Englijh: Since
Sarij. they, finding no Juftice to be had, would hardly
venture to truft the Chirtefe , who therefore muft
neceflarily come to him ; by which Means, he
fhould get all the Trade to himfelf : And this
equally ferved the Purpofe of the Flemmings , who
furnifhed him with all Sorts of Commodities.
The twenty-third of April , 1609, here arrived
a fmall Pinnace of the Flemmings, from Sukaclan-
na , and Fernata ; by whom they underftood, that
Paulns Vankerle was taken at Fernata.
Dejignto dif~ The twenty-firft of May , a Pinnace of the
Kwr Borneo. Flemmings , fet Sail for Bemermajsin a, purfuant to
a Refolution they came-to among themfelves, to
fearch out every Creek and Corner of the Ifland ;
fince they were told it abounded with Gold, and
Bezoars, that might be traded for with Beads, and
other Haberdafhery Ware.
The twenty-fixth of Augujl , Captain Keeling
arrived from Banda , with twelve thoufand four
hundred eighty-four Kattis one half quarter of
Mace ; and fifty-nine thoufand eight hundred
forty-fix Kattis of Nutmegs, which flood him
in nine, ten, and eleven Ryals the Bahar ; the
Katti there, weighing thirteen and an half Eng-
lijh Ounces. The fmall Bahar of Mace, is ten
Kattis , or a hundred, of Nutmegs; and the great
Bahar is a hundred Kattis , Mace, or a thoufand,
Nutmegs: So that if a Man be indebted to you
ten Kattis Mace, and will give you a hundred
Kattis of Nutmegs, you cannot refufe them.
The fourth of October , Captain Keeling hav¬
ing taken in the reft of his Lading, which was
four thoufand nine hundred Bags, and three Kat¬
tis of Pepper, fet Sail from Bantam in the Hedlor ;
the Author coming for England in the fame Ship,
having been in Java four Years, nine Months,
and eleven Days.
SECT. III.
An Account of fever al Drugs , and the Places whence
they come ; with Rules for choofing them. Lignum
Aloes , Benjamin , Civety Musky Bezoar, and
Amber.
Lignum T IGNUM ALOESy a Wood, fo called by
Aiues. the Fnglijhy is named by the Mallayansy
Garni. The beft Sort comes from Malakka , Siam,
and Kambaya b. Choofe that which is in large
round Sticks, and very mafly, being black, mar¬
bled with afh-coloured Veins, fomewhat bitter in
Tafte, and is likewifeof an odoriferous Scent, and
that burns like Pitch in Bubbles, a Splinter being
laid upon a Fire-coal : For if it be good, it will
[sh to the East Indies.
a not leave frying, till it be quite confumed, yield- 1609
ing a moft grateful Odour. Saris.'
Benjamin is a Gum, called by the
layansy Minnian. The beft Sort comes from BeFmut‘
Siam , which is very pure, clear, and white, with
little Streaks of Amber Colour. Another Sort,
which is not altogether fo white, though very good,
is brought from Sumatra. A third Sort, which
comes from Priaman , and Burrowfe c, is very
coarfe, like Horfe-bread ; and not faleable in Eng-
b land , but well efteemed in Bantam.
Civet : The beft is of a deep-yellow Colour, Civet,
fomewhat like Gold ; not whitilh, for that is
ufually adulterated with Greafe: Yet it is natu¬
rally whitifh, when frelh taken, and will inTime
become yellow.
Mijsk: There are three Sorts, black, brown, Muft,
and yellow : The firft is bad, the fecond good,
and the laft beft. This ought to be of a deep Am¬
ber Colour, like the beft Spikenard; and inclofed
c with a ftngle, not a double Skin, as it often is :
Nor (hould it be over-moift, which makes it
heavy, but in a Medium. It ought to have fome
Hairs like Briftles, but not very many ; to be
clear of Stones, Lead, or other Trafh ; and of a
ftrong and fragrant Smell, which to many is of-
fenfive. Being tailed, the Scent pierceth the
Brain. It ought neither to melt too foon in the
Mouth, nor yet to remain very long undiflolved
in the Hand. It muft not be kept near any Sort .
d of Spice, left it lofe the Scent.
Bezoar: There are hereof two Kinds, one
comes from the IVeJly the other from the Eajl
Indies ; which laft, is worth double the Price of
the other. The Stones of each Sort, have diffe¬
rent Shapes: Some are round, others long, like
Date-ftones, others, like Pigeons Eggs; fome
like the Kidneys of a young Goat, and others in
Form of aChefnut; but all, for the moft Part,
are blunt at the Ends, not piked : Their Colour
e is no lefs various ; for fome are of a light- red,
others, the Colour of Honey ; many of a dark
Alh Colour, like the Civet-Cat j but, for the
moft Part, of a very pale Green.
The Eajl India Bezoars confift of many Peel¬
ings, or Coats, like an Onion, bright, and re-
fplendent, as if polifhed by Art. One Coat being
peeled off, the next is more refplendent, or
brighter than the former. Thefe Peelings are
fome thick, fome thin, according to the Large-
f nefs of the Stones ; and the larger the Stone is,
the better for Sale. This is a certain Way to
make Trial of Bezoars: Take the exadl Weight
of the Stone, then put it into Water, and let it
4 Banjartnafsin , dn Borneo. b Alfo from Sumatra, Potannie, Caucbau chene. Purchas. This, and
other Notes, inferted in the Margin, feem rather to be thofe of the Author, than the Collector. c Bur-
rtrwfe yields Tiural, called in England. Baris , worth there a Ryal the Kattiy and here ten Shillings the Pound.
It is kept in Greafe.
Hand
Voyages of the English
ftand four Hours. Then fee if it be not cracked, a
wipe it dry and weigh it again : If it weigh never
*_ ' n >r ^ I !i. A". A dp-
to the East Indies.
5° 3
•mbtr.
fo fmall a Matter more than it did at firft, de¬
pend upon it, it- is not good. In this Manner
the Author found feveral turn to Chalk, with a
little Stick in the Middle, that hath weighed a
Tael Java, or two Ounces. Moll of the Coun- ----- 0
terfeits come from Sukadanna in Burneo a ; They how to^make their Advantage,
are to be had at Pattanney , Bemermajfin , Suka-
danna , Makkajfar , and Infula das Vacas, which
is at the Entrance of Kambaya. b
Am ber i This is of feveral Colours ; as Biack,
White, Brown, and Grey. The Black is ufually
antam a
' ■tat Mart
cient to lade three good Ships. The King hath 1609*
no Money, but what cometh from China , which Saris,
is called Kajhes , and made of the Drofs of Lead.
Thefe Pieces are round and thin, with Holes to n or‘ey'
firing them on. A thoufand Kajhes thus ftringed
are called a Peku, which is of divers Values, ac¬
cording as Kajhes rife or fall, whereof they know
’ ir Advantage. Ten Pekus make
a Laxfau, ten Laxfaus a Katti, ten Kattis an
Uta , and ten Utas a Bahar.
There are two Ways of (fringing Kajhes ;
the one called Chuchuck China , the other Chu-
chuck Java , of which the Java is the beft; for
what is cleared of Filth and Drofs, pure of it
felf, inclining to White; and of an Afh-Colour,
intermixed with Veins, fome Afh-Colour, others
whitifh. It ought to float above the Surface of
Water ; which, though fome, that is fophifticated,
may do, yet this is certain, that none, which is
pure, will fink in Water. The greatefl Quan¬
tity comes from Mofambik and Sofala.
S E C T. IV.
An Account of Bantam, Jortan, MakkalTar, Balli,
Timor, Banda, the Molukkos, Siam, If and
Borneo, Sukkadanna, and China; with the
Commodities imported and exported.
SANT AM, a Town fituate in the Ifland of
Java Major, (lands in fix Degrees South,
and hath three Degrees, Variation Weft. This
Place is the great Mart of divers Nations for fun-
dry Kinds of Commodities: But itfelf affordeth
little befides Victuals, Cotton, Wool, and Pep-
But for the China Tacks, you (hall find but an
hundred and fixty, or an hundred and feventy.
Five Tacks fhould make a Peku, fo that you lofe
two hundred Kajhes, or an hundred and fifty,
uoon every Peku , which will rife to a great Sum,
if you deal largely ; but by the Law of the Coun¬
try, there muft be a thoufand Kajhes upon a String,
or elfe Bajfe, that is Allowance, given. W hen
the Junks are about to depart, you (hall buy thir¬
ty-four and thirty-five Pekus for a Ryal, which
before the next Year you may fell for twenty-two
and twenty the Ryal : So that there is great Pro-
fit to be made ; but the Danger of Fire is alfo
^The Weight for Bezoar, Civet, and Gold, Wtigbn*
is called a Tael ; which is two Ryals of Eight and
a quarter, or two Ounces Enghjh . A Mallayan
Tael is one Ryal of Eight and an half, or an
Ounce and a third Englijh. A Chinefe Tael is one
befides Vidtuals, Cotton, w 001, aim r cF- Ryal of Eight, and feven twentieth* '. ?* anf
ner • whereof the Quantity at Harveft (which is and a fifth Enghjh : So that ten laels
in Othhr) may be thirty or thirty-two thoufand Commodities vendible here, are: Mfi
Sacks, each Sack containing forty-nine Kattis and 1 he Bng j fortwg%
half at twenty-one Ryals and ^an ha f Iron or tw<
Englijh the Katti. A Sack is called a Timbang,
and two Timbangs is one Pikul, three Pikuls is a
fmall Bahar ; and four and an half a great Bahar,
which is four hundred and forty-five Kattis and
an half. Likewife there is z Kulak, by which the
Javans moft commonly deal, becaufe they are not
very perfedl in the Ufe of the Beam. It contains
feven Kattis and a quarter ; and feven Kulaks
make a Timbang, (liquid Meafure) which is a
Katti and a quarter more than the Beam. There
fhould indeed be no Difference between them ;
but the Weigher, who is always a Chinefe, gives
out rne vvciiLiici% wnv 10 ** ~ ~ j * o _ . , rr .a
his Countrymen an Advantage : For he can fit f Ryals the Katti,
. . ' r A if _ C. _ _ ^ i- hio Plpq- A T\/T R F H . IT
Lead, in fmall Pigs, for twenty-five or twen¬
ty-fix Pieces b, five Ryals and an half the Pikul.
Powder, fine round corned, twenty-five
Ryals a Barrel. D 1
Pieces fquare, fanguined the Piece, ten Ryals,
of fix Foot long. , „ rf t.
Pieces fquare, damafked all over, nfteen Ry¬
als, of fix Foot long and an half.
Broad-cloth, of ten Pound the Piece, of
a Venice Red, three Ryals of Eight, the OaJJe,
which is three Quarters of a Yard.
OPIUM MESRIC, which is the beft, eight
them with a great or fmall Meafure at his Plea-
fure. *
There came, in December and January, to
this Place many Junks and Praws laden with
Pepper from Cherringin and Jauby ; fo that, in
the End of January , there is always Pepper fuffi-
Amber, in great Beads, a JVamg and an half
Tael of Mallaya , fix Ryals of Eight.
Coral, in large Branches, five and fix Ryals
th Ry Atfofdght are the bell Commodity you
can carry.
, • r rr - _ 1<! tlic true Arabic
a Or, Borneo. b So in Punhas. c In Purchas, Mijferee ; that is, of Lair . ^ j;he J Vack
Word. There is a Place (in Anatolia , or Afia Minor J famous for it,, calle ;j- A J*
City of Opium*
/
5°4
1609.
Saris.
Drugs.
Voyages of the Engli
In February and March three or four Junks a
came from China , very richly laden with Silks
raw and wrought, China Kajhes , Porcelain, Cot¬
ton-Cloth of divers Sorts and Prices, viz. raw
Silk of Nan-king a, which is the beft, an hundred
and ninety Ryals the Pikul: That of Kanton ,
which is coarfer, eighty Ryals the Pikul.
Taffata, in Boults, an hundred and twelve
Yards the Piece, forty-fix Ryals of Eight the
Gorj, or twenty Pieces.
Velvets of all Colours, twelve Ryals the 1
Piece, of thirteen Yards.
Damask of all Colours, twelve Yards,? fix
Ryals the Piece.
White Sattins, twelve Yards the Piece,
eight Ryals.
Burgones, ten Yards the Piece, forty-five
Ryals the Gorj.
Sleeve-Silk, the beft made Colours, three
Ryals the Katti.
Musk, the beft, twenty-two Ryals the Katti. <
Gold-thread, the beft, fifteen Knots, e-
very Knot thirty Strings, one Ryal.
Velvet-hanging s,embroidered-jwithGold,
eighteen Ryals : Upon Sattins, fourteen Ryals b.
White Curtain Stuffs, nine Yards thePiece,
fifty Ryals the Gorj.
White Damafk flat, nine Yards thePiece,
four Ryals.
White Sugar, the Pikul , three Ryals and
an half very dry. <
Sugar-Candy, very dry, five Ryals the
Pikul.
Porcelain Bafons, two Ryals a-piece, very
broad and fine.
Calico coarfe, white, and brown, fifteen
Ryals the Gorj.
The Junks bring likewife coarfe Porcelain,
Drugs, and divers other Commodities ; but be-
caufe they are not for the Englifa Trade, the Au¬
thor omits them.
Benjamin, very good and white, thirty-five
and thirty Ryals the Pikul.
Lignum Aloes, the Pikul, eighty Ryals.
Allum from China , as good as the Englijh ,
two Ryals and an half the Pikul.
KHOROMANDEL c Cloth is a principal
Commodity here: The moft faleable Sorts are call¬
ed Gubars ; Pintados of four and five Covets ; fine
Tappies of St. Thomas ; Ballachos, Java Girdles,
otherwife Caine- Goolong ; Calico Lawns, Book-
Calicos, and Calicos made up in Rowls, white.
A Gubar is double, and containeth twelve Yards,
s k to the East Indies.
or fix Haftas Angle ; Ballachos, coarfe and fine, 1
contain thirty- two and thirty-four Haftas ; but Satis,
the fineft are always longeft. •
The fine Tappies of St. TJoomas , fix Haftas.
Muris is a fine Sort of Cloth, but not very much
ufed here ; for it is dear and fhort, containing fix-
teen Haftas, at two Ryals and a quarter. Book-
Calicos, if they be not corded, are thirty-two
Haftas. All Sorts of Mallayan Cloth are gene¬
rally eight Haftas long, wherefore it is called,
» Cherra Mallaya ; and generally all Sorts of Cot¬
ton Cloth, which is broad, and of good Length,
is in good Requeft here. Calico-Lawns, white
and red, are thirty-two Haftas. A Hafta is half a
Yard, meafured from your Elbow to the Top of
your middle Finger.
The King’s Cuftoms here are as followeth : Kng'
The Cuftom called Chukey , is eight Bags uponC!'^^WI•
the hundred Bags, rating Pepper at four Ryals of
Eight the Sack, what Price foever it bears. Billa-
: billion d is this : If any Ship arrive in the Road,
laden with Cloth and fuch like, the King is to be
acquainted with the Sorts, Quantity, and Price
thereof, before you can land any Part : Then
fending his Officers for fuch Sorts as he likes, he
will have them at half Price, or little more as
you can agree : For if you prize your Cloth at
twenty Ryals a Gorj, he will give you but fif¬
teen or fixteen. The Flemmings Way hath been to
give him feven or eight hundred Ryalsfat a Time
for a Ship’s Lading.>to clear them of the Duty
apd Trouble : But Ov the Cuftom of the Coun¬
try, this Duty e is fix hundred fixty-five Ryals f
upon fix thoufand Sacks of Pepper, if you lade
therewith, otherwife you are to take fo many
thoufand Sacks of the King, at half or three
Quarters of a Ryal upon a Sack more than the
Market-price. If you have provided before-hand
fufficient Lading to difpatch your Ships, yet you
are to pay for this Duty as aforefaid, or elfe they
will not permit you to lade.
Ruba-ruba , is a Duty for Anchorage, and is
upon fix thoufand Sacks, five hundred Ryals of
Eight. The Shah Bandar's Duty is, upon the
fame Quantity, two hundred and fifty Ryals :
That of the Weighers is one Ryal upon an hun¬
dred Sacks. Jerotulis likewife, or Weighers be¬
longing to the Cuftom-Hotife, have a Duty of
one Ryal for an hundred Sacks.
J ORTA N lies to the Eaft wards of Jakatra'.Tht Tom
It is called Serebaya , affording Vi£tuals, great Jo^aa*
Store of Cotton, Wool, and fpun Yarn. Many
Junks come from Jauby , laden with Pepper:
a In Purcbas, Lamking. b Something feems to be wanting here. c The Portuguese
call is Charamandel ; the French and Italians, Cara, or Coromandel, which is a Corruption of Toromandalun, or
Toromandora. Nor is this the Name of the Country, but the Title of a King, miftaken for fuch by the Portu¬
guese, at their firft Coming on this Coaft. d Or, Labba. « Of Bilh.-biWant or LcsbbaT Purchas.
£ And fo higher or lower, according to the Burden of the Ship.
2
The
jrJ Ball!.
m or.
1 ida
■ nd,
Voyages of the English
The Town likewife fends fome fmall Praws to
Banda ; fo that a few Nuts and Mace is to be
had there.
MAKKASSAR is an Ifiand not far from
the Celebes a. It affordeth great Store of B exoar
Stones, which may be had reafonably : Alfo
Rice and other Victuals in great Plenty. Junks
trade from thence to Banda , fo that a fmall
Quantity of Mace and Nuts is likewife there to
be had.
BALI is an Ifiand to the Eaftwards b of Mak-
kaJJ'ar , in eight Degrees and an half South. It
yields great Store of Rice, Cotton-Yarn, Slaves,
and coarfe white Cloth, which is in good Re-
queft at Bantam. The Commodities for this Place
are the fmalleft Sort of blue and white Beads,
Iron, and coarfe Porcelain.
TTMOR lies to the Eaftward of Bali , in
the Latitude of ten Degrees forty Minutes South.
This Ifiand affordeth abundance of Cbindanna ,
called by the Englijh, IVhite Sanders ; the greateft
Logs are accounted beft. It is worth at Bantam
(when the Junks come-in) twenty Ryals of Eight
the Pikul: Alfo Wax in great Cakes, worth at
Bantam eighteen, nineteen, twenty and thirty
Ryakpf Eight the Pikul , as the Time ferves. As
there is great Deceit in this Commodity, you
muff be wary in choofing it, and break it, to fee
whether it be mixed or not. The Goods carried
thither, are Chopping- Knives, fmall Bugles, Por¬
celain, coloured Taffatas, but none black ; China
Frying-Pans, China Bells, and Plates of Silver
beaten flat, and as thin as a Wafer, of the Breadth
of a Hand. This is a very advantagious Trade,
for the Chinefe have given the Englijh, who went
with them thither, at the Rate of four hundred
pt tr Cent. Profit c.
BANDA , in the Latitude of five Degrees
South, affords great Plenty of Mace and Nut¬
megs, with Oil of both Sorts d : It hath no King,
but is governed by a Shah Bandar , who is in
League with the Shah Bandars of Nero , Lentor ,
Puloway , Pulorin , and Labatakka ; Iflands
near
adjoining, which formerly were under the Go¬
vernment of the King of Ternata , but at prefent
have their own Governor. In thefe Iflands they
have threeHarvefts in theYear, viz. in July, Odlo-
ber , and February ; but that in July , called the
Monfon Areputi , is the greateft. The Manner of
dealing is as followeth : A fmall Bahar is ten
j Kattis of Mace, and an hundred of Nuts ; and
a great Bahar, is an hundred Kattis Mace, and a
tO the E A S T I N D I E S. 505
a thoufand Kattis Nuts ; a Katti being five Pound 1609.
thirteen Ounces and an half Englijh, the Prices Saiis.
variable. ° v— --y-
The Commodities fit for thefe Iflands, are
Choromandel Cloth, Cheremallaw , viz. Sarraffes,
Pintados, of five Covets ; fine Ballachos, black
Girdles, Chellis, white Calicos c. Broad-cloth
Stammel , Gold in Coin, viz. Rofe-Nobles of
England , and the low Countries, Ryals of Eight ;
but you fhall have that there for feventy Ryals
b in Gold, which will coft you ninety in Ryals of
Eight. China Bafons, fine and large, without Brims ;
Damafks of light Colours; Taffatas, Velvets;
China Boxes, or Counters gilt f ; Gold Chains,
Plate-Cups gilt, Head-Pieces bright and damafked ;
Mufkets ; but not many Sword-Blades, brand and
backed to the Point. Kambaya Cloth, Calicos
black and red. Calico Lawns, &c. Rice is
likewife a very good Commodity for thefe
Iflands.
c The Iflands of the Molukkos are five, viz. Mo- iTbe Moiuk-
lukko, Ternata , Tydor , Gelolo , and Machian §. ko yiatdt.
They are all under the Equinoctial Line h : They
afford great Store of Cloves, not every Year, but
every third Year. The Katti there, is three Pound
five Ounces Englijh ; the Bahar, two hundred
Kattis: Alfo nineteen Kattis of Ternata make
fifty of Bantam.
The Commodities vendible for thefe Places,
are Choromandel Cloth, Cheremallaw , but fine;
d and Siam Girdles, Salolos , fine Ballachos and Chel¬
lis are moft in Requeft : Alfo China T affata, Vel¬
vets, Damafk, great Bafons, varntlhed Counters,
Crimfon Broad-cloth, Opium, and Benjamin,
&c.
SIAMYiethin the Latitude of fourteen De- Kingdom of
grees and an half North. It affords great Store Siam*
of very good Benjamin, and many rich Stones,
which are brought thither from Pegu. A Tail
here is two Ryals of Eight and a quarter. Here
e is much Silver in Bullion , which comes from Ja¬
pan : But Ryals of Eight are more in Requeft; fyr
two and a quarter in Coin, will yield two and
an half in Bullion. Broad-cloth Stammel Colour,
Iron, and fair Looking-Glaffes are in good Efteem.
All Manner of China Commodities are cheaper
here than at Bantam. The Guzcrat Junks come
to Siam in the Months of June and July, touch¬
ing firft at the Maldives , and then at Tenajfere,
where there is always five and an half and fix
f Fathom Water : From whence they may go over
Land to Siam in twenty Days.
a It was for a Time taken for an Ifiand, and fet down as fuch in the ancient Charts: But was afterwards
found to be a Part of Celebes. b It firould be, to the South-Weft. c In Purchas , four for one.
• Oil of Mace four Ryals a Quart : At Bantam, five or fix a Quart. From Pulo Svuange, alias, The Devil's Ifiand,
comes the Fowl called Cufuarie. Purchas. c Lignum Aloes. Ophion MiJ/eree, [rather, Afun Mef i ]
which is foft like Wax. Purchas. { So in Purchas. S In Purchas , Mackian. Badri an, and Monil
are omitted. h That cannot be, for they lie from North to South, and Tidor is above a Degree to
the North of the Line; which pafies between Machian and Bachian , which are near each other.
Vo l. I. N° XXV. T t t BORNEO
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
'Jht IjlanJ
Botnet.
Sukadann*.
BeJI D:j‘
Vtondl.
Impirtt,
BORNEO lies in the Latitude of three De- a
grees South. It afrordeth great Store of Gold,
Bczoar Stones, Wax, Rotans, Kayulakka , and
Sanguis Draconis , the principal Trade for which,
is at the Town of Berner majjin 3. The Commo¬
dities requeued here, are as followeth : Cboro -
mandei Cloth of all Sorts ; China Silks, Damafks,
Taffetas, Velvets, all Colours but Black ; Broad¬
cloth Stammel, and Ryals of Eight. Bezoar
Stones are theie bought for five or fix Ryals the
Tael, which is the Weight of a Ryal and an b
half of Eight, or an Ounce and one I hird Eng-
lijh .
SUKADANNA is another Town of Borneo b,
in one Degree and an half South, and North-
Eaft from Bantam an hundred and iixty Leagues.
In the Entrance ot the Harbour, five bathoms ;
and at low Water, three Fathoms a Eaulcon Shot
off the Shore, oozy Ground.
A great Trade is carried on by Junks and
Praws at this Place for Diamonds, which it af- c
fords in abundance, and are accounted the. beft
in the World. There is Plenty at all Times,
efpecially in January, April , July, and October :
But the greateft Quantity is to be met with in
the fir ft two Months ; at which Time they are
brought in Praws down the River Lave, where
they are found by Diving, as they do for Pearls.
The Reafon why there are not fo many gotten
in July and October, is, becaufe that being their
rainy Seafon, the River rifes to nine Fathom with <
fuch a Stream, that they can hardly dive ; where¬
as in the other Months, the Depth is but four,
or four and an half Fathom, which is reckoned
beft for the Purpofe.
Commodities vendible and in Requefthere,
are Malakka Pintados, very fine Sarrajfa, Gu¬
bar es, Poulings , Char a Java, Calico Lawns,
China Silks light Colours, Gold, Sleeve -Silk,
Broad- cloth Stammel, all Sorts of fmall Bugles,
blue Bugles, which are made in Bantam , Ihaped
like a Tun, but about the Size of a Bean ; you
have at Bantam four hundred for a Ryal of Eight,
and here an hundred for a Mas, which is three
quarters of a Ryal of Eight ; China Kajhes , Ryals
of Eight, but principally Gold, without which
you can do little, for you fhall have a Stone for
one Ryal in Gold, which you cannot get for a
Ryal and an half, or a Ryal and three quarters
in Silver.
When you are bound for this Place, the beft
Way is to go for B enter majfm firft, where you
.may barter the Commodities aforefaid for Gold ;
which you Ihall have for three Kattis Kajhes the
Malakka Tael, which was worth then nine Ryals
of Eight, as the Author had been credibly in¬
formed : And you fhall barter it here for Dia¬
monds, at four Kattis Kajhes the Tael c, which
is one Ryal three quarters and an half in W eight ;
fo that you Ihall gain three quarters of a Ryal of
Eight upon a Tael: But the chief Gains arife
from Diamonds, whereof there are four Kinds,
diftinguifhed by their Water, which is called
Verna, viz. Verna Ambou, Verna Loud , Verna
Sakkar, Verna BeJJi ; that is, White, Green,
Yellow, and a Colour between Green and Yel¬
low i But the white Water is the beft.
Their Weights are called Sa Mas, Sa Ku-tVeiglui,
pang, Sa Bufuk, Sa Pead. Four Kupangs is a ufe*
Mas, two Bufuks one Kupang ; and one Pead
and an half is a Bufuk. There is likewife a Pa-
haw, which is four Mas, and fixteen Mas make
one Tael: By this Weight they weigh both Dia¬
monds and Gold.
The Commodities of China, are raw Silk ; China, r.
the beft is made at Nan- king d, and is called
How-fa , worth there eighty Ryals the Pikul.
Taffata, called Tue , the beft made at a
fmall Town called Hok-chu, worth thirty Ryals
the Gorj.
Damask, called Towne, the beft made at
Kanton, worth fifty Ryals the Gorj.
Sewing Silk, called Kou-fwa , worth one hun¬
dred Ryals the Pikul.
Imbroidered Hangings, called Poey, the
[ beft ten Ryals the Piece.
Sewing Gold, called Kim-fwa, is fold by the
Chip-pau, which is Bundle, each Chip-pau con¬
taining ten Papers, and each Paper five Knots,
fold for three Pa-wes , two Ryals of Eight ; and
the beft hath thirty-fix Threads in a Knot.
Sat tins, called Lin, the beft one Ryal the
Piece.
Great Bafons, called Cho-pau , three for a
Ryal e.
e White Sugar, called P e-tong, the beft one
half Ryal the Pikul.
Po R c e l A i N of the fame Sorts, called Pea, the
beft one Ryal the Katti.
Pearl Boxes, called Cha-nab , the beft five
Ryals each.
Velvets, called Tan-go Jounk, of nine Yards
long, five Ryals the Piece.
Sleeve -Silk, called Jounks, the beft an hun¬
dred and fifty Ryals the Pikul.
f Mvsk, called Sa-hu , feven Ryals the Katti .
KASHES, fixty Pekiis the Ryal.
Broad- cloth, called To-lo-ney, Sa-foke ,
which is three quarters of a Yard, worth feven
Ryals of Eight.
a Or, Bamarmaffin, a Port in the South-Eaft Part of the Ifland, almoft due North of the Eaftern Ends of
the Bland* of Madura and Java. b On the Weftern Coaft. c Always fpdled Taile m Purchau
d Here written, Tanking, c In Purchas, worth three by the RyaL Looking-**
Cafiimt,
Voyages of the Engl
Looking-glass, very large, called Kea,
worth ten Ryals the Piece.
Tin, called Sea , worth there fifteen Ryals the
Pikul
Wax, called La , fifteen Ryals the Pikul.
Muskets, called Kau-ching , the Barrel, twen¬
ty Ryals.
Japan Sables, called Samto, worth eight Ryals
the Piece.
Elephants-teeth, the biggeft, and beft,
two hundred Ryals the Pikul.
The fmall [or Screuelias~\ a hundred Ryals the
Pikul, called Ga.
Whit e-sand e rs, called Twa-whi , the belt
in great Logs, forty Ryals the Pikul . .
The Cuftom of Pepper Inwards, is one Tael
upon a Pikul , and nothing Outwards. Stri£t
Care is taken to hinder the Exportation of Am¬
munition of all Sorts.
In the Month of March, thejunksthat are bound
for the Manillas, depart from Chau-chu in Com¬
panies There go no fewer than forty in a Year ;
fo me times four, five, ten, or more together, as
they are ready. Their Lading is raw, and wrought
Silks ; but far better than thofe which they carry
to Bantam. Between Kant on, and th c Manillas,
is ten Days Sail. In the Beginning of June they
return, laden with Ryals of Eight. 1 hey are of
no Force ; lb that you may take them with your
Ship’s Boat.
In 1608, Pepper was worth in China, lix
Tades and an half the Pikul ; and at the fame
Time, fold in Bantam , for two and an half
Ryals the Timbang .
I S H to the E AS T I N D I E S.
TURKT Grograms.
Camblets.
D I VO Gckepert.
JVE E RSC TYNE N.
5°7
1613.
Saris.
SECT. V.
I. Commodities vendible in Japan, and to be bought
there j with their refpeflive Prices a.
I. Commodities vendible in Japan.
T> ROAD- CLOTHS of all Sorts, ^.Blacks,
r Japan. D Yellows, and Reds, which coft in Holland,
eight or nine Gilders the Flemmijh Ell, two Ells
three quarters are worth three, four, to five hun¬
dred b. That Cloth of a high Wool, or long Kn*p,
is not fo much iniRequeft as the low-fhorn. h me
Bays, of the Colours aforefaid, are faleable, if
they be well cottoned ; but not fuch as the Por-
tugueze brought.
Say es.
Rashes.
Bo ur ats fingle.
Bourats double.
Si lk Grograms.
Caniant.
Gevvart.
Twijne.
Velvets.
Musk fold in Weight again Silver.
INDIA Cloth : The Sorts requeued are, Sat-
b tins, Taffatas, Damafks.
HOLLAND Cloth, from fifteen to twenty
Stivers, the Flemmijh Ell, and not above.
Diaper.
Da mask, the better it is wrought with Figures
or Branches.
Thread of all Colours.
Carpets for Tables.
Gilded Leather, painted with Pidlures and
Flowers ; the fmalleft Work alfo the beft.
c Painted Pictures, efpecially if they reprefent
lafeivious Stories, or Battles by Sea and Land, the
larger the better, worth, one, two, to three
hundred.
Quicksilver thehundredAfj/tfr, from three
to four hundred.
Vermilion the hundred Kattis , worth from
three to fix hundred. „
Paint for the Face, the hundred Kattrs 4
twenty-eight.
d Copper in Plates, a hundred twenty-five,
Flemmijh Weight, worth from ninety to an hun¬
dred. „
Lead in fmall Bars, the hundred Kattis,
worth from fixty to eighty-eight.
Lead in Sheets, moft in Requefi:, the thinner
the better, a hundred Pounds Flemmijh , [worth
from feventy] to eighty.
Tin in Logs, fine, one hundred and twenty Amng ahe.
Pound Flemmijh , worth three hundred and fifty. Vh^Uai,
e Iron, twenty-five Ounces Holland, worth
four. ,
Steel the hundred Kattis, worth from one
to two hundred.
Tapistry.
Civet the Katti, worth from one hundred
and fifty, to two hundred.
CHINA Roots, the hundred Kattis , or Pikul,
worth forty.
CHINA fewing Gold, the fingle Paper, three
Powder Sugar of China , the hundred Kattis,
or Pikul , worth trom forty to fifty. .
Sugar-candy the Pikul, or one hundred
Kattis, worth from fifty to fixty.
a Payments are made here in Mas, and Kanderhis, each Kandeun being the °*" a Hence the
Mas, dr Kanderins, mult be meant ; wc prefume the former, and fo all along afterw ard..
Prices appear to be in Mas . VELVETS
A tv A
Voyages of the Engl i
1609. Velvets of all Colours, eight Ells the Piece, a
Saris, worth from a hundred and twenty to a hundred
^^''Y'XJand thirty.
W r ought Velvets of the like Fabric, worth
from a hundred and eighty to two hundred.
1 A F F A T as ofall Colours, and good Silk, worth
from twenty-four, to thirty and forty the Piece.
Sa tt in of feven or eight Ells long, the Piece
worth from eighty to a hundred.
Figured Sattin, worth from a hundred and
twenty, to a hundred and fifty. b
Gazen of feven Pikes, or EUs, worth from
forty to fifty.
Raw Silk the Katti, of twelve Pound Flemmijh,
worth from thirty-five to forty.
Twisted Silk, worth from twenty-eight to
forty.
D*r inking Glafles of all Sorts, Bottles,
Cans, and Cups, Trenchers, Platters, Salts, Be-
kers gilt. Looking- GlafTes of the largeft Sort,
Mufcovy Glafs, much Salt, Writing Table-books, c
Paper-books, Lead to neal, or glaze Pots, all
faleable.
SPANISH Soap in good Requeft, and fold
for one Mas the fmall Calk.
Amber in Beads, worth a hundred and forty
to a hundred and fixty.
Silk Stockings of all Colours; SpaniJJ) Lea¬
ther, Neats Leather, with other Sorts of Leather
ufed for Gloves, worth from fix to eight and
nine. j
Blue Kandiks of China, worth from fifteen
to twenty.
KAND1KS of the fame Place, black, from
ten to fifteen.
Wax for Candles, a hundred Pounds Flemmijh ,
worth from a hundred to two hundred and fifty.
Honey the Pikul , worth fixty.
Samel of hochin-China , the Pikul, a hundred
and eighty.
Pepper, the Pikul, if there come not much, e
worth a hundred.
Nutmegs, the Pikul, twenty-five.
Cam ph ire of Barous , or Borneo, the Pound
Holland , from two hundred and fifty to four
hundred.
Sanders of Solier , the Pikul , worth a hun¬
dred.
KALLOMBAK 3 Wood, good and weighty,
the Pound, worth from one to five.
SA PON, or Red-wood, the Pikul, from f
twenty to twenty-fix.
s H to t he E A S T I N D I E
Elephants Teeth, the larger the better, 160c
worth from four to eight hundred. Saris."'
Rhinoceros Horn, the favan Katti, worth "V"*
thirty.
Harts- horns gilded, the Piece, three, four,
or five hundred.
Roch-allum is reckoned a good Commo- &cb At.
dity, and enquired for; that which coft but lumfe7,
three Gilders, hath been fold for a hundred Gil-^,a
ders ; but is not every Man’s Money.
1 he Chinefe will commonly truck for your
Silver, and give you Gold of twenty-three Kar-
raks, from fifteen to twenty the Ounce Silver:
But fometimes there comes much, and at other
Times little.
2. Commodities to be bought in Japan.
Hemp, very good, a hundred Kattis, (being Merchant
a hundred and twenty Pound Holland) worth from °J Japan,
fixty-five to feventy.
Eye-colours for dying Blue, almoftas good
as Indico, made up in round Cakes, or Pieces,
and packed a hundred Cakes in a Fardel, worth
from fifty to fixty the Fardel. Dying for White,
turning to Red^colour, made in Fardels, or Bales,
of fifty Gautins.
Malios, worth from five to eight.
Rice, very white and good, cafed, worth
eight, three fifth Parts the Fares.
Rice of a worfer Sort, the Bale worth feven
three Tenths.
At Edo, Sakkaio , Ofakkaio , and Meakow , one
meets with the beft Dying for all Sorts of Colours
whatever, viz. Red, Black, and Green ; and
for gilding Gold and Silver ; and it is better than
the Chinefe Varnifh b.
Brimstone in great Abundance, cofts feven
the Pikul.
Salt-petre, (dearer in one Place than ano¬
ther) is worth one and a half the Pikul: And
Cotton-wool, ten.
Table of Latitudes.
Mafulipatan — — _
St. Lucia Ifland
170
24
Variation Weft — —
Seperdoxvn , near Cbaul, — • -—18
Bantam — — -—6
3
8
10
5
x
oo’ N.
30 S.
Bali Bland
Timor Ifle — —
Banda Ifie —
Sukadanna , in Borneo , — —
00
00
00
30
40
00
30
N.
S..
* By others Kalamba Woods, and reckoned the fame as the Lignum Aloes. \ This Paflage is obfcure.
CHAP,
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
CHAP. XVIII.
5°9
1613.
Cocks.
Relation of what paji at Firando in the General’* Abfence , at the
Emperor’* Court .
Written by Richard Cocks, Cape-Merchant .
SECT. I.
Tfo General leaves Firando. Unrulinefs of the
Englifh Sailors. Feajl of the Dead. A Maf-
querade at the old King's. The Factory furnijhed
with Arms. Another Mafquerade. Tax upon
Houfes for building Forts. Furious Tuffon.
Riots of the Sailors. Proclamation to refrain
them. Religious Malice. The old King's Houfe
burnt.
\tral f 1'^ H E feventh of Augujl , the General, in
‘ ,e‘ Fi* JL Company of Mr. Adams , departed from
Firando in a Barge of the King’s, (with about
twenty Oars of a Side) for the Emperor of Ja¬
pan's Court. He took with him Mr. Ternpejl,
Peacock , Richard Wickham, Edward Saris , Wal¬
ter Carwarden , Diego Fernandos, John JVilliams
a Taylor, John Head a Cook, Edward Bart an
the Surgeon’s Mate, John Japan Pozjurebajfo, Ri¬
chard Dale Cockfwain, and Anthony Ferrea Sailor,
with a Cavalier of the King’s, for a Guard, be-
lides two of his Servants, and two of Mr.i^fs.
They had thirteen Pieces fired at their fetting
out.
lulktfiof The Author waited upon the two Kings, (as
t.Sailm. from the General) to give them Thanks for pro¬
viding fo well 3 for his Journey : They took it
kindly. And fome of the Men, having been a
little diforderly the Night before, the old King
willed him to have an Eye to them both aboard
and afhore, during the General’s Abfence ; inti¬
mating, that his own Honour, as well as the
Author’s Reputation, was concerned in their
good Behaviour.
The ninth, a Japan Boy, called Juan, who
fpoke good Spanijh , came and offered the Author
his Service for nine or ten Years, and to go to
England with him if he thought fit ; afking no
Wages but what he pleafed to give him. Miguel,
the Juribaffo , left with him by Mr. Adams, be¬
ing a little ftubborn, and given to gadding abroad,
fo that he was often at a Lofs for Want of an
Interpreter, on this Confideration, Cocks took
a the Boy and cloathed him. He was a Convert
of the Jefuits, and molt of his Kindred dwelt at
Nangafaki b ; only one of them lived at Firando,
who came with him, and parted his W ord for him.
He had ferved a Spaniard three Years at the Ma¬
nillas.
The thirteenth, the Author fhewed the Eng -
lijh Commodities to certain Merchants of Miako cy
but they bought nothing, nor feemed to like any
Thing but Gun-powder. Semidone carried fome
b Strangers firft to fee the Ship, and then to view
the Englijh Houfe.
The nineteenth, at Night, began the great Fall of the
Feftival of the Japanefe , who eat, and make Dtad'
merry by Candle-light, at the Graves of their
deceafed Relations, whom they invite to the Ban¬
quet. This lafted three Days and Nights. Very
ftridl Orders were_ given by the King, that all
Houfe-keepersfhould gravel the Street before their
Doors, and hang out Candles in the Night d : For
c difobeying which, a poor Man was put to death,
and his Houfe fhut up. The China Captain fur-
nifhed the Author with a Couple of handfome
Paper Lanthorns on this Occafion. As he was
informed, that the Kings would ride about the
Streets, and come to vifit him, he prepared a
Banquet, and waited for them till after Midnight,,
but they did not come.
On the three following Days, he fent Prefents
to both the Kings, (according to the Cuftom oi
d the Country) of Wine and banqueting Fare.
Likewife to Nabefone, the young Kings Brother,
Semidone , the old King’s Governor, and Unagenfe,
all which were well accepted. Some Cavaliers-
alfo coming to vifit the Houfe, received the bell
Entertainment he could give.
On the twenty-third, they made an End of
landing their Gun-powder, being in all, ninety-
nine Barrels ; of which, he advifed the General,
not to part with all to the Emperor, but referee
e convenient Store for themfelves. The Mailer
thought fit alfo, to fend feveral other Things a -
fhore, out of the Sailors Way, who began to
filch and Real, in order to go to Taverns and
3 The old King fent a hundred W in Japan Money, for defraying the General’s Charges on the Raid ;
which Money Cocks put to Account, by Saris' s Order,- as Money lent. In Purcoas , Langajuqut.
Miyake ; in Purchas, Maioko. An Inland City, one of the Capitals of Japan. Purchas . i his, ana ot
marginal; Notes, are the Author’s, d A fort of Candlemas , ox. All Souls. Purchas.
Bawdy.
510 Voyages of the E n g l i
|6i Bawdy-Houfes. This Day, the Purfer, Mr. Mel- a
Ocks. /ham, and the Author, dined at Semitone’s. This
being the laft Day of the Feftival, three Compa¬
nies of Dancers went up and down with Flags, or
Banners ; having Drums and Pans for Mufic, to
which they danced at every great Man’s Door, as
alfo at all their Pagods, and Sepulchres.
AMafqut- Til e twenty-fourth, at Night, all the Streets
rads, were illuminated, on Account of the young King
and his Brother, who, with Nalefone, Semitone,
and many others, went to a Mafquerade, or
Dancing, 'at the old King’s Houfe. The young
King, and his Brother, were on Horfeback, and
had Canopies carried over them: The reft went
on Foot ; and the Mufic was the fame as before-
mentioned : Nabefone played upon a Fife. The
Author being informed, that they intended to
vilit the EngliJ}} Houfe at their Return, prepared
a Banquet. At length, after Midnight, they
came, but in a confufed Manner, and feemed
difcontented : In Ihort, none of them entered the
Engli/h Houle. Captain Brower went along by
the Door, but would not look at them ; and they
made as little Account of him.
The twenty -feventh, they landed three Cul-
verins more ; fo they had now fix Pieces of Iron
Ordnance alhore. The old King came down
when they were about it; and feeing but twenty
Men, offered to fend leventy, or an hundred Ja-
The 'Factory panefe , to help them: But the Engli/h got them
* mil armed. (Q expeditioufly alhore, that he was much fur-
prifed ; and faid, an hundred of his Men would
not have done it fo foon : At the fame Time, he
was fo pleafed, that he fent for a Barrel of Wine,
and fome Fifih, which he gave the People for
labouring fo luftily.
The twenty-eighth, the Author received two
Letters of the nineteenth and twentieth, from
the General, by jthe Governor of Shimonafeke ,
who came not alhore, but delivered the Letters
aboard ; one was for the old King Foyne , which
Cocks carried, accompanied by Mr. Met/ham , and
Flemando : To the firft, the King gave a Rattan ;
to the fecond, another, with a Spani/J) Dagger ;
and to all three, certain Bunches of Garlic. He
likewile gave them Leave to dry the Gun-powder
on -the 'Fop of the Fortrefs, offering his People
to help them. This Day the Author received
twenty-two Bars of Lead into th e Engli/h Houfe;
and put into the new Lodge, an hundred and
twenty-five Culverin Shot, round and Jangrel. As
they were going to Supper, the old King came
and eat with them, being very merry, and took
fuch Fare as thev had in good Part.
A-crher The firft of September , the old King, with all
JM# querade. the Nobility, made a Mafquerade; and at Night,
went to vilit the young King his Grandchild,
with Mufic as aforefaid, all the Streets being
s h to the East Indies.
hanged with Lanthorns. Mr. Cocks being in- 1 613
formed, he intended to call on his Return, made Cocks.
Preparations, and ftaid till after Midnight ; butu-V^
he paffed by with his Company ; who were at lead
three thoufand, which probably was the Reafon
he did not flop.
The fecond of September , Semitone , and others, Tax for
appointed by the King, meafured all the Houfes
in the Street ; the Engli/h Houfe among the reft ; >r
in order to lay a Tax upon them, for building
fome Forts.
The fixth, a Cavalier, called Nombofyue, came
to vilit the Engli/h Houfe, and brought Mr. Cocks
a Prefent of two great Bottles of Wine, and a
Bafket of Pears. Next Morning, much Rain
and Wind increafing, all Day and Night varia¬
ble, from the Eaft to the South, in the Night, .
there blew a Storm, or Tuff on, fo violent, that the^^^‘
like had not been known in the Memory of Man :
It overthrew above an hundred Houfes, and un¬
covered many others, the old King’s among the
reft, and blew down the Wall that fticlofed it.
The Sea ran fo high, that it undermiitad a great
Wharf, or Key, at th c Dutch Houfe ; brake down
a Stone Wall, and carried away their Stairs ; funk
and ftaved them two Barks: Befides forty or fifty
others, were loft in the Road. It broke down
the Kitchen Wall at the Engli/h Houfe, which
was newly made, and the Oven, which it flowed
into. At the fame Time, the Wind blew off
the Tyles, and uncovered Part both of the Houfe
and Kitchen, which (hook as if there had been
an Earthquake. Meanwhile, the Terror of the
Hurricane was much increafed by the Mob’s run¬
ning about in an unruly Manner, with Firebrands,
great Sparks -from which were carried quite over
the Tops of Houfes: Befides this, the Fire that
happened to be in fome of the Houfes blowed
down, whirled up in great Flakes into the Air,
very terrible and dangerous ; infomuch, that had
it not been for the extream Rain that fell with
Thunder and Lightning (contrary to the true
Nature of a Tiffcn) all the Town would have been
confirmed by Fire. The Ship rode with five Ca¬
bles, whereof one old one broket without any
other Damage. The Long-boat and Skiff, were
both driven from the Ship, yet recovered again.
They heard more Hurt was done at Nangafaki ;
for above twenty China Junks were wrecked, to¬
gether with the Spani/h Ship, which brought the
r Ambaflador from the Manillas, or Pbilippinas.
The twelfth, two Merchants of Miako, com- Riait/ti
ing to the Engli/h Houfe, had all the Goods (hewn
them : They pitched upon two Broad-cloths, a
Stammel , and a Black, the beft they could find:
But offered only feven Tais, Japan Money, the
Yard ; and but eleven Tais, Japan Plate, for
one Tais of the Priaman Gold. Francis IVilliams
4 getting
Voyages of the E n g l i s
\c.2 getting drunk a afhore, without any Provocation, a
2ocks. ftruck one of the old King’s Men with a Stick.
j-y-Vj The Man came to the Englijh Houfe, with three
or four Witneffes of his, complaining of the A-
bufe, and threatening to inform the King, how
he had been mifufed by the Englijh. Mr. Cocks
gave them fair Words j and, as they laid, that
the Aggrefl'or was newly gone aboard the Ship,
he detired them to follow aboard, anti find out
the Party ; promifing, that they fhould fee him
punifhed to their Contents. Accordingly, they b
went; but iVilliams would have denied it, fwear-
ing it was falfe. However, the Matter ordered
him to be brought to the Capttain in their Pre¬
fence ; which they feeing, entreated for his I ar-
don, knowing he was drunk. For all this, he was
fo unruly, that he took up an Iron Crow, to
ftrike the Fellow before the Matter, to whom alio
he gave very ill Language. .
The thirteenth, the Author hearing, that the
old King was lick, fent the JurebaJfo to make c
him a Vifit ; with a Prefent of a great Bottle of
the General’s fweet Wine, and two Boxes of
Conferves, Comfits, and Sugar-bread : Which he
took in very kind Part, returning many Thanks,
and defired Mr. Cocks would not be backward in
a (kino- for any Thing that was wanted, either for
the Ship, or afhore ; alluring the Interpreter, that
fhould be furnifhed. Next Morning betimes,
Marinin, f (je Author was informed by the Malter, that
mod of the Ship’s Company had lain afhore all d
Niirht, without his Leave, notwithftanding the
great Wind which had continued all Night, and
that the Ship was on Ground. Mr. Mejjham the
Purfer, and Miguell the JurebaJfo , going along
with him to feek them out ; having found feveral
drinking, and making a Noife, he bellowed a
few Blows upon fome of them ; whereupon they
hatted a Shipboard : But Lambart , and Colphax ,
di (regarding the Matter’s Com mands5 ftaio aihore*
and being drunk, went into the Field and fought. e
Lambart was hurt in the Arm, and remained
h to ^East Indies.
511
drunk afhore all Night. Boles had done the like
emt
for two or three Nights before, and quarrelled
with Chrijlopher Evans about a W hore.
if Imiticn The feventeenth, Mr. Cocks having been m-
rtjhain formed, that Bajlian^ who kept the Bawdy- hou.e,
gave out, that if he came any more to his Houfe
to look for Englijh People, he would kill him,
and thofe that came with him, he went and com¬
plained to the young King, (the old being lick) f
who, at 'his Requeft, made Proclamation, that
no J apancfe fhould receive any of the Englijh in¬
to their Houfes, after Day-light, under a great 1613.
Penalty ; and, that it fhould be lawful for the Cocks.
Author, or his Aflittants, to go into the Houfe
of any Japanefe , to feek for the Men : That the
Japanefe themfelves fhould aflift him ; and, that
if the Doors were not immediately opened, he
might break them down. A Soldier likewife
was fent to warn Bajlian not to oppofe Mr. Cocks
in his Proceeding ; for that if he did, he would
be the firft who fhould pay for it. The perverfe
Sailors were fo difgutted at this, that fome of
them declared, they would drink in the Fields, if
they might not be fuffered to do it in tneTown;
for that" they would have Drink, if they were
forced to feek it in the Country.
The twenty-fixth, Novajka Dona came to vi¬
fit the Author; bringing with him two Bottles of
Wine, feven Loaves of frefh Bread, and a Difh
of Flying-Fifh. Mean Time, the old King puf¬
fing by the Door, faid, he met two Men in the
Street, whom he took for Strangers, and not
Englijh ; wherefore he defired, that the JurebaJfo ,
and another, might go along with one of his
Men, to fee them. They went, and found Lam¬
bart and Charke , who were drinking Water at a
Door in the Street, as he patted by. After this,
the Men were more upon their Guard, finding,
the King had a watchful Eye upon them.
The twenty-feventh, Mr. William Pauling , ReUghut
Matter’s Mate, dying at the Englifo Houfe of a Mal,ce-
lingering Confumption, the old King, at the Au¬
thor’s Requeft, granted a Burial-place for him,
among the Chriflians: But they were obliged to
carry the Corps, by Water, as far as the Dutch
Houfe, becaufe the Bofe b, (or Prieft) would not
fuffer it to pafs through the Street, before their
Pagod or Temple: And although many of the
Natives followed the Corps, they had much ado,
to get any of them to make the Grave, it being
for" a Chrijlian ; neither would they fuffer the
dead Corps to be conveyed by Water in any of
their Boats.
By the King’s Command, all the Streets were Difpatdin
cleaned, and Channels made on each Side, t
carry off the Water. The Streets were gravelled,
and the Channels covered with flat Stones, which
Work was all finiftred in one Day, every one do¬
ing it before his own Houfe. It was admirable
to fee their Diligence upon this Occafion. The-
Englijh Houfe was taken Care of by their Land-
lord.
The thirtieth, fome Merchants of Miafa-
came and viewed ail their Commodities, offering
» Of
might be
many Mifdemeanors, I permit fome to pafs the Prefs, that the Caufe 01 fo many Deaths iii the /«*</,
might be found rather, to be imputed to their own, than the Element s Ddlemper, and for a ^.av eat toothers
who dull fend, or be fent, into Ethnic Regions; yet I conceal the molt anu worn rhjs Marginal Note ot
Purcbas or the Author, fpares us the ingrateful Oifice of cenfunng Inch pernicious 1 raftM.es ot our Manners,
who ought to be the Glory, as they are the true Defence, of Br stain. . Bos, or lamma Los. 7 hey are a
of Hermits.
$ 1 2 Voyages 5/ ngus
1613. for the bell Stammel Cloth, no more than twelve
Cocks. Ta is a Fathom. The Eaftern Winds were fo vi-
olent both Day and Night, that they thought an¬
other Tuff'on was coming. The Fifhermen haul¬
ed their Boats onShore, and every one bound fall
X’-.jv’fi the Covering of their Houfes : It feems a Bofe,
(or Conjurer a) had told the King, a Week be¬
fore, that this Tempeft would come. The Eng-
lifl) Surgeon being in Liquor, and going into a
Houfe, where a Bofe was telling a Woman when
her Hufbands or Friends would return from Sea,
gave him Three-pence to conjure again, and tell
him when the General would return : The Bofe
allured him, he would be there within eighteen
Days ; pretending, that his Queltions were re-
folved by a Voice which came from behind the
Wall.
The fecond of Oflober, 1613, the Mailer
fent Word, that feven of the Ship’s Company b
were run away with the Skiff. Mr. Cocks was
going to fend after him, but was diverted by the
Dutch Jurebafj'o , who came and told him, his
Men were on the other Side of the Water, ca-
roufing at aTap-houfe: But they proved to be
three of another Gang, who had* gone over to a
neighbouring Ifland, becaufe they could not be
allowed their Swing to walk by Night in Firando.
By this Means the Runaways had more Time to
get off.
end King's T'his Night, about eleven o’Clock, the old
Hiufe burnt, King’sHoufe, on the other Side of the Water, was
fet on Fire, and quite burned down in the Space
of an Hour. Nothing could be more violent for
the Time. It was owing to his own Heedleff-
nefs, in going up and down with lighted Canes ;
the Coals whereof falling among the Mats, fet
them on Fire.
Next Day, the Author vifited him upon Oc-
cafion, for which he returned Thanks ; faying,
his Lofs was nothing, although it was thought to
have been confiderable. About Noon, Word
having been brought, that the Runaways were
at a defart Illand, two Leagues off, he applied to
both Kings for their Affillance ; who anfwered,
brat back they would fetch them either alive or
dead. Accordingly, they fent two Boats full of
Soldiers after them.
SECT. II.
Uproar about Fire. The Deferters take Sanfluary.
Their Pardon obtained. King cf Nangafaki vi¬
sits the Author. Prefent to him. Old King’s
JuJiice : Dines with the Dutch. The Defer-
h to the East Indies,
a ters fecreted : Lay the Blame on their Officers. i6iq
Another Fire. The Deferters encouraged. Great Cock-.
Fejlival. More Fires at Firando. L/’V* !
THE fourth of Oflober, there was a Report, Upward
that the Devil had anfwered, by his Ora- ^‘rt*
cle to their Bofe , or Conjurers, that the Town
of Firando Ihould be burned to Allies that Night ;
and Criers went up and down the ^Streets all
Night, making fuch a Noife with, Put out your
b Fires , that no Reft was to be had for them : But
this Devil was proved a Liar therein, for no fuch
Matter happened.
The fifth, the old King came to the Englifh
Houfe, and told the Author, he had fent out two
Men of War after the Fugitives : He informed
him likewife, that the Governor (or King) of
Nangafaki % called Bon Diu , would be at Firando
next Morning, and that it would not be amifs,
if the Ship fhot off three or four Guns as he
c paffed-by. This Governor is the Emprefs’s Bro¬
ther : And there is another Japancje Governor,
or King, in Town, of a Place called Seam.
While they were talking, a Cavalier brought the
King a Letter from the Emperor’s Court, and
faid, that the General would be in Firando with¬
in eight or ten Days ; for that the Emperor had
difpatched him away before his Departure thence.
I he feventh, Mr. 'James Fojler , the Mailer, OHi Difen
returned from Nangafaki , and brought the Skiff: taktSmS
d But the Men had taken Sanduary in the Town/7*
fo that he could not get to fpeak with any of
them. On this Occalion fome Japanefe inform¬
ed Mr. Cocks , that Miguel , the Jurebaffio, dealt
deceitfully, and inltead of exhorting the Men to
return, counfelled them to perfilt in their Defer-
tion. In fhort, the Author perceived, that the
Men would be conveyed away by the Spaniards
to the Manillas or Alolukkos , unlels he made a
Friend of the Bon Diu d.
e Afternoon, the Bon Diu palling on Foot 7 ‘beirPar.
before the Englifh Houfe, accompanied with th t don Mane
young King* (who gave him the upper Hand)
and above live hundred Followers, Mr. Cocks
went out to pay his Compliments i The Bon Diu
flopped at the Door, and gave him Thanks for
the Ships Salute. At Night, the Author carried
him a Prefent. In Return, he offered to do the
Englijh any good Office he could at the Court,
and of his own Accord, began to fpeak of the
f fugitives. He would have them all pardoned.
Cocks was for excepting one or two Ring-leaders :
But, at length, complied to give it under his
Hand, that all Ihould be pardoned ; and that he
The poorer Sort
b There Names
“ Before, he is called a Pried. Poffibly their Clergy are both Priefls and Fortune-Tellers
go begging about ; and to get Money pretend much Skill in Divination and Medicine. . j llere Names
Zn/i k-r if , Chripphcr Evans, C/emM Locke, Jafptr Malconty ‘nd7™«
he l he true Name is Nag*/^. t ln fome Plau.s, as llerc, this Name is made » appel iZl
would
V o V A G e s of the English to the East Indies,
5*3
Si 2. would get the General to confirm the fame at his <
jcks. Return : Otherwife the Bon Diu faid, he would
cty—— 'not meddle m the Matter, to be the Occafion of
the Death of any Man. The Dutch waited on
him alfo with a Prefent afterwards ; but they were
before-hand with him next Day, in a Prefent to
his Brother, which he made at the Inftance of
Semiclone , who faid it was expe&ed. Soon after,
he came to the Englijh Houfe himfelf, accompa¬
nied with many Cavaliers, where they looked on
all the Commodities, yet bought nothing. He 1
gave the Author a fmall Kattan , who made him
a Prefent of two Glafs Bottles, two Gally-Pots,
and about half a Katti of great Cloves, picked
out on Purpofe, he being defirous to have them
for medicinal Ufes. After taking a Collation,
they departed.
k of Word being brought, that Bon Diu a and
Nwiakii hisBrother (who was bathing at the Dutch Houfe,
where there was a not Bath) defigned to vifit the
Ship, Mr. Cocks went to meet and entertain them.
Ben Diu gave him two Kattans for a Prefent, and
they had (even Pieces of Ordnance fhot off for a
Farewel. Prefently his Brother returned, de¬
firing to have a little Monkey for Bon Diu’s
So Cocks bought one of the Mafter
which coft him five Ryals of Eight,
it to Bon Diu ; then went afhore with
the Brother, (at his Requeft) three Pieces of Grd-
beina; fhot off on the Occafion. When
1612.
c<*k .
Children
Gunner,
and fent
nance
Foyne, the King, came dealing in upon them,
and did as the reft did. He alfo befpoke a Piece
of Englijh Beef, and another of Pork, fod with'
Onions and Turnips for next Day. Cocks took
this Opportunity to prefs the fending back the
Runaways, which was promiled.
The eleventh, the Beef and Pork were fent;
with a Bottle of Wine, and fix Loaves of white
Bread. Foyne was well pleafed with the Vi&uals,
and was accompanied at the eating thereof by the
young King his Grandchild, Nabefone his Bro¬
ther, and Sc/nidone his Kinfman.
The twelfth, Cocks went to vifit both th zO]d Kings
Kings, and found old Foyne afleep ; but fpoke^"*'
with his Governor, and from thence went to the
young King. They thanked him for the kind
Entertainment he had given thofe Strangers: But
towards Night, the old King fent to tell him,
that he underftood they had taken away certain
Goods, paying him what they themfelves thought
fit, and not what he demanded. Cocks anfwer-
ed, that it was true, they had done fo, but that
he took it to be the Cuftom of the Country : For
that he was informed, they ufed to take the fame
Liberty with both Chinefe and Portuguefe ztNan-
gafaki ; and that what they had taken from him,
was not worth the fpeaking of. It was replied,
that although they dealt fo at Nangafaki with the
Chinefe , who were a People forbidden to trade in
Japan , yet ought they not to make fo free with
they were afhore, he would needs fee the Author d Strangers, who had Privilege to trade ; efpecially
I 'rt ft
1 Cocks.
home, who made him another Collation in Cap
tain Adams's Chamber ; after which he departed,
and would not fuffer Cocks to accompany him
back to his Lodging. It muft not be omitted,
that late at Night Foyne Sama , the old King, (tor
Reafons beft known to himfelf) fent a Man to
know of Cocks the Particulars of the Prefents
given to both the Brothers, and put it down in
Writing.
The ninth, Bon Diu fent one of his Do-
mefticks to give Mr. Cocks Thanks for his kind
Entertainment aboard, and two Barrels of Miako
Wine for a Prefent. Soon after, his Brother
fent two Barrels of Japan Wine, with the like
Ceremony. Both of them being very earneft to
have a profpective Glafs, he at la ft found an old
one of Mr. Eaton' s ; but it was foon after return¬
ed with Thanks, as not being liked.
The tenth, two Sons of another Governor,
who dwelt in Nangafaki , came to fee the Englifj
Houfe : They were Converts. Cocks fhewed them
the Commodities, made them a Collation, and
entertained them with Mufic, two Hands by
Chance being there. As they were at it, old
in Firando, where thofe Fellows had nothing to
do. Cocks faid, he would wait himfelf on hi*
Highnefs, and acquaint him with the Affair : In
the mean Time returning humble Thanks for
the Care he took to fee Juftice done to Strangers,
as well as the Natives. Captain Brower fent him
Word, that the fame Perfons had taken divers
Sorts of Commodities from him, and paid what
they lifted for them: Healfofent an empty Bottle,
defiring to have it filled with Spanijh Wine, for
that he had invited certain Strangers, and had
none of his own b.
The thirteenth, the old King fent for Mr. Dina wist.
Cocks and Eaton to come to Dinner to the Dutchtht Dutch*
Houfe, and to bring a Bottle of Wine. The
Dinner was very good, and well dreffed both after
the Japanefe and Dutch Fafhion, ferved upon
Tables, but no great Drinking. The old King
fat at one Table, accompanied with his eldeft
Son, and both the Brothers of the young King ;
who, being indifpofed, was not there himfelf. At
the other Table fat firft, Nabefone , the old
King’s Brother ; then Cocks next ; Semidone be¬
low him ; after him the old King’sGovernor : And,
1 Here we leave out the, to make Bon Diu a proper Name, inflead of a T itle. b Thefe fmall Things
are mentioned, to fhevv how poor Cocks was impofed upon amongrt them ; for it looks as if, taking Advantage of
his weak Side, they had all a Defign to get what they could out of him, without any Dcfign of lerving him.
V'OL. I. N° 25. Uuu laftly.
5 H
Voyages
hiftlv, Zanzcbar’s “Father-in-law.
of the
1/
Englis
On the other
Side fat -feveral Noblemen. Captain Brower did
not fit all the while, but carved at Table; all his
own People attending and ferving on their Knees.
At the Conclufion, he gave Drink himfelf to
every one of his Guefts upon his Knees. This
Teeming ftrange to Cocks , he afked Brower (who
would needs fee him home) theReafon of it. He
faid, it was the Fafhion of the Country : And
that the King himfelf, when he made a Feaft,
did the like in Honour to his GuefF. Before
Night, the old King came to the Englijb Houfe,
and vifited all Parts. A Collation was fet before
him, and he flayed an Hour talking of one thing
or other.
Vht Defa ter i The Sixteenth, two Sea-faring Men, a Vene-
js-rered, t'ian ant| fUmming, coming from Nangafaki ,
told the Author, that the feven Runaways
were conveyed away Secretly in a Small Bark,
which went to Makdu % with an Intent to get a
Paffage homewards in the Englijh Ship. The
Flemming had Served the Spaniards three or four
and twenty Years; and came a Mailer’s Mate
from Agua Pulca b for the Manillas , or Philip-
pinas. He had a good deal of Money, and would
have fent it aboard, or brought it to the Englijh
Houfe : But Cocks told them, that, in the Ge¬
neral’s Abfence, he durft not prefume to enter¬
tain them. Thefe came for a PalSage to England ,
upon which he Sent Miguel the Jurebaffo to ac¬
quaint the King with it ; alluring him, they
were no Spaniards , nor Subjects to the King of
Spain. The King returned Anfwer, that if they
were Such as he faid, they were welcome : But if
they were Cajlilians , or Portuguese, he would
not Suffer them to Hay there ; for that the Spanijh
Ambalfador had procured Orders from the Em¬
peror, that all the Spaniards Should withdraw from
Japan to the Pbilijpinas.
(Complain nf The Seventeenth, the Author accompanied
ti*ir officers, the t wo Strangers, by their Intreaty, to the old
King’s. In the Way they told him, the Fugi¬
tive Englijh had reported at Nangafaki , that more
would come after them ; and that not any Man
of Account would Hay to carry away the Ship,
for that thofe in Command ufed them more like
Dogs, than Men : Adding, that if twenty refo-
lute Spaniards would make the Attempt with a
Small Boat or two, they might eafily take the
Ship. The King received them very civilly, and
inquired about the Wars betwixt the Spaniards
and Flemmings in the Moluk'kas ; which they faid
the Spaniards were determined to purfue very
vigoroufly, and to that Effect had great Forces
prepared. They alfo declared, that they believed
the Englijh Fugitives had been Secretly carried
h to the East Indies.
Makau : But the King would not believe them ;
faying, it was not poflible that Such a Man as
Bon Diu Should break his Promife. In fine, he
was contented, that thofe Strangers fhould flay
here, and go in the Ship, if the General per¬
mitted them. They told Cocks , that he needed
not to defire any worfe Revenge on their Fugi¬
tives, than the bad Entertainment they were fure
to have from the Spaniards.
The eighteenth, there was a total Eclipfe of
from Nangajaki feven Days before in
a Soma
b the Moon, 'about eleven at Night. Next Night,
about the fame Hour, a Fire broke out near th zAr.otberFi
young King’s Houfe ; and if the Wind, which
was at North-Weft, had not of a fudden fallen,
molt of the Town had been deftroyed. It was
extinguifhed by the Diligence of the Englijh ,
though not before forty Houfes were burnt to the
Ground. The Fire took hold three or four Times
on the other Side the Street, where the Englijh
Houfe was, but they ftill put it out ; and were
c much commended by the Kings and all others
for their Care. The old King came on Horfe-
back to their Houfe, and advifed them to put all'
Things into the Gadonge , and daub up the Doors
with Clay, to prevent Danger : Captain Brower
and fome of his People alfo came to afiift him in
cafe of Need. How the Fire began could not
be difeovered : Yet there was a Rumour among
the People, that the Devil and their conjuring
Priefts had foretold a much greater Fire to hap-
d pen ; but it was likely the Contrivance of fome
Villains, for the Convenience of robbing and
carrying-off the Goods fecurely during the Con-
fufion.
The twentieth, towards Night, Hernando The Dcfin
Ximenes the Spaniard , and Edward Markes re- enemraged
turned from Nangafaki , but could not come to
Sight of any of the Runaways, although they were
in the Town. A Portuguese , or Spaniard , who
was a confiderable Man in the Sea-faring Way,
e told Markes , that they fhould have none of the
Men back ; but that all the reft fhould be wel¬
come, efpecially if they brought the Ship with
them. The Japanefe , whom the King fent along
with the other two, would not let Markes ftir out
of Doors for a Night and half a Day after their
Arrival at Nangafaki , but went abroad him¬
felf, and Hernando lay at another Houfe : Whence
Cocks concluded there was fome Juggling betwixt
them, and difpaired of the People coming back,
f He blamed the Jefuits ; the old King being pleafed
with what he faid on the Occafion, and told him,
that he would take fuch Order hereafter, that
none of the Englijh fhould be carried to Nanga¬
faki , unlefs they ftole away the Ship’s Boat, as
the others did. Accordingly, an Edi£l was pub-
to lifhed, forbidding to carry or convey away any
* In Purchas , Macenv,
k Or, Aqua pulco.
z
q£
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
1S13.
Cocks.
<!'— v— '
krcat Fef-
of the EngViJh , without the Knowledge of the a
King, and Mr. Cocks.
The twenty-third, a great Pagan Feaft was
celebrated : Upon which Occafion, both Kings,
with all the Nobility, accompanied by divers
Strangers, met at a Pavilion, fet up before the
great Paged , to fee a Horfe-Race. Every Noble¬
man went on Horfeback, accompanied by his
Slaves, foine with Pikes, fome with fmall Shot,
and others with Bows and Arrows. Thefe lined
both Sides of the Street, (the Pikemen on one b
Side, and the Mufketeers on the other) where the
Horfes were to run ; and right before the Pavi¬
lion was around Buckler of Straw hanged againft
the Wall, at which the Archers on Horfeback,
running full Speed, fhot their Arrows. Late at
Night Zanzebar and his Wife’s Brother came to
the Englijh Houfe, the latter bringing a Prefent
of a Haunch of Venifon, and a Bafket of Oranges:
And about ten o’Clock, their Landlord came to
tell them, that the King had given exprefs Com- c
mand, that every Houfe fhould have a Tub of *
Water ready on the Top, becaufe the Devil had
declared, the Town fhould be burned that Night :
But he again proved a Liar, it feems. Howrever,
Cocks did not fail to provide a huge Tub of Wa¬
ter ; and all Night the People ran about crying,
in a hideous dreadful Tone, Look to your Fire.
The twenty-fourth, the Rumour of burning the
Town continued with the fame Noife at Night,
made by three or four Men 3. d
The twenty-fifth, the King made a Com¬
plaint of Hernando the Spaniard , that he was a
common Gamefter, and had drawn in feveral to
play, and had won their Money : Affirming alfo,
that he attempted to run away when laft at Nan-
gafaki ; which Cocks knew could not be, fince he
had free Liberty to go when he would. But by this,
and fome other Things, he obferved, that the Peo¬
ple of Firando were no Friends to the Spaniards ,
nor yet to the Portugueze. e
he Fires. Last Night, fome ill-difpofed People attempt¬
ed to fire the Town in three Places, which though
it was prevented before any Hurt done ; yet the
Authors, whether the conjuring Priefts, or other
Villains, could not be difeovered.
Mr. MELSHAM being very fick, 7,anzebar
made him a Vifit, accompanied with a Bonze , or
Do&or ; and advifed him to take the Phyfic of
that Country, which, he faid, would prefently
flop his Flux. Accordingly the Patient, with the f
Englijk Surgeon’s Confent, took the Phyfic, (being
Pills, and fome Seeds) but without any Succefs.
The twenty -fixth, all their wafte Cloths,
Pendants, Brafs Shivers, and other Matters, were
fent aboard, and the Ship put in Order to receive
the General. Another Houfe was fet on Fire the
Night before by Villains, but foon put out. All
this while the Night-Ctiers of Fire made fuch a
horrible, diforderly Noife, that there was no taking
any Reft for them.
The Captain Cbinefa being fick, fent for feme
fpiced Cakes, and a Couple of Wax Candles;
which were fent him, as a Piece of Pork had
been the Day before. Mr. Meljham, grown
weary of his Indian Phyfic, left it ofF, whereat
Z anzebar and his Dodfor feemed much difgufted.
SECT. III.
An extraordinary kind of Feajl. A Comedy ailed
by the King and his Nobles. Japan Poetry , and
Mufic , ha’Jh. News of Korea, aud its Trade.
Spanifh Spies from Nangafaki. The Author
cautioned. New Alarms of Fire and Thieves.
Method of the Author' r, to prevent Fires , fallow¬
ed. Sufpicious Dealers. The Biters bitten.
TH E thirtieth, in Compliance with th cExtraordf-
Cuftom of the Country, the Author got vary FeaJl‘
ready two Bottles of Spar.iflo Wine, two roalted
Hens, a roafted Pig, a fmall Quantity of Rufk,
and three Boxes of banqueting Stuff, to be fent
as a Prefent to the King : For the more fumptuous
Celebration of a great Feaft, w'hich was to be
held the next Day ; on which Occafion, a Co¬
medy, or Play, was likewife to be adied. Before
Night, the young King fent to him, to borrow a
Pair of Stammel Cloth Breeches for fome of the .
Adtors, which he could not furnifh them with :
But returned a Compliment, with an Offer of
any Thing they had, that might be of Ufe to
them. Both the Kings, at Night, fent him an
Invitation to the Comedy.
The thirty-firft, the aforefaid Prefent wa sPlaysaHett
fent; and his Company being infifted on, toge-l>JrcalKjn2t*
ther writh Meffieurs Fcfer and Eaton , they all
three went to the Play. They found a good Place
appointed for them ; and, the old King himfelf
came and brought them a Collation, in Sight of
all the People. After which, Semidone did the
like, in the Name of both Kings : And then
divers Noblemen of the Kings Followers, made
them a third Collation. This Comedy (or Play)
was performed by the Kings themfelves, wdth the
greateft Noblemen and Princes. The Subject
was a Hiftory of the valiant Deeds of their An-
ceftors, from the Foundation of the Kingdom to
the prefentTime; with many divertinglnterludes,
for the Entertainment of the common People.
There was a prodigious crouded Audience. Every
Houfe in Town brought a Prefent : Nor was there
a Village or Place, under their Dominions, but
* Mr. Cocks's farther Preparations on this Occafion we omit.
lluu 2
wlut
AVttf f
Koir*.
516 Voyages 5/ //jf? Engl
1613. what <Jid the like, and were Spectators. The
Ci cks. Kings themfelves faw that every one, both great
'“‘"■'v**’— 'and fmall, eat and drank before they departed.
jja-f/j ro,t,y Theip. Afting, Mufic, and Singing, (as well
eiia-Xvfic. as their Poetry) was very harfti to the Englijh',
yet they kept due Time both with Hands and
Feet. Their Mufic was little Tabors, fhaped like
an Hour-glafs. They beat on the End with one
Hand, and {trained the Cords that went about
them with the other, which made it found great
or fmall a, as they lilted ; accompanying it with
their Voice, w h i 1 ft another played on a Fife, or
Flute. As uncouth as it all appeared, yet the
Author obferves, that he never faw a Play which
affe&ed him fo much, as it difeovered a Reach of
Policy and Grandeur, not to be found in the
European Comedies, which are but the Pictures,
or Images of Things: Whereas this Play was a
true Hiftory, acted by real, not imaginary Kings,
in order to keep up a perpetual Rememberance of
their Affairs. The King did not fend for the
Flemmings, and therefore Mr. Cocks efteemed it a
greater Compliment to the Englijh.
At bis Return home, he found three or four
Dutchmen there. One of them was in a "Japan
Habit, and came from a Place w'iihin Sight of
Korea , called Kujbma ; where they fold Pepper,
and other Commodities, and had, as he thought,
a fecret Trade into Korea , or were in Expecta¬
tion of it. He was in Hopes, if they fucceeded,
that it would prove a leading Card to the Eng¬
lijh ; not doubting but Mr. Adams , who put them
into the Way of it, would do as much for his
own Country, as for Strangers. Hernando feeing
thefe two Men at Brower’s , afked whence they
came ; at which, the Captain took Fire, and
faid, he would give him no Account of it.
Towar ds Night, Andres Bulgarin, a Genoefe,
and Benito de Palais , Pilot-Major of the SpaniJ}>
Ship, lately caft away on the Coaft of Japan ,
came to Nangafaki , and fent for the JurebaJJo :
But Mr. Cocks refufing to let him go to them,
they prefently after made him a Vifit, with Z an-
zebar , at whofe Houfe they lodged. They pre¬
tended it was not the Fathers (as they call them)
who fecreted the Runaways, or went about to
convey them away ; but the People of Nangafaki ,
who, they faid, were a very bad Sort of People.
But Cocks fufpefted thefe Fellows came of Pur-
pofe, to inveigle more of the Men away ; and
therefore advifed the Mafter, to have a ftridt Eye
both to Ship and Boats ; as alfo to take Notice if
any offered to keep them Company.
The Mafter faid, he would beware of them,
and that he efteemed them fuch as Cocks took them
for: Yet foon after, going afliore to the Englijh
Sp#ni/h5F«.
'Jbe Anther
tnHikncd.
ish to the East Indies.
a Houfe, he was there prevailed on, to go dine 1620,
with them at Zanzebar’ s. The other two Spani- Cocks."
ards (or Strangers) and Hernando went alfo : But v—
defired Mr. Cocks to caution him, not to eat, or
drink any Thing, but what he faw the others
tafte before them ; for that there was no trufting
them. Mr. Adams , it feems, had Goods in his
Flands, belonging to this Pilot- Major, who came
to look after them, and propofed to wait till his
Return. He alfo brought Letters from the Bi-
b {hop, and other Padres , to the two Strangers, to
perfuade them to return to Nangafaki.
The fecond, foine Villains fet an Houfe on Alarm f
Fire in FiJh-Jlreet ; but it was foon extinguifhed, Fire ani
and the Parties efcaped : They were fuppofed to U,'v<u
come from Miako. Three wrere much fufpe&ed,
but no Proof found againft: them. Another Vil¬
lain got into a poor Widow’s Houfe, to rob her:
But fhe making an Out-cry, he fled up into the
Wood, over-againft the Englif Houfe, where
c the Pagod was ; and, although foon after the
Wood was befet with above five hundred Men,
yet the Thief could not be found. At Night, a3
they were going to Bed, there was an Out-cry on
a fudden, that Thieves were on the Top of the
Englijh Houfe, fetting it on Fire : But the Ladder
being ready reared, Cocks , and others, inftantly
mounted, but found no body. They obferved all
the Neighbours on the Tops of their Houfes alfo.
It w^as thought to be nothing but a falfe Alarum,
d given on Purpofe to fee how ready every one
would be to prevent the Danger: Yet at that
very Inftant, a Houfe was fet on Fire, although
foon quenched.
The Night before, three Houfes were fet on Method r»
Fire in divers Parts of the Town, but all put^"w***'"
out at Beginning ; whereupon Order was given,
to take Notice what People were in every Houfe,
and fuch as were fufpicious, to be banifhed out of
the Country. Gates, or Bars, alfo were made to
e fhut up the Paffages, or Ends of Streets ; and
Watch fet in divers Places, without crying and
making a Noife up and down in the Night, as
hath been for a Time pra£tifed : Nor was any Man
fuffered to walk the Streets at Night, except a-
bout earneft Bufinefi. Notwithftanding all this,
a Villain, about ten o’Clock in the Night, fet a
Houfe on Fire, near the Pagod above-mentioned.
Being efpied by the Watch, they purfued him :
But he got into the adjoining Wood, which forth-
with was befet, as before ; the old King Foyne
coming in Perfon, with many Noblemen. Yet
the Rogue efcaped ; and, getting among the
Croud, (as the Author thinks) ran up and down,
crying Stop Thief, as well as the beft. Several
more Attempts having been made thefe four Days
a By which we underlland, loud and foft, or ftrong and weak. -
paft>
5 1 4. paft, to fet Fire to the Town, and all other Me¬
rits. thods to put a Stop to them, failing, Order was
given, on the fourth of November , to have a fecret
Watch in divers Parts of the Town every Night,
and no Man to ftir out, during thatT'ime ; ex¬
cept upon urgent Occafion, and with a Light be¬
fore him that he might be feen. Tlie JapaneJe ,
it feeins, were beholden for this Contrivance, to
the Author, who propofed it to the Kings, and
others, above a Week before, not doubting but
it would prove an effe£lual Remedy.
iwim Next Morning, Mr. Cocks received two Let-
l/cn. ters: One from Domingo Francifco , the Spanijh
AmbafTador, dated in Ximonafeque , for certain
Goods ; the other from George the Portuguefe .
Having {hewed the Servant, who brought them
the Goods that were written for, he pitched up¬
on two Pieces of fine Semian Chowters, and
eight Pieces of white Baftas ; paying feven Tats
the Piece for the firft, and two Tais the Piece
for the latter.. A Spanijh Friar, or Jefuit, who
came in the Boat with the Ambaflador’s Man,
having defired to fee the Ship, he was gratified,
and kindly ufed by the Direction of Mr. Cocks ;
according to the old Saying, It is good fame times
to hold a Candle to the Devil he.
Crj/Saris The fixth, about ten o’Clock, the General,
n HI. and all his Company, returned from the Japan
Court, and Mr. Adams with them. As foon as
5l7
he arrived, he fent Mr. Cocks with his Compli- 1614.
ments to both the Kings, promifmg to vifit them Coci<s.
next Day, which they accepted kindly. Some
Merchants of Miako , came to the Englijh Houfe,
and chofe out ten Pieces of KaJJedi Nil ; and
agreeing for them at three Tais the Piece, the
Author fent them to their Lodgings : But receiv- Tbe site?*
ing, inftead of the Money, an Order only upon*"7*'**
Semi done , who was newly gone on a Voyage,
(the Generail having met him on the Way) he
fent Word back, that he would have his Money,
or elfe his Goods again: But they returned An-
fwer, that he fhould have neither one nor other.
Upon this. Cocks applied to the Kings for Juftice i
but firft fent aboard with Orders for the Boat to
be flopped, which carried-off the Goods. The
young King told him,inAnfwer to his Complaint,
that Semidone was able enough to pay him : But
refufed to be refponfible for the Debt. Mean
Time, the old King coming in, faid he would
give Order, that the Money fhould be paid:
Yet his Order had come too late, if the Pinnace
had not flopped them. At laft, the Hofl, where,
they lodged, palled his Word for Payment.
Captain Brower , and all his Merchants,
came to the Englijh Houfe to vifit the General j
and Nabefone a fent him a young Shote for a Pre-
fent, faying, he would come himfelf and vifit
him within a Day or two.
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
CHAP. XIX.
Several Particulars relating to the Affairs of Japan, from 1614, to 1620,
extracted from the Letters of Mr. Cocks.
Jfo which is added , the Subjlance of two Letters from Mr. Sayer ; and a Letter
from the Emperor of Japan, to the Prince of Orange.
THE Letters of Mr. Cocks are five in Num¬
ber : The firfi is dated from Firando , the
tenth of December , 1614, which was about a
Year after the Departure of Captain Saris , to
whom it appears to be written, (although it has
no Direction) ; and, by the Remark in the firfi
Note, at the End, he defires to be remembered
to his Brother George Saris. The fecond Letter
is of the fame Date with the firfi, and diredled to
Thomas JVilfon , Efq; (afterwards Sir Thomas) at
his Houfe at the Britain-Burfe , [or Exchange ] in
the Strand. The third is to Captain Saris , and
dated the fifteenth of February , 1617 b ; Mr.
Cocks had written to him the fifth of January ,
1616, by the Ship Thomas , which went from Fi¬
rando in Company with another fmall VefTei,
called The Advice, (which returned thither in Augujl,
1617) but this Letter is not inferted in Purcbas ;
and only Part of the fourth is given, without
either Date or Dire&ion : But it feems to have
been written in 1618, or 1619, and to Captain
Saris , from what we have obferved in a Note
towards the Beginning. The fifth and laft Let¬
ter, is direfted to Sir Thomas IViljon above-men¬
tioned, but dated by Miftake, the tenth of March ,
1610, inftead of 1619, or 1620 c. We have
thrown the Subftance of thefe fiveLetters together,
according to the Order of Time in which they
were written ; and marked, by a Note, the Place,
where the Matters, contained in each, begin.
* F 'obi / ana, in Pure has, b That is, 1617-18. f See the Note hereafter.
SECT,
5>8
V o y a g e s of the E n g lish to the East Indies.
1 6 1 4.
Cocks.
Prifjis and
jfefuits ba
rtjbed.
Civil Wars
■in Japan.
Ofakay
burnt.
SECT. I.
The Rom i Hi Priejls and JefuiJls , banijhed out of
Japan. Civil IVars break-out there. Ofakay
hurtled. A TufFon. State of the Englifh Trade.
Pipes of Trade to China. Dutch Piracies.
Trade of Korea. Sailing JVaggons. Infant-
!Tur ds common. Dutch Reports. Their great
Strength , and bad Conduct ; revenged by the Chi-
r.efe, and Kochin Chinefe. k
OMETIME after Captain Saris’s Departure
for England , Mr. Cocks bought a Junk %
called the Sea Adventure , of about two hundred
Tons. She was fitted out for Siam ; and Mr.
Adams often mentioned before, was to go in her
as Mailer ; and Meflieurs JVickham and Sayer b,
as Merchants : Mr. Peacock having been flain in
Kochm-China ; and noNews heard of JValter Car -
warden , fince he went thither.
Between the writing of this Account, and c
his Correipondent’s Departure, the Emperor had
banifhed all Jefuits, Prieils, Friars, and Nuns,
out of Japan ; {hipping them away, fome for
Makau in China , and the reft for the Manillas ,
and had pulled down, and burned all their
Churches, and Monafteries. Foyne Sama , the old
King of Firando , died; and TJJhiandono his Go¬
vernor, and two other Servants, had ripped up
their Bellies to bear him Company ; their Bodies
being burned, and the Allies emtombed upon his. d
Alfo Wars were likely to enfue betwixt Ogujho
Sama , the old Emperor, and Fidaia Sama , the
young Prince, Son to Tiko Sama , who had forti¬
fied himfelf ftrongly in his Caftle of Ofakay. He
had eighty, or an hundred thoufand Men, con-
fifting of Runaways, Exiles, and Malecontents,
who reforted to him from all Parts, and had laid
in Provifion for three Years. The old Emperor
himfelf was come down againft him in Perfon,
with an Army of three hundred thoufand Men, e
and was then at the Caftle of Fujhma c : Their
advanced Parties, had had two or three Skirmifhes
already, in which many were flain on each Side.
All Ofakay was burned to the Ground, except the
Caftle, which obliged Mr. Eaton to retire to f
Sakkey with his Goods ; yet not without Danger
there; for Part of that Town was likewife
burned.
In his fecond Letter, he adds farther, with re¬
gard to the King’s Palace, (which was a {lately
Building, and within a new Fortrefs) that the
Tiles, which were all gilt on the Outlide, were
carried away with a Whirlwind, in fuch a Man¬
ner, that none of them were to be found ; and,
that the Japancfe attributed it to fome Charms,
or Conjuration of the Jefuits, lately banifhed:
And, on the other hand, the Papijl Converts,
aferibed it to the Punifhment of God, for banilh-
ing fuch holy Men.
Such an extraordinary Tempeft, or TufJon,A Tuffoi
had happened 2t Edoo , that the like was never
feen in that Place : The Sea overflowing all the
City, driving the People up into the Mountains,
defacing, and breaking down all the Noblemens
Houfes, which were beautiful and ftately Build¬
ings.
As to the Trade, the Emperor had taken the
Ordnance, with a large Quantity of the Lead,
ten Barrels of Powder, and two or three Broad¬
cloths: He had likewife fold a good Part of the
Remainder, particularly of the Black, Hair- co¬
lour, and Cinnamon-colour, at fifteen, four¬
teen, thirteen, and twelve Tais the Tattamy.
They would not look on a Venice Red, nor a
Flame-colour, neither were Stammels in fuch Re-
queft as formerly : But inquired much after
Whites,' and Yellows. The Hollanders had fold State of
moft of their Broad-cloths at under Rates, which
forced him to do the like. With regard to the >a *’
Kambaya Cloths, th ejapanefe did not like the red
Zelas , blue Byrams , nor Duttis , which were
chiefly the Sorts left at the Factory : Only fome
white Baflas were fold at fourteen, and fifteen Mas
the Piece ; and Kaffedis Nil , Alleias , broad Pintados ,
with fuch fpotted, ftriped, and chequered Stuffs,
were moft afked for, and fold to beft Profit. He
had alfo fold near half their Bantam Pepper, for
fixty-five Alas the Pikul ; and all the reft had
been difpofed of, had it not been for the Rumour
of Wars. He was in Hopes of pufhing a Trade
into China , by Means of Andrea , the China Cap- china.
3 On this Occafion, he tells his Correfpondent, that it rode at Kochi, a League from Firaudo, where, (fays
he) your Ship rode at your Departure from hence: Whence, it may be prefumed, that this Letter was written
to Captain Saris. b Mr. Sayer, in his Letter to Captain Saris, dated the fifth of December , 1615, in¬
forms his Worlhip, (as he calls him) that they fet out on this Voyage; but meeting with great Storms, and foul
Weather, the Junk fprung Leaks : That hereupon they bore up for the Hand of Louckes [or the Lucayas,~\ where
they Haiti fo long, that they loft the Motnfon ; and after all, could not flop the Leaks ; fo that they were forced
to return to Firando : But that this Year, they had trimmed her anew, and fhe was ready to fail again for Siam.
c Mr. Sayer, in the fame Letter quoted in the Note above, mentions the Iflue of thefe Wars : He obferves,
that laft Summer, (viz. in 1615) there were great Troubles in Japan, occafioned by the Wars betwixt the Em¬
peror and Fidaia Sama, who lolt the Battle ; and it was not known whether he was flain or fled. The Letter
lays, four hundred thoufand Men were flain on both Sides : But in the Margin, they are faid to be forty thou¬
fand: This is moft likely.
tain
1 fh Pi-
/!«.
V, of
l|rca,
Voyages 5/ Engl
tain, and two of his Brothers, who ftirred hearti¬
ly in the Matter, and made no Doubt cf bring¬
ing it to bear, for three Ships a Year to come
and go to a Place near Nan King a, which Port
was but three or four Days Sail, with a fair Wind,
from Firando ; of which he had written at large
both to the Company, and the Lord Treafurer.
Messieurs Cocks , Wickham , Eaton , Nealfon ,
and Sayer , had all been very Tick, but were reco¬
vered, except Eaten , who was troubled with the
Flux, and a Tertian Ague. 'Jacob Speck , who
was thought to be calf away, in his Voyage
from thence to the Molukkas , was returned Cap¬
tain of the Z elandia, a great Ship, and a little
Pinnace, called, The Jakkatra. He fhaped his
Courfe to the Eaftward of the Philippinas ; yet
by Currents and contrary Winds, could not fetch
the Molukkas , but was driven to the Weflward of
Selebes , and fo palled round about it, through the
Streights of Defalon , and fo back to the Molukkas ;
which was the Occafion that he had been fo long
miffing.
The Chinefe complained much of th<? Holland¬
ers robbing and pilfering their Junks, having
feized and rifled feven, (as they faid.) The Em¬
peror of Japan had taken fome Diftafte againft
them ; for he refufed a Prefent they lately fent
him, and would not fpeak to thofe who brought
it : He had done the like by another Prefent from
tire Portuguese , who came in the great Ship from
Makau b that Year, to Nangafaki.
Captain Saris had imagined, that Trade
for the future, might be carried on, without mak¬
ing any farther Prefent to the Emperor, than
what had been made by himfelf at firlt: But Mr.
Cocks found, that a new Prefent was expe&ed by
him from every Ship, as a Cuftom, and that they
could not fet out a Junk without his yearly Li¬
cence ; nor durft a Japanefe Mariner go in fuch an
unlicenfed Veflel, under Pain of Death : None but
their own Ships {torn England, having the Privilege
to go in and out, exempted from that Obligaion.
Mr. COC KS had endeavoured, but had not
been able by any Means, to pufh a Trade from
Fujhma into Korea ; neither had the People of
Fujhma , any more Liberty than barely to enter
into one little Town (or Fortrefs) ; and, on Pain
of Death, not to go without the Walls thereof,
to Landward ; and yet the King of Fujhma was
no Subjedf to the Emperor of Japan. The Eng-
lijl) could vend nothing but Pepper at Fujhma , and
of that no great Quantity: Their Weight was
much bigger than at Japan , but the Goods fold
at a better Rate.
The Author was informed, that up in the
i s h to the East Indies.
a Country of Korea , they had great Cities
519
- j - , , - e - - , and 1 614.
that the Land betwixt them and the Sea, was fo Co^ks.
full of Bogs, that no Man could travel on Horfe-
back, and fcarcely on Foot : That to remedy this,
t - - -j - - - - — - — - - — j
they had great Waggons or Carts, which went
Waggons.
- j - j— j- — — - 1 ’’ ” T —
upon broad, or flat Wheels, by Means of Sails,
like Ships j fo that obferving the Monfons , they
tranfported their Goods to and fro in thefe Sail¬
ing Waggons c : That Damafk, Sattins, Taffa-
tas, and other Silk Stuffs, were made there as
b good as in China: That Tiko Sama , (otherwife
called JJuabikon Dono ) the deceafed Emperor, in¬
tended to have conveyed a great Army of Sol¬
diers in thefe Sailing Waggons, to furprife the
Emperor of China in his great City of Pe-king:
But was prevented by a Korean Nobleman, who
poifoned himfelf, to poifon the Emperor, and
other great Men of Japan ; and that by this
Means, the Japanefe had loft their Footing in
Korea , which they had held about twenty- two
c Years.
It is a common Pra&ice in Japan , for W o- Infant Mur.
men to murder their Children : The Author gives der common-
an Inftance of this, in a Wench who was left
with Child by a Lad belonging to the Ship ; for
(he killed it as foon as it was born, although Mr.
Cocks gave her two Tais in Silver to bring it up.
In this Letter, he fent a Japan Almanack to Mr.
Saris.
Mr. COCKS d had written to Thomas JFiF Dutch
d fon , Efq; by Captain Sans , and gave him an ports-
Account of the ill Ufage which the Englijh had
received at the Molukkas , from the Hollanders ,
who, fince then, had reported there, that the two
Eajl India Companies of England and Holland ,
were likely to be united. T he Author obferves.,
that in cafe this was true, it would be an eafy
Matter to drive both Spaniards and Portuguese out
of thofe Eaftern Parts of the World ; utterly to
cut them off, or hinder them from all T. rading.
e On this Occafion he fays, that it was fcarce cre¬
dible how much th e Hollanders themfelves had al¬
ready daunted the Spirits of thofe two Nations,
efpecially in the Malukkas , where they daily en¬
croached upon the Spaniards, who far trom being
able to hinder their Progrefs, were much afraid,,
that in a fhort Time, they would alfo take the
Philippinas from them : That the Portuguese alfo
who traded from Ormus to Goa, and fo for Ma-
lakka, and Makau, in China , flood daily in Fear
f of being furprifed by them.
The Dutch make a conftant Pradlice of 10b- 7$wy gnat
bing the China Junks in thofe Parts, to fuch an Strength,
Amount as was fuffleient to fet out and maintain
a laro-e Fleet; and if the King of Japan fhould
» In Purchase Lanquin. b In Pnrchas, Amacau. c This is a Fiflicn of the JaPaJjfe' t0 ™-
pofe on the Credulous. Moft Nations are addided to this Way of diverting themfelves at tnc hxpence ototners ,
and the Asiatics are remarkable for the Fertility of their Invention. " Sec^nu Leaci o s. ; -S ^
jind h ~d
Ccnduti.
V o v a g e s of the English to the East Indies.
fall out with them, and forbid them trading into a tion : However Cocks ventured to make Anfwer, 1614.1
his Dominions, (a Thing not altogether unlikely)
then probably they would make Prize of the Ja¬
panefe Veffels alfo: For their Force at Sea in
thole Parts, was fufficient to do what they pleafed,
if they had but a ViClualling-place to retire to.
Of late they were grown very haughty, and
mocked at the Engiijh , who all the World knew
were their Mailers, and Teachers. They had
indeed gotten Pofleflion of divers Fortreffes in
that his Majefty would take fuch Order, as fhould Cock?,
effectually put a Stop to it. V-—
The Company had lately a Lofs in Kochin Rev(nged
China , where a 'Japan Junk was fent with ah* chinefe.
Cargo of Engiijh Goods and Money, to the Value
of feven hundred and thirty Pounds Sterling ,
prime Cold. Meffieurs Tempejl , Peacock , and
Caerwarden , went as Merchants, and carried the
King of England’s Letters ; with a handfome Pre-
and about the Malukkas \ yet to the Author’s b fent for the King, which they delivered on their
Knowledge, the People of thofe Parts had a greater
Liking to the Spaniards , although on account of
their intolerable Pride, they were at firft glad
of the Arrival of the Dutch. But now they find
the Want of the Ryals of Plate, which the Spa-
Arrival at Ejuinham, the Port where they were
bound. The Dutch feeing they were well re¬
ceived, and had great Promifes made them for
their Encouragement, would needs do the like,
and were -alfo well entertained at firft : But e’re
7 liards brought ; who, for all their haughty Airs, long, their chief Merchant and Mr. Peacock go-
were liberal, and could afford to be lb, fince they ing afhore in the fame Boat, to receive fome
had Plenty of Money : Whereas the Hollanders , Money of the King for Broad-cloth, and other
who ferved in thofe Parts as Soldiers, had nothing Goods fold him, were treacheroufly fet upon,
but their Pay to truft to, which was fo fcanty, c and their Boat over-turned by the Chinefe ; who
.1 • . f* n* 1 1.1 A/r i D nll.^n 1-. . 1 K J * u » m *- u n \ \ / »-« ^ ^ L I. . I n ***■% , *-% I ^ «
that it fcarce afforded them Meat for their Bellies,
and Cloaths to their Backs : Their Commanders
alledging, that all the Benefit accruing, either by
Reprifal or Conquelf, was for the States , and
Winthebbers % as they called them.
What would be the Iffue of thefe Proceed-
the Author could not pretend to judge :
mgs.
killed them in the Water with Harping-Irons,
like Fifties, not fparing their Interpreters, and
other Followers, who were Japanefe. Mr. Pea¬
cock was flain, becaufe he was in Company with
them ; Walter Caerwarden , being in the Junk,
efcaped, but had not been heard of fince.
The common Report both of the Chinefe and ^ Ka»-
However, he was flrongly of Opinion, that if Japanefe was, that the King of Kauchin China did
this Conduct of the Hollanders did not prevent this, to be revenged on the Dutch, for burning a
it, the Engiijh might obtain Liberty to trade in d Town of his, and putting his People to death,
China , efpecially as their Demand was only for without Mercy. The Grudge began with the
three Ships a Year ; and to leave Factors fuffi- Hollanders fending a great Number of falle Dol-
cient to do the Bufinefs, without bringing in any lars, or Ryals of Eight, to tjhdnham, fome Years
Jefuits, or Padres , as they term them, which before ; and there putting them off in Payment
for Silks, and other China Stuffs. But when it
was difcovered, the People laid Hands on the Dutch
Factors, and one of them was put to death in
Revenge : Whereupon, the Holland Ships coming
on that Coaft, landed their Men, and burned a
the Chinefe could not endure to hear of : Becaufe
heretofore they came fwarming into thofe Parts,
where they went about continually craving and
begging without Shame ; infomuch, that they
became a Proverb among thofe People, who
would fuffer it no longer. He had ftill the e Town, putting Man, Woman, and Child, to
greater Hopes of this Trade, from the good Cha¬
racter which the Engiijh had gotten in thofe
Parts fince their Arrival, which, he underftood, had
reached the Ears of the Emperor of China who
had been told, likewif’e, of the Privileges granted
them by the King of Firando , and that they had, at
all Times, held the Cajlilians , as they called the
Spaniards , to hard Meat, both by Sea and Land.
The Chinefe Merchants, from whom the Author
had this Account, told him alfo, that the Em¬
peror, and other great Men in China , delighted
to hear Reports of the Engiijh. Some of them
afked him, whether in cafe of a Grant to the
Engiijh to trade in that Empire, the King of
England would prevent the Hollanders from plun-
dejing their Junks ? 'Phis was a puzzling Quef-
the Sword ; which was faid to be theOccafion of
this late Misfortune.
SECT. II.
Dexterous Thieves. Sea-fight betwixt the Dutch
and Spaniards. Dutch Ship cajl away. Their
Villany. Friars attempt to jettle again in Japan.
Forced to return. Two Deferters from the Spa¬
niards. Dutch Infolence : Rob the Englilb:
Call them their Slaves : Set a Price on their
Heads. An impudent Boajier ridiculed. Con¬
verts of the "fejuits and Friars put to death.
Arbitrary Power of the Emperor. The Kings
dijgujled with him. All Signs of Churches de¬
faced. Two Comets . Spanilh Stupidity .
* Or, Binv'nthelbers,
IN
'6i7'
I
Voyages of the
N 1617, Mr. Cocks9' had been again
Engli
before
but could not get
s h to the East Indies.
521
ocks. X the Emperor of Japan , b-
the Englijh Privileges enlarged, obtaining Licenfe
| to trade no where except at Firando and Nanga-
( • faki ; nor were their Shipping to put into any
Port but the firft.
[tc-rnt The Year before, Mr. Edward Sayer went
ci*H. for Kochin China with a Cargo of about one
thoufand eight hundred Tays, Goods and Money :
But juft when he was ready to come away, he
was couzened of fix hundred and fifty Tays by a b
ChineJ'e and others, of whom he had bought Silk
for the Company. He had weighed out the Money
ready againft the Silk came, and waited with
another in the fame Room to receive it : But the
Jeft is, they were robbed of this Money, as it
were, before their Faces ; for, it feems, thofe
crafty Knaves made a Hole through the Cane
Wall, and carried it clean off, without thofe on
the Watch being aware of it. However, Sayer
was in Hopes to recover the Damage that Year, c
having left a Man to profecute the Suit ; and was
to return himfelf that Monfon in a Chinefe Junk,
(in which Mr. Adams went Pilot) with a Cargo
of two thoufand Tays in Plate to lay out in Silk.
The Sea- Adventure Junk had the fame Year
made another Voyage to Siam , Mr. Eaton going
Merchant, who alfo went thither again in her
this Year.
I-. Fight, The Hollanders fent a Fleet of Ships the Year
before from the Molukkas to the Manillas , to at- i
tack the Spanijh Fleet: Which keeping-in for five
or fix Months, the Dutch concluded they durft not
come out at all, and therefore feparated to look¬
out for China Junks ; whereof they took and
rifled twenty- five according to fome, to others
thirty-five (one was a very rich Prize) and all
this done under the Name of Englifnmen : But at
laft, the Spaniards putting to Sea, fell upon five
or fix of their Ships, burnt and funk the Admiral,
and two others. Now the Victory was their own, e
and all had been well, if they had kept together :
But feparating in their Turn, to feek out the
Dutch , their Vice-Admiral fell in with two frefn
Ships of that Nation in the Morning, whom {he
fought all Day, and at laft run herfelf aground ;
where her own Men fet her on Fire, becaufe the
Hollanders fhould not take them.
These twoShips, and one of thofe that were
in the firft Engagement, came afterwards to Fi¬
rando, with two other great Hollanders from Ban- f
taw , in Purfuit of the Makau Ship, which they
narrowly mifl'ed : So that five great Dutch Ships,
the leaft of them as big as the Clove , came into 1 6 i 3 .
Japan this Year : One of which, called the Red Cocks.
Lion , (the fame that had rode by the Englijh at the c-— J
Molukkas) was caft away at Firando in a Storm,
with a Chinefe Junk they brought in for a Prize ;
but all the Merchandize was faved, though
damaged. The Emperor fuffercd them to make
lawfuT Prize of all. They fent away the Black
Lion (a Ship of nine hundred Tons, laden with
raw Silk, and other rich Chinefe Stuffs) for Ban¬
tam another, called the Flujhing , of feven or
eight hundred Tons, went to the Molukkas , laden
with Provifion and Money ; and the Sun , a Ship
of fix or feven hundred Tons, with the Gallias
of above four hundred Tons, were left to fcour
the Coaft of China , to take what Booty they
could there, and return the next Monfon.
The Gallias was then gone out ; but the Sun Their vu-
waited for the Makau Ship from Nangafaki. She^*
ventured-out once ; but coming in Sight of the
Gallias , (the Wind ferving her) returned into
Port : So that the Author judged, fhe would
hardly go-out again that Year. He obferves far¬
ther, that the Dutch had robbed all the Chinefe ,
under the Name of Englijhmen , which had hurt
them greatly, in regard to their fettling a Trade
to China ; and that they had been obliged to fend
thither on purpofe to acquaint the Governor, that
they were Hollanders , and not Englijhmen , who
committed thefe Outrages.
There came two Friars b in a Ship, as Am- Friats vas*
bafladors from the Vice-Roy of New Spain , with Attempt,
a Prefent for the Emperor : But he would nei¬
ther receive the Prefent, nor fpeak to them who
brought it ; fending Mr. Adams to tell them, they
muff forthwith depart out of his Dominions, for
that he had banifhed all of their Coat, and remain¬
ed ft ill in the fame Mind. It was reported, that
Fidaia Sama had promifed the Jefuits Entrance
again, in cafe he had obtained the Viftory, and
: been fettled in the Empire : So that it is better
he did not fucceed, for if he had, without Doubt
both Dutch and Englijh had been excluded from
trading to Japan.
The Year before, when the latter fent their Spaniih Dr*
Junk, they hired a Spaniard, called Damian Ma-Lrte*1'
i rh Shift
■f away.
rina c, being a good Helmfman ; and another
Spaniard , called Juan de Lievana , went with
them as a Paflenger : But the Junk lofing her
Voyage, they returned to Nangafaki, where foon
after arrived the Carak from Makau ; which,
getting Information of thefe two Men, her Peo¬
ple laid Hands on them, and put them in Chains
9 The third Letter begins.
b The fourth Letter.
In the Letter, thefe Words follow : And
was the Jame JMran who thought once to go along with you, in Company of George Peterlon. W hence we conclude
this Letter was written to Saris, and that the Junk fo fent out was that mentioned in the former Letter, at
ready to go with Sayer to China : So that this Letter muff have been written in 16 1 8, or 1618-19.
\loh. I. N° 25. Xxx aboard
$ 22 Voyages of the Engl
1619. aboard the great Ship, condemning them to death
Ocks. as Traitors to their Prince and Country, in
— v — ferving the Englijh their Enemies: But this coming
to the Author’s Knowledge, he got a Power from
the Emperor, and had them fet at Liberty, to
the no fmall Mortification both of Spaniards and
Portuguese ; and afterwards they went Pafiengers
in the Hofiander for Bantam , &c. 1 he Factory
had a great deal of Uneafmefs in Japan , in port¬
ing their Goods from Place to Place for Safety,
on Account of the W ars.
Mr. ADAMS went again this Year in the
Junk for Siam, accompanied only with Mr. Sayer.
D*tch hp- In a former Letter a to Sir Thomas JVilfon, Mr.
W. cocps gjven him an Account of the injurious
Proceedings of the Dutch againft the Englijh in
all thofe Parts of the World ; not fparing them
even in Japan , notwithstanding the large Privi¬
leges which the Emperor had given them : But
the Dutch that Year [1619] having feven Ships,
great and fmall, in the Port of Firando , one Adam
IVeJlerwood their Admiral, and Lord Commander,
(as they called him) had, with Sound of Trum¬
pets, openly proclaimed War aboard their Fleet
againft the Englijh , both by Sea and Land j with
a Refolution to take or feize their Ships and
Goods, killing and treating them as their mortal
Enemies. After this, they came to brave them
before their own Doors, and picking Quarrels,
entered the Houfe with a Defign to murder them ;
which, had not the Japanefe come to their Af-
fiftance, they no Doubt had effe£ted, there being
an hundred Dutch to one Englijhman.
Seim tie Being difappointed of this, they feized their
Eoglifh. Boat, and finding but one Englijhman in her,
who was Son of Captain King of Plymouth , him
they fent Prifoner to their own Houfe ; fome
drunken Fellows all the while infolently threaten¬
ing to ftab him with Knives, which they held ready
in their Hands. After this, they bent a Piece of
Ordnance againft two other of their Barks, which
not taking Fire, they fhot at them with Mulkets ;
but miffing the Englijhmen , killed a Japanefe :
Yet for all this no Notice was taken by the King
of Firando , although he had the- Emperor’s ex-
prefs Command to call them to an Account for
it.
Two of thofe Ships, which they brought into
Firando that Year, were Ships they had taken
from the Englijh in the Indies , as they had done
two others riding in the Road of Patania ; where
' . the Englijf) had a Factory, and fufpedrted nothing
i s h to the East Indies.
a lefs. In this Broil they had killed Captain John i6k
Jordain b, the Company’s chief Prefident in the Cock!
Indies , with divers others, and carried the Ships v—
and Goods quite away ; only fix of the Mariners
efcaping to the Englijh Houfe. The Dutch had
the Impudence to demand them back of Mr.
Cocks: But he fent Word, he would firft fee by
what Commiffion they a£ted, that they durft take
the Englijh Shipping and Goods, and kill the
King’s faithful Subjects : Upon which they went
b to the Tono , or King of Firando , defiring to have
their Englijh Slaves c (as they pleafed to call them) c<*u tier,
delivered to them. But his anfwer was, that they'^'rS/fl
Ihould firft demand them of the Emperor, and
what he ordained, Ihould be fulfilled : Yet that
in the mean Time he held not the Englijh to be
their Slaves d. But the Author hoped, that King
James , on Application of Sir Thomas , and the reft
of the Company, would not fuffer his Subje&s
to be robbed and murdered by fuch an ungrate-
c ful and thievilh Rabble of Dutch , as were then
got together in thofe Parts of the Word, who
plundered all alike, and fpared neither Friends
nor Foes.
IVES'TERWOOD went fo far as to offer fifty Set a pr
Ryals of Eight to anyone who Ihould murder
Mr. Cocks , and thirty for killing every other
Englijhman ; in Confequence of which, two or
three were wounded, although not mortally.
This whole Proceeding was told the Author pri-
d vately by fome of their own People, who warned
him and the reft to take Care of themfelves.
They alfo informed him of the noble Parentage •
of their Lord Commander IVeJlerwood, whofe
Father was a Clofe-ftool Maker in Amjlerdam y
and the beft of their Captains were the Sons of
either Shoe-makers, Carpenters, or Brewers. Mr.
Cocks went the fame Year to Miako, to complain
to the Emperor of the Abufes offered the Englijh
within his Dominions, contrary to the Privileges
e his Majefty had granted them. He met with very
fine Words and fair Promifes, that Juftice Ihould
be done them, and the Tono , or King of Firando,
was commanded to fee them righted ; yet nothing
was done, although he had many Times earncftly
applied to the King.
While he was at Court, feveral Portuguese JmpuJnt
and Spaniards were there to pay their Duties to BoaP'nZ
the Emperor ; a Ceremony always obferved on
the Arrival of their Ships. There was a Hoi -
f lander in the Palace, (who had lived in Japan
almoft twenty Years, and fpoke the Language
a The fifth Letter begins here, dated the tenth of March, 1610: But as the former Letter, mentioned here,
is faid to have been written three Years before, and the Letter to that Gentleman, already inferted, was dated
the End of 1614, we thence judge, that this fifth Letter muft have been written in 1619, or 1620. b He
was reported to have been killed treacheroufly in the Time of Treaty. Purchas .. _ _c Pure has obferves*
on this Occafion, that the Englijh had redeemed them from Slavery. '' This Denial it was, which made
them attempt to cut all their Throats in their own Houfe, as above-mentioned.
well :)
Voyages of the Engli
5619. well:) This Fellow, in hearing of the Author and ;
Cocks, others, began to extol his King of Holland , re-
rv-— ' prefenting him as the greateft Monarch in Eu¬
rope, and one who held all the reft in Awe. But
Mr. Cocks, who underftood Japanefe, though the
other did not think fo, replied, that he ought not
to tell fo broad a Lie, for that they had no King
at all in Holland, but were governed by a Count,
or rather they governed him ; and that if they
had anv King at all to brag of, it was the King
of England, who hitherto had been their Pro¬
testor, otherwife they would never have had
States to boaft of. The Dutchman being thus
filenced, gave both Spaniards and Portuguese then
prefent Occafion to laugh at him.
mertifut The Emperor was a great Enemy to the
.{<atb. Name of Chrijlians, efpecially Japanefe ; fo that
all who were found, were put to death. The Au¬
thor faw fifty-five executed at Miako at one Time,
becaufe they would not renounce the Romijh
Faith 3 ; and amongft them Children of five or -
fix Years old, who were burnt in their Mother’s
Arms, calling on Jefus to receive their Souls :
That at Nangafaki five were burnt, and eleven
beheaded, after which their Bodies were cut in
Pieces, and caft into the Sea, tied up in Sacks,
in thirty Fathom Depth ; yet the Jefuits got them
up again, and kept them fecretly for Relicks.
There were many more in Prifon at Firando ,
and feveral other Places, who every Hour expect¬
ed Death, very few returning to Paganifm. 1
Before Chrijlmas laft, the Emperor had de¬
prived Frujhma Fay, one of the greateft Princes
of Japan , of fixty or feventy Mangokas, leaving
him only a fmall Corner in the North Parts of
Japan ; but he was under a Neceflity either to fub-
mit to this, or rip up his Belly. It was thought
much Mifchief would have enfued about it, for
all Frujhma Fay's SubjeSts were in Arms, and had
refolved to hold out to the uttermoft, having for¬
tified the City of Frujhma, and gotten Provifion
nprcr ar- for a long Time into it : But the Fay himfelf
ral' and his Son being in the Emperor’s Court, the
latter commanded them to write to their Vaftals
to lay down their Arms, and fubmit to his Plea-
fure, or elfe forthwith to cut their Bellies. Life
being fweet to them, all furrendered, and the
Emperor pardoned them: But gave the Fays, Do¬
minions (being two Kingdoms) to two of his
Kinfmen, and this Year pulled down his Caftle
at Frujlsma b, a very beautiful and ftately Build¬
ing ; which, in Mr. Cocks s Opinion, was far big¬
ger than the City of Rochejier. All the Stones
5 H to the E A S T I N D I E S. S21
were carried to Ofakkay \ for that old ruinated 1619.
Caftle, which Fiku Samma c built, and Ogojha Cocks.
Samma pulled down, was to be rebuilt, and that' - - —
three Times bigger than it was before. Upon this rhe j g
Occafion, all the Fonos , or Kings, had each his difgujhd.
Talk fet to do at his own Charge, which created
great Difcontent among them, efpecially as they
had Leave, after fo many Years, to return to
their Lands, and now on a fudden were fent for
again to Court. However they had no Choice, but
(Obedience, or Belly-cutting: Yet at that very
Inftant it was whifpered about, that Fidaia Sam¬
ma d, the Son of Fiku Samma , was living, and
in the Daire's e Houfe at Miako. Reports of the
like Nature had been fpread before, and the
Falfehood of them deteSled : Neverthelefs, there
were then in Firando feveral rich Merchants of
Miako, who held themfelves in Readinefs to re¬
turn thither, for fear the Emperor fhould burn
the City, in cafe that new Rumour fhould prove
: true. Doubtlefs was Fidaia alive, the Empe¬
ror would have but a bad Chance ; for although
he is a great Politician, he is not of a martial
Difpofition.
Notwithstanding the Deftru&ion made ah Signs if
of Churches, mentioned in the former Letter Cbunbeuie-
there were ftill fome left {landing in Nangafaki '
The Monaftery of Mifericordia likewife remain¬
ed untouched, as well as the Church-yards and
Burial Places ; but this Year they were all intire-
1 ly demolifhed by the Emperor’s Orders. The
very Graves and Tombs were opened, from
whence the dead Mens Bones were taken-out,
and carried by their Parents and Kindred to be
buried in the Fields. Nay, to root out, as it
were, the very Memory of Chrijlianity, Streets
were laid out, and Houfes built upon the Ground
where the Churches flood, or Pagods eredled in
their Stead, where heathen Priefts were fent to
dwell. There was a certain Place a little with-
e out the City of Nangafaki, where feveral Padres
and other Chrijlians having been put to death in
the Time of Ogojha Sama, their Parents and Friends
had planted green Trees, and fet up an Altar near
each, to which many hundreds repaired every
Day to pay their Devotion : But the Emperor
at this Time caufed the Trees to be cut down,
the Altars deftroyed, and the Ground made level
as it was before.
In November, and December, 1618, two Co- <7^ Com**
f mets were fcen over all Japan ; the firft rifing in
the Eaft, being like a great fiery Beam, went to
the Southwards, and within a Month vanifhed.
3 They were not put to Death merely for being of that, or any other Faith : But becaufe. it was found, that
their Religion taught Doftrines which tended to lubvert the Japanefe Government and Religion, as will appear
from the Relations of Kempfer, and others, inferted hereafter. b In this Place, Frujhamy. c In Pur¬
chase Ficus Samma. By Kempfer , Tayko. d Called by Kesnpfer , Fideyori . * Or Dairi , who is the
Ecclefiaftical Emperor of Japan.
X x x 2 The
524
1619.
Cocks.
Spanifti
Stupidity.
Voyage to
Siam.
Voyages of the Engli
The other alfo rofe due Eaft, like a great blazing a
Star ; and, proceeding Northwards, difappeared
within the fame Space of Time, about Charles-
I Vain, or Urja-Major. The Wizards reprefent-
ed them as the Forerunners of very ftrange Events :
But to that Time, nothing of Moment had hap¬
pened, except the Depofing of Frujhma Tay , as be¬
fore-mentioned.
The Portugueze and Spaniards reported, (and
fhewed the Author Letters to prove it) that a
bloody Crofs was feen in the Air in England , and 1
that a Proteftant Preacher fpeaking againft it in
the Pulpit, was ftruck dumb ; that this Miracle, as
they termed it, caufed the King to apply to the
Pope, to fend fome Cardinals, and learned Men,
into England , he being refolved, that all his Sub¬
jects fhould turn Roman Catholicks. Mr. Cocks
mentioned this Piece of Nonfenfe, to fhew the
Stupidity of fome People, and make Sir Thomas
laugh : But tells him, that, as ridiculous as the
Story was in itfelf, there were many Portugueze <
and Spaniards , who would not be perfuaded to the
contrary. He concludes by telling him, he pro-
pofed to return for England with the next Ship¬
ping.
The Suhjlance of Mr. Edmond Sayer** Letters .
There are two Letters from Mr. Edmond
Sayer , dated from Firando in Japan: The firft of
December fifth, 1615 ; the fecond, December fourth, (
1616. Neither of them is dire&ed to any body ;
yet the firft appears to have been written to Cap¬
tain Saris : For Sayer mentions a Letter received
from him, (delivered by Captain Copendal , of the
Hofiander ) which gave an Account of his Arrival
at the Cape of Good Hope , and the Lofs of fome
of his Men by Sicknefs. The other Particulars
of this Letter are to be found in two Notes added
to Mr. Cocks’ s firft Letter. The fecond Letter of
Mr. Sayer* s, was probably written alfo to Saris, e
It gives an Account of his being newly arrived,
after a troublefome Voyage, from Siam. He
went as FaCtor, in a Junk of the Company’s,
(the fame, doubtlefs, that is mentioned in the firft
Letter) and Mr. Adams as Mafter.
Having bought more Goods at Siam than
they could lade, they freighted another Junk, in
which Mr. Benjamin Fary , (Principal of the Fac¬
tory at Siam) thought it fit, that he fhould go to
take Care of the Goods a. The Year being far
fpent, they were, from the firft of June to the
feventeenth of September, between Siam and
Shachmar , diftrefied with foul Weather,, and a
bad Pilot : For the Chinefe they employed, was
s h to the East Indies.
quite ignorant of Navigation, not knowing where- 1 6 1 f
abouts he was, the Moment he was out of Sight Cocks'
of Land. At length, he falling fick, and not'—- v-
able to creep out of his Cabbin, Mr. Sayer was
forced, with the fmall Skill he had, to take that
Office upon him, and by good Fortune, brought
the Junk fafe to Shachmar ; where they arrived the
feventeenth of September. They loft twenty Men
through Sicknefs, and Want of Water, and had
but five able to (land on their Legs, when they
reached Japan. As he came fo late to Firando ,
he could not go this Year to Siam: But the Junk
went with Mr. TVilliam Eaton , accompanied by
Robert and John Burges , two Englijh Pilots.
The Emperor of Japan’* Letter to the King of
Holland b.
EMPEROR , and King of Japan, wijh to
the King of Holland, who hath fent from fuck
dijlant Countries to vifit me, greeting.
1 rejoice greatly at your writing, and fending to
me \ and wifn our Countries were nearer one another ,
that we might continue and increafe the Friendjhip
begun betwixt us : Yet I feem to have your AlajeJly
before my Eyes , through your Liberality ; whereby
you fo amply manifef your Affection to me, though
unknown , in honouring me with four Prefents ,
whereof though I have no Need , yet coming in your
Name , / received them with a particular Regard ,
and hold them in good Efeeem.
And farther, whereas the Hollanders, your Ma¬
jefy* s Subjects, defre to trade with their Shipping
in my Country , ftnall as it is, and of little Value ,
and to traffic with my Subjects ; and defre to. have
their Refidence near my Court , whereby , in Perfon,
I might help and afjif them : I ajfure your Majefty,
that though this cannot yet be abfolutely effected , ac¬
cording to tny LViJhes, by Reafon of our prefent Com¬
motions ; yet notwithfanding , I will not negleCt them,
but continue to be mindful of them , as hitherto I have
been ; and to give in Charge to all my Governors ,
and Subjects , that they Jhtw all Favour and Friend¬
jhip to their Perfons , Ships , and Merchandizes , in
whatever Places or Havens they Jhall arrive , through¬
out my Dominions. Herein, neither your Majefy ,
nor your Subjects, need doubt or fear any Contraven¬
tion ; but they may repair hither as freely , as if
they were your Majefys own Havens and Countries ;
and may likewife remain in my Territories to trade.
And be affured , that the Friendjhip begun betwixt
me and my Subjects , with you , Jhall never be impair¬
ed on my Behalf', but rather frengthened and in-
creafed.
I am partly ajhamed , that your Majefy ( whefe
a He takes no Notioe of his being choufed here by the Chinefe , mentioned in Cocks' s third Letter. b This
Letter was brought by the Skip called,, Che Red Lion , with. Arrows, which arrived in the- Texell, the tvventy-
fecond of July* 1.6 to..
Name
Voyages of the Engl
Name and Renown , on Account of your noble Ex¬
ploits, is fpread throughout the whole World) Jhould
condefcend to caufe your Subjects. to come fofar into
a Country fo unworthy as this is, to vifit me, and
to offer me fuch Friendjhips as I have not deferved:
But confi dering, that this proceeds from your Affec¬
tion, l could not but friendly entertain your Subjects,
and yield to their Requefls ; whereof this Jhall feiye
for a Tefiimony , that they , in all Places, Countries ,
and Ifands, under my Subjection, may iiajfc, and
build Houfes , ft and ufeful for their Commerce and
Merchandizes ; where they may trade without any
ish to the East Indies. 525
a Hinder ance, at their Pie a ) lire, as well in Time to I 619.
come, as for the prefent ; fo that no Alan can do Adams.
them any Injury ; and in this I will fupport and de-
fend them as mine own Subjects.
I promife likewife, that the Perfons, who, I under-
fand, are to be left here, fall now, and ever after,
be held as recommended to me, nor fall ever want
my Favour and Protection \ whereby your Majeffy
Jhall find us as your Friends and Neighbours.
For other Matters, which pajfed betwixt me and
b your Majefiys Servants, and ivould be too tedious
here to inj'ert , I refer myfelf to them.
CHAP. XX.
fffJC Voyage of William Adams Pilot, to Japan, with his Adventures and Pro -
motion there.
Written by himfelf.
introduction.
THIS Voyage having been performed by
the South -Weft Courfe, we had once
Thoughts of referring it to that Divifion of our
Work°: But the Author being frequently men¬
tioned in the Journals of Mr. Saris and Cocks,
to whom he was ferviceable in Japan, we judged
it better to infert it here. The Account we have
of this Voyage, is given in two Letters a ; one
directed to any one of his Acquaintance in gene¬
ral ; the other to his Wife. Mr. Adams, (as we
are informed in the firft of thefe) was born in
Wife and two Children, whom he had left at
London', and could not endure to be fo long with¬
out the Sight of any of his Countrymen. At
length hearing, that fome Englifij Merchants were
in the Bland of Java, he wrote a Letter, dated
the twenty- fecond of October , 1611, and lent it
at a Venture, fuperfcribed in this Manner : To my
unknown Friends and Countrymen, defiring this Let¬
ter, by your good Means, or the News, or Copy of
this Letter , may come to the Hands of one, or many,
of my Acquaintance in Limehoufe, or elf where, or
• i7- - This Let-
£ “of ***,*"*& d
Miles from Rochefier, one Mile from Chatham,
where the King’s Ships lay: From the Age of
twelve Years, he was brought up in Ltmehouje,
near London, where he wasAppi entice twelve Y ears,
to one Mr. Nicholas Digines : He afterwards ferved
in Place of Mafter and Pilot, aboard the Queen s
Ships; and about eleven or twelve Years was
employed by the Company of the Barbary Mer¬
chants, till the Dutch began to trade into India:
ter is followed by Part of another to his Wife b,
which relating feveral Things touching the Voy¬
age, not in the firft, we have joined the two Ac¬
counts together. .
On e of Mr. Adams’ s Views by Writing was,
doubtlefs, to excite the Englif to repair to Japan :
And, it feems, they had their Eye upon a Trade
thither at the fame Time ; Captain Saris having
fet out upon his Voyage to that Iiland, fix Months
chants, till the Dutch began to trace in o Date 'f Mr. Adam>, Letter. The
When, being defirous to d W4 continued from that Time, to fend Ships
the Courfe of failing thither, in 1598, he was
hired for chief Pilot of a Fleet, bound for the
South Sea. From thence, through Neceflity, they
failed for Japan, where Mr. Adams foon came
into great Favour with the Emperor, who bellow¬
ed on him a Penfion, and afterwards an Lltate,
fit for a Nobleman to live upon, but he was
ftill uneafy to be at home, on account of his
, b This Letter gives a fomewhat more particular Ac-
a Inferred in Purchas Pilgrims, Vol. 1 . P- j- firft j ifonment at Ofaka. The reft, Purchas tells us,
count of the Voyage, and goes as far a • e This WJiam Adams, (fays Purchas) lately died at Firando,
which returned whence in .6»
Englif continued from that Time, to fend Ships
to Japan ; and, Mr. Adams made feveral Voyages
from thence to the neighbouring Countries, in
Quality of Mafter, or of Pilot, but ftill returned
to the Bland ; where he remained, without ever
coming back to England , till 1620, or 1621^
when he died at Firando c.
526
i598'
Aoams.
Voyages of the English to the East Indies.
SECT. I.
fleet fed cut.
The Fleet fets out. IJle of Annobon. Streights of
Magallan. South- Sea Currents. Coa/lofChxW.
The Captain and twenty-three Men fain. The
General fain alfo. Sail for Japan. Arrive at
Bungo. Are vifted by a JeJuit , and other Por-
tugueze from Nangafaki,
TH E Fleet, confifting of five Sail, was fit¬
ted out by Peter Fanderhag , and Hans
Vander Fike, Chief of the India Company in Hol¬
land. The General of this Fleet was a Merchant,
called Jaques Mayhay ; in which Ship being Ad¬
miral, Mr. Adams went Pilot. They fet Sail from
the Texel , in Holland , the four and twentieth of
June , 1598. The fifth of July , they left the Coaft
of England ; and, the twenty-firft of Auguf , came
to Sant Jago , one of the Ifles of Cape Verde,
where they ftaid twenty-four Days: In which
Time, many of the Men fell fick, through the c
Unwholefomenefs cf the Air ; and, among the
reft, the General. The Reafon they continued
fo long at thefe Iflands was, that one of the Cap¬
tains made the General believe, they fhould find
Plenty of Goats there, and other Refreftiments, in
which they were difappointed.
Here Mr. Adams, and the other Pilots of the
Fleet, being called to Council, gave their Opi¬
nions in Difapprobation of the Place ; which all
the Captains took fo ill, that afterward it was d
agreed, that the Pilots fhould be no more in the
Council. The fifteenth of September , they de¬
parted from the Ifle of Sant Jago , and paffed the
Line. And in the Latitude of three Degrees
South, the General died, and many of the Men
were fick. Here alfo they met with contrary
Winds, and Rain, they were forced upon the
Coaft of Guinea , falling upon an Head-land, called
Cabo de Spirits Sanfto. This was owing to the
Seafon of the Year being too far fpent before they e
fet-out. The new General commanded to bear
up with Cape de Lope Gonfalves , on the Coaft of
Guinea a, there to feek Refrefhment. Here they
landed all their fick Men, where many of them
died, and few mended; the Place being unhealthy,
and affording very little Vi&uals. The nine and
twentieth of December , they fet Sail, determining
to pafs the Streights of Magallan ; and in their
Way, fell-in with an Ifland called, Illha de Nobon,
Ifeof An- {ox Annobon) where they landed all their fick Men, f
nobon. taking the Ifland in by Force. Their Town con¬
tained fome eighteen Houfes. In this Ifland they
refrefhed themfelves, having Oxen, Oranges, and
divers other Fruits : But the Air was fo unwhole¬
some, that as one grew well, another fell fick. 1599
Having lingred at Cape Gonfalves , and Annobon , Adams,
till about the twelfth of November , they fet Sail ''“•■V*"
from the latter : At which Time, the General
ordered, that each Man’s Allowance fhould be
reduced to a Pound of Bread for four Days, with
the like Proportion of Wine and Water. This
Scarcity of Vidtuals made the Company very
feeble, and brought on great Sicknefs ; fo that for
Hunger, they eat the very Calves Skins, where¬
with the Ropes were covered. The Winds con¬
tinued at South by Eaft, and South South-Eaft,
till they got into four Degrees South ; at which
Time, they veered to the South-Eaft, Eaft South-
Eaft, and Eaft ; fo that they were five Months
between the Ifland of Annobon , and the Streights
of Magellan. One of their Ships alfo fpent her
Main-maft, by which they were not a little hin¬
dered ; for they had much ado to fet a new one
at Sea. At length, the twenty-ninth of March ,
they faw Land in the Latitude of fifty Degrees.
The third of April, 1599, they fell with the Stnighti 5
Port Saint', and, the fixth, entered the Streights Ma£illan*
of Magallan , and came to the firft Narrow ; and
the eighth, they paffed the fecond Narrow, with
a good Wind. Here they came to an Anchor ;
and landing on Penguin Ifland, laded their Boat
full of Penguins , (which are Fowls larger than
Ducks) wherewith they were greatly refrefhed.
The tenth, they weighed Anchor, having a brifk
Gale, proper for carrying them through the
Streights: But the General would water, and
take in Provifion of Woods for all the Fleet ; of
which there was Plenty every where, as well as
good Anchorage every three or four Leagues.
He likewife ftaid to fet up a Pinnace of fifteen or
fixteen Tons. It was already Winter in thofe
Parts, and there fell much Snow ; fo that the
Sailors, between Cold and Hunger, grew very
weak. The Wind was atNorth-Eaft, five or fix
Days, in which Time they might have paffed
through the Streights : But through the above-
mentioned Delays, lofing the Opportunity, when
they would have paffed them, they could not :
For in the mean Time, the Wind changing,
came Southerly ; and April being over, there fell
a prodigious Quantity of Rain and Snow, after
which, they had Froft, and high Winds: So that
not being able to proceed in their Voyage, they <rt>y mititu
were forced to look for a good Harbour to winter tbere,
in; which they found on the North Side, four
Leagues off Elizabeth Bay. The Winter here, is
during the Months of April , May , June, July ,
and Auguf , being in fifty-two Degrees thirty
Minutes South. Even during this Time, the
a This Cape is on the Coaft of Loango : So that by Guinea, (or Gynny, as the Author writes it) is to be urn
fierftood lower Guinea, which includes Congo.
Wind
Voyages of the Englis
$gg. Wind often proved fair to pafs the Streights, but a
idams. the General would not. They continued here till
ti-V^^the twenty-fourth of September a, in which Time,
moft of their Provifion being fpent, many of the
Men died through Hunger.
hr the Having palled the Streights into the South -
! ih-Sea. they met with feveral ftrong Currents, which
drove them into fifty-four Degrees South, being
then very cold. At length, the Winds and Wea¬
ther proving favourable, they purfued their Voy¬
age towards the Coaft of Peru: But fix or feven b
Days after, a greater Storm than they had before,
arifing, the whole Fleet was fcattered. The
Storm continuing long, they were driven into the
Latitude of fifty-four Degrees and an half South.
The Weather breaking up, and having good
Wind again, the ninth of October, they law the
Admiral : But eight or ten Days after, in the
Night, having very much Wind, their Forefail
was blown away, and they loft her Company
again. Then Mr. Adams bearing up for the Coaft c
of Chilly in forty-fix Degrees, which was the
Place appointed for Rendezvous, in cafe of Ac¬
cidents, he brought the Ship there the twenty-
ninth of October.
\,jl 0f Here the Men refrefhed themfelves, the Peo-
j.ili, pie of the Country being good-natured: But for
Fear of the Spaniards , would not deal with them
at the firft ; and, after exchanging fome Sheep,
and Potatoes, for Bells and Knives, which they
feemed mightily pleafed with, in the End, went up d
from their Houfes into the Country, and came no
more to them. Here they fet up a Pinnace, which
they had brought in four Parts : After which, hav¬
ing ftaid twenty-eight Days, according to Appoint¬
ment, they departed ; and came to the Mouth of
(the Bay of) Baldivia : But as it blew hard, they
turned off for the Illand of Mocha , in thirty-
eight Degrees South, where they arrived next
Day, being the firft of November. Not finding
any of their Ships here, they fleered for the Illand e
of Santa Maria ; and next Day came up with
the Cape, a League and half to the South of the
Illand ; where, feeing many People, they doubled
it, and came to an Anchor in fifteen Fathom, in
a fair fandy Bay.
Lairard Here they fent out their Boats, to fpeak with
tri jlain , People, but they would not fuffer them to land,
fhooting Arrow’s very faft at the Men. Never-
thelefs, expediting to meet with Victuals, there
being none left in the Ship, they forcibly landed
feven and twenty, or thirty Men, and drove the
wild People from the Water Side: But moft of
the Crew were hurt with their Arrows. However,
being on Land, they made Signs of Friendlhip,
and that their Defire was to have Victuals for
* It is of Augujl, according to the fecond Letter,
twenty-feven Men, were flain at Mocha,
h to the East Indies. 527
Iron, Silver, and Cloth, which they fhewed the 1599.
Natives; who underftanding the Signs, gave them Adams.
Wine, with Batatas , and other Fruits. Then — '"’v-1
they bid the Men, by Signs, to return aboard,,
and come again next Day, promifing to bring
them Victuals. It being late, theyreturned aboard ;
and though moft of them w'ere hurt, yet they
were very glad that they had talked to the inha¬
bitants, in Hopes of getting fome Refrefhments.
Next Day, being the ninth of November ,
1599, the Captain, with all the Officers, and the
greateft Force they could make-up, went into the
Boats. They had agreed to go to the Water Side,
but not to land more than two or three Men, the
People being numerous, and untried. The Boats
coming near the Shore, the Natives made Signs
for them to land ; which the Captain refufed :
But as two or three of them came to the Boat in
a friendly Manner, with a kind of Wine, and
Roots, inviting them to land ; and letting them
know, that there were Sheep and Oxen to be
had : The Captain, tempted with Hopes of get¬
ting Provifions, which was then more valuable to
them than Gold, broke the Refolution that had
been taken, and landed with three and twenty
Men armed with Mufkets. Thefe marched up
towards four or five Houfes, that were in Sight ;
and when they were about a Mufket-Shot from
the Boats, more than a thoufand Indians , fudden-
ly breaking out of Ambufh, fell upon them, with
fuch Weapons as they had, and killed them every
Man : Among whom was Thomas Adams , the
Author’s Brother. Thofe in the Boats, after a
long Stay, finding none of them come back, re¬
turned to the Ship with this forrowful News ;
which was the more affli&ing, as there were fcarce
fo many Men left, as could wind up the Anchor.
Next Day they weighed, and went over to ‘ThtGentral
Santa Maria , in thirty-feven Degrees twelve^'*-
Minutes South ; where they found their Admiral ,
which had been there four Days, having left the
Illand of Mocha the Day before them. The Ge¬
neral b, Matter, and all his Officers, had been
wounded on Land : So that the two Ships be¬
wailed each others Misfortune. Neverthelefs, it
was fome Comfort that they were met again. He
then confulted what Courfe was to be taken to
procure Vidtuals, having no Men to land by
Force, and get fome, for moft of them were lick.
At length there came a Spaniard , who obtained
Leave to fee the Ship : Next Day he came again,
and was fuffered to depart quietly. The third
Day, two Spaniards came aboard without Pledges,
to fee if they could betray the English , who flop¬
ped them when they would have gone afhore
again ; giving them to underftand, that they
b In the fecond Letter, it it faid, the General, and
came
528 Voyages of the Engl
X 600. came without Leave : But that as the Company
Adams, were in extream Want of Victuals, they (hould
be fet at Liberty, provided they would furnifh
them with fo many Sheep, and Beeves, as they
demanded. Much againft their Wills, they com¬
plied with thefe Terms, which within the Time
appointed, they performed. By this feafonable
Supply, Things were fet to rights again ; the Men
being, for the moft Part, recovered of their Sick-
nefs. One Hudccpee , a young Man, who knew no¬
thing, but had ferved the Admiral, was made Ge¬
neral, and Jacob ^uaternak , (Mafter of the Ship
in which Mr. Adams went) Vice-Admiral. After
this it was concluded to take every Thingout of one
of the Ships, and then fet her on Fire, not hav¬
ing Hands enough to man both : But this was not
put in Execution, becaufe the new Captains could
not agree which of the Ships (hould be burned.
Then Mr. Adams , and the other Pilot, Timothy
Shotten , an Englifhman , (who had been with Mr.
Candijh in his Voyage round the World) were
called to Council, to advife what was beft to be
done, to make their Voyage. Befides, the Spa¬
niards being apprifed of their being on theCoaft,
and weak of Men, had fent-out fome of the
King’s Ships in Quell: of them j fo that they could
not (lay longer in thofe Parts ; and one of their
Ships, as they afterwards underftood, was forced
to yield to the Enemy in St. Jago. At lad, as
they had much Cloth aboard, and underdood by
one Derrick Gerritfon , who had been in Japan
with the Portuguese , that it was in great Efteem
in that Illand, they refolved to go thither, rather
than to the Molukkas , or other Parts of the Eaji
Indies , where, being hot Countries, Woollen could
not be very acceptable.
Sail for Ja- jrOR thefe Reafons, on the the twenty-feventh
?iaDs of November , they departed from the Kland of
Santta Maria , where they had refrefhed them-
felves more by Policy than Force, and (haping
their Courfe dire&ly for Japan , pafled the Line
with a fair Wind, which continued good for di¬
vers Months. In their Way, they fell with cer¬
tain Blands in fixteen Degrees of North Latitude,
the Inhabitants whereof, were Men-eaters. Com¬
ing near them, eight of their Men being in a
great Pinnace, which they had with them, ran
away with it ; and (as they fuppofed) were eaten
by the wild Men ; of whom, one was taken, and
carried aboard the General’s Ship. In twenty-
feven, and twenty-eight Degrees of Latitude,
they met with very variable Winds and Itormy
Weather ; fo that the twenty-fourth of February ,
1600, they lod Sight of the Admiral, which
they faw no more. Thus, the Temped being
allayed, they proceeded alone. The four and
i s h to the East Indies,
a twentieth of March , they faw an Bland, called, 1600
Una Colonna ; at which Time, many of the Men Adams,
were fick again, and feveral dead. Their Mifery -*v-»
now was exceeding great, having no more but
nine or ten Men able to go or creep upon their
Knees: The Captain, and all the red, looking
every Hour to die. In the Height of thirty De¬
grees, they fought the North Cape of the Bland, but
in vain, fince it lies in thirty-five Degrees thirty
Minutes, and confequently is laid down falfely in
b all Charts, Globes, and Maps.
At length, on the nineteenth o( Aprilf com- Arrive at
ing into thirty-two Degrees and a half, they had Bungo,
Sight of the Illand ; having been four Months
and twenty-two Days in their Way between the
Cape of Santa Maria and Japan. When they
arrived on that Coad, there were no more than
fix, befides Mr. Adams , who could dand on their
Legs. They let fall their Anchor about a League
from a Place, called Bungo. At which Time,
c many Boats came aboard them, they not being
able to refid them. The People did not offer to
hurt them ; but dole all Things that they could
deal ; for which fome paid dear afterward. Next
Day, the King of that Place fent Soldiers aboard,
to fee that none of the Merchants Goods were
dolen. Two or three Days after, the Ship was
brought into a good Harbour, there to re¬
main till the principal King (or Emperor) of the
whole Bland was informed of their Coming, and
d had given Orders what to do with them. Mean
Time, they obtained Leave of the King, for the
Captain, and fick Men, to land ; they had alfo
an Houfe appointed for accommodating the Men,
who had Refrefhments given them. Of twenty-
four in Number, fick and whole, who arrived at
Bungo , three died the next Day, and three more
afterwards ; the reft recovered.
When they had been there five or fix Days,;/^/^
a Jefuit, with other Portuguefe from Nangafaki
e came to them. This Prieft, and the Japanefe
they had on board b, (who were Converts alfo)
were their Interpreters ; which Mr. Adams ob-
ferves, happened very unlucky for the EngliJ). ?,
they giving out afterwards, that they were not
Merchants but Pirates : Which gave the Gover¬
nors and common People, a very bad Impreflion
of them ; infomucb, that they expelled every
Hour to be crucified : Which is the common Pu-
nifhment in Japan , for robbing, and certain
f other Crimes.
SECT. II.
Mr. Adams fent for to Court. Examined by the
Emperor. Malice of the Jefuits and Portugueze.
a In Purchaj , Langafacke. This feems to have been the corrupt Name then ufed by the Portuguefe . b Per¬
haps, thpfe fent to guard the Merchandize.
He
Voyages of the £ngli
*00. He is releafed. The Emperor's Goodnefs to the a
lams. Englifh. 'The Sailors mutiny. Mr. Adams in
great Favour. Not fujfered to return ; but gets
Leave for the Captain. Builds a Ship , which
fails to Acapulco. The Dutch arrive in Japan.
Japan defcribed.
TO add to this Misfortune, two of their
Men entered into the King’s Service, and
joined with the Portugueze , who promifed their
Lives fhould be fecure: One of them called Gil- 1
bert de Conning , of Micldleborough , gave himfelf
out to be Merchant of all the Goods in the Ship:
The other was John Abelfon Van Owater. Thefe
Traitors, fought by all Manner of Ways, to get
the Goods into their Hands ; and difeovered to
the Portugueze every Thing that had palled in the
Voyage.
j, Adams Nine Days after their Arrival, the Emperor
d'ortt fent five Galleys, or Frigats, to bring Mr. Adams
Cc- to his Court at Ozaka ; whither he went, with a
Man he took to wait on him. When he came
before the Emperor, his Majefty made feveral
Signs to him; fome of which he underftood, lome
he did not : At length there came one who could
fpeak Portugueze , and ferved for an Interpreter.
By him, the Emperor afked Mr. Adams , a great
manyQueftions concerning his Country, his Re¬
ligion, and the prefent State of the Kingdoms of
Europe , and particularly his own, and if it was
engaged in any W^ars? Mr . A darns anfwered,
that his Nation was then in War with the Spa¬
niards , and Portugueze , but in Peace with all
others. The Emperor then afked, which Way
he came to Japan ? Adams , having a Chart of
the World about him, took it out, and {hewed
his Majefty the Ship’s Courfe through the Streights
of Magallan ; at which, he feemed furprifed,
imagining Adams impofed on him. Then the Em¬
peror, proceeding from one Queftion to another,
it was Midnight before he had done. He en¬
quired among other Things, what Merchandize
was in the Ship ? Mr. Adams gave him an exa£l
Account of all ; and, when his Majefty was go¬
ing to retire, entreated that his Countrymen
might be allowed to trade, as the Portugueze and
Spaniards were. The Emperor made him an
Anfwer, but what it was he did not under-
ftand. He was then ordered to be carried to
Prifon, and the Sailor along with him, where
they were ufed very well.
Ivmnedty Two Days after, the Emperor fent for the
< £m/*rt>r. Author again, and demanding theReafon of their
coming from fo remote a Diftance ? He anfwer¬
ed, that they came purfuant to the general Dif-
pofition of their Nation ; which was to cultivate
Friendfhip and Commerce, with all other Coun¬
tries, by exchanging their own Commodities for
Vol. I. N°XXVI.
sh to the E ast Indies. 529
theirs, whereby mutual Riches and Advantages 1600.
were obtained. The Emperor was very inquifi- Adams.
tive about the Wars, between the Englijh , and
the Spaniards, and Portugueze, as well as to know
the Grounds of the Differences. Mr. Adams gave
him a particular Account of all ; to which he
was very attentive, and feemed well pleafed.
After this, he was commanded to Prifon again ;
but was carried to a better Lodging in another
Place. He continued nine and thirty Days in
this Confinement, without hearing one Word
from the Ship, or what was become of it ; and
expected every Hour to be crucified: Which is the
common Sort of Execution in Japan, as hang¬
ing in England.
During Mr. Adams's Imprifonment, the Je-K.'Y*- ^
fuits, and Portugueze, endeavoured to incenfe the'ie
Emperor againft the Englijh : Alledging, that
they were a Company of Thieves and Robbers,
gathered out of all Nations; and, that if they
were fuffered to live, it would turn greatly to the
Detriment of his Majefty, and the Country : For
that then every Nation would come there pu rpofely
to rob and plunder: But that in cafe Juftice was
executed on them, it would deter the Englijh from
coming there any more. In this Manner they
urged the Emperor daily to cut them off, making
all the Friends they could at Court, to fecond
their wicked Defign. But their bloody Malice
did not take effect : For, at length, his Majefty
1 gave them this Anfwer : That, as yet, thefe
Strangers had done no Damage to him, or his
Subjects ; and that therefore, it was againft both
Reafon and Juftice, to put them to death: In
(hort, that if the Englijh were at War with their
Nations, it could be no Caufe why he fhould take
away their Lives. This Anfwer quite confound¬
ed, and filenced their Enemies, for the future.
Mean Time, the Ship having been brought UthrtUaJtie
as near Ozaka as could be, Mr. Adains , the one
e and fortieth Day of his Imprifonment, was call¬
ed again before the Emperor ; who, after many
Queftions more, afked him, whether he was de-
firous to go to the Ship to fee his Countrymen ?
Mr. Adams anfwered, he fhould be very glad of
the Opportunity. Whereupon hisMajefty bidding
him go, he was freed from Imprifonment • And
with a rejoicing Heart, taking a Boat, went a-
board, where he found the Captain, and the reft,
recovered of their Sicknefs. Both Parties, at
f their Meeting, fhed Tears for Joy ; they having
been informed, that he had been executed long
before.
Every Thing belonging to the Ship and Com-^^,
pany, had been taken out of her, even to Mr. ror’s Gxd-
Adams's nautical Inftruments; nor had he, or"5/1*
they, any Thing left, befides the deaths on their
Backs : Bui as this had been done without the
f y y Emperor’s
5^o Voyages of the Engl'
1603. Emperor’s Knowledge, he immediately gave Or- ;
Adams, der, that they fhould be redored again ; and as it
was found impra&icable, the Goods being dif-
perfed into fuch a Number of Hands, fifty thou-
fand Ryals, in ready Money, were commanded
to be given them by Way of Retaliation: The
Emperor himfelf taking Care to fee the fame de¬
livered to one who was made their Governor ; in
order to diftribute among them, from Time to
Time, for buying Victuals, and other neceflary
Occafions. The Ship having lain thirty Days
before the City of Sakay, three Leagues, or two
Leagues and an half from Ozaka , the Ship was
carried, by the Emperor’s Orders, to the City
of Eddo, in the Land of Jpuanto, in the Eaftern
Part of the Ifiand ; about an hundred and twenty
Leagues diftant from Ozaka. They had a tedious
Paflage, occafioned by contrary Winds, fo that
the Emperor was there long before them.
’The Sailors Being arrived near Eddo , they made earned
mutmy • Supplication to get their Ship clear, that they
might go and trade where the Hollanders were.
In this Suit they fpent much of the Money given
them ; and during the Delay, the Ship’s Com¬
pany, inftigated by three or four Ring-leaders,
mutinied againd the Captain and Mr. Adams ,
which latter they wanted to thrud out of the
Ship ; for every one would needs be a Com¬
mander. They infifted to have the Money, that
was given by the Emperor, divided amongft them ;
which, for Quietnefs fake, was accordingly done
to every one, as his Place was. They had now
been two Years in Japan, after which they re¬
ceived a Denial of their Petition for their Ship :
Upon this, the Men having gotten their Shares
of the Money, and finding they were to remain
in the Country, difperfed themfelves every one
where he thought bed. In the End, the Em¬
peror gave to each of them an Allowance of two
Pounds of Rice a Day ; and fb much yearly as
came to eleven or twelve Ducats* the Author,
the Captain, and Mariners all alike.
Mr. Adams Two or three Years after this, the Emperor
* z™ Fa m fent for Mr. Adams , as he had often done before,
in order to build him a fmall Ship : He anfwered,
that he was no Carpenter, and knew not how to
go about it. But his Majedy bid him do it as
well as he could, faying, if it fhould be good for
nothing, it was no Matter : Wherefore he went
to work, and built him a fmall Ship of about
eighty Tons, according to the Englijh Model.
As foon as it was made, the Emperor came aboard
to fee it, and liked it very well : By which Means
Mr. Adams came in more Favour with him ; and
was often in his Prefence. He likewife, from
Time to Time, had Prefents given him; and at
length a yearly Revenue of about feventy Ducats
to live upon, befides two Pounds of Rice a Day,
Mr. Adams likewife taught his Majedy feme
s h to the East Indies.
Parts of Geometry and Mathematics, with other
Things ; which contributed not a little to his Adams
good Fortune, and raifed his Credit to fuch a
Degree at Court, that his Advice was taken in
every thing, to the great Admiration of his for¬
mer Enemies the Jefuits and Portugueze : Who
now were glad to cringe to him, whom they
would formerly have dedroyed ; intreating him
to befriend them to the Emperor in their Bufi-
nefs ; and by his Means both Spaniards and Por-
b tugueze received many Favours from the Empe¬
ror : And thus Amends was made him for all the
Difficulties and Hardfhips he was put to at fird, in
order to get his Living.
At five Years End, Mr. Adams longing tONptfufer
fee his Wife and Children, made Supplication
to the Emperor, that he might have Leave to re¬
turn : But that Monarch was not well pleafed
with theRequed, telling him, that he fhould give
over the Thoughts of feeing his own Country any
c more, and reconcile himfelf to daying where he
was. However, the Englijh coming to hear at
length, that the Hollanders were at Achen and Pa~
tane ; and Mr. Adams growing dill more in the
Emperor’s Favour, he ventured to make Appli¬
cation once more, and fpoke with a great deal
of Refolution : To which he gave no Anfwer.
Upon this Mr. Adams told his Majedy, that in
cafe he would permit him to depart, he would
procure both the Englijh and Hollanders to come
d and traffic in his Country. He anfwered, that
he was defirous that both thofe Nations fhould
come and trade in Japan , and bid him write to
bring the fame about ; but faid, he would not part
v/ith him by any Means.
Mr. ADAMS finding he could not prevail GitiUa
for himfelf, intreated that his Captain might de-for.,l*Ct
part; which was prefently granted. The Cap-^”’
tain being thus at Liberty, embarked in a Japa-
nefe Junk, and failed to Patahe : But after wait-
e ing there a whole Year for Holland Ships, and
feeing none came, he went from thence tojory
where he found a Fleet of nine Sail, of which
Mataleefe was General. In this Fleet he was
made Mader again. Soon after, the Ships failed
to Malakka , and fought with an Armada of the
Portugueze , in which Battle the Captain was-
killed. Mr. Adams after this concluding no cer¬
tain Account was had of him, whether he was
alive or dead, mod earnedly intreats thofe, to
f whofe Hands his Letter might come, to let his
Wife and Children know, by one Means or other,
where he was. And in order to put them in the.
Way of conveying this Account to her, he men¬
tions the Names of feveral Perfons living at Rat-
clif and Limehoufe , to whom he was known.
The fird Ship that Mr. Adams made, having gulUi c
been proved by performing a Voyage or two, the.Sfr/,
JEmperor commanded him to build another. He
accordingly
Voyages of the English to the East Indie
s.
accordingly built one of an hundred and twenty a arrived a fmall Veffel, with Cloth, Lead, Ele-
Tons, in which he made a Voyage- himfelf from phants Teeth, Damaflc, and black Taffaties; raw
Miako to Edoo ; being about as far as from Lon
den to the Lizard , or Land’s End of England*
In 1609, Emperor lent this Ship to the Go¬
vernor of Manilla , who fent her with eighty Men
to Acapulco. The fame Year a great Ship, called
Silk, Pepper, and other Commodities. The Mer¬
chants made an Apology for not coming the Year
before, and were much careffed. Mr. Adams
was of Opinion, that the Coming of the Dutch
would furnifh him with Means of getting-out
the St. Francifcoy of about a thoufand Tons, was of Japan , which he could not find before. He
wrecked upon the Coaft of Japany in the Latitude obferves, that they need not bring Money out of
of thirty-five Degrees fifty Minutes, by Strefs of Holland into the Eajl Indies ; for that there was
fails to
/pulco,
Weather; the Men were forced to cut herMain-
Maft by the Board, and bear-up for Japan : But
in the Night, before they were aware, they ran
(he Ship upon the Shore, where Ihe was caft a-
way ; one hundred and thirty-fix being drowned
out of four hundred and eighty-fix. Li this Ship
the Governor of Manilla was to have returned
to New Spain as a Paffenger.
much Silver and Gold in Japan to ferve their
Turns in other Places, where they might have
Occafion : And that the Merchandizes there ven¬
dible, for ready Money, were raw Silk, Damalk,
black Taffaties, black and red Cloth of the beft.
Lead, and fuch like Goods.
The Bland of Japan is very large. The North JaPan
Part lies in the Latitude of forty -eight Degrees, fcnbtd'
Next Year he went, in the bigger Ship of and the Southermoft Part in thirty-five Degrees.
_ /tj _ j: . 1 * t .. • _i n r _ . 1 t .1 J R-
TOuteh
H <» Ja-
H
Mr. Adams’s building, to Acapulco ; and, in 1611,
returned another in her Room, with a confider-
able Prefent, and an Ambaffador to the Emperor,
giving him Thanks for his great Friendfhip ; and
keeping the Ship, fent the Value of her to the
Emperor in Goods and Money. The Spaniards
had her in the Philippinas when the Author
wrote. At that Time he was employed in the
Emperor’s Service, who gave him an Eftate like
unto a Lordfhip in England , with eighty or nine¬
ty Hulbandmen, who were as his Servants and
It is almoft fquare, the Length extending from
Eaft by North, Weft and by South, (for fo it
lieth) is two hundred and twenty Englijh Leagues.
The Breadth from South to North is thirteen De¬
grees, which, at twenty Leagues to a Degree,,
make two hundred and fixty Leagues. The In¬
habitants are very good natured, courteous above
Meafure, and valiant in War. Juftice is rigo-
roufly and impartially executed. Their Policy is
grounded on excellent Maxims ; and Mr. Adams
is of Opinion, that no Country in the World is
Slaves : A Bounty which, as Mr. Adams obferves, d better governed. They are very fuperftitious in
was never extended to any Stranger before.
In the Year 1609, two Holland Ships came
to Japan: Their Intention was to take the Ca-
rak that came yearly from Makau , but arrived
five or fix Days too late : Neverthelefs they put
into Firando , and the Captains went to Court,
where they were very kindly received by the
Emperor j with whom they agreed yearly to fend
a Ship or two, and departed with his Pafs. The
their Religion, and divided in Opinions. There
are many Jefuits and Francifcan Friars in the
Bland ; who have converted a great Number of
the Natives to the Romijh Faith, and have feveral
Churches in the Bland.
Latitudes.
Santa Maria Bland —
Dutch fent no Ship in 1610, but in 1611 there e Mocha Illand —
37*
38
I2'S«
00
Yyy 2
BOOK
Voyages to the Coasts and Islands of Africa,
book IV.
Nicolj.
1560.
Voyages to feveral Parts of Africa, and the
with particular Defcriptions of the
refpeclive Countries , and their Inhabitants.
CHAP. I.
A Defcription of the Canary Iflands and Madera, with their remarkable Fruits
and Commodities .
By THOMAS NICOLS.
fo which is added, A farther Account of each, by Way ^Supplement
from later Authors.
INTRODUCTION.
MR. NICOLS, in a fort of Preface to a to the Canaries in general ; and have added the Sup-
rhis Trail, takes Notice, that he dwelt plement, in order to give the Reader a View of
in the Canaries , otherwife called the Fortunate what is farther to be found moft material relating
Iflands, for upwards of feven Years together: to them in the beft Authors fince. Among the
And that he was the rather induced to give fome reft, we are chiefly obliged to three, who have
Account of them, becaufe he found fo great a treated of the Pike of Tenerife, and the ancient
Difagreement among Writers, and fuch glaring Inhabitants of the Ifland, viz. Sir Edmund Scory,
Falfehoods; efpecially in a Book, called The new- who wrote about the Year 1600 ; a judicious
found World antarftic , publifhed by Andrew The- Phyfician, whofe Account (penned about the
vet, a Frenchman a, who pretended to fpeak as Middle of the laft Century) is inferted in the
an Eye-witnefs of what he wrote. b Hiftory of the Royal Society by Dr. Sprat (after-
HAKLUYT has inferted this little Piece in wards Bifhop of Rochefter \) and Mr. Edens, whofe
his Collection b, but the Time when it was writ- Journey up the Pike, in 1715, is inferted in the
ten does not diftinCtly appear, it being without a Philofophical Tranfaftions.
Date: Only at the End of his Defcription, the These Iflands (the neareft of which lies with-
Author takes Notice, that he was in the Cana- in forty Leagues of the Coaft of Africa ) extend
■ries as a Factor for Meffieurs Thomas Locke, An- five Degrees thirty Minutes from Weft to Eaft ;
thony Hickman, and Edward Caftelin, who, in and two Degrees fifteen Minutes from South to
thofe Days, were Merchants of great Credit in North : But including Madera and Puerto Santo,
London. In the Year 1554, we find thofe three five Degrees forty Minutes. For they are fituate
Gentlemen jointly concerned in the Guinea c between the firft Meridian, (which palTes through
Trade c, and the two latter till 1566 ; but with- the Weft-End of Ferro) and five Degrees thirty
out Mr. Locke d : So that it is probable, the Au- Minutes of Longitude ; and between twenty -
thor’s Refidence, in the Canaries, was about 1554, feven Degrees thirty Minutes, and twenty-nine
but the Words, in thofe Days, imply, that this Degrees forty-five Minutes of North Latitude: Or
Trait was written by him feveral Years after. thirty- three Degrees ten Minutes, if thofe other
However that be, it is a curious little Piece, con- two Iflands be taken-in. This Pofition, which
taining in brief every thing remarkable that we have given to thefe Iflands in the Chart
later Writers have taken Notice of; and fome maybe prefumed to be the more exadf, becaufe
Things, as the Burying-Caves with their Mum-, both the Latitude and Longitude of three of them
mies, "which few of them have had any Knowledge d have been determined by aftronomical Obferva-
cf tions ; as may appear, by InfpeCtion, from the
For this Reafon we have chofen' Mr. Nico/s’s Chart, and will be particularly fpecified at -the
Account for the Bafis, as well as becaufe it extends refpe&ive Places hereafter.
a Dedicated to the Cardinal of Sens, Keeper of the Great Seal of France . b Vol. 2. part 2. p. 3,
« See before, p. 144. * See p. 176, 178, 180, aad 184.
« See Chart I.
SECT,
Description of the
i 560.
Nicols.
titrj
'.The Name,
SECT. I.
Of the Canary IJlands in general .
cTheir Difcovery , Name. Inhabitants : Their Origi¬
nal. Number of the Canary Ifes. If thofe called
the Fortunate; Whence that Name. Ancient
Inhabitants. Their great Humanity. Their Arms.
Voluntary Vi Aims. Shape and Manners. Pro-
dull ions of the IJlands.
Firft Difco ■ rr^ HE firft Difcovery thefe Iflands, which b
g are feven in Number, has afforded Matter of
Conteft between th t Spaniards and Portugueze :
The firft affirming, it was made by them, while
the latter afcribed the Honour of it to thair own
Nation ; who, they fay, found them out in their
Way to Ethiopia and the Eajl Indies. The
Truth is, that the Spaniards firft conquered thefe
Iflands, with feveral Englijh in their Company.
Various likewife have been the Conjectures
concerning the Original of the Name. _ Some c
Writers maintain, that the Ifland Canaria gave
Name to the reft, and was fo called on Account
of the great Number of Dogs which were found
upon it. To fupport this Opinion, Andrew The-
vet afferts, that one Juba carried two Dogs from
thence: But the Natives, of whom the Author
had made diligent Inquiry concerning this Story,
knew nothing of their Country severbeingexceed-
ingly flocked with Dogs. Dogs indeed there were,
but fuch as were in all the North-Weft Countries, d
and fome Parts vf the IVeJl Indies , which the
People made Ufe of for Victuals, inftead of Sheep.
The Author was told, by fome of the firft Con¬
querors themfelves, that thefe Iflands took their
Name from the great Multitude of four fquare
Canes a found upon them all. Thefe Canes grow
feveral from one Root ; and, with the leaft Pref-
fure, yield a milky Juice, which is rank Poifon,
wherewith fome of the Difcoverers were poifon-
ed : But Vines and Sugar-Canes were firft planted e
there by the Spaniards , many ^ ears after the
Conqueft ; fo that, it is certain, they could not
take their Name from Sugar-Canes.
The Natives were called Canaries by the
Conquerors. They were cloathed in Goat-Skins,
made like a loofe Caffock, and dwelt in Caves
a mono- the Rocks in great Love and Friendfliip.
They°fpake all one Language15: Their chief
Food was gelt Dogs, Groats, and Goats Milk,
with which alfo wetting Barley-Meal, they made
a Kind of Bread, called Gofa , which they ufe to
Canary Islands. 533
this Day. The Author had eat of it feveral Times, 1 560.
being accounted exceeding wholefome. Nico!;-
As to the Original of the Natives, the beft ■
Account he could get was, that they were Exiles njL
from Africa, banilhed thence by the Romans ,
who cut out their Tongues for blafpheming their
Gods. However that be, it is certain they had a
peculiar Language, not mixed with either the
Roman or Arabian Tongue.
These Iflands are under the Government of
the King of Spain , whofe Officers refide in Grand
Canaria : For although he enjoys the Property of
only the three fruitful Iflands, viz. Canaria , Te¬
nerife, and Palma % yet he hath refer ved the
Power of exercifing Jurifdicfion in all the others,
to prevent the Lords opprefling their Vafl'als .
Firft hha~
bit ant 1,
Sup pl.] Mr. Nicols reckons but feven Canary Number of
Iflands, viz. Canaria , Tenerife , Gomera, Palma , !Pndl'
Hierro or Ferro, Lanzarota , and luerteventw a ,
but there are fix more, which are fttuate round
Lanzarota , viz. Graciofa , Rocca , Allegranza,
Santa Clara , Inferno , and Lobos c, called alio
Vecchio Marino , which lies between Lanzarota and
Fuerteventura. To thefe may be added, the Sa¬
vages between the Canaries and Madera. 1 hey
are all fmall Iflands, or Rocks, and of no great
Confequence ; which might have been the Reafon
why Mr. Nicols took no Notice of them.
This Author, in the Title to his Defcription, j/ For*
calls thefe the Fortunate Iflands, other wife thetunate.
Iflands of Canaria fuppofing them to be thofe
mentioned by Ptolemy , under that Name. And
in all Probability they are the fame, rather than
the Cape Verd Iflands, as others conjccfu; e . Be-
caufe the Ancients mention only one Clutter ot
Iflands Ivin sr on the Weftern Coaft of Africa ;
and it is not° probable, that the Cape Verd Iflands
fhould be known to them, and the Canaries not ;
(as muft be the Cafe on a Suppofition, that the
former are the Fortunate Iflands) iince the Cana¬
ries lie directly in the Way to the others, are
more than half as near again to the Continent,
and not half fo far from the Streights of Gibral¬
tar. In Ihort, it may well be queftioned, (as it
is by fome Authors) whether the Greeks were ac¬
quainted fo far South as the Gape l era lilanos .
Befides, what goes a great Way to decide the
Point, in favour of the former is, one of the for¬
tunate Iflands being exprefly called Canaria by
f Ptolemy: Unlefs we fuppofe, that the firft Dif¬
coverers, who confidered thefe as the Fortunate
a Perhaps rather Canes whofe Trunks (hot up in the Form of four Squares, as will be ^r^tv'r ir,ec 'fhefe
> Every Ifland had a peculiar Dialed of one Mother Language, which was common to w]?ich
three were difeovered at the King’s Expence. P[[erfIartT’J hkh ’ ^a9 relating to the general Defcription.
belongs to the Account of Lanzarota, we thought fit to remo mentioned0 in the Text, to the Difco-
The lung granted the Property of all the Iflands, except the three mentioned m the ext,
verers or Conquerors, and their Heirs. f See before, p. 14. a. Iflands,
534
Voyages to the Coasts and Islands of Africa.
1560. Iflands, . gave the Name of Canaria to one of a that the other three being large, the Spaniards
Nicols. them, in Imitation of that- Anihnr nrvt flion s* r\\-\ n< 1 1 _ 5 *
Wbenct the
X?amet
The fir ft In
babitar.tu
them, in Imitation of that Author. However
that be, it is certain the Arabs , who fucceeded
the Greeks and Romans in Empire and Learning,
and in all Probability were better acquainted with
them, confidered them as fuch, calling them, in
their Language, al Jazayr al Khaledat ; that is,
the Fortunate Iflands.
The Ancients placed their Elyfium in the
Fortunate Iflands, whence fome think this Name
had not then conquered them : That they were
inhabited by Idolaters: That Grand Canaria had
eight or nine thoufand Souls upon Tt ; and Tene¬
rife (as was reported) between fourteen and fif¬
teen thoufand
The Reader may form a Judgment of thefe
Aborigines , from the Accounts given of thofe
remaining on the Ifland of Tenerife : They are
called, by Linfcboten and other Authors, Guan -
Nicob.
was given them on Account of the happy Tem- b chos. They were a rude uncivilized People. Every
npraf-nr#* nf Air a _ _ _ ttt * . £ . '
perature of Air, and Fertility of Soil3’."’ Others
rather believe, that the ancient Mariners, who
were only Coafters before the Ufe of the Com-
pafs, being faved from Deftru&ion, by luckily
meeting with thefe Harbours, after they were
driven-off the Coaft by Storms, gave thefe Places
of Safety b this Denomination of Fortunate. As
to the Name Canaria all other Writers agree
one took as many Women as he pleafed : As to
the Children, they gave them to the Goats to
fuck. They had no fuch thing as Property; and Tbe!rgreat
cultivated the Land with Oxes Horns. They Humanity,
were quite ignorant of the Ufe of Fire, as having
an Abhorrence to the Slaughtering of Bealls*1 ;
and fome Diflike to Blood-Ihedding of any kind :
For which Reafon, when they took any fmall
, • 1 crv . r 1 • • 1 __ , o w Aiiv. 1 j jxcaiuij, wncii uiey look any llliali
with Thevet afcnbmg it to the great Number of Veffels with Spaniards , they never put them to
I Incrc fnnnn h prp Kxr n-n ... j .i i . r . 1 ^ , — r _
Dogs found here by the firft Difcoverers. Dapper ,
in his Defcription of Africa , tells us, that the
Moors call them all by the Name of Elbard from
the Pike of Tenerife. They w'ere undoubtedly
knovvn to the Romans ; but after the Fall of that
^Empire, remained in Oblivion for fome Cen¬
turies to all Nations of Europe , except the Arabs
and Moors , to whom Spain for feveral Ages was
fuojedl. The firft Time we hear of them among
the Moderns, is about the Year 1393, when they
were difcovered for Henry the Third of Spain,
as has been already mentioned c. In 1417, Betan¬
court conquered Lanzarota , and Fuerte Ventura .*
Gomera and Ferro were fubdued by Fernando Pe-
reyra and his Wife d, perhaps for Mafiot, Betan¬
court's Nephew ; who exchanged the four for
Part of Madera with Prince Henry of Portugal.
I hlP M ri 1 n r 4 i » A. a. _ TTM . . 1
death, but fet them to flea the Goats^out of Con¬
tempt ; looking upon that to be the moft vile and
difgraceful Employment \ Being unacquainted
with Iron, they made Ufe of Flints to fhave with.
They had no Houfes of any kind, but lived in
Caves among the Rocks.
Yet they feemed to have fome Glimmerings
of a future State : For each Community had al¬
ways two Sovereigns, one alive, and the other
dead. Whenever their Prince died, they took
the Body, and after it was walhed, fet it up eredfc
in a Cave; putting a Staff in his Hand, and a
Pail of Milk and Wdne by his Side, which was
done to fupport him in his Journey k.
_ the Time of Cada Mojlo , each Ifland was di- Tbeir Aniu
vided into Lordfhips, and there were no fewer
than nine Lords in Tenerife. Thefe had fre-
Ti • tj • • r - J in lenerijre. 1 neie nad tre-
, . 1 TninC? m u44 j f? f F eet t0, conflu.er the quently Wars among them ; in the Fury of which,
o er Iflands, but defifted upon the Claim of (they were carried out of their natural Difpofi-
the King of Cajlile. In 1455 they remained un-
fubdued e ; but not long after Grand Canaria was
conquered by Pedro de Vera, a Citizen of Xericium ;
as were Palma and Tenerife by Alphonfo Lugo , at
the Charges of Ferdinand the Catholic*: And
thus at Jaft, in the Year 1483, they were all an¬
nexed to the Crown of Spain in the Treaty7 be¬
tween Alphonfo of Portugal , and Ferdinand of
Cafile.
In 1455* when Aluife da cada Mojlo made
his Voyage, the four Iflands, which had been
then conquered, were inhabited by Chriflians ,
fubjwcl to the Spaniards , whole Governor was
Herrera , a Native of Seville , perhaps the fame
called above Pereira. The fame Author obferves.
tion) and butchered each other with the greateft
Barbarity. They painted their Bodies, both Men
and Women, with the Juice of certain Herbs,
green, red, and yellow ; which they efteem the
moft beautiful Colours. They had no other Arms
befides Stones, and a kind of Darts, or Lances :
Some pointed with Horns, others nnfhod ; which
however they had the Art, by feafoning in the
Fire, to make as hard as Iron. And for a Coat
of Mail, they made an Ointment with the Juice
of certain Plants, mixed up with Tallow ; which
they rubbed well into their Skins to thicken them,
by this Means to defend themfelves from the Cold.
Every Lordfhip feems to have had its own
Mode of religious Worfhip : For in Tenerife. ,
there
f'Jurtary
'iQimt,
Description of the
»6o. there were no fewer than nine Kinds of Idolatry : a
Nicols. Some worfbipping the Sun, others the Moon and
Planets, They pra&ifed Polygamy, as is
abovefaid ; and, the Lord had a Right to have
the firft Night with the Virgin ; who thought
herfelf in this greatly honoured.
Upon the Acceffion of any new Lord, it was
cuftomary for fome young Perfons to offer them-
felves to die as a Sacrifice, in Honour of him.
The Manner of it was thus : The Lord held a
great Feaft on his Acceffion Day ; to crown b
which, all fuch as were ready to give this cruel
Proof of their unfeigned Affe&ion to him, were
attended to the Cliff of a certain deep Valley ;
where after a few Words muttered over, and
fome peculiar Ceremonies performed, the willing
Vitftim threw himfelf down the Precipice, and
was dallied to Pieces. However, the Lord held
himfelf obliged, in Reward of his fanguinary
Homage, to heap extraordinary Honours and
Favours on the Parents a. c
Mr Shape By the Relation of the Sieur Durret , in his
rAMamm. Voyage to Lima, p. 72. we are informed, that
thefe Guanchos , (as the Spaniards call them) were
a fturdy, robuft Sort of People, tall and lean, of
a tawny Complexion, with broad flat Nofes, of a
lively Temper, and nimble ; flout and warlike.
They are no great Talkers, and fpeak very foft :
But prodigious Eaters; infomuch, that one of
them would devour fometimes twenty Rabbits,
and a whole Goat, at a Meal. d
Some of them (according to the Account in
Dr. Sprat’s Hiftory) were ftill remaining on Tene-
riffe, who lived chiefly on parched Barley, ground
and made up into Cakes with Milk and Honey,
which hung conftantly in Goats Skins at their
Backs. They then drank no Wine, nor were fond
of Flelh. They were very adtive and daring, which
they (hewed by leaping from Rock to Rock,
down the Mountains in this Manner : Firft, they
tertiate their Lance, (which is about the Bignefs e
©f a half Pike) and aim the Point at any Piece
of Rock : At their going off, they clap their Feet
clofe to the Staff, and fo carry their Bodies in
the Air. The Head of the Lance pitching. firft
upon the Place, breaks the Fall, then they Aide
gently down by the Staff, making fometimes ten
Fathom at a Leap; and pitch with their Feet up¬
on the Point of a Rock not half a Foot broad.
But the Author obferves, that Novices fometimes
break their Necks in learning b. ( f
Sir RICHARD HAWKINS fays, they
would climb the fteep Rocks and broken Hills,,
which to look at. Teemed impracticable, with the
Canary Islands.
535
greateft Art and Agility imaginable; and, that 1560.
he {hould hardly have believed it, if he had not Nicols.
feen it. He farther obferves, that their Lances
were nine or ten Foot in length, with a Head,
of a Foot and half long, like Boar Spears, only
the Head a little broader c ; which might help
them in leaping up or down. The Dodtor add¬
ed feveral Stories to the fame Effedt ; and how
twenty-eight of them efcaped from the Battle¬
ments of an extraordinary high Caftle in the
Ifland, when the Governor thought he had
made fure of them. He likewife declared, that
they whiffle fo loud, as to be heard five Miles
off. This Particular was ferioufly confirmed by
a Spaniard , and another Canary Merchant then
in the Company. He added, that being where
one of them whiffled his loudeft, he could not
hear perfectly for fifteen Days after.
He affirmed alfo, that they ftill ufed Stones in
all their Fights ; and could hurl one with a Force
equal to that of a Bullet {hot from a Mufket b.
This, however ftrange it may feem, is in fome
Meafure confirmed by Cada Mojlo , (whofe Ac¬
count in general, agrees with this laft mentioned
Author’s.) He affirms, that they threw Stones with
fo much Exadtnefs, as to hit any Mark they aim¬
ed at ; and with fo much Strength, that a few
of them would beat a Buckler to Pieces. Soon
after their firft Difcovery, they were fo adtive in
this Exercife, that one of them offered to give
three Perfons twelve Oranges apiece, and taking
twelve for himfelf, would engage to ftrike his
Antagonift’s with every one of his, and at the
fame Time to parry theirs, fo that they {hould
hit no Part of him, but his Hands only.
As to the Produce of thefe Iflands, they had
then no Wine nor Wheat, but what was import¬
ed, and hardly any valuable Commodity, ex¬
cepting Cheefe, which was good in its Kind, and
Goats Skins in Perfe&ion ; as likewife Plenty of
Tallow d. But afterwards, both Corn and Vines-
being planted there ; when Sir Richard Hawkins
was at thefe Iflands in 1593, they had Corn and
Wine in abundance, of their own Produce e ;
only in the Corn, a Worm, called Gorgofho , is
apt to breed, which eats out the Subftance, leaving
the Hufk in a Manner whole. They afford like¬
wife Sugar, Conferves, Orcall ; Pitch, which
does not melt with the Sun, and therefore is
proper for the higher Works of Shipping; Iron
and other Commodities, befides Store of Cattle ;
and Ships may water in moft of them f. This
Account is confirmed by others, who fay, that
the Canaries in general are very fertile, and a-
a See Cada^ Mojlo, ubi fupr „ b See Sprat’s Hiftory of the Royal Society,- p. 2 1 2. & ft$
Hawkins's Voyage to the South Sea, 1593, p. 24. d See Cada Mojlo, ubi fupr a,
cellent Wine, Wheat and Barley, adds Millet . Se* his Voyage to Borneo, p. 4, & fe$%?
Hawkins x ubi fupr a >
S'-
* Sir Richard
e Beeckman, to ex-
< Sir Richard ■
bound -
frCV'.fon,
Rate < of.
Voyages to the
bound with all Sorts of Provifions. They afford
great Numbers of Cattle, Store o! Corn, Honey,
Wax, Sugar, Cneefe, and Skins. T he W ine is
pleafant, and very ftrong, and tranfported into
all Parts of the World a ; and one Author afferts,
that it is the mod generous Wine in the Uni-
verfe b. Linfchotcn confirms this Account of their
Fertility ; adding, that they produce all Sorts of
Corn ; and to the Cattle joins Camels c.
LE MAI RE fays, the Canary Iflands in gene¬
ral have all Neceffaries for good and plentiful
Living: But that the Water is proportionably not
good \ which the Inhabitants remedy, the beft
they can, by filtring Stones. He farther takes
Notice, that Harveft is commonly in March or
Abril at fartheft, and in feveral Places they have
two each Year ; and he had feen a Cherry-flip
produce Fruit in fix Weeks after Grafting d. Laft-
ly, here grows th tOrifelle, a Plant that bears the
Canary Seed, and requires a great deal of Care
and Management here ; but grows in Holland
and other Parts of Europe, without any Trouble.
The Canary Birds, which breed in France , neither
fing fo fweet, nor have fuch a Variety of beau¬
tiful Plumage, as here in their Native Soil e.
Besides the Vegetables before-mentioned,
thefe Iflands at prefent afford Beans, Peas, and
Coches ; a Grain like Maize, ufed for im¬
proving the Land ; Papaus, Cherries, G«avas,
Pomkms, and extraordinary fine Onions 5 with
ell Sorts of Garden Greens and Roots, Pot-herbs,
and Sallading, as well as Variety of Flowers. Of
Fifh they have Mackrel in Plenty f, befldes Stur¬
geon, which the poorer Sort feed on g. They
are likewife well flocked with Deer and Horfes h.
These are the Products of the Iflands in gene¬
ral: But in particular, Lanzarota excels in Horfes;
Grand Canaria , Palma, and Tenerife, fn Wines;
Fuerteventura for common Dunghil Fowls ; and
Gomera for Deer l.
It may not be amifs to obferve, that Provmon
is much dearer on the trading Iflands, than the
others ; fo that it is beft for Ships to touch at the
laft, if they do not go there for Wines. Dam -
pier having, we prefume, experienced this Secret
to his Coft, inferts this Caution for the good of
others. We fhall clofe this Supplement to the
general Defcription of thefe Iflands with a Re¬
mark of Durret* s. That moft of the Soldiers, which
garifoti the Forts, are Tranfports from Spain.
Coasts and Is lands of Africa,
a TV ay of making it. Good IT ine. City de las I §6o,
Palmas, or Canaria. Farther Account of the NiCo!s.
Growth and making of Sugar. The Plantain '
Tree.
SECT. II.
The If and of Canaria.
Government of the If and. Growth of Sugar :
THIS Ifland is twelve Miles long, and al- GowumwC
moft the fame in Breadth. It is the
principal of all the reft ; not in Fertility, but as
being the Seat of Juftice and Government among
them. There is a Governor here for the Ifland
b only : Befldes whom here are three Auditors, who
are fuperior Judges, and adl jointly in Commiflion
as the Lord Chancellor of any Realm ; receiving
and hearing Appeals from the other Iflands.
The City is called Civitas Palmarum k. It™' City of
hath a beautiful Cathedral, with all the ufualDig-
nities. For the Adminiftration of civil Affairs in
the Ifland ; there are feveral Aldermen who
have great Authority, and a Council- houfe to
themfelves. The City is beautiful, and the In-
c habitants drefs very gay and rich. After any Rain
or foul Weather, a Man may go clean in Velvet
Slippers, becaufe the Ground is Tandy. The Air
is very temperate, and free from the Extreme of
either Heat or Cold.
Tjiey have two Wheat Harvefts, viz. in
February and May. The Grain is exceeding good,
and makes Bread as white as Snow. There are,
in this Ifland, three other Towns, named Telde ,
Galder, arid Guia : Alfo twelve Sugar Houfes,
d called Inganios, in which a great Quantity of
good Sugar is made.
The Growth of Sugar is in this Manner : A t
good Soil yields nine Crops in eighteen Years: Firft, ^
they take a Cane, which is called th tPlanta, and
laying it along in a Furrow, cover it with Earth ;
fo that, by a Sluice, they can let the Water run
over it. ThisPlant, in theNature of aRoot, brings
forth fundry Canes; which grow twoYears before
they are fit to cut, and not fix Months, as Thevet
e writes. They are cut even with the Ground,
and the Tops, with the Leaves, called Coholia ,
being chopped ofF, the Bodies are tied into Bundles
like Faggots, and carried to the Sugar-houfe cak¬
ed Inganios. Where they are ground in a Mill,
and the Juice conveyed by a Gutter to a great
Veflel, [or Cauldron] where it is boiled till it
comes to a due Thicknefs, and then put into Way of
Earthen Pots of the Mold of a Sugar-loaf, and *
placed in the Purging-houfe to purge and whiten;
f which is done with a certain Clay laid on the
Top. Of the Remainder in the Cauldron is
made a fecond Sort, called Efcumas ; and of the
purging Liquor, that drops from the white [or
clayed] Sugar, is made a third Sort, the Remains
a Dutch Voyages, vol. 1. p. 96. b Roberts* s Voyage to Cape Verd, 1721. p. 4. • nllret'l
Voyages, chap. 96. p. 177. d Le Maire's Voyage to the Canaries, &C. p. 19 .Mfeqq. « garret *
VoSfe to Lima fi. 71. f Dampier\ Voyages, vol. 3. p. 8. g Durret , ubifupra h Dumpier
ubifpr. 1 1 Idem, ibid. k Or, the City of Palms. In Spanifi, la Ciudad <fos Palmas ; and
funply, Palma.
Description tf the
Xr6o. of" which is called Panela , or Netas : The Refufe
Uxols. of all the Purging is called Remlel , or Malaffes ;
^and of that is made another Sort, called Refinado.
When the firft: Crop is thus finifiied, the
Canes of which are called Planta , then the
Sugar-ftraw [or withered Leaves of the Canes]
lying all over the Field, [or Cane-Piece] are fet
on Fire, which likewife burns the Stumps ot the
Canes clofe to the Ground : And thus with good
Husbandry, and Watering, at the End of other
two Years, it yields the fecond Crop, called Zoca j b
the third is called Tcrtia Zoca ; the fourth guar-
ta Zoca j and fo the reft, till Age caufes the old
Canes to be planted again.
btijrae. This Ifland produces fingular good Wine,
efpecially in the Town of Teldc , and fundry Sorts
of good Fruits, as Batatas a, Melons, Pears,
Apples, Oranges, Lemons, Pomegranates, Figs,
Peaches of divers Sorts, and many other Fruits ;
but efpecially the Plantano. It is no Timber-
Tree. It grows near the Sides of Brooks ; is very <
ftrait in the Body ; and has furprifmgly thick
Leaves: Which grow not on the Branches, but
out of the Top of the Tree, every Leaf being two
Yards long, and almoft half a Yard broad. Each
Tree has but two or three Branches; and on
them grow the Fruit, which are thirty or forty
in Number, more or lefs. It is (haped like a
Cucumber ; and, when ripe, is black, being then
more delicious than any Conferve. The Plantano
bears Fruit but once, and then is cut down, an- <
other fpringing up from the fame Root, and lb
on continually.
This Ifland yields Plenty enough of Oxen,
Kine, Camels, Goats, Sheep, Capons, Henfe,
Ducks, Pigeons, and large Partridges. Wood
is the Thing mod wanted \ It ftands in twenty-
feven Degrees North c.
Suppl.] This Ifland is thirteen or fourteen
Leagues each Way, and about forty in Circuit
According to the common Opinion, it is the
fame which the Antients, particularly Ptolemy ,
call by this Name. It is the principal of all the
Iflands ; and its chief City, called Canaria , and
Ciudad de las Palmas , the Capital of all the reft.
Canaria LE MAI RE, who was here in 1681, in-
forms us, that the Town is defended by a Caftle e,
fituated on a Hill, but very mean and defpicable.
It lies a League and half South South- Weft from
the Road, where there is very good Anchoring ;
Canary Islands. 537
for the Shore, near the Town, is peftered with 1 560.
Rocks under Water. It is inhabited by twelve Nicols.
thoufand ftoutlflanders, capable of making a very *— V*-*
good Defence. Its Precin&s are near a League
in Compafs, moft of the Houles well built, two
Stories high, and flat roofed. T he Bilhop’s Court,
with the Inquifttor’s Tribunal, and the Sovereign
Council f, being like the Parliament of the feven
Iflands, are all held here: But the Biihop, Go¬
vernor g, and People of Quality, make their Re-
fidence at Tenerife . There are four Convents, viz.
Dominicans , Francifcans , Bernardinos, and Re col-
lefts h. The Author viftted the Bernardines , a
Nunnery, four Times, as a Phyfician ; but foon
difcovered, that the greater Part of them had
no other Diftemper but their Confinement. Thefe
good religious Ladies were not wanting in their
Carefles, and loaded him with Bifkets, dry and
wet Sweetmeats, Lemonade, and Sack ; together
with all Manner of Fruit, which were ferved
: up upon Plates, and Porcelain Salvers, garnifhed
with Rofes, Pinks, Orange Flowers, Jeffamine,
and Tuberofes, with Variety of Nofegays. He
made them alfo fome fmall Prefents, which were
received with great RefpedI and Civility. The
French had a Conful at Canaria , whofe Wife
le Maire vifited : But in general he found Medi¬
cines very fcarce \
For a farther Explanation of what relates to Grow* of
the Sugar-Cane, we Ihall infert the Method
I planting Canes, and making Sugar in Jamaica :
Firft, the Canes are planted in Pits, or Trenches,
of about a Foot fquare, dug very (hallow with
a Hoe, generally not above fix Inches deep. Fouf
or fix Plants are laid in each Square ; from the
Joints of which, fpring-out the new Canes, which
grow fit for Cutting, in fixteen, or eighteen
Months at moft. The firft Growth are called
Plant-Canes ; the fecond, Rattans of the firft
Year ; next, Rattans of the fecond Year, (3 ’c.
e but very little Land there bears above three or
four Crops of Rattans.
In Jamaica they ufe five, fix, or feven Coppers Making
for Difpatch ; the Liquor is laden from one toil«ar*
another, and the laft is called the Tech ; out of
which, it is laded into Coolers ; being firft tem¬
pered with a little Lime, to make it corn, or
granulate the (Longer. From the Coolers it is
put into what they (till call Pots ; probably from
their being firft made of Earth, although now
f they confift of four Boards joined in a Pyramid,
a nr Potatoes b Herbert fays, that Canaria is full of Goats, Beeves, Affes, Hogs, Barley,
of Flowers, tSaZs
to the Left; before which, Ships nde at Anchor. Voyage to Lima, p. 71. O/ryy.
“w “(wTSi; for all the Iflandr. * Others generally fay, they ref.de here -
Durret fays, were built chiefly at the Expence of the Gmocfi Merchants. Voyage to Lima, P • / >
Maire' s Voyage to the Canaries , &C. />. 19. hut
VOL. I. N° 26. Z
Thefe,
Le
53s
Voyages to the Coasts
I ^60. but left a little open at the Top, or narrow End,
Nicois. which is called the Bottom of the Pots; becaufe
*«— -v — ^they are placed in the Drying-houfe with this
Part downwards, to let the Molafies drain out.
Prom this Liquor is diddled the beft Rum; a
coarfer Sort being made from the Skimmings of
the Coppers, as the Liquor boils. The Sugar
thus made, is called Mufcavedo , or brown Sugar ;
that which the Author gives an Account of, be¬
ing called there. Clayed Sugar. What flicks
to the Sides of the Coolers is exceeding hard,
comes off in Flakes, and is called Panela , or Pan
Sugar : But the Quantity is not confiderable, and
no Ufe is made of it in the Works.
Th Plar.tare The Plantane-T ree in the Weft Indies , is about
the Size of an ordinary Apple-Tree; but theStem
is very ftrait, and moderately tapering, being, in
its Confiftence, much like a Cabbage Stalk. The
Leaves are rather broader than what the Author
makes them. The Fruit is not unlike a Cucumber,
but larger, and piked at the Ends. It grows in
Bunches, from fixteen to forty in a Bunch. When
firft fit to eat, it is of a whitifh-browm Colour,
a little clammy, and fomething of a ffiffer Con¬
fiftence than a Potatoe, and is covered with a
thick Skin, of a pale Green. As the Fruit ripens,
they both grow Yellow ; and when it begins to
decay, the Skin prefently turns black ; but that
being peeled off, the Fruit fhews itfelf of a deep
xeddifh Yellow, like Gold, and is very foft.
SECT. III.
The Ijle cfTeneriffe.
Its Site and Extent. Defcription of the Pike.
The Dragon-Tree. Fertility of the Ifland. Its
Towns. Antient Inhabitants. Oratava Port.
Santa Cruz. City Laguna. Its fne Situation.
Produce of the Soil. The Canary, Malmfey,
and Verdona Wines.
Site and Ex. ^TP HIS Ifland ftands in twenty-feven Degrees
tent. and an half North a ; and is diftant from
Canaria twelve Leagues to the Northward b. It
is feventeen Leagues in Length c, and lies high,
in Form of a Ridge of plowed Land in fome
Parts of England. In the Midft of it ftands a
rTbe Pike A-round Hill, called Pico de Teithe d. This Pike is
fcrihd. jn Height, diredlly upward, fifteen Leagues, and
more ; and about half a Mile in Compafs at the
and Islands of Africa.
a Top ; out of which, oftentimes, proceedeth Fire 1 560.
and Brim (lone, being in Form of a Cauldron. Nicois.
Within two Miles of the Top, is nothing but' -
Afhes, and Pumice-Stones ; and, beneath that
two Miles, is the cold Region, covered all the
Year with Snow. Somewhat lower, are prodigi¬
ous huge Trees growing, called Vinatico , which
are exceeding heavy, ‘and lying in Water will
never rot. There is likewife a Wood, called
Barbufano , of the fame Quality with many Savine,
b and Pine-Trees. Beneath thefe, are Woods of
Bay-T rees, of ten and twelve Miles long : Where
it is pleafant riding among the great Numbers of
fmall Birds, that fing exceedingly fweet, efpeci-
ally one Sort of them. This Bird is very little,
and coloured in all refpe&s like a Swallow, only
he hath a little black Spot on his Breaft, as broad
as a Penny ; He hath a more delightful Note
than all the reft: But if he be imprifoned in a
Cage, lives but a fhort Time.
c TENERIFFE produces all the Fruits that t^fra&nm
Canaria doth ; and hath, in common with the
other Iflands, a kind of Shrubs, or Bufhes, called
Taybayba , out of which iffues a milky Juice,
which ftanding a little thickens, and is exceeding
good Bird-lime : But the Tree called Drago e is
peculiar to Tenerife , grows on high rocky Land,
and by Incifion at the Bottom yields a Juice like
Blood f, which is a common Drug among Apo¬
thecaries. Alfo Targets made of the Wood, are
d greatly efteemed ; having this Quality, that a
Sword or Dagger, being ftruck into them, fticks
fo faft, that it is hard to pluck it out.
Th is Ifland abounds in Corn more than all
the reft ; and, in that refpedl, is a Mother, or
Nurfe, to all the others in the Times of Scarcity.
There grows alfo upon the high Rocks, a kind
of Mofs, called Orcbel, which is bought for Dyers.
There are alfo twelve Sugar- Works, called Inge-
nios : But above all, there is a fmall Plot of Land,
e about a League in Compafs, the like to which,
perhaps, cannot be fhewn in all the World be-
fides. It lies between two Towns, one called
Larotava , and the other Rialejo. This Angle
League of Ground produceth fweet Water out
of the Cliffs, or rocky Mountains ; Corn of all
Sorts; all Kinds of Fruits; excellent Silk, Flax,
Wax, and Honey; and very good Wines in
abundance: With great Store of Sugar, and Plenty
of Fire-wood. This Ifland exports great Quan-
Tencriffe.
a The mod South Part lies in near eight Degrees ; the North Part in eight Degrees forty Minutes. See the
Latitude of the Pike. b Rather to the Weft, or North-Weft. c The Length of Tenerife is vari-
oufly reported, fome making it twenty-two Leagues, others more, and fome lefs. Its Breadth is very irregular,
mix. from three to fifteen, and the Circuit about fixty Leagues. Beeckman' s Voyage to Borneo , p. 4. U feqq.
Dellon fays, it is about eighteen Leagues long, and ten broad. d De Teyde, or de Tayda : So Varenius, and
Beeckman , in his Ilijloria Orbis Terror, tells us; and that the Inhabitants call it Pico de Terraria: Dapper fays
the fame, in his Defcription of Africa. e Durret fays, the Dragon-Tree grows here. See his Voyage
to Lima, p. 71. ! Gum Adragant, or Dragons blood.
tity
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A» JC cA
1560.
Nicoli.
Its Towns.
Artien: la.
habitants.
Description of the
tity of Wines for the Weft Indies , and other a
Countries. The beft grows on the Side of a Hill,
called the Ramble.
The City, called Laguna a, Hands near a Lake,
and three Leagues from the Sea. It is handfomely
built, and has two fair Parilh Churches : This is
the Refidence of the Governor, and alfo of the
Aldermen, whofe Places are purchafed of the King.
Mott of the Inhabitants of this City are either
Gentlemen, Merchants, or Hulbandmen. There
are four Towns more, called Santa Cruz, Laro-
tava , Rialejo, and Garachico.
This Ifland, before its Conqueft, had feven
Kings, who, as well as the People, lived in Caves,
and ufed the fame Diet, and Goat Ik in Cloathing,
like thofe of Canaria . The Manner of burying
their Dead was thus: They carried the Corps
naked to a great Cave, and there fixed it upright
againft the Wall; and, if he were of any Au¬
thority among them, they put a Staff in his
Hand, and fet a Veflel of Milk by him. The
Author had feen three hundred of thefe Corpfes
in a Cave together ; the Flefh of which was fo
dried up, that the Body remained like Parchment.
Thefe People were called Guanches ; and had a
peculiar Language, quite different from the Ca¬
narians ; and fo in the reft, the Inhabitants of
every Bland had a diftindt Tongue, befides the
Language common to all.
The Illes of Canaria , Teneriffe , and Palma ,
belong to the King of Spain ; who receives from d Places fteep to the Water,
them fifty thoufand Ducats yearly, for Cuftom,
and other Duties. All the three are joined into
one See, worth to its Bifhop, twelve thoufand
Ducats yearly b.
Canary Islands.
Snow that enclofes the Neck of the Pike of Tey-
da , like a Collar : The Name of Teneriffe being
given it by the Inhabitants of Palma , in whofe
Language Tener fignifies Snow, and Iffe, an
Hill c.
Captain D A MPIER has furnifhed us with
fome pretty good Remarks concern ingT^r/^; he
obferves, that {as this Ifland extends itfelf North
and South) the principal Ports lie on theEaft and
Weft Sides; Oratava d on the Weft, and Santa
Cruz on the Eaft, being the principal. Oratava Oara»*
is the chief Port for Trade, where the EngliJhPort'
Conful, and Merchants, refide ; but is more dan¬
gerous in a Wefterly Wind, than Santa Cruz in
an Eafterly ; which laft has alfo better Water ;
So that Boats often come hither for it, from Ora¬
tava itfelf. It lies about a Mile to the North-
Eaft of the Road, by a fmall fandy Cove, where
is the beft and fmootheft Landing. This is like-
wife the better Harbour in the Winter-time.
But both Roads lie fo open, one to the Eaft, and
the other to the Weft, that Ships riding here, are
often forced to put to Sea; and for Difpatch fome-
times even to cut away, or flip their Anchors,
and return when the Flurry’s over.
At Santa Cruz , the beft Riding is not above Santa Cnu»
half a Mile e from Shore, in thirty, forty, or fifty
Fathom, black flimy Ground : If there be many
Ships, they muft ride clofe one by another f.
The Shore is generally high Land, and in moft
Uar.t,
Sup pl.] Teneriffe, though but the fecond
Ifland, in Point of Precedence, yet it is the
chief, with refpetft either to its Extent, Riches,
or Trade.
Sir Edmund Scory , a learned Gentleman, fays,
this Ifland had been called Nivaria , from the
Between this and the Watering-place, are
two little Forts ; which, with fome Batteries
fcattered along the Coaft, command the Road,
ftill farther fecured by two other Forts s, that
defend the Town ; being a fmall Place without
Walls, and fronting the Sea.
The Houfes (in Number about two hundred)
are all of Stone, three Stories high, built ftrong,
and covered with Pantile. The beft Buildings in
it, are the Church, and two Convents h.
But all could not fecure the Spanijh Galleons
* More properly, St. Cbriftoval de la Laguna , or St. Cbrijiopber of the Lake. b Thefe ^ three are the
principal Blands, at leaft, in Fertility, and lie in the Middle between the other four. Beecbnan s Voyage to
Borneo, p. 4. iff fqq- c See Purchases Pilgrimage, p. 785. d D ampler was told, that Oratava was
bigger than Laguna , and had many Convents; but only one Church : The fame called by hicols, Larotavai
by others, Lauratava. Pere Feuil/ee, Augujl 26, in 1 724’ made feveral Obfervations of the Longitude in this
•Jiland. He found the Meridian Diilance between Oratava and Toulon, twenty-two Degrees twenty- three Minutes :
Confequently from Paris eighteen Degrees forty-eight Minutes; and from Ferro, one Degree twelve Minutes, Eaft.
The fame Author found it to lie five Minutes Eaft of Laguna. e Durret fays, about a Mile. . > Juft op-
pofite to Santa Cruz, there is another Harbour, which they call la Rota ; the reft of the Ifland is environed by
inaccefiible Rocks. Dellon' s Voyage to the Eajl Indies, Suppl. p. 6. 8 Dtllon, in his Voyage to th tEaJt
Indies, Suppl. p. 6. fays, that the principal Fort has four Baftions, and commands the Town called Santa Cruz,
where is the fafell Landing in the whole Ifland. On the Coaft Northward, there are thiee other fmall Forts »
and on the South-Side is a Caftle with round Towers, and two fmall Forts before the Town, which defend it on
that Side. Durret agrees with this Account ; only befides the three Forts, he mentions another, m Form ot
a Tower. h Here are three Monafteries of the Dominicans, Carmelites , and Augufiincs ; befides three Nun -
neries. There is alfo the beft Hermitage in the World, through which runs the Water of a Spring whic erves
the Town, and comes from the neighbouring Mountains. Durret' s Voyage to Lima, p. 74.
Zzz 2
from
Voyages to the Coasts and Islands of Africa!
a Mountains,, from whofe Foot iffues out a Spring c
of frefh cool Water, which is conveyed over the
Plain in Stone Pipes raifed upon Pillars, to a Con- 1
duit On the Side of the Town, And near the
54° /
1560. from Admiral Blake , though they hauled in clofe
Nicois. under the main Fort, the Walls of which then
carried the Marks of his Shot. Wrecks of the
Galleons lay there in fifteen Fathom, with the
greater Part of the Plate. He cannonaded the
Town alfo, and did it a great deal of Damage.
Laguna City. About three Miles off, up a pretty fteep Hill,
lies Laguna a. The Land on each Side the Road is
rocky, yet relieved with fome Spots of green flour¬
ishing Corn. Thefe were terminated with fmall
Vineyards on the Sides of the Mountains, inter¬
mixed with abundance of wafte rocky Land, pro¬
ducing nothing but Dildo-Bufhes b.
The Town makes a very agreeable Profpedl,
as it ftands upon the Side of a Hill, and ftretches
its Skirts on the Plain behind. It is pretty large,
and well compared. The Houfes are built like
thofe in Santa Cruz , and though not uniform,
yet look pleafant enough. There are feveral
Gentlemens Houfes handfomely built j as alfo two
Nunneries, an Hofpital, four Convents, (of their
Saints Aujlin , Dominic , Francis , and Diego , or
"James ) fome Chapels, and two Parifh Churches,
with pretty high fquare Steeples, which top the
reft of the Buildings. The Streets are fpacious,
and tolerably handfome, though not regular ; and
the Whole is fet off with a large Parade in the
Heart of the Town, furrounded with good Build-
1560.
Nicolj.
Fine Situa¬
tion,
ings.
Many of the Houfes are rendered more agree¬
able by Gardens, laid out in Parterres, of Salad-
ding and Flowers, bordered round with Orange,
Lime, and other Fruit Trees. The Situation is
very pleafant in this Refpedl, and might tempt
them to make great Improvements : For as the
Town ftands high from the Sea, and open to the
Eaft, it has the Benefit of the true Trade-Wind,
which is commonly fair j fo that they feldom mifs
the Refrefhment of a brifk cooling Breeze all
Day long, which comes over the Plain, that lies
on the Back of it, and is about four Miles long,
and half as broad : The Grafs of which, at that
Time, had as fine a Verdure as the Englijh Mea¬
dows in May . This is bounded to the Weft with
other Side, to the Eaft, ftands a natural Lake d,
or Pond of frefh Water, half a Mile in Circuit ;
which not only fupplies the Cattle, but is covered
in the Winter-time with feveral Sorts of wild
Fowl, affording Plenty of Game to the Inhabi¬
tants of the Town j called Laguna from this Lake,
b Upon theWhole, conftdering the Situation, its large
Profpedt to the Eaft, (for from hence, you fee
the Grand Canaria) its Gardens, cool Arbors,
pleafant Plain, green Fields, the Pond, and A-
quedudf, and its refrefhing Breezes, it” is a very
delightful Habitation ; efpecialiy for fuch who
have not much Bufinefs far from Home : For it
is very troublefome travelling in ftony, uneven
Road, amongft fteep and craggy Mountains, up¬
on Mules or Affes, which are ufed alfb for Car-
c riage.
From this Town, to the South-Weft, you
may fee a fmall piked Hill overlooking the reft,
which is the famous Pico e ; but feems very in-
confiderable in this View, by reafon of the Near-
nefs of the adjacent Mountains.
To this agreeable Account, given by Dampier ,
we fhall add another, not inferior to it, from
the Obfervations of Sir Edmund Scory , as related
by Purcbas.
e The Road from the Port of Santa Cruz , to
the Ciudad de Laguna , (fays the Knight) lies up
a fteep Hill. The City is beautifully fituated in
the Middle of a Plain, ten Miles in Compafs,
enclofed with high Mountains on all Sides, ex¬
cept to the North-Weft, lying upon a Flat feven
Leagues in Length to the Sea.. The Vapours ex¬
haling from thence, being circulated among theRefreJbing
intricate Mountains, raife a Wind, which often Windt.
refrefhes the City from this Quarter ; beginning
f at twelve o’Clock. at Noon, and holding till
Night, though it blows at the fame Time full
South -Eaft at Sea. This North -Weft Breeze
ufually comes on at twelve o’Clock at Noon,
a The fame Pere Feuillee, by Obfervation of the Satellites, in July and September , 1724, found this City to be
fituate twenty-two Degrees twenty-eight Minutes Weft, of Toulon, confequently five Minutes Weft of Orata<va,
and one Degree feven Minutes Eaft of Ferro. b Thefe feem.to be the poifonous Canes mentioned by
Nicois. c This is the Spring mentioned by Durret in the laft Note : But Dellon alfo takes Notice of it.
He adds farther, that the Water is kept cool by very high Trees round the Spring-head, and that the Hills all
about are thick fet with Orange, Citron, and Pomegranate-Trees, whofe Fruits, covered the Ground under
them : That there was a very pleafant Wildernefs on the Foot of the Mountain, near one Side of which the.
Spring- water falls down the Hill with a pleafant Murmur ; and gathering below in a Channel, runs for four
Leagues and an half through the Plain : Whence, in an Aquedud, it is conveyed for half a League, to the
Diftance of two hundred Paces off the City, into two Cifterns. Dellon s V oyage to Eaft India , Suppl. p. 6. .
d There is alfo near the City upon a Hill a fmall Lake, furrounded with other Hills, which fupplies the Cattle
belonging to the Inhabitants. See Dellon, ubi Jupr. e Pere Feuillee found the Pike to lie twenty-two
Degrees twenty nine Minutes thirty Seconds Weft of Toulon-: Confequently it muft be Weft of Laguna one Mi¬
nute thirty Seconds ; and Eaft of Ferro one Degree five Minutes. The Latitude is twenty-eight Degrees thirty
Minutes.
die.
falcm.
Description of the
,1^60. and holds till Night, which is cool enough, on a
Nicols.* account of the great Dews then falling. Their
Houfes are built with ordinary rough Stone, two
or three Stories high at moft, and generally but
one in the Skirts of the City ; and they have no
Chimneys, not even in their Kitchens, in which
they make only a flat Hearth againft a Wall, and
there toaft their Meat, rather than roaft it. The
Town is well laid out, and the Streets very
(freight. It has no Walls round, but is well fupplied
with Water, and takes its Name from a great b
Lake at the Weft- End of it, upon which there
are commonly divers Sorts of fre(h Water Fowls.
I c a n N o t , fays Sir Edmund, forbear mentioning
the haggard Falcons that foar every Evening about
this Lake. It is very good Dive rfion to fee the Ne¬
gros fight them with Slings, for they (loop often,
and feveral at a time; and, befides, are the ftrong-
eft and belt mettled Hawks in the World, of a
larger Kind than the Barbary Falcons. The Vice-
Roy a being one Evening to fee this Sport, on c
the Author’s commending their Strength and
Mettle, allured him, upon his Honour, that a
Falcon, bred in that Ifland, which he had for¬
merly fent to the Duke of Lerma , did, at one
Flight, (unlefs (he refted on any Ships by the
Way) pafs from Andaluzia to 'Tenerife, (which
is two hundred and fifty Spanijh Leagues) and
was there taken-up half dead, with the Duke s
Varvels on. The Time of her going-out, to
her being taken-up, exceeded not fixteen Hours b. d
This famous Pike, or Pico c, of Tenerife, be¬
fore-mentioned is, in the common Opinion of
Authors, the higheft known Hill in the World.
Linfchoten fays, it may be feen fixty Miles d at
Sea : That it can be climbed only in July and
Auguft, being full of Snow all other Months, al¬
though there be no Snow in other Places there¬
abouts e. That it is three Days Journey up ;
and that from the Top, which is flat, all the
ether Iflands may be feen : Alfo, that from it e
much Brimftone is carried into Spain, of which
the Author had a Piece given him by a Skipper f.
Beeckman fays, it (lands towards the Middle of
the Ifland, rifing like a Pyramid, or rather a
Canary Islands. 541
Suo-ar-Loaf; but that he could not fee the Top, 1560.
becaufe of the Clouds Atkins calls it, a pyra- Nicofo
midal Heap of rough Rocks*, piled thus (it
thought by Naturalifts) from fome fubterraneous
Conflagration that burft out heretofore h.
Authors differ no lefs with regard to the
Height of the Pike \, than the Diftance of its
Appearance at Sea 1 But by an Obfervation made
upon the Barometer, the Quick-Silver was found
to have funk eleven Inches at the Fop of all the
Hill, viz. from twenty-nine to eighteen ; which,
by Dr. Halley’s Tables, anfwers to about two
Miles and a quarter k. This Computation pretty
well agrees with Beeckman, who makes the per¬
pendicular Height two Miles and an half. He
alfo obferves, that the Dutch place their firft
Meridian there h
DA MP1ER obferves, that Tenerife abounds Produce of
with Wheat, Barley, and Maize, which they tht
often tranfport abroad, and exceeds the reft in
Plenty of all fuch Kinds of Provifion, Fruits,
and Flowers, as grow upon any of them m.
Captain Roberts faw here a great Coral Tree, .
perhaps the largeft (fays he) yet known in the
World 11 . Durret, befides the Dragon Tree and
Aloes Plant, mentions the Pine as a Native of
Tenerife. This laft Tree yields a certain Gum
or Pitch, which they extract in this Manner :
They lay the cleft Wood crofs-ways over a Pit,
and then fet fire to them at Top, which forces
the Pitch to run out below °.
This Ifland produces three Sorts of excellent Rich fftmr
Wines, Canary, Malmfey , (or rather Malvafta)
and Verdona ; Which may all go under the De¬
nomination of Sack. Beeckman obferves, that the
Vines, which yield the Canary, are faid to have
been tranfplanted hither from the Rhine by the
Spaniards, in the Reign of Charles the Fifth, Em¬
peror of Germany, and King of Spain ; where,
meeting with a happier Soil, inftead. of (harp
Rhenijh, they produce that fweet delicious W me
vended all over Europe : Infomuch, that fome re¬
late fifteen or fixteen thoufands Tuns have been
yearly tranfported into England only p. Dampier ,
le Maire, and after him Durret , fays, Tenerife
. .Other Authors caU hhn only Governor Genera,. , > ShJW
Pilgrimage, p. 785. c £ome wntten Pfue- hundred and twenty, and fometimes three hundred
Durret, fixty. Herbert fays it is feen, in clear Weath , X . forty-eight Leagues off at
Miles off. Purchas fays Thomas Siam, a Friend of ^ joH him, he ; ha d ^ ^Y and flfty.
Sea in clear Weather. The fame Author adds, in the Marg , Y J d ith Snow, which never
See Purchas' s Pilgrimage, p. 783. f r . ' LeMa^re « is conUnually covered & w
falls off, nor ever freezes. Linfchoten s \ oyage, chap. $ ) -P- / 7 Herbert fays, it is accounted
Borneo, p. 4. & fw h ^ins S Voyage to Guinea, p. 30. _ four Miles and five
fifteen Miles high; Dellon and Durret 47812 Feet, which is a ovc M » m0re’exadt Account of the
Furlongs. - See the GmpUu Gerber par, , p. J4*. . 3. p. 3. ii fm.
Pike, we refer the Reader to the laft Sedtion of this Chapter. / Herbert fays, Tenerife
D See his Voyage to Cape V :rd Iflands, p. 4. 0 Durret s Voyage o |. ‘u 5ee his Voyage, />. 4.
exceeds Canaria in Grapes, yielding ever Year twenty-eight thoufand Butts
excels
Commodities
Jit to carry
tbitber.
Voyages to the Coasts
excels all the World in Malvafta Wine a. The
two laft add, that this Wdne was not known
there, till the Spaniards brought fome Plants from
Candia , which now produce more and better
VV ine than there is in Candia itfelf. This Wine
improves by Carriage. Daitipier mentions alfo
the Verdona , or Green Wine, which is of a
ilronger Body, and harfher than Canary ; but
keeps well in the IVeJi Indies b. It grows chiefly
on the Eaft-Side, and therefore is (hipped at Santa
Cruz , as the Canary is at Oratava , being made
on that Side c.
Wine cheap. DELLON takes Notice, that the Price of a
Pipe of Malvajia Wine is moft commonly not
above twenty Ducats. The Cuftom for Expor¬
tation is feventeen Ryals ; the whole Amount
therefore is about eighty-nine French Livres, and
a Pipe contains four hundred and eighty Pints
Paris, which is above an hundred Englijh Gal¬
lons. He adds, that they have great Plenty of
Money here, for which Reafon your foreign Mer¬
chants trade hither with very great Advantage.
The fame Author informs us, that the chief
Commodities for Sale here, are Swords, Piftols,
Knives, Combs, Clocks, Cloaks, black and grey
Broad-cloth, Ribands, and Linen Cloaths d.
Cold Mine, To compleat the Riches of Tenerife , we are
told, by Captain Roberts , that there is a Gold
Mine lying within the Point de Negos. On which
Occafion he obferves, that a poor Man, morehally
to get rich than his Neighbours, was taken up on
one of thefe golden Mountains with fuch Tools and
Inftruments about him as plainly (hewed what he
had been a hunting for ; and that fome Gold alfo
being found upon him, he was hanged but a few
Days before the Author’s Arrival e.
An ingenious Gentleman, who has made cu¬
rious Obfervations relating to the natural Hiftory
of Tenerife, publilhed by Do&or Sprat {, gives
the following Account of the Productions of that
Ifland.
He obferves, that the Vines, which pro¬
duce the excellent Wines peculiar to this Ifland,
all grow about the Coaft: within a Mile of the
Sea, luch as are planted farther-up in the Land,
not being efteemed ; nor will they thrive in any of
the other Iflands.
In fome Places of this Ifland grows a Shrub,
called Legnan , which is brought to England for
iweetWood. Here are likewife Apricots, Peach,
and Pear-Trees, that bear twice a Year : And
the Pregnada Lemon, which hath a fmall one
within it, from whence it takes its Name, is found
here. T hey have fome Cotton and Coloquintida.
• 1S 1x116 -^arn?> Malm fey the Corruption. b Where it is in great Efteem. c See Dam-
l'laJ ' °yaSeTs’ yo}m 3- P- 3* & fitf- d Delion's Voyage to Eajt India , Suppl. p. 6. e Roberts' s Voyage
to Cape FcrJia ands, p. 4. ‘ See his Hiftory of the Royal Society , p. 207. b5 feqa. Thefe Obfervations are in¬
serted m the kft SeCuon of tnis Chapter. % See Sprat's Hiftory of the Royal Society , p. 208. » See Sprat, ibid.
5 ‘ Authoy
The bejt
Vines.
Plants,
FLuiers.
and Islands of Africa.
a The Rofes blow at Chrifhnas. There are good
Carnations, and very large : But no Tulips will
thrive. Samphire covers the Rocks, and the
Ground abounds in Clover. Another Grafs grows
near the Sea of a broader Leaf, fo lufeious and
rank, that it will kill a Horfe ; yet is not fo per¬
nicious to other Beads. Eighty Ears of Wheat
have been found to fpring from one Root : The
Grain of this Kind is tranfparent like the pureft
yellow Amber ; and in a good Year one Bufhel
b of Seed had yielded a hundred s.
The Canary Birds, which are brought to Eng - Birds ,
land, breed in the Baranco's, or Channels, made by
the Water pouring down from the Mountains, and
are very cold. Here are alfo Quails, Partridges,
larger than thofe in England , and exceeding beau¬
tiful; great Wood-Pigeons, Turtles in theSpring:
Crows and fometimes the Falcons fly from the
Coaft of Barbary . Bees profper in the Moun¬
tains exceedingly. The wild Goats climb up
c fometimes to the very Top of the Pico. They
have Hogs likewife, and great Numbers of Rab¬
bits.
Of Fifh, there is the Cherna very large, and Fijh.
of a finer Relifh than any in England. The
Mero, Dolphins, Sharks ; Lobfters, which have
no great Claws ; Mufcles, Periwinkles, and the
Clacas, which is abfolutely the very beft Shell-
Fifti in the World : They grow in the Rocks,
five or fix under one great Shell, through the
d Top Holes of which they peep out with their
Nebs ; by which, the Shells being a little more
broken open, they are drawn out. There is alfo
another Sort of Fifli like an Eel, which has fix
or feven Tails of a Span long, joined to one Body
and Head, about the fame Length. Befides thefe,
they have Turtles and Cabrido’s, which are better
than our Trouts h.
SANTA CRUZ is a Haven lying on the
North-Eaft Side ; befides which, there are three
e fine Cities, St. Chrijloval de la Laguna, Oratava,
and Garrachico.
To the above Remarks of later Authors, we
fhall fubjoin that of Sir Edmund Scory already
cited, who was in Tenerife about the Beginning
of the feventeenth Century, and has given a bet¬
ter Account of the Whole, than any fince.
The Ifland is parted in the midfl: with a Soil.
Ridge of Mountains, and looks, in this RefpeCt,
not much unlike the Roof of a Church, having
f the Pike for a Steeple. If you divide it into
twelve Parts, ten of them are taken up in im-
paflable rocky Hills, Woods, or Vineyards ; the Re¬
mainder being only arable Land : And yet, as the
*
1560.
Nicoli.
ir.e,
■uiti.
rttl.
Description of the
Author faw, on their Account, in 1582, five a
thoufand two hundred Hannacks of Wheat were
’gathered, befides infinite Store of Rice and Barley.
Four Hannacks and an half make one Quarter
Englijh. It is a rich Soil, and with proper Tillage,
would bear every thing that is valuable and rare.
The Vineyards are chiefly in Buena Vijla,
Dante , Oratana , Tiguefe ; and efpecially the
Ramble , which produces the beft Wine of all.
There are two Sorts, viz. Vidonia and Malvafia .
Vidonia comes from a long Grape, and is a hea- b
vierWine: The Malvafia from a large round
Grape ; and this is tranfported all over the
World. It never fours with Heat, nor freezes
into Ice with Cold.
For Fruits there is no where to be found
fairer or better Melons, Pomegranates, Pome-
citrons, Figs, Oranges, Lemons, Almonds and
Dates, Honey, and confequently Wax, and Silk
excellent good ; in which Commodity, if culti¬
vated, they would foon exceed either Florence or
Naples. c
T H E North-Side abounds with Woods as
well as Water. There grow the Cedar, Cyprefs,
and Bay-Tree, the wild Olive, Maftic, and
Savine, with beautiful Palm and Pine-Trees, very
tall and ftrait. In the Paflage between Ora¬
tana and Garrachico , you ride through a whole
Foreft of them, which perfume the Air with
their Odour. There is abundance of them all
over the Ifland, and all the Wine-Cafks and
Immortal
ine-T^ce.
Wooden Utenfils are made of this Wood. Be¬
fides the ftrait Pine, there is another Sort which
grows fpreading like Englijh Oaks : This they call
the Immortal Tree , becaufe it never rots nei¬
ther below Ground, nor in the Water. It is
almoft as red as Brafil Wood, and as hard, but
not fo un&uous as the other Pine. Of thefe
fome are fo big, that the Spaniards aver it for a
Truth, that the whole Roof of the Church los
Remedtos in Laguna , eighty Foot long, and forty-
eight broad, was entiiely made out of one of e
them.
it Draco. But the Tree Draco excels all the reft. The
Trunk is very thick, and rifes vaftly high, the
Bark being like the Scales of a Dragon [or Ser¬
pent,] whence he fuppofes it had its Name. The
Branches ifluing all from the Top are wove in
Pairs like the Mandragoras. They are formed as
round and fmooth as a Man’s Arm, the Leaves a-
bout two Foot long, and like thofe of Englijh green
wild Water-feggs, growing as it were out of the f
Fingers. It is not of a woody Subftance within the
Bark, but confifts only of a light fpungy Pith, with
Canary Islands.
which they commonly make Bee-hives. Towards
the Full of the Moon, it fweats out a clean Vermi-
lian Gum, which they call Sangre de Duico , -
better and far more aftringent than what comes
from Goa and the Eajl Indies , which the "Jews
adulterate at the Rate of four to one3.
As to the Inhabitants, le Maire fays, Tenerife DbMtantt.
is the beft peopled for its Bignefs of any Ifland in
the Ocean, containing about fifteen thoufand In¬
habitants. Darnpier goes farther, for, according
to him, it was reported, the Ifland could raife
twelve thoufand Men with proper Anns and Ac¬
coutrements. As to the Spani/h Inhabitants, Del-
Ion (and fince, perhaps after him, Durret) ob-
ferves, that the People of Quality and Subftance
are very affable and courteous: But the vulgar
Sort, like thofe in Spain , very proud and lazy, there
being fcarce a handy-craft Fellow, but with his
great Sword by his Side, (which he wears as well
at home as abroad) will rather ftarve, or at leaft
take up with Pulfe and Roots, than ftep out to
fetch any thing better, though there be wild Fowl
in great Plenty. The fame Author farther taxes
Notice, that the Women wear Veils, but have
a Way of fquinting through them with one
Eye b.
For this poor Account of the Inhabitants from
late Authors, we (hall, in a following Sedlion,
make the Reader Amends with a curious Rela¬
tion concerning the Guanchos , or Guanches , from
an old Author already quoted.
SECT. III.
The IJlands of Gomera, Palma, Hiero, or Ferro,
Lanzarota, and Fuerteventura.
III. Gomera c.
Its Extent. Gomera Town and Port. Orchel,
its only Commodity. Situation.
THE Ifland ftands Weftward from Tenerijfe, lu Extent,
at fix Leagues Diftance. It is but a fmall
Ifland, being no more than eight Leagues in
Length ; yet an Earldom *. But in cafe of Contro-
verfy, the VafTals of the Earl of Gomera have an
Appeal to the King’s Judges, who refide (as
above-mentioned) in Canaria.
Here is one good Town, called Gomera d, Gomera
which hath an excellent Port, or Harbour, for
Ships, where the Indian Fleet often take-in Re-
frefhment for their Voyage e. There is alfo Grain
and Fruit fufficient for Support of its Inhabitants,
and one Ingenio , or Sugar-Work ; with great
Plenty of Wine, and other Sorts of Fruits, fuch
a See Sir Edmund Scory' s Obferv. in Purchas' s Pilgrimage, p. 785. Dellm and Dun e , « J j P •
* Or, la Gomera. * Sir Richard Hawkins fays, it lies on the Eaft-Side. See his Voyage to t ie " 01J J , y
Jnno 1593. p. 24. « There is a fine, large frefh Water River about three Leagues boumwar 1
Town, ibid. p. 25.
-
544 Voyages io the Coasts and Islands of Africa.
j.560. as Canaria and Tenerife produce. This Ifland a
Nicols. yieldeth no other Commodity, but only Orchel :
ftandeth in twenty-feven a Degrees. North.
Orchel* 1
IV. Ife of Palma b.
Its Extent. City Palma. Palm Wine. A Vol¬
cano.
Extent. V ]pH I S Ifland is twelve Leagues diftant from
Gomera Northweftward c. It lies round, t
being, in Circuit, near twenty-five Leagues.
It abounds in Wine and Sugar. It hath a
.■City Palma, handfome City d, called Palma , where there is a
great Trade in Wines for the Wef Indies , and
other Parts. This City hath one fair Church,
and a Governor, and Aldermen to adminifter
Juftice. This Ifland hath alfo another pretty
Town, called St. Andrews : Here are four Inge¬
nious, which make excellent Sugar ; two of them
are called Zauzes , and the other two Tafacort : 1
But the Land yields but little Corn, with which
the Inhabitants are fupplied from Tenerijfe , and
other Places.
Palm Wine. Suppl.] Their beft Vines grow in a Soil
called the Brenia , where there is made yearly
twelve thoufand Butts of Wine, like Malmfy. It
has great Store of all fuch Sorts of Fruits, as Ca¬
naria and Tenerijfe have, and Plenty of Cattle e.
A Volcano. About the Year 1652, there broke out a<
Volcano on this Ifland, with fo violent an Earth¬
quake, that it was felt at Tenerijfe : Where the
Noife of the flaming Brimftone was heard like
Thunder by the Gentleman who gave the Ac¬
count, as well as others > and the Flame feen for
fix Weeks together as plain by Night as a Candle
in the Room. A great Quantity of the Afhes and
Sand were alfo carried fo far as to that Ifland f.
V. The If and of Iron, called Hiero s.
Its Extent and Site. Wonderful Tree : Its Size.
Supplies the ivhole Ife with Water. Supplied it- 1 ^5©.
felp by others. Treated as a FiStion by le Maire. Nicol$.
Many Trees , not one. Produce of the Ife. A Vol-
can 0. Fabulous If and of Borondon.
THIS Ifland ftands two Leagues diftant Exurt and
from Palma Weft ward. It is but fmall,5'^
about fix Leagues in Circuit, and belongs to the
Earl of Gomera. It is fituate in the Latitude of
twenty-feven Degrees h.
The chief Commodities of this Place are
Goats Flefh and Orchel. There was never a
Vineyard upon the Ifland but one, which was
planted by an Englijhman of Taunton in the W eft,
whofe Name was John Hill.
It has no frefh Water, but what comes from w<mderfil
the Sky, which is gathered in the following Man- Tree.
ner : In the Middle of the Ifland ‘ grows a great
Tree, with Leaves like an Olive. This Tree is
conftantly covered with Clouds, by which Means
the Leaves drop very fweet and wholefome Water
into a great Ciftern, which is built under the
Tree. The Water thus caught not only ferves
all the Wants of the People, but there is enough
alfo for the Cattle k.
Suppl.] Moft Travellers agree, in the main,**#**
with our Author, in refpedf to this Tree ; and far
from diminilhing that Wonder, have added Par¬
ticulars, which ferve to increafe it. Some ob-
ferve, that it is about two Fathom thick in the
Trunk ', forty Feet in Height, and extends its
Branches round to the Diameter of an hundred
and twenty m. Dapper writes, (but from what Au¬
thority does not mention) that the Mifts or
Clouds n, which cover the Tree at all Times,
except the hotteft Part of the Day, caft fo great
a Dew upon it, that the Leaves continually drop
clearWater, to the Quantity of twenty Tuns in Supply tb
a Day ; which falls into two Stone Cifterns °, TP mti
each twenty Foot fquare, and fixteen Hands deep, ^aler‘
made for that Purpofe, on the North-Side of the
Tree. He adds, that the Inhabitants call this
* The North Part of Gomera ftands in eight Degrees by our Chart. b Or, la Palma. c Rather,
ahnoft due North by our Chart. d Sir Richard Hawkins placeth it on the Eaft-Side, ibid. p. 25.
e The Complete Geographer , part 2. p. 221. f See the Relation of the Pico of Tenerife, in Sprat's
Hiftory of the Royal Society, p.201. 8 So the Spaniards call it, or rather Hierro ; the Portuguese,
Fie t ro ; and the Italians , Ferro. h Its Latitude is marked in our Chart thirty Minutes greater ; and its
Longitutae was found, by Pere Feuillee, to be juft twenty Degrees Weft of the Obfervatory at Paris, the fame
as M. de V Ife had determined it before from the Journals of Voyages. The French Geographers are obliged to
draw the firft Meridian through this Ifland, by Order of Lewis the Thirteenth. 1 Peter Martyr fays,
it grows on the higheft Bank of the Ifland, Decad. 1. p. 12. k Dapper fays, it has alfo fupplied Ships
that have put in there by Accident. 1 Beeckman, p. 7. m Durret's Voyage to Lima, ubi jupr.
n Linfchoten fays, it is covered with a fmall Cloud, which always is of the fame Form, and neither alters
nor diminiihes. See his Voyages, p. 177. 0 Linfchoten fays, there are many Cifterns under and about
the Tree to receive this Water, which is clear, light, and fine, ibid. The Commentator, on the firft
Dutch Eaf India Voyage, in 1 594, agrees exadtly with Linfchoten, whom he feems to have copied, excepting
that, inftead of Cifterns to receive the Water, he fays, the Inhabitants come and catch it in little Pails ; and this
is conformable to the Cut given of this Tree by de Bry.
3
Tree
D e s c R IP T I o tt of the (
1 ''60. Tree Garoe ; and the Spaniards , Santo, or Holy : a
tilcois. That it is of a competent Size, and has Leaves
-■V— always green, like the Laurel, but not much
bigger than thofe of a Nut-Tree % and a Fruit
like an Acorn in the Shell, with a very fweet and
fpicy Kernel : For better Prefervation, it is in-
clofed with a Stone Wall.
The fame Author relates farther, that when
the Spaniards , at the Conqucft of this Ifland,
found no Springs, Wells, nor Rivers, of fnih—
Water, the Natives told them, that they pre- b
ferved the Rain-Water in Veflels : For they had
concealed the Tree, covering it with Canes,
Earth, and other Things, in hopes the Spaniards ,
by this Means, would be forced to leave the Ifland.
But this did not long remain a Secret ; for a
Woman difcovered it to her Spanijh Gallant b.
\ppiied ly Most Authors, with Mr. Nicols, make only
an. one Tree concerned in colle&ing the Waters;
but Sir Ri hard Hawkins introduces a great Num¬
ber to ferve that Purpofe. He tells us, that the c
Tree {bands in a Valley, furrounded by a thick
Wood of lofty Pines; which, being {haded from
the Sun, a great Part of the Day, by the high
Mountains, to the South-Eaft, the Vapours and
Exhalations riling out of the Valley gather into a
Cloud or thick Mi ft, which falls in Dew upon
the Pines ; and from them to this "Free in the
Bottom, and fo into a Ciftern or Bafon built
round the Foot of it : This affords great Relief
to the People as well as the Cattle. But, how- 1
ever, the main Supply in this Article depends
• upon the Rain, which they catch with great Dili¬
gence, and referve in Cifterns and Tynafes c.
Although Sir Richard's Account differs in
this Refpedb from that of other Authors, yet it
{bill allows, that there is fuch a Tree which fup-
plies the Ifland with Water : But there is one
Traveller who denies the very Exiftence of it ;
1 and treats this Account, which others have deli-
lilm. 01 %ered fo ferioufly, as a Fidbion. This is le Maine ,
already quoted, who made a Voyage to the Canary
Iflands, &c. in 1682. As he had formerly heard
of this miraculous Tree, when he was there he
inquired into the Truth of it, mentioning the
Particulars as above related ; and the Inhabitants,
he tells us, confirmed him in the Opinion he had
before entertained of it, that it was a mere Fa¬
ble d. It may be objected, perhaps, to this Ac¬
count of le Ala ire , that the Inhabitants he made
Canary Islands. 545
his Inquiry of, were thofe of ‘ Tenerijje , and not of r 560.
Ferro itfelf ; and that what immediately follows Nicols.
proves the Fa£b in the main, viz. that fome of
the Inhabitants informed him, that there was
fuch a Sort of Trees in the Ifland ; but that they Mar-y lrea>
never furnilhed fuch a prodigious Quantity OiKt ine'
Water as was pretended c.
The Authors already cited fpeak from Hear-
fay. We {hall, in the laff Place, infert the Ac¬
count of one Lewis Jachfon , who pafles for an
Eye-Witnefs. This Pcrton told Purchase that
he faw this Tree, in 1618, when lye was upon
the Ifland ; that it is as big as an Oak, and has a
Bark as hard as Timber, fit for Beams; that it i»
fix or feven Yards high, with ragged Boughs,
and a Leaf like a Bay-Tree, but white on the
under Side. It bears neither Flower nor Fruit ;
is fituate on the Side of a Hill ; looks withered in
the Day, and drops in the Night, (a. Cloud
f then hanging upon it) yielding W ater enough
for the whole Ifland, both Men and Cattle, being
(as he was told) eight thoufand Perfons, and one
hundred thoufand Bsafts g. The Water is con¬
veyed in Leaden Pipes from the Tree to a large
Refervoir, (containing twenty thoufand Tuns)
walled round with Brick, and floored with Stone,
from whence it is conduced (being carried up Hill
in Barrels) to feveral lefler Cifterns all through the
Ifland. The great Bafon contains twenty thou¬
fand Tuns; and yet is filled every Night h. Upon
the Whole, although we Ihould be very unwil¬
ling to rejedb the Teftimony of one who profef-
fes to fpeak from his own Knowledge, with re¬
gard to a Matter which is not impoffible to be
true, yet it muff; be confefled, le Maine's Account
feems to us moft probable, fince it is much eafter
to conceive, how the Ifland might be fupplied by
feveral Trees growing in different Parts of it,
than by a fingle Tree. It may likewife be afked,
how the Inhabitants could have been always fup-
. plied by the fame Tree ? or, what they will do
for want of Water when that Tree fails? Lin -
fchoten , indeed, fays, that there is Water to be had
in fome Places towards the Sea-Coaft ; but that it
is fo hard to come at, that it is of little Ufe to the
Inhabitants ; and that the Soil is fo dry, that there
is not a Drop of Water to be met with all over the
Ifland beffdes, except at the faid Tree ’.
The fame Author fays al(o, that the Ifland is Produflimt
unfruitful and barren. However, others, fince <f tbe
a Linfchoten fays, the Leaves are fmall and long, and ever green, ibid. b Dapper's Account or the Canary
Hands, in his Defcription of Africa. c Hawkins' s Voyage to the South Sea, p. 25. ‘‘ See le Main' s
Voyage to the Canary Hands, Cape Verd, Sec. p. 28. e Idem, ibid. r Purchas obkives, tnat tne
fame Kind of Trees grow in St. Thomas: With this Difference, however, if we believe S amt us , that thole are
continually covered with a Cloud, which comes upon thefe not till Afternoon, and is dhperfed again two Lours
before Day ; after which, the Trunk, Boughs, and Leaves 01 the Iree, fweat out this Liquor till two Hours
after Sun-rifing. Pilgrimage, p. 783. g Purchas obferves, that Sir Edmund Scory heard of a much Jefs
Number. h See Purchas' s Pilgrimage , p. 784. ‘ Linfchoten, uli fupra. Barbed fays, this 1 ree is
now known to be a Fiction. See Churchill's Colletiion, Vol. 5. p. 525.
Vol. I. N° 26. 4 A- hc
C4.6 Voyages to the Coasts
V «
1/560. he wrote, inform us, that this Ifland produces
Nicolf. fome Corn and Sugar-Canes, Plenty of Fruit
and Plants; befides good Store of Cattle, which
furnifh the Inhabitants with Milk and Cheefe.
ji Volcano. We muft not forget to take Notice of a Vol¬
cano upon it, which fometimes has Irruptions:
It was feen for five Days in November , 1677, and
again in 1692 a, fix Weeks together, when it
broke out with Earthquakes b.
VI. IJland of Lanzarota.
Extent and Site. Taken by the Earl of Cumber¬
land, in 1596. City and Ports. The Englifh
land ; take the Cajlle. The Town clefcribed. Old
Inhabitants.
Sxtcnt ard rj~\ HE Ifland lies in twenty-fix Degrees of
S** A Latitude0, eighteen Leagues from Grand
Canaria , South-Eaftward ; and is in Length
twelve Leagues. The only Commodity here was
Goats Flefh and Orchel. It is an Earldom, and
belongs to Don Augujiino de Herrera , as Earl of
Fuerteventura and Lanzarota. But the Vaflals of
all thefe Earldoms have, in Cafe of any Griev¬
ance, an Appeal to the King’s Judges, who re-
fide in Canaria, as is already obferved. From
this Ifland there go weekly to Canaria, Tencriffe,
and Palma , Boats laden with dried Goats Flefh,
called Tujfmetta ; which is ufed inftead of Bacon,
and is very good Meat.
'taienbytbe Suppl.] This Ifland is about thirteen Leagues
SogliOh from North to South, nine in Breadth, and forty
in Circuit d. It was taken by the Englijb, under
the Command of one Leonidas % Earl of Cum¬
berland, Anno 1596; after which it was bet¬
ter fortified f. Gramaya , in his Defcription of
Africa , places the City Cayas here ; which, to¬
gether with the Ifland, was pillaged by the Alge¬
rines, who carried away Captive fourteen hun¬
dred and fixty-eight Men.
GUy and There is on the Bland, a City of the
Sirtf. fame Name;, and, lower down, on the Eaftesn
Coaft thereof, two Ports ; one called Puerto de
Ha os, or the Port of Ships. The other, Puerto
de Cavallos, or of Horfes. They are bad Ha¬
vens, and about a Cannon-fhot afunder. The
iirft of them, which is deepeft, goes between two
Ledges of Rocks, the Channel being uneven and
jwcky ; fo that if a Ship Ihould ftrike, it would
prefently be broken. There are no Houfes near
the Ports ; only at Cavallos , there is a little
and Islands of Africa.
Church. They go from thence, between the 1560.
Mountains, to the Town ; which is three Leagues Nico's.
diflant.
Having mentioned the taking of Lanzarota ,
by the Earl of Cumberland, we fhall fubjoin an
Account of that Aftion, accompanied with a
Defcription of the Place, and the ancient Inha¬
bitants ; taken from the Accounts of the Puerto
Rico Voyage : Written, one by the Earl him-
felf; the other by Dr. Lay field, his Chaplain ; as
given us by Purchas s.
On Thurfday, the thirteenth ok April, 1596, Jhe Engliffe
they had Sight of Alegranza , the moll Northerly lar •
of the Canaries ; and, foon after, they deferied
three Hills or Iflands, called the Grange. Leav¬
ing all to the Weft, in the Afternoon they came
up°with Lanzarota ; and next Morning anchored
in a Road, which bears Eaft South-Eaft of the
Ifland, near a dangerous Ledge of Rocks h.
The Earl, having been informed, that the
Marquis, who was Lord both of fchis Ifland and
Fuerteventura , refided in the chief Town here,
and was pofiefled of Riches, to the Value of
one hundred thoufand Pounds, difpatched Sir John
Berkely, his Lieutenant-General, (being- himfelf a
little out of order) with a Force of between five
and fix hundred Men to attack theTown ; which
was ten Miles at leaft from their landing Place.
The Way they went, in their Opinion, was the
neareft ; but a very bad Road, full of loofe Stones
[ and Sand. When they arrived at the Town,
they found it deferted by the Inhabitants, who
had carried off almoft every Thing : However,
they found good Store of excellent Wine and
Cheefe. From hence Sir John fent a Detachment
to the Caftle, a ftrong Hold lying up Hill about
half a Mile off the Town ; where eighty or an
hundred Spaniards and Iflanders, who were in and Iah tie
about it, flying on their Approach, they entered,^-
and found above a dozen Brafs Guns, the ledft
e Safes ; but moft Culverins, and Demi-culverin*, all
difmounted. ; and vaft Heaps of Stones laid in the
moft advantageous Places. It was built of hewn
Stone, and flanked very ftrongly and fkilfully,
both for Offence and Defence ; with this remark¬
able Contrivance, that the Port or Entrance into
it was raifed about a Pike’s Length from the
Ground ; fo that if they had drawn in their
Ladder, twenty Men might have kept it againft
five hundred.
f The Town confifted of upwards of one hun- Town it-
dred Houfes, ail poor Buildings, generally but offir,ttdt
one Story, covered only with Canes or Straw laid
a This fame Year happened the great Earthquake, which fwallowed up the Town o £ Port Royal , in Jamaica.
b Joint's Voyage to Guinea, Ac. p. 30. £ Perhaps a Miftake of the Prefs, for twenty-nine Degrees. Oar
Chart places it thirty Minutes more Northerly. d Beeckman' s Voyage to Borneo, p. 4. e it Ihould be
George { Herbert, ubi.fupra, p. 5, 8 Pilgrims, VoL 4. p. 1 1 5 1 and 1 1 55, & fiqq. “ Probably,
near the Port de Enos, or Camalloi.
^ upon
Id Ir.babi -
itfj.
Description of the
t$6o. upon a few Rafters, and over all a Coat of Dirt ; a
NcoK which, hardned by the Sun, became Shower
K"y'SJ Proof. There was a Church without ever a
Window ; the Light coming in at the Door only.
There was no Partition for a Chancel, but Stone
Seats along the Sides ; and at one End an Altar,
with the proper Furniture. The People feemed
full of the Romijh Superftition ; many Bulls and
Pardons being found in divers of the Houfes.
Here was alfo a Friary, then not finifhed, but
laid out in a pretty Square; with handfomer Gar- b
dens, and a better Supply of Water, than any
other Part of the Town ; not excepting the
Marquis’s Houfe itfelf. The Englifl) did not burn
or deftroy the Place ; but left Things here, as well
as at the Caftle, juft as they found them.
The Inhabitants were of a blackifh Com¬
plexion, very ftrong and active, generally tall,
and as fwift in that mountainous Country, almoft,
as their Camels; nor could the Englijh , whom
they attacked in their March, ever a come up c
with any of them. Their Arms are Pikes and
Stones ; and when you prefent a Piece to fire at
them, as foon as they perceive the Cock or Match
fall, ftreight they throw themfelves flat upon the
Ground ; and no fooner is the Report heard, but
they are up again, their Stones out of their Hands,
and charging with their Pikes, in a fcattered
Way, each by himfelf, they very much annoy a
regular Battalion.
The Ifland was thought to exceed the Ifle of d
JVight both in Length and Breadth. It ftretches
North-Eaft and South -Weft; it ftands in twenty-
eight Degrees and fome Minutes North ; and is
parted quite through (as the Apennines part Italy )
by a Ridge of Hills, ferving only to feed Goats
and Sheep, which they had pretty Store of ; as alfo
of Afles. But there were few Cattle, fewer Ca¬
mels, and feweft Gen nets ; and thofe too of no
great Stature. The Vallies were very dry and
fandy, fomewhat like Rye-Fields in England ; but e
yet they yielded tolerably good Barley and Wheat.
Their Harveft was that Year over before the
Middle of April ; and they expedted a fecond
about Michaelmas .
VII. The IJle of Forteventura b.
THIS Ifland ftands in the Latitude of twenty -
feven Degrees c, fifty Leagues from the Pro¬
montory of 'Gabo de Guer , on the Continent of f
Africa , and twenty-four Leagues diftant from
Canary Islands.
547
Canaria Eaftward. It is fifteen Leagues long, and \ $60.
ten broad ; and belongs to the Lord of Lanzarota. Nicols.
It produces good Plenty of Wheat and Bar- '*— •* v—
ley : Alfo of Kine, Goats, and Orchcl. But
neither this nor Lanzarota have any Quantity of
Wine of their own Growth.
On the North-Side lies a little Ifland, called
Gratiofa , about a League’s Diftance. The Gut
between is navigable for Ships of any Burthen.
Sup pl.] Its Length, from South -Weft to
North-Eaft, is about twenty-five Leagues; but
the Breadth is very irregular, for it confifts of
two Peninfulas, joined in the Middle by an Ifth-
mus, no more than four Leagues broad ; acrofs
which formerly there ranged a Wall. The Cir¬
cuit is near feventy Leagues, by Reafon of the
two Gulphs made by the Ifthmus d. With this
Defcription our Chart correfponds.
DAPPER fays, it has three Cities on the
Sea-Coaft, viz. Lanagla , Tarafalo , and Pozzt
Negro. On the North-Side there is a Haven,
called Chabras ; and another very commodious
one on the Weft. And between this Ifland and
Lanzarota there opens a fine Sound, big enough
to receive the largeft Fleet on a Rendezvous e ;
But the Coaft, at the North-Eaft End, is very
foul, with many Riffs that lie out, whereon the
Sea breaks exceedingly.
SECT. IY.
Three fournies to the Top of the Pike fl/'Teneriffe;
with an Account of the Origin of the Guanches,
or ancient Inhabitants , and the Caves of the
Dead , found in that If and.
PRESUMING that our Readers would be Introduav.nl
pleafed to meet with a more full Account of
the Pike , than has been already given of it, from
moft of the beft modern Travellers, who have
mentioned it, we have inferted this Section to
gratify their Curiofity that Way.
There are threee Relations of the famous
Pike , written by Eye-Witnefles and Englijhmen ,
who all feem to have made the Journey up it ;
and thefe are the only particular Accounts of the
Kind we know of. The firft was written by Sir
Edmund Scory , Knight, a learned Gentleman,
who wrote Obfervations of the Pike, and other
Curiofities of the Ifland of Tenerife, from which
Purchas has given Extradis f ; but omits the
* This Account agrees very well with that which has been already given of the Guancbos, or ancient Inhabi¬
tants of thefe 1 (lands. b Rather, Fuerte Ventura. c The South-End is about the twenty-eighth, and
the North-End in the twenty-ninth Degree of Latitude. d Beeckman s Voyage to Borneo , p. 4. e Haw¬
kins, ubi fupra, p. 24. f In his Pilgrimage, p. 785. under the Title of Extrails, taken out of the Obfer-
•vations of the Right Worjhipfid Sir Edmund Scory, Knight, of the Pike of Teneriife, and other Rarities, which
Jss obferved there. It contains three Pages and an half.
4 A 2 Date:
'Tht Vi no
furpnfng.
Voyages to the Coasts ciud Islands of Africa.
Date : So that we can only fuppofe it might have a Garrachico d ; from whence it is two Days and a 160a
J . . -r'r 1 r _ . i.i _ l u.ir T Tnn Whirn Ton. though Sc.irv.
been penned about the Year 1600 ; although,
from a Circumftance in the Extract it may be
thought, that he was upon the Ifland in 1582 a.
The Extract confifts, Firft, of a Journey up
the Pike , and Obfervations there (as Purchas notes
in the Margin.) Secondly, The Nature of the
Soil of Tenerife , and its Productions. Thirdly,
An Account of the ancient Inhabitants of the
Illand. And, fourthly, A Defcription of La¬
guna. The fecond and laft Articles are already
inferted in their refpedtive Places, in the fuppli-
mental Accounts to Nicols’s Defcription : T he
other two are given below. Purchas has not
given an Extract of the whole Work of Sir Ed¬
mund ; but breaks off in Hafte, as he often does
with bis belt Authors : So that we know not
what the Remainder of his Remarks related to..
The fecond Journey to the Top of the Pike is
inferted in the Hiflory of the Royal Society , pub-
half Journey to the Top. W hich Top, though Scary,
it fee ms, from below, as {harp as a Sugar-loaf, G'VN,
(which it moft refembles) is yet a Flat, the
Breadth of an Acre ; and in the midft of that
there is a Gulph, out of which are caff great
Stones, with a prodigious Noife, Flame, and
Srhoak. Seven Leagues of the Way up, may be
travelled on AfTes or Mules; but the reft muft be
climbed on Foot ; and that not without Difficulty :
Ana, rouruny, - — * - - / , . \r- cl 1 1 xxt-
The fecond and laft Articles are already b Every one carrying his own yi«uals and Wine in
Borachios. The Afcent of the Hill, for ten Miles
upwards, from the Foot, is adorned with the good-
lieft Trees in the World, of divers Sorts; the
Ground being well watered with Riplings run¬
ning from Springs, which, joining at length,
defeend in large Torrents (efpecially when fwel-
led by the violent W inter-Rains) into the Sea.
In the Middle it is intolerably cold ; through
which one muft lav his Journey out fo as to
mieiceu in rue nmuiy ui cut . - , ' , ' , •> , . t- r .
blifhed by Dr. Sprat (afterwards Bifhop of Ro- c travel on the South-Slue, and in the Day-Time Exueme
. „ . ri fi . c . 1. _ D...„7 0. b . „C Thk R poion ends within two Leagues™" '
chejler) in his Hiftory of the Royal Society b ; of¬
ten quoted before in the Defcription of theie
Iflands. It is inferted without either the Name
of the Writer or the Date ; but, by a Circum-
ftance therein mentioned, feems to have been
written about the Year 1650 or 52. The third
was performed in 1715, by Mr. J. Edens, and
publifhed in the T ranfadfions of the Royal Society c.
As thefe Relations are very curious, and diftin-
only. This Region ends within two Leagues H‘“ ot T'i
of the Top ; where the Heat is no lefs ex¬
treme. than at the Bottom e. By the fame
Rule, therefore, you muft, in thofe Regions,
keep on the North-fide, and travel only by
Night. The beft Time of the Year for the
Journey is about Midfummer, as avoiding the
Torrents caufed by the Snows. And if you fetch
the Top by two o’Clock in the Morning, you
euifhed by a Variety of different Remarks, we d may abide tbere fome Hours, but not after
... - 1 nn 1 • » nil O .. ! T ^ II* 1 n K tKp»*P 1 Hi 1 PC
fhall infert them feparately. To which we {hall
fubjoin, certain Obfervations relating to the Na¬
tural Hiftory of Tenerife , communicated by the
Author of the fecond Relation.
I. A Defcription of the Pike of Teneriffe ; with
an Account of the Guanches, or ancient Inhabi¬
tants of the Ifland.
By Sir Edmund Scory, Knight.
The View furpriftng. Extream Heat at Top.
Strange Phenomenon. Edzium of the Guan¬
ches ; their Religion , Government , Marriages ,
Exercifes , Perfons , JDreJs , Diet , Feajls. The
Fruit Mczan.
THE Author obferves, that this great Moun¬
tain of Teyda , commonly called the Pike
of Tenerife , ftrikes one with Amazement, both
near and at a Diftance. It extends its Bafe to
Sun-riling; a little before which there iflues ^ Strange
Stream of Heat from the Eaft, not unlike the Pbammnt
Steam of a hot Oven.
It is remarkable, that from the r op the Sun
appears much lefs, a little after it has akended the
Horizon, than when viewed below, and feems to-
whirl about upon its Centre. I he Sky is very
clear,, ferene, and defecate ; it never rains near the
Top; nor was there ever any Wind upon it k
e The like is faid of Olympus. Though the Ifland
is full of fharp, ragged Rocks, to the Number of-
twenty thoufand, yet from hence the -Whole
(hews as a Plain, laid out in Portions by Borders of
Snow which, however, are nothing elfe but the
white Clouds that are many Furlongs beneath you.
All the upper Part is barren and bald, with¬
out Tree or Shrub upon it; out of which, on
the South-Side, there iflue Streams of Brimftone
into the Neck or Region of Snow ; which lies in¬
tervened as it were with Brimftone in feveral
a The Words are thefe: There nuns gathered, as 1 fanv upon their Account in the Tear of our Lord 1582,
t<wo hundred and fifty thoufand Hannah of Wheat : But it is not clear, whether the Year mentioned relates to the
Date of the Account, or the Time when Sir Edmund viewed it. b Firft publifhed in 1667, in 410, p. 200.
c ]vp nAr p. 317. and in the Abridgment, by Jones, Vol. 5. part. 2. p. 147. d A Port Town on the
North- Wt ft Side, to the Ssuth of Oratava. e This might proceed from the Effluvias from the Cauldron,
and Sides cf the Mountain, being ftronger than ufual ; for the Travellers, whofe Accounts follow, do not men¬
tion fueh a Heat. f Others have found much Wind here, as well as Cold. None mention the Whirling
of the Sun, or Heat, ftreaming from the Eaft, before it rifes..
2
Places.
Description of
1600. Places. The Fire from the Volcano abovemen-
jscory. ‘ tioned in the Top breaks out oftneft in the Sum-
mer-Time ; and when a Stone is thrown down,
it refounds like a Veffel of hollow Brafs, ftruck
with the greateft Force by a prodigious Weight.
The Spaniards , by Way of Mirth, call it the
DeviFs Caldron , wherein Hell’s whole Provifion is
the Canary Islands.
549
The Ivin0- held his Refidencc in natural Caves, 1600.
boiled - But the Natives, or G«a«c^r,ferioufly think
°uan' it is Hell ; and that the Souls of their Anceftors,
fuch as were wicked, went thither to be tor-
merited, while the Good and Valiant retired into i
the pleafant Valley where the great City de La¬
guna now ftands, with other Towns about it:
And, indeed, there is no Place in the V orld,
that has a more delicate Temperature of Air, nor
any Country which affords a more beautiful Pro-
fpe£! than is beheld from the Centre of this Plain;
which is fertilized by abundance of Water falling
along the Cranies of the Rocks, in little Streams,
down the Mountains, till feveral joining, form
Rivers, which run along the Plains into the Sea
The Original of the Guanches is not certainly
known ; they were, and are, merely barbarous,
and without Letters: l heir Language, which
remains to this Day among them, in the Town
of Candelaria , has great Affinity to that 01 the
Moors in Barbary. Betancourt , the nrit jjifco-
verer of thefe Ifles, reprefented them as mere Pa¬
gans, ignorant of God a : On the contrary, Sir
Edmund a (Tu res us, that they held, there was a
Liwfci.f upreme Power, which they called by divers
I. . * Names; as, Acbuhnrahan , Achuhuchanar, Ach-
guayaxerax ; fignifying the greateft, the btgbe/l,
and Maintainerof all. When they.wanted Rain,
or had too much, or in any other Calamity, they
brought their Sheep and Goats into a Place ap¬
pointed; and, fevering the young ones from their
Dams, raifed a general Bleating among them :
Which they imagined would appeafe the Wrath
of the fupreme Power, and incline him to fend
them what they wanted. They had fome Notion
of the Immortality and Punifhment of Souls here¬
after : For they thought there was fuch a Piace as
Hell ; and, particularly, that it was in the Pike of
Teyda, as abovementioned. They call Hell, Ecbey-
de\ and the Devil, Guayoita ; but had no Com¬
merce with him, that the Author could obferve.
'mrment. In Civil Affairs they had fomething of Order.
They acknowledged a King, and [themfelves his
Vaffals, which they confirmed at Marriage. 1 hey
reje&ed Baftards ; owned a Right of Succeffion
in the Race of Kings; made Laws, and yielded
Subjection to them.
or hollow Rocks ; infinite Numbers of which Scory.
are to be fecn at this Day. For many Years the u *
Ifland was fubjetf to one King, called Adexe ;
who growing old, his Sons formed a Confpiracy
againft him ; and, being nine of them, divided
the Ifland into fo many Kingdoms. All their
W ars were made only to fteal v.attle one from
another ; and efpecially the fpotted Goats, which
are in great and facred Efteem among them.
> There is very little Difference, either in Body, Co¬
lour, or Smoothnefs, betwixt the Englijh Fallow-
Deer and their Goats.
With regard to Marriage, the Man ufed to Marriage.
afk the Confent of the intended Bride’s Parents ;
which being obtained, there was little more Cere¬
mony oblerved before Confummation, as far as tl.e
Author could learn : And what was fo eaiilv done,
was as eafily undone ; for whenever they had a.
Mind, they might feparate, and marry with others'
c at their Pleafure : But with this Reftnction, that
” all their Children, begotten afrer the Divorce,
were illegitimate, and eftcemed as Baftards . The
King alone, for Succeffion’s fake, being exempt¬
ed from this Cuftom : To whom alfo, upon that
Account, it was lawful to inter-marry with his own
Sifter. At the Birth of a Child, Water was pour-
ed upon its Head by a Woman appointed for that
Purpofe, who was, from that Time, taken into
Affinity with the Family: Nor was it lawful for
d any of that Race to marry or cohabit with her.
The .youn°- Men ufed the Exercifes of Leap- x.rcije,
v. ' ■ 0 .lip Flirt throwing a
mg,
Runningt (hooting the Dart, throwing a
Stone
much
and Dancing ; in which, to this Day, they
muen pride and delight themfelves. And fo
great was theif native Virtue, and honeft Simpli¬
city, .that this was an inviolable Law among
them, if any of their Soldiers, either openly, or
in private, offered any Rudenefs to a V. oman, he
was affuredly put to Death. , , ,
They were handfome in Stature, wen-iormed, Perfom.
and of a good Complexion There were fome
Giants of an incredible Bigne.s. The Skud ot one
is remaining, in which there are eighty Teeth ;
and his Body (which was found in the Sepulchre
of the Kings :of Guymur, being ct tnat tuce)
meafured fifteen Feet. On the South-Side, the
People were of an Olive -Colour ; but on the
North-Side, fair; efpecially the Women, having
bright, fmooth Hair.
Their common Drefs was a (hart Coat, D»fi.
niade of Lamb-Skins, without Plait, Collar, or
Sleeves ; being fattened together with Straps ot
» The Ignorance or Malice of Europeans, generally oftanfc wodd be found, that! they
diftant Countries, and pronounce them Atbeifi ; w en, P f There is not, perhaps, a Nation m the
had better Notions of God, as well as Morality h^n then Defemers. ^ I g ^ a which ne-
World however barbarous or inconfiderable, that does -
ccffarily takes Place where there are the leaft Glimmerings of Keaton.
the.
55° Voyages to the Coasts
1600. the fame Leather (or Skins). This was ufed
ficjiy. equally by Men and Women, and was called their
Totnarce : But the Women, for Modefty’s Sake,
wore another Covering under it, like a long Caf-
fock, made of Skins, which reached down to the
Ground ; holding it indecent for a Woman to
have her Breafts or Feet uncovered. In this Gar-
jnent they lived; in this they died; and were
commonly buried in it.
Star Diet, For provifion, they fowed Barley and Beans;
Wheat being utterly unknown to them. They
roafted their Barley by the Fire ; and, grinding
it in Hand-ALlls, (fuch as are now ufed in Spain)
wet the Flour with Water, Milk, or Butter:
This they called Giffio , which they ufed for
Bread, and was their chief Suftenance. How¬
ever, fometimes they eat the Flelh of Sheep,
Goats, and Hogs, but not commonly : For
this was regulated on certain Days, which they
kept like the feftival Wake-Days in England.
Feajis. At thefe Meetings the King, with his own Hands,
diftributed to every twenty of them, three Goats,
and a Proportion of Giffio : After which, every
Company came before the King, and fhewed
■their Agility in Leaping, Running, Wreftling,
Darting, Dancing, and other Sports. During
thefe Times, the Men had Liberty to pafs to and
from, through the Enemy’s Country ; and the
Enemies fometimes would feaft one with another.
When the Seafon for fovving their Seed came, the
King laid out the Land in Lots to every Man,
which they ploughed up with Goats Horns ; and,
uttering certain Words, threw their Seed into
the Ground. All other Works were done by
the Women.
They had a Kind of Fruit, called Mozan ,
about the Bignefs of a Pea. At firft it is very
green, grows red as it ripens, and, being full
ripe, turns black ; much like the Blackberry in
England , only the Tafte is exceeding pleaiant.
They fuck only the Juice of them which they call
Joya ; and they make a kind of Honey of them,
called Chacerquem. They gather thefe Mozans very
jipe, and lay them in the Sun for a Week ; then,
breaking them to Pieces, they are boiled in Water
to a Syrup. This is their Phvfick for a Flux,
and Pains in the Back : In both Cafes, bleeding
^Ifo in the Arm, Temples, and Forehead, with
A Flint Stone a.
II. The fecond Journey up the Pike b e/'Teneriffe.
Performed by fame confideralle Engl i Hi
Merchants.
and Islands of Africa.
. They leave Oratava. Afcend the Pike. Get to the 16c; 2
Top. The Cauldron, or Kettle. Profpecl over Anonym
the Jfands. Shadow of the Pike furprifing. — y—
Great Dew upon it. Cave and Well. The
Cordon Plant.
AVING furnilhed themfelves with a Guide, Leave On
Servants, and Horfes, to carry their Winetava*
and Provifions, they fet out from Oratava , a
Port-Town on the North Side of Tenerijfe , two
Miles from the Sea. They travelled from twelve
b at Night till eight in the Morning, and then got
to the Top of the firft Mountain, towards the
Pico de Terroira c : Here, under a very great and
confpicuous Pine -Tree, they broke their Faft,
dined, and refrefhed, till two in the Afternoon;
and then proceeded through much fandy Way, over
many lofty Mountains, but naked and bare, and
not covered with any Pine-Trees, as their firft
Night’s Pafiage was. This expofed them to ex-
ceffive Heat, till they arrived at the Foot of the
Pico ; where they found many huge Stones,
which feemed to have fallen down from fome
Part above.
About fix this Evening, they began to Afcend tke
afcend the Pico ; but, after they had advanced a
Mile, finding the Way no longer pafiable for
Horfes, they difmounted, and left them with
their Servants. In this Mile’s Afcent, fome of
the Company grew very faint and fick, diforder-
ed by Fluxes, Vomitings, and aguilh Diftempers ;
and the Hair of the Horfes flood upright, like
Briftles. Calling for fome Wine, which was
carried in fmall Barrels, they found it fo wonder¬
fully cold, that they could not drink it till it was
warmed ; although, as yet, the Temper of the
Air was very calm and moderate : But when the
Sun was fet, it began to blow with fuch Violence,
and grow fo cold, that having taken up their
Lodging under certain great Stones in the Rocks,
they were forced to keep great Fires before the
Mouths of them all Night.
About four in the Morning, they began to
mount again, and being gotten about a Mile up,
one of the Company was able to proceed no far¬
ther. Here began the black Rocks. The reft
purfued their Journey, till they came to the
Sugar-Loaf, where they again met with a white
Sand. To encounter this difficult and unftable
Pafiage, they were provided with Shoes, whofe
fingle Soles are made a Finger broader than the
upper Leather. Being afeended as far as the
black Rocks, which are all flat, and lie like a
Pavement, they [had] climbed within a Mile of
the Top of the Pico , and, at laft, gained the
* The Paragragh, which followed, relating to embalming of the Dead, is inlerted in the laft Article of this
Scdtion. b L is called, A Relation of the Pi:o Tenerijfe, received from fome confiderable Merchants, and
woithy -Oi Ciedit, who w.en.t to the Top of it. c Or < erratra, as the Spemiards call it : It is alfo
siamcd Pico de Tayde.
Sum-
Description of the Canary Islands.
jg-2. Summit ; where they found no fuch Smoak as ap- a
Anonym, peared a little below, but a continual Breathing of
pV'"s-' a hot and fulphurous Vapour, which made their
« to the paces extremely fore.
h In this Paftage they found no confiderable Al¬
teration of Air, and very little Wind ; but be¬
ing at the Top, it was fo impetuous, that they
had much ado to hand againft it, whilft they
drank the King’s Health, and fired each a Piece.
Here alfo they broke Faft: But found their ftrong
Water had quite loll its Force, and was become b
almoft infipid, whilft their Wine was rather more
fpirituous and brifk than before.
beCaul- The Top, on which they ftood, being not a-
tofijOr Kettle, j^ove a Yard broad, is the Biink of a Pit, called
the Caldera , which they judged to be about a
Mufket-Shot over, and near fourfeore Yards deep.
It is Ihaped like a Cone, hollow within like a
Kettle, or Cauldron, and all over covered with
fmall lcole Stones, mixed with Sulphur and Sand :
From amongft thefe there llfiie divers Spiracles c
of Smoak and Heat, which, when ftirred with
anything, puff and makeaNoife; and are fo
oftenfive, that the Merchants were almoft ftiffled
with the fudden Irruption of Vapours upon the
removing of one of thefe Stones, which are hxe-
wife fo hot, as not eafily to be handled. They
did not defeend above four or five Yards into the
Caldera , on account of the Ground flipping from
under their Feet, and the Difficulty of getting
down : But fome have adventured to the Bottom, d
They obferved here nothing remarkable, befides
a clear Sort of Sulphur, w'hich looks like Salt up¬
on the Stones.
'’rtjptEi over From this famous Pro?, they could difeern
*///<■*/». the Qran(i Canaria, fourteen Leagues diftant ;
Palma , eighteen, and Gomera, feven Leagues ;
which Interval of Sea feemed to them not much
larger than the River Thames at London. Their
View extended alfo as far as Herro % above twen¬
ty Leagues diftant, and a great W ay beyond, over e
the Surface of the Ocean.
bidowof So foon as the Sun appeared, the Shadow of
* Pike, the Pico feemed to cover, not only the whole
Ifiand of Tenerife, and the Grand Canaries b,
but even the Sea to the very Horizon, where the
Top of the Sugar-Loaf, or Pico , diftindly appeared
to turn-up, and caft its Shade into the Air itfelf,
at which they were much furprifed : But the
Sun was not far rifen, when the Clouds began to
rife fo faft, as to intercept their Profpcdf both of f
the Sea and Tenerife ; excepting only the Tops of
the fubjacent Mountains, which feemed to pierce
them through. Whether thefe Clouds do ever
furmount the Pico, they could not fay : But to
fuch as are far beneath, they fometimes feem to
* Hierro, or Ferro. ^ This xnuft be a Miftake
See alfo the fecond Account. c Thefe muft be
Probability are the Dildo.
55*
hang above, or rather to w rap thcmfelves about 1652.
it, as they conftantly do when the North Weft A-.01.ym.
Wind blows: This they call the Cap , and is a k/’V
certain Prognoftic of enfuing Storms.
One of their Company, who made this Jour- Great Dew
ney again two Years after, arrived at the Top of1^""*
the Pico before Day ; and creeping under a great
Stone to fhroud from the cold Air, after a little
Space, found himfelf all wet, and perceived it
to come from a perpetual Trickling of Water
from the Rocks above him. They faw many ex¬
cellent and exuberant Springs iffuing from the
Tops of moft of the other Mountains ; and gufh-
ing out in great Spouts, almoft as far as the huge
Pine-Tree before-mentioned.
Having ftayed fome Time upon the Top,
they all defeended by the fandy Way, till they
came to the Foot of the Sugar-Loaf ; which, be¬
ing fteep, almoft to a Perpendicular, they foon
palled. Here they met with a Cave about ten
Yards deep, and fifteen broad, in Shape like an
Oven, or Cupola, having an Hole at Top near Caw tad’
eight Yards in Diameter. Into this they werp^ *
let down by Ropes, fattened about their Middles,
and held by their Servants at Top, fwinging them-
felves in the Defcent, till being over a Bank of
Snow, they Aid down upon it : They were forced
to fwing thus, becaufe in the Middle of the Bottom
of this Cave there is a round Pit of Water, re-
fembling a Well, the Surface whereof is about a
Yard lower than the Snow, but as wide as the
Overture at T op, under which it lieij, and is a-
bout fix Fathom deep. They fuppofed this Water
to proceed not from aSpring, but diflolved Snow
blown in, or Moifture trickling through the
Rocks.
About the Sides of the Grot, for fome
Height, there is Ice and Icicles hanging down to
the Snow : But being quickly weary of this ex-
ceffive cold Place, and drawn up again, they con¬
tinued their Defcent from the Mountains by the
fame Pafiages they went up the Day before ; and
fo about five, in the Evening, arrived at Oratava,
their Faces being fo red and fore, that to cool
them, they were forced to wafh and bathe them
in Whites of Eggs, &c. .
The perpendicular Height of the Pico is com¬
monly efteemed to be two Miles and an half.
They found no Trees, Herbs, or Shrubs in all
the Way, but Pines ; and amongft the whiter
Sands, a fort of Broom, being a bufhy Plant :
Likewife at the Side, where they lay all Night.
There was a kind of Cordon , which had Stems -The Cordo*
ewht Foot high, and the Trunk near half a Foot w*"'-
thick; every Stem growing in four Squares % and
{hooting from the Ground like Tufts of Rufhes.
for Gomera, fince Canaria lies to the Eaft of Tenerife.
the four fquare Canes mentioned by L tools ; and m all
Upon
552
Voyages to the Coasts and Islands of Africa.
j7j r Upon the Edges of thefe Stems grow very fmall
Edens'? ' red Buttons, or Berries; which, being fqueezed,
^v~«^oroduced a poifonous Milk: This lighting upon
any Part of a Horfe, or other Bead, fetches off
the Hair from the Skin immediately. Of the
dead Part of this they made their Fires all Night.
This Plant is alfo univerfally fpread over the
Ifland, and is perhaps a kind of Euphdrbium.
III. A third Journey to the Top of the Pike.
By Mr. J. Edens.
[7I5-
Edens.
S tt ettt from
the Port.
Set. out from the Port. Come to Oratava. Fine
JVater. High Mountain. Caravalla. Pino de
la Merienda. The Portillo , or Gap. Skirts of
the Pike. Difgorged Rocks. La Stancha. O-
ther Volcanos. " The Pike one of the iVcnders of
the TVorld. Two high Mountains. The Sugar-
Loaf : The Top , and its Kettle. The Air ; Cold ,
and Dew. Shadow of the Pike. The Cave and
Well. Caves of the Dead.
N Tuefday , Augujl the 13th, 1715, at half
an Hour paft ten at Night, the Author,
irCCompany of four Englifo and a Dutchman ,
with Horfes and Servants to carry their Provi-
fion, fet forward from the Port of Oratava.
Their Guide had conduced all who made this
Journey for many Years.
ConetoOx*. At half an Hour paft eleven, they came to
tava, t]ie Town of Oratava % which is about two
Miles from the Port. Here they got Walking-
Staffs to help them in afeending the Steep of the
Pike.
At one, on Wednefday Morning, they came
to the Foot of a very deep Rifing, about a Mile
and an half above the Town of Oratava , where
it began to clear up; and being full Moon, they
faw the Pike , with a white Cloud, covering the
Top, like a Cap. .
At two, they came to a plain Place in the
Road, which the Spaniards call Dornajito en el
Monte verde , the Little Trough in the green Moun¬
tain ; fo called, he fuppofes, becaufe a little below
this Plain, on the Right as they went there, is a
deep Hollow, at the upper End of which is a
'Pine Wilier, wooden Spout fet in a Rock, and at a Defcent,
a little lower, a Trough to receive the Water,
which comes from the Mountains through the
Spout, and is very clear and cool. After travel¬
ling a Road fometimes rough, and fometimes
fmooth, they came, at three o’Clock, to a little
.un«
a wooden Crofson the- Left-hand, which the Spa¬
niards call la Cruz de la Solera, the Crofs of the
Solera ; being made with a Piece of a Solera ,
which is a long Pole, having a Hole at each End,
which the Spaniards ufe to draw Wood with,
faftening one End to ,the Wood, and the other
to the Oxen : But why fet up here, he could not
tell, urdefs becaufe fomebody was. killed there¬
abouts. At this Place they law the Pike before
them ; and although they had come up-Hili quite
b from the Port, yet, to their Thoughts, it feem-
cd aim oft as high here as there, the white Cloud
ilill hiding the greater Part of the Sugar-Loaf
About half a Mile farther, they came to the HfM,
Side of a Hill, which was very high, rough and
fteep, the Place called Caravalla b : So called, he
fuppofes, from a great Pine-Tree on the Right-
hand, (there being many on both Sides of the
Road) which the Guide defired them to obferve,
having a great Branch growing out ; which, with
c the Boughs upon it, looked like the fore Part of
a Ship. Amongft thefe Trees, not a great Height
in the Air, they faw the Sulphur difeharge itfelf
like a Squib, or Serpent, made of Gun-Powder;
the Fire running downwards in a Stream, and
theSmoak afeending from the Place where it firft
took Fire. They faw the like next Night, as
they lay under the Rocks at laStancha: But he
could not obferve whether either of them gave any
Report.
d Three Quarters after four, they came to Pi™ de la
the Top of this Mountain, where grows a large
Tree, which the Spaniards call el Pino de la Me¬
rienda ; that is, the Pine-Tree of the Afternoon's
Meal. The Fires made by Travellers baiting
here, had burnt it at the Bottom, from whence
the Turpentine iffued out. At a few Yards Dif-
tance, they had a Fire made, where they re-
frelhed themfelves, and their Horfes. A great many
Rabbits breed there among thofe Hills, which are
e fandv. There is alfo much Sand a great Way up
the Pike itfelf, and not a great Way below the
Sugar-Loaf
Three Quarters after five, they fet forward The Portii:
again, and at half an Hour paft fix came to the0''0"?-
Portillo’, in Spanifo, a Breach , or Gap: Prom
herice they faw the Pike ftill covered with a Cloud
at Top, about two Leagues and an half before
them ; and the Spaniards faid, they were about
the fame Diftance from the Port,
f At half an Hour paft feven, they came to las skhts.of t
Fa Idas ; that is, The Skirts of the Pike : FromP&<*
whence to la Stancba , which is a Quarter of a
a This Town and Port lie on the North-Side of the Bland. b The Author obferves, that a Caravel
fignifies an old falhioned VdTel, formerly much ufed in Spain, fharp before, ill Ihaped every Way, and all the
Mads Hooping forwards. Their Sails are all like Mizen-Sails, triangular, which will lie nearer the Wind than
other Sails ; but are not fo commodious to handle. This feems to be the fame as is cow called the Settee, ufed
chiefly about the Str eights, and are well known.
Mile
' 1 7 x5-
Edens.
merged
cckt.
\ Staacha.
\tber Vd-
m't.
‘ Pike a
‘mder.
Description of the
Mile up from the Foot of the Pike. They rode
upon little light Stones, not much bigger than
one’s Fift, and a great many not broader than a
Shilling ; which, out of the beaten Track, went
almoft over the Horfe’s Hoofs. They cover the
Ground a great Depth ; for the Author alighted,
and made a Hole, but could not find the Bottom
of them.
There are a great many vaft Rocks, fome
of them two Miles or thereabouts from the Foot
of the Pike ; which the Pike-man told them were
caft out from the Top of the Pike , at the Time
it was a Volcano. Many of them lay in Heaps
above fixty Yards long ; and they obferved, that
the farther thefe Rocks were from the Foot of
the Pike , the more like they were to the Stone
of common Recks : But the nearer the Pike , the
more black and folid ; and fome of them, though
not many, glofty like Flint, and all extremely
heavy. Thofe, which (hone, the Author fuppofes,
retained their natural Colour : But fome looked
like Drofs out of a Smith’s Forge ; which, he
makes no Doubt, was occafioned by the extreme
Heat of the Place they came from.
Some of thefe great Rocks were thrown out
of the Caldera , or Kettle, in the Top of the
Pike ; and others from a Cave, or Ciftern, which
is'a pretty Way up the Side of the Pike, and has
by fome been thought to have no Bottom a.
At nine, they arrived at la Stancha , about a
Quarter of a Mile above the Foot of the Pike on
the Eaft-Side, where are three or four large, hard
and folid black Rocks.: Under fome of thefe they
pat their Horfes, and lay down themfelves to fleep
under others, having firft refrefhed with a little
Wine. Mean Time, the Cook drefled them a
Dinner, both roaft and boiled, which (after re-
pofing) they eat about two in the Afternoon.
Eastward from the Pike, at four or five
Miles Diftance, there are feveral Mountains,
called the Malpeffes , and one lying a little more
to the Southward, called la Montano de Rcjada ;
all which were formerly Volcano’s, (though in¬
ferior to that of the Pike) as appears by the Rocks
and fmall burnt Stones that lie near them, juft in
the fame Manner as about the Pike.
After they had dined, they lay down as
before to take a Nap under the Rocks: But not
deeping very well, they got up again ; and,
vvhije the reft fpent the Afternoon at Cards, the
Author made it his Bufinefs to admire theStrange-
nefs and Vaftnefs of that great Body, which
(fays he) is very wonderiul : Infomuch, that it
is impoftible to exprels to one, who never law it,
in what Manner that confuled Heap of Rubbifh
lies ; for it may very well be ftiletl one of the
gieateft Wonders in the World. About fix, at
Canary Islands.
i Night, they faw Grand Canaria from la Stancha,
bearing from them Eaft by North.
At nine, after Supper, they retired to their C
former-Lodgings ; where, laying Stones for their
Pillow's, and their Cloaks for Bed-Cloaths, they
endeavoured to deep for a great w'hile in vain.
Some lying pretty nigh a Fire, complained of be¬
ing burnt on one Side, and frozen on the other:
Others were fadly tormented with Fleas ; though
it were fomewhat ftrange that they fhould be
b found in a Place where the Air is fo very (harp
and cutting in the Night-time. The Author
thinks they were brought thither by the Goats,
which fometimes get under thefe Rocks ; and the
rather, becaufe they found a dead Goat in a Cave
at the very Tcp of the Pike. He fuppofes this
Goat, draggling up by Chance, was benighted,
and feeling the Cold, got-in there for Warmth ;
W’here, meeting with too much of it, and a
very ftrong fulphureous Vapour, he was fufFocated :
c For they found him almoft dried to Powder. Be¬
twixt eleven and twelve, they got to deep ; and
waking at one, their Guide told them, it was
time to prepare for their Journey : Upon this
they rofe, and in half an Hour were all upon
the March, leaving their Horfes and fome of the
Men behind.
Betwixt la Stancha and the Top of th zTmbigb
Pike there are two very high Mountains befides Uountam.
the Sugar-Loaf. \ each of which is almoft half a
d Mile’s Walk. On the firft the Rubbilh is fmaller,
and they were apt to dip back in ftepping for¬
wards ; but the uppermoft is nothing but a mon-
ftrous Heap of hard, rocky great Stones, which
lie loofe, and are thrown together in a very con-
fufed Manner. After reding feveral Times, they
came to the Top of the firft Mountain, where
they refrefhed wfith a little Wine and Ginger¬
bread. T'hen they began to afeend the fecond,
which is higher than the firft ; but better walk-
e ing, becaufe of the Firmnefs of the Rocks.
Having laboured up this for about half an Hour,
they had Sight of the Sugar-Leaf which they could
not fee before, by reaion of the Interpofition of
thefe great Hills.
At the Top of this fecond Mountain they
found a Way almoft level, but bearing fome fmall
Matter up Hill ; and, about a Furlong farther,
came to the Foot of the Sugar-Loaf, where, Tke'xpz-
looking upon their Watches, they found it to be Loaf,
f juft three o’Clock. The Night was clear, and
in. that Place the Moon fhone very bright; but
over the Sea, they could fee the Clouds, which
locked like a Valley of a prodigious Depth below
them. They had a brifk Air at South-Eaft oy
South, in which Point it flood, for the moft Part,
during their Journey. W hile they fat at the
Vol.
a This is the Cave mentioned in the former Journal, at the Foot of the Sugar-Loaf, p. 551.
I. N° XXVII. 4 B
Fool
554
,7,5*
1-den;.
’IbtTtfi, and
it t Ktttlt,
The Air
told, and
Dew.
Shadow »f
the Pike.
Voyages to the Coasts and Islands of Africa.
Foot of the Sugar-Loaf, refting and refrelhing, a
they faw the Smoak break out in feveral Places,
looking like little Clouds, which quickly vanilh-
ed, and were as foon fucceeded by others. At
half an Hour part three, they fet forward to
afcend this laftand fteepeft Part of their Journey ;
and after refrefhing twice or thrice, Mr. Edens ,
with others, by running, mattered it in a Quar¬
ter of an Hour : But the reft with the Guide did
not reach the Top till four.
The Top of the Pike is partly oval, the b
longeft Diameter lying North North -Weft, and
South South-Eaft; and is, as nigh as he could guefs,
about an hundred and forty Yards long; in Breadth,
about an hundred and ten. Within the Circuit, is
a very deep Pit, called the Caldera , or Kettle, the
deepeft Part of which lies at the South End : It
was, he thought, forty Yards deep from the higheft
Side of the Pike , but abundance (hallower from
the Side towards Garrachico a. It is very fteep
all round ; and in fome Places not lefs fo, than c
the Defcent on the Outfide of the Sugar-Loaf
They went all to the Bottom, where lay a great
many very large Stones, fome of them higher
than their Heads. The Earth within the Kettle
being rolled up long, and put to a Candle, will
burn like Brimftone. Several Places within-fide
the Top were burning, as on the Outfide has
been already obferved ; and in fome Parts, turn¬
ing up the Stones, they found very fine Sulphur
flicking to them. At thefe Holes, where theSmoak d
ifliied out, it was fo hot, that they could not en¬
dure a Hand there long. At the North-Eaft by
Eaft, within the Verge of the Top, is the Cave
where they found the dead Goat: In which Cave
fometimes the true Spirit of Sulphur diftils, as
they were told ; but none dropped while Mr. Edens
was there.
He obferves, that the Report is falfe about the
Difficulty of breathing at Top, for they breathed
as well there as below. They eat their Breakfaft, e
and were up in all about two Hours and a
Quarter.
Before the Sun rofe, he thought the Air as
cold as he had ever known it in England in the
fharpeft Froft : He could fcarcely endure his
Gloves off. A great Dew fell all the while till
Sun-riftng, which they found by the Wetnefs of
their Cloaths: Yet the Sky looked thereabout as
clear as poflible.
A little after Sun-riftng, they faw the f
Shadow of the Pike upon the Sea, reaching over
the Bland of Gomera b ; and the Shadow of the
upper Part, or Sugar-Loaf they faw imprinted
like another Pike in the Sky itfelf, which looked 1652.
very amazing c : But the Air being cloudy below Anonym,
them, they faw none of the other Blands, but'— J
Grand Canarie and Gomera.
At fix, on Tburfday Morning, they camera, cw
down from the Top of the Sugar-Loaf ; at feven,'2"^
they came to the Cittern of Water, which is re¬
ported to be without Bottom. This the Guide
faid was falfe; for that about feven or eight Years
before, when there was a great Volcano in this
Country, the Cave was dry, and he walked all
about it ; and that the deepeft Part of the Wa¬
ter, when the Author was there, was not above
two Fathoms. Mr. Edens guefled this Cave to
be, in Length, about thirty - five Yards, in
Breadth twelve; and its ordinary Depth fourteen.
Upon the farthermoft Side grew fomething white,
which the Pike-man told them was Salt-Petre.
There was both Ice and Snow in it at that Time ;
and the Ice was of a great Thicknefs, covered
with Water about Knee-deep. They let down
a Bottle at the End of a String for fome of the
Water, which they drank with a little Sugar :
But it was the coldeft the Author ever drank. The
Ice being broken juft under the Mouth of the Cave,
they could fee the Stones lie at the Bottom ; for it
was very clear. A little to the Right-hand, the Ice
was rifen up in a high Heap, fpiring like a Sugar-
Loaf, and there he judged the Water came-in.
In their Way back, three or four Miles from Cavn »/tU
the Pike, they pafled by a Cave, where there are0"*
a great many Skeletons and Bones of Men ; and
fome fay of Giants : But they knew not how
many Bodies were laid there, nor how far the
Cave extended d.
The fifteenth of Augufl , about fix o’Clock
in the Evening, they came home to the Port from
whence they fet out.
IV. Ccnjefiure concerning the Origin of the Pike :
IVith an Account of the Caves of the Dead ; and
Mummies found in the ljland of Tenenffe.
T1?e Pike, the EffeEt of a Volcano. Mines bloivn^
up. Caves of the Dead. Preferved Bodies , or
Mummies. Some Remains of their Art of em¬
balming. Caves of their Kings.
THE Writer of the fecond Relation of the
Pike has annexed a very curious Account
of the Bland of Teneriffe , and its Inhabitants ;
which, he fays, was given by a judicious and in -
quifitive Man , who lived twenty Years in that ljland ,
both as a Phyftcian and Merchant . After extradl-
a This is a Port to the South of Oratava , p. 548. a. b This fhews that the Grand Canaria is placed, in
this Circumftance, by Millake in the former Account. e The Merchants, who made the former Journey,
had the like furprifing Phenomenon. d This feems to be one of the Caves of the dead Cuancbes men¬
tioned in the next Se&ion.
jrg
Description of the
1642, »ng fr°m this Account feveral Remarks relating a
Anonym, to the ancient Inhabitants, &c. inferted in our
{y'-y-vj Defcription of the Canaries in general, and of
Tenerife in particular, we referved the Re¬
mainder, which concerned the natural Hiftory of
the Ifland, and the Mummies there found, to
give them in this Place, as a Curiofity not much
lefs furprifing than the Pike itfelf.
Sffiffi of a The Opinion of the above-mentioned Phyfi-
Voltam, c;anj or Merchant, is *, that the whole Ifland
being a Soil mightily impregnated with Brim- b
ftone, did, in former Times, take Fire, and
blew up all, or near all, at the fame Time ; and
that many Mountains of huge Stones calcined and
burnt, which appear all over this Ifland, efpeci-
ally in the South -Weft Part of it, were then caft
out of the Bowels of the Earth ; and that the
greater Quantity of this Sulphur, lying about the
Centre of the Ifland, raifed up the Pico 11 to its
prefent Height. He thinks, that any one, who,
upon the Place, ftiould carefully obferve the Si- c
tuation and Manner of thofe calcined Rocks,
would eafily come into this Opinion : For that
they lie for three or four Miles round the Bottom
of the Pico , and in fuch Order, one above another
almoft to the Sugar-Loaf ; as if the whole Ground,
fwelling and heaving up together by Force of the
Brimftone, had fuddenly burft out in prodigious
Torrents, and carried thefe Rocks down along
with it, rowling and tumbling them over the reft,
efpecially to the South -Weft. For on that Side, d
from the very Top of the Pico, almoft to the
Sea-Coaft, lie huge Heaps of thefe burnt Rocks
one under another ; and there ftill remain the
very Tracks of thefe Brimftone Rivers as they
ran over this Quarter of the Ifland ; which hath
fo wafted the Ground beyond Recovery, that
nothing can be made to grow but Broom. On
the North-Side of the P/Vo, few or none of thofe
Stones appear.
Minei bkivn The Author conceives, that at the Time of e
this grand Eruption, Mines of feveral Metals
were blown up ; fome of thefe calcined Rocks
refembling Iron Oar, fome Silver, and others
Copper ; particularly on the Azulcios , which are
very high Mountains in thefe South -Weft Parts,
(where never any Englijhman but himfelf, that
ever he heard of, was,) there are vaft Quan¬
tities of a loofe blueifh Farth, mixed with blue
Stones, which have a yellow Ruft upon them,
like that of Copper, or Vitriol : As alfo many f
fmall Springs of Vitriol -Water, where he fup-
pofes there is a Copper-Mine. A Bell-Founder
of Oratava allured him likewife, that he got, out
CANARY ISLANDS. 555
of ttvo Horfe- Loads of this Earth, as much Gold 1652.
as made two large Rings ; and a Portugueze , who Anonym,
had bepn in the Weji Indies , told him, that his,*,^*v^,,-,
Opinion was, there were as good Mines of Gold
and Sifver there, as the beft in the WeJl Indies.
In fhort, an Acquaintance of his, out of two
Lumps of Earth, or Oar, brought from the Top
of this Side of the Mountain, made two Silver
Spoons c. In thefe Parts alfo, there are nitrous
Waters, and Stones, covered over with a deep
Saffron- coloured Ruft, tailing of Iron.
The fame Author informs us, that this Ifland
is full of Springs of frelh Water, tailing like
Milk d ; which, in Laguna , where the Water
is not clear, they depurate by filtering Stones.
The fame Author confirms the Account which Oavarf tU
Mr. Nicols gives of the Manner of the Interment Dtad'
ufed by the Natives of thefe Iflands. He tells us,
that he went from Guimar, a Town for the moft
Part inhabited by fuch as derive themfelves from
the ancient Guanchio's , in Company of fome of
them to view their Caves, a Favour they feldom
or never permit to any ; having the Corps of their
Anceftors in great Veneration, and being like¬
wife extremely averfe to the difturbing of the
Dead : But having endeared himfelf to them, by
feveral Cures which he had performed out of
Charity, for they are very poor, (and yet the
pooreft think themfelves too good to marry with
the Spaniards ,) he obtained that Privilege to vifit
thefe Caves and Bodies ; otherwife an Attempt
might have coft him his Life. The Corps are
fewed up in Goats Skins, with Thongs of the
fame, in a very curious Manner ; particularly as
to the Seams, which are incomparably even and
exadl. The Skins are made very tight to fit the
Corps, which, for the moft Part, are intire : In
thofe of both Sexes are ftill found the Eyes, (but
clofed) Hair on their Heads, Ears, Nofe, Teeth,
Lips, and Beard ; likewife the Pudenda all per¬
fect, only difcoloured, and a little Ihrivelled.
The Dodlor faw about three or four hundred Prcfvti
in feveral Caves, fome of them Handing, others B>d'e‘'
lying on Beds of W ood, lo hardned by an Art
they had, (which the Spaniards call Curar , to
cure a Piece of Wood) that no Iron can pierce
or hurt it.
Being, one Day, a hunting, a Ferret (which
is much in Ufe there) having a Bell about his
Neck, ran after a Coney into a Hole, where
they loft the Sound of the Bell. The Owner be¬
ing afraid he fhould lofe his Ferret, feeking a-
bout the Rocks and Shrubs, found the Mouth of
a Cave i and entring-in, was fo affrighted, that
a See Sprat's Hiftory of the Rcyal Society, p. 204. b The Pico of St. Philips, or Fuogo, one of the
C. pe de Vcrds, is faid to be raifed in this Manner. See Roberts' s Vdyage to thofe Iflands, /. 416. c See
belore, p. 542. c. relating to a Mine. d Water of this Taftc, by the Sailors, is not reckoned good, and not
quite clear of a Mixture of Sea -Water.
4 B 2
he
556 Voyages to the Coasts and Islands of Africa.
1652. he cried out. ^ was at the Sight of one of thefe a
Ano ym. Corps, very tall and large, lying with the Head
-v-— -'on a great Stone, the Feet fupported with a little
Wall of Stone, the Body itfelf refting on a Bed of
Wood (as before was mentioned.) The Fellow
being now a little out of his Fright, entered-in,
and cut off a great Piece of the Skin that lay on
the Breaft of this Body ; which, the Dodtor fays,
was more flexible and pliant than ever he felt any
Kids-Leather Glove: Yet, fo far from being
rotten, that the Man ufed it for his Flail many 1
Years after. Thefe Bodies are very light, as if
made of Straw ; and in fome that were broken,
he obferved the Nerves and Tendons, as alfo the
Veins and Arteries like Strings, very diftinctly.
By the Relation of the moll ancient among
them, there was a particular Tribe who had this
Art only among themfelves; which they kept as
a Thing facred, and not to be communicated to
the Vulgar. Thefe, who were alfo their Priefls,
mixed not with the reft, nor married out of their <
Smt Remains own Tribe: But when the • Spaniards conquered the
oj thtir Place, moftof them were deftroyed, and the Art
perifhed with them ; only they had preferved, by
Tradition a few of the Ingredients ufed in this
Btifinefs, viz. they took Butter mixed (fome fay)
with Bears Greafe, kept for the Purpofe in Skins.
In this they boiled certain Herbs, as a kind of
wild Lavender growing plentifully on the Rocks :
Likewife an Herb called Lara , of a very gummy
and glutinous Conflftence, found under the Tops <
of Mountains: Thirdly, A kind of Cyclamen , or
Sow-bread: Fourthly, Wild Sage, of which there
is Plenty here : And fome others unknown, ren-
yjrtcfcm dering it thus a perfect Balfam. This being pre-
baimwg. pared, they nrft unboweled the Corps, and wafh-
ed it with a Lixivium, made of the Bark of
Pine-Trees; drying it in the Sun in Summer,
and in a Stove in Winter. This was repeat¬
ed very often : After which, they began their
Undticn both without and within, drying it as
before. This they continued till the Balfam had
penetrated into the whole Habit ; and the Mufcles
in all Parts appeared through the contradled Skin,
and the Body became exceeding light : After
which, they fewed them in the Goats Skins, as
above-mentioned. It is obfervable, that in the
poorer Sort, to fave Charges, they took out the
Brain behind ; they fewed them up alfo in Skins,
with the Hair on : Whereas the richer Sort weie
put up in Skins fo finely and exactly drefled, tha,t
they remain extremely pliant and fupple to this
Day.
Their ancient People fay, that they have 1560.
above twenty Caves of their Kings and great Per- Nicoh.
fonages, with their whole Families ; yet un- v— —
known to any but themfelves, and which they c“vtl °f tbt
will never difeover. Laftly, This Author ob- wg''
ferves, that Bodies are found in the Caves of the
Grand Canaries in Sacks, quite confumed, and
not intire as thefe in Tenerife.
They have Earthen Pots fo hard, that they
cannot be broken : Of thefe fome are found in
the Caves, and old Bavances, and ufed by the
poorerPeople that find them, to boil theirMeat ina.
In order to give all the Light we can into the
Embalming ufed by the Guanches , we (hall fub-
join what Sir Edmund Scory fays of the Matter.
The ancient Guanches had an appointed Offi- Embalming.
cer, or Embalmer, anfwerable to each Sex, whofe
Bufinefs was to make a certain Preparation com¬
pounded of the Powder of Furzes, and a kind of
rough Stones, the Rinds of Pine-Trees, and feve-
ral Herbs incorporated together, with Goats But¬
ter melted ; and after wafliing the dead Corps, they
fluffed it with this Balfam for fifteen Days fuc-
ceflively, laying it in the Sun, and turning it
often till it became ft ifF and dry: The Friends
of the Deceafed keeping thefe as Days of Mourn¬
ing for them. This done, they wrapped the Body
in Goats Skins, fewed together with a furprifing
Nicety, and carried it thus made up to a deep Cave,
to which none could have Accefs. Some of thefe
Bodies, which had been buried a thoufand Years,
were remaining when Sir Edmund was at Tene¬
rife. Purchas himfelf faw two of thefe Bodies
in London b.
SECT. VI.
A Defcripticm of the IJland of Madera.
Its Site and Name. City of Fonchal. Macham’f
Town. Puerto Santo, and the Defart. The
1 Salvages.
THE Ifland of Madera ftandeth in thirty- Site *td
two Degrees of North Latitude, and feven- bStame,
ty Leagues from the Ifle of Tenerife North Eaft-
ward *, and South -Weft from Hercules's Pillars.
This Ifland was firft difeovered by one Macham ,
an Englifnman ; but afterwards conquered and
inhabited by the Portugueze. It was called Ma¬
dera , by reafon of the great Wildernefs of va-
f rious Kinds of Trees found there; as, Cedars,
Cyprefs, Vinatico, Barbuzano, Pine-Trees, and
feveral others, with which it abounded then, and
a Sprat's Hillory of the Royal Society, p. 209, feqq. This is a very curious Account ; whence it appears, thefe
are true Mummies. How they came by the Art of embalming them fo nicely, feems very furprifing. B See
his Pilgrimage, p. 783. c Rather North Welhvard ; or, more nearly. North by Weft, according to our .
Chart, grounded on agronomical Obfervations,
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Plate "VX. Vol.I
557
I City of
Fonchal.
Description j/Madera,
a In the Mid- way, between this and Tenerife,
{lands a little folitary Ifland, called the Salvages
about a League in Compafs. It produces neither
Fruit nor Trees : However, the Goats find fome-
thing to feed on, which ferves for their Sup¬
port.
Macharr.’i
ii ‘Town.
Puerto San
to, and the
Defrt.
{till retains its Name. Although, it feems, there
was a current Report, that between this and the
Ifle of Palma , lay another not yet difcovered,
called St. Brandon, which was the true Ifland
Madera.
This Ifland yields a large yearly Revenue to
the King of Portugal. It hath one goody City,
called Fonchal , which hath a fair Port or Harbour
for Ships, with a ftrong Bulwark; and a fair
Cathedral Church, with a Bifhop and other
Dignitaries appertaining. The Government is
formed upon the Plan of that of Portugal , whi¬
ther Caufes of Appeal are remitted.
This Ifland hath another Town, called Ma-
chico , where there is likewife a good Road for
Ships. This Town and Road were fo called after
the Name of Adacham the Englijhman , who firft
difcovered the Place. Here are fixteen Sugar-
Houfes, called Ingenlos , which make excellent
Sugar. .
Here is great Plenty of divers Kinds of rruit;
as. Pears, Apples, Plumbs, wild Dates ; Peaches
of feveral Kinds ; Melons, Batatas, Oranges,
Lemons, Pomegranates, Citrons, Y igs, and all
Manner of Garden-Stuff. The Dragon-Tree
alfo grows here : But this Ifland is chiefly famous
for its good Wines, which are exported to many
pjaces#
On its North-Side, at three Leagues a Diflance,
ffands another little Ifland, called Porto Santo , [or
Puerto Santo ] the Inhabitants whereof fupport
themfelves by their own Hufbandry; for they
cannot be fupplied by AAadera , which yields but
little Corn b :* Itfelf chiefly furnifhed, in that Ar¬
ticle, out of France , and from the Ifland Tene¬
rife. On the Eaft-Side, fix Leagues Diflance,
lies another little Ifland, called the Defer t c, which
produces only Orchcl , and breeds a. great Number
of Goats for Provifion of the main Ifland.
MADERA is about thirty Leagues more or
lefs in Circuit. It is very high Land ; the fine
Trees, with which it abounds, growing on the
Mountains, through which the Water is very
curioufly conveyed by Mines to the Ingenios.
• Doubtlefs, a Miftake, for thirteen. The Diflance is about ^
thirty thoufand Venetian Stetras yearly ; aoou. one thou .an 6 L ' > Height lying off the South-Eaft
‘ Sir John 1 Varbormgb fays, the - Defer,, are barren, tfcttc is W,3er enough, and no
Point of Madera above a Mile from the Shore. In the „f Malian, p. \ Theft
Dangei
Iflands
ber.
thirty
the
the tormer Seftions. 6 voi. i. p- yy- , ““ in th
and other Circumftances he appears to be the Perfon reflefted on, ;y £F < Bcok"moipiy fr0m common Reports.
Account Of the Eaft Indies, printed at Edinburgh m 1727, is fo far from being a
Admitting this to be the Cafe, it contains many valuable Ren^h I o make 1 inqu ,
Fault, in our Opinion, that we think molt Travellers to blame rcr not bang mqu . has
SUPPLEMENT.
I. Introduction. Situation of Madera. Extent.
Firjl Difcovery. Towns and other Places, bon-
' dial. The Port. Fine Air. The Soil and Pro¬
duce. Wines, feveral Sorts. Malmfey engrojfed
by the fefuits. Fruits. Suckets , a Sweet- Meat .
Timber. Provifion. Trade and Commodities.
SOME Geographers, as Dapper , reckon Ma- htMlo*.
dera among the Canary iflands : But al¬
though Mr. Nicols deferibes it along with them,
yet it is manifeft he does not confider it as one
of their Number, fince he exprefly limits it to
2 the feven already deferibed.
It is likewife obfervable, that feme Authors
comprife two Iflands under the Name of Ata-
dera , viz. that properly fo called, and Puerto^
S;ntoe ; and it is common with us, as wet 1 as the
Portugueze and Spaniards , at this Day, to fay 1 he
Maderas. It is true, we do not at preftnt include
both thole Iflands under that Denomination ; but
a former Cuftom might have brought that Mode
of Expreffion in Ufe. ,
j We have no particular Account of this Eland,
but fuch Remarks as are to be met with in the
Relations of Voyagers ; wdio, commonly touching
onh' at one Port, without making any Stay, and
often without going afhore, afford but few
Materials towards a Description of the Whole.
However, we are furnifhed with fome peitinent
Remarks by two or three Authors : The firft is
Aluife da Cada Mojto , often before quoted , who
was at Madera in 1455- His curious Voyage to
e Cane Verd Iflands and Guinea is inferred
U s Italian Collecflion *, and will foon find a I lace
in ours. Mr. John Ovington, M. A. Chaplain to
King William, 'in his Voyage to Surat in ibbQ ,
558
Ixtcnt ,
Ttrjl dijCi •
vend.
Voyages /“t? tlx Coasts
has given a whole Chapter relating to Madera :
And Mr. 'John Atkins, Surgeon in the Navy,
who published a Voyage to Guinea, Braftl , and
the IVejl Indies , performed between the Years
1720 and 23, has done the like.
This Ifland, which had its Name from the
great Quantity of Wood or Timber growing on
it, lies between thirty-two Degrees twelve Mi¬
nutes, and thirty-two Degrees fifty Minutes of
Latitude, and between one Degree fifteen Mi¬
nutes of Longitude. Funnel fays, that by a good I
Observation, he makes the Ifland to lie in the
Latitude of thirty- two Degrees * twenty Minutes
North ; and Longitude, by his reckoning, from
London , eighteen Degrees five Minutes; but the
Latitude here is too general, unlefs he intended
it for Funchal ; which, by Sir John Nar borough’s
Obfervation, lies ten Minutes more to the South b ;
by our Chart it lies in about thirty-two Degrees
forty Minutes Latitude, and forty Minutes Eaft
ot Ferro. It is about feventy-five Miles long, <
and thirty broad.
Dr. FRIER , in his Account of Eajl India ,
&c. fays, this is the largeft Ifland in the Atlantick
Ocean c : But Tenerife may difpute the Advan¬
tage for Size. Some Adoderns make this Ifland
an hundred and forty Leagues, others an hundred
and fixty, in Circuit ; while Cada Mejlo, more
near the Truth, allows it to be but an hundred and
forty Aliles. I he fame Author oblerves, that it
has good Roads, but no Port d. Puerto Santo, <j
which is about twelve Leagues diftant, may be
feen from it in clear Weather.
Mr. OF1NGTON, in his Voyage to Surat,
obferves, that although Hiftorians aferibe the firff
Difcovery of Madera to John Gonfalvo and 777-
Jlan, under the Patronage of Henry , Infante of
Portugal c, yet the prefent Inhabitants give a diffe¬
rent Account thereof. They fay, that in the
Year 1344* an Fnglijh Gentleman f having mar¬
ried a Lady of a confiderable Fortune, and fet- e
ting out with her for France , from the Port of
Brijlol , was, by gufty Weather, and oppofite
Winds, driven to this Ifland : Here he landed ;
but finding it both uncultivated and unpeopled,
fell into an extreme Melancholy, and died. The
Mariners, however, let Sail with their Vefiel,
and landed fafely on the Coaft of Barbary]
where, falling into the Company of fome ingeni¬
ous Portuguese, they gave them an Account of
their Voyage, and the Ifland they had left; add- f
and Islands of Africa.
I ing, that they did not doubt to find it again,
provided they were furnilhed with Ships and
Aden. This excited the Attention of the Portu¬
guese, who promifed to apply to their Prince in
their Behalf; and, fucceeding with him, according
to their Willies, they fet forward, found the Ifland,
landed their Men; and, in a IhortTime, converted
the Wildernefs into a Garden of Pleafure s.
According to Cada Mojlo , Don Henry fir H Firji Seulint
fent Settlers thither, about the Year 1431, under
1 Trifan Tejfora and John Gonzales h Zarco , whom
he appointed Governors, who had then fhared
the Whole between them : The firft having
that Half where Machico Port lies ; and the other,
the Diftridt of Fonchal.
He alfo relates, that the Settlers, in order to#W»;W(
clear the Land, fet Fire to the Woods, which hap¬
pened to fpread with fuch Fury, as he had been told,
that feveral Perfons, with their Families, among
whom was Gonsales himfelf, to fave themfelves
from the Flames, were forced to take to the Sea * ;
where they flood up to their Necks for two Days
and Nights, without Suftenance.
It was then inhabited (according to the fame
Author) in four Places, vis. at Manchrico, Santa
Cruz , Fonchal, and Camera di Lobos k. There
were fome other Settlements ; but thefe were the
principal ; which, in the whole, could mufter
about eight hundred Men, including an hundred
Horfe *. Their Number is much increafed fince :
For Mr. Atkins informs us, that, in 1720, the
Ifland muffered eighteen thoufand Militia, which
were kept in good Order ; and proved very faith¬
ful ever fince the Revolution in Portugal, Anno
1640 m ; when it Ihook off the Spanijh Yoke.
In 1601, when Moquet was at this Ifland, it
had two Cities, the principal of which had two
Fortrefles ; the ftronger was garifoned with Spa¬
nijh, and the other with Portuguese, Soldiers.
This City, which he calls Madera, and muftFun:ha!.
be Funchal, is feated in a Valley, and at the Foot
of a Mountain ; Yrom whence, he fays, comes
Water in fuch abundance, fometimes, as to caufe
Inundations, which do much Damage ; carrying
away Bridges, Houfes, Churches, and other Edi¬
fices. The City was then as big as St. Dennis ,
(near Paris ) but very populous; to which con¬
tributed the great Number of Slaves, who worked
upon the Sugar, without the City. The whole
Ifland is fcattered over with Pleafure- Houfes \
lean de Cbux, who had married the Niece of Don
< r’5eCjK0v8e^‘-3, - bSee his Voyage to the Streights of Magellan, p. 3. « Dyer's Travels t 1
Coda Mop s Navigation, in Rear.ufo. . See before, /. 1 , . This was MachJ. VScTbLl
Native °} that tb/peonV 4’ others, Gonzaho. 5 Ovington fays, from the Account of the
wT ; * . Rp e WC7e fo;ced> their Prefervation, to betake themfelves to the Water. Voyage to
L - ’ P'n * . » ,enc{y fome tile Liicoverers divided the Ifland into four Parts. 1 See Cada Mop'*
Navigation, in Aamuh Vol. 1. / 97. - Minis Voyage to Guinea, Brafl, p. 28. » AWs Tra¬
vels and Voyages in 1601, p, ijt Lf fqq, a J 1
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559
uation and
mi •
Description of Madera.
Chrijloval de More, Vice-Roy of Portugal , was a fended by two large Fronts, and a third upon a
then Conful for the French ; who, as well as the Rock r, a little Diftance from the Shore, which
Englijh , Dutch , and others, had many FaClors is very ftrong by Nature.
there*. On the Rack of the Town (continues he) the
Ground rifes gradually to the Mountains, whidh c unt,3'
fpread feveral Miles, in Form of a Semicircle,
the whole Space being full of Gardens, Vine¬
yards, and Gentlemens Country-Seats, which
make a very agreeable Profpetft likewise. There
fall from the Mountains behind the Town, many
Sir JOHN NARBOROUGH, who was
here in 1669, obferves, that Funchal , or Fonchi-
ale , as he writes it, is fituate in a Bay, on the
South-Part of the Ifle, clofe to the Sea-fide; next
to which, it is walled, and well defended with
Ordnance. Frefh Water comes, running into
the Sea in the Middle of the Bay, from under an b fine Rills of Water, that are conveyed by Aque-
Arch in the Wall. The Shore confifts of great
Pebble-Stones in the Bay, and of Rocks in other
Places. The Eaft-Part of the Road is foul
Ground. Ships ride within Reach of the Can¬
non. The City is about an Englijh Mile in
Length, and three Quarters in Breadth. The
Bay lies in the Latitude of thirty-two Degrees
ten Minutes North, and ten Degrees one Minute
Weft of the Lizard b. j
dmfts for feveral Miles, with which the Inhabi¬
tants water their Gardens and Vineyards; it be¬
ing let-in at Pleafure, by Means of Cocks s.
FONC HIAL, fays Atkins , who was there
in 1720, is the Refidence of the Governor and
Bilhop h, a large and populous City, had five or
fix Churches, three Monafteries1, and three Nun¬
neries. The Nuns here are lefs ftrict than at
Lisbon ; for they will converfe and traffic with
BA R BOT, who was at Mcidera, in 1681, c you for Toys without Reftraint. The Jefuits
fays, that Funchal ftands at the Foot of an high Convent, or College, is the handfomeft ; and
Hill, and is of a narrow, long Form, defended
by three Forts or Caftles : That the King of Par -
tugaV s Adelantado, or Governor, generally rc-
fides there e.
here, as well as in all other Popijh Countries, this
Order take care to live well, and are mod refpedled
for their Learning and Riches. The reft of the
Inhabitants are a medley Breed of Portugueze,
OVINGTON obferves, that the Name of this Negros , and Mulattos , all upon a Level in Trade:
Town is Tunchal, or Tonzal : But, that fome call The Portugueze inter-marrying with all Colours,
it Funchal d, from the abundance of Fennel, which, without Scruple k.
they fay, grew there. It did not exceed a good The Port is troublefome and dangerous, efpe-jvr.
Country Town for Bignefs, in 1689, when he d cially in Weft and South -Weft Winds, on which
was there, yet contained near twenty Churches and Side the Road lies open j and there is no anchor¬
ing under forty Fathom above a Mile off Shore,
and that no-where, but at the W eft-End : So
that when a Swell from thefe Quarters gives No¬
tice of a Gale’s coming, there is no Remedy,
Chapels. It is the foie Place of T rade ; from
whence they export all their Wine, and their Sugar,
which is efteemed fuperior to any in the World.
The adjacent, rural Places (continues he) are
very mountainous ; but, however, they rival the
V allies in Fruitfulnefs and Delight. The Town
is refrefhed by feven or eight Rivers, with Variety
of Rivulets defeending from the Mountains ;
but flip Cable, and to Sea *. The Surf too is
generally fo great on the Beach, that the common
Method of Lading is to fwim off the Pipes to the
Launch, or elfe lade on the Beach, and then run
which, notwithftanding their Height and Steep- e her into the Water ; for the fame Reafon, the
nefs, are planted and improved as well as the
moft Champaign Ground in England. At the
Ntmoft Top of the Hills, the Corn thrives well ;
but the abundance of Clouds that breed there,
are prejudicial to the Grapes e.
Captain URING was at Funchal (or Fun-
Jbalj as he writes it) in 1717 : He fays, it is de-
only good Time for Watering, is before the Sea-
Breeze comes-on.
There is, indeed, a high Rock, called the
Loo , with a Fort upon it, where fmall Veflel*
may moor pretty fafe from thefe Wefterly Winds.
But if the Wind veers fo as to turn their Heads
to Seaward, all Hands immediately take to Shore,
* Moquet's Travels and Voyages in 1601, p. 19. b See Sir John Narborough's Voyage to the Streights of
Magellan , in 1669, p. 3. * See Barbot, in Churcbiir s Collection, Vol. 5. p- 524* d Molt Authors give it the
Name of Fonchal, only varying it to Funchal, Fonchiale , and the like. ' Ovington' s Voyage to Surat , p. 7.
ttf feqq. { This is the Loo , or Leeu'we, as the Dutch write it. s See Uring's Hiftory of his Voyages and
Travels, p. 334. b Suffragan to the Archbifhop of Lijbon. The Archbiffiop of the Eajt Indies formerly refided
here. See Wybants Van Warwick's Voyage, in 1602, in the French , Dutch Ea/i-lndia Voyages, Vol. 2. part
2. p. 500. * There were fome Monafteries, and Francifcan Friars, of the Order of Obfervants, in Cada
Mojlo's Time. k Atkins's Voyage to Guinea , &c. p. 26. 1 This is confirmed by Burbot, who fays, that
Ships may ride within Piftol-Shot of the Town; but that the Road is very bad, the South Winds often for¬
cing them from their Anchors ; in which Cafe they muft put to Sea, to avoid the two Iflands, called Dejiertas,
or Defarts . See Barbot, in Churchill's Collection, Vol. c. p. 524. ,
and
Fine Air,
V o y a g e s to the Coasts and Islands of Africa.
and leave the Ship to make the beft of it againft
the Storm by herfelf. Nor are the Lodgings a-
Ihore much eafier than the Road at Sea : You lay
upon a Cott, on the Floor, pelleted with Rugs
and Fleas a.
BARBO'T takes Notice, that, befides Fun¬
chal, there are two other Towns in Madera ,
viz. Moncerico and Santa Cruz-, with thirty- fix
Parilh-Churches, a College, and Monallery of
Jefuits, five other Monafteries,. four Hofpitals,
•and eighty-two Hermitages ; with feveral fine
Seats and Caftles about the Country b.
There are, according to our particular
Chart of this Ifiand, three Towns in it, all on
the Southern Side, viz. Marafylo, a fmall Place,
with a Bay or Harbour in the South -Weft End
of the Ifiand, where there is good Anchorage, in
twelve, fifteen, feventeen, and twenty Fathom.
Fonchial , in a large Bay, near the Middle ; and
Santa Cruz , in another open Bay or Road be¬
yond the former, towards the Eaftern Point of
Madera: Between which, and Santa Cruz , Ma-
chico , or Machatn s Town, muft be fituate ;
where, we are told by our Geographers, that
there is a handfome Church, and Cloifter of
Bernardines,
The Air of Madera is generally allowed to be
very good. Mr. Ovington allures us, that it is
very temperate, and feldom difturbed; the Heavens
being commonly finding and ferene. On this
Occafion, he obferves, that as thofe Climates,
which lie between the thirtieth and fortieth De¬
grees of Latitude, are generally free from the
Excefs of Heat, or Cold ; they therefore feem
to be belt fuited to the Delight of human Life,
as well as accommodated to the Conftitutions of
Mankind c.
MOffUET will have Madera to be the plea-
fanteft Place in the World to live in ; and the
Air very fweet and temperate : Whence, he
thinks it no Wonder, if the Ancients reckoned
it the Elyftan Fields, and as an earthly Paradife d.
According to Atkins, the Ifiand is rocky The Soil am
Mountains, intcrfperfed with fruitful Vales e :
Tire higheft Parts, Woods ; which are Haunts
for the wild Goats : The Middle, Kitchen Gar¬
dens: And the Bottom, Vineyards. The Roads
are bad ; for which Reafon, the Wines are
brought to Town in Hog-fkins f, upon Afles s.
CADA MOSTO's Account of this Ifiand
(though he was there fo early h) is better than
moft of thofe given by the Travellers fince his
Time. He obferves, that though the Country be
mountainous, yet the Soil is rich : That it pro¬
duced, yearly, thirty thoufand Venetian Stares 1
of Bread-Corn : That the Land yielded at firft
feventy to one Incrcafe ; but was then reduced to
thirty or forty, for want of good Hulbandry k.
It abounded every where with fine Springs ;
befides which, there are eight Rivers. This
great Plenty of Water firft fuggefted the Hint
to Prince Henry , of fending Sugar-Canes hither
from Sicily -, which, being moved into a ’warmer
Climate, yielded greatly ; and four hundred Can-
taros [each an hundred and twelve Pound large
Weight of Venice'] of Sugar had been made at one
Boiling1, and were likely to improve.
They had likewife good Wines for the Time,
fince their Settlement, and Plenty, fo as to ex¬
port large Quantities. Among other Vines, fome mres< ft™
Malvafia Plants, from Candia , were brought hi- ral So’“‘
ther by the Prince, which fucceeded very well.
This Soil proved fo well-fuited to the Vine, that
in general there are more Grapes than Leaves;
the Bunches very large, from two to four Spans
long m. They had likewife the black Pergola
Grape, without Ciollo , in Perfe&ion. And he
had been credibly informed, that they began
their Vintage about Eaf.ern.
The main Product of the Ifiand is Grapes,
a See Barbot, in Churchill's Colleftion, p. 27, Iff feqq. b Ibid. p. 524. c See Ovington' s Voyage to
SurdJ, p. 7. d See Mo quit's Travels and Voyages, in 1601, p. 17, Iff feqq. * Sir John Narborough fays,
at is a high Land, and has irregular Hills covered with Wood on the Top, and down the Side. See his Voyages,
p. 2. 1 Hence the Boraccio Tafte. 8 Atkins' s Voyage to Guinea, and Brafil, p. 23, Cf feqq b About 14c/
that is, thirty-five Years after its Difcovery-. 1 A Stare, is a Meafure of thirty-three Pound, Ogilby, p. 744!
makes about one thoufand eight hundred and fifty Quarters E ngli/h . k O*vington confirms this Decline of
fertility, and fays, that inftead of fixty for one, which was the original Increafe, it has gradually defeended to
twenty-five. Two Pages after he obferves, that they are fome Years under great Want of Com, becaufe the
.Gram, that grows here, produces not great Plenty ; fo that fometimes they are threatned with Famine : For
J rcvention or which, while he was there, in 1689, they preffed Ships, which anchored in the Road, and obliged
them, before they would allow them any Commerce to the Azores, to import a Quantity for their Subfiftence.
See ms v oyage to Sura t, p. 10. Captain Uring tells us, that there feldom grows more Corn than will fuf-
lK.e t.-.c Inhabitants for three Months ; and therefore they are fupplied from the neighbouring Iflands and other
Nations, both with that and other Provifions. See Uring' s Hiftory of his Voyages and Travels p -34
1 Sugar, \i<l. Atkins. I fuppofe, he means, at one Crop j for, reckoning it by Avoirdupois Pounds, this makes
twenty -eight Hogfheads at fixteen hundred per Hogfhead. m Ovington obferves, that the Allies after firing
.the Trees, contributed fo much to the Fertility of the Ground, that it at firft produced fixtv for one / the fruitful
V ines brought forth more Grapes than Leaves, Clufters of two or three Spans Length ; and in all its Produft
.their Beauty and Fertility were fo remarkable, that it gained the Title of%een of Ifiand:. See his Voyage to
.Surat, p. t>. n bee Lada Mojlo, in Ramujio , Vol. 1 . p. 98. 1 °
brought
D E S C R I P T I 0
brought hither from Candia , whereof there are ;
three or four Kinds, which make fo many diffe¬
rent Wines : One is coloured like Champaign ,
of little Efteem ; another is more ffrong, and
pale as White-Wine ; the third Sort is rich and
delicious, called Malmfey ; the fourth is Tinto ,
equalling Tent in Colour, but far inferior in
Tafte : It is never drank unlefs in other Wines,
with which it is mixt to give them a Tin&ure,
and to preferve them. And, for fermenting and
feeding them, they bruife ar.d bake a certain 1
Stone, called Jefs, of which, nine or ten Pounds
are thrown into each Pipe. The Madera Wine
has in it this peculiar Excellence, that it is meli¬
orated by the Heat of the Sun when it is pricked ;
for this End, it is neceflary only to open the
Bunghole, and expofe it to the Air a.
The Product of the Vine is equally divided
between the Proprietor and him who gathers and
prefles the Grapes : Y et, for the moft Part, the Mer¬
chant thrives, and is rich, whilft the Grape-gatherer
is but poor. Among the Merchants, the Jefuits
are none of the leaft considerable ; they have here
fecured the Monopoly of Malmfey , of which there
imfer. is but one good Vineyard in the whole Ifland,
*i Iff.h which is entirely in their Pofleflion. Twenty
(jtfuut. tj10upancj pjpes 0f Wine, by a modeft Computa¬
tion, may be reckoned the annual Increafe of the
Grapes; which Number is thus exhaufted and
fpent. Eight thoufand are thought to be drank
upon the Ifland, three or four are wafted in Leak¬
age, and the Remainder is exported moftly to
the Wtjl Indies , efpecia'lly Barbados, where it is
drank more liberally than other European Wines b.
ATKINS fays, that the Afhes of the Trees,
burnt by the Difcoverers, gave a vaft Fertility to
the Sugar-Canes, at their firft planting c, till a
Worm, getting into the Canes, fpoiled the In¬
creafe ; fo that it was then entirely planted with
■ 'through Vines, brought originally from Candia , which
; 1 Candia yiekj the ftrongeft Wines : That called Malmfey ,
is a rich Cordial, the beft made at the Jefuits Gar¬
den in Fonchial. Their Vintage is in September and
Oftober ; and the yearly Produce is about twenty-
five thoufand Pipes. This Wine is of two Sorts ;
one, brownifh ; and the other, red, called Vino tinto ,
N of M A DERA^ 561
from a general Opinion, that it is ftained ; which,
however, the Inhabitants firmly deny. They
are almoft all limed ; a Prefervative againft the
Heat of the Weft Indies , where no other Wines
keep fo well d.
This Ifland affords Store of Peaches, Apri- Frwo.
cots, Plumbs, Cherries, Figs, and W alnuts ;
and the Englijh Merchants, allowed to refide and
traffic here, have tranfplanted from England,
Currants, Goofeberries, Filberts, (Ac. which are
more kindly entertained in this Soil, than many
of their Fruits are in ours, which is too cold
and moift for rearing thofe of hot Climates.
The Bonanoe e is, with them, in Angular Efteem,
and even Veneration ; being reckoned, for its
Delicioufnefs, the forbidden Fruit. To confirm
this Surmife, they alledge the Extent of its
Leaves, judging them of a Size, fit to make
Aprons for Adam and Eve. It is almoft a Crime
inexpiable to cut this Fruit with a Knife, be-
caufe, after Difle&ion, it gives a faint Similitude
of the Crucifixion : And this, they fay, is to
wound Chrift’s facred Image. Oranges and Le¬
mons abound in fuch Plenty, that they drop into
the Difhes, while People dine under their Shade.
Plenty of Citrons grow here, of which theSueket, •
Natives make a delicate Sweetmeat f , called S%oeameatt
Sucket i and load with it, yearly, two or three
fmall Ships for France. The Sugar, which, in
candying them, they make ufe of, and is often
effe&ually prefcribed againft Confumptions, is but
rarely exported, becaufe of its Scarcity; which
hardly fupplies the Neceflities of the Ifland £.
Among the Trees, (it is Cada Mojlo whoT/mW*.
fpeaks) the Cedar and NafTo excelled h. The firft,
is very tall, thick, and ftreight ; and has a rich
Scent. It makes the fineft Boards ; and is chiefly
ufed for Building. The NafTo Wood is of a very
bright Red-Rofe Colour; and, befides Boards,
they made both Long and Crofs-Bows, which
had a juft Spring, and were extremely beautiful :
Thefe were fent to the IVefl. And they fupplied
all Portugal, befides other Places, with Boards
ATKINS found one Curiofity in their Gar¬
dens, called the Everlajling Flower k, which is fome-
thing extraordinary ; for, when plucked, it can-
» Ovington' s Voyage to Surat, p. 8, &feqq. b O-vingJon , ubifvbra, p. 9, & fejq. Captain Uring fays, they
make between twenty and thirty thoufand Pipes yearly ; which are bought up by the Enghjb, and tranfported to
their Plantations in America. See his Voyage, p. 334- , c {Wperfys, the Grafs grows fo high, they are forced
to burn Part of it ; which, the Sugar-Canes being planted, produce a Crop every half \ ear. He wrote, to¬
wards the Middle of the laft Century, before the Change, mentioned by Atkins, happened. bee Atkins s
Voyage to Guinea, &c. p. 24. ' Or, Banana. f Moquet fays, they make a great Quantity of excellent
Sweetmeats.; as, Marmalades, Quidnies, Candid Lemon, and the like; which are exported to other Countries
See his Travels, p. 19. Cada Mojlo likewife obferves, that, in his lime, they made feveral Sorts of excellent
Confedlions. See Ramufo, Vol. 1. p. 98. * Ovington, ibid. p. 10. We are told» elfe'vheg'
the chief Trees are the Dragon-Tree, and a Sort of Guaiacum; but not very good. See the Can‘Plete fffff'
pher. Burbot fays, that from the Plants, and Trees, are extrafted Sanguis Draconu, Mafic, and other Oums
See Cburcbiirs Collection, Vol. 5. f. 524. j See Cada Mofo, Ubifupra. * Atkins S Voyage to
Guinea, &c. p. ZJ.
Vol. I. N° 27. 4C
not
S6z Voyages to the Coasts
not be perceived at all to fade, after many Years. ?
It grows like Sage ; and the blower, like Camo¬
mile. The Author plucked feveral, which (hew¬
ed, at the Year’s End, every whit as frefli as
when gathered.
jw>„. CAD A MOSTO tells us, that in his Time,
the Elands abounded with Cattle, and other
Flefh. There were wild Hogs in the Mountains.
They had alfo wild Peacocks, fome white j and
Partridges : But no other wild Creature, except
Quails. The Author was told, by fome of the 1
Inhabitants, that the firft Settlers found an incre¬
dible Number of Pigeons, which they eafily
catched, by throwing Snares over their Necks,
whilft the Bird fat regardlefs on the Tree, not
knowing, and therefore not fearing,' any fuch
Treachery2. He obferves, this Story is the more
credible, as the fame has happened in fome other
Elands lately difcovered b.
The Provifions here, fays Atkins , are chiefly
Kid, Pork, with fometimes a lean Heifer, Cab¬
bages, Lemons, Oranges, Walnuts, Figs, Yams,
Bananoes, £5V. the Country fending-in what
Quantity they guefs will be taken-off, there
being no fixt Markets. c Captain Uring fays, they
'are generally fcarce and dear d.
'Trade and The Trade here is by Barter. Mr. Atkins
Commoditiei, obferves, that Provifions are moft demanded, fuch
as, Bread, Beef, Pork, Pilchard, Herring, Cheefe,
Butter, Salt, and Oil : The next, in requeft, are
dry Goods, viz. Hats, Wigs, Shirts, Stockings,
Kerfies, Sagathies, Crapes, Says, Shaloons, and
Broad -Cloths e, particularly black Suits, the ufual
' u Wear of the Portugueze. Houfehold Goods are
the lad and lead expended ; as, Efcritoires,
Chairs, Pewter, Pod-Paper, Accompt-Books, &c.
For tnefe they exchange { Wines, at thirty Mil-
reys per Pipe, but Malmfey is fixty, each Milrey
at fix Shillings and eight Pence Ca(h, and fix
Shillings in Bills; and they allow forty or fifty
per Cent, on an Invoice of any of the forenamed
Commodities : Some ot which are exported to
Brafil ; and for that Reafon, bear an extraordi¬
nary Price here at particular Times.
For the Reader’s Satis(a<dion, he inferts an
Account of what other little Traffic he had,
viz.
Sold two half-worn Suits for a Pipe of Wine.
Three fecond-hand Wigs Ditto.
and Islands of Africa.
Sold Loaf-Sugar at — — — it. 8^. 1689,
Chefhire Cheefe per Pound o 8 Oviogton
Beef, per Piece — — — 10
Bought Citron at — — — 13
Lemons, per C. — — 1 8 *
II. Farther Remarks on Madera.
By Mr. Ovington.
Englidi Merchants at Fonchial. Common Diet of
the Inhabitants. Their Temperance. Grave
Drefs. Their Houfes. No venomous Creatures
in Madera. Lefs fertile than formerly. TheiY
Marriages. Murder , a Virtue there. Clergy ,
numerous. Jefuits , their Chapel. Hofpital for
the Pox. Burials : Denied the Englifh, but
granted for Money. Cathedral Church. Lazy
Priejls. Englidi Sailors feduced. They snake
Reprifals on fome Priejls. The If and in an Up¬
roar. They are fet on Shore again.
THE Englifh Merchants, who refided inEngliAM
Madera , when Mr. Ovington was there, in ebrntu
1689, and were not above a Dozen, imitated the
Englifh Way of Living ; they invited their
Countrymen to their Country-Houfes ; where,
when tired with the Town, they diverted them-
felves in their rural Plantations. There they en¬
tertained them under the fpreading Boughs of
Oranges and Lemons, refreflied with Springs of
Water. Nature here difplayed a moft ravifhing
Scene. The Hills were all covered with Vines,
and the Vallies with ripe Grapes, which yielded a
fragrant Smell from the fruitful Vineyards. The
Groves and Woods were all fprightly and gay, no¬
thing feemed drooping or languid, but was finding
round about. The Air was clear, and made melo¬
dious by the Voices of Birds. The Ships and Ocean,
e whereon they looked, were at a convenientDiftance.
In (hort. Which Way foever they turned them-
felves, ftill new Charms arofe, from that admirable
Variety of Obje&s, which furrounded them \
The ordinary Food of the poorer Sort, is Ut-CmmnV
tie elfe, in the Time of the Vintage, but Bread,
and ripe Grapes. Were it not for this great Ab-
ftemioufnefs, the Danger of Fevers, in the hot
Seafon, would be rarely avoided ; and the vene-
8 Alcaforado takes Notice of the Gentlenefs and Familiarity of the Birds in general. b Coda Mofio't,
Navigation, in Ramufio, p. 97. c See Atkins' s Voyage to Guinea, p 26 See his Voyages, p.-
,r 6 e Captain Uring fays, that they have their Wearing- Apparel moftly from England, and their Linen
from Holland, by Englifh Ships, which trade from thence to that Eland, and the Englifh Plantations. See his
Voyages P Vi4- f The Commodities they exchange, acccording to Dapper, are Sugar, Honey, Wax,
Oranges’ Citrons, Lemons, Pomegranates, Wines, and Leather: They carry on a Trade with all Countries ;
whence it is obferved, that the Inhabitants are much ci viler than thofe of the Canaries. To the abovemen.
tioned Commodities Dumpier adds Maddar, Vol. 4. p. 3. Coda Mofto alfo obferves, that they had Wax and
Honey; but in no great Quantity. See Ramufio, Vol. 1. p. 98. 8 See Atkins s Voyage to Guinea, and.
real
Brafil, p. 25. h See Ovington' s Voyage to Surat, p. 12, Cr feqq.
Description a/' Madera.
563
real ExcefTes, to which they are ftrangely ad- a Mr. Ovington imputes, in great Meafure, to the 1689
W0?' jrrL.j ^ Heat nf the Parties marrvinsr without a previous Knowledge, Ovmgtoi
Ivington.
■intranet.
dided, joined to the immoderate Heat of the
'Place, would be apt to put Nature under various
Diforders. Therefore Men of the greateft Con-
fequence and Fortune feldom exceed the allowa¬
ble Bounds of Drinking; and accuftom them-
Parties marrying without a previous Knowledge, Ovirgton.
or even Interview, of each other. On this Oc- ‘w“*
cafion he informs us, that, during his Stay upon
the Bland, a young Gentleman, whofe Fortune Marriages,
was valued at fixty thoufand Dollars, courted a
felves to a very fpare Diet! Nor are they apt to young Lady of eight thoufand, and proceeded to
f-hpir ordinary Marriage. without having had fo much as one
impofe their Wine upon others in their ordinary
Compotations : But the Servant, attending, holds
the Bottle in his Bland, and, pouring into the
Glafs what the Gueft pleafes, delivers it to him ; b
fo that he may either indulge, or let it alone.
When the Company breaks up, the Porches and
Entries of the Houfes, and, particularly, the pri¬
vate Place behind the Door, are allowed for the
Convenience of making Water; becaufe, that
Adtion, in the Streets, is reputed indecent; and
liable to the Cenfure of Drunkennefs a.
>r.„D„r,. The People mightily affea Gravity in their
Garb, and wear Black, in Compliance (as Mr.
Ovington imagined) to the Clergy, who claim fo c
much Authority among them. But they cannot
live without the Spado and the Dagger ; thofe
infeparable Adjun&s, even of Servants waiting at
Table, who proudly ftrut with the Difhes in their
Hands, and a Bafket-Hilt to a Sword, at leaft, a
Yard long, even in the Midft of Summer.
■Uts. Their Houfes too are plain ; for they are at
no great Expence either for Building or Furni¬
ture ; fome of them fhoot up a little in Height ;
for the general, they are flat-roofed ; the Win- 1
dows are unglazed, and kept open all Day ; be¬
ing clofed by wooden Shutters at Night.
kommmui The Soil breeds no venomous Creature b.
Creatures. Lizards, indeed, of which they have here an in¬
finite Number, are very deftrudive to their Fruits,
and Grapes : But Snakes and Toads, which
fwarm fo prodigioufly in the Indies , find here no
Entertainment c.
Lrfs fertile The Fertility of this Bland is much abated
’■bin formerly, from what it was in the Time of its firft Planta¬
tion ; and the continual breaking-up of the
Ground has, in many Places, impoverifhed its
Productions ; fo that they are obliged to let it lie
fallow for three or four Years : After which Time,
if there fprings-up no Broom, they conclude it
quite barren. They aferibe the prefent Barrennefs
of much of their Land, to their Vices, efpeci¬
ally their Leudnefs. The Hufbands fetting their
Wives an ill Example, the latter make no Scru¬
ple to indulge their Inclination, when they find
an Opportunity ; efpecially with Strangers. This,
Marriage, without having had
Sight of her, excepting what was allowed him
the Day before. Being then in her Brother’s
Company, he efpied, through a Lattice, two
young Ladies, and, imagining one of them to be
his Miftrefs, was curious to inquire, Which of
them was fhe? To this Queftion he received no
more Satisfaction, than, To-morrow , Sir, is Time
enough for that.
In treating about Marriage, their principal In¬
quiries are into the Family, and Defcent of the
Courtier, for preventing Alliances with Moors or
Jews, who are very numerous there. To join
in Matrimony with any of them, is efteemed a
Debafement; efpecially in a Woman. Neither
muft any of them marry Englijh Merchants,
(whofe Perfons are very acceptable to the befi of
Families) unlefs he firft changes his Religion.
Sometimes, indeed, an Objection is made on Ac¬
count of Fortune : For it has been known, that
an Inequality that Way, has been deemed, by
their fubtil Cafuifts, a juft Plea for diffolving a
Contract : But he never imagined, that Sobriety
1 could be made an Obftacle, till he was told of an
old Gentlewoman, who had ordered a young Spark
to give over his Addrefles to her Daughter ; be¬
caufe, being informed, that he had always enjoyed
a good State of Health, and had never debauched •
himfelf with Women, or been known to have
laboured under any Venereal Difeafe, fhe con¬
cluded it was owing to the Weaknefs of his Con-
ftitution ; and, confequently, that he was not fit
to be her Son-in-law d.
e Murder here is in a Kind of Reputation j Murder,
and it is made the Chara&eriftick of any Gentle-
man of Rank or Fafhion to have dipt his Hands
in Blood. The chief Source of this execrable
Crime is the Protection it receives from their
Churches ; which Sort of Sanduaries are very
numerous : Funchal being full of them, as hath
been already obferved ; befides many more dif-
perfed through their Country Plantations. . The
Indulgence given to fuch Malefactors .is the
f greateft Reproach to Religion and Humanity. It
is enough, if the Criminal can lay-hold on the
■ See Voyage to Sura,, p. , 4. “All Poifons (fays the Author), are fome
to be either hot and inflaming, as Euphorbium ; or cold, a* Opium , > > Oninion that there is
thofe Qualities may be found in the Elements here, as well as m other egions, • ^ Country of noted
more Reafon to fuppofe fuch noxious Animals might be bred here than m '* - an. , , paffive, and of
Humidity; and no Poifons, they fay, are limply humid, becaufe Humidity is ^Quality -purely paw ,
fcfelf incapable of caufing Pain. * Ibid. p. 15 . ^>d. P- 1 > 0 /
4 C 2
Horns
564 Voyages to the C oasts
1689. Horns of the Altar: And the utmoft Penalty
Ovington. they infli& is Baniihment or Confinement ; both
which, by large Prefents, may be bought off.
Clergy numt . The Clergy here are very numerous, and
r«". daily increafe, as well as in other Popijh Coun¬
tries, to the great Oppreffion of the Laity, with
whom they feem to vie for Multitude a. It is
fcarce imaginable, how fo many rich Ecclefi-
afticks can be fupported by the Labours of fo few
People. But, to abate this Wonder, they tell
us, that none of their Nation is admitted to the
Priefthood, who is not poffeffed of fome Patri¬
mony, to avoid being a Burden to the Church.
They admit none into Orders who are defcended
from either Jews or Moors ; and yet this Caution
is not obferved by them at St. Jaquest where
Native Africans officiate as Priefts.
Jefuitt, The Jefuits, of all the Orders, are in chief
Repute j which they attain to by the eafy Abso¬
lutions given their Penitents, as well as their pre¬
tending to ftri&er Sandfity, and a more unble-
mifhed Chara&er, than the reft. For this End,
they clofely conceal, from public Notice, all the
Enormities and Irregularities, as well as leffer
Defedls of their Members, except what appeared
in their Ignorance, which was fo remarkable,
that fcarce one in three of thofe, Mr. Ovington
converfed with, underftood Latin. If any De¬
linquent is expelled the Convent, his Faults are
Rifled, and kept as fecret as Confeffion, left the
Scandal, which fuch Reports might reflect upon 1
their Society, fhould diminifh that Veneration of
the Vulgar, which they fo zealoufly affedt. The
only Reafon vouchfafed to any Querift, for their
Bxpulfion, is, He was unworthy of our Society b.
fieirCbafel, The Jefuits Chapel is by far the moft fplendid
of all their Churches, which the Author chanced
to view in the greateft Luftre, it being on St.
Ignatius’s Eve, (as they are pleafed to term
him) a Time obfervable for the Magnificence of
the Ceremony and Pomp : Variety of the choiceft e
Anthems were fung, accompanied with the
fweeteft inftrumental and vocal Mufic. The
Vigils of all their Saints, as well as that of John
the Baptijl , are celebrated- with abundance of
finning Lights, placed upon the Tops of their
Steeples, after Sun-fet. But the Illuminations,
this Night, about the Jefuits Oratory, far out-did
tfre reft of the Apoftles Eves, and dazzled the
Eyes of the Spe&ators at a Diftance. Some of
the Chapels, as well as Houfes, are built upon f
fuch fteep, declining Hills, that they feem to en¬
danger the Precipitation of fuch as come out of
them ; and, queftionlefs, the Protedfion of the
Saint is extolled for the Deliverance from thofe
Perils.
and Islands of Africa!
Near the Jefuits Chapel is a certain Hofpitsl,
much frequented by the Natives, eredfed for the Ovingi
Entertainment and Cure of fuch as are infedted *— v .
with the Venereal Difeafe. Several of thefe In-*#"-*
valids made fo ghaftly and frightful a Spedfacle,^' P‘*'
that the Sight of them would be enough to deter
any Body from the Pradlice of fuch vicious
Courfes. Yet, in this Place, a modeft Salute is
an unfufferable Offence ; and they met with but
one female Penitent who (hewed any Signs of
b Contrition c.
Their Churches are moft commonly made Burials,
ufe of for Repofitories of their Dead. The Corps
is curioully dreffed and adorned ; yet, in the In¬
terment, they mix Store of Lime with the Earth,
to haften the Confumption of itj by which
Means, there is Room made, within a- Fortnight,
for a frefh Body.
But as their Church allows no charitable Denied a
Thoughts to the Souls of Heretics, fo does itE,)8liA*
c forbid all Kindnefs to their dead Bodies: The
Englijh, who die there, are treated with mose
Deteftation than what is fhewn to the Carcafes of
Beafts and Birds ; for their Corps are not fuffered
to be interred on Land, but are caft into the Sea.
Mr. Ovington gives an Inftance of this more
than favage Barbarity, in an Englijh Merchant,
who, dying at Madera , the reft of his Country¬
men willing to give him a decent Interment?;
and, at the fame Time, to avoid expofing him.to-
1 the Rage of the People, or the Clergy’s Indigna*
tion, by a public Burial, concluded to depofit
him among the Rocks, the better to conceal the
Body. But this coming to the Knowledge of
the Portugueze , they dragged it from the Place
where it lay, up and down the Iiland, and expo-
fed it to the Contempt of the Inhabitants, till
they threw it into the Ocean.. This Inhumani¬
ty, which is carried even beyond the Grave, is
propagated as far as their Plantations in the Eaft ;
where, if any Proteftant chance to die, no Place
is allowed for his Reception, nor thought vile
enough for his Sepulchre. The very Corps of a
rank Heretic, it feems, is enough to infeft a
Catholic Country ; and, to perform one of the
moft binding Duties of Humanity, a mortal Sin.
And yet a Sum of Money (all-powerful Money !) Granted ft
removed all the cruel Qualms of the Priefts in a Mmb
like Cafe : For thus they folved the Difficulty
concerning an Englijh Child, who had been clan-
deftinely interred there, that if it were immedi¬
ately taken up, and then baptized after their
Manner, and fo made a Member of their Church,
it might be admitted among, their Dead. This
Conciufion was approved of as canonical; for the
Child was baptized, buried after their Man-
* Mr. Ovington was himfelf a Clergyman, one of King William's Chaplains,, fo that. he cannot be fufpedecl
as fpeaking through Malice. b Ibid, p, 23,. fcf feqq. f Ibid., p. 25, z6>
3- Mh
1689*
D»ington,
itbedral
MR b.
txj Vritjh,
ng-lifh Sat-
71 /educed.
fait Rtpri
It on tbe
ritjh.
Descriptio
ner, and re-depofited where it had been taken
up *.
The Canons of the Cathedral Church, which
Hands about the Midft of the City, are as exqui-
fite in their Contrivance, to indulge their Eafe, as
the others were in finding out a Quirk for admit¬
ting the Interment of a Heretic in Orthodox
Ground. The Conftitutions of their Church
oblige their Attendance at Prayers, by four o’Clock
in the Morning. But becaufe fuch early Rifing
is very troublefome, efpecially to corpulent Men,
therefore they agree, that the Clock fliall never
firike four, till it really be five ; always fetting it
an Hour flower than the Sun, that they may
pun&ually indulge their own Repofe, by this
mock Obedience to the Orders of their Church.
Yet, however hypocritical they may appear
in this Inftance, they all pretend a mighty Zeal
for their Faith ; efpecially in the Converfion of
Strangers. Some of the Sailors, belonging to
the Ship Mr. Ovington went in, having been
miffing, nor to be found after diligent Search,
the Captain and others conje&ured, that the Je-
fuits muft have been concerned in fecreting them ;
their Zeal for making Profelytes of them being
generally more flaming than that of the other
Orders : They therefore applied to the Gover¬
nor to caufe an Inquiry to be made after them in
the College of the Society ; but found his Power
could not reach it. The Time of their Depar¬
ture drawing near, and being loath to leave the
Men behind, the Captain, who was gotten with¬
in Gun-fhot of the Citadels, manned out his
Pinnace with twelve or fourteen Hands, well
provided with Arms, appointing them to row
along the Shore, and apprehend, if poffible, fome
of their Fifhers, to fupply the Places of his Sai¬
lors b.
As they cruized along, they met, by Chance,
with a comely Abbott and a Vicar, coming up to
Funchal , from the Country, in a Boat. The
Reverends were ftrangely furprifed, to find them-
felves fo unexpectedly fnapped by a Boat's Crew j
but they were quite confounded, on being told,
that they muft bid Farewel to all their Friends
and Feftivities at Madera ; and, that they muft
prepare to undertake an Indian Voyage, unlefs
the Jefuits reftored their Men, whom they had
pirated on Shore. At this Declaration they feern-
ed quite thunderftruck, venting their Grief in
Groans and Sighs ; But, as foon as they had re-
n a/Madeh, <■ 565
a covered a little out of this Confternation, they 1689.
difpatched an Exprefs, with a Letter, to the Go- Ovington.
vernor, paffionately imploring him, for the Sake u—
of God, and the Virgin Mary , by fome Means
or other, to procure their Liberty. At the fame
Time, the Captain wrote to the Englijh Conful
on Shore, fignifying his Reafons for atfting as he
had done.
These Letters were no fooner received and Ikt IJland
read, but the whole Place was in an Uproar about an uProar'
b their Priefts ; declaring, that if they were not
releafed, all the Englijh fhould fuffer for it. This
ftartled the Merchants on Shore, who began to
think of providing for their Safety. They found
there was no pacifying the enraged Multitude,
who gathered upon the Strand with loud Excla¬
mations, Our Padres ! Our Padres ! and there¬
fore, left the Captain fhould be in earneft, and
prove inexorable, they got Leave to go on board,
and carried along with them Money for a Voyage ;
C for they durft not return without the Priefts.
On Sight of the Englijh Merchants, a fudden They an Jet
Joy fprung up in the Faces of the Priefts, who0”^*
told them their Cafe, and withal the Hopes they
had of being releafed by their Means. The Cap¬
tain, who heard all this, beginning to refleCI up-
the extreme Inconvenience that might be
on
brought upon the Englijh , in cafe he fhould de¬
tain the Priefts, refolved to fend them all on Shore j
for he judged (fays the Author) that they would •
d be as ufelefs to him at Sea, as they commonly are
at Land, and a Burden to either Element c.
III. Of Puerto Santo, and the JJland of
St. Brandon.
PUERTO SANTO , according to Cada Mojlo , Nam:,Dij-
was difeovered about the Year 1418 d, by the"*"*
Portuguese, on All Saints Day, whence it takes
its Name e ; and Don Henry of Portugal firft
e fent Inhabitants to fettle there under Bartholo¬
mew Perejlrello f, whom he appointed Gover¬
nor 6. It is about fifteen Miles in Circuit h.
The fame Author fays, this Ifland bears good ProduEtu
Bread-Corn, and Oats enough for itsownUfe:
But abounds with Oxen and wild Hogs 1 ; and of
Conies there are innumerable. Among other
Trees, it produces the Drago, the Sap or Juice Dragon*
is drawn out at certain Seafons only of the h ear, Tru,
when it iflues into fome Cuts or Clefts, made with
f an Ax, near the Bottom of the Trunk, the Year
» See Ovington, p. 27, iff feqq. » Ibid . p. 29 , & feqq- e Ibid. p. 3* «> 3!T* *
e De Faria affigns another Reafon, fee before, p. 11. f In Ramufo, Pollajirello. e 1 ^7
Ifland, and the great Increafe of Rabbits, is already related from de Farta y Swft, P- 1 1 > 'v 1 fome
Alcaforado. Relation Hiforiepue de Madera, p. 86. * Burbot fays, eight Leagues : Others n^fome
Jefs. It is about twelve Leagues to the North-Eaft of Madera. ' ‘ fnJf '//' md-Kin^
Santo in 1595, it abounded with Corn, Wine, and Oil, and had good Store of Sheep, Alfes, ■ ■ > •
There was alfo Plenty. of Fowl, Fifh, and Fruits, See Hakluyt'1 % .Collection of \ oyage*, vo . 3. p- 5/
before'
$66
Voyages to the Coasts
before. Thefe are found full of a kind of Gum,
which decocted and depurated a, is the Dragon’s
Blood of the Apothecaries. The Tree bears a
Fruit that is well tafted, and round like a Cherry,
but yellow. Here is the beft Honey and Wax in
Prmfm, the World, but not in any Quantity. There is
alfo Plenty of good Fifh about it ; fuch as Den-
tali, gilded Fifh b, and others.
No Ports. It has no Port, but good Mooring in the
Road, which is fheltered on all Sides, but be¬
twixt South and Eaft ; the Winds blowing from
this Quarter, make it unfafe Riding here. Thus
far Cada Mojio c.
’Taken by the In April, 1 595, Captain A mi as P ref on, (after-
Englift. wards Sir A mi as ) with only fixty Men, took the
Ifland and chief Town, which was very hand-
fome and large. The Inhabitants fled with their
Goods to an exceeding high Hill near the
fame, which the Englijh durft not attack. The
Enemy would have ranfomed the Town, but it
was burnt down in Revenge of former ill Treat¬
ment. The like was done by the reft of the
Villages on the Bland, which was at that Time
inhabited by old Soldiers, whom the King of
Portugal uled to place there, to reward their
former Services d. In 1 68 1 , when Barbot failed
that Way, Puerto Santo had on it fome Villages
and Hamlets e.
St.Biandoii’i W it h regard to the Bland of St. Brandon f,
mentioned by Mr. Nicols , it may not be amifs to
cite what Linfchoten writes about it. On the
Right of the Canary Iflands, fays this laft Author,
about an hundred Leagues from Hiero , or Ferro g,
there has been often defcried, by Accident, an
Bland, called by the Mariners San Borondon , or
Boranora ; which thofe who have feenitfpeak much
in Praife of, as a very delightful Place, all over
green, well furnifhed with Trees, and having
Plenty of all Manner of Provifion. It is faid to
be inhabited by Chrijlians ; but of what Coun¬
try, or Language, no Man can tell: Neither
could the Spaniards , who, from the Canaries ,
have often gone in Queft of it, ever find it out.
Hence fome fuppofed it was an inchanted Bland,
which never appeared to thofe who fought after
it : Others, that it had its Days and Times of
being vifible, and then vanifhed ; or that, by
Means of Currents, Ships are driven from it.
JJJe.
and Islands of Africa.
aTBut others conje&ure, that the Bland being finall, t^.2 r
and almoft covered with Clouds, Ships are driven Alcaforad
from it by the Force of the Currents thereabout.'— — V-
However, it is held for Truth, fays he, that there
is fuch an Bland, and at fuch a Diftance from
the Canaries as above-mentioned, the Fa& having
been attefted by Perfons who were upon the
Place h. For all this, St. Brandon muft be con-
fidered as afidfitious Ifland, like that of O Brafl,
affirmed by fome Authors to play, like this, at
b Bo-peep with Mariners.
SECT. VII.
An Account of the Difc every of the If and of
Madera.
Written in Portugueze by Francifco Alcaforado,
and here abridged.
SEVERAL Authors have given an Ac- introdutih
count of the Difcovery of this Bland. Juan
de Barr os, the Titus Livius of the Portugueze ,
fpeaks of it briefly in the firft Decad of his Afa.
Doctor Manoel Clemente hath written the Hiftory
of it in Latin , which he dedicated to Pope Cle¬
ment the Fifth. Manoel Tome alfo has com-
pofed a Latin Poem on the fame Subjedl, under
the Title of Infulana : Antonio Galvano mentions
this Difcovery in a Treatife of Difcoveries that
had been made [chiefly by the Spaniards and Por-
d tugueze] till the Year 1550 \ And Manoel de
Faria y Soufa , the illuftrious Commentator of
Camoens , cites this laft Author on the fifth Stanza
of the fifth Canto of the Lufads , an epic Poem
of that Prince of Portugueze Poets k : But Fran¬
cifco Alcaforado , who was Efquire to Don Henry ,
Infant of Portugal , (the firft great Promoter of
Difcoveries) wrote a complete Relation before
any of the Authors mentioned, and much bet¬
ter than them all, which he prefented to that
G Prince.
No Perfon was more capable of giving an ex-
a£t Account of that Event than Alcaforado , fince
he was one of thofe who affifted at the fecond
Difcovery. It was firft publifhed in Portugueze ,
by Don Francifco Manoel ; and afterwards, . be¬
ing tranflated into French , appeared at Paris 1 in
1671, in a fmall Twelves, and large Print, con-
a By this Account, it feems to be an infpiflated Juice. b Orate Vecchio. c See Ramufo's Colle&ion of Voy¬
ages, vol. 1 . p. 96. d See Hakluyt's Collection, vol. 3. p. 578. e Barbot in Churchill's Collection, vol. 5.
p. 524. f This Ifland is fo named in the French Tranflation of the Dutch Eaf India Voyages ; but in the
Englijh Tranflation, Boranora ; and in the Latin of de Bry, Borodon. This laft Verflon makes the Diftance
from the Canaries an hundred Miles ; but the French and Englijh , an hundred Leagues. By the Right-ftde of
Ferro , muft be understood to -the Weft of it. s Nicols places it between Madera and Raima , with which
the Situation given it by Linfchoten may agree, if by the Right, or to the Right of the Canaries , be underftood
the North. h See Linfchoten' s Voyages, p. 177. * It was printed in 1560. Hakluyt tranflated
jt, and publilhed it in Quarto; and Purchas has inferted an Abftraft of it in his Pilgrims, vol. 2. p. 1671.
k De Faria alfo gives an Account of this Difcovery in his Portugueze Afia , cited in this Work. See before,/. 1 16.
1 Under the 'Li tie of Relation Hijlorique de la Decon/erte de Fife de Madere.
taming
Description c/Madera, 567
till, tainingan hundred and eighty-five Pages, befides ;
Ucaforado. the Preface, which takes up twelve : From
whence we have cited the foregoing Particulars,
The Hiftory likewife, which we have given,
is extradled from the French Edition, for we have
not feen the Portuguese, nor can we fay when it
was printed : But what the anonymous Tranffa-
tor remarks, that Don Francifco keeps the ori¬
ginal MS. with great Care , feems to imply, that
the Portuguese Impreflion did not long precede
the French.
The French Tranffator acknowledges, that
he hath altered the Stile, which was very poe¬
tical, and {truck out feveral ufelefs^ as well as
tedious Comparifons, Digreffions, Etymologies,
and Refleaions ; but declares, that he hath ftria*
ly preferved the Truth and Subftance of the
Hiftory, fo as not to vary from it in the leaft, or
omit the fmalleft material Circumftance.
It is remarkable, that there is no Mention of
Machin , Machan , Macham , or Marcham , the
Author of this Difco very, in the Englijh Hiftories;
infomuch, thac Hakluyt is beholden to Galvano
above-mentioned for the imperfea Account he
gives of that Tranfaaion a. By the following
Abftraft, the complete Hiftory becomes our own ;
and we fhall be no longer Strangers to an Event,
which has for fo many Ages rendered an Englijh-
man famous in foreign Countries.
W e muft not, however, omit to obferve,
that fome Objeaions lie againft this Hiftory, on
Account of certain Circumftances (taken notice
of in their Places) which do not quadrate with
the Time of the Author. Thefe, it muft be
confefled, {hew either, that the Tract in Queftion
is not genuine, or that it has been interpolated.
How far this laft Objection may be admitted,
without Prejudice to the Authority of the Whole,
muft be left to the Judgment of our Readers.
We {hall only add, that fo far as relates to
Macham , agrees very well with the Tradition of
the Inhabitants of Madera , related by Mr. Oving-
ton b.
The HISTORY.
Machin’r Mijlrefs. He carries her off to Sea.
Driven upon a Jlrange If and. Death of his
Mijlrefs. He dies himfelf. The reft of his
Company returning , are enfaved in Marokko.
TheTaking of Ceuta. Gonfalvo difccvers Puerto
Santo: Meets with Morales. Brings him to
Prince Henry of Portugal. Is fent to difcover 142 i.
Madera. Comes to Puerto Santo. Frighted by A caf.iraH*.
a Cloud hanging over Madera. Arrives there.
Machin’r Tomb. Santa Cruz. Delightful Si¬
tuation. Gonfalvo returns. Second Voyage to
Madera. Funchal built. Gonfalvo rewarded.
IN the Reign of King Edward the Third of ’)^>Shc?'s
England , one Robert a Machin c, a }oung
Gentleman d of Genius and Courage, falling in
Love with a beautiful young Lady of a noble
Family, called Ann d'Arfet , and making his
Addreftes to her, foon won her Affections from
all his Rivals. This her Parents obferving, and
not brooking the Thoughts of any inferior Alli¬
ance, in order effe&ually to prevent it, procured
a Warrant from the King, and kept Robert in
Cuftody till they got the Lady married to a cer¬
tain Nobleman, (whofe Name Machin would
never difcover ;) who, as foon as the Ceremony
was over, took the young Bride with him down
to his Seat at Bri/lol.
Thus all being fecured, our Knight eafily ob¬
tains a Difcharge from his Confinement : But
ftung with a high Senfe of this Injury, and at the
fame Time goaded-on by Love, he fets his Wits
to work ; and engaging fome of his Friends and
Relations to aflift him in his Enterprize, carried
them down after the new-married Couple. The
firft Thing to be done, was to get one of them
| into the Family ; who, being taken-in as Groom,
had an Opportunity of acquainting the Lady with
her Lover’s Defign, and the Meafures he pro-
pofed to take ; to all which {he yielded a ready
Compliance.
Accordingly, when all Things were pre- ^
pared, fhe took a Ride on the Day appointed, er<#*
under Pretence of Airing (which, to prevent
Sufpicion, {he had ufed for fome Time before,)
attended onlv by her Groom, who brought her
2 to the Channel -Side : Where fhe was handed into-
a Boat, and carried {freight aboard a Ship that
lay ready for the Purpofe. e
As foon as Machin had gotten his Treafure a-
board, he, with his Aflociates, immediately fet
fail, to get out of Reach of Purfurers, intending
for France ; but being ignorant of the Sea, and
the Wind blowing a hard Gale, they miffed their
Port, and next Morning faw themfelves loft in
the Middle of the Ocean.
f In this miferable Condition they were tolled
a Hakluyt' s Colle&ion, vol. 2. part z. p. 1. ~ occ uwvn., t. . , f Authors
Hakluyt, call him Macham. The Year of his Adventure is not exprefly marked by w [n Jrragon,
lalvano's Account, which is very flhort, only mentions, that mi 344 * J*c f° jTmvprp| hv^one Macham
he Chronicles of his Age reported, that about this Time the Ifland of Mm era was 1 ^ Author fays, he
in Englijhman : The reft is the fame with what has been given before, p. n-
>vas of the fecond Degree of Nobility.
b See before, p. 558. d.
Galvano, and from him
about
S68
1421.
Alcaforado.
Driven upon
an Ijland,
ikatb of lit
flhjlreft.
Diet b'mfelf.
Voyages to the Coasts
about ahnoft at the Mercy of the Waves, war^- ;
dering without a Pilot for thirteen Days : At the
End of which, they chanced, by Break of Day,
to defcry fomething very near them, that looked
like Land j which, as the Sun rofe, they could
diftin&ly difcern to be fuch, being covered with
Trees, which they were entire Strangers to.
They were not lefs furprifed with feveral
unknown Kinds of Birds that came off Land ;
and perched on the Mails and Rigging, without
the leaft Signs of Fear.
As foon as they could get the Sloop out, fome
of them went to fearch the Coaft ; who, return¬
ing with a good -Report of the Place, though un¬
inhabited, it was not long before our Adven¬
turer, attended by his beft Friends, carried his
Miftrefs aihore, leaving the reft to take Care of
the Ship. The Country, upon their landing, ap¬
peared very agreeably diverfified with Hills and
Vallies : The firft thick ihaded with Variety of
unknown Trees ; and the latter enriched with
cooling Rivulets of frefh Water. And here fe¬
veral wild Beafts came about them, without of¬
fering any Violence. Thus encouraged, they
marched farther into the Land, and prefently
came to an Opening, like a roundifh Meadow,
encircled with a Border of Laurels, and watered
by a fmall Rivulet ; which, in a Bed of very fine
Sand, ran down from the Mountains through it.
Here likewife, upon an Eminence, they found
amoft beautiful Tree, whofe Shade inviting them,
they concluded to take up their Abode under it,
for awhile at leaft ; and accordingly with Boughs
built themfelves Huts. In this Place they patted
their Time very agreeably, making farther Dif-
coveries of the Country, and admiring its ftrange
Productions : But their Happinefs was of {hort
Duration, for three Days after, it blew a Storm
at North-Eaft ; which, driving the Ship from
her Anchor, threw her upon the Coaft of Ma-
rokko ; where, fuffering Shipwreck, all the Com¬
pany were taken as Slaves by the Moors , and fent
to Prifon.
Next Morning, thofe on Land miffing the
Ship, concluded fhe had foundered, and was gone
to the Bottom. This new Calamity drove them
all to Defpair, and proved fo afflicting to the Lady,
that fhe did not long furvive it. The ill Succefs at
their firft fetting out had funk her Spirits, and fhe
continually fed her Grief by fad Prefages of the
Enterprize’s ending in fome tragical Cataftrophe ;
but the Shock of this laft Difafter ftruck her
dumb, fo that fhe never fpoke more till fhe ex¬
pired, which happened three Days after.
This Lofs being too great for our Lover to
furvive, he died himfelf within five Days, not-
withftanding all his Companions could do to com¬
fort him j begging them, at his Death, to place
and Islands of Africa^
\ his Body in the fame Grave with hers, which 1421.
they had made at the Foot of an Altar erected Aicafond(
under that beautiful lofty Tree above-mentioned.
They afterwards fet a large wooden Crofs upon
it, and near that an Infcription drawn up by
Robert himfelf, which contained a fuccinCt Ac¬
count of this whole Adventure, and concluded
with a Prayer to the Chrijlians , if any fhould
come there to fettle, to build a Church in that
Place to Jefus the Saviour.
b Thus deprived of their Leader, the reft im -Tberejtre
mediately prepared to depart, and fitting out thef“r*"^>
Sloop, fet fail, intending for England : But hap¬
pening to take the fame Rout the others had been
forced upon, arrived unluckily for them at the
fame Coaft, and accordingly met with the fame
Fate ; and, as it fell out, were carried to the fame
Prifon.
The Jails of Marokkoy then, like thofe of Arehjlt*
Algiers at prefent, were full of Chrijlian Slaves
c of all Nations, and among the reft was one John
de Morales , a Spaniard of Seville. This Man be¬
ing an expert Sailor, and one who had been a
Pilot for many Years, took great Delight in hear¬
ing the Adventures of our Englijh Captives ; from
whom he learned the Situation and Land-Marks
of the new-found Country.
Here it will be proper to look back a little
into the leading Incidents that brought about the
fecond or more complete Difcovery. John the
d Firft of Portugal having returned victorious from
the Wars of Cajlile , paffed over into Africa , at
the Head of a powerful Army, to conquer Ceuta , ThTatini
and took it in 1415. In this Expedition he wasCeutJ«
attended by the Infants of Portugal , among whom
Don Henry , who was Grand Mafter of the Or¬
der of Chrijl , diftinguilhed himfelf above the
reft.
This Prince, who took great Delight in the
Mathematics and Geography, had now an Op-
e portunity of informing himfelf, by the Moors
and Jems, of the Situation of feveral foreign
Countries, with their Coafts, and the Seas about
them. Hence grew an infatiable Thirft for making
Difcoveries and Conquefts. In fhort, after the
Reduction of Cueta , he retired to the Algarves ;
where, within a League of Cape St. Vincent , he
built a Town and Fort, which he called Terfa
Nabal , (but it went afterwards by the Name of
Villa do Infante) from whence he began to put
f his long meditated Defigns in Execution, to the
carrying on which he appropriated all the Reve¬
nues of the Order.
JUAN GON SALVO ZARCOy a Gentleman Confifa
of his Houfhold, was the chief Perfon employed#^"
by the Prince in thefe Undertakings. This Gen-
falvo was the firft Perfon whom King John dubbed
Knight on the firft Attack of Ceuta. He ferved
the
Description of Madera.
142 I. the King as we^ as the lnfante *n ah fheir Enter- a ed about for the Port of 7 erf a Nabal , crowdin
Ucaforado. prizes againft Africa ; and, it is faid, was the all his Sails to bring this rich Prize to Princ
I r f\ t * a. ^ J . . J TT /V. ^ C A ln»*TT o AO *• /-I I— T i . • urU/A irrn r* r> A Paa not* o . ■ o ! « d ->tt. » h
56 9
(Alcaforado. , - -e - - , , , .
U*V— -* firft who introduced the Ufe of Artillery aboard
Ships. In the Year 1418, he had difcovered
Puerto Santo by Accident, being thrown there by
a Storm in his Voyage for finding out Cape Bcja-
dor ; and in the Year 1420, in the Service of
King John, he parted the' Streights, in order to
go upon the Coaft of Africa.
The fifteenth of March , 1416, it happened.
1421.
. . . . . . . . . . . . rince Alcaforado.
Henry ; who was no fooner acquainted with a'
Thing fo much to hisTafte, than he determined
to fend Gonfalvo, with John de Morales , imme¬
diately to Lisbon , to communicate this Affair to
his Father, and propofe the farther Difcovery of
the Ifland in Queftion.
The Project at firft met with Oppofition at
Court from fome Enemies, whom the Prince had
1 nt imcciun ui ^ - - “ _ - , ... - - » . .......
that Don Sanchio , youngeft Son of Ferdinand b there ; whereof having Notice from Gonfalvo ,
V: _ ,, C nnrl fZrnnA of flip Or. hp> rpiooirpid thithpr himfelf A t his Annpannrp.
- - ■ — — / y o
King of Arragon , and Grand Mafter of the Or¬
der of Calatrava , dying in Cajlile , left by his
Will a large Sum of Money for redeeming the
Chrijiian Slaves of Cajlile at Marokko : For which
Purpofe a Foift had been fent from Spain , and,
with a great Number of thefe redeemed Captives,
Mutt mitb amongft whom was one John de Morales % was
Morales, in her Way home from Africa to Tariff e, juft as
John Gonfalvo crofted the Str eights with his
Fleet laft mentioned. The two Crowns hay¬
ing a little Mifunderftanding, though not in
open War together, Gonfalvo makes Prize of the
Foift : But upon Sight of the Cargo, conftdering
their Mifery, and his Matter’s Clemency, fet
them all at Liberty, except de Morales , whom
he found an expert, and able Pilot ; and therefore
judged he would be an acceptable Prefent to Prince
Henry , on account of the Difcoveries he was then
concerting. De Morales being made acquainted
- , - 0 . - j - 7
he repaired thither himfelf. At his Appearance,
all Difficulties immediately vanifhed, and the Ex- Sent todif-
pedition was entered upon the Beginning of JunPff' Ma‘
that Year. For this Purpofe a Ship, wellmanned
and provided, was fitted out, attended by a Sloop
that went with Oars, after the Fafhion of thofe
Times. The chief Command of this little Fleet
was given to Gonfalvo , who carried along with
him Captain John Laurence , Francis de Carvalail ,
Ruy Paes , Alvarez Alfonfo , and Francifco Alcafo -
rado , the Author of this Relation, a flirted by two
expert Sailors from Lagos , viz. Antonio Gago ,
and Lorenzo Gomez.
GONSALVO in his Way touched at Puerto
Santo , where there went a current Report among
the Portugue ze, (left there by him two Years be¬
fore) that to the North-Eaft b of the Ifland a
thick impenetrable Darknefs conftantly hung up¬
on the Sea, and extended itfelf upward to the
— — <-»-i ■ • t • • • n ■ • /• «
lUUlCl Lillg. -ISC J.VJLU! Utca uwug AJAUUW - 7 - - - r -
with the Caufe of his Detention, offered himfelf d Heavens : That it never diminilhed, but teemed
^ m jm 1 T 1 /"* * 1 1 . 1 — - . M M J 4 L. •• r-. J L m a. a ^ I a A f . \ a. rs n ri a a A /V
freely to ferve the Infante ; and moreover faid, he
did not doubt but to anfwer that Prince’s Ex-
ipe&ations : He then told Gonfalvo of the
new Ifland that had been fo lately difcovered by
the Englijh ; confirming it with the Story of our
two Lovers.
Brmgtlim Upon this News, Gonfalvo immediately tack-
i'« tbe Prince,
to be guarded by a ftrange Noife, (proceeding
from fome natural Caufe) which was fometimes
heard at Puerto Santo : And becaufe at that Time
they durft not fail far from Land, for Want of
the' Aftrolabe and other Inftruments invented
fince c, it was judged importable, without a Mi¬
racle, to return from thence, after having loft
- It muft be confefled, that an Objeaion arifes on this Occaflon againft this Hiftory, which is not eafily re¬
moved. We are told, that prefently after Machin' s Death, his Companions failed over to Marokko , and that
Morales was in Prifon when they arrived. Suppoftng then Machin or Mach am % Difcovery to have happened
about i 244, (as Galvano relates it from the Chronicles of Cajlile) Morales muft have been no lets than feventy-
fix Years a Prifoner when redeemed, and met with by Gonfalvo in 1420. The Time will be Hill much longer,
if Machin' s Adventure was in 1 328, as Herbert puts it. The Author of the Hiftory himfelf places that Event
in the Reign of our Edward the Third, which began in 1327, and ended in 1378. But fuppofing it to have
happened in the laft Year, forty-two Years muft be allowed for Morales's Imprifonment, till he was redeemed,
which is not only highly improbable, but contrary to the Senfe of the Hiftorian, (who fuppofes but a fmall Space
of Time to have elapfed between both Events) as well as to the Records above-mentioned, which exprefly lay,
that Macham himfelf got to Africa , and was prefented to the King of Cajlile \ and although it lliould be al-
lcdeed that this might be invented to give the Spaniards the better Title to Madera , yet the former Objeaion
remains ftill in Force. Nor can we fee, how it is poflible to obviate it, but by fuppofing, either that Morales
told a Lie in faying he had the Account of the Difcovery from the Englijh themfelves, inftead of other Slaves,
among whom the Tradition might have ran many Years after ; or that Alcaforado, the Hiftorian, mi hook the
Report of Morales in this Particular. b It Ihould be to the South -Weft, Madera lying that Way, in re-
fped to Puerto Santo. c If this Hiftory be genuine, we have here a great Point in Dilpute abfolutely de¬
cided, the Author declaring, that the Inftruments ufed in failing were not found out in 1418 and 1420 when
Puerto Santo and Madera were difcovered by the Portuguese. However, it is certain, from this Paflage, that
Hiftory muft have been written feveral Years after this Difcovery, fince it was written when fuch Inftruments
were in Ufe : Unlefs we iuppofe this to be an Interpolation of Don Francifco Manoel (mentioned in the lntro-
duftion) who publifhed itj or fome other, who before him kept the Copy: Of which Adding t iere wi aPF
fome Marks hereafter. ,
Vol, I. N° XXVIII. 4D 5,ght
£jo Voyages to the Coasts
1421. Sight of it. In Confequence of this Ignorance a
AicafbrccK in Navigation, it was called by fome an Abyfs ,
or Bottomlefs Gulpb ; and by others, the Mouth
of Hell , from the Opinion of certain fimple, ti¬
morous Divines : And the Hiftorians, who pre¬
tended to be more learned, abfolutely pronounced
it to be the ancient Ifland of Cipango , kept by
Providence under this myfterious Veil. Whither
they believed the Spanijh and Pot iugueze Bifhops
and other Chrijlians had retired from the Slavery
and Oppreflion of the Moors and Saracens : That fc
it was a great Crime to dive into this Secret,
fince it had not yet plealed God to reveal it by
the Signs which ought to precede the Difcovery,
and are mentioned by the ancient Prophets , who
fpeak of this Wonder.
GONSALVO , however, had a Ihort and
profperous Voyage to Puerto Santo^ from whence
he as well as the Ifianders oblerved this dreadful
ap-
Made a,
be-
Comes to
Puerto
Santo. .
and Islands of Africa.
Gonfalvo caufed his Ship to be towed by two 1421,
Challops along the Cloud. The Noife of the Alcaforado
Sea ferved them for a Mark, which they
proached or retired from, according as it
more or lefs loud.
By Degrees the Cloud appeared lefs, and
came not fo thick on the Eaft-Side ; but theWaves
{fill roared frightfully, when at length they per¬
ceived through the Gloom fomething blacker
than it ; though, being at too great a Diftance,
they could not fee it diftindlly : However, fome
affirmed they faw Giants of a prodigious Size,
which afterwards they found to be the Rocks
wherewith the Shores were covered. The Sea
already appeared more clear, and the Waves a-
bated, a fure Sign of their being near Land ; Arrive*
which foon after, to their great Joy, they plainly tbere'
difcerned, when they leaf! expected it. The firft
Thing that appeared was a little Point, to which
Shade : which, however, John de Morales at firft Gonfalvo then gave the Name of St. Laurence s
. 7 . ^ rG /' .IT 1.1 T> •_ T~\ _ LI : i-LTr. 4-kc.Tr ( 4-r\ tU Qn««+Vi_
Sight judged to be a fure Sign of the Land they
were in Search of. Notwithstanding this, upon
a full Confultation, it was agreed they Ihould
ftay here till the Change of the Moon, to fee
what Effeft that would have upon the Shade :
When, perceiving no Alteration any way in it,
the general Panic feized the Adventurers alfo,
and the whole Defign had dropped here, had not
the Pilot de Morales flood firm to his Opinion ;
infilling, that, according to the Information he
had from the Englijh , and the Courfe they held,
the hidden Land could not be far off. He fup-
Poi’nt. Doubling this, they found to the South¬
ward rifingLand, which the Cloud, then vanifh-
ing, left open to the View a great Way up the
Mountains.
Here Ruy Paes was fent with de Morales in
the Sloop to reconnoitre the Coaff, and they pre-
fently came to a Bay ; which anfwering the De-
fcription given by the Englijh , they landed, and
there found the Tombs, and all the other Marks MachinV
above-mentioned. Returning to Gonfalvo withw‘
this News, he immediately took Poffeffion of the
Place in the Name of King John , and the In-
ported what he faid, by obferving to Gonjalvo , fante Don Henry , Chevalier and Grand Mafter of
j .1 _ 1 • _ _ 11.. nf /%*•«/? snd raifpr) an Alfar near
Frighted by
a Cloud
that the Ground there being continually fhaded
from the Sun by lofty thick Trees, there exhaled
from it a great Moifture ; which, rifing in Va¬
pours, fpread itfelf through the Sky: From whence
proceeded that dark Cloud they faw, and were fo
much afraid of.
After much Conteft, at laft thefe Reafons
fwaying with the Captain, who had more Refo-
the Order of Chrijl , and raifed an Altar near
that of the Englijh Lovers. This happened on
St. Elizabeth’s Day.
The next Thing that offered, was to look,
into the Country for fome Inhabitants, or Cattle ;
but they found nothing befides Birds of various
Kinds, fo gentle, that they fuffered themfelves to
be taken into their Hands without any Trouble.
JiWav vvnu - W - - # - / n . 1* 1 ' L
lution than the reft, he put to Sea one Morning, Upon this, it was agreed to coalt it a litt.e in the
without communicating his Defign to any Body Sloop: Accordingly, doubling a Point to the Weft-
1 1 « i nr* 1 *1.1 T\ 1 i 1 C J » "Dirt Mih.n-o fnn »• nno k iuo re*
but John de Morales. That he might have Day
light to make a full Difcovery, he crouded all his
Sails, and turned the Ship’s Head dire&ly facing
the dark Cloud. The Boldnefs of Gonfalvo did
but ferve to increafe the Fear of the reft, for the
more they advanced, the more high and thick
the Gloom appeared ; infomuch, that at laft it
grew very horrible to behold. At Noon, they
heard the Roaring of the Sea, which filled the
whole Horizon. This new imagined Danger
ward, they found a Place where four fine Rivers
ran into the Sea; of which Water Gonfalvo fill¬
ed fome Bottles to carry to Prince Henry.
Proceeding farther on the Coaft, they
came to a Valley cut through by a River; and
after that to another, covered with Trees, fome
fallen ; of which the Captain making a Crofs, fet
it up there, and called the Place Santa Cruz. Notsarta Cru
far from this, they crofted a Slip of Land, run¬
ning out into the Sea farther than the reft ; where.
W IJUiW 11VJH//V1I* i 111*3 nwr iiaJMemvu - - - - * *
made them all cry-out, intreating the Captain meeting with a prodigious Number of Jays, they
inftantly to change his Courfe, and fave their
Lives. Hereupon he made them a Speech, com-
pofed of folid Arguments* which quite removed
their Fears, and reconciled them to his Meafures.
The. Weather being calm, and the Sea very rapid,.
1
named it Punta dos Gralhos , which it keeps to.
this Day.
This, with another Point* about two Leagues
diftant, formed a Gulph, that was bordered with
a. beautiful Grove , of tall Cedars : Near this lay
another
Description s/Mad era.' 571
1421. another Vale, from whence iffued a -kind of a
AlcJorado. Milk, which, entering the Sea, formed a great
-v~— 'Bafon. The Beauty of it invited Gonfalvo to fend
Gonfalvo Ayrez afhore with Soldiers to penetrate
farther into the Country ; who quickly returned
with the News, that they had feen the Sea quite
round the Land, and therefore this was an Iiland,
and no Part of the Continent of Africa , as fome
till then had imagined.
Dt’ightful The Captain now began to look out for a
Situation. m0re inland Part to fix his Refidence in ; and b
came to a large Tradt of Land, not fo woody as
the reft, but covered with Fennil, (in Portugueze ,
Funcho ) from w’hence the T own, which he after¬
wards built there, took the Name of Funchal ,
which is the Metropolis as to temporal Affairs,
and heretofore of all the Eaft a in Spirituals.
Here three fine Rivers, that iffued out of
the Valley, uniting juft at their Entrance into
the Sea, formed two fnvall Blands; which making,
as it were, a natural Mote, Gonfalvo moored his <
Veffel under their Lee ; and laying-in Wood and
Water, from hence he continued his Rout till
'he arrived at the fame Point he had feen from the
Southward, where he eredfed a Crofs. Beyond this
Point he found a Shore, which, from its Extent,
and the Smoothnefs of the Sea that wafties it, he
called Playa Formofa , or the Beautiful Shore.
Not far from thence, they were flopped by a
very rapid but clear Stream, which two of them
attempting to fwim over, were carried away by c
the Current, and had perifhed, but for the time¬
ly Afliftance of their Companions. This Acci¬
dent gave Name to the River, thence called dos
« • ' Soccorridos , or of the Helped ; luckier in this, than
that of dos Agraviados in the Arabian Sea, which
is taken Notice of by the Portugueze Hiftoriansb.
Camara de Keeping on their Courfe, they came to an
Jos Lobos. high rocky Point, which being cut off from the
Main by a fmall Gut, formed a kind of Haven ;
where landing, they difcovered the Traces of
fome Animals. This Sight raifed their Curiofity
the more, as they had hitherto found none of any
Kind c : But they were foon undeceived, upon
feeing a great Number of Sea -Wolves leap into
the Water. They came out of a Cave that was
hollowed by the Tide in the Foot of a Mountain,
and feemed to be a Rendezvous for thefe Crea¬
tures, from which Den, in Portugueze Camera
dos Lobos , Gonfalvo obtained his Surname, and
tranfmitted it to his Pofterity, as the Scipio's and 1421.
Germanicus did from the Provinces they con- Alcaforado.
quered. •v—
The Cloud began here to hang thick and Gonfalvo n-
clofe down to the Surface of the Sea ; the Rocks turnt'
appeared higher than elfewhere, and the Noife of
the Waves dafhing againft them was more vio¬
lent : The Captain therefore concluded to go no
farther : But returning to his Ship, he flowed her
with the Water, Wood, Birds, and Plants of the
Bland, in order to prefent to. Don Henry ; and
fetting fail for Portugal , arrived at Lisbon in the
End of Augujl, 1420, without lofing a Man in
the Voyage. A Day of Audience was appointed
for him to make a Report of his Voyage ; and
in the Conclufion the King gave the Bland the
Name of Madera , from the great Quantity of
various Kinds of excellent Wood found upon it:
The thick Trunks of wrhich Gonfalvo then pre-
fented to his Majefty, and the Infante , together
with the other Products above-mentioned, which
he brought home with him.
Not long after, an Order was made out, ap¬
pointing Gonfalvo in the Spring following to re¬
turn to Madera , in Quality of Captain of the
Bland : To which Title the Heir of that Family
at prefent joins that of Count d.
This fecond Voyage was made in May, 1421 , Second JX>y-
and taking his Wife Conjlantia Rodriguez de fa, fvU*
(fome fay, de Almayda ) Juan Gonfalvo , his eldeft
Son and Heir, and his two Daughters, Helena
and Beatrix , he arrived in a few Days at Madera ;
where, coming to an Anchor, in the Road, till then
called the Englijh Port , he, in Hononr of Robert
Machin , the firft Difcoverer, named it Puerto do
Machino , which afterwards took that of Machino ,
or Machico , which it retains at this Day. Here,
going afhore, he made ufe of the beautiful Tree,
under which flood the afore-mentioned Altar and
Tomb, to build a Church in Purfuance of Ma -
e chin's Requeft ; which he accordingly dedicated
t° Jefus the Saviour, and paved the Choir with
the Bones of our two unfortunate Lovers.
These Rites being thus duly paid, he went Funchal
to Funchal , choofing to fettle his new Colony firft ku‘ ‘‘
there ; as being the beft Harbour, and the fineft
Valley, abounding with Water. Here he laid
the Foundation of Funchal , which grew famous
in a fhort Time afterwards ; and Conjlantia his
Wife dedicated here the firft Altar to St. Katha-
» Thefe Words, Heretofore of all the Eaft , mull have been added by the Keeper of the MS. or the French
Tranflator : For the Author (if one of the Difcoverers) could not fpeak of a Thing which did not happen till
fome Score Years after : Funchial not having been made a Bilhop’s See till towards the lixteenth Century, or the
Year 1500 : And it was not till many Years after, that the Archbilhop of the Indies refided there, to which its
being faid to have been once the Metropolis of all the Eaft in Spirituals , has Reference. b This Men¬
tion of the Rio do los Agraviados in the Arabic Gulph, or Red Sea, is another Interpolation, which was fo ca led
in 1540, an hundred and twenty Years after this Difcovery of Madera. See before, p. 108. d. v Men ham
met with Bealls. See p. 568. c. 4 Probably, another Interpolation.
4 I) 2
572 Voyages to the Coasts and Islands of Africa.
1455. trine , contrary to what is afferted by de Barros ,
CadaMofto. who places the Foundation of two Churches be-
fore it. This Miftake of de Barros renders his Ac¬
count of the Fire which burnt for feven Years a du¬
bious : This (he fays) feems not to fuit well with the
great W oods at all Times found upon the Ifland,
although for feveral Years together large Quan¬
tities have been cut down for the Service of the
Sugar -Works, of which there had been no lefs
than an hundred and fifty at one Time.
After the Death of King 'Juan , his Son and
Succefi'or Duarte , in Confideration of the great
Sums expended in difcovering and peopling this
Ifland by Prince Henry his Brother, gave him
the Revenues of it for his Life ; which Donation
was made at Cintra , September 26, 1433. He
likewife, for the fame Reafon, gave the Spiritua-
a lities of it to the Order of Chriji for ever ; and 1455J
the Endowment was confirmed by Alfonfo theCadaSo
Fifteenth, Anno 1439. k/'W.
Moreover, as a Reward and Encourage- GonfaiTO
ment of Worth and Merit, he gave to Juan Gon-rev)ar*tdt
falvo Zarco , and his Heirs for ever, a new Name
and Arms : Which is the lefs to be wondered at,
as the Arms of Portugal themfelves have been
changed, being formerly Argent, aCrofsAzure.
The King then willed and decreed, that in Me¬
mory of the Camara dot Lobos , difcovered by the
Laid Gonfalvo , he fhould take upon him the Stile
and Title of Earl of the Camara dot Lobos , with
the Arms Sinople in a Tower Argent, fupported
by two Sea-Wolves, and charged with a Crofs
Or. Which Name and Arms the Family bears to
this Day.
CHAP. II.
(fhe Voyage of Aluife da Cada Mofto, in 1455, along the Coajl of Africa, as far
as Rio Grande.
Written by Himfelf.
Tdranjlated from the Italian.
INTRODUCTION.
Copiei of the f INHERE are two Voyages extant of Cada
Vy/agtu Mofto, both to be found in the Colle&ions
of Ramufio b and Gryhaus : One to the Rivers
Senega or Sanaga , Gambra or Gambia, and Rio
Grande ; the other to the fame Coaft of Africa ,
and the Iflands of Cape Verde.
These Voyages feem to have been written
originally in Italian , in which Language Ramufio
has given them : Grynaus has inferted a Latin
Verfionof them ; but there is a very confiderable
Difference between the two Copies in feveral
Difftrcntt as Tilings, particularly as to the Dates : For the
tbe t0 Date' Italian dates the Author’s fetting-out from Venice
in 1454; whereas the other puts it in 1504.
What the Difference may be owing to, we can¬
not pretend to fay : But we have Reafon to be¬
lieve the Date is right as it {lands in Ramufio’ s
Copy, from which our Tranflation has been
made. It may be fufficient to obferve here, that
the Voyages could not be performed fo late as
1504, fince Prince Henry , by whom Cada Mojlo
* was employed, died in the Year 1463.
These Voyages are preceded by the Author’s Ramufio’?
own Preface, and a Difcourfe or Introdu£tionPrM,wA/*'
written by the Colle&or. In this latter we are
informed, that the Author, whom Ramufio calls
the noble Aluife da Ca da Mojlo c, was the firft
who difcovered the Iflands of Cape Verde , al¬
though the Portugueze afcribe that Honour to
Dennis Fernandez , a Countryman of their own,
twelve Years before d. Thefe Voyages were the
more eftimable at the Time they were penned,
as they made it appear, that the Countries near
the Line, which the Ancients had reprefented as
quite uninhabited, and burnt up with exceffive
Heat, were covered with Verdure, and abounded
with People.
RA MUSIO imagined alfo, that thefe Dif- Prcjeftfir
coveries might have been of confiderable Ufe to carrSini **
Commerce ; and that Europeans , by Means of
the Rivers Senega and Rio Grande , which he fup-
pofed to be Branches of the Niger , might have
opened a Trade with the rich Kingdoms of Tom -
buto and Me Hi, and fo brought Gold from the
a See before, p. n. d. b Ramufio' % Copy begins vol. 1. p. 96, and ends/, no, taking up fourteen
Leaves and near half, the Leaves being marked only on one Side. c So it is written in Ramufio , and not
Cada Mofio in two Words, as we for Shortnefs write it ; or Cadamofio , as Others have written it. Aluife is the
fame as Luis or Lewis. d See before, p. 1 3. a.
5 Countries
Voyages to the Coasts
14^5. Countries of the Negros, in a much more eafy,
:ada Mofto. fafe, and expeditious Manner than the Moors of
L/'Y^sJ Barbary could convey it by Land over the vaft
and dangerous Defarts that lie between. As Salt,
by Leo' s Account, is the mod valuable Commo¬
dity throughout the Negro-Kingdoms, the Me¬
thod he propofed was, that the Ships fhould take-
in Salt at Sal , one of the Cape Verde Iflands, and
therewith fupply the Countries along the Niger ;
which was faid to be navigable for live hundred
Miles together. In Exchange for this, they were
rbe Geld to receive Gold and Slaves ; which latter were to
[rad t. be carried to Market at St. 'Jago , another of thofe
Hands, where they would be bought up imme¬
diately for the Wejl Indies .
For carrying on a Commerce of this Nature,
it was neceffary, in thofe Days, to have had a
Licence from the Portuguese* who were Matters
of all that Coaft of Africa , for feveral Degrees
below the Line. This Ramufio judged might
have been eafily obtained, fince all Europeans
were permitted by them to trade at the Hand of
St. Thomas , in the farther End of Guinea , under
the Equator ; which was then, as it is at prefent,
in their Pofleftion. However, as the Portuguese
themfelves had not undertaken a Trade of this
Kind, he was a good deal at a Lofs what to
Net profit- ^ink of it: Indeed, the Englijh have attempted it
M, more than once, but met with Obftacles ; which
fhew, that, if the Thing be practicable, yet it is
not fo eafy as Ramufio imagined it : Befides, he
fuppofed, a Communication betwixt the Niger
and other Rivers, that fall into the Weftern
Ocean, which has not yet been difeovered ; and
is by feveral Travellers of good Credit denied.
Whence, the late Mr. de I'lfle was of Opinion,
there is no fuch Communication ; and, in his
later Maps of Africa , has made the Senega , Gam¬
bia* and the Niger , feparate Rivers.
itceuntef CAD A MOSTO , in his Preface, after hav-
nnct Hen- jng made an Apology for his Performance, and
aflerted a ftriCt Adherence to Truth, in relating
Particulars, proceeds to fpeak of the Infante En¬
riques , or Henry of Portugal , the great Difco-
verer : He praifes him as a Prince of a great Soul,
and fublime Genius, as well as for his Skill in
Aftronomy ; and fays, he applied himfelf wholly
to the Service of Chrift, in making War againft
the Moors ; in which he performed many gallant
Exploits. Don Juan , his Father, in 1432, be¬
ing on his Death-Bed, fent for him, and requeft-
ed him to purfue his laudable and holy Purpofes,
of perfecuting the Enemies of the Chriftian Faith;
end Islands p/ Africa, 573
which he promifed to do. Accordingly, after- 1455.
ward, with the Affiftance of his eldeft Brother, Ca a m fto.
Don Duarte , or Edward , who fucceeded to the v— -V—
Crown, he made War in Fez , with Succefs, for
many Years.
The more effe&ually to harafs the Moors , he Ptf™ for
fent his Caravels, annually, to fcour the Coafts^“T"rr"'<s*
of Asafi a and Meffa , without the Streights of
Gibraltar : This did them a great deal of Da¬
mage: But the Infante , having Difcoveries alfo in
> View, ordered them to advance every Year far¬
ther along the Coaft. They, in Ettedt, proceed¬
ed till they came to a great Cape, which, for fe¬
veral Years, put an End to their Navigation
Southward, the Caravels being afraid to go be-
. yond it; whence it took the Name, which it ftill
retains, of Cape Non b ; as, who fhould fay, that
thofe who palled it fhould never return. Don
Henry , who was of a different Opinion, added
three Caravels more, to thofe which had been at
: the Cape, and fent them out next Year. Thefe,
indeed, did pafs beyond the Cape about an hun¬
dred Miles ; but, meeting with nothing but a
fandy Coaft, and no Habitations, turned back
again.
The Prince, yet, encouraged by this Progrefs, Firrmefi of
fent the fame Fleet, the Year following, with M,nd'
Orders to proceed an hundred and fifty Miles'
farther, and more, if it was thought proper ; pro-
mifing to enrich all thofe who embarked in this
1 Adventure. They went again ; and, although
they obeyed the Infante's Inftruftions, yet they
could not improve the Difcoveries. Don Henry ,
however, ftill firmly perfuaded, by the Strength
of his Judgment, that Habitations and People
would certainly be met with at length, ftill con¬
tinued to fend out his Caravels, till fuch Time as
they came to certain Coafts inhabited by Arabs
of the Defart , and the Azanaghi , a tawny Race.
Thus the Countries of the firft Negros were dif-
e covered ; and after them, other different Na¬
tions ; which will be mentioned in the following
Relation.
Thus far Cada Mofo's Preface. At the Be- Account of
ginning of his Relation he informs us, that h ctbe Aabtr,
was twenty-two Years of Age when he fet out
upon his Voyage; and had, before that, failed in
fome Parts of the Mediterranean , under the Ju-
rifdi&ion of the Republic ; and had been in
Flanders , whither his Intention was to have re-
f turned, in order to better his Fortune: For his
whole Thoughts were bent (as he fays) on em¬
ploying his Youth in the Acquifition of Riches ;
» Affaffi, or cl Safi. b De Faria fays. Cape Non was doubled, and Cape Bojador difeovered in 1415,
many Years before King Juan's Death. See before, p. si. However, as this Recapitulation of Difcoveries
is only to introduce the Occafion of the Author’s own Voyage, the Exa&nefs of Chronology need not be in¬
filled on. ~
that,
57 4
t a n £
Cada Mofto.ii a. ve of the World,
And bis Vvy
ages.
Voyages to the Coasts
afterwards, with the Experience he fliould
he might attain to fome
Degree of Honour.
These Voyages of Cada Mojio are remarka¬
ble for being the oldeft extant that we meet with
relating to the Navigations of thefe latter Ages,
or which is the fame Thing, of the Portugueze.
We have, indeed. Accounts of fome few made
before : But thefe Accounts are only fhort Ex¬
tracts, or Memorandums of Things, given us
by Hiftorians; and not the diftinCt Journals,
written by the Navigators themfelves. Thefe
Voyages are penned with a good deal of Spirit by
the Author, who was an intelligent Perfon ; and,
excepting fome few Particulars, with regard to
which he was impofed on by the Merchants of
Africa , (a Thing to which all Travellers, efpe-
cially the fiift, to any Country, are liable) they
are as entertaining and curious as moft that have
been written fince. The Reader, among other
Things, will find, here, a particular Account of
the Gold Trade, from Tombuto, and its feveral
Branches, which has been fo little known to
later Voyagers. This fliews, that it does not re¬
quire a Succeffion of Travellers to make large
Difcoveries; and that one inquifitive Perfon fhall
bring home a better Account of Countries than
twenty who come after him.
These Voyages, both in Grynceus and Ra-
mufio , are divided into Sections ; but we have not
followed the Divifion obferved by either of them.
SECT. I.
The Galleys leave Venice. Stop at Cape St. Vin¬
cent. Two Perfons come on board from Prince
Henry. Give Account of his Difcoveries. Terms
granted Adventurers. Cada Mofto goes to Prince
Henry. Sets out for Puerto Santo. Madera.
Canary Ifands : The largejl then unconquered.
Tenet iffe, its Pike. The Natives, how governed.
Their Manners . Seized by the Spaniards. Sa-
crifice themfelves. Their Activity.
and Islands of Africa.
a his Secretary, accompanied by one Patricio di 1455.
Conti b, who fa id he was a Venetian, and Conful C»da twof
from the Republic in Portugal ; as appeared by
his CommilTion : He had likewife a Salary from
the Infante. Thefe Gentlemen brought fome
Samples of Madera Sugars, Dragons-Blood, and
other Commodities of the Countries and Iflands
belonging to that Prince. They alked thofe on
board the Galleys feveral Queftions ; and inform¬
ed them, that the Infante had caufed fome defart
b Iflands, lately difcovered, to be inhabited ; and,
that as a Proof thereof, they had (hewn them the
faid valuable Produ£lion. They added, that all
this was nothing in Comparifon to other greater Give Am
Things which Don Enriquez had performed ; de-
daring, that fince fuch a Year he had difcovered
'let Galleys
leave Venice.
MR. CADA MOSTO , having refolved to
return to Flanders , with what little Money
he had, embarked on board the Venetian Galleys,
commanded by Captain Marco Zen, Knight:
They parted from Venice on the eighth of Auguji ,
1454. Being detained by contrary Winds, near
Stop at Cape Cape St. Vincent , it happened, that the Infante
St. Vincent. £)on £nrlqUe7t a Was at that Time lodged in a Vil¬
lage, called Repofera , near the Cape ; having re¬
tired from the Noife of Bufinefs, to this agreea-
Perfon* ble Retreat, for the Sake of his Studies. Hear-
Come9n >ard' ing of their Arrival, he fent Antonio Gonzalez ,
Seas which had never been failed through before ;
and Lands of divers ftrange Nations, where
wonderful Things were found. That the Portut-
gueze , who had been in thofe remote Parts, had
c made great Advantage by trading with the Inha¬
bitants; and gained 700, and fometimes K100 per
Cent. They related fo many Things on this
Head, that the Venetians were much aftonifhed
thereat ; and Cada Mojio , in particular, being
inflamed with a Defire of vifiting thefe Places, TerrmefA
afked, if the Infante would fuffer any Perfon tovenlurert’
go, who had a Mind ? They anfwered in the Affir¬
mative ; and likewife acquainted him with the
Terms required of the Perfon who fliould under-
d take fuch a Voyage ; which was, either to be at
the whole Expence of fitting out and freighting
a Veflcl, or elfe at the Charge of Freight only;
the Prince providing him with a Caravel. That,
in the firft Cafe, he fhould, on his Return, allow
the Infante one fourth Part of his Cargo, as a
Duty ; the reft, to remain his own Property.
And, in the fecond Cafe, to divide whatever was
brought from thofe Places, equally with the
Prince : And in Cafe of no Returns at all, then
e the whole Expence to be defrayed the Infante :
They declared, however, that it was impoffible
to make a Voyage without great Profit. They
added, that the Prince would be very well pleafed
with any Venetian, who fliould undertake fuch a
Voyage, and (hew him great Favour ; becaufe he
was of Opinion, that Spices, and other rich
Merchandize, might be found in thofe Parts ;
and knew, that the Venetians underftood thofe
Commodities better than any other Nation,
f Upon the Whole, Cada Mojio went alongCadaMof
with the Secretary and the Conful to fee Don
Enriquez , who confirmed what they had told him,
and encouraged him, by Promifes of Honour and
Profit, to go. The Author being young, and of
a Conftitution able to bear Fatigues, as well as
a He was the firit who caufed the Ifland of St. Thomas to be inhabited.
Patrician of V enice, and his Surname omitted.
* In Grynceus he is called a
lie-
V oyages to the Coasts and Islands of Africa.
H56‘ ^e^irous *° ^ee thofe Parts of the World never a other Ufes thereof. The other Sort
575
is called 1455.
Najfo , of a red Rofe Colour, and extremely Cada Motto,
beautiful. They make very good and beautiful 0''"Y‘,'0
Bows, as well as Crofs-Bows, of the Nafo
Wood ; which are fent to the Weft b. He had
been allured, by Men of Credit, that Graphs ar9
,ia Motto, before known to any Venetian, and withal ad-
i**V“*"^ vance his Fortune, accepted of the Invitation.
After this, he informed himfelf concerning the
Merchandizes proper for fuch a Voyage, and
then returned to the Galleys: Where, having dif-
pofed of all the Goods which he had Ihipped for the commonly ripe here in the Week before Eajier ,
Low Countries , he brought on board fuch Things at leaft, by Eajier Day, or the Ottave at fartheft,
as he thought neceffary for the Expedition, and on Account of the Temperatenefs of the Air.
then landed; leaving the Galleys to proceed on They failed from Madera , following their
.» cut for their Voyage for Flanders. The Infante Ihewed b CourfetotheSouth,andcametotheCtftftfrj'Iflands,Canay
ri«. great Satisfaction at Cada Mojlo's Refolution, and about three hundred and twenty Miles diftant. Jan^'
entertained him very handfomely at Cape St. Thefe Blands are feven in Number ; four where-
Vincent : Where, having waited a great many of are inhabited by ChriJUans , viz. Lanzarotta ,
Days, at length, the Prince ordered him to rig a Fuerteventura, la Gomera , and il Ferro : The
new Caravel, of about ninety Tons Burden ; of Lord of which is a Spanijh Gentleman, whofe
which one Vincent Diaz , a Native of Lagos , (a Name is Herrera , a Native of Seville , and Sub-
Place about fixteen Miles diftant) was Comman- je£t to the King of Spain c. Large Quantities of
der. The Caravel being ready, and furnilhed an Herb, called Oricello, is carried from thefe
with every Thing neceffary, they began their Illands to Cadiz, and the River of Seville, which
Voyage on the twenty-fecond of March , 1455, c is ufed in dying of Cloths ; and is fent from
with a full Wind at North-Eaft and by North, thofe Places both Eaft and Weft. Goat-Skins,
fleering, their Courfe towards the Bland of Ma- in great Perfection, are likewife brought from
dtra . On the twenty-fifth, they came to the thefe Ifiands in large Parcels; as is Plenty of
m u pu_ Bland of Puerto Santo, lying about fix hundred Tallow, and good Cheefe.
0 Santo. Miles Southward from the Cape whence they fet
out a.
Filom Puerto Santo, which was difcovered
near twenty-feven Years before, they failed on the
twenty-eighth of March , and the fame Day came
The Inhabitants of thefe four Blands, fubjeCt
to ChriJUans, are Canaries, who have different
Languages, not much underftood among them-
felves. They have only Villages, and no forti¬
fied Places; except, that on the Mountains, which
into Monchrico, one of the Ports of the Bland of d are exceeding high, they have Redoubts. 1 he
Madera, forty Miles diftant. In fair Weather,
the tw’o Ifiands may be feen from one ano¬
ther. This latter was inhabited within thefe
twenty-four Years; the Prince made two of his
Gentlemen Governors thereof, viz. Trijlan Tef-
fera , who has that half of the Bland where
Monchrico Port lies : The other, John Gonzales
Zarcho , who has the other DiftriCt of the Bland,
where Fonzal [or Fonchial ] ftands.
md Ma- This Bland is inhabited in four different Places,
a* viz. Monchrico, Santa Cruz, Fonzal , and Came¬
ra di Lupi : And though it has other Eftablilh-
ments, thefe are the principal, and may mufter
up about eight hundred Men, reckoning an hun¬
dred Horfe among, them. The Bland has about
eight Rivers that run through it, over which
they have built Saw-Pits, where they Hit Boards
of many Sorts, with which all Portugal and
other Places are fupplied. Of thefe Boards, two
Paffes to thefe Mountains are fo ftrong, that all
the World could not take them, except by a
Siege.
The other three Ifiands, inhabited by Idola¬
ters, are Grand Canaria, Tenerife, and la P al- ne largtjl
ma : They are greater, and better inhabited, than mconjutriJ. -
the other four ; particularly, the Grand Canary,
which has between eight and nine thoufand
Souls ; and Tenerife, which is the largeft of the
three, has, as fome report, between fourteen
and fifteen thoufand : However, Palma has but a
few Inhabitants ; though a very beautiful Place
to behold. Thefe Ifiands, as they are poffeffed .
by Men of Courage, the Mountains excefiive
high, and their ftrong Places impregnable, the
ChriJUans were never able to fubdue.. It muft
be obferved of Tenerife , which is the beft Teoerifftji.V'
inhabited, that it is one of the higheft Ifiands in Pike,
the World ; and is feen, in clear Weather, at a
Sorts turn to Account: The one is Cedar, which f great Diftance. Cada Mojlo was informed, by
has a ftrong odoriferous Smell, and is like the Mariners, that they had feen it between fixty and
Cyprefs ; whereof they make fine, large, and long feventy Spanijh Leagues off at Sea, which make
Boards, and build Houfes therewith; and make about two hundred and fifty Italian Miles. This
b The
* The Defcription of the Ifland which follows,, in Ramufto, is omitted, as given already, /. 5^5- f .
Author’s farther Account of Madera is omitted here, being already inferted in the Defcription thereof gnen
before. See p. 558, & feqq, ' Some Things omitted, to be found before, p, 534, Jflani
576
1 455
Cada Mofto. in
Voyages to the Coasts
Ifland has a Point or Mountain in the Middle,
Shape of a Diamond, of very great Height,
<^w; and always burns. This Account he had from
Chrijiians who were Prifoners in Tneriffe, and
affirm, that the Point, from the Foot to the Sum-
•ir.it thereof is" fifteen Portuguese Leagues} which
make fixty Italian Miles.
The Natives, They have nine Lords on this Ifland, whom
bow govern- t]iey can Dukes ; not fo by Inheritance or Suc-
ceffion, but by Force. They war among them-
felves, and make great Slaughter. They have no
and Islands
of Africa.
into the Val-
of the new Lord, throws himfelf into tne vai- 145''.
ley, and is dallied to Pieces. The Lord, in Re-Cada Mofto
turn, is obliged to do great Honour and Services
to the Relations of the Deceafed. This barbarous
Cuftom is confirmed
other Arms but Stones, and Maces like Darts, to
is connrmed by the Canary Chrijiians ,
who have efcaped from among them.
They are very active and nimble, great Run -VtrjaBm.
ners and Leapers } being accuftomed to traverfe
the Cliffs of the Mountains. They fkip, bare¬
footed, from Stone to Stone, like Goats ; and,
fometimes, take Leaps, which are fcarcely to be
believed. They throw a Stone with great Strength,
the Points whereof they fix (harp Horns, inftead of and Exa&nefs } fo as to hit where they pleafe
Their Man -
vers.
Iron ; and thofe who have none, feafon the Points
of their Weapons in the Fire, and make them as
hard as Iron. They always go naked } fave a
few, who wear Goat-Skins before and behind.
They anoint their Bodies with Goat’s Tallow,
mixed with the Juice of fume Herbs, which
thickens the Skin, and defends them from the
Cold ; of which they cannot complain much, as
they lie fo far to the South. They have neither
walled nor thatched Houfes } but live in Grottos,
and Caverns, on the Mountains. They feed on
Barley, Flefh, and Goat’s Milk, of which they
have abundance ; and fome Fruits, particularly
Figs. As the Country is very hot, they reap
their Oats in April and May. They have no
fettled Religion } but worfhip, fome, the Sun ;
Both
green, red,
Sexes know how to paint their Bodies
and yellow, with the Juice of Herbs}
and they look upon fuch Colours as ornamental
as Europeans do fine Cloaths. Cada Mojlo was in
two of the Canary Iflands, viz. Gomera and
Ferro: He alfo touched at Palma -s but did not land.
SECT. II.
others, the Moon and Planets ; and have nine
Sorts of Idolatry. Their Women are not com¬
mon ; but every Man may take as many as he
pleafes ; but none will chufe a Maiden, unlefs file
has firft lain a whole Night with their Lord }
which they repute a great Honour.
Seized by the If the Author fhould be afked, how thefe
Cape Blanco. Forna of Argin. Coajl of Ba/-
bary. Cape Blanco deferibed. Hoden, a Place
of Trade. The Inhabitants. Their Traffic. Trade
of Argin }. and of the Arabs. The Slave Trade ,
and its Branches. The Azanaghi. Slave-Ji eating
forbidden the Portugueze. Odd Cujlom of the
Azanaghi. Their Manners. They took Ships ,
at firjl , for Apparitions. Country of Teggazza.
lONTINUING his Courfe towards Ethio- CaftWam
c
pia, Cada Mofo , in a few Days, arriv-
Spaniardt.
Sacrifice
4 bftnjUves.
Things come to be known ? He anfwers, that
the Chriflians of the four Iflands go in their Foifts,
by Night, over to thofe other Iflands, and feize
fome of the Canaries , of both Sexes ; whom they
fend to be fold for Slaves in Spain. If it happens,
that fome of the Foifts People are made Prifoners,
the Canaries do not put them to Death ; but em¬
ploy them to kill and flea Goats, and cure the
Flelh } which they looking upon as very vile Of¬
fices, make them perform out of Contempt.
These Canaries have an odd Cuftom } for,
when their Lords firft enter on their new Pof-
feffion, fome offer to die, in order to do Honour
to the Feaft : Whereupon, they all repair to [the
Brink of] a certain deep Valley, where, after
haying performed fome Ceremonies, and Laid a
few Words, he, who is willing to die for Love
ed at Cape Blanco , diftant from the Canaries
about eight hundred and feventy Miles. It is to
be obferved, that in this Paftage, fteering South,
they kept at a great Diftance from the African
Coaft, which was on the Left-hand ; the Cana -
being far advanced into the Sea towards the
rtes
Weft, the one more than the other. Thus they
failed till they had ran two Thirds of their Way
from the Iflands to the Cape } and then kept
clofer to the Left, till they got Sight of Land,
that they might not pafs the Cape without feeing
it : For afterwards no Land appears for a confi-
derable while. The Coaft runs- in from this
Cape, and forms a Gulph, called the Forna ofporna»yA<
Argin , from a little Ifland fituated in the Gulph} gin*
and fo named by the Inhabitants of the Country
of Argin. The Gulph enters about fifty Miles}
and has three other Iflands, to which the Portu¬
gueze gave Names. The firft, they called Blanca ,
or White ; on Account of its Sands: The Second^,
the Ifland of the Garze, or White Herons } (for
a Here the Author mentions the Inftances of throwing the Stones and Oranges, inferted before, p. 535. b.
He faw a Cbriftian Canary make the Offer about the Oranges, and to Hand at eight or ten Paces from the Per-
fon he was to throw them at : But he obferves, that no Body would take up the Wager ; for that they all knew
lie would perform even better than what he mentioned. Whence Cada Mojlo concluded, that they were the
sneft dextrous and active M.en in the World.
there
( >« Blareo
i rib td.
Voyages to the Coasts
t itr there they found as many of thofe Birds Eggs as a
ida Mofto. filled two Boats.) The third, they call Cuori a ;
They are all fmall, Tandy, and uninhabited Iflands.
In that of Argin, there is Plenty of frefh Water ;
but in the reft, none.
■ t/e/Bar- It is to be obferved, that Southwards, from
in the Streights of Gibraltar , the Coaft, which is
that of Barbary , is inhabited no farther than
Cape Cantin ; from whence, to Cape Blanco , is
the Sandy Country, or Defart, (feparated from
.i tlx Sar- Barbary by the Mountains b, on the North) cal- b
V led Sarra c, by the Natives ; which, on the
South, confines with the Negros ; and would re¬
quire fifty or fixty Days to crofs ; in fome Places
more, fome lefs. This Defart readies to the
Ocean, and is all Tandy, white, and dry ; the
Country low, and fo plain, that it does not Teem
to be higher in one Place than another, till you
come to Cape Blanco ; fo called by the Portu¬
guese, on Account of its white Colour from the
Sands, being without any Grafs or Trees. It is a c
moft beautiful Cape, as being triangular, that is,
having three Points in Front, about a Mile dif-
tant from each other.
Large Fifh, of divers Sorts, without Num¬
ber, and exceeding good, are found on this
Coaft; like, in Tafte, to what they have at
Venice , though of another Shape. The Gulph
of Argin is all over fhallow, being full of Shoals,
both of Rocks and Sand. There are great Cur¬
rents in this Gulph ; and no fafe Sailing, but by d
Day, with the Lead in Hand ; and that, accord¬
ing to the Stream : Two Ships have been already
loft on thefe Shoals. The Cape Blanco lies South-
Weft of Cape Cantin.
You muft know, that behind Cape Blanco , on
the Continent, there is a Place called Hoden , fix
Days Journey, • on Camels, from the Shore.
This Place is not walled ; but much frequented
by the Arabs , and the Karawans, which come
from Tombuto d (and other Places belonging to e
the Negros) to this Side of Barbary. Their Pro-
vifion is Dates 2nd Barley ; of which they have
Plenty. They drink Camels Milk ; and that of
other Animals; for they have no Wine. They
have Cows and Goats, but not many, becaufe
the Land is very dry. Their Oxen and Cows
are very fmall in Comparifon to thofe of Italy,
lbitanti. The Inhabitants'are Mahommedans, and great Ene¬
mies to Chriftians. They are never fettled, but
wander continually over the Defarts. They fre- f
quent the Countries of the Negros, and vifit that
Side of Barbary which is next the Mediterranean.
They travel in great Numbers, with a numerous
Train of Camels, on which they carry Brafs,
Silver, and other Things, from Barbary to Tom -
Hen, a
i ce of
w
and Islands c/ Africa.' 577
buto, and the Country of the Negros; from 1455.
whence they bring Gold and Malhegette. They Cadi Mofto.
are of a tawny Colour. Both Sexes wear a fingle
white Garment, 'with a red Border, without any JWr2'rfl^
Linen underneath, next their Skin. The Men^*
have Turbans on their Heads, in the Moorijh
Fafhion ; and always go barefooted. There are,
in the Sandy Defart, many Lions, Leopards, and
Oftriches ; whofe Eggs the Author eat pretty of¬
ten : Which, he fays, were very good.
Don ENRIQUEZ had made an Ordinance,
whioh wa3 to be obferved for ten Years, on the
Bland of Argin , viz. that no Perfon fhould enterTnzA of hr-
into this Gulph, to trade with the Arabs, except^11*
fuch as were comprehended in the faid Ordinance,
and had Habitations and Fa&ors on the Bland, who
dealt with the Arabs that come to the Coaft, and
fell them feveral Sorts of Goods ; fuch as Cloth,
Stuffs, Silver, and Alkhizeli, or Frocks; Tapef-
try, and other Merchandizes ; and take, in Re¬
turn, Negros and Gold e. The Infante caufed
alfo a Caftle to be built on the Bland to fecure
the Trade ; and Caravels from Portugal arrive
there every Year.
They have many Barbary Horfes, which And of the
they carry to the Country of the Negros, and Arai3S*
there barter with the great Men for Slaves ; hav¬
ing from ten to eighteen for each Horfe, accord¬
ing to its Goodnefs : They alfo bring wrought
Silks of Granada and Tunis ; Silver, and a great
many other Things: For which they receive
Plenty of Slaves, and fome Gold. Thefe Slaves Slave-Trade,
are brought to Hoden , from whence they are fent Brancbes •
to the Mountains of Barka , and from thence to
Sicily ; part of them are alfo brought to Tunis ,
and along the Coaft of Barbary ; and the reft to
Argin , and fold to the licenfed Portuguese :
Every Year between feven and eight hundred
Slaves are fent from Argin to Portugal.
Before this Trade was fettled, the Portu¬
guese Caravels, fometimes four, and fometimes
more, ufed to come to the Gulph of Argin , well
armed, and, landing by Night, furprifed fome
Fifhermens Villages : They even entered into the
Country, and carried off Arabs of both Sexes,
which they fold in Portugal. They failed in this
Manner along the Coaft to. the River Senega ,
which is very large ; and divides a People, called
Asanaghi , from the firft Kingdom of the Ne-
gros.
The Asanaghi are tawny, or rather of aT^Azaiu-
deep-brown Complexion, and live in fome Places
on the Coaft, beyond Cape Blanco. They range
the Defarts, and confine with the Arabs of Ho¬
den. They live on Dates, Barley, and Camels
Milk. But as they are nearer the Negro Coun-
4 Grynaus has Cori, p. 9.
but. e In Ramufio, Oro Tiber.
VOL. I. N° 28.
b Thefe are the Atlas.
c Rather, Sarrab.
4 E
d In Grynaus, Atan-
trieSj
Slave- ft eat¬
ing forbid¬
den.
Azanaghi’s
eJd Cujiom,
Voyages to the Coasts
r \cc tries, they carry on a Trade with them ; .rom a
CataMofto. whence they have Millet and Pulfe, fuch as
Beans, for their Support. They are but frnall
Eaters, and fuffer Hunger patiently. With a
Porringer of Barley-Meal, made into Hafty-
pudding, they will be fatisfied a whole Day. But
this they are compelled to, on Account of the
Scarcity of Provifions. The Portugue ze carried
many of them off ; and they proved better Slaves
than the Negros.
However, for fome Time paft, Peace and b
Commerce has been reftored to them all ; and the
Infante fuffers no farther Damage to be done to
thefe People a. He is in Hopes, that by conver-
fing with Chrijlians , they may eafily be brought
over to the Romijh Faith, as they are not, as yet,
well eftablifhed in that of Mohammed ; of which
they know nothing but by Hear-fay.
These Azanaghi have an odd Cuftom of
wearing a Handkerchief round their Heads ; a
Piece whereof covers their Eyes, with Part of c
the Nofe and Mouth. They reckon the Mouth
to be a natty Thing ; which, as it is conftantly
belching, and has a bad Smell, ihould be always
kept out of Sight. Thus, they compare it to
the Pofteriors, infinuating, that both ought to be
concealed alike. However that be, it is molt
certain, that they never expofe the Mouth to
View, fave when they eat ; as Cada Mojio often
obferved.
They have no Lords among them; but the d
Rich are refpcdled fomething more than the reft.
They are very poor, and egregious Liars; the
greateft Thieves in the World, and very treache¬
rous ; lean, and of a common Stature. They
wear their Hair, which is black, frized over their
Shoulders, like the Germans ; and oil it every Day
with the Fat of Fifh, which makes them fmell
very ftrong ; yet they repute it very modifh.
'Too* Ship at The Azanaghi never heard of any Chrijlians,
firft except the Portugueze , with whom they had War e
for thirteen or fourteen Years; in which feveral
of them were carried- off, and fold for Slaves ; as
beforementioned. Cada Mojio affirms, that when
they firft faw Ships at Sea, (a Thing never beheld
by any of their Anceftors) they took them for
large Birds, with white Wings, that had come
from foreign Parts. When the Sails were furled,
they concluded, that the Ships were Fifh, by
for Appari- their Length: Others believed they were Spi-
tionu rits, that wandered by Night ; and were in great j
Fear of them, becaufe, in fome Evenings, they
lay at Anchor in one Place, and next Morning
were feen an hundred Miles diftant, proceeding
along the Coaft, or put back, as the Wind
changed, or thofe of the Caravels thought proper
and Islands of Africa.
to fleer. They could not conceive, in cafe they 1455.
were human Creatures, how they could travel Cada Moft<
more in one Night, than they themfelves were O'VN
able to perform in three Days. This confirmed
them in their Notion of the Ships being Spirits.
The Truth of what the Author relates, was cer¬
tified by many Azanaghi , who were then Slaves
in Portugal ; as well as by the Portugueze , who
frequented thofe Seas, at that T ime, in their Ca¬
ravels.
About fix Days Journey by Land from Ho-
den , there is a Place called Teggazza, which, in Teggazza,
our Language, fignifies a Cheft of Gold b ; where
large Quantities of Rock-Salt are dug every Year,
and carried on Karawans of Camels by the Arabs
and Azanaghi , in feparate Companies, to Tombuto,
and from thence to the Empire of Melli , belong¬
ing to the Negros. Being arrived here, they
difpofe of their Salt, in eight Days, at the Rate
of between two and three hundred Mitigals (the
Value of a Ducat each) the Load ; according to
the Quantity thereof : After which, they return
home with their Gold.
Cha¬
racter,
SECT. III.
The Empire of Melli. Salt, the chief Merchan¬
dize there : How conveyed. Way of Bartering,
Strange Sort of Negros: One of them taken:
Their frightful Form. Trade interrupted. Courfe
of Gold Trade. The Azanaghi; their Man -
ners. Large-breajled Women. Swarms of Lo-
cujls.
THIS Empire of Melli lies in a very hot EmpirnJ
Climate, and affords very bad Nourifh- Mslli,
ment for Beafts ; infomuch, that out of an hun¬
dred, which go with the Karawans, fcarce twenty-
five return. Neither are there any Quadrupeds
in this Empire, for they all die : Several of the
Arabians and Azanaghi ficken and die likewife,
through the exceffive Heat. They reckon it to
be forty Days Journey, on Horfeback, from Teg¬
gazza to Tombuto ; and from Tombuto to Melli ,
thirty. Cada Mojio having inquired of them, what
Ufe the Merchants of Melli made of the Salt?
was anfwered, firft, that a frnall Quantity there¬
of was confumed in their Country; for, thatasM.^'
they lay near the Line, where the Days and
Nights are of equal Length, at certain Seafons of
the Year the Heats were exceffive, and putrified
- the Blood ; fo that, but for that Salt, they would
certainly die. There is no Art in preparing it :
They only take a Piece every Day, and, diflblv-
ing it in a Porringer of Water, drink it off ; and
by this Means preferve their Health, as they
imagine.
a The Author calls them Indians , that is, Baft -Indians ; for fo they were deemed before de Gama's Voyage,
* Alfo, a Bag or Sack of Gold. The
3
Voyages to the Coasts and Islands of Africa.’
H55-
‘‘ada Mofto,
Uvv
low carried.
\ zy of Bar¬
fing,
trangc Sort
f Negros,
The Remainder ol the Salt is carried a long a
Way, in Pieces, by Men, on their Heads; every
Piece being as much as a Man can well bear.
The Salt is brought to Melli in large Pieces,
taken out of the Rocks ; each Camel being load¬
ed with two. There the Negros break them in¬
to lefler Pieces, for the Conveniency of carrying
on the Head; and mufter a large Number of
Footmen for that Purpofe. Thefe Porters have
a long Fork in each Hand ; which, when tired,
they fix in the Ground, and reft their Loads on. b
Thus they proceed till they come to a certain Wa¬
ter ; but the Relator could not tell whether it was
frefh or fait : However, the Author was of Opi¬
nion, that it muft have been a River ; becaufe,
if it was the Sea, they could not, in fo hot a
Climate, have been in Want of Salt. The Ne¬
gros are hired to carry it in this Manner for
Want of Camels, or other Beafts of Burden; as
beforementioned : And from what has been re¬
lated, it is eafy to fee, that the Number, both of c
the Carriers and Confumers, muft be very great.
Being arrived at the Water-Side, the Propri¬
etors of the Salt place their Shares in Heaps to¬
gether in a Row ; every one fetting a Mark on
his own : This done, thofe of the Karawan re¬
tire half a Day’s Journey. Then the Negros,
they went to deal with, who will not be feen,
nor fpoken-to, and feem to be the Inhabitants of
fome Blands, come in large Boats ; and, having
viewed the Salt, lay a Sum of Gold on every d
Heap, and then withdraw. When they are
gone, the Negros, who own the Salt, return ;
and if the Quantity of Gold pleafes them, they
take it, and leave the Salt; if not, they leave
both, and withdraw again : The other Moors
then come-on, and the Heaps they find without
Gold, they carry with them ; and either advance
more Gold to the other Parcels, or leave the
Salt. In this Manner they trade, without feeing
or fpeaking to one another ; which has been a e
very ancient Cuftom among them. I his Ac¬
count, the Author owns, appears fomewhat im¬
probable ; yet he affirms, that he had it from fe-
veral Arabs , and Azanaghi Merchants, as well as
other Perfons, who were worthy of Credit.
CAD A MOSTO afked the fame Merchants,
how it came to pafs that the Emperor of Melli ,
being fuch a great Lord, as they reported, did
not find Means, by Friendlhip or Force, to dif-
cover who thefe People were, that would not f
fuffer themfelves to be feen or talked-to? Upon
this they told him, that not many Years before,
an Emperor of Melli , having determined to get
fome of thefe Invifibles into his Hands, held a
Council on the Occafion ; wherein it was order¬
ed, that before the Salt Karawan returned from
their half- Day’s Journey, fome of his Men
4 E
579
fhould go and make Pits by the Water-Side, near 1455.
where the Salt was left, that they fhould hide Cada Mo'io.
themfelves therein ; and that when the Negros '‘'-’’V— ^
came to leave the Gold on the Salt, they fhould
attack them, and make two or three Prifoners.
This Project was executed, and four were One of them
taken ; the reft having fled : Three alfo of thofe, ******
who had been furprifed, were fet at Liberty by
the Captors ; who judged, that one would be
fufficient to fatisfy the Emperor’s Dcfue, and
that the Negros would be lefs provoked. But,
after all, the Defign proved abortive ; for the
Prifoner would neither fpeak, (though talked to
in various Languages) nor eat any Victuals; fo
that, at four Days End, he died. This has made
the Melli Negros think, that thefe Blackmoors
are dumb. Others are of Opinion, that the
Captive, having been endued with human Shape,
muft needs have had the Gift of Speech ; but
that, finding himfelf treated in a Manner, that
none of his Predeceflors ever had been, he re-
fufed to fpeak, out of Indignation.
This crofs Accident was much regretted b y 'their fright.
the Negros of Melli, becaufe their Lord was^ Form‘
thereby prevented from obtaining his Ends ; and
the Captors having brought the Emperor an Ac¬
count of the Man’s Death, he received it with
great Difpleafure, and afked of what Stature they
were ? He was anfwered, that they were exceed¬
ing black, well fhaped, and a Span taller than
themfelves : That their under Lip was thicker
than a Man’s Fift, and hung down on their
Breads : That it was very red, and that fome-
thing like Blood dropped from it ; but that their
upper Lip was as fmall as that of other People.
That the Form of their Lips expofed to View
their Gums and Teeth, which were larger than
their own ; and that they had great Teeth in
each Corner of their Mouths : That their Eyes
were large and black. In fhort, that they made
a terrible Figure, Blood dropping from their Gums
as well as Teeth.
This Accident prevented all the fucceeding Trade inter-
Emperors from making any farther Attempt oDuped,
this Kind : Becaufe on Account of the Negro’s
Death, his Countrymen, for the Space of three
Years, forbore coming to buy any Salt, as they
ufed to do. It is believed, that their Lips began
to putrify at laft through the exceffive Heat of the
Climate ; and that being no longer able to indure
fo grievous a Diftemper, of which fome muft
have died for Want of that effetftual Remedy
the Salt, they returned of their own Accord to
traffic for that Commodity. This has eftablifhed
an Opinion, that they cannot live without the
Salt ; the Negros of Melli judging of the Cafe of
the others by their own : For the l.mperor s 1 art,
he does not regard whether thofe Blacks ipea or
2 ' *0t’
5So
H55-
V oyages to the Coasts
not, fo lie has but the Profit of their Gold. This is ;
C a]
Ceurfe of
Cold ' Trade ,
Cada Motto, all Cada Mojio could learn of the Matter*; which,
he thinks, may well be credited, fince fo many
Perfons have affirmed the fame to be Fa&, and
that he firmly believed every Word of it him-
felf, who had both feen and heard of many ftrange
Things in the World.
The Gold brought to Me lli is divided into
three Parts : The firfl fent by the Melli Karawan
to Kokhia, which lies on the Road to Syria and
Kairo ; the other two Shares are fent by another
Karawan from Melli to Tombuto , from whence
the Gold is fent in Divifions; firfl to Toet b, and
from thence along the Coafl to Tunis in Barbary.
The lafl Divifion is fent to Hoden above-mention¬
ed, from whence it fpreads to Oran and One c,
Towns in Barbary , within the Streights of Gib¬
raltar ; and to Fez and Marokko , Arzila , Azafi ,
and Mejfa , Towns without the Streights ; where
the Italians and other Chrijlians had it from the
Moors , in Return for divers Merchandizes. In
fhort, this is the beft Commodity that is brought
from the Azanaghi’s Country ; for of the Gold
fent to Hoden every Year, as before obferved, they
bring fome to the Sea-Coafl, and barter it with
the Portugueze at Argin d.
I N the Land of Tawny-Moors , no Money is
coined ; nor do they ever ufe Money, any more
than in the neighbouring Countries ; but all their
Trade is carried on by bartering one Thing for
another, and fometimes two for one, which is c
their Way of Living. It is true, that the Aza-
naghi and Arabs , in fome of their Towns within
Land, ufe little white Shells e, which are brought
to Venice from the Levant, of which they pay
certain Numbers, according to the Goodnefs of
what they are to buy. They give the Gold they
fell by Mitigal Weight, which is about a Ducat
in Value.
The Inhabitants of this Defart have neither
Religion nor Sovereign, only thofe who are the £
richefl, and have the largefl Retinues, are Lords,
as is cuftomary in manv Places. The Women
are tawny, and wear Cottons that come from
the Country of the Negros ; and fome of them
Frocks, which are called Alkhezeli j but no
and Islands of Afri
Smocks : And fhe who has the largefl and longeft ja * J
Bubbies, is reputed the greatefl Beauty: For this Cada m*
7 t-e Aza
uaghi.
. w Beauty r or tms cada Moi
Reafcn, when they attain the Age of feventeen
or eighteen Years, and that their Breafls are fome-
what grown, they tie a Cord very flreight round mZf™
the Middle of them, which prefles very hard and
breaks them, fo that they hang down ; and by
pulling them every Day, they grow longer and
longer, reaching as low as the Navel of fome
Women.
» The Men ride Horfes in the Moorijh Fafhion,
but have not many j for the Barrennefs of the
Country will not allow them to keep any, nei¬
ther could they live long in fuch great Heats.
The Defart throughout is very hot, and has but
little Water, which makes the Country dry and
barren. It rains here only three Months in the
Year ; that is, in Augujl , September , and Octo¬
ber. The Author was alfo informed, that in
fome Years large Swarms of Locufts appear in Smrmtj
this Country ; they are like Grafhoppers, the Loaifts, J
Length of one’s Finger, and of a red and yellow
Colour. They appear fometimes in fuch Clouds
in the Air, as to hide the Sun, covering the Ho¬
rizon as far as the Sight can reach, which is from
twelve to fixteen Miles ; and where they lodge,
they flrip the Ground bear, which they look up¬
on as a great Peftilence. Thefe Infedls come every
third or fourth Year: But were they to pay their
Vifits every Year, there would be no living in
the Country. The Author faw an incredible
Number of them on the Coafl, when he tra¬
velled through it.
*Tbeir Man -
turi%
SECT. IV.
The River Senega. Entrance deferibed. Surprifmg
Ctmtrajl. Country of Senega. The Jalofs: Their
Kings , how maintained: Their Wives, how dif-
pofed of: Their Religion. Drefs of the Men.
Prepofierous Drawers. Womens Drefs. Their
Genius and Manners. Their Arms. Very
rageous. Have Boats , but no Ships.
ecu -
H
A V I N G doubled Cape Blanco , they con- River Se*
tinued their Courfe to the River called neea
a I am afraid, few of our Readers will think either the Teflimony of the Africans , however pofitive, or Be¬
lief of the Author, however flrong, an Argument fufficient to gain their Credit to this Story : But at the fame
Time we may venture to affert, that this is actually a common Report in that Country, and no Invention of
Cada Mojlo’s ; for Jobfon, who was at the River Gambra , or Gambia , in 1620, repeats the Whole of this Story-
in Subfiance, (as will appear in his Relation inferted hereafter) ; and Movette relates the Circum fiances of the
Blacks trafficing for Salt without being feen, which he had from the Moors of Marokko. See his Travels there
in 1671, in Stephens's, Collection, vol. 2. p. 81. Indeed we hear nothing from this Author of the frightful Lips ;
but every Fiction ha: its Period, and that at prefent is perhaps out of Date. b In Grynteus , Ato. c In
the fame Author, Hona. d This is the firfl Account (brought from thefe Quarters) of the Parts whence
the Gold comes, and the Courfe of its Trade through Africa, and into Europe ; and feems more particular and
than any given fince by later Authors. « Porcellette ; doubtlefs, what we call Kori Shells.
Senega^
Voyages to the Coasts
ij/.P Senega, which divides the Defart and the tawny a
iiaMoii o. Azanaghi from the fruitful Lands and Negros.
Five Years before Cada Mojlo made the Voyage,
this River was difcovered by three Caravels be¬
longing to Prince Henry ; which entering it, made
Peace, and fettled a Trade with the Moon ; fince
which Time, Ships have been fent every Year to
traffic with them.
ntrtnct it- This River is large, above a Mile wide at the
ibtd, Mouth, and Efficiently deep. A little farther,
it has another Entrance. Between the two there b
is an Bland, which forms a Cape running into the
Sea, and at each Mouth there are Sand-Banks
and Shoals, reaching about a Mile from Shore :
For this Reafon all Ships that fail into the Senega
ought to obferve the Courfe of the Tide ; which
alfo ebbs and flows every fix Hours for feventy
Miles within it, as the Author was informed by
the Portugueze , who had been a great Way up it
with Caravels to trade. From Cape Blanco , which
is three hundred and eighty Miles diftant, the c
Coaft is all fandy till within twenty Miles of the
River ; it is called the Coaft of Anterota , and be¬
longs to the Azanaghi , or Tawny- Moors.
’prfag CADA MOSTO was quite furprifed to find
Urrf' fo great a'Difterence in fo narrow a Space ; for on
the South-Side of the River, the Inhabitants are
exceeding black, tall, corpulent, and well made ;
the Country all green, and full of Fruit-Trees:
And on the other Side, the Men are tawny,
meagre, and fmall of Stature ; the Country dry d
and barren. This River, according to the Opi¬
nion of the Learned in thefe Parts, is a Branch
of the River Gbion , which comes from the ter-
reftrial Paradife. The Ancients called this Branch
Niger, which wafhes all Ethiopia, and drawing
near the Ocean towards the Weft, divides into
many other Branches. The Nile , which is ano¬
ther Branch of the Gbion, wafhes Egypt, and falls
into the Mediterranean a.
: jajcf5i The firft Kingdom of the Negros lies on the e
River Senega, and thofe who inhabit the Banks
thereof are called Jalofs b ; All the Country is
low, not only to that River, but alfo beyond it,
as far as Cape de Verde ; which is the higheft Land
on all this Coaft, and four hundred Miles diftant
from Cape Blanco. This Kingdom of Senega is
bounded on the Eaft, with the Country called
Tukbufor on the South, with the Kingdom of
Gambra c ; on the Weft, with the Ocean ; and
on the North, with the River. f
and Islands of Africa. 581
The King, who reigned in Senega, in Cada I455.
Mofto's Time, was called Zukbolin , and twenty- Cada Mcfto,
two Years of Age. This Kingdom is not here-'— '“V— - J
ditary, but commonly three or four Lords (0£Giverrmer!(i
which there are many in the Country) chufe a
King to their own Liking, (yet always of noble
Parentage) who reigns as long as he pleafes them.
They often dethrone their Kings by Force, and
the Kings many Times render themfelves fo
powerful, as to ftand on their Defence ; which
makes the Government unfettled, as that of the
Soldan of Cairo is, who is always in Fears of be¬
ing killed or banillied.
These Kings are not like thofe of Europe,
for their Subjects are Savages, and extreme poor : mamta,K •
They have no walled Towns, but only Villages,
with thatched Houfes. They ufe neither Lime or
Stone for building, not knowing how to make the
one, or form the other. The Kingdom is fmall,
extending (as the Author was informed) no more
than two hundred Miles along the Coaft, and the
fame within Land. This King has no certain Re¬
venues, but the Lords of the Country, to court his
Favour, make him Prefents every Year of Horfes,
(which are very much efteemed here, being fcarce)
together with Furniture ; and other Beafts, fuch
as Cows and Goats ; alfo Pulfe, Millet, and fuch
like Things. This King likewife lives by Rob¬
beries, and forcing fome of his Subjects and thofe
of neighbouring Provinces into Slavery; Part
whereof he employs in cultivating the Lanas af-
figned him, and fells the reft to the Azanaghi
and Arabian Merchants, who trade here with
Horfes, and other Things, as well as to the
Chrijlians, fince. Trade has been opened between
them.
Every Man here may entertain as man yTisirWom,
Women as he pleafes. The King has always
upwards of thirty, and diftinguifhes them ac¬
cording to their Delcent, and 'the Rank of the Lords
whofe Daughters they are. He keeps them in
certain Villages and Places of his own, eight or
ten together. Each of them has a feparate Houfc
to dwell in, and a fixed Number of young Wo¬
men to attend on her, with Slaves to cultivate
the Land affigned her, that they may maintain-
themfeves with the Product thereof. They have
likewife Cows and Goats, which the Slaves alfo
take Care of; and thus they fow, reap, and
live*
When the King comes to any of thefe Vil- &>*> dijBfd
a Thefe Notions later Difcoveries have fhewed to be erroneous. b Or, Jalofs. c Although the
firft Kingdom or Kingdoms of the Blacks lies upon the Senega or Sanagha , and others along the G aw.bra ; yet
there were not pro; erly any Kingdoms of thefe Names. There was indeed, to the North 01 the canaga, t e
Country inhabited by the Sanhaga , or Azanaghi, from whence the River feems to have taken its Name . if 1
was divided among various Tribes of thefe People, and not under any one Sovereign. However, t e °e •
graphers fince then have propagated the firft Miftake, .
r$2 Voyages to the Coasts
1 4£/-# lages, he brings no Provifions along with him;
Cada Mofto, thefe Women being obliged to bear the Expences
c— «v— -/of him and his Retinue whenever he vifits them.
Every Morning, at Sun-rife, each of his Wo¬
men in the Place he arrives at prepares three or
four Covers of divers Viands ; fuch as Fleih,
Fifh, and other Dainties, according to the
Moorijh Tafte, which are carried by the Slaves
to the King’s Pantry : So that, in lefs than an
Hour, there are from forty to fifty Diflies brought ;
and when his Alajefty has a Mind to eat, he
finds every thing ready to his Hand. After he
has eaten of fuch Diflies as he likes beft, the Re¬
mainder is given to his Retinue : But as this Diet
is never in Plenty, they are always hungry. Thus
he travels from one Place to another, vifiting his
Women, by which Means he has a very nu¬
merous Ifi'ue : But from the Inftant any of them
proves with Child, he goes near her no more.
All the Lords live in the fame Manner.
*Tbttr Reli- These Negros profefs the Mohammedan Re-
gim, ligion, but are not fo well inftrudfed therein as
the White Moon, particularly the common Peo¬
ple. The Lords have always about them fome
of the Azanaghi for that Purpofe, or elfe Arabs ,
who come to refide there. Thefe have incul¬
cated, that it would be a Difgrace for them, who
are Lords, to live without obferving any of God’s
Laws, and to a& as the inferior People do with-
cut any Religion. It is owing to their never
having converfed with any but the Azanaghi s ,
or Arabs , that they are Mohammedans : But fince
they became acquainted with Chrijlians, they are
not fo fond of that Faith.
The Generality of thefe Negros go quite
naked, except covering their privy Parts with a
Goat’s Skin, made in the Form of a Pair of
Breeches. But the Lords, and thofe who are
able, wear Cotton Shirts, of the Product of the
and Islands of Africa.'
a Their Women, married or unmarried, go 1455,
naked from the Waift upwards ; and downwards, Cada Moi
wear a Piece of Cotton to half the Leg. Both '
Sexes go bare-footed and uncovered, but weave
Drift of thi
Men .
The Want
.w.vu ul,u^1.vu.v.vu, Drcfs*
their Hair into beautiful l refies, which they tie J *
in various Knots, though it be fhort. The Men
employ themfelves in Womens Work ; fuch as
fpinning, wafhing of Cloaths, and the like. Genius am
It is very hot here, not being fo cold in jamMarintrt‘
nuary , as it is in Italy in the Month of April ;
and the farther one travels, the more the Heat
increafes. Both Men and Women wafh them¬
felves four or five Times a Day, being very clean¬
ly as to their Perfons, but not fo in eating, in
which they obferve no Rule. Although very ig¬
norant and aukward in going about any thing
which they have not been accuftomed to, yet in
their own Bufinefs, which they are acquainted
with, they are as expert as any Europeans can be.
They are full of Words, and never have done
talking ; and are, for the moft Part, Liars and
Cheats. Yet, on the other hand, they are very
charitable : For they give a Dinner, or a Night’s
Lodging, and a Supper to all Strangers who come
to their Houfes, without expecting any Return.
These Negro Lords often make War among %(\r Ar
themfelves, and with their Neighbours. They
have no Cavalry, for Want of Horfes : They
wear no Arms, fave a large Target for their De¬
fence, made of the Skin of a Beaft, called Danta ,
which is very difficult to be pierced ; and Aza -
gays, or light Darts, in throwing of which they
are very dexterous. Thefe Darts are pointed with
Iron, the Length of a Span, barbed in different
Manners ; fo that they make dangerous Wounds
in the Body wherever they enter, tearing the Fleih
grievoufly, when pulled out. They alfo have a
Moorijh Weapon, which is
Sword ; that is, bent like
like a Turkijl) half
a Bow, and made of
Country, which is fpun by their Women. They Iron, (without any Steel) brought from the King-
weave Pieces of Cotton a Span wide, but never e dom of Gambra by the Negros, who thereof
Prepfercus
Drawers.
never e
any wider, not having the Art of making larger
Looms ; fo that they are obliged to few five or
fix of thefe Pieces together, when they v/ould
make any large Work. Their Shirts reach to
half their Thighs, the Sleeves of which are large,
but cover only half of the Arm.
They ufe Cotton Drawers, which hang down
make their Arms ; and if they have any Iron in
their own Country, they know nothing of it,
or want Induftry to work it. They ufe alfo ano¬
ther fpeared Weapon, like our Javelin ; befides
which, they have no other Arms.
As they have but few Arms, their Wars ar ey„,m
very bloody, for their Strokes do not fall in vain .regem.
to the Small of the Leg, and are monftroufly They are extremely bold and fierce, choofing ra-
wide, being from thirty to thirty-five and forty
Palms in Circumference ; fo that, when tied on,
they are full of Plaits, and though like a Sack
before, the hind Part trails on the Ground like a
Tail, refembling large Petticoats with a Train.
In Ihort, it makes the moft prepofterous Figure
in the World ; yet they afked the Europeans , if
they ever had feen a finer Drefs ? For in their
own Opinion, nothing comes up to it for Ele¬
gance.
ther to be killed, than to fave their Lives by
Flight. They are not afraid to die, nor feared,
as other People are, when they fee a Companion
fiain. They have no Ships, neither did they ever
fee any, before the Portugueze came upon their
Coaft. Thofe inhabiting near the River, and Boats, b
fome who live by the Sea, have Zappolies, or n0
Almaidas , made out of a Angle Piece of Wood,
the largeft whereof carries three or four Men.
In thefe they filh fometimes, and go up and down
the
Voyages to the Coasts
jACr. the River. Thefe Negros are the grcateft Swim- t
ad^Mofta. mers in the World, by the Experiments the Au-
- ' thor had feen of them in thefe Parts.
i
! S E C T. V.
Country of Budomel. The Author lands : Is well
received. Goes into the Country. Surpriftng Per¬
formance of two Blacks. Lord Budomel’r Ha¬
bitation : His Wives and Women : His confant
Retinue. Great State of the great Men. Dif- t
courfe about Religion. Way of eating.
mtryof f^ADA MOSTO having paffed the River
udome). C/ 0f Senega with his Caravel, failed along the
Coaft to the Country of Budomel , about eight
hundred Miles farther, the Country between be¬
ing all low Land, and without Mountains. He
flopped at this Place to know fomething of the
Lord Budomel , (from whom the Country took
its Name ;) certain Portugueze , who had dealt with
him, having reprefented him as a very juft Per-
fon, who might be confided in, as he paid for
every thing he took. Our Adventurer had fome
Spanifo Horfes on board, which were much efteem-
ed among the Negros > befides Cloth, Moorijh
wrought Silks, and many other Commodities.
hi Author As foon therefore as he came to anchor at a
ndi, Place called the Palm of Budomel , which is a Road,
and not a Port, he fent his Interpreter, who
was a Negro, to give this Lord Notice of his
Arrival, and the Goods he had on board. Not
long after. Lord Budomel himfelf, with about
fifteen Horfe, and an hundred and fifty Foot,
came to the Sea-Side, and fent to defire Cada
Mofo to land, for that he would do him a Piece
of Service. He accordingly went, and was re¬
ceived with great Civility.
•will re- Aft er fome Difcourfe, the Author delivered
wed. him fevcn Horfes, with their Furniture, and
every thing elfe that he wanted, which coft in
all three hundred Ducats ; trufting to his Honour
for Payment, which he propofed to make at his
Houfe, twenty-five Miles diftant from the Shore ;
intreating Cada Moflo to go down with him, and
to wait a few Days, becaufe he was to pay for
what Goods he had in Slaves. Cada Mojlo readi¬
ly agreed to go, induced as much by the Defire
of making Difcoveries, as of being paid. But
before they fet out, the Lord made him a Prefent
of a beautiful Female Black, of about twelve
Years old ; telling him, at the fame Time, that
he gave her to him to ferve him in his Cabin.
The Gift was willingly accepted of, and fent a-
board.
Li khtbe BUDOMEL furnilhed the Author with
iw’-.try, Horfes, as well as every thing elfe neceffary for a
* A Grojfo is about I
and Islands of Africa. 583
Journey ; and when they came within four Miles 1455.
of his Habitation, gave him in Charge to Bif- Cada Mofto.
bcror his Nephew, who was Lord of a little Townv“—’V,"J
where they had arrived. Bisboror took him to
his own Houfe, and treated him all the while he
remainded there (which was twenty-eight Days)
with great Civility, and good Company. This
was in November ; during which Time, he went
often to fee Lord Budomel , in Company with his
Nephew, and obferved many Things relating to
their Way of Living. He had the greater Op¬
portunity to make Remarks, as he travelled back,
as far as the River Senega , on Account of the
tempeftuous W eather ; which arifing on this
Coaft, fo that he could not go on board, he was
obliged to fend the Ship before to this River, and
go by Land himfelf.
The Author obferves, upon this Occafion
that being defirous to fend Inftru£lions to tho {^ferf0Tmarilt
in the Ship, to meet him at the Senega , he in-
: quired among the Blacks, if any of them would
undertake to carry a Letter for him on board ?
To which feveral of them anfwered in the Af¬
firmative. The Ship lay about three Miles from
Shore, the Sea ran high, and there was a great
Wind ; infomuch, that he thought it impoffible
for any Man to perform it ; efpecially as feveral
Sand-Banks lay near the Shore, and about half
Way, other Banks ; with a great Current run¬
ning between them, fometimes backwards, and
1 fometimes forwards, that it is a moil difficult
Talk for any Man to fwim through them, with¬
out being carried away by the Stream : Befides,
the Sea breaks over the Banks with fo much V io-
lence, that it feemed impoffible to furmount fuch
Obftru&ions.
Notwithstanding two of thefe Negros Of two
offered to go, and having demanded, what they Blacku
expe&ed for their Labour ? They anfwered, two
Mavulgis of Tin for each of them, the Mavulgi
* being worth no more than one Grojfon *. At
' this Price they undertook to carry the Letter to
the Ship, and took the Water. 1 cannot exprefs
the Difficulties, fays the Author, which they were
to encounter with in paffing the Sand-Bank in fo
high a Sea. Sometimes they were out of Sight
for a confiderable while, and I often thought
they had been drowned. At laft, one of them
not being able any longer to refill the Violence
of the Waves which broke over him, turned
f back; but the other being ftronger, after ftiug-
gling a large Hour on the Bank, got pall it; and
having carried the Letter to the Caravel, return¬
ed with an Anfwer ; which to me, fays the Au¬
thor, feemed very wonderful, and thence I con¬
cluded, that the Negros of this Coaft muft be the
bell Swimmers in the World,
tree Farthings Englijb . fL
Voyages to ths Coasts ciud Islands c/1 A f r i c a.
5§4
j a rrt It has been already obferved, that thofe who
Cadr.viofto.are called Lords, have neither Caftles nor Cities.
O'VNJThe King of this Country has nothing but Vil-
Budomeri jaoes with thatched Houfes. Budomel is Lord
Habitant J3 part of this Kingdom, which is fmall :
Thefe are not Lords on Account of their Riches
<3r Treafure, becaufe they have none; neither is
there any Coin made ufe of among them: But
they are confidered as fuch, out of Courtefy,
and bv Reafon of the great Retinues, with which
they are always attended ; being refpe&ed and 1
feared, by their Subje&s, more than any Italian
Lords. The Place of Budomel’ s Refidence was
neither a walled Houfe nor Palace ; but, accord¬
ing to their Manner of Living, he has fome Vil¬
lages affigned for the Habitation of himfelf, and
.his Wives, with their refpective Families ; becaufe
he never fixes in one Place. The Village, where
the Author refided, was one of his Habitations, and
had between forty and fifty thatched Houfes built
near one another, and furrounded with Ditches
and large Trees, only a Paflage or two was left
for Entrance ; and every Houfe had a Court, in-
clofed with a Hedge.
Wiles BUDOMEL , according to Report, had nine
.end JVemtn. Wive$ in this Place, and more or lefs in other
Villages. Each of thefe Women has five or fix
young Negros to attend her ; with whom the
Lord may lie when he pleafes ; nor are the Wives
offended thereat, it being the Cuftcxm. Both Sexes
are very lafcivious ; and one of the chiefeft Things
that Budomel importuned the Author about, was,
to teach him the Art of pleafing many Wo¬
men. He had been told, the Cbrijlians were
very expert at it ; and promifed to grant what¬
ever was in his Power to give on that Condition.
They are very jealous, and fuffer no Body to en¬
ter the Houfe where any of their Women dwell ;
nor would they even truft their own Sons.
3h ccvjiant BUDOMEL has always at leaft two hun-
dred Negros in his Retinue ; who change from
Time to Time ; fome going, and others coming
in their Room : Befides, many People repair from
the adjacent Places to meet him. At the En¬
trance of his Houfe, before his Apartment, there
are feven large Courts, leading from one to the
other, with a Tree in the Middle of each ;
where thole wait who come upon Bufinefs. His
Family is diftributed in thefe Courts, according
to the Rank of the Perfon ; the moft confidera-
ble being ftationed neareft, and the meaneft far-
theft from his Apartment ; which few approach,
except the Cbrijlians and Azanagbi, who have
free Admifiion ; more Liberty being allowed them
than the Negros.
great states BUDQME L affecls great State and Gravity,
a for he will not be feen, except one Hour in the 145^
Morning, and, for a little while, towards theCadaModo
Evening ; at which Times he appears in the firft1— ' V"***
Court, near the Door of the Apartment ; into
which none but Pcrfons of Note are permitted to
enter. The Pride of thefe Lords appears moft
in giving Audience ; for when any Perfon came
to (peak to Budomel , were his Condition ever fo
great, he was obliged, firft, to (trip himfelf ftark
naked, excepting the Skins which covered his
b Privities; then, the Inftant he entered the Court,
he fell upon his Knees, and bowed down his
Head as low the Earth; laftly, with both his
Hands he covered his Head and Shoulders with
gan(]
This is the Manner in which they falute their Of tie gu
Lord ; nor is there any Perfon whoever exempt^"'
from thefe Duties; not even their own Relations.
The Perfon, who folicits the Audience, remains
a great while in this penitential Poflure, Gabbing
: himfelf with Sand, and crawling on his Knees,
till he approach the great Man. When the
Supplicant is within two Paces of this Lord, he
{tops, and begins to relate his Cafe ; but ftill con¬
tinues to lay on Sand, with the Head down, in
Token of great Humility. All this while the Lord
fcarce feems to take Notice of him, being in Dif-
courfe with other Pefons; and when his Vaffal
has told his Story, with an arrogant Afpeft,
makes the Anfwer in two Words. Such is his
d affedted Pride and Grandeur ; and fuch is the
Submiflion paid him: Infomuch, that the Author
does not think, greater could be given to God
himfelf, were he on Earth. This, in his Opi¬
nion, proceeds from the great Awe and hear they
live in of their Lords ; who, for every little Fault
they commit, take their Wives and Children,
and caufe them to be fold for Slaves.
BUDOMEL behaved with great Complai
fance to Cada Mojlo , and carried him into the
e Mofks b ; for, towards Evening, he ordered the
Azanagbi or Arabs , whom he always had about
him, to fay Prayers. His Manner was thus :
Being entered into the Mofk, (which was in one
of the Courts) with fome of the principal Ne¬
gros, he firft flood with his Eyes lifted-up, then
he advanced two Steps, and fpoke a few W ords
foftly ; after which, he ftretched himfelf on the
Ground, and kifled it: The Azanaghi , and all
the reft, did the fame. . Then rifing, he repeated
f the fame A£b over again, ten or twelve "I imes,
which took up half an Hour.
When he had done, he afked the Author’s
Opinion of their Manner of Worfhip ; and to^ '
give him fome Account of his own Religion:
Hereupon Cada Mojlo told him, in Prefence of
8 Captain Job/on, in his Voyage up the River Gambra, in 1620, inferted hereafter, relates the very fame
Qiftom as pra&ifed by the Inhabitants. b Masjeds, or Churches.
4
Voyages to the Coasts
!r455* k’s Dodlors, that the Religion of Mohammed was 2
!da Mono, falfe ; and the Romijh , the true one. This made
the Arabs mad, and Budomel laugh ; who, on
this Occafton, faid, that he looked upon the Re¬
ligion of the Europeans to be good ; for that
none but God could have given them fo much
Riches and Underftanding. He added, however,
that the Mohammedan Law mud be alfo good j
and that he believed the Negros were more fure
of Salvation than the Chrijlians, becaufe God
was a juft Lord ; and, therefore, as he had given b
the latter Paradife in this World, it ought to be
poflefled, in the World to come, by the Negros,
who had fcarce any Thing here, in Comparifon
of the others. In all his Difcourfe he fhewed a
good Underftanding ; and took great Pleafure in
hearing the Cuftoms of the Cbri/lians. Cada Moffo
believed he might eafily have been converted,
were it not for Fear of lofing his Eftate ; for his
Nephew, in whofe Houfe he lodged, often told
him ifo ; and took great Delight himfeLf in hear- c
ing the Author talk of his Religion.
ay of tat- BUDOME L’s Table, like thofe of all other
Lords, and Men of Condition, is fupplied by
their Wives, in the fame Manner as the King of
Senega's is furnifhed ; each fending him every
Day fo many Difhes. They eat on the Ground,
without any Regularity, or Company, except
the Moors , who are their Teachers, and one or
two of their chief Negros. The inferior People
eat by ten and twelve in a Mefs. A Bafket full of <
Victuals being fet before them, all put their
Hands in together. They eat but very little at a
Time ; but go to it four or five Times a Day.
SECT. VI.
The Soil and Product. Way of Culture . Palm-
Tree Wine . Fruit , and other Trees. Animals.
Charming of Serpents. Poifoning of Darts.
Cattle. Wild Elephants : Do not attack Men.
Parrots: Their Neffs, how contrived. Their
Markets or Fairs. Way of buying and felling.
Horfes very fcarce. Diverfions of the Negros.
Surprifed at a Bagpipe , as well as at the Ship ,
and a lighted Candle. Their mufical Infiru-
ments.
i« Soil and TVTO Bread-Corn, Rye, Oats, or Wine, grows
w«f7, J^J in the Kingdom of Senega , or any of the
Negro Countries on that Coaft, on Account of
the great Heats : This they made Trial of by the
Seeds they had from the Ship : For Wheat re¬
quires a temperate Soil, and frequent Rains ;
which are wanting here. They have no Rain
for nine Months in the Year; that is, from
Ultsber till June. However, they have large and
and Islands 0/ Africa. 585
fmall Millet, Beans, and the fineft Kidney-Beans 1 455.
in the World : They are as large as Hazle-Nuts, Cada Mofto„
but longer than the Venetian , and fpeckled with v— —
various Colours, as if painted ; fo that they make
a beautiful Shew. The Bean is large, flat, and
of a lively Red : There are alfo white Beans.
They fow in July, and reap in September ; at
which Time Rain fall*, and the Rivers are
fwelled.
They prepare the Soil, fow, and get in their Way cf Cui-
Harveft, all in three Months Time. They aret“'A
bad Hufbandmen, no Lovers of Labour, and
fow no more than what barely ferves them the
Year round ; for they lay up no Store of Oats
for Sale. Their Method of turning up the Earth
is thus ; four or five of them go into a Field,
with Spades, (inftead of Shovels, ufed in Italy) and
throw up the Earth ; running it not above four
Inches deep in the Ground: This is all their
Ploughing. But as the Soil is fo fertil and kind,
: it produces every Thing they fow, without any
farther Pains.
Their Liquors are Water, Milk, and Palm - Poim-Tru
Wine; which latter is taken from Trees (here^w*
very numerous) like the Date-Trees, though not
the fame *. They yield this Liquor, called by
the Negros Mighol \ all the Year round. Being
tapped in two or three Places, towards the Foot,
a brown Water runs out, as thin as Skim-Milk,
into the Calabafles, fet to receive it. The Li-.
[ quor diftils but (lowly; for a Tree will not fill
above two Calabafles from Morning till Night.
It is exceeding good to drink ; and intoxicates,
like Wine, if not mixed with Water. It is as
fweet the firft Day as any Wine in the World ;
but the lufeious Tafte goes off every Day more
and more, till, at length, it becomes eager. It
drinks better the third or fourth Day than the
firft, becaufe it purges a little, and is not fo fweet.
Cada Modo drank frequently of it every Day,
e while he was in that Country, and liked it better
than the Wine of Italy. This Mighol is not in
fuch Plenty that every Body may have it at Dif-
cretion ; however, they all have fome ; efpecially
the chief Men: For the Tree is not planted in
Gardens, like the Fruits or Vines of Europe , but
grows in the Forefts, and is common to all.
They have feveral Sorts of Fruits, like th eEuro- Fruit, and
pean , though not exa<5lly the fame; and notwith-tfier ^Tta*
Handing they grow wild, yet they are very good,
f Were they cultivated in Gardens, they would
prove much better than thofe in the Northern
Climates ; the Quality of the Air and Soil being
very nutritive. The Country is all plain and fertil,
abounding with good Pafture, belides an infinite
Number of large and beautiful Trees, not known
in Europe. Here are, likewife, feveral Lakes of
* But a Species of it, called the Palmito
4 F
VOL. I.
N° XXIX.
frclh
s86
*45 5*
Cada Moflo
Voyages to the Coasts and I s l a n d s
Animals,
Charming of
Serpen’s.
Toifonmr
■Darts.
frefh Water, not large, but very deep, and full
of <*ood F i ib, which differ from fuch as are
found in Italy: Alfo many Water-Serpents, by
them called Kalkatrici. They have an Oil,
which they ufe in Victuals ; but the Author could
not tell what it was made of. It is remarkable
for three Qualities, viz. the Smell of a Violet,
the Tafte of Olive-Oil, and a Colour, that dyes
the Victuals better than Saffron. There is a
Plant here, likewife, that produces fmall Kidney-
Beans in great Quantities.
They have feveral Sorts of Animals; parti¬
cularly Serpents, both large and fmall ; feme
whereof are venomous. I he large ones aie more
than two Paces long, but have neither Legs nor
Wings, as Serpents are laid to have; but fo very
thick, that fome have fwallowed a Groat at one
Morfel. They retire in Troops, as the Natives
fay, to certain Places of the Country where white
Ants fwarm ; which, by Inftinil, build Houfes for
thefe Serpents, with the Earth they carry in their
Mouths for that Purpofe. Thefe Houfes look
like Ovens ; and are to the Number of an hun¬
dred and fifty in a Place.
The Negros are great Inchanters, ufing
Charms in refpeil of every Thing ; particularly
thefe Serpents. A Genoefe of Credit told Cacla
Mojlo, that the Year before being in Budomel’s
Country, and lodged likewife with his Nephew
Bisboror , he heard a great Whittling about the
Houfe at Midnight; which having wakened him,
he faw Bisboror rife, and call two Negros to
fetch his Camel ; faying, that he muff go. His
Gueft a Iked him, whereto,^ fo late at Night? He
anfwered, about certain Bufinefs ; but that he
would be foon back again. Bisboror returning
after fome Time, the Genoefe was inquifitive to
know where he had been. Did not you hear the
Hilling about the Houfe fome Time ago? fays
Bisboror: I did, fays the Genoefe. Thefe were
Serpents, fays the other ; and if I had not, with
certain Inchantments, which we ufe in thefe
Parts, fent them back to their own Quarters,
they would have killed a great many of my Cat¬
tle this Night.
The Genoefe being furprifed at this Account,
Bisboror told him, he need not wonder at all at
the Matter, for that Budomel could do a great
deal more ; and that when he had a Mind to en¬
venom his Weapons, he ufed to make a large
Circle, into which he brought, by his Spells, all
the Serpents in the Neighbourhood : Then letting
all go again, but that which he thought moft
poifonous, he killed it ; and with the Blood,
mixed with the Seed of a certain Tree, (which
the Author had fome of) infeiled his Weapons
to fuch a Degree, that if they drew but the leaft
of Afr I C A.
a Drop of Blood, the Perfon wounded died in a 1455.
Quarter of an Hour. The Genoefe farther af-CaiaMofl
‘firmed, that Bisboror offered to fhew him a Sam-'' — v~'“
pie of his Art; but that he was unwilling to fee
the Experiment: From hence Cada Mojlo con¬
cludes, that all the Negros muff be great Sorce¬
rers. He adds, that this Story of the Serpents
is very probable ; for that he had heard of Chri-
Jlians in Italy who could do the fame.
There are no tame Animals in the King- Can't.
b dom of Senega , fave Oxen, Cows, and Goats:
Sheep they have none ; neither could they live in
this hot Climate; for they love a temperate Air,
and live better in cold than hot Countries. But
Nature has provided Mankind every where with
Neceflaries according to their different Occafions.
She has furnifihed Europeans with Wool; who
could not do without it in thefe cold Climates3.
The Negros, who, living in fuch intenfe Heat,,
have no Occafion for Cloaths, are without Sheep ;
c but then the Deity has fupplied them with Cotton.
The Cattle of this Country are much fmaller
than thofe of Italy ; which feems to be owing to
the Heat. It is a Rarity to fee a red Cow here
for they are all black or white, or elfe mottled
with Spots of both Colours. Beaffs of Prey are.
numerous here ; fuch as Lions, Leopards, and
Wolves; alfo Goats and Hares. Wild Elephants
march in Troops, like Wood-Hogs, in Venice ;
hut can never be tamed, as in other Parts of the
d World.
This Animal being very well known, th tWME'.H
Author only obferves in general, that they are of Pbam*
a very large Size, which may be conceived from
their Teeth brought into Europe. Of thefe, each
Elephant has but two in the under Jaw, like the
wild Boar, without any other Difference, fave, that
the Points of the wild Boar’s Teeth turn upwards,
and thofe of the Elephant down. Cada Mojlo had
been told, before he failed to thefe Parts, that
e the Elephants could not bend their Knees, and
that they flept ftanding, which he declares to be
an egregious Falfehood ; for that their Knees may
be plainly difeerned in walking ; and that they
lie down, and rife, like all other Animals.
They never fhed their large Teeth before®.® Kttll‘
Death ; nor do Harm to any Man, unlefs pro¬
voked by him : In that Cafe, the Elephant at¬
tacks him with his Trunk, which is in Place of
a Nofe, of an exceeding Length. He can con-
f trail and extend this Probofcis at Pleafure ; and
will tofs a Man with it as far as a Sling can throw
a Stone. It is in vain to think to efcape by run¬
ning, let the Perfon be ever fo fwift, provided
the Elephant follows him in earned, and fetches
large Strides. They are more dangerous when
they have young ones, than at any other Times
Men.
Yet the People, in moil Parts of Europe, and even in Britain , formerly went naked
and
Voyages to the Coasts and Islands of Africa.' 587
] -jirc, and have but three or four at a Birth. They a two or three for one, according to the different 1455.
bdaMoflo. feed on Leaves of Trees and Fruit, pulling down Values, Thefe Blacks, both Men and Women, CadaMofto.
the large Boughs, and bringing them to the Mouth came to gaze on Cada Mojh as if he had been a
with their Trunk, which is a very thick Carti- *Krmo‘h'' 3 rrrp^ p"r'nr,Mr fn hp-
lage a. The Author could hear of no other Ani¬
mals being in this Kingdom, except the above-
mentioned.
fanets, There are divers Sorts of Birds in this Coun¬
try ; particularly Parrots, in great Numbers.
The Negros hate them, bccaufe they do great
Damage to their Millet and Pulfe. They fay, b
there are feveral Sorts of them ; but Cada Mojlo
could fee no more than two. The one, like
thofe brought from Alexandria , but a little (mai¬
ler. The other Sort is much larger, has a brown
Head, Neck, Beak, and Legs, the Body yellow
and green. He had a good Number of thefe two
Sorts, particularly the fmall ones, whereof many
died ; the reft, being about an hundred and fifty,
he carried to Spain, and fold them for half a
Ducat a-piece. <
tttir Nefti, These Birds are very induftrious in making
kw their Nefts, which they build with Bulrufhes, and
fmall Leaves of the Palm, and other Trees.
The Parrot chufes out the flendereft Branch, at
the End whereof fhe faftens the Bulrufh : To
which, being about two Spans Length, file fticks
her Neft, weaving it in a moft beautiful Man¬
ner ; and, when finifhed, it hangs like a Ball to
the End of the Bulrufn, having only one Paflage
into it. Thus they contrive to fave their Young
from the devouring Serpents; whofe Weight
thefe fmall Branches cannot fupport. There is
Plenty of other large Birds, called Pharaoh's
Hens in Europet, whither they are brought from
the Levant. They have likewife other Birds,
both large and fmall, quite different from any
known in Italy.
Tbdr Mar- A s the Author was feveral Days on Shore, he
kti,or Fain. went three or four Times to fee one of their
Markets, or Fairs ; which was kept on Mondays
and Fridays , in a Meadow, not far from the
Place where he was lodged. Hither repaired,
with their Wares, both Men and Women, for
four or five Miles about ; and thofe who lived at
a greater Diftance, went to other Markets nearer
them. The great Poverty of this People ap¬
peared in the (roods found in thefe hairs ; which
were, a few Pieces of Cotton -Cloth, Cotton-
Yarn, Pulfe, Oil, Millet, Wooden Tubs, Palm-
Prodigy ; and thought it a great Curiofity to be¬
hold a white Man, for they had never feen any
before. They were as much aftonilhed at his
Drefs as his Colour; being cloathed after the Spa-
niflo Faftiion, with a black Damalk Waiftcoat,
and a Cloak over it. They admired the Woollen
Cloth, of which they have none ; and feemed
much furprifed at the Sight of the Waiftcoat.
Some catched him by the Arms and Hands,
which they rubbed with Spittle, to fee if the
Wfikenefs was natural or artificial ; and finding
that his Skin was not painted, their Wonder con¬
tinued. The End of his going to thefe Markets
was, chiefly, to fee what Quantity of Gold was
brought thither.
Horses are of great Value, and fcarce, in ihrps -very
this Country of Negros, who cannot eafily com e/«ar£4'-
at them ; being brought from thofe Parts of
Barbary next Europe, by the Arabs and Aza -
naghi. Befides, the great Heat will not fuffer
them to live long; for they grow fo fat, that they
cannot make Water, and fo burft. They feed
them with Bean-Leaves, which they gather after
the Beans are brought from the Fields. Thefe are
cut fmall, being as dry Hay, and ferve inftead of
Oats : They give them Millet alfo ; which fat¬
tens them much. A Horfe and Furniture is fold-
1 for from nine to fourteen Negro Slaves ; accord-’
ing to his Goodnefs and Beauty. And when a
Lord buys one, he fends for his Horfe-Sorcerers ;
who, caufing a Fire to be made of certain Stalks
of Herbs, hold the Head by the Bridle over the
Smoak while they repeat a few Words. They af¬
terwards have him anointed all over with a fine
Oil ; and keeping him eighteen or twenty Days,
without fuffering any Body to fee him, fix to his
Neck fome Mcorijh Charms, (which look like
e doubled-up, fmall fquare Billets) covered with red
Leather. By Means of thefe Scrolls, they ima¬
gine, that they fhall engage with greater Safety in
Battle.
The Women of this Country are very plea - jytvtrf,m
fant and merry, and delight in Singing and Dan-ri« Mg™.
cing ; particularly the young ones. Thefe Diver-
fions they take only at Night, by the Light of
the Moon. Their Way of Dancing is very dif¬
ferent from the Italian. Several Things, belong-
Mats,’ and every Thing elfe for the Ufe of Life : f ing to the Sailors, feemed wonderful to the Ne-
J \ _ r„Ji ome ■ tjmnmr which, was the Crols-Bow : but
Here alfo one meets with Arms, and fmall Quan¬
tities of Gold.
Way *f buy As they have no Money or Coin of any Kind,
ingandfei- all Trade is carried on byWay of Barter ; ex¬
changing one Thing for another, and fometimes
gros ,
much
tmg
among which, was the Crofs-Bow ; but
_ _ more, the Artillery. Some of them com¬
ing on board, Cada Mofto caufed one of the Guns
to be fired off, which put them into a Panic ; their
Dread increafed, on his telling them, that one
a It is very pliable, and will wind and bijpd any V ay.
4 F 2
Cannon-
S88
1 4 55‘
Cada Moflc,
V. ■ — v — ml
Swprifid at
tb; Bagpife,
e/it tee Ship,
jind a liglt
id Candle,
No mujical
Inji nements.
Voyages to the Coasts
Cannon-Shot would kill an hundred Men ; on
which Occafion they faid, that it mult be fome-
thing belonging to the Devil.
They likewife greatly wondered at the Bag¬
pipe ; wjth which, he ordered one of his Sailors
to divert them. Upon beholding the feveral
Parts and Ornaments of the Inftrument, they
imagined it was a living Animal, that fung in
different Voices; taking great Delight in hearing
it played on. Cada Mojlo , obferving their Sim¬
plicity, told them, it was a mufical Inftrument,
and put it into their Hands unblown. Upon this,
trey perceived that it was made by Art: But
faid, that it was fomething divine, and made by
the Hands of God, fince it founded fo fweetly,
and with fo manydifFerentTor.es ; declaring, they
never heard any Thing that could come-up to it.
The Ship, and its Contrivance, afforded them
alfo Matter of great Admiration, as well as the
Mails, Sails, Shrouds, and Anchors. They took
the Port- Holes, made in the Stern, for real Eyes,
with which fhe found her Way by Sea. They
faid, the Europeans were great Sorcerers, and not
inferior to the Devil himfelf : That Travellers
by Land found Difficulty in tracing the Road
from one Place to another ; yet, that they tra¬
velled by Sea, where there were no Tracks,
which feemed much more difficult : And though
they were fo many Days without Sight of Land,
yet they knew what Courfe they fleered ; which,
to the Negros, could not be done, without old
Nick’s Affiftance. All this was owing to their
Ignorance of the Art of Navigation, and the
Compafs. But what they moft of all wondered
at was, to fee a Candle lighted in a Candleftick,
which to them, who had never beheld the like
before, appeared both beautiful and furprifing ;
for in this Country they have no other Light than
that of the Fire.
Honey they fuck out of the Combs, and
throw the Wax away, as ufelefs. The Author,
having bought fome of the Combs from a Negro,
(hewed how the Honey was taken out; and then
afked, if they knew what that was which remained ?
They anfwered, that they knew it to be good for
nothing : But they were greatly aftonilhed when
they faw it made into Candles, and lighted in
their Prefence ; faying, that the Chrijiians had
Knowledge of all Things. In this Country they
have no Sorts of mufical Inftruments, fave two;
the one a Moorijb Inftrument a, which might be
called a large Drum \ the other like a Fiddle ; but
it has only two Strings, which is played-on with
their Fingers, and makes no Harmony.
SECT. VII.
Cada Mofto leaves Budomel ; joins two Ships.
Cape Verde deferibed. Three little Jfands. A
and Islands of Africa.
a fine Coaf. Tivo Negro Nations. Slaves to no 14 er
Lords. River Barbafini. Come to another. Land
an Interpreter. He is cruelly fain. Come to' - /-
the Gambra. Enter the River. Difcover two
Boats. Followed by others. They attack the Ships.
Are repulfed. Come to a Parley. Refufe " all
Commerce , and retire. Stars vifble about the
North and South Poles. Winter Seafon here.
rpHE Author having, during his Stay inIW«&
b J, Budomel' s Country, feen a good Part of it, dome!,
and bought fome Slaves, he determined to double
Cape de Verde , in order to make new Difcoveries,
and try his Fortune, ftill farther: For, before his
Depaiture from Portugal , he was informed, by
Prince Henry , that a Perfon, well acquainted
with the Countries of the Negros, had affured him,
that not far from the Kingdom of Senega, there
was another, called Gambra ; out of which, ac¬
cord ing to the Report of the Natives, large
c Quantities of Gold were carried into Spain ; and
that the Chrijiians , who fhould go thither, might
enrich themfelves.
CADA MOSTO , who longed to go in Queft
of this Gold, having left Budotnel, repaired to
the Caravel, and fet Sail, without Delay. One
Morning he difeovered two Ships, and, coming
up with them, found that one belonged to Anto-
niotto TJfo di Mare, a Genoefe Gentleman ; and
the other, to fome Gentlemen, in the Service of
d Don Enriquez ; who came in Company with a
Delign to pafs Cape de Verde , and feek their For¬
tunes, by making new Difcoveries. As the Au¬
thor had the fame Views, he joined in Company
with them ; and all failed together. Southward,
along the Coaft, in Sight of Land, for the Cape,
which, next Day, they deferied ; being about
thirty Italian Miles diftant from the Place of his
Departure.
Cape de Verde is fo called, becaufe the Por- Cape Verrf
e tugueze, who had difeovered it about a Year be-#"^
fore, found it covered with Trees, which conti¬
nue green all the Year round. This is a high
and beautiful Cape, which runs a good Length
into the Sea; and has two Hills, or little Moun¬
tains, at the Point thereof. There are feveral
Villages of Negros from Senega, on and about
the Promontory, who dwell in thatched Houfes
clofe to the Shore, and in Sight of thofe who jail-
by. There are alfo fome Sand-Banks that run
f off it, about half a Mile, into the Sea.
Having doubled Cape Verde, they came to 7bm link
three little defart Iftands,. full of large green Trees; •
and as they wanted Water, they anchored at one
of them, which feemed to be the largeft and
moft fruitful, in Hopes of meeting with aSpring:
But, on landing, they found no Signs of any;,
except in one Place, which was of no Service to
* In Ramufo s Copy, Tabacebe : In Cr/naus, called .a Sambula ,
them*
*455-
'ada Mnftf*
r^’
^ fine Confl,
few Ntgro
Nations,
Slava to no
Lords,
Hiver Bar-
Wmi.
Voyages to the Coasts
them. They met, however, with feveral Birds
Nefts, and Eggs of different Sorts, fuch as they
never had feen before. They continued here all
that Day fifhing with Lines and large Hooks, and
catched an incredible Number, among which
were the Dentali, and gilded Fifh % that weighed
from twelve to fifteen Pounds a-piece. It was
then in July. ,
Next Day, they proceeded on their Courfe,
keeping always in Sight of Land. This Side of
the Cape forms a Gulph. The Coaft is all low,
and full of fine large Trees, which are conftantly
green ; that is, they never wither as thofe in
Europe do, for the new Leaves grow before the
old ones fall-off. Thefe Trees are fo near the
Shore, that they feem to drink out of the Sea. It
is a moft beautiful Coaft to behold ; and the Au¬
thor, who had failed both in the Eaft and Weft,
never faw any comparable to it. It is watered
every-where by feveral fmall Rivers : But they
turn to no Account, becaufe great Ships cannot
enter them.
Beyond this little Gulph, the Coaft is in¬
habited by two Negro Nations: One called Bar-
bofini ; the other Serreri , but not fubjeft to the
King of Senega ; for they have neither King nor
Lord of their own ; but one is more honoured
than another, according to the Condition and
Quality of thePerfon. They will fuffer no Lord
among them, perhaps, to prevent their Wives and
Children being taken from them, and fold for
Slaves, as they are in all the other Negro Coun¬
tries, which have Kings and Lords. They are great
Idolaters, without any Law, and extremely cruel.
They ufe Bows and Arrows more than any other
Weapon, whofe Wounds are incurable, if any
Blood is drawn ; for then the Creature imme¬
diately dies. They are exceeding black, and well
made.
Their Country is full of Woods, Lakes,
and other Waters, which are a great Security to
them ; for they cannot be invaded but through
narrow Defiles, for which Reafon they do not
fear any of the neighbouring Lords. In former
Times, the Kings of Senega often attempted to
reduce thefe two Nations to their Obedience, but
were always worfted by them ; to which their
Arrows and the natural "Strength of the Country
greatly contributed.
Ru n n i N g along this Coaft, with a good Wind
to the South, they difeovered the Mouth of a
River, which is about a Bow-fbot wide, but not
deep. To this they gave the Name of Barba-
Jini , as it is marked in the Chart made^ of^ this
Country, being fixty Miles from Cape de Verde.
They failed along this Coaft by Day, and at Sun-
fet always came to an Anchor in ten or twelve
and Islands of Africa. 5^9
a Fathom Water, about four or five Miles from 1455.
Land: At Sun-rife, they hoifted Sail again, ha- Cada Mofto.
ving a Man continually on the Top, and two at
the Prow, to fee if the Sea broke over any Rocks
or Shoals. Sailing forwards, they came to the
Mouth of another River, which feemed to be as
large as the Senega. At the Sight of fo fine a Come to ano-
River, and very beautiful, with Trees down tof tr%
the very Shore, they caft Anchor, and deter¬
mined to fend one of their Negro Interpreters to
b Land, of which every Ship had brought fome
from Portugal. Thefe had been fold as Slaves by
the Lords of Senega to the firft Portuguese who
touched on their Coaft, were become ChriJUans ,
and underftood the Spanifh very well. They had
them of their Mafters, conditionally on their Re¬
turn to give each, for his Wages, a Slave to be
chofen out of their Stock ; and when any of
thefe Interpreters could furnifh his Mafter with
four Slaves, he was made free.
Having caft Lots to fee which of the three Lari on U
Ships fhould fend an Interpreter afhore, it fell \.oterPre'er •
the Genoefe Gentleman’s Turn. Hereupon, he
difpatched an armed Bark, with Orders to the
Men not to touch the Shore, but when they land¬
ed the Interpreter, who was charged to inform
himfelf concerning the Condition as well as Go¬
vernment of the Country, and if there was any
Gold or other Things to be had worth coming
for. The Interpreter being landed, and the Boat
\ put back to fome Diftance, feveral Negros of the
Country came to meet him. Thefe, as foon as
ever they perceived the Ships approach the Coaft,
lay in Ambufb, with Bows, Arrows, and other
Weapons, in Hopes of taking, fome of the Men,
who they expedted would land.
After a Ihort Difcourfe with the Interpr ft- Who is cruelly
ter, whatever the Subjed was,. they fell furioufly/""*
on him with their Gomies , (which are fhort Moorijh
Swords,) and killed him, thofe in the Boat not
e being able to give him any Relief. When thofe
on board the Ship received this News, it gave
them great Surprife ; and concluding that thefe
People, who could commit fuch a Piece of Bar¬
barity on one of their own Race, would treat them •
with more Cruelty ftill, they immediately weigh¬
ed their Anchors, and proceeded on their Voyage-
to the South, failing in Sight of Land; which'
improved in Beauty and green Trees, in Propor--
i tion as they advanced, all the Coaft being low.
'f At laft, they came to the Mouth of a very large
River, being no lefs-than three or four Miles
wide in the narroweft Part. As they found they
could fafely fail into it, they concluded to reft
there, and the next Day learn if it was the King¬
dom of Gambra.
Being come to this River, which does not c-.me to tie
Gambra. *
la Ramufio, Orate Vecchio J and in Grynaus, Ojij eas l e teres-,
3-
appear •
4<
tc
t;
4 C
Enter the
River .
590 Voyage'S /o the Coasts
1455. appear to be lefs than fix or eight Miles wide at ;
Cnda Moftoi the Entrance, they judged it to belong to the fo
•J much defired Country of Gambra , and that near
it they fhould difeover fome rich Land, where
at once they might make their Fortunes, by
{tumbling on Heaps of Gold, or other precious
Things. Next Day, having but a fmall Breeze,
they fent the fmall Caravel before, well manned,
with Orders, that as their Ship was fmall, and
drew but little Water, fhe fnould proceed as far
ns fhe could. In cafe they met with any Banks 1
in the River’s Mouth, they were to found the
Depth ; and if the River was navigable, then to
turn back, and calling anchor, give Signals of
the fame. Having found four Fathom Water,
they did as they were directed : Whereupon it
was thought proper to fend another armed Boat
along with the Caravels, which was but fmall,
into the River, with thefe Inflru&ions, “ That
in cafe the Negros fhould come to attack
thern in their Veffels, they fhould return to 1
the Ship, without having any Difpute with
them ; becaufe the End of their Coming thi¬
ther, was to cultivate Peace and Commerce
with that Country, which was to be managed
by Policy, not by Force.”
The Boats proceeded up the River, which
they (ounded, and finding no lefs than fixteen
Fathom Water for two Miles, they advanced
farther, and faw the Banks of the River very
beautiful, and full of Trees: But as they per- (
ceived it made feveral Turnings and Windings
into the Country, they did not think proper to
proceed any farther. In their Way back, near
the Mouth of a little River, which ran into the
great one, they faw three Almadia’ s^ called in
Italy, Zoppoli , each made, out of one Piece of
large Wood, like a Skiff. Although they were
Vifiowr fwsflrong enough to defend themfelves, yet forbear
of being attacked with poifoned Arrows, (ufed
by all the Inhabitants of Gambra , as the other (
Negros had informed them) they, in Obedience
to their Orders, took to their Oars, making all
poflible Hafle back to the Ship : When they got
on board, the Almadia’ s, which followed them
clofe, were within Arrow-Shot. There were
about twenty-five or thirty Moors in her, who
flood for (ome Time looking at a Sight quite
new to them ; but would neither come nearer,
nor fpeak, notwithftanding all the Endeavours
that were ufed by Signs to induce them : At lafl f
they returned.
About three, next Morning, the two Cara¬
vels, which flayed behind, failed with the Current
and a fmall Breeze, in order to join their Com¬
panion, and enter into the River j hoping to
meet with more humane People than thofe they
had feen in the Almadia’s. They failed into the
River one after another, the fmall Caravel being
Boats.
Follow td by
others.
and Islands of Africa.
1 foremofl; and by the Time they had gotten four r a re
Miles up it, they perceived themfelves fol lowed c^Tm;
by a Number of Almadia’ s, without knowing'— v*
from whence they came. They tacked about
and bore down upon them, having firft coverecT
their Ships in the bell Manner they could, to
ferve as a Defence againfl their envenomed Ar¬
rows. They made every thing ready to fight,
though ill provided with Arms, and foon met
them.
) The Almadia’s came under the Prow of They cm
Cada Mojlo’s Ship, which was foremofl; and di-“^
viding themfelves into two Divifions, took him
in their Centre. This gave him an Opportunity
to tell their Number, which was fifteen, and as
large as Barks. They ceafed to row, raifed their
Oars, and looked upon the Caravel with Won¬
der. There were between an hundred and thirty,
and an hundred and fifty Negros, all well made,
of a good Size, and very black. They wore white
: Cotton Shirts on their Bodies, and white Caps on
their Heads, like the Germans ; but with a Wing
on each Side, and a Feather in the Middle, by
which they diflinguifhed themfelves to be Sol¬
diers of War. At the Prow of each Almadia ,
there flood a Negro, with a round Target, which
feemed to be of Leather, on- his Arm ; yet they
neither attacked the Caravel, nor file them.
Thus they continued peaceably till they faw^r*^,
the other two Ships bear down on them: Then^/’,<
1 they prepared, dropped their Oars, and without
any farther Ceremony fhot their Arrows at them.
The Ships feeing the Attack made upon them,
difeharged four Pieces of Cannon at the Enemy :
The Report whereof fo flupified them, that they
threw down their Bows ; and looking fometime
one Way, and fometime another, remained fur-
prifed to fee the Stones fhot by the Cannon, fall
in the Water near them. They continued in
this Sufpenfe for a confiderable while : But feeing
: the Cannon fired no more at them, plucked-up
Courage; and laying-hold of their Bows, renewed
the Fight with great Fury, approaching within a
Stone’s Throw of the Ships. Hereupon the Sai¬
lors began to difeharge their Crofs-Bows at them.
The firft Shot was made by the Baftard Son of
the Genoefe Gentleman, which hitting a Negro in
the Breaft, he immediately dropped down dead.
Thofe in the Almadia took-up the Dart, and
gazed at it with Wonder, but did not give over
the Attack, which they carried on vigoroufly,
and were as couragioufly oppofed by the Caravels ;
infomuch, that in a little Time many of them
were killed, without the Lofs of one European.
The Negros obferving the Difadvantage they Jrereyulj
laboured under, all the Almadia’s agreed to at¬
tack the little Caravel in Stern, which was both
ill manned and ill armed. They executed thisDe-
fign with great Fury : Which Cada Mojlo ob¬
it ferving.
Voyages to the Coasts and Islands j/ Africa.
591
fervin^, he moved forward to her Afliftance ; and a Miles up the River, in Hopes of meeting with a 1455.
?trDD’ ... ° 1 1 _ limn thpTr hpt-i-pr Hifnnfpd Ppniilp than thefe wprp • Rut theCada Mod
MaMtfto. getting her between the two large Caravels, they
Ly*— -'all difcharged their Cannon and Crofs-Bows at
the Almadias , which made them retire. After
this, they linked the three Caravels together,
and dropped an Anchor that held them all, as it
was calm.
me to a They next attempted to have fome Talk with
trky. the Negros by Means of their Interpreters, who
often hailed them. At laft, one of the Almadia' s
drawing- near, they afked thofe in her their Rea- b
fon for attacking Strangers, who came to trade
with them in a friendly Manner, as they had
done with the Negros of the Kingdom of Senega :
That they were willing to be upon the fame
Terms with them, if they thought proper ; and
were come from remote Parts with great Prefents
to their King or Lord, in Behall of the King of
Portugal , who was defirous of Peace and Friend-
fhip with him.
They then intreated the Negros to let them
know' what Country they were in, who was King
thereof, and what was the Name of the River ;
adding, that they might freely come and take
what Goods they thought proper out of their
Ships : That they would take in Return fome of
their Commodities, in fuch fmall Quantities as
they pleafed themfelves ; and that in cafe they
gave them none at all, they fhould be very well
contented. To this they made Anfwer, That they
Mufi all
' crmerce ,
better difpofed People than thefe were: But theCada Mofto.
Sailors, who were impatient to return home, not'—-
caring to run any farther Dangers, unanimoufly
and loudly oppofed their Determination ; de¬
claring, that they would confent to no fuch
Thing ; and that they had done enough already
for this Voyage : Whereupon, knowing that Sea¬
men are a headftrong, obftinate People, and to
prevent Scandal, they came into their Meafures,
and next Day failed for Cape de Verde on their
Return to Spain.
During theirStay in this River, they faw the North Star-
North-Star but once, and that very low; for
having examined it in clear Weather, it appeared
to be no more than the Height of a Lance above
the Sea. They likewife obferved, about the fame
Elevation, fix clear, bright, and large Stars; which,
by the Compafs, lay due South in the following
Figure : * This they took for the Southern
c Chariot, * * * * but could not expert to fee the
principal Star, as they had not yet loft Sight of
the North Pole. In this Place, the firft of Juey,
they found the Night to be eleven Hours and an
half long, and the Day twelve and an half. This
Climate is always hot, and the Author was told,
that the Rain which falls within Land is warm,
through the great Heat of the Air. It is true
there is fome Difference in the Heat, which is •
fometimes greater, at other Times leffer. When Winter Sen*
snteu. 1 O tms Uiey inauc nmwci , uwuuvj wiunimw - - , r
fome Intelligence of them before, and of d this laft is the Cafe, they call it Winter : For the
_ P. . ~ 1 t» • 1 _ • • oil ( and
tin* retire .
had - - p
their Dealings with the Negros of Senega ; who,
they faid, muft needs be very wicked Men, for
defiring to have any Friendfhip with them : For
that they were well allured Chrijlians were Man-
eaters, and bought Negros for no other Ufe than
to devour them : That, for the fame Reafon,
they would have no Manner of Correfpendence
with them ; but would endeavour to kill them
all, and then make Prefents of their Effefts to
their Lord, who lived about three Days Journey
diftant : That the Country was called Gambra a,
but the Author could not recoiled! the Name they
gave the River. In this Inftant the Wind began
to rife, and as they had difeovered the evil Inten¬
tions of the Negros, they bore-down upon them ;
but they fled to the Shore, and thus ended their
War with them.
The Commanders of the Caravels then came
to a Refolution to proceed about an hundred
Rains begin in 'July , continue all October, and
fall everylDay about Noon ; when certain Clouds
rife in the North-Eaft by Eaft, or Eaft South-
Eaft Point, accompanied with great Thunder,
Lightning, and a prodigious Quantity of Rain.
In this Seafon the Negros begin to fow their
Grain, in the fame Manner as thofe in Senega
do. Their Provifion is Millet, Pulfe, F lefh, and
Milk. There is not fo much Dawn at Day¬
break here, as in Italy: For within half an Hour
after the Curtains of the Night are drawn,,
the Sun appears; during which Time, the
Skies are fomewhat turbid, as if covered with
Smoke. The Caufe of this fudden Appearance
of the Sun in the Morning, contrary to what-
happens in Europe , Cada M.0JI0 imputed to the
Lownefs of thefe Countries, which are deftitute
of Mountains : And of the. fame Opinion were
all the reft.
» Hence it appears, that Gambra is the Name of the Country, not the River .1 hat the true manly
bra , not Gambia ; and that it is in ufe with the Natives, and not given by the Portuguese, as it is commonly
thought. Jobfon fays, he never heard the Natives call it any other than Gee that is, the River.
C H A P.
592
1 4 5&.
Cada Moflo.
[^Y^J
Voyages to the Coasts and Islands of Africa.
CHAP. III.
fbe fecond Voyage of Aluife da Cada Moflo to the Coaft of Africa, in 1456, in
which the Cape de Verde If and s were difcovered ’
1456
Cada Mol
Written by Himfelf.
SECT. I.
a
Cada Mofto fets out from Lagos. Cape Verde
Jflands difcovered. Buena Vifta. St. Jago.
Abundance of Fijh. If and St. Andrew. Ne¬
gros come aboard : Are kindly ufed. The Country
Jubjeft to Batti Manfa. A Prefent fent to him.
Treaty of Peace and Commerce. Commodities of
the Negros : Their Navigation.
-Stioutfrm f^AD A MOSTO could fay little or nothing
^ concerning the Condition of the Country of b
Gambra , as having been obliged to return to Spain
■without proceeding any farther : Partly through
the Intra&ablenefs of the Natives, who are a fierce,
wild People, efpecially thofe on the Sea-Coaft,
and partly through the Perverfenefs of the Sailors,
who had refufed to follow them. Next Year,
the above-mentioned Genoefe Gentleman and he
jointly fitted out two Caravels, in order to return
to that River. The Infante Don Enriquez, having
heard of their Defign, (which indeed they could c
not have undertaken without his Leave) was
highly pleafed thereat, and determined to fend
a Caravel of his own along with them. Every
thing being got ready for the Voyage, they failed
from Lagos , not far from Cape St. Vincent , in the
Beginning of May , with a profperous Wind.
They fleered for the Canaries , and made them
in a few Days : But as the Wind continued fa*
yourable, they did not touch at them, continu¬
ing their Courfe Southerly ; the Current, which d
ran to the South -Weft, alfo favouring them,
they failed^ at a great Rate. At laft, coming in
Sight of Cape Blanco , they kept out to Sea, and
the Night following were taken in a great Storm
from the South -Weft, which made them fteer
Weft by North for two Nights and three Days,
rather than turn back, in order to weather the
Tempeft. On the third Day, they deferied Land,
to the great Joy as well as Surprife of every one,
to find Land in thofe Parts, w’here they thought e
'Copt Verde there was none. Having immediately ordered
ijhr.Jt difa. two Men to the Main -Top, they difcovered two
large Iflands : This being made public, their Sa¬
tisfaction was ftill the greater; for they were fert-
fible, thefe Iflands were not known in Spain .
As they imagined the Places might be inhabited,
and were eager to pufh their Fortunes, they fleer¬
ed for one of them ; which foon coming-up with,
they failed round Part of it, till they came to
fafe Anchorage. The Weather growing calm,
they fent their Boat Well manned and armed to
Shore. The Men landed, and having gone over
fome Part thereof, brought Word back, that
they could meet with no Signs of Inhabitants.
Next Morning, to clear up all Doubts, Cada
Mofo fent ten Men well armed with Guns,
Crofs-Bows, and other Weapons ; ordering them
to go to the Top of fome Mountains in View,
and thence look-out not only for People, but alfo
for more Iflands. Thefe Men having executed Buena vit!
their Commands, found no Inhabitants, but an
incredible Number of Pigeons, which they catch-
ed with their Hands, fuch Strangers Were the
Birds to Man, and brought great Quantities of
them to the Caravels. What Was of much more
Importance, they difcovered three other large
Iflands : One whereof was to Leeward toward
the North, which thofe in the Ships did not fee ;
the other two lay to the South, and in their
Courfe, all within Sight of one another. Thefe
Men likewife obferved fomething like Iflands to
the Weft, but at fo great a Diftance, that they
could not diftinguifh them clearly ; neither did
Cada Mofo care to fail to them, left he
fhould lofe Time, and meet with nothing buc
defart Iflands, like thofe he touched at. The
News of his having difcovered thefe four Iflands,
brought others this Way afterwards ; who, being
defirous to fee how many Iflands there were in
all, found them to be ten in Number both great
and little, inhabited only by Pigeons and other
Birds ; but a fine Fifhery a.
To return to the Voyage, they failed fromSt. Jago.
this Ifland ; and coming in Sight of the other
two, fearched for an anchoring Place near one
of them, which was full of Trees. Here they
difcovered the Mouth of a River, and bein^ in
* Fr°m this PaiTage it appears, that the Voyage was written fome Years after it was performed • And the
Pa%e feems to > refer to the Difcovery of Antonio Jo Noli in .+62. It is mudh that * Faria, who mentions
Sre before /’ tTY "° Notlce of that PrKclilnS '' by Cada Slop, to whom the Honour properly belongs.
Need
Voyages to the Coasts and Islands of Africa.
Need of Water, they came to an Anchor, and a
da Mofto- landed in order to fupply their Wants. Some of
U/---'the Author’s Men went a little Way up the
River, and met with fome fmall Lakes of beau¬
tiful fine Salt, whereof they brought large
Quantities to the Ship; laying-in what Store they
thought neceftary, as they did likewife of the
Water, which was exceeding good. Tortoifes
they found here in great Numbers; they took a
good many of them, whofe Shells were larger
than a great Target. The Sailors cooked them fc
into different Difhes, as they had done before in
the Gulph of Argin , where alfo thefe Fifh are
plenty, though not fo large. The Author, out
of Cu riofity, eat fome of the Flefli, which Teem¬
ed to be very good, and nothing inferior to Veal,
having a good Smell and Tafte. They falted a
Number of them, which proved good Provifion
on the Voyage.
<hundir.ce of They catched alfo fuch a large Quantity of
fj, Fifh about the Mouth, as well as ,in this River,
as is fcarcely credible ; and though they knew
not the Kind, yet it was large and well tailed.
A Veffel of an hundred and fifty Tons might fail
into the River, which was a good Arrow’s Shot
wide. Here they remained two Days to refrefh,
and took-in the above-mentioned Provifions, be-
lides large Quantities of Pigeons, which they kill¬
ed without Number. To the firft Ifland they' an¬
chored at, they gave the Name of Bona Vijla ,
593
though wide of them: Whereupon, being hailed, 1456.
the Interpreters fpoke to them, and (lie wed themCad-» Mofto.
a few Trinkets, which were offered to be given
them ; telling them, that they might fafely come Negnu come
near, without the leaf! Apprehenfion, for that aboard.
thofe on board were good-natured, civilized Peo¬
ple. TheNegrcs, wrought-upon by this Means,
by Degrees approached the Ships ; and, at laft,
coming up to the Caravel, which belonged to
Cada Mojio , one of them, who underftood his
Interpreter’s Language, entered into it. This
Negro was greatly furprifed at feeing the Infide
of the Caravel, with her Sails and Rigging : For
they had no other Method of going to Sea, but
with Oars; and thought it was the fame with re-
fpe& to all the World befides. He was likewife
no lefs amazed at their Colour, than their Drefs,
fi nee his own Nation for the mod Part go naked ;
and if any of them are cloathed, they only wear
a white Cotton Shirt.
; They {hewed great Civility' to the Negro, A-e kindly
and made him feveral fmall Prefents, with which
he was highly pleafed. Cada Mofto alked him
feveral Queftions relating to the Country ; and
at laft he declared, that they were in the Coun¬
try of Gambra, and that Forcfangoli was their
chief Lord ; W'hofe Refidence (by what could be
learned from him) was between the South and
South -Weft, about nine or ten Days Journey
diftant : That Forofangoli was tributary to the
as being; the firft they had Sight of in thofe Parts; d King of Melli, who is the great Emperor of the
and to* this other, which feemed the largeft of Negros That notwithstanding there were many
jtjni St.
Andrew.
the four, Sant. Jngo ; having caft Anchor there
on St. Philip and Jacob’s Day.
Every thing being in Readinefs for purfuing
their Voy'age, they fet-fail from thefe Iflands, and
fleering their Courfe for Cape de Verde, arrived
at Spedegar ; [and keeping] within Sight of Land,
[came afterwards] to a Place called the Two Palms ,
lying between Cape de Verde , and the River Se¬
nega. They knew the Courfe fo well, that they'
doubled the'Cape next Day ; and palling forward,
came once-more to the River Gambra , into which
they fpeedily entered ; and without any Opposi¬
tion from the Negros, or their Almadia’ s , failed
up the River, always by Day, with the Lead in
Hand. Such of the Almadia’ s of the Negros as
they met with kept at a Diftance, and rowed
clofe to the Banks of the River, not prefuming
to venture near us.
About ten Miles within the River, thay caft
Anchor on a Sunday Morning at an Ifland in Shape
of a Smoothing Iron a, where one of the Sailors,
who had died of a Fever, was buried ; and as his
Name was Andrew , being well beloved, they
gave the Ifland the Name of St. Andrew , which
it goes by.
Leaving this Ifland, they proceeded up the
f
inferior Lords who dwelt near the River, on both
Sides thereof ; and that if the Adventurers pleafed,
he would conduct them to one of thofe Lords*
whofe Name was Battimanfa : And that he would Battimanfa,
even negotiate with him, to enter into a Treaty ljCrc1,
of Peace and Friendfhip with them, becaufe he
took them for good honeft People. This his Of¬
fer pleafed them much. They carried him along
with them in the Caravel, and ufed him refpeft-
fully ; and failing up the Stream, came to the
Place where Batthnanja kept his Refidence;
which, in the Author’s Opinion, was above forty
Miles from the River’s Mouth.
It muft be obferved, that they fleered Eafterly Prtfentfcnt
in going up the River; into which feveral leffer'0*""*
Streams fall. They found it was much narrower
where they came to anchor, than at the Mouth ;
being, as they reckoned, not above a Mile in
Breadth. When they came to this Place, they
fent one of their Interpreters and the Negro to
Batthnanja , with aPrefent of a Silk Moorijh Gar¬
ment, called Alzimba , made like a Shirt, and
beautiful enough. They likewife gave this Lord
Notice of the Defign of their Coming ; fignify-
ing, that the King of Portugal , a Chriftian , had
difpatched them thither to enter into Peace and
Friendfhip with him, and let him know, that if
River, and fome of the Negro Almadia’ s followed,
» In Ratnufio, Poleftne. This feems to be St. James's Ifland ; although the Pittance is not exatt.
Vol. I. N° 29, 4
he
594
1450.
Cada Mofto.
T'noty rf
fmce ami
Cemmerct.
'Cctnmniit'es
*j the Negros,
‘Their Navi'
gallon.
Voyages to the Coasts
he had any Call for the Commodities of their a
Country, their King would fupply him every
Year therewith.
As loon as the Meffengers had declared their
Commiflion, Battimanfa immediately ordered cer¬
tain Negros to the Caravel ; with whom they not
only entered into a Treaty of Friendfliip, bat
allb bartered feveral Things for Ne^ro-Slaves,
and fome Gold : Though nothing in Comparifon
of what they expeefed from the Account given
by thofe of Senega ; who, as they are very poor, b
look upon that as a large Quantity, which our
Adventurers confidered but very trifling. They
value their Gold as a very precious Thing, and
at a greater Rate than the Poriugueze did ; yet,
for all that, the latter had it very reafonably,
fince they gave them for it Things of very little
Value. They continued here eleven Days ; du¬
ring: which Time the Caravels were reforted to
by Numbers of Negros, from each Side of the
River, who came to fee Novelties, and fell their c
Goods; among which were a few Gold Rings.
They traded with Cotton, and Cotton-Yarn.
Some Pieces were all white ; others, Hriped with
blue and white; and a third Sort, with red, blue
and white Stripes, very well wrought. They
like wife brought Civet, and Civet Cat-Skins,
Monkies, large and fmall Baboons, of various
Sorts: Which, being very plenty, they fold them
cheap, that is, for fomething not exceeding ten
Marquets a Head ; and the Ounce of Civet, for d
what was not worth more than forty or fifty :
Not that they fold the Things by Weight ; but
the Author judged it to be about that Quantity.
Other Negros brought divers Sorts of Fruits ;
among which were many fmall wild Dates, not
very good, though efteemed by them. The Sai¬
lors eat of this Fruit, and found it had a different
Tafle from thofe in Europe. The Author would
never venture to touch any, left they fhould give
him the Flux, or fome other Diforder. e
The Ships were crowded every Day with
People of different Afpe&s and Languages; while
the Negros never ceafed to go up and down the
River in their Almadia’s, with Men and Women,
from one Place to another. They ufe nothing
but Oars in Sailing; and row, Handing, on both
■Sides. There is one always who rows a-Stern,
Sometimes on one Side, and fometimes on the
other, to keep the Almadia Heady in her Courfe.
They fix their Oars to nothing ; but hold them f
fafi in their Hands: This Oar is a Pole, like a
half Lance, feven Feet and a half long, to the
Tnd whereof they faflen a round Trenchard ; and
with thefe Inflruments they row very fwiftly
alon<r the Coafi. They 2:0 into the Mouths of
D a tZ/
Rivers, of which they have a great many, and
and Islands of Africa,'
row very fafe. They do not go far into the Sea, 14-5
nor from their own Coaff, lefl they fhould beCa^Moftc
taken by their Neighbours, and fold for Slaves. '
The eleventh, at Night, they agreed to return to
the Mouth of the River, (becaufe many of their
Company began to ficken, being feized with
acute Fevers) and fo departed.
SECT. II.
The Religion of the Negros. Great Heat. Huge
'Trees. The Elephant : JVay of hunting it : The
Flejh eaten: The Foot defer ibecl. The River-
Horje. They leave the Gambra. River of Kafa.
Manfa. Cape Roxo difeovered. Rivers, St..
Ann and Domingo. Rio Grande. Inhabited >
Jfands. Irregular Tides. Violent Current.
IT remains to relate what the Author obferved, 7 heir
and was informed, concerning this Country,^"1*
during the fhort Stay they made there. As to
their Religon, it confiHs of various Kinds of
Idolatry. They put great Faith in Sorcery, aijd
other diabolical Things ; yet all believe in God..
Tljtere are Mohammedans among them, who
trade to many Countries, and are not fettled in
Houfes, becaufe the Country People are igno¬
rant a. They live much after the fame Manner
as the Negros of the Kingdom of Senega , have
the fame Provisions, and Rice ©f more Sorts than
what grows in that Country.
The Negros of Gambra eat Dogs Flefh ; Diet,
which the Author never heard to have been eaten
in any other Place. Their Cloathing is Cotton,
whereof they have abundance ; which may be the
Reafon for their not going naked, as thofe of Senega
do, where Cotton is fcarce. The Women drefs in
the fame Manner ; and, when they are very young,
take Pleafure in making of Figures on their
Necks, Breads, and Arms, with the Point of a
hot Needle ; which feem like Flowers on Silk
wrought on Handkerchiefs, and never wear off.
This is a very hot Country; and the Heat in -Great that,
creafes in Proportion as the South is approached.
It was, by much, hotter in this River than at
Sea ; occafioned by the great Number of large
Trees that grow about-it, with which this Coun- Large Tnv,
try abounds. At a Spring, near the Banks of
this River, where the Sailors went to fill Water,
there was an exceeding large Tree; but the
Height was not in Proportion to its Thicknefs :
For they judged it to be but twenty Paces high,
whereas it was feventeen Cubits round at the
Foot. It was full of Holes, and hollow; but the
Branches were very large* and fpreading, which
made a great Shade. There are other Trees
much larger than this, by which the Richnefs of
3 The Words, in Rawfo, are, itf non St anno ferrni. a cafe P ere be li paefani non ne Sanno cofa Alcana .
the
Voyages to the Coasts
5456. the Soil is eafily conceived ; the Country being a
Ma Motto, watered by feveral Streams.
This Country is full of Elephants; but the
| eEkpbant. fnhabitants know not how to tame them, as in
other Countries. As they lay at Anchor in the
Middle of the River, three Elephants came out
of the Woods, and walked by the River’s Side;
they fent out their Boat, and fome Hands, to go
to them, being at fome Diftance ; but on their
Approach, they returned into the Woods. Thefe
were all the Author faw alive. Afterwards, t
Guumimenfa a, a Negro Gentleman, out of Com-
plaifance, {hewed him a young one, dead ; which
this Negro (who lived near the River’s Mouth)
had killed, after two Days Chace.
rayof This People hunt a- foot in the Woods, with
mtwg. Rows and Azzagays only, which are envenomed.
Their Method is to place themfelves behind the
Trees, and fometimes mount to the Tops, leap¬
ing from one to another, in the Purfuit of the
Elephant ; which, being a large Animal, is <
wounded in many Places before it can turn about,
without having Power to make any Refiftance :
Though, in an open Field, no Man durft attack
one; or could efcape, were he ever fo fwift.
But he will never hurt any Perfon, unlefs pro¬
voked to it : This, Cada Mojio had been told by .
many Negros. The Teeth of this dead Elephant
(one whereof was ftill in the Jaw) were not above
three Spans long: Which {hews it was young in
Comparifon of thofe whofe Teeth are irom ten ,
to twelve Spans in Length ; and fmall as it was,
we reckoned it
or fix Oxen.
The Gentleman made the Author a Prefent
of what Part he liked bed ; and gave the Re¬
mainder to the Huntlmen, to feaft on. When
Cada Mojio underttood that this Flelh was eaten
by the Negros, he had a Piece cut off for roafting
and boiling. Of this he eat, that he might fay
he had fed on the Flelh of an Animal, which
none of his Country had ever done ; however,
he could not relifh it, for he found it both hard,
and of no pleafant Tafte. He brought one of
the Legs, kand Part of the Trunk, to the Cara¬
vel ; together with fome of its Hair, taken oft
the Body, which was very black and thick, as
well as a Span and half long. This Hair, with
Part of the Flefh, falted on Purpofe, he, at his
Return, prefented to Don Enriquez , who received
it with great Pleafure, as it was the firft that
came from this Country, difeovered by his own
Encouragement.
It muft be obferved, that the Elephant’s Foot
is round, like that of a Horfe, but without
in
might have as much Flefh as five
]?< Tljh
rw.
1 1 Foot dt-
Ued.
and Islands of Afr 1 e a. 595
Hoofs ; which are fupplied by a hard, black, and 1456.
very thick Skin, befet with five Nails on the Fore- Caoa Motto,
part, which are round, and of the Size of aO'VNJ
Groftone b. The Foot of this Elephant, though
young, was not fo fmall, but that the Sole (which
was round) meafured a Span and an half every
Way. The fame Negro Gentleman gave Cada
Mojio another Elephant’s Foot, three Spans and
an Inch in the Sole : Which, together with a
Tooth twelve Spans long, he likewife prefented
to the Infante ; who, fome Time after, fent it to
the Dutchefs of Burgundy , as a great Curiofity.
In the Gambra , as well as all other Rivers on 77,,.
this Coaft, befides the Calcatrici, and other Ani- Htrft,
mals, there is one, called the River-Horfe , of
the fame Nature almoft with the Sea-Cow, which
lives both on Land and in the Water. It is as
large as a Cow in the Body, and has but fhort
Legs, with cloven Feet ; a large Head, like that
of an Horfe; and two huge Teeth, like the wild
Boar’s Tufks, fome of which the Author had feen
upwards of two Spans in Length. This Animal,
getting out of the River, walks along the Side,
like other four-footed Beafts : And was never before
difeovered in any of the Voyages of Chrijlians ,
that Cada Mojio could learn, except, perhaps,
in the Nile. He alfo faw Bats, or rather Owls%
upwards of three Spans long, and feveral other
Birds, very different from thofe in our Parts,
both in Tafte and Shape ; but very good to eat.
1 Departing from the Lord Battimanfa'$d Leave tfo
Country, they in a few Days got out of the River, Ganbra*
ftocked with Commodities fufficient to encourage
them to proceed farther : And fince they had pro¬
ceeded fo far, they looked upon it as a laudable
Thing, to continue their Courfe along that Coaft.
Having agreed to this, they fleered forward, with
a favourable Wind : But, as they were too near
the Mouth of the River Gambra , and the Land
ran a great Way to the South South -Weft, as far
; as a certain Point which they took for a Cape,
they kept to the Weft to gain the Sea, though
the Coaft was very low, and full of Trees :
Which having done, they perceived that it was
not a Cape ; the Shore appearing ftrait on the
other Side of the Point : However, they kept at
a Diftance from it, bccaufe there were Breakers
round it, for feveral Miles, into the Sea. T his
obliged them to keep two Men continually in the
Prow, and one at Top, to difeover Shoals and
f Sand-Banks ; failing only by Day, and lying at
Anchor by Night.
The Caravels, during this Time, went one of
after the other, calling Lots every Day, to fee Kaiamanla,
which Ihould go foremoft, in order to avoid Dif-
a Grynxus' s Copy reads, Gnumi Marfa. Me fa, or Marfa, according to Jobfov, fignifies a King, in the
Manditigo Language. b A Venetian Piece of Silver Coin, not exceeding a Silver Penny. c Gij-
narttf has it, Bats and Owls.
d Grynaus calls him Batrinenfe , and before Batistan few
4G2
putes.
596
Voyages to the Coasts and Islands of Africa!
1456. putes. Having failed two Days in this Manner, a took to their Arms, not knowing what their De- 1456.
Cada Motto
.within Sight of Land, on the third, they difcovered
'the Mouth of a River, about half a Mile wide ; and
towards the Evening law a little Gulph, which they
took for the Entrance of another River. But as
it grew late, they came to Anchor ; and next
Morning failed into the Gulph, and found the
Mouth of a large River ; not much lefs, in the
Author’s Opinion, than that of Gambra ; both
Sides whereof were full of very tall and beautiful
Cape Rc to
difctncred.
River St.
Ann.
fign might be, and waited their coming. As Cada Motto
they drew nearer, they hoifted out a white Hand- k/’Y'N.
kerchief, fixed to the End of an Oar, which
they held up as high as they could, for a Signal
of Peace. The Portuguese anfwered in the fame
Manner : And then the Negros came along Side
of them. The largeft of the two advanced to-
• wards Cada Mojio’s Caravel, and gazed with
great Surprife, as they found the Men to be
green Trees. Here, carting Anchor, they agreed b Whites; they examined the Form of the Ship,
to arm two of their Boats; and to fend their the Marts, Yards, Sails, Rigging; having never
Interpreters afhore, to get Intelligence, as ufual, feen any before. The Interpreters fpoke to them,
relating to the Country. This Refolution having in order to know what Place it was; but could
been executed, the Interpreters returned with an not underftand a Word of their Language; which
Account, that the River was called the River of proved a great Mortification, as they were obliged
Kafamanfa ; that is, the River of a Negro Lord, to leave them without getting any Intelligence,
fo named, who refided about thirty Miles up the They bought a few Gold Rings of one of thefe
fame; but was not then at his Dwelling-Place, Negros; having agreed about the Price by Signs,
having taken the Field againft another Lord. Finding themfelves in a Country where Irregular
Upon this Intelligence they failed, next Day, c their Interpreters were of no Ufe, and, conclud-7^-'1'
from this River, which rtands twenty-five Leagues, ing, for the fame Reafon, that it would be to no
Purpofe to proceed farther, they determined to
return. They flayed in the Mouth of this great
River, or Rio Grande a, two Days, where the
North Pole appeared very low. In this Place
they met with a great Contrariety in the Tides,
which they had not obferved any where elfe:
For, whereas, at Venice, and all other Places in
Europe , the Flux and Reflux are equally of fix
— — - — / j *
or an hundred Miles, diftant from Gambra , and
came to a Cape, about twenty-five Miles farther.
This Cape is a little higher than the reft of the
Coaft ; the Front whereof appeared to be red ; and
for that Reafon they called it Cape Roxo. Proceed¬
ing forward, they arrived at the Mouth of a pretty
large River, about a Crofs-Bow Shot wide ; and,
without entering it, gave it the Name of St. Ann’s:
St.Domingo
Rio Grande
Farther on, they came to the Mouth of another d Hours Continuance each; here it flows in four.
River, not lefs than the former, which they cal¬
led St. Dominic’s ; diftant, by Eftimation, from
Cape Roxo, between fifty-five and fixty Miles.
In another Day’s Sailing, they got to a very
Lrge River, which, at firft, appeared to be a
Gulph, and was judged to be about twenty Miles
over ; however, they could difcern the beautiful
green Trees on the other Side, towards the South :
and ebbs in eight. It is incredible with what
Violence the Tide runs- in : For they had a deal of
Difficulty to bear up againft: it, with three An¬
chors a-head, and fometim.es they were obliged Violent Ct^
to hoift their Sails; the Current being fo impetu-™"*
ous, that it exceeded the Force of the Wind.
Departing from the Mouth of this large
River, on their Return to Spain, they dire&ed
Inhabited
IJtandt.
The croffing of which, took up a good deal of their Courfe towards two large Iflands, and fome
Time. When they arrived thither, they deferied e fmall ones, that lay about thirty Miles diftant
fome Iflands in the Sea; and, being refolved to
get fome Intelligence of this Country, they came
to an Anchor without Delay. Next Morning,
two large Ahnadia’s came off, and rowed toward
the Ships; one was as long as a Caravel, with
about thirty Hands in her ; and the other, fixteen.
Seeing them approach with great Eagernefs, they
from the Continent. The two large Iflands are
inhabited by Negros ; the Country low, but full
of beautiful large green Trees. Here they met
with the fame Difficulty as before, for want of
their Language ; fo that they fleered, away for.
Chrijlendom, where they fafely arrived.
2 According to de Faria , Rio Grande was discovered by Nunnez Trijian, in 1447, , tLat is,, nine Years-.before;
See p. t$.
€ K A- P0.
1462.
De Cintra.
Voyages to the Coasts and I s l a n d s of A f r i c a« 597
1462.
D« Cintra.
CHAP. IV. ' — « — 1
‘The Voyage of Captain Piedro de Cintra *, a Portugueze, to Sierra Leona.
Written by Aluife da Cada Mofto.
SECT. I, a
Dc Cintra fets out from Lagos. Rio Grande.
River Befegue. Cape Verga. Cape Sagres : _ The
Inhabitants : Their Ornaments . Rio San Vin¬
cente. Rio Verde. Cape Liedo, or Tagrin.
Sierra Leona difeovered. River and Cape Roxo.
River St. Mary. Scanni IJle. St. Ann’r Cape.
River of Palms. Rio de Fumi. Cape del
Monte ; and Mifurado, or Menfurado. St.
Mary’r Grove'. Carry off a Negro here , and t e- j.
turn.
Set, out from rry UP. two Voyages of Cada Mofo , to the
Lagos. J Coalt of Africa , were followed by others,
performed by the Portuguese. Among the Ships
that went, there were, in particular, two armed
Caravels, fent by the King of Portugal , after the
Death of the Infante Don Enriquez , under the
Command of Captain Piedro de Cintra , one ot
his Gentlemen ; with Orders to proceed farther
on that Coaft of the Negros, and make new Dif- i
coveries b. A young Portuguese, who v/ent along
with him, and had been Cada Mofo $ Clerk
in the former Voyages, at the Return of the
Caravels to Lagos, came to the Author’s Houfe
there, and gave him the following Account of
the Difcoveries they had made, and the Names
they had given the Places they touched at ; be¬
ginning from the Rio Grande , mentioned towards
the End of the former Voyage.
Xio Grande. First, They went to thofe two large and in¬
habited Iflands near the Mouth of the faid River ;
where, having landed, they ordered their Negros
to fpeak to them, but they could not be under-
ftood by the People : Then they went up into the
Land to fee their Habitations, which were poor
thatched Houfcs; in fome whereof they found
wooden Idols, which the Negros worfhinped. Not
being able to get any Information from thefe Peo¬
ple, they failed along the Coaft, and came to the
Mouth of a large River, which was between
three and four Miles wide, and reckoned, that it
was about forty Miles diftant from the R>o
*,WBe- Grande. This River, he faid, was called Befegue,
i«ghc. from a Lord of that Name, who dwells near the
Mouth of it; And proceeding farther, they came
up with a Cape, to which they gave the Name
of Cape Verga. All the Coaft, from Befegue Ri- Capt Verga,-
ver to this Cape, which is about an hundred and
forty Miles in Length, is very hilly, and full of
high Trees ; which look beautiful at a great Dif-
t 2l n c c •
Sailing along the Coaft from Cape Verga ,
about eighty Miles, they met with another Cape,
which, in the Opinion of all the Seamen, was
the higheft they ever had feen ; forming a (harp
Pointln the Middle of the Height thereof, like a
Diamond. The whole Cape is covered with
beautiful green Trees. They gave it the Name of
Sagres, which they took from a Fortrefs builtc*/* Sagres.-
by the deceafed Prince, Don Enriquez, on Cape Inhabitant*
St. Vincent ; and for this Reafon it is called, by
the Portugueze , Cape Sagres of Guinea.
The Sailors fay, that the Inhabitants are Ido¬
laters, according to the Accounts they had of
them; and that they worfhip wooden Images,,
made in the Shape of Men, to whom they offer
Victuals as often as they eat or drink. They are
rather of a tawny Colour than black, with Marks
on their Faces and Bodies, made with a hot Iron.
They go naked ; and for Breeches, wear the
Barks of Trees, with which they cover their
private Parts. They have no Arms, becaufe
there is no Iron in their Country. They live on
Rice, Millet, Beans, and Kidney-Beans, larger
than ours ; have alfo Beef and Goats Flefh, but
not in any great Quantity. There are two little
Iflands near this Cape full of fine gre&n -Trees,,
but not inhabited, being very fmall.
The Inhabitants of this River c have alfo-
large Almadias, which carry from thirty to forty
Men, who row {landing, without having their
Oars fixed to any Thing; as already obferved.
They have their Ears pierced with Holes all Qhamntry
round, in which they wear various Sorts of Gold
Rings. The Nofe is likewife pierced, both in
Men and Women ; who wear a Gold Ring in it,
as our Buffaloes do of other Metal, and take it
out when at Vidluals. The Ladies belonging to *
the Kings, great Men, and Perfons of Account,
wear Gold Rings in the Labia of their Privy Parts,
which are pierced, like their Ears, for that Pur-
» In Ramnfio, Piedro de Sintra. b De Faria y Scufa feems to put this Voyage m the Year before- the Death -
_r rhe Prince See before t>. 1 6. b. c There feems to be fome Omiffion here, as there is no Mention
before of any River; which mull be that, called Pcugue, in our iecond Chart, at-whofe- Mouth. the- Cape is^ .
S98
V o y A g e s to the Coasts and Islands
Cape Liedo,
sr Tagriti.
1462. pofc : This they reckoned a Mark of Diftin&ion
DeCintra. and Grandeur, putting them in, and taking them
- - v“— ■'out at their Pleafure.
Rio San Having paffed Cape Sagres, and ran along
Vinseote. the Coaft about forty Miles farther, they came
to the Mouth of Rio de San Vincente , which is
about four Miles wide ; and about five Miles
thence, on the fame Coaft, there is another Ri-
&io Verde, ver, called Rio Verde , larger in the Entrance than
•the former. Both thefe Rivers were fo named by
the King’s Sailors belonging to the two Caravels.
The Country and Coaft is very mountainous, but
there is fafe Sailing, and good Mooring. About
twenty- four Miles beyond the River Verde , they
met with another Cape, which they called Liedo\
that is, Brifk , or Cheerful , becaufe the beautiful
green Country. about it "feemed to fmile.
From Cape Liedo there runs a large Moun¬
tain for about fifty Miles along the Coaft, which
is very high, and covered with lofty green Trees ;
at the End whereof, about eight Miles in the Sea,
there are three Iflands, the largeft not above ten
or twelve Miles in Circumference. To thefe they
gave the Name of Saluezze ; and to the Moun-
SieriaLeona. tain, Sierra Leona , on Account of the Roaring
of Thunder heard from the Top, which is al¬
ways buried in Clouds.
Sailing-on beyond Sierra Leona , there
follows a low Country and Shore full of Sand-
Banks, which run into the Sea ; and about thirty
Miles from the Mountain, there is another large
River, near three Miles wide at the Entrance :
•J fiver and To this they gave the Name of River Roxo , be-
£ape Roxo. caufe (-fog Water looked red ; and farther on,
there lies a Cape, which, appearing red, they
called it Cape Roxo : As from this Cape, they
gave the Name of Roxa to a fmall uninhabited
Ifland about eight Miles diftant. From this Eland
(which is but ten Miles from the River alfo) the
North Pole appeared the Height of a Man above
the Sea.
Having pafled Cape Roxo , the Sea forms a
Gulph, about the Middle of which there enters a
River, by thefe Seamen called the River of St.
Mary of the Nieves , (or the Snow ) as being difco-
vered on that Saint’s Day. On the other Side of the
River there is a Point, and an Ifland lying by it.
This Gulph is full of Sand-Banks that run ten or
twelve Miles along the Coaft ; where the Sea
breaks, and has a ftrong Current both in Ebbing
and Flowing. They called the little Ifland, the
Ifland of Scanni , from thofe Sea-Banks. Twenty-
jfour Miles diftant from this Ifland, there is a large
Cape, to which they gave the Name of St. Ann\
having been difcovered on her Day : And the
whole Coaft between is a fhallow Shore.
About feventy Miles beyond St. Anns Cape,
there is another River, to which they gave the
Rivtr St.
Mary.
Sranni IJle,
Sc. Ann ’1
£< on.
of Africa.
Name of the River of Palms , from the Plenty 1462
of thofe Trees there. The Mouth, though wide DeCintra
enough, is full of Sand-Banks and Shoals, which' -
make the Entrance very dangerous. About feventy Rivtr °f
Miles farther on, there is another fmall River", Palms'
which they called Rio de Fumi : Becaufe at theRjodeFum
Time of their Difcovering it, they faw nothing
but Smoke along this Coaft, made by the Inhabi¬
tants; and about twenty-four Miles beyond, there
is a Cape which runs a great Way into the Sea,
b over which {lands a high Mountain, whence they
named it Capo del Monte. About fixty Miles
farther-on, there is another Cape, but fmall, Monte»
with a little Mountain thereon, to wlfich they
gave the Name of Capo Cortefe , or Mifurado. And Miiii-
I he firft Night after their Arrival here, they fawPHo,.<v'
many hires among the Trees, made by the Ne- Icnlun<!0,
gros, who had Sight of the Ships, and never had
feen fuch Things before.
Beyond this Cape, about fixteen Miles clofe
c to the Shore, there is a large Wood full of green
Trees, to which they gave the Name of St. St. Mary1!
Marys TVood , or Grove. Behind this the Cara-Cr0Te-
vejs came to an Anchor ; and fome Almadia’s ,
with two or three Negros all naked, advanced
with Iharp-pointed Poles in their Hands, which,
to the Europeans , feemed Darts : .Others had fmall
Knives, and but two Targets made of Skin, and
three Bow's among them all. Their Ears were
all pierced, and theNofe likewife, in which they
d hung fomething like Mens Teeth. The Inter¬
preters fpoke to them, but could not underftand
a Word of their Language. Three of thefe Ne - C trry tff a
gros having ventured on board a Caravel, the^'1’’
Portugueze kept one, and let the other two go :
For the King of Portugal had ordered them,
in cafe the Interpreters could not underftand the
Inhabitants of the laft Country they fhould dif-
cover, that they fhould, by fair Means or Force,
bring away one of the Natives : In Hopes either
e that fome of the many Negros, who were in
Portugal , would underftand his Language ; or
that, by learning the Portugueze Tongue, he
might be able to give an Account of his Coun-
try.
After this, the Caravels having determined AnJReiur*.
to proceed no farther, they returned to Portugal :
Where the Negro being prefented to the King,
he was examined by divers of his Colour; and,
at laft, by a black Female, who belonged to a
f Citizen of Lisbon. This Woman underftood him,
though not by his proper Speech ; but by another,
which they both underftood. Whatever Intelli¬
gence the King received from him, was kept a
Secret ; excepting that, among other Things, he
had declared there were Unicorns in his Country.
The King kept this Negro for fome Months, and
having caufed feveral Curiofities of his Kingdom
to
Voyages to the Cape de Verde Islands.
to be fhewn him, gave him Cloaths, and with a Mojlo , no other Ship had failed before my Dcpar-
Roberts. great Civility fent him by a Caravel back to his ture from Spain % which was on the firft of Fe-
|^-—'own Country ; and to this laft Place, fays Cada bruary , 1463.
172
I.
5 99
1721.
Roberts.
CHAP. V.
Account of a Voyage to the IJlands oj the Canaries, Cape de \ erde, and Barbadoes3.
in 1721.
By Captain George Roberts.
Written by Uimfelf
INTRODUCTION.
THIS Voyage was printed at London in 1726, 1
in Odtavo, and contains twenty - nine
Sheets, including the Dedication 6 of four Pages :
Wherein the Author declares, that his Relation is
ftridtly true in every Particular, except what he
delivers from the Reports of others ; which,
though he had no Reafon to doubt, yet he men¬
tions with more Caution. He hopes, whatever
Pleafure the World might take in the Recital of
his Misfortunes and Adventures, that at leaf! his
Defcription of the Cape de Verde Iflands, their ,
Produ£l, Manufadlures, &c. might be of Ufe to
the Englijh trading thither. He apologizes for the
Work not being thoroughly digefted ; and fays,
had he thought of publilhing his Adventures, he
fhould have been more curious and exadt : In
fhort, that the Publication of what he hath
written, was intirely owing to the Importunity
of Friends in a Fit of Sicknefs.
The firft three hundred and eighty-fix Pages
of the Book are taken-up chiefly with the Au¬
thor’s Adventurers in his Voyage. The remaining
fixty-eight comprife his Defcription of the Cape
de Verde Iflands ; which is the only good Account
of them ( that we know of ) extant in any Lan¬
guage. It is accompanied with a Map or Chart
of the Iflands, made by himfelf, and four Cuts :
r. A ProfpedI of Salt-Point Bay on St. 'John's
iiland, wThere he ran his Sloop afhore. 2. The
Dragon-Tree. 3. A Man and Woman of St.
John's , as they commonly go, naked. 4. The
fame in their beft Habits. Mr. Roberts met with
a Series of Diftrefles and crofs Accidents, all
Confequences of his firft Misfortune in falling in¬
to the Hands of Pirates ; which ten Days Ad¬
venture, for he was fo long among them, we
have dwelt the longer upon, as it will give the
Reader confiderable Infight into the Humours,,
Manners, and Way of Living of that Sort of
People,
SECT. I.
Defign of the Voyage. Lord Bel haven cajl away.
Come to Bona Villa. Make Salt. Proper Can *-
tions. Ife of Mayo. Arrive at Barbadoes. Parts
from Scot. Ife of Sal. Green Turtle. St. Ni¬
cholas Ife. Paraghili Road. Curifal Road. De -
fcries three Ships : Prove to be Pirates. Roberts-
taken by them. Ruflel’r rough Language and
Treatment. Demand a Lif of Goods : His Arms
and Money. A Sloop and Scot taken. Loe their
Commodore. Ruflel feizes fome ajhore. Robert’r
Interviezv with the Commodore. Loe’r quaint
Apology : Receives Roberts civilly : Promifes to
be kind.
O’EPTEMBER the fourteenth, 172 r, Cap- tie
^ tain Roberts contradled with fome Merchants °)age'
of London to go to Virginia ; and there, after
taking Pofleflion of a Sloop called the Dolphin ,
buy a Cargo to flave-with on the Coaft of Gui¬
nea ; from whence to proceed to Virginia or Bar¬
badoes, as he judged moft for the Owners Ad¬
vantage.
Captain SCOT, one of the Owners, being
, bound for Virginia , in the King Sagamore , a Ship
of twenty-two Guns, Roberts went aboard him
for fo much of the Voyage, and accordingly they
fet fail from London : But being driven into Ply¬
mouth by contrary Winds, they happened to be
there when' nay Lord Belbaven , who was going
a This feems to have been in order to return to Venice. b Jt is micribed to H illiam Kellct of Gorlcf-
ioo.cn in the County of Suffolk, Gent, and dated from Shad Thames, July \i, i~zb.
• 2 • Governor
600 'Voyages to the Cape
1721. Governor to Barbados in the Royal Arm-Galley £
Roberts. Man of War, was put into that Port. The
■i— — v'"—* Wind fhortly after prefenting fair (though not
likely to ftand, the Weather looking very un¬
fettled) the Royal Ann failed : But had not been
long out, before fhe met with hard and contrary
Gales of Wind ; and (as was fuppofed through the
Rafhnefs of the Lieutenant) was caft away upon
Zord Betha- the Stagg Rocks off the Lizard , wherein my
ven caft a - Lord and mod of the Crew perilhed. Captain
Scot with the Author ftaid there near a Month
Wind-bound, and then failed, meeting with no¬
thing in their Way worth remarking ; except at
Teneriffe, (which we have already taken Notice
of in the Account of thatlfland) till they arrived
at Sal.
This being one of the Windwardmoft of the
Cape de Verdes , the Author always endeavoured
to make it firft, when bound to touch at any of
them. Here not meeting with any of the Inha¬
bitants, they made-fail about eight at Night, and
iGome to Boca next Day, about ten, arrived at Bona Vijla ;
•Vifta. where it had been refolved upon to take-in a
Cargo of Salt : They anchored in the Englijh
.Road under the little Ifland, within the fun ken
Rock.
Next Day they went alhore to agree with
the Inhabitants for their Afliftance to bring Salt
ffrom the Salt-Pans down to the Water-Side ; as
alfo to fettle the Prizes of Goods, and of the
Ifland- Horfes and Afles which they were to take-
in after the Salt. This done, they fet all Hands
Jiiake Salt, to work a-making Salt. The Cuftom is for the
Ship’s Crew to make it, and wheel it out a little
Way from the Ponds to a dry Place, and there
Leap it up in large Heaps to drain and dry. From
thence the Natives bring it down upon Afles, a
Negro Driver being allowed to every fifteen. But
you muft take Care to hire no more Afles than
your Company and Boats can keep-even-within
Shipping it off : For if it be brought down to the
Landing-Place any fafter, no Care can keep it
from the Sand ; which, being light, will be
blown into it every Day by the Breeze, and
utterly fpoil it all. In which Cafe, he fays, you
had better leave it behind, for he is perfuaded, it
does more Harm to the Sale of the Cargo, than
the Whole is worth.
Prefer Cau- The Author fuggefts another Caution with
(itmi. regard to the live-Cargo brought here: That
while you are making Salt, Care be taken to get
the Blacks to bring fome Hay down every Day,
if you are not fufficiently provided before your
Arrival : For Want of obferving this, Captain
Scot, who took the Negro’s Words for the Supply
in Time, had his Cattle fo much damaged, that
it fpoiled their Sale at Barbadaes. You muft like-
wife bring with you Water enough to ferve while
the Salt is making, and Ihipping-off ; otherwife,
de Verde Islands.
1 as there is none but what lies a great Way up in 1722.
Country, you pay very dear for the Carriage on Robert!.
Afles: And if you buy Cattle, it is almoft im- -y—
poflible, as well as a great deal too chargeable, to
provide for them this Way.
Hence they failed to the Ifle of May, where //fra/Mayo,
they met with five Sail loading with Salt for the
Eaft Country up the Baltic, among whom they
got fome Water, and alfo Tobacco, the Want
of which had almoft brought a Weft-Country
b Famine upon them, as the Sailors term it. Hence
they made for St. Jago , and coming the Length
of Port Villa de Pray a with all their Sails out, they
could not luff into the Bay, but were driven by
the Sea to Leeward of the Road ; into which they
did not get under three Days, and by this Means
loft feveral of their Afles. This fhews the Ne-
ceflity of fhortening Sail before you open the Eay ;
there blowing a frefh Gale generally off the high
Land, and hard Flaws of Wind in the Bay.
c After they had watered, wooded, and gotten as
much Hay, green Cocoa-Nuts, &c. for the Cattle
as they could, they weighed ; and fteering for
Barbadaes , in the Middle of the Paffage they met
with a dead Whale, having a prodigious Number
of Fowls about it, though not lefs than three
hundred Leagues from any Land. Being arrived Arrive at
at Barbadaes the latter Part of March , 1722, Batbadoe*.
their Horfes and Afles were in fuch bad Plight,
they could fell but very few of the latter only ;
and had not a Country Gentleman given the
Feeding gratis , the cheaper Way would have been
to have knocked them all in the Head : For it
would have coft more to have them put in a
Market-Cafe, than they would fell-for. Alfo the
Canary Wine they brought from Tenerijfe was
fold under the Price of yommon Madera ; this
being the Wine the People were ufed to, though
theirs coft double, and was twice as good.
These Difappointments made Captain Scot re-
> folve not to proceed to Virginia, according to his
Orders; which Roberts not liking, he was dif-
charged at his own Defire by the Captain, the
twenty-fourth of April ; who, in Lieu of Wages,
and fome Money lent, bought a Sloop, called the
Margaret , of about fixty Ton of Cafk, for Ro¬
berts to trade with : Promifing him likewife a
Bill of Sale to hold Part in her, proportionable partl frm
to the Debt. In this Sloop the Author taking aScot.
Cargo here for the Coaft of Guinea about Rio
f Grande , and the Cape de Verde Iflands, fet fail
about the Middle of July , 1722, in Company
of Captain Scot, for Fear of fome Pirates they
heard lay at the Carribees : However, he loft
Sight of Scot in a Squall of Wind three Days
after. In this Paffage, being confined to his Bed
by Sicknefs for ten Days, they miffed their Way,
either by the Ignorance or Carelefnefs of the
Matej fo that wandering backwards and for¬
wards
Roberts.
Ip sf Sal.
Crttn Turtle
St. Kicho-
las IJle.
Voyages to the Cape
wards a great while, at laft, they arrived at the '<
Ifland of Sal , [about the Middle of OSIober a.]
He came to Anchor in the Northermoft Bay
of Palmera ; and it being green-Turtle Seafon,
fent his Boat to bring one aboard, if there were
any frefh caught. On this Occafion Captain
Roberts obferves, that the French often make a
Turtle-Voyage thither, halting them aftiore, and
drying them much after the fame Manner as they
do Cod at Newfoundland , which, as well as the Oil,
they fell to good Profit in the IVcJl Indies. The 1
Shell they fave for the French Market, where it
generally yields a better Price than in England ;
efpecially that of the Turtle caught about thefe
Iflands, which is of the tbinneft Sort, and extra¬
ordinary clear, as well as finely clouded. Befides,
Ambergreafe is often found in greater Quantities
at this Ifland than any other of the Cape de
Verdes ; and did not the wild Cats eat it, (as
does alfo the green Turtle) much more would
be found than there is. i
, In about two Hours the Boat returned, bring¬
ing a green Turtle, between two and three hun¬
dred Weight, as he gueffed, and with it a black
Native of St. Nicholas ; who told him, that the
Turtle was fent as a Prefent by his Companions,
of whom there were about fixty, all Natives of
the fame Ifland ; brought thither, to catch and
cure Turtle, by a Captain of a Ship, who, ten
Weeks before, failed to Bona Vifta for Salt : But
as he flayed fo long away, they had no Hopes of
feeing him again; and therefore offered Roberts
half their Turtle, Oil, Shell, Ambergreafe, fcV.
to carry them, with the other half, to St. Ni¬
cholas. Roberts being bound thither, promifed to
rjive them a Waft for nothing ; refufing to med¬
dle with the Effedls till he knew the Right of the
Matter. This Black faid, he was an Englijhman ;
but feveral Places in England being named, knew
none of them ; at lafl, Roberts named Bermudas ,
and then the Negro told him, he was of that
Ifland. Next Day, about feven in the Afternoon,
he fet Sail for St. Nicholas , carrying along with
him fix Men, two Women, and a fucking
Child ; but nothing more of theirs, than what
was necefTary for the Voyage. They anchored
by Nine the Night following, in Trefoil Road,
about fix Fathom Water.
In the Morning, the Priefl (who was a fV-
tugueze) came to him, and faid, he had fent the
beforementioned Sloop to the Ifle of SW, with the
Blacks, to catch Turtle; that fome were his
own Slaves, the reft being hired, fome at two,
fome at three, and others at four Dollars per
Month ; and, that all the Turtle, Oil, Shell,
de Verde Islands* 601
&c. was intirely his : But as he was afraid the 1722.
Sloop was loft, he agreed, next Day, with Ro- Roberts.
berts, to fetch home the Effects and Men for an'-“*’"V‘-"J
hundred Dollars, and a flout Man-Slave ; to be
paid and delivered at his Return, and before any
of the Goods were landed.
Next Morning, he went from Trefoil , whichParaghIfi
lies fifteen or eighteen Miles off the Town, along Roa
a fleep rocky Way, and anchored at Paraghift ,
in the old Road, being nigher the Town than
Trefoil ', and, for the mofl Part, a level Way ;
his Intent being to truck with fome of his Corn,
Rice, &c. for Cotton-Cloth b ; likewife for Am¬
bergreafe, Dragon’s Blood, Money, &c. The
Blacks alfo, which he brought from Sol, told
him, that all thefe Windward Iflands of the
Cape de Verde were in great want of Provifions ;
and, that the Famine had raged fo in St. Nicho¬
las , in particular, that, within the laft twelve
Months, there died five hundred Souls, purely
for Want of Food ; of which good Part of his
Cargo conftfted.
However, he did not flay here, but refolved
to lay hold of the Prieft’s Offer, for Fear his
Sloop fhould come ; being fatisfied he fhould
have Time enough to make his Market at St.
Nicholas after his Return from Sal , which, bar¬
ring Accidents, would not take up above a
Week : Nor did he fear any Veffel’s coming to
fpoil his Market, it being the wrong Time of
1 the Year, viz. the Shifting-wind Seafon. And
though Captain Scot had been there (as he heard)
but ten Days before, yet they could be fupplied
with very little Provifion by him.
With this Refolution, next Morning, heCurrifs*
turned-up to Currifal , to recruit his Store ofRoad ‘
Wood and Water, that being very commodious
for this laft, which runs there down to the Sea ;
but the Wood was a long Way to fetch, over
fteep Rocks ; fo that, if it had not been for four
; Blacks Afliftance, (who were come aboard with
the Prieft) to go with him to Sal, he thought his
own Men would never have found it, or gotten
it down, when found. The laft Turn was got on
board about eleven o’Clock at Night ; and it
proving calm in the Road, he could not weigh
Anchor as he defigned : Upon which, the Prieft,
with his four Blacks, being Sea-fick, lay afhore.
Next Morning, about Dawn, he turned-out,
as was his ufual Cuftom : But it continuing ftill
f calm, as the Day broke, looking out, he efpied
three Sail of Ships off the Bay; and making one
of them plain with his Glafs, fhe feemed to be
full built, and loaden. He took the reft to be
the fame, and of her Company ; imagining they
> The Tune is not mentioned here, but is deduced from that of his being taken by the Pirates which he
fcts down afterwards, p. 107. b Such as are traded for on the Coaft of Gtaneo, called by the Portuguese,
and from them, by the Blacks, Barafools,
Vot, I. N» 29. 4 H wanted
602
J 722.
Roberts.
VOYA G E S
wanted Water.
to the Cape de Verde Islands.
then
He faw them bring-to,
could not perceive any Signals
all which confirmed him in his
Deft riel three -
-Ship 1.
edge-away, but
made by them ;
firft Opinion.
But as foon as the Day biiike-up dear, that
they made his Ship, the middlemoft flood right-
in towards her; and as the Sun rofe,. the Wind
frefhened, and backed more to the Eaftward ; as
ufual there, after calm Nights. As the drew
is
a berts coming along-fide of the Schooner, the 1722.
Captain fiill continued to threaten him with Roberts.
Drubbing, to teach him better Manners than fo /a ''—'■‘Y™—
affront him. He anfwered, he did not defjgn to af¬
front him , or any of his Company. D - n you,
you Dog , faid he, don’t ft and there to- chatter, come
aboard. So up the Side he came ; this glib-
tongued Captain {landing at the entering Place,
with his Cutlafs ready drawn in his Hand, to re¬
ceive him : But a Man, in a gold-laced Hat,
b whom, afterwards, he underftood to be the Gun¬
ner, looked over the Side as he was coming-up,
and faid. Come up , Majler , you Jhant be abufed.
After he got in, the Captain up with his Cutlafs as
though he was going to cleave him down ; and
faid, You Dog you , what was the Reafon you did Ruffe!’/
not come aboard when the Boat was firji fent ProuS^L<>n-
what do you think you defervef Roberts anfwered/^’
If he had done amifs, it was through Ignorance ;
as he did not know who or what they were. Then
he rapped out an Oath with a D — n you , you
nigher, he found her, by his Glafs, to be a
Schooner, full of Hands, all in white Shirts ; and
feeing likewife a whole Tier of great Guns, he
began then to fufpedl. But it was now too late
to efcape them ; efpecially as it held calm within
the Bay, and they came-in with the Day-Breeze
as faft as the Wind, carrying an Englijh Enfign,
Jack, and Pendant. As (oon as Roberts faw
them, he hoifted his Enfign alfo. The other had
eight Guns, fix Pateraroes, and feventy Men ;
and ftretching a-head, hailed him ; which Roberts
anfwered. Then he afked, where the Sloop be¬
longed- to, and whence file came? Roberts told Dog , what or who do you think we are ? Roberts
Prove, to he
titrates,
him, file was of London , and came from Barba-
does. He faid, very well, he knew that ; and fo
bringing-to a-head of him, bad him fend his
Boat aboard : Which accordingly Roberts did,
with two Hands in her.
The Captain of the Schooner, whofe Name
was John Lopez , a Portugueze , as he was told af¬
terwards, but then went by the Name of John
Ruffel , (pretending, that he was born in the
Northern Parts of England) afked the People, who
came in the Boat, where the Matter of the Sloop
was? They anfwered, he was aboard, and fent
them with the Boat to know what he wanted.
He afked, which was the Matter? they fliewed
him Roberts , walking the Deck. He immediately
called to him, faying, You Dog! you Son of a
B - ! you fpeckled Shirt Dog ! (for he had a
fpeckled Holland Shirt on, and was flip-fhocd,
and without Stockings, being juft as he turned-
out of his Cabin) ; he ftill continued calling in
this Manner. Upon which, Roberts confidering
what Hands he was fallen into, and that it would
be eafy for them to fend a Ball through him, for
his contemptuous Silence, thought it the wifeft
Courfe to anfwer ; and accordingly cried, Ho lo :
Ruffel faid, You Dog you , why did not you come
aboard with the Boat , you Son of a B - ? I'll
ftrub you , you Dog , within an Inch of your Life ,
and that Inch too. Roberts made Anfwer, that
having commanded the Boat only aboard, he did
not think himfelf was required ; but, that if the
other pleafed to fend him the Boat, he would wait
upon him. Ruffel replied. Ay , you Dog you , I
will teach you letter Manners.
R-b.’rfs Upon this, he ordered fome of the Pirates in-
by tltrr.. tQ fafortfs Boat to fetch him ; with eight or ten
more, to take Pofleftion of the Sloop : And Ro-
was at a Lofs, not well knowing what Anfwer
to make, for Fear of offending him ; for the
lead Word awry is as much as the beft Man’s
Life is worth, while in their Clutches: This he
knew, having been taken by Pirates once before,
coming from Newfoundland. However, after a
little Paufe, he told him, He believed they were
Gentlemen of Fortune , belonging to the Sea. At
d which the other anfwered, and faid, You lie , by
G — ; we are Pirates , by G — .
After Ruffel had heflored and bounced thus And T,eeu
a- while, he afked Roberts , in a fleering Way,
Why he had not put on his Cloaihs , when he came
a vifiting fuch Gentlemen as they were ? Roberts re¬
plied, That he did not know he was to make the
Vi fit , when he dreffed himfelf ; and befides, came,
in fuch a Fright , on Account of his Threats , that he
had very little Thoughts or Stomach either , to change
e his Drefs: But added, that if he would pleafe to
grant him the Liberty , he would go and put-on bet¬
ter Cloaihs ; hoping it was not yet too late. Yes,.,
d — n you, faid Ruffel, now it is too late: What
deaths we took you in, you J hall keep ; but your
Sloop, and what is in her, is ours. Roberts told
him, be perceived it ivas ; but fill hoped, as he lay
at their Mercy , they would be fo generous as to take
only what they had Occafion for, and leave him the
reff. The other anfwered, As to that , he could fay
f nothing yet ; it being a Company-Bufinefs to decide:
And withal, bid him give an Account of every QmJr(j a
Thing that was aboard the Sloop, particularly LiftoJGoJu
the Cargo, and what Money he had, or knew of :
For that if, upon rummaging, they found the
lead Thing he had not difeovered, they would
fet the Sloop on Fire, and him in her.
All the reft of the Johns, who were {land¬
ing by, in a feeming friendly Manner, advifed
him
Voyages to Cape
-1722. him to make a full Difcovery, efpecially as to a
R..bertr. Money, Arms, and , Ammunition, which, as
'they faid, were the principal Thin-gs they fought
after; adding, that it was their Way to punifh
Liars and Concealers, efpecially of thefe Things,
in a fevere Manner. Accordingly Roberts gave
them the beft Account he could upon his Me¬
mory ; faying, that if he had Leave to confult
his Papers, aboard his Sloop, he fhould then
be able to give them an exait Inventory of
every Thing.: But Ruffe! faid, No ; that as for b
his Papers, he would take Care of them ; and if
any Thing was found aboard, more than he had
given an Account of, he muft Hand clear. All
this while the Pirates were rummaging the Sloop,
and prefently after returned, but found nothing
more than he had told them of ; except a Ring,
and his Silver Buckles, which he had forgotten
to mention.
By this Time the Prieft and Blacks, miftruft-
ing how the Game went, were got a pretty Way c
up the Rocks, in order to efcape into the Moun
6 O'?
I 7£2.
Roberts.
tbar
de Verde Islands.
down to Leeward, the Rofe-Pink , which mounted
thirty-fix Carriage-Guns, commanded by Edmund
Lie, who was their Commodore, edged in towards
them. Upon which, they doing the like. Ruffe if'*'
gave him an Account of what had patted, and of
his Defign of landing that Evening, to take the
Prieft and Governor, if he approved of it. The
Commodore agreed ; and, in his Launch, fent
fome of his Ship’s Company to reinforce the
Schooner’s Crew.
This done, they hauled-in for Shore again ;
and coming the Length of Porto Lappa , (which
is a Road or Bay, lying about the Middle, be¬
tween Currifal and Paraghift) one of the Schoo¬
ner’s Company raps-out an Oath, that, to his
Knowledge, this was the beft Place to land at,
and nigheft the Town. Upon this, Ruffe! ordered
them to ftand in for the Bay; and when they were Ruffe! fitxn
gotten within half a League of the Land, went!
afhore in the Boat, at the Head of thirty-five
Men ; ordering the Veflel to keep on their Courfe,
and anchor in the old Road of Paraghift, Next
tains; wrhich the Pirates obferving, Ruffe! afked, if Day, Ruffe! and his Company came down to
A Sleep and
Scot taken.
he knew who thofe Perfons were ? Roberts , not
daring to be caught in a Lie, complied ; ac¬
quainting him with their intended Voyage to Sal:
Upon which, he faid, the Prieft would never fee
his Sloop more ; for they had taken her : But
that their own Gang, whom they had put aboard
her, had ran away with her, and a Booty of
eight hundred Pounds in Cafh, befides other
Goods. He added, that the Information he had
received about the Author, and the Probability
of finding him at this Ifland, joined to another,
concerning one thoufand fix hundred, or two
thoufand Dollars, which the Prieft and Governor
of St. Nicholas had hoarded up, was the only Oc-
fion of their coming there ; having, otherwife,
intended to go to Bona Vijla . Roberts having
afked, from whom he had the Intelligence ? he
-named Captain Scot’, and, farther, inquiring how
it was with the Captain ? they told him, but in¬
different ; yet, better than he deferved : That
they had burnt his Ship, and put him afhore at
Bona Vijla.
RUSSEL ftill eying the Prieft, who was run¬
ning up the Rocks, with all his Might, had a
Month’s Mind to fend fome of his Men afhore
after him : But being convinced it was impoffible
to do any Good that Way, and refolving, at any
Rate, to have him, he determined to fail down
to Paraghift , to catch him from thence ; and
made Roberts pilot them thither in his Sloop.
The Pirates aboard her flipping the Cable, left
both that and the Anchor behind, becaufe they
would not be at the Pains to weigh.
All this while the other Ships lay-to in the
Offing: But as loon as they faw thorn make-Sail
4
them with their Prieft, the old Governor’s Son,
and five or fix Negro Men, their Prifoners,
They all immediately came aboard, and, weigh¬
ing, flood off to the Ships which were then lying-
to in the Offing ; and coming within Call of the;
Commodore, he hailed them, and afked, how all
fared , and what Luck ? Ruffe! anfwered, he
1 would wait on him on board , and give him a par¬
ticular Account. Accordingly the Prieft, and tho
reft of the Prifoners, were put aboard the Launch*
(Roberts alfo being ordered along with them, to
prefent himfelf, and pay his Refpeifs to the great
Captain Loe , the Commodore) and Rufffel fol¬
lowed them in his own Boat.
At his Entrance in the Pink, the Company
welcomed him aboard, and faid, they were forry Roberts'*
for his Lofs ; but 'told him, he muft go- pay his Interview
e Refpeils to the Captain, who was in the Cabin,
and waited for him. He was ufhered in by an
Officer, (the Gunner, he thought) who ailed
with the proper Deportment of Mafter of the
Ceremonies; though he did not remember any
Mention made among them of fuch an Officer,
or Office ; nor know whether they are always fo-
formal aboard on fuch Occafions. When they
entered the Cabin, the Gentleman-Ufher, mak¬
ing a low Reverence to the Commodore, pre-
f fented Roberts , and then withdrew, leaving them,
tw*o alone.
Captain LOE , with the ufual Compli¬
ments, welcomed him aboard ; and told him, he# wth
was very Jorry for his Lofs: That it was not hisCommAore^
Dcftre to meet with any of his Countrymen, (but
rather Foreigners ) excepting feme few, whom he
wanted to chaff ife for their Roguifhnefs : But ,
H 2 htowr
604
Voyages /o Cape d e Verde Islands.
1722.
Roberts.
hnvever , fays he, fince Fortune has ordered it fo , a Woollen , fine and coarfe ; //<?/* of all Sorts , <57/£,
that you have fallen into our Hands , / would have Iron , and other rich Goods in abundance 3 ; ont/ be-
> you be of good Cheer , not be cajl down. Ro- lieved, be coulj have prevailed with the Company
berts replied, He was alfo very ferry that he even to have loaded the Ship. But that now they
chanced to fall in their Way ; but Jlill encouraged had no Goods at ally he believed ; havingy after
himfelf ivith the HopeSy that he was in the Hands they had difpofed of Part to other Prizes , heaved
of Gentlemen of Honour and Generofty ; it being the ref into David Jone’r Locker ; which is a
fill in their Power to make this Capture turn out cant Word among them for the Sea He added,
j quaint m Mi fortune to him. He faid, It did not lie fingly That , however , he did not know , but it might be his
in bis Breafy for that all Bufinefs of that Nature Lot to meet with Roberts again, when it Jhould lie
iv as to be determined by a Majority of Votes in the b in his Way to make him a Retaliation for his prefent
zvhcle Company ; and though neither hey nor , he be- Lofs ; alluring him, that if fuch an Occafton of-
lievedy any of the refy defir ed to meet with any of feredy he might depend on his Readinefs to ferve
their own Nation , except fome few Perfonsy for the him , as far as his Power or Inieref could reach.
Reafon abovementionedy yet , when they did , it could For all this Civility Roberts could do no l'efs (if
not well be avoided , to take as their own ivhat Pro - he durft do otherwife) than return his Thanks.
vidence fent them : And as they were Gentlemen who
> intirely depended upon Fortune , they durf not be fo S E C T II
ungrateful to her , as to refufe any Thing which jhe
put into their Way ; for if they Jhould defpife any of The Prif oners brought- in. Manner of being taken,
her Favour Sy though ever fo mean, they might of- c Pirates difappointed of Booty. Nothing of Value
fendy and caufe her to withdraw her Hand from found. Loe blames Ruflel. The latter’s Defence,
them , who might thusy perhaps , perijh for Want of Loe fatisfied. The Prief fies. Ruflel threatens,
thofe Things , which, in their rajh Folly , they had
fighted. Then, in a very obliging Tone, he
defired Roberts to fit down ; he himfelf not once
moving from his Seat, which was one of the
great Guns, though there were Chairs enough in
the Cabin ;. but, doubtlefs, he thought he fhould
not appear fo martial, or Hero-like, fitting on a
Chair, as mounted on a Cannon.
Receive! Ro- The Author being feated, Loe afked him,
tens civilly, What he would drink? He thanked him; and faid,
He did not much care for drinking ; but out of a
Senfe of the Honour he did him in afking , he would
drink any Thing with him that he chofe. Loe told
him, It would avail him nothing to be cajl down ;
that it was Fortune of War ; and Grieving or Vex-
172.?..
Roberts.
The Priejl furrenders : Is carried aboard : Set
ajhore again. Roberts known by fome aboard.
Defign to detain him for a Pilot. Cautioned how
to aft. Loe, his Friend. Confult about Roberts.
The Captains jar. Pirates Way of eating. Al¬
though bad , yet generous.
B
Y this Time Word being brought, that the Tie Prifom?
Quarter- Mafler General Rujfel was corned*' "»
on board with his Prifoners, he was ordered to
attend, and with the Prieft and the Governor’s
Son of St. Nicholas entered the Cabin. They were
followed by the Officers, and fome of the moft
fignalized Villains among them, who flood raireft
for Preferment. The Cabin thus filled, Loe ,
ing might be of bad Confequence in Refpeff of his after the neceffary Compliments, bid Rujfel and
Health : Btfides , that it would be more taking with
the Company , to appear brijk and chearful ; and as
little concerned as pofftble. And come , fays he, you
may , and I hope you will , have better Fortune here¬
after. Upon this he rang the Bell, and one of
his Valets de Cabin appearing, he ordered a Bowl
Shi.
the Prifoners fit down ; and then afked, IVhat
Neivs ? And how the Game went? Whereupon
Rujfel gave him an Account of the whole Affair;
which was as follows r
Having landed thirty-five Men, they imme- 1/
diately feized two Blacks, Natives ; who were fent 'iwr
of Punch, in the great Bowl; which was a rich by the Governor to inquire (as ufual) whence.
Silver one, and held about two Gallons. It being and upon what Account they came. Thefe Fel-
brought in, he called for fome Wine, and two lows they made their Guides to the Town;
Bottles of Claret were brought ; then, taking the which, Night coming on, and the Road being
uneven and rocky, they could not otherwife have
f reached that Night. They got thither about nine
o’Clock, it being twelve Miles by Eftimation from
the Landing-Place. By this Means they pre¬
vented any Notice of their Coming; and fo were
affined there was no Boory but what they found.
They went firft to the Governor’s Houfe, where
leaving a Guard, they palled along to the Prieftls,
Bowl, he drank to Roberts ; who, being offered
his Choice, pledged him in Claret. After this,
he aflured him. That he would do him all the Fa¬
vour he could , and wijhed it had been his Fortune to
have been taken by them ten Days fooner ; for that
Jrtmifci to be then , he faid, they had abundance of good Commodities ,
which they had taken from two Portuguese out¬
ward- bound Brafilmen ; as Cloth , both Linen and
1‘ Sometimes they are loaded from Madera. See. Atkins .
W ho-y
Voyages to the Cape
1722,
Robe ts.
Pifafpointed
Btory.
who, they found, had not been long returned
from Currifal. But though he had not the lead:
Thought of this their fudden Arrival, till his
own Eyes confirmed it, yet he did not feem much
furprifed. He ordered what Victuals he had, and
Wine enough, to be feton theTable; tellingthem,
he could not entertain them as he would at fuch
an unfeafonable Time of Night : But that they
were very welcome to fuch as they found ; and
if they (laid till To-morrow, he fhould be fup-
plied plentifully with whatever the Bland af¬
forded.
RUSSEL thanked him, but told him, he
came of an Errand, and muft perform it; which
was, that having had pofitive Information from
very good Hands, no lefs than Eye-Witnefles,
that both he and the Governor had good Store of
Dollars as well as Gold hoarded up, they were
come to {hare it with them ; it being one great
Branch of their Trade, not to let Money lie
rutting in old Bags or Chetts, but to make it c
move and circulate whenever they could come at
it. To this the Prieft, without any apparent Con¬
cern, replied. That whoever gave them that In¬
formation, gave a falfe one : Nor was it indeed
likely,, or even pofiible, to get Money in thofe
barren, uncultivated, and commercelefs Blands.
Ruffel anfwered, Thdt he was Matter of but two
Senfes, which could give him Satisfaction whether
the Information was falfe, or what his Reverence
now faid was true ; and thofe were feeing and <
feeling. The Prieft told him, he was welcome
to make Ufe of thofe. Senfes for his Satisfaction;
and immediately ordered Wax Candles to be
lighted : For they had no other, and thofe were
all confecrated, being fent thither by the Bifhop
of St. Jago ; whofeBufinefs it is to provide Can¬
dles, Oil, &c. for the Church-Service in all the
adjacent Iflands.
Netting of With thefe they fearched every Creek and
Value fiur.d. Corner about theHoufe, but found nothing, only
twenty Dollars, which he did not think worth
while to take. From hence they went to the Go¬
vernor’s Houfe, and fearched that as narrowly, but
found ftill lefs there : After which, fays Ruffel, I
difpofed of my Men as I thought molt convenient
for refrefhing them, after their fatiguing Jour¬
ney : But yet with due Regard to our own Secu¬
rity, by fetting a Watch ; ordering the reft to
repofe as well as they could, but not one of them
to ftir out of the Governor’s Houfe. I gave them
withal a ftri& Charge to be ready with their
Arms at a Moment’s Warning, and not lay them
out of their Hands, or unfling thierPiftols: Which
was all punctually performed. Next Morning,
as we h'ad not lighted on the Booty according to
Information, which therefore was deemed falfe,
we concluded to feize and bring on board the
Governor, the Prieft., and four or five of the
1722.
Roberts.
Loe blames'
x> e Verde Islands. 605
a principal Inhabitants for you t ample Satisfac¬
tion.
Here Captain Lee, who fat as demure and
attentive all the while as a Judge upon the Bench,
of a fudden ftarted, as it were out of a deep
Study, and interrupting Ruffel in his Story : Z— ds,
(faid he) what Satisfaction is this, to me, or the
Company ? We did not want thefe Fellows , d^n
them : No , we wanted their Money , _ if they had
any ; and if not , they, might have Jlaid afhore , or
b gone to the Devil , whom they belong to. Ruffel net¬
tled to be fnapped up fo ftiort, replied in a fome-
thing more ftern Tone, That he had as much**** 1’**'
Re of on for , and Interejl in, getting the Money , if'™'
there had been any, as he had, or any of the Coni'
flany could have , and did as much as could be done
'to find it : That he did not believe there was any
more than what they all fiaw ; which, had he taken
it, would not have amounted to Six- pence a -piece,
when floored among the Company ; and that it was
C not worth having their Name called in fuejhon fior ^
finch an infignific ant Trifle. For my Part, continued
he, I am for fomething that is worth taking ; and
if 1 cant light of fuch, I never will give the World
Occafion to fay, that lam a poor, fne a king Rogue, a
mean-fpirited Fellow No, I will rob for fomething
of Value, or elfe will not rob at all', specially from
thefe People, among whom we may reckon one of our
Places of Refuge, in cafe any of us jhould be fepa-
rated from the Company, or the Company break ,
, and therefore I boldly affirm, that we ought not to
draw on us an Odium from thefe P eople for a Trifle .
For this, faid he, by all Men would be accounted
a narrow- fouled, beggarly Allion ; end we Jhdula
to all Futurity be curfed by thofe of the Fraternity,
as often as any of them were pinched with the Ef-
fetts, which would be likely to attend the Committal
of fuch a Folly. ' , , .
Hereupon Captain Loe , interrupting firm Loe fstuJMt-
a<*ain, replied, That all he faid was very true, and
» carried a deal of Reafon with it ; that he was fa-
tisfied with his Judgment and Courage in the Ma¬
nagement of the Affair , and defined he would dwell
no longer on that Head , but proceed to finifh the
Hi/hry ofi his Expedition. But come, fays he, let
us do nothing rafhly ; and filling" a Bumpei, drinKS
to Ruffel, wifhing Roberts better Succefs for the
future. So the Glafs pafl'ed round ; After which,
Ruffel refumed his Narrative, ^
Pursuant to the Refolutien, taken, as before-
f mentioned, Ruffel fent to the Prifcft to come to
him at the Governor’s Houfe ; but the Prieft was
fled, with all his Slaves, only an old Woman, 77< ?rhp'!
who told them this Story : Hereupon Ruffel or- A'*-
dered the Governor, who was an ancient Negro,
to bring him in two Hours time. The Governor
faid, he would do his utmoft, but that it was im-
poflible to be done in fo fhort a Time, in cafe
the Prieft was gone to the Mountains, as ho
hear#
Voyages to the Cape d e Verde Islands.
& very eafy for him to re- a
Months unuifcovered, not-
606
1722. heard lie was, it being:
Roberts, main there l'everal _ 7
withftanding the moil diligent Search. Ruffel,
Ruiiei tlrea ^ ithout regarding His Excufes, allured him, That
if he did not delivery the Priejl in three Hour's time ,
he would burn the Town to Afhes. The Governor
anfwered, That he lay at their Mercy ; but hoped
the Innocent Jhould not fuffer with the Guilty , if
his Endeavours fhould prove fruit lefs. Ruff el told
him, The Time tuas jet , and the Doom would not
be deferred a Moment after the Expiration: But
promifed the Prieft fhould not be killed, or abufed,
provided he furrendered himfelf within the Time
limited.
The Governor having Tent immediately feve-
ral Parties of Blacks on the Hunt. Ruffel, in
the mean Time, ordered him to kill an Ox,
and drefs it as foon as he could, and broach a Pipe
of Wine for his Men. In about two Hours, feme
of the Blacks brought Word, that they had found
the Prieft ; and that he had fent them to let him
The Priejl
Jiirrendcrs .
h carried a
’ke-atd.
Sert ajhjit
agam.
know, he was coming to throw himfelf intirely
upon his Mercy : Accordingly he came, and very
fubmiftively afked Ru//~cl’s Pardon ; faying, he
repented that he fhould be fo foolifh, as to fneak
away and abfeond, having no Reafon, as he be¬
lieved, to do fo, but his own groundlefs Appre-
henfionS. The Pirate bid him chear up, but told
him, he had like to have ruined the whole Ijland by
his unadvifed Flight ; for that , if he had not come as
he did, he was refolved , as foon as his Men had d
filed their Bellies , to have burnt the Town to Ajhes,
Church and all. The Padre laid, He thanked God
that he was come Time enough to fave them, and the
Captain for his Clemency in deferring his Vengeance fo
long: The more effe&ually to appeafe whofe Wrath,
he fent to his Houfe for Wine, Fowls, and an An¬
chor of Rum. With this good Chear they made
very merry, and kept open Houfe, treating all the
Natives that came to them at the Parfon’s Expence.
When they had fufficiently caroufed, Ruffel e
told the Prieft and Governor, that they and lix
more, whom he would chufe, muft go on board
the Commodore. The Prieft feemed much fur-
pnfed at this News, and laid, he hoped he woidd
not carry them away from the If and, nor make Slaves
of them. Upon which Ruffel told him, That he
ivas a Member of the Church of Rome as well as
himfelf , and tnat no Harm fliould be done him , or
any of his Company ; his Intention being no more than
to have the Commodore fatisfed by their own Tefi- f
m°ny , that the Information he had received of their
having fo much Money , was falfe. At this he feemed
very well contented i and accordingly, conludes
Ruffel, we came down and got on "board. And
now here they are, do you with them as you
pleafe.
Captain LOE laid, he had behaved very
well, and afked the Prieft feveral Queftions ; Af¬
ter which, he directed the Captives to be put a- 1722
fhore in the Schooner : But Roberts was ordered Roberts
to remain aboard the Commodore till his own and *— ->r*«
Sloop’s Fate fhould be decreed by the Company.
Mean Time Lie ordered him a Hammock with
Bedding, and told him, in the moft generous,
obliging Manner, that every thing in the Ship
was at .his Command ; and defired him not to go
out of his ufual Courfe as to Hours, Drinking,
or Company.
Next Morning, abouteight, as he was walking
the Deck, one of the Company came up to him,
and bidding him good Moriow, faid, he was forry
for his Misfortunes j adding, I believe you do «3/R.o!*ru
know me : Which was true, for the Author could kmvjn
not then call to Min'd, that he had ever feen him^^*
before. The Man finiicd and faid, he once belonged
to him , when he commanded the Sufannah (a Frigat-
built Ship of three hundred Tons) in 1718. By
this Time there came-up two more ; who alfo
declaring, that they belonged to the Sufannah at
the fame Time, Roberts thought he did remem¬
ber fomething of them. They expreffed Sorrow
for his ill Luck, and promifed to do all .(hat lay in
their Power to ferve him : They faid, “ They
had among them about forty or fifty Pieces of
white Linens, and fix or eight of Silk, be-
fides fome other Things ; and that they would
make whatlntereft they could with their Con-
forts and Intimates for a Gathering for him
of what Things they could, and put all on
“ board as foon as the Company had decreed him
“ his Sloop again.”
Upon this they looked about, as if they had Dcfgn /»]
fomething to fay in Private ; and feeing the Deck*"/’ t>:m
clear, which is very rare in theft Ships, they told
him, with much feeming Concern, “ That if
“ he did not take abundance of Care, he would
“ be forced to flay with them ; for his Mate had
“ informed them, that he was very well acquaint-
“ ed with the Coaft of Brafil, and they defigned
u to ftretch over thither, after fcouring that of
“ Guinea : But had not a Man among them who
“ had ever been at the former. They faid, there
“ was but one Way for him to efcape being
“ forced.”
Hereupon, enjoining him to Secrecy, (fince
the Difcovery was as much as their Lives were
worth) they told him, that they had been in clofe
Confutation, whether they fhould oblige him to
go with them, not as one of the Company, but
as a forced Prifoner, in order to be their Pilot on a
the Coaft of Brafil ; and that his Mate had offered
to enter with them, but defired to defer it till they
had determined his (Roberts’ s) Cafe: That the
Mate being afked whether he (the Author) was
married, faid he could not tell for certain, but
believed he was not : That upon this, they them-
felves fpoke in his Behalf, as having known him
for
It
U
cc
cc
cc
cc
V-oyages to the Cape
1722. for feveral Years, and giving him the Character 2
Roberts, of being extraordinary good to his Men both for
Ufage and Payment, affirmed, that to their Know¬
ledge, he was married, and had four Children.
On this Occafion, they told him, That they had
an Article among themfelves , to which they were
fworn , never to force any married Man againjl his
Will to ferve them ; and that therefore he fhould
w> tt aft. be fure to fay, he is married, and had five or
fix Children, for that nothing elfe could prevent
his being forced ; That his Mate was yet igno- b
rant of their Articles, for that they never expoj'e
them to ary, till they are going to fign them.
They informed him farther, that there was
*bne Man who would fain have the Company
break-through their Oath on that Head ; infilling,
that they might, and ought to do it, becaufe it
was a Cafe of Necelfity, as there was no Poflibi-
lity other wife of getting a Pilot for Brafily un-
lefs in their Run along theCoafl of Guinea , they
fhould light-of one fo qualified, and within their <
Articles; in which Cafe, he faid, they might fet
him, Roberts , afhore : But that till then they
ought to detain him.
.oe hit They faid, however, that Captain Loe was
TncrJ. very much againft it, telling them, It would be
an ill Precedent , and of bad Confequcnce ; for that
if once they took the Liberty of breaking their Articles
and Oath , none of them could be fure of any thing.
They went on and told him, that mod of
the Company were of Captain Loe’s Opinion, but
that Rujfel feemed to be heartily nettled, that his
Advice was not taken ; and being able to do al-
mofl any thing with the Company, would cer¬
tainly try his utmofl to perfuade them to break
the Articles : That, however, there were very
few of them as yet inclined to that Meafure. They
concluded by faying, that for their own Parts
they never would give their Confent to ir, and
hoped the reft would be as backward. Here, for
fear Notice fhould be taken of their being fo long
together, they broke off Difcourfe ; and left him
to manage the reft the heft he could.
Soon after they were gone, Captain Loe comes
upon Deck, and bidding good Morrow, with
''■rfilt abMt the ufual Morning Compliments, ordered a Con-
Lberts. fultation-Signa) to be made ; this they called their
Green Trumpeter : It was a green Silk Flag, with
the Figure of a Trumpeter in Yellow, hoifted at
the Mizzen-Peek. Upon which, all coming on
board, and into the Cabin, or Steerage, or where
they could, the Commodore told them, he only
wanted them to breakfaft with him.
After Breakfaft, Loe afked Roberts , If he
was married , and how many Children he had ?
Who anfwered, he had been married about ten
Tears., /and had five Children when he came from
home , and might have fix then , one being upon the
Slocks when he fet-out. He was afked again, If he
1
de Verde Islands.' 607
had left his Wife well provided for ? Roberts replied, 1722.
that he had left her in very indifferent Circum- Roberts.
fiances ; that having met with former Misfortunes ,
he was fo low reduced , that the greater Part of his
Subflance was in this Ship and Cargo ; and that if
he was put by this Trip , he did not know but his
Family might want Bread before he could fupply
them.
LOE then turning to Rujfel , fit id, It will not ike Captain
do, Rufiel. What won’t do, quoth Rujfel? Said;«r,
Loe, you know what I mean-, it mu jl not, and it
Jhall not be, by G — d. It tnufl and fall, by G — d,
replied Rujfel. Self P ref ervation is the firjl Law
of Nature ; and NeceJJity , according to the old Pro¬
verb, has no Law. Well , fays Loe, it Jhall never
be with my Confent. Hereupon moil of the Com¬
pany faid, it was a Pity, and that it ought to be
taken into Confideration ; and being ferioufiy
weighed amongft them, put to the Vote. At
which Loe faid, fo it ought ; and that there was
: no Time like the Time prefent to decide the
Controverfy, and determine the Matter. They
all anfwered, Ay, it was bejl to end it now. Then
Loe ordered all Hands upon Deck, and bid Roberts
ftay in the Cabin.
!n about two Hours they came dowm again,
and Loe afked him, how he d'rl ? Rujfel faid,
Majler, your Sloop is very leaky. Tes, replied Ro¬
berts, jhe makes IVater. Water ! fays he, I don’t
know what you could do with her, fuppofe we Jhould
1 give her you ; befides, you have no Hands , for all
your Hands now belong to us. Roberts however ex¬
prefling a Defire to have her again, he went-on,
infulting him upon the Want of Cargo, Provi-
lion, and every thing elfe, only to give an Eoge
to his Mifery : Till at laft, Csme, Come, fays
Loe, let us tofs the Bowl about, and call a fref)
Caufe.
They all agreed, and fell to talk of their Piratn Wcy
paft TranfaAions at Newfoundland, the Wejlern0/ eat:yZ-
e IJlands, the Canaries,.. &c. all the while drinking
and caroufing ; and when they came to Dinner,
(to which Loe had invited them) fell a fnapping the
ViAuals one from another, more like a Kennel
of Hounds than Men. This, it feems, was one
of their chief Diverfior.s; and, they Aid, looked
martial-like.
Next Morning, one of the three Men who
fpoke to the Author the Morning before, came
and excufed his own and the others Refervednefs
f to him, on Account of an Article among them,
which made it Death to hold any Jecret Corrcfpon-
dence ivitb a Prifoner. Fie farther told Roberts ,
that he might thank his Mate for all tnis extra¬
ordinary Animofity ; and, that, he much feared,
he would prove a Rogue to him, and enter with *
them: In which Cafe, fays he, ft you fhould get.
your Sloop, you’ll be fadly put to’t to manage
her, with.only one Boy aud the. little Child. He
heartily
6.o8 V,q itages to the Cape
1722. heartily wifhed they could go with him in her;
Roberts, but faid, that could not be thought of, it being
Death even to motion it , by another of their Ar¬
ticles: Which declares, That if any of the Com -
■pany /ball advife or /peak any Thing , tending to the
feparating or breaking of the Company , .or Jhall by
any Means offer or endeavour to quit the Company ,
that P erf on jhall be Jhot to Deaths by the Quarter-
JMafers Order , without the Sentence of a Court-
Martial '. He added, that till his Mate had given
Rujfel an Account of his being acquainted with
the Coaft of Brajil, he feemed to be his bed
Friend ; and would certainly have prevailed with
Sad, yttge- the Company to make a Gathering for him;
nacui. perhaps, not much fhort in Value of what they
had taken from him : For that mod of them had
feveral Pieces of Linen, Silk, Spare Hats, Shoes,
Stockings, Gold Lace, and abundance of other
Goods, befides the public Store : It being a Prac¬
tice among them, to referve fuch Things for no
other Ufe, but to give to any they fhould take,
•whom they formerly were acquainted with, or took
a prefen t liking to. He faid farther, that, he be¬
lieved, Captain Loe would be his Friend, and do
what he could for him ; but that, in Oppofition
to Rujfel , he could do but little : For that Rujfel
bore twice the Sway with the Company, and
was always more confiderate to tbofe they took
than Lee .
SECT. III.
Roberts’ s ticklifj Situation. RuflePf Artifice to
engage him : His Cafuijlry. Roberts pleads
Confcience. A Pirate's Cod and Saviour. Ro¬
berts favoured: Is decreed his Sloop. Ruflel’f
Outrage : Checked by the Gunner : He is dif-
armed. Roberts’.* Mate joins them : Contejl
thereon. Rudel’r bold Speech: He gains his
Point: His Malice to Roberts; is inexorable :
His bitter Sneers : Strips the Sloop : His Droll
upon Roberts : Is rebuked by the Gunner. Ro¬
berts fet adrift : Character of his Mate.
Roberts’* QOME Time after this Man left him, Cap-
lictnjb Situ- Q tain Loe turned out; and, palling .the ufual
Compliments, they took each a Dram of Rum,
and difeourfed on indifferent .Subjects : For he
was forced to feem pleafed with every one, and
join in Difcourfe with them upon all Topics,
however difagreeable ; otherwife, he mud have
incurred their Difpleafure: In which Cafe, every
rafcally Icllow would let loofe his brutal Fancy,
and fall upon him either with his Tongue or
Hands ; for they make no Scruple to kick and
cuff, or otherwife abufe their Prifoners, merely
for a little Game.
About ten a Clock, Captain Rujfel, with
^r,lM fome more, c?me aboard ; and, in an agreeable
3
de Verde Islands,
Manner, addreffing himfelf to Roberts, told him, 1722.
“ That he had been confidering about his Re- Roberts.
“ queff for the Sloop ; but could not fee how heLOfN
“ fhould be able to go through with it. He faid,
“ he believed, Roberts was a Man, and a Man
“ of Underftanding ; but that, in this Cafe, he
“ feemed rather to be directed by an obftinate
“ Defperation than by Reafon : That, for his
“ Part, he did not think it would Hand with
“ the Credit or Reputation of the Company, to
“ put it into his Power, to throw himfelf wil-
“ fully away, as he feemed determined to do :
“ That therefore, as he wifhed him well, he
“ had employed his Thoughts all Night about
“ the Affair, and believed, he had hit, at laft,
“ on a Way, which, without expofing him to
“ fo much Danger, would turn-out much more
“ to his Advantage than any Thing he could
“ poffibly expert by having the Sloop ; and that,
“ fays he, is, to link or burn your Sloop, and
“ -keep you with us no otherwife than as you .are
“ now, viz. a Prifoner : In this Cafe, conti-
“ nued he, I promife, (and will engage, to get
“ the Company to fign and agree to it) that you £»'».
“ {hall have the ftift Prize we take, if you like
“ her, to be at your own Ufe and Difpofal ; and
“ if not, you fhall flay till we take one you do
“ like. He added, that this might he the mak-
“ ing of Roberts, and put him in a Capacity of
“ leaving-off the Sea, and living afhore, if lie
<c was fo inclined.”
ROBERTS thanked him; but faid, “He
“ did not perceive it would be of any Advantage
“ to him, but rather the Reverfe ; that he could
“ not fee how he fhould be able to difpofe of his
c‘ Ship, or any Part of her Cargo: For that no
“ Body would buy, except he had a lawful
“ Power to fell ; and that if the Owners of any
“ fuch Ship or Goods fhould ever come to hear
“ of it, then he fhould be obliged to make them
“ Reftitution, to the full Value ; or, perhaps,
“ be thrown into Jail, and run the Hacard of ,
“ his Life.”
RUSSEL faid, “ Thefe were but frivolous Uu
“ Objections, and might eafily be evaded : For,
<c as to the Want of Title to the Ship, and Fear
“ of being detected, they could eafily make him
“ a Bill of Sale, and fuch other neceffary Powers
tc in Writing, as would be fufficient to juftify
“ his Right to them, beyond all Poflibility of
“ Exception. That as to his Apprehenfions of
“ a Difcovery by the Owners, that might as ea-
“ ffly be prevented ; for they (the Pirates) fhould
“ always know, by Examination of the Mafter,
“ &c. as v/ell as by the Writings taken aboard
“ fuch Ship, (which they always took Care to
“ feize upon) who were the Principals concerned
“ in both Ship and Cargo, with their Places of
u abode. He added, that Roberts might have1
“ the
Voyages to the Cape de
j 72 1.
Roberts.
RcberU
<£ the Powers and Writings made in another a
a Name, which he might go by, till he had
<c finifhed the Bufinefs, and then could affume
<c his own ; which Method would infallibly fe-
<{ cure him from all PoiTibility of a Difcovery.”
ROBERT S told him, that he confeffed there
fleadi C'j’ifci- vvas not only a Probability, but a feeming Cer-
-er:*‘ tainty in what he propofed, as well as abundance
of Addrefs in the Contrivance; but, at the fame
Time, allured him, that were he pofitively cer¬
tain that the Affair would turn out ever fo well, b
vet there was ftill a ftronger Motive to deter him
from accepting the Offer, and that was his C011-
fcience ; which, he faid, would be a continual
Sting, and Accufer. After this, Roberts expati¬
ated on the Neceftitv of Reftitution, and touch-
ed on feme Points which, he thought, might
awaken in fome, at leaft, of his Auditors, a Senfe
of Repentance.
On this Occafion, fome of them faid, he
fhould do well to preach a Sermon, and would c
make them a good Chaplain : Others faid, No ;
they wanted no Godlinefs to be preached there:
Pirate 1 God That Pirates bad no God but their Money , nor Sa-
eoJ Saviour. v;our but their Arms. To do them Juftice, how¬
ever, others approved of all he had faid, and
wilhed, that Godlinefs, or, at leaft, fome Hu¬
manity, were more in Pradice among them ;
which, they believed, would be more to their
Reputation ; and caufe a greater Efteem to be
had for them, both from God and Man. 1
After this a Silence followed, which Cap-
s tain Rujfel broke, by employing all his little So-
phiftry to perfuade Roberts , that the accepting of
any Thing from them, which they had taken
Verde Islands. 609
to retrieve bis prefent Lofs. Upon which, Cap- 1722.
tain Loe faid. Gentlemen , the Majler , I mu/l needs Rob- m.
fay, has /poke nothing but what is very rcafonable ; yvN?
and , I think , he ought to have his Sloop : What do h JecntJ bit
you fay , Gentlemen? The greater Part anfwercd,
Ay , Ay, by G — , let the poor A'lan have his Sloop
again , and go in God’s Name and feek a Living in
her for his Family. This put an End to the Dis¬
pute.
Towards Night, Rujfel would needs treat
him aboard the Schooner before parting, and
they palled the Time well enough till after Sup¬
per ; when, a Bowl of Punch and half a Dozen
of Claret being fet on the Table, the' Captain
took a Bumper, and drank Succefs to their Un¬
dertaking, which went round, Roberts not daring
to refufe it. Next Health Was Profperity to
Trade, meaning their own Trade. The third
Health was the King of France. After which,.
Rujfel began the K — of England’s Health ; fo
they all drank it ; fome faying, the K — of
England’s Health ; others, only the aforefaid
Health ; till it came to Roberts ; and Rujfel hav¬
ing emptied two Bottles of Claret into the Bowl,
as a Recruit, which Mixture Roberts had a great
Averfion to, begged Leave to pledge the Health
in a Bumper of Claret.
Hereupon Rujfel faid, D—^n you, you yW/Ruitcfj &<r.'
drink in your Turn a full Bumper of that Sort of ra2t>
Liquor the Company does. Well, Gentlemen, faid
1 Roberts, rather than have any Words, I will drink
it, though it is, in a Manner , Poifon to me. And,
d — n you, cried Rujfel again, if it be in a Man¬
ner , or out of a Manner , or really rank Poifon ,
you Jhall drink as much and as often as any one here ,
from others, could be no Crime in him, though mlefs you fall down dead, dead.
it might be one in them, fince he had no Hand
in the Capture, and was a conftrained Prifoner.
As to the Owner’s having ftill a Right; Suppofe
(continued he) we Jhould refolve to Jink or burn
So Roberts took the Glafs, which held about
three Quarters of a Pint, and, filling a Bumper,
faid, Gentlemen , here is the aforefaid Health : l That
Health is that , faid Rujfel ? JVhy, anfwered Ro~
Roberts
i favtuttJ.
her, unlefs you will accept of her: Now where, I e berts, the fame Health you all have drank, the
pray you , is the Owner’ s Property, when the Ship K — of England’* Health. . Says Rujfel, Who is
is funk or burnt ? I think, the Impojfibility of his
ever having her again cuts it off to all Intents and
Purpofes ; and our Power was the fame, notwith-
Jianding our giving her to you , if we had thought
fit to make ufe of it.
LOE and all the reft faid, they liked to hear
them argue, and that Roberts was a Match for
Rujfel ; although, it feems, lie could felJom meet
with a Man to ftand him : But the Author pufli-
ed the Matter no farther, feeing him begin to be
peevifh ; and cut all fhort, by faying, That ke
knew he was abfolutely in their Power , to difpofe
cf him as they pleafed ; but that having been hi¬
therto treated Jo generoufy by them, he couldyrfot
doubt of their future Goodnefs to him : That if they
would pleafe to give him his Sloop again, it was all
he requejled at their Hands ; and that he doubted
not, but , by his honejl Endeavours , he Jhould be able
Vol. I. N* XXX.
K — of England ? In my Opinion , fays Roberts, he
that wears the Crown is certainly K — , while he
keeps it. Well, fays the other, and who is that ?
JVhy , fays Roberts , K— George at prefent wears
it: Hereupon Rujfel, breaking out in the moft
outragious Manner, d — ned Roberts, and called
him rafcally Son of a B — , and fwore the Englijh
had no K— . Roberts faid, he admired he Jhould
begin and drink a Health to a Perfon who was not
in being. Upon which Rujfel whipped-out one of
his Piftols from his Salh, and would certainly
have ftiot him dead, if the Gunner had not
fnatched it out of his Hand : Upon which RuJJel
being more exafperated, and faying the Pretender
was lawful K — , he tried a fecond ; but the
Mafter ftriking it down, it went off without do¬
ing any Mifchief.
Upon this, high Words arofe betwixt RuJJel
4 I and
6 io
Voyages /o ^ Cape de Verde Islands.
Ruffe! dif. :
armed.
i 722. and the Gunner; who, addreffing bimfelf to the
Roberts, reft, faid, Well, Gentlemen, if you have a Mind
\ — maintain theje Laivs , made, ejlablifhed, and
‘ *‘i C(iu-’-er fa,6rn t° b all , as, I think , we are obligated, by
the fircngejl Ties of Rcafon and Self-Interejl to do,
J a'fj'ure you , my Opinion is, that we ought to fecure
John Ruffe], fo as io prevent his breaking our
Laivs and Confutations, &c. When Ruffel (dill
in a Paflion) would have defended his Conduct,
the Gunner told him, That they did not think pro¬
per he Jhould take any Alan s Life away in cold
Blood, or take the Liberty to attempt it, till he had,
by bis Reafons, fatisfied the Company, under wbofe
Protection all Pr if oners were ; and to fay the Truth,
(continued he) 1 do verily believe, you have no other
Rea fen, but that you were hindered from breaking
through the Articles a : Therefore I think it but Rea-
fon, to ufe fuel) Methods as may prevent your paf-
jionate Defign , and fecure the Prifoner till Alorn-
ing, that he may be then fent aboard the Commo¬
dore ; who, with the Advice of the Majority , may
order the Alalter as he thinks bef .
Th is was confented to by all; and Ruffel,
having his Arms taken from him, was ordered
not to offer the leaft Diflurbance again, nor con¬
cern himfelf with or about the Author, till after
he was aboard the Commodore, on Pain of the
Crew’s Difpleafure, and alfo of being profecuted
as a Mutineer. The Gunner told Roberts, they
would have put him aboard the Commodore that
Inftant, but for an exprefs Order among them,
to receive no Boats aboard after eight at Night,
or nine o’Clock at fartheft.
Next Morning, they carried him aboard
Captain Loe, and about four in the Afternoon
Ruffel came with Francis Spriggs, who commanded
the other Ship, and after a little while, told Loe ,
That the Mate of the Ship was willing to enter
with them a Volunteer. Upon this Loe afked. How
they Jhould do in that Cafe ? becaufe then the Mafler
of the Sloop will have no Body to help hint but one
Boy : For, fays he, the little Child is no Help at
all. Ruffel replied, he could not help that. But,
faid Loe, we mufl not take all the Hands from the
Matt jtint pQor Man, if we defign to give him his Sloop again :
ihcm. Adding, that he thought in Reafon there could not
be lefs than two Boys and the Mate. Z — ds, quoth
Ruffel, the Mate is a lufly, brisk, young Fellow,
and has been upon the Account before. Hereupon
he faid. That he was jufl come from on hoard the
Sloop ; and that the Mate, in Spriggs’* hearing,
declared , that he was fully refolved to go with
them, and not in the Sloop, unlefs forced ; and that
his Defign , when he came out of Barbadoes, was to
enter himfelf aboard the firfl Pirate he met with.
Befides , continued he, he told me, the firfi Day,
that he was refolved to enter with us.
R' berts’i
a LOE replied. That to give the Man his Sloop, 1722.
and no Hands to afffl him, was but putting him to Robtrti.
a lingering Death , and they had as good, almofl, v - *
knock him on the Head. Ruffel anfwered, As to
that, they might do as they pleafed ; what he fpoke
now, was for the Good of the whole Company, and
agreeable to the Articles ; and that he would fain
fee or hear the Man who fhould contradict him.
He faid, he was Quarter- Mafler of the whole
Company, and, by the Authority of his Place, he
b would enter the Mate direCily ; and had a Pijlcl
ready for any who Jhould oppofe him in it. Loe
faid, That , vnth regard to what was Law and
Cuflom among them, as he owned, what he now
pleaded was, he would neither oppofe nor argue
againjl ; but if they thought fit to take the Man’s
Mate from him, then they might let one of his Men
go with him.
RUSSEL anfwered, No. ; for that all the
Sloop’ s Aden were already enrolled in their Books,
c and therefore none of them Jhould go in her again.
Gentlemen, continued he, you mufl confider , Tam^nftc\'s
now arguing for the Good of the Company , as welDpucb.
as for the due Alaintenance and Execution of the
Laws and Articles : And as I am the proper Officer,
fubfituted and intrufled by this Company with Au¬
thority to execute the Jame ; fo, as 1 told you be¬
fore, I have a Piflol and a Brace of Balls ready, •
for any one who dare oppofe me herein : And, turn¬
ing to Roberts , he faid, Mafer, the Company
d have decreed you your Sloop, and you fhall have her :
You Jhall have your two Boys , and that’s all : Yow
fhall have neither Provifions nor any Thing elfe more
than as fhe is now. And I hear fame of the Com¬
pany defign to make a Gathering for you ; but that
alfo I forbid, by the Authority of my Place, becaufe
ive are not certain but we may have Occafion our-
felves for thofc very Things before we get more ; for
that Reafon I prohibit a Gathering: And 1 fwearT
by all that’s great and good, that if I know any
e Thing whatever carried or left on board the Ship,
againjl my Order , or without my Knowledge , that
very Infant I will fet her on Fire, and you in
her.
They bandied this Matter a little longer ; but/* gambit
in the End, Ruffel, by Dint of hardened Villany, *««<•
and ftern Refolution, carried his Point, and about
Dufk they parted, each to his own Ship, feveral
profelling a Kindnefs to Roberts , but none giving
him a Farthing ; and, he fuppofed, by Ruffe! s
f Words; for, otherwife, this Generofity is very
ufual with them.
RUSSEL being ready, Roberts was directed
go in his Boat ; and as foon as they came
to
aboard, he ordered a Supper. In the mean Time,
the Bowl and Bottle, with Pipes and Tobac¬
co, being fet on the Table, he invited Roberts
* Viz. Forcing Roberts along with them, though a married Man,
and
Voyages Cape d e Verde Islands.
6 1 1
Malice ti
Roberts.
1722. and all his own Officers, into the Cabin; he a their Mafter has made them as religious and confci- 1722.
Roberts, there told him, he was very welcome , and bid him entious as himfelf. However , Mafler , faid Rujfel, Roberts.
s eat and drink heartily: For , fays he, you have as ((peaking to the Author) I would have you eat and'~~~'rmmm*
tedious a Voyage to go through , as was Elijah’* drink heartily, and talk no more about changing your
forty Days 'Journey to Mount Horeb ; and , as far allotted Fate ; becaufe , as I told you before, it is
as I know , without a Miracle , it mujl be only by all in vain ; befides , it may be a Means of Pro -
the Strength of what you eat now ; for you J hall vocation to ferve you worfe. Gentlemen , fays Ro-
have neither Eatables nor Drinkables with you in berts, I have done : Ton can do no more than what God
the Sloop. is pleafed to permit you ; and I own , for that Rea-
RO B E RTS faiJ, he hoped not fo : The other fan , 1 ought to take it patiently. Well, well , fays
rapt out a great Oath, that he fisould find it cer- b Rujfel , if it may be done , by God's Pcrmijfion , you
tainly true. I told him, (fays the Author) That need not fear he luill permit any Harm to befal
rather than be put on board the Sloop in that Man- fo good a Man as you are.
tier , where there was no Pojfibility to efcape pertjh- About ten, at Night, he ordered to call the Strips >'bt
ing , without a Miracle , I Jhould be glad to be put Sloop’s Boat, which was brought by feme of the6^*
ajhore , either on the IJland , or in the Coafi of Gui- Pirates of his own Clan, who were ftationed on
nea ; or I would even Jubniit to tarry on board till board of her; and afked them, If they had cleared
an Opportunity offered to Jet me ajhore where they the Sloop of every Thing , as he had ordered them ?
pleafed \ or would yield to any Thing elfe they Jhould Yes , faid they, with an Oath, Jhe has nothing on
think fit to do with me, except entering into their board except Ballaft and iVater. Z — ds, faid Ruf-
Service. He replied, That it was once in your c fel , Did not I bid you fiave all the Casks that had
Power to have been your own Friend-, but as you IVater in them on board? So We have, faid they;
J lighted our profered Favours , and have made this but the IVater , we fpeak of, is Salt -Water , leaked
your Choice, (which, fays Roberts, was an egregi- in by the Vejfel, and is now above the Ballajl ; for
ous Falfehood, but I durft not tell him fo) you mujl we have not pumped her we don't know when,
now take it, having rendered yourf elf incapable of Quoth RUSSEL, Have you brought away
any other ; therefore all Apologies are to no Purpofe ; the Sails I told you of? They faid, All but the
and, I think, in this , (continued he) that 1 Jbew Mainfail that was bent ; for the other old Mainfail,
myfelf more your Friend than you could well expeCf, you ordered to be left, is good for nothing, but to be
or, indeed, have deferved at my Hands , having cut up for Parceling , and hardly for that, it is fo
caufed me io have a great deal of Difference zvith d rotten ; befides, it is torn fo, it cannot be brought
the Company, more than ever I had in my Life be- to, and is pajl mending ; for that Reafon zue let it
fore, or Jhall have again , I hope. lie , and zvould not unbend the other Mainfail.
It inexorable. RO B E RTS having pleaded Want of De- Z — DS, faid Rujfel, zue mujl have it, for IDrol!
fign, as he had done on other Occafions, begged want it to make us a Mainfail. D — n it, faid the JJ"rcs‘
of him , and all the Gentlemen then p>ejent, to con - Men, then you mujl turn the Alan adrift in the
fider him rather as an ObjcCl of their Pity than Re- Sloop without a Mainfail. Ptfi), faid Rujfel, the
venge. But R.ujfel anfwered. All your Arguments fame miraculous Power , that is to bring him Provi-
and Perfuafions are now in vain , it being too late : Jims, can alfo bring him a Sail. What a Devil,
You have not only refufed our Commiferation, when is he a Conjurer? fays one of them. No, no, fays
it^was offered, but ungratefully defpijed it : Your e Rujfel, but he experts Miracles to be zvrought for
Lot is cajl, and you have nothing now more to do, him, or he never zvould have chofen what he has.
but go through with your Chance as well as you can-, Nay , nay, faid they, if he be fuch a one, he'll do
and fill your Belly zvith good Victuals , and good well enough: But I doubt, fays one of them, be
Drink, to Jlrengthen yourfelf to hold it out as long zvill fall floor t of his Expectation ; for if he be fuch
as you can : It may be, and it is very probable to a mighty Conjurer, how the Devil was it, that he
be the lafi Meal you may cat in this World : Yet, did not conjure himfelf clear of us ? Pijh , fays
perhaps, fuch a confci entious Man, as you would fain another, may be his Conjuring- Books zvere font up.
feem, or, it may be, are , may have a Jupernatural , Ay, fays a third, now zve have hove all his Conju-
or, at leaf, a natural Means, wrought by a juper- ration -Books overboard, I doubt , he will be hard
natural Power, in a miraculous Manner , to deliver f put to' t to find 'em again.
you. However, I can t fay, but I pity the two Thus they went drolling-on, and making their^W^
Boys, and have a great Mind to take them on board , Game of Roberts, only the Gunner feemed to hat Ebe'Gk,:,:er‘
His bluer
Sneers.
and let the miraculous Deliverance be wrought on
you alone.
The Mafter and Gunner faid they heard the
Boys fay, they were willing to take their Chance
with their Mafter, let it be what it would. Nay
then , fays Rujfel, it's fit they Jhould. I fuppoje,
e.
fome Remains of Humanity ; and, anions other
Things, bid Rujfel take Care he had not this to an-
fwer for one Day, when, perhaps, he might wifh
he had never done it. But you have got the Com¬
pany's Affent, (continued he) I can't tell how, and
therefore fioall fay no more , only that I, and, I be¬
ts lieve ,
6 12
1 722.
Robctf.
Voyages to the Cape d e Verde Islands.
R.->h?' Is
a-iujt.
but gave Orders
CbiraFur
> be Mate.
lieve, mojl of the Company came here to get Money ,
but not to kill , except in Fight , much lefs in cold
1 Blood , for private Revenge. And , / /r// yst/,
fays he, Ruffe/, if ever fuch Cafes as thefe
be ary more pr alii fed, my Endeavour fall be to
leave this Company as foon as I pofjibly can
RUSSEL made no Anfwer,
to have the Mate and Mainlail brought away
from the Sloop ; and then told Roberts , he would
fet give him fomething to remember him ; which
was an old Mufket, and a Cartridge of Powder,
and two half Pound Papers of Tobacco ; after
which, with great Ceremony, he was conduced
over the Side into his own Boat, (which was
there ready) and directly put off; and meeting
the Schooner’s Boat about half way 8 between
the two Veflels, according to Rvffel's Orders,
they took their own Hands out, and put his Boy,
whom they brought with them, on board him ;
and fo made for the Schooner.
After their Boat was put away from them,
Roberts thought he heard his Mate?s Voice; and,
calling to him, faid, Arthur , what are you going
to leave me? He anfwered, Ay. What , faid Ro¬
berts , do you do it voluntarily , or are you forced?
Pie anfwered, faintly, I am forced , I think. I
laid, divas very well. He called to me again,
and faid, he would defir e me to write to his Bro¬
ther, and give him an Account where he was, if
ever I Jhould have an Opportunity. I told him, I
did not know where bis Brother lived. He faid,
he lived in Carlingford. Where is that ? faid I.
He anfwered, in Ireland. How’s this? faid I.
Tou told me, in Barbadoes, pou was a Scotchman,
and that all your Friends lived in Scotland. But
he made no Anfwer; and rowing each a diffe¬
rent Way, in a very dark, clofe Night, he foon
loft Sight of them : This being the laft Time he
fpoke to or faw any of them : Nor do I ever
more, fays he, defire to fee them, except at fome
Place of Execution.
r He (hipped this Mate at Barbadoes, who told
J him then, he had been Mate of a New England
Sloop, but being (hipwrecked, loft every Thing;
and, indeed, was almoft naked when Roberts
firft met with him. However, he believed, the
fellow was not in Debt, becaufe he himfelf was
never troubled on that Account, as the Cuftom
is on that Ifland ; where they oblige the Debtor
to affign over his Wages to the Mafter, with a
Power, to pay the Debt ; otherwife, they will
not fuffer him to go oft' the Bland.
RO B E RTS bought this Man Cloaths, and
fnftruments, with, fuch Neceffaries as were abfo-
lutely requifite for the Voyage. He obferved
nothing in him tending to the common Vices of
Sea- faring Men, efpecially thofe who have fre-
a quented thofe Parts, as, Swearing, Drunkennefe, 1722,
Debauchery, Gfc. He was a pretended rigid Robert*.
Presbyterian , and feemed mighty averfe to the'*— *v'——
Church of England, as by Law eftablifhed ; about
which, they had feveral Arguments. He did not
remember to have heard him fwear all the Time
he was with him ; and yet his biggeft Boy told
him, that after this very Mate had acquainted
the Pirates with his Refolution, (or rather, re¬
turned to be a Pirate again) he became worfe
b than the moft profligate of them, in the Fre¬
quency and Horriblenefs of his Oaths ; and
that he was almoft conftantly drunk while on
board the Sloop, after the Pirates had taken him.
I wonder, faid the Boy, that Mr. Hunter (that
was the Mate’s NameJ (hould be fo barbarous as
to leave you in this Extremity, as fome of the
Pirates on board told me ; for he had acquainted
them, how kind you had been to him ; and
they refufed at ftrft to enter him; and be-
c lieved, they would not have admitted him, if it
had not been for Ruffel.
SECT. IV.
Roberts reviews his Sloop : His Dijlrefs. Expla¬
nation of a Catskin Wind. A Breeze and a
Gale. A fwingeing Shark taken by Roberts and
his Boy. The Pirates Rout. He anchors at
Currifal. Driven to Puttakko. Negros come to
d his Aid. Defert him again. Their Superjlition.
Some concealed aboard. Steer for St. Philip’*.
Come to St. John’*. Punta de Sal. Cunning of
the Negros. He weathers the Point. Bay of
Punta de Sal.
NEXT Morning, the thirtieth of Otlober, Rtviewi lit
at Break of Day, they went to rummage
the Sloop. Firft, fweeping all the Bread-Lochers
out, he got near his Hat-Crown full of Duft and
e Crumbs of Bifket : In another, he found four or
five Hands of Tobacco, with as many (hort broken
Pipes. They had befldes left his Foreftaffb, but
with the Thirty-crofs only : Likewife his Bedding,
which was ufelefs to them ; all but the Captain,
Mafter, Steward, and Gunner, kenneling like.
Hounds upon Deck, or where they could.
In the Hold, there was ten Gallons of Rum
left in one Hogfliead, and thirty Pound of Rice
in another, with a fmall Remnant of Flour in
f the Bottom of the Flour-Calk; but all • the Wa¬
ter they could drain from the Calk did not make
above three Pints.
In the next Place, looking at his Sails, he
found the fame Jib that was bent, and old Fore¬
fail, and the old rent rotten Mainfail above-
mentioned ; which however, lighting in their
3 This Exattnefs was managed by a Signal from the. Schooner, .
a Star.
k A Sea-InUrument for taking the Altitude
Search
Voyages to the Cape
j^-22. Search upon fix Needles, with fome Twine, and a
Roberts.' a Couple of Pawms, they went to work upon ;
but for Want of Stuff, cut off the firft Reef to
mend the reft as far as it would go, tabling down
the Foot, and fewing the Bolt-Rope. By good
Luck, they alfo found fome old Canvafs in the
Mate’s Cabin, which helped out a little.
UitDjhtf:. This held them three Days, living all the
Time upon raw Flour, or Rice, with a Dram
of Rum, and faved their little Stock of Water
to make Cakes with, of which they baked four 1
little ones, and the fourth Day divided one
among them, which, with a Dram of Rum,
was the beft Meal Roberts had made lince he left
the Pirates. Another Time, he made a kind of
Pap, which was very comfortable. November the
third — This Night he took, with his Foreftaff,
two Obfervations, one from the North Star, the
other from the Cock’s-Foot, and found himfelf
in feventeen Degrees North Latitude ; and the
Mafter of the Schooner told him at parting, they
were about fixty-five or feventy Leagues Faft by
South half Eaft from St. Anthony.
Upon this, fleering as well as he could for the
Cape de Verde Ifiands, and chiefly St. Nicholas ,
he found himfelf, on the feventh of Noveniber,
by Obfervation, in Latitude fixteen Degrees fifty-
fix Minutes North, about forty-fix Leagues, by
Computation, off St. Anthony ; and the Night
following, having a fmart Shower of Rain, they
faved about a Gallon of Water. Being becalm¬
ed fome Days, the Author takes this Opportunity,
for the Sake of fuch of his Readers, as are not
acquainted with the Sea Language, to give the
following Definitions of a Catfkin, Breeze, and
Gale. *
a Caijlin The firft, he tells us, are light Airs of Winds,
iV'nd. not fpreading, perhaps, above half a Mile, or
fome of them not more than an Acre upon the
Water. Some, perhaps, reaching you, but dying
away before you can fet your Sails, or get your
Vefiel with her Head the right Way : Others dy¬
ing away before they reach you ; while fome,
coming-up, do but juft pafs you. Thefe differ
L Srttze. from a Breeze, which fpreads or blows all over
beyond what your Sight can reach, at leaft on
one Side ; both being however foft Winds, run¬
ning on the Face of the Sea mod commonly af¬
ter, or in, a Calm ; making, as it were, a gentle
T repidation or Curling on the Surface of the Sea ;
and fo giving the Part they ftrike upon a different
Hue or Afpedl : Infomuch, that you may fee them
at a confiderable Diftance before they reach you.
4 Galt. Both thefe differ from a Gale in the Strength cf
the latter ; for a Breeze , by blowing conftant',
and a little brifk, lofes its Name, and is called
a Gale of Wind , which is diftinguiflied into
moderate, hard, or taught, i. e. tight, in Propor¬
tion to its Strength.
5
de Verde Islands, 613
The tenth, there fprung-up a moderate Gale, 1722.
which holding till the fixteenth, about ten that Roberts.
Morning, they faw St. Anthony , which bore Eaft
half a Point Northerly about eighteen or nine¬
teen Leagues diftant by Judgment. It falling
Calm, in the Afternoon they catched a fwingeing^/^MS''rIT
Shark; which, with others, fwimming clofe along- a’
fide, almoft even with the Surface, he made faft
fome Rags of divers Colours to the End of a
Rope, as a Bait, and ordered the Boy to play it
to decoy the Fifb, whilft he prepared a Noofe,
with a running Bow-line Knot : This he kept
open with his Left-hand, lowering the under Part
two or three Foot in the Water, and held the
other End of the Rope with his Right. It fuo-
ceeded according to his Defire, for the Shark en¬
deavouring to fnatch the Bait, entered her Head
through the Snare ; but Roberts being over eager,
with a fudden Jerk jammed the Noofe clofe, be¬
fore the Neck-Fins were got through, and haul¬
ing the Head above Water as high as he could-,
in two or three Plunges, file got loofe sgain*-
and darted away, with the other Sharks after her,,
they thinking, perhaps, ftie had got fome Prize.
However, while he was blaming himfelf for
this Efcape, thofe Devourers appeared again ;
and having fettled his Tackle once more, the
fame Shark, as he judged, made at the Bait, yet
fhunned the Snare. She continued playing about
it for near three Quarters of an Hour, and then
darted at it with fuch Swiftnefs, as if (lie had a
Defign either to pafs the Noofe, or make fure of
the Bait, which Ihe had been deluded with fo
long. But the Author, grown more wary and
dextrous by his former Overfight, let her enter
far enough, and then jerking the Rope, hauled
her Head with a Quarter of her Body above
Water, and fo let her hang to tire berfelf by-
beating againft the Vefiel, which Ihe did now
and then pretty hard.
In about an Hour, Ihe began to be pretty quiet*
now and then flouncing, but very weak and faint. *
Thinking he might venture to take her in, he
hauled her Tail above Water with another Noofe :
She lay as if dead for three or four Minutes, and
then began to ftrike fo hard with her Tail, that
at every Stroke, the Vefiel Ihook. Fearing it
would do Harm, he let the Tail down again, and
by a Tackle hoifted her up till not above a Foot'
and an half of the Tail was underWater. Thus
■ he let her hang till Ihe feemed almoft dead, and
then with Tackle to Head and Tail got her on
Deck. Hete fhe began again to ftrike fo hard
with her Tail, as if Ihe would have beat it
down : But he put a Stop to it, by cutting off
about a Foot of her Tail Part, in which lies moll
of this Filh’s Strength. She then lav pretty quiet*
and the Author put the End of a Boot-Nook Staff
into her Mouth, which fire crulhed to Splinters
with-*
6 1 4
Voyages to the Cape de Verde Islands.
1 722,
RnbsrtS.
The Pirates
Rout,
with as much Eafe as a Man could fqueeze an
Egg-Shell. She was above eleven foot and an half
long, and three hundred Weight by Eftimation.
On cutting her open, he found five young ones
in the Belly all alive, each about the Bignefs of
a fmall Whiting. Her Liver was not of a blackifh
Red as ufual, but of a fair grey Colour. Pre-
fently ftriking a Light with Ruffel’s Gun, they
fet on the Pot with Sea-Water, and boiling this
Fifh, made a very hearty Meal of it ; but having
no Sait, he cut the reft into long thin Slices, and
dried them in the Sun. This Gun he thought
at iirft an ufelefs Prefent, and only accepted it,
becaufe he durft do no otherwife; but having
neither Tinder-Bcx nor Steel left him, it would
have been imnoflible for him to get Fire without
it. And having no Candle, he made ufe of a
live Coal to difcern the Compafs, fo as to fet the
Ship’s Head the right Way.
While the Author was among the Pirates,
he fiihed out the Rout they intended to take,
though they kept it very fecret ; which was, to
go dire&ly for the Coaft of Guinea , and fetch
as far to Windward as they could, and then to
cruize along that Coaft after which, to ftretch
over on the Coaft of Brafil , where they pro-
mifed themfelves Mountains of Tieafure : From
thence, along the Coaft of Guinea , and fo down
among the Iflands ; and to be, on the latter End
of the Spring, on the Coaft of North America ,
viz. Carolina , Virginia , New York, New England , 1
and fo, by the Summer, to be on the Coaft of
Newfoundland.
The feventeenth, St. Anthony bore South by
Weft about eight Leagues diftant. This Morn¬
ing they broiled fome of the Fifh for Breakfaft,
which made them all very dry ; but then they
had a good Stock of Water, and ventured to
drink a little : And for Dinner, Roberts fet on
the Pot with fome frefli Water, and a little Rice,
which, being boiled a little foft, he thickened
with Flour, and then put in a Piece of the
Shark’s Liver fhred fmall, which foon diflolved
almoft all to Oil, as moft Fifh Livers do : This
ferved them inftead of Butter to their Hafty Pud¬
ding, called Pap by the Sailors. They made a
very hearty Meal, and it relifhed much better for
being in Sight of Land. The nineteenth of No¬
vember, in the Morning, they faw St. Anthony ,
St. Vincent , St. Lucia, 'Terra Branca, and the
Monte Guarde, the higheft Mountain of St. Ni¬
cholas, which may be feen from any Side of the
Illand, in the Form of a flattifh topped Sugar-
iu ar.,l;,\at Loaf; and the twentieth, thev came to an An-
Cuuifa!. c}lor at Currifal in ftxteen Fathom, about a
Quarter of a Mile oft Shore. After he had Hew¬
ed his Sails, he went in the Boat to get in the
End of his Cable, which the Pirates had dipped,
2
a having difeerned it and the Buoy on the Anchor 1JZ2
before he anchored. For this Purpofe he took a Robot
Quoil or two of fmall Rope in the Boat to faften’— *v
one End to the Cable, and bringing the other
aboard, to haul the Cable with it, and fo ride
moored till he moved from thence : But Night
coming-on, he was forced to come aboard with¬
out finifhing his Delign.
Then Potter begging to fcull the Boat afhore
to fetch a Cag of Water, he gave him Leave ;
b and prefently after, being quite faint for want of
Reft, he went down, firft ordering the Boy to
keep a good Look out for Potter’s Return, and
fell faft afteep: He waked in a Surprife, and call- Driven t*
ed to the little Boy, who not anfwering, he went Putuklc(
up, and found him faft afleep in the Gangway,
and looking about, could but juft fee the Iftand.
It was now about Midnight, and he was not a
little furprifed to fee himfelf again expofed to the
Sea, and in a worfe Condition than before, being
c himfelf faint through Wearinefs, and having loft
his only Help-mate : However, with a great deal
of Fatigue, he got into a Tandy Bay, called Put-
takko by the Natives, where he anchored the
twenty-fecond of November in fix Fathom clear
Tandy Ground.
About Sun-fet, feven Blacks came from Pa-
raghifi, and brought two ten Gallon Calks of
Water ; faying, they were Homo's de Mare , (or
Seamen) and fent by the Prieft and Governor to
1 help him ; alluring him, “ He might get up to Negraco*
4 Paraghifi as foon as the Windward Current tohilAli
4 was made, which would be in about an Hour’s
4 Time ; and when he talked of flaying for his
4 Boy from Currifal with his Boat, they told
4 him, that could not be this Fortnight at leaft,
the Wind being fet in a ftrong Trade. The
Blacks prevailing, againft his Judgment, thev
heaved Anchor about eight o’Clock in a mo¬
derate Gale ; but the Wind increafing, they
flood along Shore, and off" withal, till they
reckoned to be abreaft of a Place called Porto
Gavy, and then putting her aftays, the Main-
fail fplit fo in the Staying, that he was forced
to lower it down, for fear it Ihould be torn all
to Pieces ; which fo daunted them, that they
were refolved to quit the Sloop, and take to
their Boat > telling him, he had better go with
them.”
ROBERTS ufed all the Arguments he could Deft hi*
think of to divert them from this Refolution
reprefenting, on one Hand, the Inhumanity it
would be to leave him thus without any Help at
all ; and, on the other Side, fetting before them
the Danger of fuch a Fool-hardy Enterprize to
themfelves: But it was all in vain; they faid,
44 Their Chance could be no better if they ftaid
44 in a leaky Sloop without Sails, Water,* Pro-
44 vifions.
Voyages to the Cape
1722. “ vifions, &c. and often repeated, that it would a
Robert?. “ be better for them to perifh in Sight of their
Homes, than in a ftrange Place.
“ Besides, Paid one of them, if you fhould
“ get to any Land, you would want for nothing*
“ but we mull expe£l to be killed ; or, at leaft,
“ made Slaves during our Lives, which would
** be worfe than Death itfelf ; and therefore, con-
« tinued he, I am refolved, come what will, to
“ truft myfelf to the Boat and St. Anthony , and
“ doubt not but he will prevail with God to carry b
“ me fafe. So, fays he to the reft, let us be gOne ;
“ and moreover make a Vow to St. Anthony ,
« that if he will bring us fafe to our Homes, we
“ will join and pay for a Mijfa Cantada , or Sung
“ Mofs , in his Church, the firft Sunday after our
7 tcrSuptr- it Arrival. Let us alfo give the BlelTed Virgin
Um.n. ct Mary, the M-th-r of G-d, a Sung Mafs in
“ her Chapel, that fhe may command her Son
“ to affift St. Anthony in conducing us fafe a-
“ fiiore.” c
Now you muft know, fays the Author, there
is a vaft Difference betwixt a Mafs fung, and a
Mafs faid, (that is, a common Mafs) as well in
Price as Efficacy ; it being, as thofe People ima¬
gine, the Way of the Church of Rome, to raife
their Prices in Proportion to the pretended Merit
or Efficacy of the Thing. The Mijfa Cantada
is fung by the Prieft and whole Choir by Note, and
in this Illand there are very few Males but what
I are taught ; though the Author did not remem- d
ber, that he ever heard the Females learned to
fing. They are taught by the head Singer, ftiled
Maejlre Mufica. This Mijfa Cantada cofts ten
Tejloons ; that is, between five and fix Shillings,
which is given the Prieft ; who, out of that, pays
the Singers : But a faid Mafs, called fimply, Mijfa ,
(which is a Mafs without any extraordinary Ce¬
remony or Attendance) is only two Tejloons : So
that its Efficacy, in Proportion to that of a Mijfa
Cantada , is only as one to five. Hence it is e
reckoned almoft fcandalous for any but the poorer
Sort to have a faid Mafs, either for the Living, or
the Dead. There is hardly a more gainful Branch
of their Trade than this of finging and faying
Maffes. v
Upon the Blacks leaving him, the Author was
at a Lofs what Courfe to take, guefung he fhould
not be able to fetch the Ifie of May , or St. Jago ,
and was then utterly unacquainted with St. Phi¬
lip's and St. John's ; and befides, had no Heart f
to fteer for either, the Sea Draughts giving a very
imperfedl Defcription of them, and the W ag-
goners and Pilots of thofe Parts being every whit
as much or more defective, making them both
to be very dangerous: But he found aftewards
molt of their Accounts to be falfe.
de Verde Islands. 675
Next Morning he faw, Eaft North-Eaft 1722.
from him. Terra Vermilia , or Punta de Fer Roberta
Milharee , as it is called by the Inhabitants; and
next Day, in the Afternoon, to his great Surprife, \jlaboatd!~
he heard the Voice of Men in the Hold, and
looking down the Hatch-way, faw three Blacks,
who called to him, and afked, “ If he was at
“ Anchor? He told them, No, at Sea, and out
“of Sight of Land; but was in Hopes he fhould
“ fetch St. jago. At which they feemed rejoiced,
“ and got upon Deck, and one of them, called
“ Nicolau Verde , faid, he was very well acquainted
“ at St. Jago , St. Philip's , and St. John's ; of
“ which he gave Proofs, and faid, he could di-
“ reel him to any Harbour in either of them :
“ That St. Philip was a plentiful Bland, but had
“ bad Riding, the Sea ran fo high ; but that at
“ St. John’s , there was a very good Harbour,
“ which he was fure he could diredl him fafely
“ to. They all faid, they were forry their Com-
“ rades went away and left him, after they had
“drank off his Rum ; though, bv the bye, the
“ chief Caufe of their flaying behind, was their
“ having drank in the Hold, till they fell dead
“ drunk. Though now they pretended it was
“ out of pure Love and Relpedl to Roberts , and
“ that they would never leave him.”
After he had got his Main-Sail up, he Steer for St,,
fleered diredlly for the North Point of St. Phi- Philip’:.
lip's ; and at Day-Break, doubling the Point,
he haled more Southerly along the Coaft, till he
came abreft the Ghors a.‘ Then feeing the Bland of
St. John's , he fleered diredlly for it, and as foon as
he made the little Blands, he fleered (by the Di-
re&ion of his Pilot Nicolau) to the Eaftermoft of
them, which is the higheft,. and fo ran, keeping
it a little open on the Star-board Bow, till within
half a League of the Eaft End, and then kept
along the Bland till they were abreaft of the
Weft End, which has a high, rocky Point, al¬
moft like a Sugar-Loaf, with the Top broke oft',
not flat, but a little rounding. When they were
got abreaft of this, they fleered for the North-
Eaft Point of St. John's , by the Natives called
Ghelungo , which bears from the Weft Point of
the Eaftwardmoft of the little Blands about South-
Weft by South, diftant near two Leagues,
Then Roberts began to afk Nicolau his Pilot C« to St,
whereabout the Harbour was, and found, to his J3hn’s-
great Surprife, by fhewing every new Place they
came-up with for it, that he knew nothing of it.
However, Nicolau faying he was fure they were
not palled it, they kept along the Bland, and at
laft difeovered the Harbour, but not till they were
got to Leeward of it ; for, fays the Author, it
lying round a Point, and turning-up to Wind¬
ward, you cannot perceive its Opening till you
» The Ghors. a Part of St. Philip called fo.
6 1 6
Voyages to the Cape d e Verde Islands.
1722.
Roberts.
fPunta d;
S«j.
arc paft: it; and under the Land, the Wind is
always light, though it blows never fo hard a
'Trade in the Offing ; which makes a fhort popling
Sea : So that, in a light Wind, it is very difficult
for any Vefiel to turn-up under the Shore ; be-
fides, they perceived a ftrong Lee Current, which
drove them down to Leeward apace.
Upon this Roberts a Heed Nicolau, If there was
no Place to Leeward that he might anchor at. The
Negro faid, No ; and that if he did not put the
Sloop afnore before he drove to Leeward of Punta
de Sal, he would not be able to do it at all , and they
mujl all certainly perijh. Roberts afked him, JVhat
he ivould advife him to do: ' He faid. He would
have him run the Sloop upon the Rocks , and let
every one make his Efcape as he could. Roberts told
him, neither he nor the Boy could fivim. His An-
fwer was, That ftnee they were got fo nigh the Shore ,
he could fee, lie did not know but the Land 1722.
might reach away on the other Side of it, fo Robert*,
that he fhould not be able to haul in with it:k/"V“VJ
Alfo obferving it to be a fmooth, fteep Rock, but
poflible, however, to be climbed ; and knowing
generally fuch Sort of Rocks are fteep to theWater,
his Intention was, if nothing elfe could be done,
to fleer-up to the Rock, fo that the Boy and he
might jump afhore, fince to drive to Sea, as they
now were, if he could anyWays avoid it, would
be too great a Prefumption.
But as foon as he opened the Land on the
other Side of the Point, he difeovered a fmall,
deep, little Bay, and luffing-in about it, hove his Bay f Pun*
Lead, which he had ready, and found thirteen de Sat.
Fathom, the next Caft twelve ; the Northern
Current (which fets into the Bay, and round the
Point) being made, helped to check him in main-
if he did not put the Sloop aground , they coidd and ly. Then he had ten, next nine, on which he
Cock-billed his Anchor, and let go in eight Fa¬
thom, even, clear Bottom, though the Shore
cCunring of
.0 be Negros.
Pte voearbers
.|ta Point.
would whether he gave them Leave or not. Upon
which Robers faying, he had a Gun ready loaden c
for any who fhould offer to do any thing aboard his
Veffcl againfl his JVill, Nicolau immediately jump¬
ed over-board, faying, He wifhed him well , and
the rejl with him ; but that he would endeavour
not to perijh himfelf ; and fo fwam afhore. The
others faid, they could not fwim well , and dared
not venture ; but that if they could , they would not
leave him till he could fecure himfelf: However , they
hoped he did not defgn to carry them to Sea without
any Water or Provifon. He told them, he intend - d
ed to go no farther than to find a convenient Place
to anchor , or run her afore in. They replied, Ni¬
colau informed him there was no doing that after he
had pajl the Point : To this he anfwered, That
Nicolau knew nothing of the Matter, as them/, 'elves
might perceive, and that , had he known it, he might
have been fafe moored , and perhaps enabled to fet
them afhore again at St. Nicholas.
At this, they began bitterly to curfe Nicolau,
and vvifh that he might be drowned before he got e
.alhore, or break his Neck down the Rocks in climb¬
ing up. Roberts told them/ he was in Hopes yet
-of getting them fafe to land, provided they would
pump theWater out of the Sloop : But they told
him flat and plain, that they would neither pump,
nor do any thing elfe, till they faw themfelves
fafe at Anchor, and then they would do any
thing he defired 1 ; making bitter Imprecations
never to leave him as Nicolau had done.
ROBERTS ran down alongShore, and hauled
to Pur, to de Sal fo near, that about the
Point a Man might almoft have jumped afliore. His
Reafon for venturing fo nigh thefe Rocks, with¬
in c
out being acquainted with them, was, that this
Point being the Leevvardmoft Land of the Ifland
looked ragged, which generally denotes foul
Ground. The Blacks prefently went over-board,
and fwam afhore.
SECT. V.
Natives cfme aboard : Their good Nature : Simple
Talk. Cotton here. Notion of Witchcraft. Ro-
mifti Converts. Learning , and Language. Signs
of bad Weather : A Storm. The Sloop wrecked. •
The Oven Harbour. Blacks , their Simplicity.
Save the Wreck. Governor s Meffage. Covetous
Priejls. Meets with a Welchman. Frank-
lin’r Adventures : He efcapes to a Negro King : Is
protested by him : Sent up the Country. Odd
Notions of the Inhabitants. His "Journey within
Land. The Blacks Stratagem. Natives of St.
John's ; piqued at Franklin. Their gentle Tem¬
per. See their Pricffs Vices, yet believe what he
1 teaches.
AS foon as it was Day, three of the Inhabi- Natives
tants came down to the Sea-Side, and hailing^*
the bioop, went aboard. They were very civil
to him, offered to get him Water, and drefs him
a Pompion, if he would go afhore : He told
them, he could not fwim. They much admyred
that a Man fhould venture to Sea without know¬
ing how to fwim: He told them, abundance of
f his Countrymen could not, and that Swimming
was not fo common among the Englifo , as it was
amongft them. They faid it was very flrange
that we, ufing the Sea more than any Nation,
yea even more than the Portugueze, who had
taught all the World to be Sailors, as they were
* This, doabtlefs, was their Cunning ; fearing, that if the Ship was dry, Roberts would carry them to Sea ;
.whereas the .Danger of linking would oblige him .-to put in there.
informed.
Voyages to the Capi
1^2 2. informed, fhould not pra&ife Swimming : That,
Roberts, for their Parts, they accuflomed themfelves to it
W-Y— — ’ from their Infancy, even the Women, faying,
they fnould not venture down upon the Rocks to
hih, unlefs they could fwim, for fear they fhould
at any Time fall into the Sea, in which Cafe
they mud needs be drowned.
Tlrrgtcd The Negros having brought him two Cala-
Noture, bafhes of Water, holding about fix Quarts, Ro¬
berts offered to drefs fome of his dried Shark for
them : But on Sight of it, they faid they took it
to be the Fifh called Sarde ; and afked, if it
would fei'ze and devour a human Creature. Ro¬
berts telling them it would, they, without any
more ado, tolled it all over-board, and faid, they
thought no Man of any Nation would eat a Filh
that fed upon human Flelh ; but efpecially the
Englijh , whom they took to be the niceff and
cleanlieft People in the World. However, they
pumped the Veffel dry for him, and he gave them
each a fmall Dram of Rum ; telling them, he
had only a little left by the Pirates unwittingly at
the Bottom of a Calk, and wilhed he had more
of it for their Sakes.
They thanked him and faid, they would ra¬
ther he would keep it for himfelf, lince, as he
was ufed to it, he might want it the more ; but
as for their Parts, they had never tailed any Aqua
Ardenta a before, although they mult own it was
Tbeirfmplt the bell Liquor they had ever met with; yet
Tali. Water being their only Drink, was more natural
to them : But there were fome among them, they
faid, who knew it well enough. They had heard
it related, that a certain Pirate, called Maringwin ,
a Frenchman , (which Country they did not know
but might be in England) having landed in this
Ifland, had abundance of that llrong Water, and
was very free of it among the Blacks ; who,
drinking it plentifully, for want of being ufed to
it, went mad for fome Time. Some alio falling
Tick, died of mad Fevers. Notwithllanding this,
many now upon the Illand were almoll every
Dav wilhing, that a Pirate would come and
take them with him to fome Country where they
might have enough of that hot Liquor to drink.
C ettm lere. The Author alking if they had good Store of
Cotton in the Illand, they faid there was enough,
though not fo plenty as it had been, for want of
Rain ; but Hill there was more by one half than
they gathered : That there were few or none
without Cotton Cloths ; but no Ships coming to
buy, they made onlv tor their own Ufe : T hat
fome Women had fix or eight, but they wore
them fo feldom, that a Cloth would lalt fome
Years : And that any Body would give him fome
Cotton-Thread tomendhisSails. Buthe told them,
he would buy : For, fays he, I had fome Glafs
de Verde Islands. 617
Beads and old Cloaths, than which you cannot iyzi.
have a more acceptable Commodity to traffic Robert ».
with thefe People. s— -y—
They admired much the Hour-Glafs and
Fore-ftaffi and when he told them their Ufe,
they faid, they believed all white Men were Fit-
tazaers*, (i. e. Conjurers.) He told them, the
Englifh utterly deteflcd all Correfpondence with
the Devil ; and that a Sorcerer was burnt to
death. They faid it was a very good Law, and
wilhed theirs were ferved fo too : But, however,
they did not mean, that all white People were
fuch wicked, mifchievous People as their Fitta-
zaers were. No ; we rather think, faid they, you „f
are more ingenious, and know more than the Witchcraft.
Devil himfelf does ; and therefore, that it was
not in the Power of their Fittazaersy with all
their Skill and Afliftance from the Devil, to
hurt a white Man, efpecially if he be a ScolaJlicoy
as they believed mofl Strangers to be, who were
Pilotoes ; and they hoped the Author would do
fomething to affright them from hurting their
Cattle, and particularly little Children, againft
whom they w’ere very fpiteful, efpecially if their
Parents had any Ways offended them : So that
in fome Families they would not fuffer a Child
to live ; but would fo bewitch it, that in a little
Time it would pine away and die.
Then they defired him to go to fleep, it be¬
ing about nine o’Clock, but afked him, How
many Glaffes they muff turn till it came Day ?
He told them the Number, and afked them, If they
could be fure to keep a true Account ? They faid,
Yes, yes: They would have him to underftandjRomitoCwi
they were not like the Terra Firma Preatoes , (or verts.
Mainland Blacks :) For although they were black,
yet they believed there was a God and a Chrift ;
and they thanked St. Antonio , and were beholden
to him above all the Saints, even more than St.
John , who was the Guardian of their Ifland, and
under whofe Care they had been put by the For -
tugueze , when they firft brought their Fore¬
fathers from the Terra Firma : Yet faid, they
were more obligated to St. Antonio , becaufe it was
he who directed the Portugueze with them to this
Ifland : That through him they came to the
Knowledge alfo of God, Chriff, St. Jokny and
all the other Saints that they knew ; befides the
Virgin Alary y who, they faid, was God’s Mother,
and could command her Son to do any thing fhe
pleafed. They were fure, that God could not deny
his Mother, and that was the Reafon why they
oftner prayed to her, than to God or Chrift ; be¬
caufe, being a Woman, fhe, like almoft all her
Sex, was more eaflly perfuaded than Men.
They added, that a great many of them ru-.r Lcaru-
could both read, write, and caff Accompts,!*?,
b This the Guinea Negros in Jamaica call an Obi a Man.
4 K though
* Thus they call all Spirituous Liquors.
Vo l. I. N°3®,
6 1 S Voyages to the Cape
1722. though they owned they had not the Ufe of Fi-
R berts. gures like th z Englijh % who, as they had been
informed, exceeded all People in the World for
Navigation, Phyfic, Conjuration, and Arith¬
metic. Next Morning, about Sun-rife, there
was a great Noife and Calling, from the Tops of
the lower Rocks, as if there had been an hundred
People. The Blacks faid, they believed thefe
were the Fore-runners of the Company which
the Governor had fent ; but obferved, that the
Noife was multiplied by the Refounding of the
Rocks, which deceived the Author, for they knew
there were no more than two of them.
And tan- The Reader, fays Roberts, will perhaps won-
iUJ£e- der how I came to be fo perfect in their Language
fo foon, it being the firft Time J came among
them : But this he accounts for, by his having a
Smatch of the Portugneze, which is the nioft
considerable Part of theirs, and grafted on the
Makdingo Stock (whence they derive:) This,
with a Mixture of fome new'- coined Words fince
their Settlement here, makes up the whole Creole
Language. Befides, he fays, they have fo many
Motions, (as indeed molt of the Inhabitants of
the Cape de Verde Blands have, efpecially here and
at St. Philip’s) that thereby, and by the Accent
which gives Life and Force to their Meaning,
(whereof he had fome Notion before) he could
very well apprehend the Purport of what they faid
in general.
In the Afternoon, it began to blow, and looked
dark, cloudy, and heavy, to Windward, over
the Land, which is a certain Sign of a Gale of
Wind. He got fome of the Blacks to fwim with
the End of a fmall Rope afhore, and by that to
haul a Cable- End, and make it faft to the Rocks ;
which they did, but fo flightly, that it flipped,
and he could not prevail with them to try once
more; faying, if the Veflel fliould drive, (which
he was afraid of) they would get him fafe afhore,
and his Boy alfo ; and pointing to the Crofs-Jack
Yard, which lay upon Deck, they faid, with that,
they could carry him an hundred times farther
than from thence to the Shore with Eafe. Some
of them, however, went afhore to fetch Nicolau
Verde , and more Help.
Signs ef bad It continued to blow at Night as before, but,
Woatba. towards Day, it was a little moderate, and the
Sun rofe pretty clear ; only, before his Rifling, it
fhowed very hazy, and fiery, to the North-Eaft,
and Eaft North-Eaft : Which, the two Blacks, that
were on board, faid, was a fure Sign of very hard
Gales of Wind, as the Day increafed, and the
Sun rofe higher, lout more efpecially after it be¬
gan to fall. All which came to pafs very exa&ly,
fays the Author, though I could fee nothing of it.
About eight o’Clock, it began to blow very
hard, the Flaws coming down the Rocks with
an incredible Force, blowing foretimes right off
2
de Verde Islands.
the high, rocky Land, and fometimes in Counter- T722.
flaws to that on the Land, which raifed the Wa- Roberts,
ter beyond what he ever faw a Whale or Gram-'— ‘V"**-
pus do. Fie could not tell what Courfe to take ;
but, with a great deal of Difficulty, perfuaded
the Blacks not to leave him, and fo got that
Night over.
In the Morning, it looked as it did the Day A Sum,
before, and rather more fiery and red ; and, ac¬
cordingly, about nine or ten o’Clock, it began to
b blow much harder, if poflible, than the Day be¬
fore. They were all as wet as Dung with the Spray,
which was hove up into the A.ir, like a Water-
Spout; fo that fometimes they could not fee the
Land, though it was fo nigh, and fo high.
The twenty-ninth of November , 1722, about
twelve or one, the Anchor- Cable parted with a
Counter-flaw on the Land ; and drove them on a
Point of broken Rocks, which lay in the Bay,
and foon made a free Pafl’age for the Water
through her Bottom.
Upon this, the Blacks made afhore in a
Fright, but prefently returned ; and one of them
carrying the little Boy, (who cried lamentably \
the reft offered to help him afhore alfo ; and faid,.
they did not doubt, in the leaft, to convey him
fafe, with the A.id of St. Anthonio ; who, they
were fure, would aflift them, becaufe they had
faid a Padre nos before they came off.
The Natives, from the Top of the Rocks, The S/oop-
feeing the Sloop run foul upon them; and theww^
People in her take to the Water, hafted down to
fee what was become of them, and were foon
followed by others, who brought fome Pompions
and Milk in a Calabafh : And the Weather being,
fomewhat abated, they fwam off on light Pieces
of Boards of the Wreck; and finding a Place
about fixteen Foot above the Flowing of the Sea,
and about eight Foot broad, with the Rock over¬
hanging, they made a Fire, and boiled fome
Pompion. Thus they paffed the Night ; it prov¬
ing moderate Weather, (befides being clear, and
Star-light.) As did alfo the
Next Day, which the Blacks fpent in faving
all they could of the Wreck, and were very dexr
trous at the Work : But were particularly careful
of all the Bits of Board where they found any
Paint ; efteeming that the richeft Stuff of all.
They faid, if the Maft, Boom, Boltfprit, &c.
could be any Way faftened and fecured till a
calm Day came, they could tovv them up to the
Flarbour, called The Ovens ; and they might be The Ova#
ferviceable to him one Way or another. He to\diHari>0Ur'
them, they would ; and if any Ship happened to
put in there, that fliould want them, he could
fell them for fomething which fliould be for their
Benefit, to help making amends for this their
Kindnefs to him. They faid, they were glad
they had been of any Service to him ; and
thought
1J22.
} Robeits.
Shell Sim
[flic ity.
Save the
Wreck.
I
Voyages to the Cape de Verde Islands.
thought it their Duty to ferve any Strangers a in a
Diftrefs, notwithftanding they were of different
Colours; and by others, they believed, account¬
ed different Creatures : Yet, they thought, we
were all of one Species, and they were all Men
as we were ; though, they allowed themfelves to
be much inferior to Whites in every Thing.
Roberts told them, as to that, he did not fee any
Difference, only in the Colour, and he could not
tell whether that might not be owing to the ex-
ceffive Heat of the Sun there ; faying, if a white fi
Man and Woman were to come and live with
them, and go naked, and expofed to the fcorch-
ing Sun, as they were, perhaps, their Pofterity,
in three or four Generations, might be changed
to their Complexion.
They faid, No; for they had heard, that
notwithftanding their Skin might lofe its White-
nefs, yet their Hair would always hold its Na¬
ture, and not be frizlcd, like theirs; and they
faid moreover, there was a Curfe laid on them, <
that they fhould always be Subjects and Servants
to the Whites b. Roberts told them, he had
heard fomewhat of it; being willing to continue
their Efteem. They faid, they were convinced,
that he knew it, and believed, there was no
White but knew that the Blacks were, by God,
deftined to be their Servants; which was plainly
manifeft, by the white Men coming, as they had
been told, every Year to Guinea , and carrying
away a great many thoufands to be their Slaves. 1
They added, that as to their own Parts, they did
not know if the Privilege of Freedom they en¬
joyed, were a Favour voluntarily given to them
by all Nations, or procured for them by the
Jirancas , who fir ft placed them there ; but, in
Gratitude, they thought themfelves obliged to do
all the Good they could to Strangers in general, and
the Englijh in particular, who were always ac¬
counted the beft Friends to the Portuguese ; one of
whofe Kings, they had been told, had married
the King of Portugal’s Daughter c. This, Ro¬
berts confirming, they profeffed abundance of
Love, Value, and Refpesft, to Englijh men ; whom,
they faid, they efteemed as much as they did the
Portuguese.
They continued, one or other- of them,
fwimming about the Wreck all Day, and kept
continually bringing off fomething; and among
the reft, two Iron Pots ; at which they all re¬
joiced, faying, Now I might drefs my Vi&uals
my own Way. Swimming is their Mafter-piece.
They made no Difficulty of paffing from Place
to Place this Way, even as far as to the fmall
Iftands, and back again ; and faid, a Man might
abide feveral Days in the Water, if he were not 1722.
feized with the Cramp. Rebels,
They fiftied up the Things from the- Bottom
by Diving, at which they were very expert ; and
the Sea being always fmooth here in fine Wea¬
ther, (as this little Bay of Punta de Sal lies on
the Lee-Side of the Bland) they can fee all
round very plain, in four, five, or iix Fothoni,
and in a rocky Bottom, even to ten Fathom,
Handing up to the Middle in the Water. It is a
common Practice with the Blacks, when they
have done Fifning, to ftand on the Rocks and
heave Stones into the Water, and for others to
dive and bring them up; and they account it no¬
thing to dive in five or fix Fathom, and creep
along the Bottom for a Minute, or better.
About Noon they fet on the Pot with
Pompion, and drefl'ed Come Fifh which the Blacks J s '
had caught : Soon after which, a Meftenger came
from Singore Lionel Gonfalvo , the Governor, with
: his Compliments and Excufes for not coming
himfelf, on Account of a Cold. He brought
fome Pompions, and three or four Potatoes, and
Promifcs of fome wild Goat, or Venifon, next
Day. A little while after, came a Black from the
Prieft with the fame Compliments, but brought
nothing to eat, and faid, his Mafter defired, if l
had faved any Flour, to fend him fome, and if I
had any Aqua Ardenta alfo, his Mafter would be no
lefs glad of it ; though he had not bid him afk
for any. And Roberts {hewing him all that he
had faved from the Wreck, which were chiefly
fome Pieces of Board, and the two Iron Pots j
he faid, his Mafter was more able to do me Ser¬
vice, than even the Governor himfelf ; and be¬
lieved, if I prefented him one of thofe Pots, it
would be very acceptable.
Som e Time after, among others, came down
one Domingo Gumms d, Son of Antonio Gumms, for¬
merly Governor of the Bland. He, with lit*
Brother, brought fome Pompions, Bananas, a
papaio, and a Cake of Bread, made of Bananas
and Maize. They faid, their Mother had fent
the Cake, and would fend fome Milk, if I liked
it. And Roberts talking of a Return for thefe
Favours, they faid, they did not defire any i hing,
but that he would continue his Efteem for them,
and let his Countrymen know how kindly he had
been ufed among them ; adding, that no other
Return would be required by any of the Iflanders,
unlefs the Prieft, who, they heard, was always Covetaut
very craving; and, therefore, they gave him PrUJt.
this Caution, for Fear he^might beg any Thing
from him, according to Cuftom.
ROBERTS faid, when he returned home.
a They call all Europeans, Strangers, except the Portuguese, whom they call Brancas , or Whites. b ;ThlS»
doubtlefs, was taught them by the Portuguese Priefts, to keep them the more in Awe. • Queen atuturu.
King Charles II’s Queen, a Portuguese, and had Mayo, one of thefe Iilands, *for iatt o i her l/Owei, ^ i.-.rt
tioned hereafter. d Perhaps, it fltouid be Gomes.
4 K 2
o2o Voyages to the Cape de Verde Islan
1722. and gave his Countrymen an Account of their
Roberts. Civility, he did not doubt, but fome of them would
come and vifit them. Gumms anfwered, it might
be fo, if their Ifland produced any Thing fit for
Traffic : But that his Father, and other old Men,
remembered feveral Strangers coming thither, molt
of whom were of the fame Nation, called Pirates ,
(for they thought there was a particular People of
that Name) who had robbed the Author : Add¬
ing, that though they ufed him fo hardly, they
were very civil to them ; and would often tell
them their Ifland was very poor, that they lived
exceeding miferable in Comparifon of what the
white Men did in their own Country : And
that their having no Products good for any Thing,
was the Reafon fo few Ships came to vifit them.
Malta All the Time they were talking, Roberts ob-
Welchman. ferved one liften with more than ordinary Atten¬
tion; and looking at him, he obferved he was
not like the Guinea Negros, but of a ruddy,
copper, or tawny Colour, like the Arabs of the
Southermoft Parts of Barbary , and had ftrait,
though fhort Hair, of a light-brown Colour.
This Man, to his exceeding Surprife, as well as
Joy, anfwered, in the Englijh Tongue, that the
Ifland might yield many valuable Commodities,
though unknown, at leaft, as to their Ufe; as,
the Gold, Teeth, Ambergreafe, Wax, and va¬
rious Kinds of dying Woods in Guinea , were for¬
merly ; and that, at this prefent, the Norther-
moft Parts of that Country, to his Knowledge,
produced feveral rich Commodities, not yet
known by the Englijh to be there. Upon Inqui¬
ry, he told Roberts , his Name was Charles Frank¬
lin, and that he was born at Caerleon upon Usk, in
Wales a, that his Father was a Juftice of Peace,
life, and he had himfelf been Matter of feveral
Franklin’* Ships out of Brijlol. That, in a Voyage to the
Advtnturct. Weft Indies , he had been taken by Bartholomew
Roberts , the Pirate ; and, being brought by him
upon the Coaft of Guinea , made his Efcape at
Sierra Leona , and got to a black Prince, up the
River, called King Thome: Who protected him
from Roberts , notwithftanding his Threats and
Offers of Prefents to get him back ; which were
equally defpifed by the King, as foon as he under-
ftood Roberts' s Profeffion ; to whom he fent
Word, that he had a thoufand flout Men, or four
Times the Number, who, though black, knew
how to ufe Arms as well his ; and were ready to
give him proper Diverfion, if he offered any In¬
civilities in his Country. That the Pirate, upon
this Meffage, thought fit to make off as foon as he
had refrefhed, and purfue his intended Voyage on .
the Coaft of Guinea , as far as St. Thomas , or
Princes Ifland.
a After Roberts's Departure, Captain Plunket, 1722,
Governor of the Englijh Fa&ory at Sierra Leona, Roberts"
hearing of Franklin , and taking him to be one' - -
of the Pira'e’s Company, fent to acquaint the King
with it, and withal, demanded him to be given
up according to Juftice, and the Englijh Right.
The King made known to him this Meffage, and
the Difficulties it threw him into ; as he was loth
to difoblige the Governor, and the Englijh Nation.
But the Welchman laid before the King the Dan-
b ger he might be in with the Governor and Com¬
pany, tor Want of proper Vouchers of his In¬
nocence, (which he folemnly avowed) if they
fhould be fevere ; and likewife expreffed a De¬
fire to flay under his Protection till fome Ship
came thither, whofe Captain knew him.
Upon this the King fwore, by his darling U pnun<i
God, he fhould not be delivered into the Powers him*
of any Body, but by his own Choice ; and ac¬
cordingly fent Word to Plunket , That he was
c fully fatisfied of the white Man' s Innocence , who
had thrown himfelf under his Protection from the
Pirates ; therefore he could do no lefs than fuccour
and defend him as a Stranger in Dijlrefs , and the
rather , as he was one of the Governor' s Country¬
men , between whom and himjelf there had always
been a good Underjlanding. Plunket fent again,
intreating the King, on the Score of Friendfhip,
to give him up. But the King continued firm to
his firft Engagement ; however, defiring Franklin
d to confult his own Safety, in fuch Manner, that
no Offence might be given the Englijh. Upon
this, he begged to be fent farther into the Coun¬
try ; being the rather induced to this, by the Re¬
ports he had heard from the Natives, that the
Parts within Land abounded with Gold ; which
Metal he had fome Knowledge of, having ferved
an Apprenticefhip, in Brijlol , to the Goldfmiths
Trade. Moreover, he obferved to the Author,
that though he was fure no Body could, in the
e long-run, do him any Harm, yet a great
deal of Trouble might be given on Account of
a Name’s-fake he had, who was a noted Pirate,
and had been advertifed in the London Gazette.
His chief Motive for defiring to be fent up th eStntupth*
Country was, a Notion he had, that there wasCwr,fr>
Gold within Land at Guinea , and that moft of
the Mountains abounded with it : More efpeci-
ally, between the Latitudes of twelve or thirteen
Degrees, both North and South ; and, perhaps,
f alfo as far Southerly as that Land reaches. His
Curiofity, he faid, was ftrengthened by the Op¬
portunity he now had of giving them no Room
to fufpedt him for a Spy : For the Inhabitants of
thofe inland Parts are very jealous; being prepof-
feffed by the Borderers on the Sea- Coaft, with
» Hence, he was called Qualego , in the Creole Language of St. John's, that being the Term ufed by the
Natives for a Welchman.
a
Voyages to the Cape de Verde Islands.
62
1
1722. a Fear of being carried off by the Bakkaraus, ora Country, and to carry him a defart Way as 1722.
Robert?. Whites, as well as of their great Power and much as they could, and fee he did not write at Robert*.
For
White s, as well as of their great Power and
'Subtlety. They believe likewife, that all the
Whites think their inland Countries are nothing
but wild and barren Defarts, the Haunts only
of ravenous Beads ; of which, they have an Opi¬
nion, that the Whites ftand very much in Fear.
Thefe Notions, he believed, were infufed by the
any Time. For though King Thome had, for
this Reafon, taken away all his Paper before he
fet out, under Pretence of keeping it fafe for
him till he came back ; yet they had an Opinion,
that all the Whites had a Fittazae , (or Genius) Tit Bloch
who would bring them, at their Call, any Thing •'itra<aleK'
Borderers, to engrofs the whole Trade into their they wanted. Therefore, if they faw him have
any Paper, or offer to write, their Orders were
b ‘
Na ions of
she Inhabi¬
tant,
own Hands; it being alfo ufual with them to
tell Strangers, that there is no Gold in the inland
Countries; and that it is all contained in the
Sands and Shore of the Rivers on the Coaft.
These Inlanders have alfo a Notion, that the
Bakkaraus have a new World, where they intend
to refide, which is inconceivably better than the
old ; but that there wants fo much to be done to it,
that it will be many Ages before it can be made fit
for their Reception : That they fend all the moft
valuable Things from their old World thither;
inftantly to deliver him up to King Aukadingo ,
who was, it feems, an Enemy to them, as well
as to all the Whites, and on whom alone the
Fittazaes of the Bakkaraus had no Power. At
length, continued he, we arrived at King Bem-
bclus Court, where, after fhewing the Staff of
Credit, and delivering my pretended Errand,
which was to open a Trade with them, I was re¬
ceived with abundance of Refpedt and Honour by
the King and his Nobles, who (hewed me every
the Labour of which is carried on by the Negros c Thing they thought might contribute to my Di-
they yearly take out of Guinea : That all thofe
Blacks muft work and flave very hard, without any
Intermiffion or Redemption, until the new World
is compleatly fitted up in a very beautiful Manner,
and the Bakkaraus are all fettled there. But
when that is done, having no farther Service for
the Blacks, they will fend them home to in¬
habit this World ; without ever being molefted
more by the Whites, who will never come here
verfion : And there was gazing enough upon
me ; I being the fir ft European was ever remem¬
bered to be feen in that Town.
The Author obferving the two Blacks, who Nativntf
were with them, very attentive to their Dif- St' s*
courfe, afked one of them, If he underftood
Englifh ? He faid, No, he heartily wifhed he-
did ; but was glad, however, they two could un-
derftand one another. Hereupon, Franklin telling
again
This happy Time they earneftly wifh for. d him that Roberts was his Countryman, the Ne-
They believe, the Bakkaraus trouble their Heads gro was furprifed, knowing Franklin to be a Gua¬
no farther, than to carry them from Guinea to lego, or Welchman ; and the Matter being explain-
the new World, where they deliver them over ed to him, it foon fpread amongft them all there
to the Power of certain Fittazaes a, who have the prefent, that Singore Carolos was an Englijhman :
Charge of managing, ordering, and contriving
to make it as pleafant and delightful as poffible :
That thefe Fittazaes (they fay) are the Negros
Tafkmafters; and fum fum (or beat) them pro-
digioufly for the leaf! Fault.
FRANKLIN came acquainted with thefe
Notions of the Inlanders, by his long Refidence
However, they would not be fatisfied till they
had it from Roberts’ s own Mouth ; it being their
Humour, never to take up with Hear-fay, if they
can come at better Evidence.
After this, Roberts having a great Defire to rrquedat
go up to Town, not being fatisfied with Frank- in>
lin* s Objedlions of the Impracticability of it, on
Jourrty
among them. For he had prevailed with King the Account of the Steepnefs and Height, as well
Thome to fend him to King Bembolu , whither he as fharp Points of the Rocks, afked the Negros
. ~ ’ their Opinion, who confirmed what Franklin had
faid ; and told him, wdiat he faw, was not the
hundredth Part of the whole Height; giving a
very imperfedl and extravagant Account of the
Bland. Notwithftanding which, when Franklin
propofed to explain it, they prefently took Snuff ;
vmsbin Lard. went, attended by four of that Prince’s Guards,
and his Staff of ’State, which ferves as a Creden¬
tial. He informed Roberts , that he was feven
Days ih his Journey to King Bembolu’s Town,
which was about ninety or an hundred Miles off.
That he travelled on-foot, and flopped by the
his Brow, faid, he wondered Franklin fhould pre¬
tend to give a better Account than they, who
travelled Paths, a-fifhing, which he durft not at-
a great
making
Way at feveral of their Towns, where they were f and one of them, railing his Voice, and knitting
ufed very courteoufly. That for the firft four
Days he obferved nothing of any Confequence ;
but after that, perceived Gold among the Inha¬
bitants in very great abundance, yet durft not
make any Inquiry about it, finding himfelf ftridl-
ly watched by his Attendants; who, he under-
itood, afterwards, had Orders to give him no
Opportunity to make any Remarks upon the
» Or, Demigods, before called Conjurers
tempt. Franklin afked Pardon,
many Apologies : And they feeing Roberts a little
furprifed and concerned at their Refentment, ltmIn'
foftened their Tone, and told Franklin , they were ,
heartily glad he could talk with, and divert the
Cap-
622
Voyages to the Cape d e Verde Islands.
1722. Captain; and that they would have him carry on
Roberts, the Converfation in what Language he liked bed: :
However thev faid, as the Captain could very well
fpeak their Language, they had rather he would
talk therein, that they might benefit by the Dif-
courfe ; yet dill were willing to forego their own
Satisfaction for the Sake of his. This Refentment,
Franklin faid, was owing to the Jealoufy they
had, that he flood better with Roberts than them-
felves. Wherefore it was thought fit to break-off
farther Difcourfe for that Time.
See their The Author began now to wifh himfelf at
tricfi'tVias, the T0wn, efpecially as both the Governor and
Pried had fent their Men down to him to invite
him to their Houfes. On this Occafion he over¬
heard one, who fpoke low, fay. If I was the
Captain, I fhould rather chufe to lodge with Sin-
gore Antonio Gumms , than with any one on the
Ifiand, he having alfo a good Stock of every thing
to eat, and more Plenty than the Governor. Ay,
but fays another, the Pried: has Meat and Fifh
oftner than Antonio Gumms , or any Body elfe.
It is true, fays a third, but if the Captain lives
with the Pried, he will beg all his Cloths, and
you all. know what a covetous Man he is. W e
cannot make any of us a handfome Cotton Cap,
or have any thing elfe that is either fine or de¬
lightful, but prefently he is begging it from us.
Tit believe bit Another faid, that Strangers, and efpecially
VMrine. t]ie j ^nglijh^ were not reckoned to be fo fubjedt to
the Padres or Priejls , or to have fo much Efleem
for them, as they had ; nor even, if they were in¬
formed right, the Portugueze themfelves; but that
their Pried’s Power over them mud be imputed
to their Ignorance : And, indeed, there was all
the Rcafon in the World it fhould be fo, becaufe
they were beholden, they faid, for what little
Knowledge they had, folely to the Pried; as he was
to that Book which the Portugueze inflrudled him
in, and left with him when they confecrated him ;
and the Bifhop bleffed him with the full priedly
Power to forgive Sins : But that Strangers, they
believed, dood in no Need of any Information
from him ; all the Ufe or Benefit they had of him
themfelves, being only to get their Sins abfolved.
SECT. VI.
Figure of St. John’s. Roberts Jets out for the Town.
Strange Property of the Rocks . He falls fick. A
Negro- Bed. He builds a Boat. Sails for St.
Philip’s. Returns to St. John’s. Comes to St.
Jago. Port St. George. Roberts lands. Comes
to Mayo : Leaves that IJland. Generous Por¬
tugueze. St. Jago Town : Sickly Seafon there.
Ghelleons Reels. Surprifng Reef. Bona Vida.
Tfoe Author falls fick again. A worthy Friend.
C ernes to St. Nicholas. Sells the Wreck. Eng-
a lifh Ship arrives. He fails for Lifbon. Forced IJ22,
to Barbadoes. Arrival at London. Roberts.
WHILE the Author continued in this Figure ,f tit
difmal Habitation, he was daily in Dan-f/^*
ger of being killed by the Stones that tumbled
from the Mountains early and late in the Morn¬
ings and Evenings. This, as the Blacks faid, was
occafioned by the wild Goats going to their
Caves on the Edge of the Mountain, whofe Foot
b was at the Top of the Rock, under which they
were : For the Land, fays the Author, rifes fome-
thing like the Pyramids of Egypt , the Foot of
one Mountain being as it were the Top of ano¬
ther, till you arrive at the Middle of the Ifiand,
which is the highed ; and though it appears with
a rounding Head off at Sea, yet it is indifferent
flat ; but, however, declining a little, till you
come to the Edges, and from thence going deep
down, fomething like St. Paul’s Cupola,
c The Danger above-mentioned made the A.u- Roberts pu
thor pufh to be going for the Town, and a Day or cutf>r tbt
two after, Domingo tying the Boy behind him with
a Safb, carried him up ; and as foon as he returned,
Roberts fet out himfelf : But after they got to the
fird reding Place, which was about thj Height
of St. Paid’s Cupola, it was fo deep, he could
proceed no farther ; and one of them, fearching
about for the bed Way, broke off a prodigious
Piece of a Rock, which was very near fweeping
d down fome of them in its Way, and the Noife
and Dud frightened them all fo, that they were
about defeending, when Domingo called to them
to dop, and faid, he would not trud the Captain
down now in the Day-time, that the Rocks were
more crumbly, as indeed, fays Roberts , I after¬
wards found by Experience they were ; occa¬
fioned, he fuppofes, by the Scorching of the Sun,
which, as it were, calcined and made them mor estrange Pr*-
friable, and apt to break; whereas in the Night/<^> ;/
e they feemed to attract from the Air a Kind of Roc*f‘
Gluten, which cemented and rendered them
more firm : So they lodged in a Kind of unrailed
Gallery that Night, dreffing fome Fifh and Pom-
pion for Supper ; and in the Morning, with great
Difficulty and Plazard, got down to the old Place
again.
Soon after Domingo , with fome of the Blacks,
went to fetch the Boat to carry the Author to
Town by Water; it was almoft calm then, and
f about Noon it fell quite calm ; contrary to what
it is on the Weather-Side as well South-Eaft and
North-Well Sides of the Ifiand, where the nigher
the Sun approaches the Meridian, the frefher the
Gale blows, but on the < South -Weft Side the
contrary : Though fometimes, efpecially if it be
cahn in the Offings or even a faint Trade, you
ffiall have, between the Hours of ten in the
Morning, .
Voyages to the Cape
1723. Morning, and three Afternoon, a fine Sea-Breeze 5
Roberts, at South -Weft.
U'-V'VJ The extreme Heat of the Sun refledling from
tie falls fck. tj^e R0CkS) together with bad Diet, Fatigue, ifc.
threw the Author into a violent Fever, which
bringing on a Delirium, he lay here fix Weeks
before he recovered Strength enough to be car¬
ried to Town. He was very carefully and affec¬
tionately attended all the while by the Blacks, and
one of them was unfortunately killed very near
him by a Piece of a Rock, which falling down, I
fmafhed him all to Pieces.
The Blacks returning with the Boat, and fee¬
ing this Misfortune, haftened him away that
Night to Fuurno , where the Governor’s Horfe
coming for him in the Morning, he rode-up to
his Houfe, or Hut, and was kindly received ;
but being engaged, by his Promife to Domingo ,
lay at Singore Antonio's , h^s Father. They had
provided him a Bed, which was fometbing ex¬
traordinary, confidering the People and Country.
The four Pofts were driven into the Floor in a
long Square ; and four Pieces of Wood tied be-
A Negro tween to them, with Banana Cords, formed the
Head, Feet, and Sides > three or four Sticks be¬
ing laid a-crofs, at proper Diftances, and tied at
each End to the Pofts : Over that was laid a Hur¬
dle, made of large Cane-Reed, the fame Sort
that is brought from Portugal, he. and upon this
good Store of dried Banana Leaves, which were
covered with a Banana Mat ; upon which were
fpread two white Cotton Cloths for Sheets, and
over all, a blue and white Cotton Cloth byWay
of a Counterpane.
Here he lav two Months before he was able
to fiir abroad; and as foon as he got Strength,
he diverted himfelf with fifhing : At which Sport
they ufed to be out three or four Days together,
the Negros carrying down Wood for a Fire to
boil the Filh, and roaft their Pompions ; and for
Salt, they gathered it on the Rocks, being made
by the Heat of the Sun from the Sea-Water ly¬
ing in the Holes.
ROBERTS having made all the Inquiry he
could to find when any Ship had touched at the
Illand, was informed, that only two had put-in
there in feven Years: One a n Englijhman, who
bought fome Hogs ; the other a Portuguese , car¬
rying Slaves from St. Nicholas to Brafil , and call¬
ed for Water; but was driven from his Anchor
by a Storm.
HebaiUi a Having a Mind to go to St. Philip's , where
S«at, he was told Ships often came, he got together all
the Remains of the Wreck, and with the Help
of the Natives bungled out a Boat of twenty-five
Foot Length in the Keel, thirty Foot between
Stem and Stern-Port; Breadth, at the main Beam,
: de Verj^e Islands. 623
1 ten Foot ; Depth, about four Foot ten Inches. 1723.
He calked her with Cotton and Mofs, and paid Robert .
the Seams with Tallow mixed and incorporated L/"Y"NJ
into a Putty, with Affes-Dung Afhcs. There
was this peculiar good Quality in it, that being
rubbed well into the Seam, it hardened in afhort
Time, fo that the Sun did not melt it ; neither
would it wafh-off again with the Water, nor
would the Fifh eat it off as they did the unmixed
Tallow, which befides was pretty fcarce ; for
a they got but five Pound of Tallow out of forty
Goats, and a tolerable fat Cow yielded no more.
Ha vi n g gotten all Things ready for his Depar¬
ture, he went to the Farrier , (where he picked,
up an Anchor, left by the above-mentioned Por¬
tuguese Ship) and thence parted to Fuurno. From
this Place he went up to Town to take his final
Leave, as he thought, of the Inhabitants ; but to
his great Surprife, Mr. Franklin , who had con-
ftantly talked of going with him, now he was
c ready, refufed it, and gave him fuch Reafons as
he was forced to acquiefce with : Wherefore he
fet fail with fix Blacks and his little Boy about sails for St;
two Hours before Day, taking the firft of thq Philip’s.
Northern Stream, and chofe the Morning Tide,
in order to get crofs the Channel before the Day-
Gale, which fometiraes (as already hinted) blows
in violent Flaws down the Ghors. They got into
Windward of the Villa , and run down to Fonts
de Villa, which is a fandy Bay but he paffed by
d it bdeaufe the Wind was pretty far Northerly,
which is an open Wind there. He run down a-
long Shore, and doubling the Point of NoJJa Sin-
gora , he anchored in the Bay in fix Fathom ;
this being alfo a clean fandy Bay, and the Wa¬
ter, as the Wind flood, fmoother than at Fonts
de Villa: But ftaid not here, being advifed by
fome Negros, who came from Thome Santee , to
fail down a little lower to a fmall Bay, called.
Laghate , where he might put the Boat to the
e Beach, and wade afhore; the Sea being very
fmooth, and little or no Surf running on the
Shore, and they went with him to fhew him the
Bay. This Thome Santee a was Commandant of
the Horfe, and was ordered by the Governor to
march along the Cliffs as far as NoJJa Singore, to
defend the Coaft in cafe Roberts fhould attempt to
land before they were fatisfied what he was.
On this Illand of St. Philip's , or Fuogo, he Rtturnn
found two black Carpenters, who were brought- St. Johu'«.
f up at the French Fadlory at Senega, and had been
five Years at Nants to learn the Trade ; and find¬
ing his Boat very leaky, he determined to go
back with thefe to St. John's (where W ood was
plenty) to fit up his Boat better. Taking Cap¬
tain Thome along with him, and fome other Paf-
fengers, he weighed from Laghate about an.Haurr
l Mentioned in the Defcription of St. John's.
624 Voyages to the Cape
1723. or better before the Northern Tide was made ;
Roberts, and having the Advantage of the Southern Breeze,
-V*"— ' which lafted up to the Point of NoJJa Singorey
with the Help of both Sails and Oars, they ar¬
rived there by that Time the Flood fet-up to the
Northward ; and then opening the Point, they
met the Trade-Wind, and making two or three
Boards, got the Length of Balleavilier a good
while before the Tide was done: But that being
well fpent, and the Wind far Northerly, fearing
he fhould not fetch the Fuurtio on a Lee-Tide,
he anchored there, flaying to take a whole Flood
to crofs the Channel ; and the Tide ferving be¬
fore Day, he weighed about four o’Clock in the
Morning, and got into the Fuurno of St. 'John's
a little after Noon. That Day he received ten
Cotton Cloths for Freight of his Paffengers, which
made him a good Fore-fail, and repaired his Jib:
Of the Remainder, he made a Pair of Trowzers
for himfelf, and a Jacket and Trowzers for his
little Boy.
Here he (laid two Months before he finifhed
his Boat, after which he failed thence for St. Jagoy
but called at St. Philip's by the Way to put a-
(hore there Captain Thome and the Philippians.
CmittoSt. Staying here three Days to lay-in Provifions and
Jago. Water, he weighed, and in about ten Days Time
beat up to St. Jago ; but fays, had not he been
acquainted with the Set of the Current, he might
have been till now a beating it. He fetched a
Bay, called Rivero des Bharkesy where he an¬
chored ; but finding no Ships there, and alfo a
great Scarcity of Salt, he determined to go to
tire Ifie of May for that Commodity: He was
alfo near half full of Pompion, Maize, &c. and
was told the Ifle of May was almoft famifhed for
Want of Suftenance.
He recruited his Water, and concluded to go
about the North-End of St. Jago , as he knew it
by Experience to be the beft W ay to gain the Ifle
of May. After two Days Stay, he weighed and
anchored in the Bay of Rivero de P rata. Next
Tide, he got to Porto Terr af all ; and waiting thir¬
teen Days there for favourable Weather, he at
laft weighed and got in a Windward Tide to
Porto Facienda : But afterwards could not wea¬
ther the North Point of the Ifland, and was drove
by the Lee-Tide into an unknown Bay, which
Part St. he afterwards called Porto Singore Jorje. Right
Cejrgc. againft the Bay were a great many Rocks, the
largeft not above a good Stone’s-Caft in Length,
moft of them above Water, extending about half a
League off from the Shore : But with a good deal
of Care he got well in, where he found a fafe
and pleafant Cove running-in behind the Point,
above a good Cable’s Length wide, from which
you could fee no Sea ; it being Land-locked againft
all Winds, and from five to three Fathom Water
in Sand mixed with Ooze.
3
de Verde Islands.
In a little Time came down an elderly Man, 1 723.
attended by four Slaves armed with Lances. He Rofcem.
very courteoufly afked Roberts to come afhore ;
who told him, he would wait upon him prefently,
and afked, If he pleafed to accept of a Water-
Melon to refrefh him in the mean Time ? He
thanked him, and bid him heave it into the Wa¬
ter, and he would fend one of his Slaves to bring
it afhore. Which done, the grave Gentleman
fpread his Cloak, and cut the Water-Melon, lay-
> ing it in as great Order, as if it had been a Perfon
of Quality’s Table, fct forth with the greateft Va¬
rieties.
ROBERTS did not care much for trufting Roberts
himfelf afhore with him at firft ; for that Part of!an<{,‘
St. Jago confifts moftly of Banditti, who fre¬
quently fly thither from Juftice, and fometimes
make Incurfions upon the reft : But feeing him
accept his Prefent kindly, which with thofe Peo¬
ple is moftly efteemed as a Token or Tie of Friend-
: fhip, he ventured afhore, where he was received
with abundance of Formality by the old Gentle¬
man ; who afking whence he came, and whither
bound, &c. told him, without any more ado,
that hisName was Singore Jorge Vharela the Jhuifs \
that he was the Juftice of thefe Parts ; that all the
Land, as far as could be feen, was his Eftate :
And that he had Silver Mines in his Ground, but
did not know how to extradl the Silver from the
Oar ; and did not care to fend to the City for a
I Smelter, for fear the Mine fhould by that Means
be difcovered by the King of Portugal , and be
feized by his Army for him : Adding, that this
might, perhaps, alfo be a Means of making them
lofe their Privileges here, which had been pre-
ferved ever fince the Ifland of St. Jago was in¬
habited ; but promifed to fend for fome of the
Oar for Roberts.
When it came, it proved to be nothing more
than a Rock of a yellowifh, grey Colour, con-
; lifting of Fleaks about the Thicknefs of Slate,
full of fhining Spangles, which gliftened in the
Sun-Beams like Cryftal Glafs. He thanked Ro¬
berts kindly for the Melon, which was the more
acceptable, he faid, on account of the Seeds, which
coming from abroad, the Fruit would be always
valued as a Rarity ; and in Return, he gave
Roberts , at parting, a fat Goat and fome Milk.
Next Morning he weighed, and getting a -Cement
bout the Bighude, which is the North-Eaft Point Ma5ra*
f of the Ifland of St. Jago , about Noon, the Wind
North-Eaft, light Gales, he faw the Ifle of May
about three in the Afternoon, Monte Pinofa bear¬
ing South-Eaft by Eaft ; and anchored next Morn¬
ing at Porto Englefe, or Tingdofs , as it is called by
the Inhabitants : But finding no Ships here, and
the Surge running high afhore, he weighed in order
to beat-up to Kalyete or Paafecoy to Windward of
Kalyete ; but finding that not convenient, being a
great
Voyages to the Cape
1724. great Way from Salt-Pans, he run down to the a
Roberts. Kalyete , and anchoring there, difpofed of his
■ ■v*’^ Things, and had Salt brought to him by the Na¬
tives, for which he paid with fome of his Cargo
from St. John’s and St. Philip’s.
But the Negros in the Boat taking it into
their Heads, that this Salt was intended to be car¬
ried, with themfelves, to Barbadoes , they all run
away from him. However, he had not been long
in this fcurvy Condition, before two Blacks came
and offered their Service to go with him : One b
was a Native of St. Nicholas ; and the other of
St. Antonio. This laft faid, he would make a
better Hand of his Salt, if he went to that Ifland ;
and thence to Sal , taking a Gang from St. An¬
tonio to kill Turtle there, in order to fell at St.
Nicholas , which was ftill very fcarce of Provi-
fions : Wherefore he refolved to take his Advice,
the rather becaufe, if he could not fetch thofe
Illands, he fhould have St. Jago under his Lee,
where he might go at laft. c
Leaves that Accordingly he failed that Evening from
Ijhrj. Kalyete , but the Wind not favouring his Defign
of fetching either St. Nicholas or Antonio , he bore
down to St. Jago , running for the North-Eaft
Point : Where, finding a large fair Bay about two
Leagues or fomething more to the Southward of
the Bikkude , he called it Porto fine Noma, or, The
namelefs Road ; not being able to learn any Name
it had. Here he anchored in a little fandy Cove.
But the St. Antonio-Bhck told him, he did not d
like the Place, for it was the wildeft Port of that
Quarter, where the Banditti inhabited.
This was fcarce fpoken when flap comes a
whole Volley of Stones upon them, which was
foon followed by a fecond Shower, and fo conti¬
nued by a Number of Blacks from Shore ; fo
that they had certainly been demolifhed, had not
Roberts thought of mentioning Singore Jorje
Vharela the Jhuifs to them, as his intimate and
fpecial Friend : Upon which, they all ftarting e
up, afked, if that was the Vefiel that had been at
Singore Jhuifs Porto ? And being allured it was
the fame, they were immediately pacified, and pro-
feffed themfelves his Friends. However, he did
not care to ftay, but very early next Adorning got
out; and, it being calm, rowed down diredlly
for Porto Formofa , where he ftaid to take in
Wood and Water.
I Gentroui He was met here afhore by Singore Antonio
Portugueze. Thavaar , the principal Gentleman thereabout, f
who was attended by eight Slaves with Lances,
two having each a Piftol, which they are obliged
to carry, being fo near Neighbours to the Vhil-
haucas of Terrafall ; and when Roberts told him
how he had been ferved at Porto fine Noma , he
crofted himfelf, and faid, it was the greateft Adi-
ci: Verde Islands, 625
racle in the World they had not uCZS. all killed ; 1724.
declaring, that, for his Part, he would not have
been in their Place for the Ifland of St. Jago.
This Gentlemen is a White, of the Race of Por¬
tugal, was extremely civil, fent half a Dozen of
his own Blacks to cut Wood and carry it to him ;
and, next Adorning, fent him an Afs loaden with
Provifion and Fruit; and at parting, prefented
him with a Bag of Fefhoons, fome Sherry, a
Calabafh of Adel, (viz. Molaffes) and half a
Dozen Cheefes ; the fix weighing about a ‘Pound
and a half.
Early next Adorning he went from hence, st Jjgo
and coafting along Shore, with a true Wind, ran7™-"*
down the Length of St. Jago Town into the
Bay ; and proceeding lower, entered the Harbour
of Porto Madera. Here he moored with his
Anchor oft', and a Rope faft afhore to a Rock,
which was like a Key, having twelve Foot at
low Water dole to the Rock : But there being
no Inhabitants near, and but indifferent Way to
St. Jago Town, he coafted along down to Praya
Formofa ; and touching there, and at St. Domingo ,
proceeded to Porto Lobo , where he received a
Letter from the General of all the Cape de Verdes,
with a Man and Idorfe to carry him to Town;
fo leaving his Boat here, he rid up to it; being
accounted about twenty Aliles by Land : But,
fays the Author, a Man had better ride forty in
England. Here he was in Hopes he had met
with a Chap for his Boat, or Balandra ; but,
upon Sight of her, the Bargain went-off.
The fickly Time of the Year now approach- Stckty Seap*
ing; and indeed, at that Time, excepting Ca-tkert*
cheu , there are not many Places on the main
Continent of Guinea more fickly than St. Jago ;
and befides, it is the Time of the Year, that rardy
any Ships touch here, he was refolved therefore to
make for fome of the Windward Iflands, efpecially
St. Nicholas , where there v'as a better Profped of
meeting 'with an European Ship to carry him oft',
the Seafon of the Year alfo concurring: For
they expe&ed a Southerly Wind * in a little
Time. So he trucked off his Salt as faft as he
could, to get on the Eaft-Side of the Ifland, be¬
caufe from thence he could not only better fail
with a Southerly or Wefterly Wind, but the
Roads are the fafeft alfo ; for there is not one
Road, on the Lee-Side of the Ifland, where you
can ride fafe with thefe Winds, except Kalyete
St. Martyn ; neither can you get out from thence
with them, though they are the only fair Winds
you have to get up to the Windward Iflands.
Accordingly, having got a pretty good Returns a
Cargo of Maiz, Fefhoons, Mandyoaks, for hisM*y°-
Salt, with fome Cocoa Nuts, Plantains, Bana-
naes, &c. he failed from Kalyete St. Martyn , and
a This was about the Middle of July , or latter End of June , 1 724 : For the Author is neither exact nor re
gular in dating.
Vo l. I. N° 30. 4 L get-
626 V o y ages to the Caps
1724. getting the Length <jf Porte Lobo , intended to ;
Roberts, touch, if poflibie, at Bona Vijia , where he knew
LXY“N-? there was a good Market for his Proviiions : But
not being able to get thither, by Reafon of the
Northern Stream, he flood for Porto Madera ,
where he waited eight Days ; and then, having
a Southerly Wind, he flretched over for the Ifle
of May , and about Dufk was abreaft the Kalyete ,
about two Leagues Offing*. From hence he kept
to the Eaflward, coafting along the Ifland by
Paa Seco and Navia Coveraada ; the Iflanders
making Fires at each Place as he paffed, in Hopes
he would land there: But he held-on his Courfe
C balloons till he thought himfelf part the Ghalloons ; which
R'-cks, js a Ledge of broken Rocks ftriking a long Way
off from the North-Eall Side of the Ifland. Af¬
ter this, he fleered as dire&ly as he could for
Kalyete St. Jorje in Bona Vijia: But it falling
calm, and meeting with variable light Airs, he
drove in the Channel, between the two Iflands,
near three Weeks ; and being forced to bear
away round the South-End of the Ifland, he had
Surprifmg an Opportunity of obferving the Reef, or, as the
Rfe/‘ Pilots call it, a River , which runs off a great W ay
from the Land, at leaft, a League and an half ;
fo far off, he believes, he favv the Sea break. It
is a Ledge of funken Rocks and great Stones;
and from a Mile’s Diftance off to the Shore are
feveral Swatches and Channels to go through,
having Water enough for any Ship. There was
a great rowling Swell, and the Wind frefhened-
up, veering to the South-Eaft, which made the
Sea break there. He believes, there might be two
or three Fathoms, or more, where he went over.
This Breaking, every where, was fo much like
that againft a Rock, that he was not a little
feared with it. At laft, he got into Kalyete St.
orje ; but there being no convenient Key or
ock to land at, he got-up to the Englijh Road
B>a Vifta, two Days after ; where was a Portuguese Launch
left by the Pirates, and given by them to Domingo
Gonfalvo , who lent her to the Author. Having
launched her, he brought her aboard, and fet all
Hands to get-in Salt ; but this being the rainy
Seafon, he was three Weeks in getting a Cargo:
It was then the Middle of Augujl , 1724.
About this Time, there came a Sail into this
Road, a Sloop belonging to Brijlol. The Captain
was very kind to Roberts, and would fain have had
him gone with him, which he was very willing
to do, till he came to underftand the Defign of
the Voyage; which, he adds, would no Ways
agree with what you may call humane or universal
Juftice, neither was it fafe : But he did not think
proper to fay any more of it ; which is the only
Reafon alfo, he fays, why he has not mentioned
the Gentleman’s Name : However, to prevent
Miflakes, he affures the Reader, it was not Pi¬
racy.
t> e Verde Islands.
1 The Author living well on board this Sloop, 1724,
fell into a Fever, by Change of Diet, notwith- Roberts,
{landing all his Caution. In his Sicknefs, he was VTv“'~'
carefully tended by the Captain; who alfo, at jJlffi 1
parting, gave him, out of the Medicine Cheft,
fome Sp. Sal. Armon. Tindl. Antimonii , 01. Sulph.
per Camp, and fome Tberiach Andromachi , &c.
with Pil. Math. ^ ft ; and ordered fome Bread
to be put in the Boat, and a Dozen of Wine,
half a Dozen of Brandy, a Piece of Loaf-
b Sugar, fome Butter, Oatmeal, Flour, and what
elfe he could then think would be neceflary for
him.
He had the Bifhop of Stj. Jago , and the Vifi- d worthy
tador General, with their Attendants, on board, Fr,md-
who were going their Vifitation round the Iflands;
and after that, the Vifitador was to vifit all the
Coaft of Guinea , under the King of Portugal.
The Bifhop, all the Time, obferving the Friend-
{hip and Freedom that palled between them, afked
c the Captain, Whether Roberts was related to him?
He anfwered, Yes ; that he was a Chrijlian , a
Proteftant, a Man, a Countryman, and a better
Man than himfelf, though he had the Misfortune
to fall into the Hands of Pirates ; and that his
Countrymen always ufed one another fo A.fter
this he prefently fet Sail.
The Evening following, Roberts alfo failed for
St. Nicholas , the chief Ifland for Affes: Which isS*l*f Sfj
the firft Commodity generally traded for in thefe K oa*’
d Iflands, and that commonly in November or Dt~
cember ; thofe that come in January , ufually
loading Salt. Here he arrived, and turned into
a Road, called Porto Ghuy , there being lefs Sea.
tumbling-in than at Paraghifi\ whither he went
next Day, and quickly difpofed cf his Salt, Mea-
fure for Meafure, for Maiz, or Indian Corn..
The Day after his Arrival here, it beginning
to rain fome fmall Rain, Roberts was afraid of a
Southerly or Wefferly Vv/ind coming; which was
e all the Winds could hurt him : But the Blacks
faid, he need not fear that ; and {hewing him a
Sugar-Loaf Hill, called Monte Fradre , told him,
that mifty Cap, which the Top of it was covered
with, was always a Sign of a Northerly Wind.
But, notwithftanding this Mariner’s Hope, a
Storm arofe, which quickly ftaved the Balandra
to Pieces againft the Rocks : However, they all
had firft got fafe afhore out of her.
Soon after, he went-up to Town, and having &lhtbt
f brought Letters from the Bifhop, whom he faw WrtA%
at Bona Vijia , to the two Fradres of St. Anthony ,
alfo from the Prieft, who attended the Biftiop,
(being the fame that was at St. Nicholas , when
the Pirates took him there) to his Succeffor, the
prefent Prieft there, he was very kindly received
here by them all; and the Prieft wanting Wood
to enlarge the Choir- Part of his Church, bought
the Wreck that was fayed and left here, as
above*-
Voyages to the Cape
1724. abovcmentioned ; for which he gave the Author a
Roberts, ten Dollars. It feems, the Prieft had faved it,
(perhaps, with this View) by charging them all
at Church, under Pain of Excommunication, not
to touch it ; and pronounced Damnation to every
one who fhould wrong him of Co much as a Nail.
RO B E RTS receiving this Money foon after,
which made him richer in Calh than he had been
for fome Years before, bought a large Hog for a
Dollar and a half, and had it killed ; and would
not fell the Maiz and Fefhoons, which he got for b
his Salt, and lay at Paraghifi ; but, taking about
five Bufhels for himfelf, left the reft (being about
fifty Bufhels) for thofe who wanted moft.
Englifo SBip Here, falling into a Tertian Ague, he pafTed
*mv:s, the Time, or rather lingered on, tiil about the
latter Part of October ; when, to his great Satif-
fadtion, News was brought of an Englijh Ship
being arrived at the Ifland, and that Ihe anchored
at the Port of Terrafal . While he was getting-
ready a Horfe to go thither, he received a Letter c
from the Captain, whofe Name was John Har-
foot , who happened to know him ; and being
told by the Blacks of him, at his firft Arrival,
fent that Letter to invite him to come aboard
him, if poflible, next Day. He accordingly
went, and aftifted the Captain in difpofmg of his
Cargo ; and when they had finifhed their Bufi-
aefs there, they weighed, intending for Barba-
dees, where Captain Harfoot was bound : But ran
firft to Bona Vijla , where he ftayed four Days; d
from thence, he went to the Ifle of May, for two
Days ; and then proceeded for the Mand of St.
Jago , and anchored in Porto Praya : Where they
met with an Englijh Ship, come from the Coaft
of Guinea , with a Cargo of Slaves, Wax, Teeth,
&C. and bound for Lisbon. The Captain’s Name.,
was Mofes Durel , of Pool, in Dorfetjhire : The
Ship was called the Merry Thought. Tire Owners
were, Mr. Lewen , Merchant, of London ; Mr.
de Verde Islands. 627
Henry Gibs, Merchant, in Lisbon-, and the Cap- 1725.
tain himfelf. Roberts,
This being a more direct Paflage homeward, v— -"'v ■“*
than Captain Harfoot' s, and the Author being in- fff
vited to it by Captain Durel , agreed to take his
Paflage with him. Accordingly they failed from
Porto Praya , on the fifteenth of November , and
anchoring at the City next Day, where they filled
the Remainder of the Water they wanted, and
took in the reft of the Negros Provifions, about
the nineteenth of November, they failed for Porto
Cidadc, and ftretched away to the Northward ; but
the Ship proving leaky, were forced to put in at
St. Lucia : Where, the Captain letting go the'
Anchor too foon, (there being only the Foretop-
fail handed) a Flaw of Wind came-off the high
Land, and drove the Ship off the Bank out of the
Soundings ; and being in a very bad Condition,
Roberts advifed the Captain to bring her down
to Barbadoes, as the fhorteft and eafieft Run.
There were aboard her about an hundred and For.-ed to
eighty Slaves, a Portuguese Supercargo, Scrivan,
Tunneleer a, and Singore Antonio de Barra, late
Governor of Cacheu: Which laft objecting to
Barbadoes , as being but an Mand ; Roberts told
him, true, it was an Mand, but he doubted whe¬
ther he could have any Thing at Lisbon , which
was not at Barbadoes, except a King, a Patriarch,
a Nobleman, and a Bifhop : At which the Go¬
vernor finding, they all agreed to go thither ; the
Supercargo, Scrivan, CAc. figning a Paper to tef-
tify, as was neceflary, their free Confent. Ac¬
cordingly, making for Barbadoes , they arrived
there in Carlifle Bay, Chrijhnas-Day , 1724;
and in lefs than three Months, failing from thence,
he arrived firft at Lisbon-, where, meeting with
Alexander Baxter, Mafter of the Pricket Brigan¬
tine, the Mafter generoufly gave both him and Arrival at
the Boy a Paflage to London ; where they arrived London*
towards the latter Part of June , 1725.
CHAP. VI.
A Defcription of the Cape de Verde Iflands.
INTRODUCTION.
WE meet with a great Number of Voyagers
who give fome Account of one or other
iierVi Ac- of the Cape de Verde Iflands, which they touched
}unt> at in their Courfes Southward ; but know of
none who has publifhed a Defcription of them
all, except Captain Roberts : For which Reafon,
we (hall make it the Foundation of ours; aug¬
menting and improving it from the Remarks of
0 there.
This Author having, in the firft Part of his
Book, given the Hiftory of his own Adventures,
(in the Courfe of his Voyage to thefe Iflands) at
the End thereof prefents the Reader with a more
particular Account of their Nature , Situations , and
Productions, Manners of the People , &c. This
Defcription was drawn up from the Remarks
made by Mr. Roberts , formerly, when he traded to
thofe Ifands, as well as at the Time he was laft
the Clerk and Cooper.
there
Scrivano and [onelero , are
4 L 2
Description of the Cape
there ; when he was among them as a Traveller , a
and , as he might fay, an Inhabitant. To thefe
Obfervations of his own, he has added fuch
others, collected from the Reports of the Natives
themfelves, as he could rely upon a, and judged
material. For as thefe People have many confufed
Notions , confijling of a Mixture of the Guinea
Traditions , brought from thence by their Fore¬
fathers , end the too-too common Romifh Legendary ,
deluftve Miracles , the Author fays, he has omitted
tnofl of fuch Fopperies b. b
This Defcription, as hath been obferved be¬
fore c, takes up fixty-eight Pages, which is but
little more than one fixth Part of the whole
Book. The Author feems to have publifhed it
chiefly for the Sake of the Englijh trading thither d.
Pie only regrets, in his Dedication, that he was
not qualified to ferutinize more exactly into the
Salts, Minerals, &c. which he had fo fine an
Opportunity of doing. But as he had then no
Thoughts of appearing in Print, fo he had taken c
no Notes, but what were in confufed Scraps of
Paper, for Want of a Book to minute them in
regularly. v
T o this Defcription properly belongs his Map
or Chart of the Ifiands : The Exactnefs of which,
is afierted by him in feveral Places of his Book :
Particularly, at the End % he exprefles himfelf
thus : “ You may fee a Profpedt of Rivera des
“ Barkas, and the reft of the Roads, as well as
“ the Shape of the feveral Ifiands, in the Draughts d
here annexed, (meaning, doubtlefs, his Chart) ;
“ which although they are not altogether fo ex-
“ a<ft and curious as I could have wiflied them,
iC by Reafon of the Want of Conveniences and
“ neceflary Utenfils, yet fo far I can affirm, as
“ to the moft material Parts, they may be in-
“ tirely depended upon.” Indeed, as it appears
from the Courfe of his Voyage, to be found in
the preceding Chapter, that he coafted moft of the
Ifiands, and palled often from one to the other, e
his Chart feems to claim a Preference to thofe
publifhed by others, with refpeit to the mutual
Bearing and Diftance, as well as the Figure and
Magnitude of them f ; but it may be queftioned,
whether it excels in Point of Situation : For al¬
though we find the Latitude of every Ifland, as
well as its Longitude, from Cape Verde , at the Head
of the refpe&ive Defcription, yet it does not appear.
de Verde Islands.
that thofe Latitudes were obferved, except that of Introdua.
Paraghif : As for the reft, if they were taken,
he mentions no particular Places of Obfervation ; jtt
fo that they can be of little Ufe. It may, per¬
haps, be fuppofed, that they are to be taken for
the Adiddle of the Ifiands ; becaufe, he fays, that
of Boa Vifla muft : But this Rule holds good
only with regard to Mayo and St. Philip's ; for
the North Coafts of the Ifiands of Sal and St.
John's , and the South Coafts of St. Jago , St.
Nicholas , and St. Anthony , anfwer to the Latitudes
given in the Book. Neither does his Map tally-
much better with the Longitudes, fet down in his
Defcription ; for although they agree pretty well
with the Situation of the Eaft Sides of Sal and
Boa Vifla, St. Jago and St. Philip's , yet the Eaft-
Side of Mayo lies farther Weft by four Minutes,
and that of St. John's twenty Minutes, whilft
the moft Eaft Coaft of St. Nicholas fails fr0,K
twenty-two Minutes, and that of St. Antonio fifty- ^ y'r
three. Hence it is evident, either that his Lon¬
gitudes and Latitudes are not exa£t, or, that his
Draughts are not laid down with due Care. This
is the more ftrange, becaufe the Contrariety might
have been eafily avoided ; and Captain Roberts
would have his Chart pafs for a very good one.
However, from what has been faid before, we confi-
dcr it as fuch ; and are willing to account for the
Imperfections we have pointed out, by fuppofing,
that the Author did obferve the Latitudes for par¬
ticular Places, but forgot to infert their Names ;
and that the Longitudes were taken from the
Map by Guefs, or, poffibly, mifprinted.
It muft alfo be obferved, that although Mr. Placet emir-
Roberts has inferted fome Places on the Coafts, uoX.ted'
to be found in other Charts, (which he cenfures g)
yet he has omitted feveral mentioned in his De¬
fcription, as well as by other Authors : Some of
Confequence ; as in the Ifiand of St. Jago , the
Capital of that Name, or Ribeira Grande , and
St. Domingo Abapcu. Neither has he marked the
Situations by a fmall Circle, in Order to afeer-
tain the Spot where the feveral Places ftand ; or,
in his Defcription of the Coaft, fet down the
Courfe and Bearing, except feldom, and that not
exa&ly enough to fupply the Defeat, which we
have in Part done from other Authors ; fome of
whom have treated pretty fully of particular
Ifiands, or Parts of them.
a Thefe Reports, he fays, he mentions with Caution. See before, p. 599. b. b With regard to the Truth
of what he writes, he fays, he can affure the Reader, that he has delivered no Falfty, either in the Hi ft or y of him¬
felf, or in his Defcription of thefe People and Ifiands. See his Voyages, p. 453. c See p. 599. d. d Roberts.
e P. 453. f Captain Roberts's Chart differs from ours as to the Shape and Magnitude of fome of the Ifles,
but agrees pretty well with refpeft to the Pofition of them all, excepting thofe oi St. Philip and St. John, or
Futgo and Brava, which, in our Chart, lie North and South ; in his, Eaft and Weft : This we take to be the
right Pofition, from his frequent Trips made between thofe two Ifiands. We muft likewife inform our Readers,
that, through an Overfight in correcting our Chart, St. Lucia is named St. Vincent , and this St. Lucia.
* See before, p. 615. e„
SECT,
Description of the C ape de
Ceneral De*
i'cription.
Name.
Numler,
' Situation.
Verde
amifs
SECT. I.
Of the Cape de Verde IJIands in general.
Name of the Iflands , whence. Their Number , Situ¬
ation , Air, Soil, and Products ; Cattle , Fowl,
Turtles. Provifions plenty. Trade. Dif covey
and Settlement. How peopled by Blacks. Go¬
vernment, Revenue, Strength : Cotton , Nitre.
Tides : Their Courfe and Strength. Currents.
Seafons. Travado’s and Turnado’s.
Islands.
And Beeckman obferves,
629
that G^netal De-
feription.
a mark is not
they afford a mod pleafant Vifta to thofe who
fail between them. Mayo , which is the neareft
of them to Cape de Verde, lies about ninety-three
Leagues to the Weft: by North off it c. Thefe
Iflands lie very convenient for the Refrefhment
of Shipping in their Way to Guinea , or the Eaji
Indies ; and few Englijh, Dutch, or French Eaji
Indiatnen, but call here outward-bound : Their
own Brafil Fleet never fails d.
b All Authors agree, that the Air of thefe Air.
Iflands is extremely hot and unwholefome. Sir
Richard Hawkins fays, that they are reckoned to
HE Portugueze, who difeovered thefe Iflands, be fituate in one of the mod: unhealthy Climates
’ the World That he had been th
HP
call them las Ilhas de Cabo Verde. The
Cape took its Name from the perpetual Verdure
with which it is covered ; and the Iflands from
the Cape, ( which they lie off) as the Name im¬
ports. They alfo give them the general Name of
las Ilhas Verdes, either by Way of Contraction,
or elfe from the green Herb, called Sargoffo, from
itsRefemblance toWater-Crefles; which floatson
the Water all round, bearing a Berry like the
white Goofe-berry. They cover the Sea, from
the twentieth to the twenty-fourth Degree, fo
m-
thick, that they feem to be floating Iflands,
tended to obftruCt the Paftageof Ships, it not being
eafy, without a flrongGale, to pafs through them a.
The Dutch call them The Salt Jfands , from the
great Quantity of Salt which they afford.
These Iflands are ten in Number, viz. Sal, <
Boa Vijla, Mayo, St. Jago, Fuego, Brava, St.
Nicolau, St. Lucia , St. Vincente, and St. Antonio.
Some reckon twelve, and others fourteen, in¬
cluding four little Ifles, or rather Rocks, name¬
ly, thofe of Ghuuy and Carneera to the North of
Brava ; and Chaon and Branca to the Weft: of
St. Nicolau.
They take-up a little above three Degrees
from South to North, and the fame Number
from Eaft to Weft : Lying between fourteen De¬
grees thirty Minutes, and feventeen Degrees forty-
five Minutes of Latitude, and between the fourth
and feventh Degrees of Longitude from Ferro.
Sal, Boa Vijla, and Afayo lie moll to the Eaft
from North to South : St. Jago, Fuego, and
Brava to the South from Eaft to Weft ; and St.
Nicolau, St. Lucia , St. Vicente , and St. Anton,
to the North -Weft, in a Range from South-
Eaft to North -Weft. Ovington i ays, they fpread
themfeves in Form of a Crefcent, whofe Convex
is turned towards the Continent b, which Re¬
in tne vv orid : i nat ne naa been tnere twice,
and loft half of his People both Times with Fe¬
vers and Fluxes e. This he attributes to their
great Heat and Want of Rain; the Earth is fo
hot, a Man well fhod cannot bear to go where
the Sun ftiines. The North-Eaft Breeze comes
on a little before four o’Clock in the Afternoon,
the greedy Catching of which kills many. For
this the Inhabitants are provided, by putting on
a Night-Cap, upon that a Montero, and a Hat
over all on their Heads; covering their Bodies
with a Suit of thick Cloth, and upon it a Gown’
furred or lined with Cotton or Bayes (. Sir
Richard farther obferves, that the Moon alfo in
this Climate, as in the Coaft of Guinea, and in
all hot Countries, hath* great Power over the
Body of Man ; and that therefore it is beft never
to deep in the open Air, or with a Scuttle or.
Window open s.
BEECKA1AN obferves, that the Soil of fomeSo// andPrf
of the Iilands is ftony and barren, as particularly iuai'
that of Sal, Boa Vijla, and Mayo. Sal and
Mayo have a great Number of wild Horfes ; Mayo,
beftdes wild Horfes, has a much greater Multi¬
tude of wild Goats, and fuch a prodigious Quan¬
tity of Salt, that it could load (as is reported) a-
: bove two thoufand Sail of Ships. The other
Iflands are more fertile, and produce Rice, Maiz,
or Indian Wheat, Banano’s, Lemons, Citrons,
4 Oranges, Pomegranates, Cocoa-Nuts, Pigs and
Melons : There is fome white Cotton and Sugar-
Canes, of which they have a double Crop. The
Goats generally bring forth three or four Kids at
once, and that very often thrice a Year h, and
the Vines bear twice.
DAMPI ER takes Notice, that for the moll
f Part thefe Iflands have the fame Beafts and Birds
alfo; but fome have Pafturago. and Employment
a It cannot be faid whence this Verdure comes to this Part of the Ocean at about an hundied and fluy Leagues
from the Coaft of Africa, and where the Sea has no Bottom, there being none any-where elfe. See Mandeljlo’s
Travels into the Indies, p. 271. b See his Voyage to Surat, p. 40. c See his Voyage to Bor¬
neo, p. 8. d Philips's Voyage to Africa and Barbadoes in 1693, in Churchill's Collection, vol.6. p. 188.
* To thefe two Difeafes, proceeding from the Air, fome add the Gripes, or Behy ach. f Sii jobn Ilanv-
kins's Voyage to the South-Sea in 1593, p. 27. * Ibid. p. 28. b Beeckman' s Voyage to Borneo
in 1713, p. 9.
4
for
Description of the C'a p e de Verde Islands.
far particular Beads more than others ; and the a
Cattle.
Few/.
Prtvifion
plenty.
‘Trade,
Birds are incouraged by Woods for Shelter, and
Maiz and Fruits for Food, to flock rather to fome
(as that of St. Jago) than to others*.
Their principal Cattle are Goats and Sheep,
having few Oxen and Cows. Dampier fays, A 'Fes
are a Commodity in fome of thefe Iflands, fe\eral
Englifo Ships coming hither purpofely to freight
with them, and carry them to Barbadoes, and our
other Plantations b.
Their greateft Wealth confifts in Goat-Skins b
and Salt, fent from Sal, Boa Vifa, Mayo, and
St. Jago. Barbot fays, they drefs the Goat-Skins
very finely in the Nature of Turky Leather; and
Beeckman aflirms, the bed Cordovants are made
•of them c.
DAPPER declares, Fowl and Poultry increafe
even to Admiration ; fuch as Hens, Cranes, Tur¬
tle-Doves, Turky Cocks, Moor Hens, Quails, and
Flamingos. This Account is confirmed b y Man-
delft o , who fays, that the Portuguese brought Bar - c
bary and common Hens, Peacocks, and Pigeons;
which, he adds, are fo increafed there with the
Partridges, Quails, and other fmaller Birds, that
People may fare well and cheap. There are alfo
Flamingos ; but above all, he fays, there are a-
bundance of Conies.
According to Barbate there is fuch Plenty
of Turtle in thefe Iflands, that yearly feveral fo¬
reign Ships refort thither* to catch and fait them
by whole Cargoes for the European Colonies in d
America. In the wet Seafon, they go afhore to
lay their Eggs in the Sand, which they leave to
be hatched by the Heat of the Sun. The Inha¬
bitants go out in the Night and turn them on
their Backs with Poles ; for they are fo large,
that there is no doing it with their Hands. The
Flefli of them well cured is as great a Supply to
the American Plantations, as Cod-Fifh is to Eu¬
rope d.
Mr. ATKINS obferves, that the Portuguese e
who inhabit them, welcome all Sorts of Ships (of
good or ill Defign) bound to Guinea , India, Bra -
Jil , or the Weji Indies, which frequently put-in
here, and get frefh Provifions for Trifles, chiefly
at St. Jago, the Principal e. Barbot fays, to thefe
Iflands the French Agents at Senega and Goeree
fend for Provifions, when there is any Scarcity in
thofe Parts of Nigritia, bartering Slaves, Linen
of all Sorts, and wearing Apparel.
In Sir Richard Hawkins's Time, about 1593,
they had great Trade at St. Jago, Fuego, Mayo, General De-
Bona Vifa , Sal, and Bravo, by reafon of their ,
Neighbourhood with Guyne and Bynne , [or Guinea ' * J
and Benin J efpecially in Negros. They had
Store of Sugar, Salt, Rice, Cotton Wool, Am-
bergreafe, Civet, Elephants Teeth, Brimftone,
Pumice-Stone, Spunge, and fome Gold, but little,
and that from the Main f.
The chief Trade of the Iflands in 1693, ac¬
cording to Captain Philips, was in Salt, (and
that at Mayo) which the Englifo Ships laded for
Newfoundland. Some Englifo Ships called likewife,
in their Way to the American Plantations, at this
Ifland, Bona Vifa , St. Nicholas , St. Vincent, See.
where they pure haled Affes very cheap ; which,
as all other Brutes, go off well at Barbadoes 8.
Captain Roberts obferves, that there is found on
mod of thefe Iflands a Sort of vegetable Stone,
defended hereafter in our Account of Alayo.
The fame Author relates, that thefe Iflands Difcwery
were all fo many Defarts, when difeovered \>y ?”d Sente.
the Portuguese, but the Time when, he could not”*” ’
learn from the Natives h. They fettled firft at <SY.
Jago, the largeft and mod fruitful of them :
From whence they fent out Colonies by Degrees
to the reft ; fome of which, however, were foon
quitted, the new Settlers being driven away for
want of Suftenance, occafioned by the extreme
Droughts and Want of Rain: Whence they be¬
came fo barren, that a great many Souls perifhed
by Famine. This Drought (in 1723) had con¬
tinued ftxteen or feventeen Years at Boa Vifa
and Alayo, and longer at the Ifland of Sal : Nor
have any of them of late had the rainy Seafons
fo kindly as formerly ; the high Lands have al¬
ways the moft of what Morfture falls. On this
Occafion the Natives fay, that the Mountains
draw and gather the Clouds, till they are fo pon¬
derous, that the Air being unable to bear their
Weight any longer, they break and fall down in
Rain : But that the low Iflands, fuch as Sal , Boa
Vijla , Mayo , Sic. not having high Mountains to
colle<ft and detain the Clouds, they blow over ;
and it is to this Caufe that they attribute thofe
Iflands fuffering the Drought more than the o-
thers.
Three of the ten large Iflands, vis. Sal , St. H,to peoples
Lucia, and St. Vicente, are without Inhabitants';^ Bladi'
the reft are peopled for the moft Part by Blacks or
Mulatto’s, which happened in the following Man¬
ner : You muft know, that the fir A. Portuguese
a Dampier s Voyage round the World, 1699, vol. 3. p. 25. b See Dampier s Voyage, vol. 3. p. 21.
c Voyage to Borneo, p. 10. d Defcription of Guinea, p. 539. c Atkins's Voyage to Guinea ,
1721, &c. p. 31. f Hawkins' s Voyage to the South-Sea, p. 29. 8 Philips's Voyage to Africa ,
See. p. 188. h See their Difcovery by Cada Mofto , p. 592. e. * Ovington writes, that ten of the
Iflands, though confiderable, were not inhabited ia 1689. §ee Voyage to Surat, p. 38. But this muft be
a great Miftake.
2 Settlers,
Description o/'/^Cape d e Verde Islands. 631
Ceneral De- Settlers a, particularly thofe on St. Jago , pro- a at the City of St. Jago, which was built by^the0”^.1 ^c*
fcuption. vided themfelves with Negro Slaves from Guinea
- - - - ’to do their Work ; and, as it was ufual with
them, to atone for their Sins on their Death Beds,
by giving one or more Slaves their Freedom,
thefe manumitted Blacks, being in a Climate
natural to them, increafed a-pace; and not brook¬
ing the lordly and opprefiive Deportment of the
Whites, found Means in Time to get tranfported
to the neighbouring Iflands, whither fome of the
Whites, feeing their Improvement, followed them: l
But the Portugueze Trade in thefe Parts declining,
by Means of other Nations finding-out the Way
to Guinea , and the Eajl Indies , the Blacks grew
to be fo much fuperior in Number, that they
infilled to be put on an equal Footing with the
Whites ; who, rather than fubmit to this, retired
to St. Jago or Portugal , leaving but a few poor
People behind, who were glad to join with the
Blacks on their own Terms ; and inter-marrying
with them, their Defcendants, by that Mixture,
grew from Mulatto’s to be Copper-coloured Ne¬
gros : So that now you {hall fee as great Variety
of Negros on thefe Iflands, as is to be met with
throughout the whole Coaft: of Guinea b.
Cnenmer.t. Th u s all the Iflands came to be peopled ;
which being obferved by the Court of Portugal ,
the King bellowed them among his Nobles, re-
ferving to himfelf only St. ''Jago , (and of late St.
Philip’s .) However, the Governor of St. Jago
has the Title of General of ail the Cape de Verde
Iflands, and the Coaft of Guinea , from Rio Sa-
naga , to Sierra Leona , &c. The other Lords fleck¬
ing each his own Ifland with Cows, Goats, &c.
leave the Government to a Deputy ; their Autho¬
rity not being much, as the foie Power of punifh-
ing by Fine, Limb, or Death, was lodged at
firft in the Governor of St. Jago : But of late
an Officer, called an Ovidor , (much the fame
with the Juftices of Affize in England ) has been
eflablifbed : Who is vefted with all the civil Jurif-
diclion, and has alfo the Infpedtion and Manage¬
ment of the Crown Revenues, &c. the military
Part only being referved to the General c.
Sevtnut, SAINT JAGO is the clearing Port for all
Strength. Ships trading from any Part of the King of Por¬
tugal’s, Dominions, to that Part of Guinea ; but
notwithstanding this, the Crown Revenues from
thefe Iflands are but fmall, lying between Cape
de Verde and Sierra Leona. However, he is not
at much Charge in keeping them: For as there is
never a Fortification but on St. Jago and St. Phi-
Spaniards , when Portugal was under their Do-,^^°on' _p
minion ; fo they are defended by their own Mi¬
litia, without the Affiftance of any of the King’s
Forces d.
It muft be obferved, that the Inhabitants of
St. Jago and St. Philip's , holding their Lands im¬
mediately from the Crown, are upon a more
fettled Footing than thofe of the other Iflands,
who fhift their Landlords or Proprietors as oft as
the King pleafes.
Mr. ROBERTS fays, he could fay a great dea iCxtm.
more of the Cotton Manufacture in the Cape de
Verde Iflands e ; and feems ftrongly of Opinion,
that the Ships might be furnifhed better and
cheaper both with Provifion and Barafools, or
Cotton Cloths, for the Guinea- Slave Trade from
hence, than from England ; but yet would not
take upon him to determine how far it might be
prejudicial to the Trade of Provifions bought
here for the Slaves. ^
He could likewife much enlarge on the Nitre Nitre found
produced in fome of thefe Iflands, but obferves^™*
he has faid enough to give the World Information
concerning a Particular, which, for the raoft
Part, was unknown to Europe before. He owns,
that, fome Years before, a confiderable Quantity
of it had been fent to Portugal from St. Vincent ,
where it was gathered ; but fays, no more was ex¬
ported thither, the greater Part of it having been
found of the fame Nature with Sea-Salt. This
he confirms by his own Trial made at the fame
Place upon fome Nitre, which would but faintly
kindle, and not above one Eighth fly away, the
reft being fixed, and in Tafte like Sea-Salt. But,
he fays, in other Places of the fame Ifland, there
did not remain, after burning, above one Half,
and in fome not a Quarter, of fixed inflammable
Salt: And at St.John’s it is moflly fo volatile,
that it would all fly away, except gathered near
. the Sea ; the Reafon of which he leaves for the
Curious to examine f.
Captain ROBERTS obferves, that the Sea 77^, ,
about thefe Iflands keeps a regular Influx and Re¬
flux every fix Hours and fome Minutes ; and that
the Spring and Neap-Tides do likewife keep their
due Courfes, unlefs when affe&ad by the fhifting
Winds, iAc. which are more frequent here than
other Parts: But let the Weather be eyer fo
in
Up’s, and none of any Strength, excepting that
calm, yet the Sea runs more high againft the
Rocks, and even in the Bays about the Full and
Change of the Moon, than in or near the Quar¬
ters. At thefe Times the Captain has taken No-
of the Cape
which caufed
between St.
Crvrfe and
Strength,
632 Description
Cenc'a^Dc. tJce, that in a ftrong Gale of Wind,
a great Sea to run in the Channel
Philip's and St. John's ; yet in the Fuurno (a Bay
in the latter! the Sea has been very fmootb. On
the contrary, near the Full and Change, when
perhaps it had been calm three or four Days be¬
fore, and the Channel fmooth almoft as the
Thames ; yet again ft the Shore the Sea heaved-up
in fuch Manner, that even in the Fuurno there
was no putting a Boat aftiore to the Beach or
Strand, without Danger of being filled w ith Wa¬
ter by the Rowling and Breaking of the Sea there¬
on ; and although you might at the fame Time
land fafe enough at the Quay, yet there the
Waves rofe and fell as if a great Sea ran with¬
out.
The Flood fets to the North Eaft ward, and
the Ebb to the South Weftward, unlefs checked
or turned by the Points or Sides of the Ifiands ;
(the EfFe£b of which, upon the Stream, are fhewn
by the Darts in the Flap 3 about St. John's) which
he obferved there, and are a Rule for judging of
the reft. A good Tide, both Ebb and Flood, runs
between St. Jago's and St. Philip' s, and a ftronger
between this and St. John's ; as alfo between this
and the little Iflands to the North of it : But the
ftrongeft are in the Channels between thofe Elands
lying in the Way from St. Nicholas to St. An-
tony , efpecially the narrow Channel between St.
Lucia and St. Vincent, which, in Spring -Tides,
run very ftrong, viz. as fwift as it does in any
Part of the Thames , to Captain Roberts’ s thinking,
for he had no Conveniences for knowing ex¬
actly b.
The fame Author takes Notice, that befides
the fhifting Winds, and Points of Land, a third
Caufe of altering the ordinary Courfe of the
Tides are the Currents, the exa& Quantity or
Quality of which, it is true, is not certainly
found. Yet fo much is known of their Quality,
that a little before the rainy Seafon, which is in
June , July , Augujl , and Part of September , the Cur¬
rent generally, though not conftantly, fets to the
North Eaftward : And then at a determinate Dif-
tance from the Elands, the Floods generally fet
-ftronger through thofe Channels, or about the
Elands, than the Ebbs ; and contrariwife, when
the Currents fet to the South-Weftward, which
is generally, though not conftantly, in the latter
Part of the Rains, and fome Time after, viz.
November , December , and July, then the Lee or
South -Weft Currents are generally fwifter than
the Windward or North-Eaft Currents c.
de Verde Islands.
Currents .
a These feveral Currents depend on the Seafons, SaI Md
which do not always come exa&ly; though they,
generally do about the fame Time of the Year . $eafoni.
In the latter End of June they expert Rain,
with faint Southerly Winds ; which now and
then they have not till fome Time in July, or,
perhaps, the Middle of Augujl. In September
they have generally, though not conftantly, Eaft
South-Eaft, South-Eaft and South South-Eaft
ftrong Winds, with the Rain : In Oficbcr, South
b South -Weft, South -Weft, and towards the latter
End Weft North-Weft and North- Weft Winds,
with Thunder, Lightning, and heavy Rain, and
fometimes ftrong Winds ; but they feldom hold
long. Between thefe Rains, and a little before,
you {hall have calm, ferene Air, variable light
Breezes and Breathings of Wind ; and at that
Seafon, a fmall Southerly Gale will raife a greater
Sea than a ftrong Northerly one: But the light
Airs feldom raife a Sea. In November, if it rains,
c a Northerly Wind generally blows frefh, and
fometimes ftrong ; but heavy Rain foon lays it,
and, afterwards, beats the Sea down fmooth.
After the rainy Seafon it is commonly very
hazy, efpecially by Day ; and often from the Be¬
ginning of November (if it ceafe to rain fo foon)
till the latter End of January ; and all that
Time, it generally blows pretty ftrong and far
Northerly, moftly North North-Eaft, and North-
Eaft by North : But in February , March, and
d April, moftly North-Eaft by North ; from thence
to the Rains more Eafterly ; and as the W ind veers
to the Eaftward, it decreafes and blows weaker.
When it blows the ufual Wind to bring the
Rain according to the Seafon, and blows ftrong Tn^iio’s,
and fudden, it is then ufually foon over, and cal- *’a‘do>s“r‘
led a Travado ; but when it blows violently, with
Thunder and Lightning, it is then called a Tur-
nado d.
e S E C T. II.
Of the Jfands of Sal and Boa Vifta,
I. The Ife of Sal, or Salt.
Situation. Bay of Palmera, and Morderea. The
JjJancl deferted. Its bad Condition. Fefhoon
plenty. Dates. Water. Mear Fijh. Amber-
greafe. Few Inhabitants. Animals. Flamingo
Nefls. The Bird deferibed.
f rT^HIS is the windermoft of all the Cap e situation,
de Verde Elands, being fituated, according
to Captain Roberts c, in Latitude feventeen De-
a Thefe Darts are omitted in his Map.
p. 456, y feqq, . i Ibid. p. 456, fcf f n*
See Roberts's Voyage, p. 454* & fey?’
e See his Voyages, p. 389.
Ibid.
grees,
Description of the Cape d e Verde Islands. 633
Sal. grees North, and Longitude five Degrees, eighteen ;
v“— ■ -'Minutes Weft, from the Cape \ It is pretty
clear all round from Shoals and Rocks, and af¬
fords tolerably good Riding, except in the rainy
Seafon. The Road before the Town of Palmer a
is the raoft noted, looking like two Bays, with a
rocky Point in the Middle.
Biytf Pal- This Bay lies on the Weft Side of the Ifland,
rTlw3’ and is cafily known by three Palm-trees, from
which the Name is taken: They are ftill handing,
and are the only Trees of the Kind on the Bland.
To the Southward of the Bay, about a Mile, or
half a League, there is a little Ble, which is al¬
ways white with Fowls Dung, as if covered with
Snow. To enter the Bay therefore, bring the
Trees Eaft by North, and run-in till the little
Ifland bears South- Weft. This is the beft of the
Road. You may, with a fmall Veflel, turn up
into the Northern Bay, and anchor any where
in three Fathom, or three and an half. When
you are toward Raabadejbunk , it appears like a
fine Bay, yet it is all foul Ground : But having
And Morde- pafled the Point of Morderea , you may anchor
«a. any-where in the Bay of that Name, and in
what Depth you plcafe, in clean Ground. Like-
wife, a little Way up the Land, Water may be
filled, by fetting an empty Cafk in the Sand.
There are fever a l other Bays where fmall Veflels
may anchor, but thefe are the principal b.
Of the five Hills, that are upon Sal, that to
the North is the higheft, and next to this, that
to the Eaft ; both which appear in the Form of
Sugar- Loaves. This Bland, formerly, was well
flocked with Goats, Cows, and Aftes : But,
about the Year 1705, not long before Mr. Ro-
Sal defirttd. berts went afhore there, it was intirely deferted,
for Want of Rain, by all the Inhabitants, except
one old Man, who refolved to die on it ; as he
did the fame Year. The Drought had been fo
extreme for fome Time, that moft of the Cows
n> fad Con- and Goats died for Want of Suftenance ; but Rain
d:lm> falling, they increafed a-pace ; till, about three
Years afterwards, they were again reduced by an
odd Accident ; a French Ship, coming to fifti for
Turtle, (which refort there in great Numbers), by
Strc-fs of Weather, or fome other Means, left be¬
hind her thirty Blacks, which fhe had brought
from St. Antonio to carry on the Fifhing. Thefe
People finding nothing elfe, fed moftly on wild
Goats, till they had deftroyed them all but one old
He-goat, which was then on the Bland, and kept S.»i.
generally upon the Northern Mountain. They '-/'VNJ
killed aifo moft of the Cows ; fo that they were
at laft forced to eat Alfes.
About fixteen Months after, an Engliflj Ship
(bound for the Ille of Mayo, to take in Salt) per¬
ceiving the Smoak of feveral Fires, which the
Negros made, fent her Boat afhore; and think¬
ing they might be fome Ship’s Company wrecked
on the Ifland, put-in there ; and compaflaonating
their Cafe, took them all in, and fet them, on
their own Bland of St. Antonio. This Story Ro¬
berts had from one of the fame Blacks c.
The St. Nicholas-Bhcks, whom the Captain
brought off in 1722 d, told him, that there were
then nine Cows and Bulls, and that old He-goat
abovementioned, which they had feveral Times
feen, and a great many Afles ; but nothing near
the Number there were before the Drought.
At that Time, a little Fefhoon, that was fown Ffjtr.on pu*\
a few Years before in the Valley, at P aimer a. O'*
was the only Vegetable they had for Food. This
Plant thrives there very well. It fheds in Oflober
or November', and thei Seed finding a foft Bed in
the Valley, lies unhurt till Spring, when it ftiootsr
up again ; and laying-hold of the adjacent Silk-
Cotton Trees % climbs-up them like Hops in
England ; and is fit to eat about Augujl f. The
Silk-Cotton itfelf is of no great Ufe, only, in
feveral of thefe Blands, the Natives fluff Beds
with it : And the Author obferves, that it makes
the beft Tinder of any Thing he knew in the
World. The Wood yields a quick Blaze, but
is not lafting ; and when well dried, will quickly
take Fire by Fridlion ?.
The Dates here are as good as any on the Daw.
Coaft of Africa : But there is only one of the
three Palm-Trees that bears Fruit.
For about a Month after the Rains, the Wa¬
ter continues running in the Valley of Palmera ;
but then dries up: However, till after Chrijhnas, Water.
frefh Water may commonly be had there, by
digging a Well a little above the Palm or Date-
Trees h.
There is abundance of Land-Crabs and
Turtles thereabouts, like thofe in the JVe/l Indies.
And among the Fifh, with which this Place
abounds, there is one Sort, (by the Blacks called
Mear ) about the Bignefs of a Cod, but thicker, ^ Wear
and much flatter, which will take Salt, and cure^*
a According to our Chart, it lies about four Degrees thirty Minutes from Cape Verde, fo that the Difference
is but about twelve Minutes. Dampter in his Voyages, \ ol. 1. p. yo, fays it lies in fixteen Degrees No.tn La¬
titude, and nineteen Degrees thirty-three Minutes Well from the Lizard j which makes it about three Degrees
eight Minutes more than Captain Roberts computes. He farther oblerves, that it llretchet.i nom Noitn to
South about eight or nine Leagues, and is not above two Leagues wide. b Ibid. p. 390, c Ibid. p.
591. d See before, p. 6 01. e. e The Reader will find an Account of it at the Bland of Mayo, from
Dampter , who. Captain Roberts fays, has exadlly described it. f Roberts s Voyages, p. 39 1 . s Ro¬
berts's Voyage, p. 302, and 420. b Ibid.
Vol. I. N° XXXI. ‘ 4 M as
634. Description cf the Ca
Sal. as well as Cod ; and he is fure, he fays, a Ship a
L/'VNJmay gee a Cargo of thefe here, much fooner
than (he can lade with Cod at Newfoundland ;
he thinks they would fell as well, elpecially at
Tenerife ; and Salt being Co nigh, the Charge of
Curing would he lefs ; which too would be
greatly eafed, by having Blacks from St. Nicholas,
or St. Antony , who are very dextrous, both at
catching, as alfo at fplitting, faking and curing
all Kinds of Fifh a. #
Ambergreap. Am bErgrease is often found here in greater o
Quantities than upon any of the Iflands; but
mod of it is devoured by the wild Cats, or the
Green-Turtle b. Captain Datnpier takes Notice,
that while they (laid here, in 1683, one Coppin-
ger bought a Piece of falfe Ambergreafe, being of
a dark Colour, like Sheeps Dung, very foft, but
had no Smell. One Read , a Brijlol Man, told
him, once, that he had taken up a Piece, that
fwam by the Ship’s Side, at Fogo, which was true
Ambergreafe ; and his Matter had enriched him- c
felf by buying it there. At Niquebars , the Au¬
thor had been informed, there was fume very
good : But both there, and at the Gulph of Flo¬
rida, whence much of it comes, the Natives
will counterfeit it. Upon this Occafion, the
Author fays, one Mr. Hill , a Man of Integrity,
{bowed him a Bit, which he (Hill) had from one
Barker , whom he vouched to be a Man of Ve¬
racity, who found a large Piece upon the Shore,
a little above High-Water Mark, in the Bay of d
Honduras. Hill's Piece came-off this, and was
given him by Barker. It was of a dufky Colour,
towards black, about the Hardnefs of a mellow
Cheefe, and of a very fragrant Smell. Befides
thefe already mentioned, all the Places he ever
heard of any being found at, are Bermudas , and
the Bahama Iflands, in the Weft Indies ; as alfo,
that Part of the Coaft of Africa , with its adja¬
cent Iflands, which reaches from the Mofambiqut
to the Red Sea c. e
DAPPER fays, that Sal is almoft covered
with Stones ; and that it has neither Plants nor
Trees upon it, affording nothing but Goats,
which are killed every Year for their Skins.
Captain Cowley , who was at Sal , in 1683, found
no Fruits there, nor good frefh Water, but Plenty
of Fifh, and fome Goats, but very fmall d.
Prw Inbabi There were but five Perfons on it, viz. the f
n J '’Governor, a Mulatto, two Captains, one Lieu¬
tenant, and a Boy to wait upon them, all black ;
P E
de Verde Islands.
Sal.
but they fcorned to be accounted any other than
Portugueze ; for if any Man call them Negros,
they will be very angry ; faying, that they are
white Portugueze c.
Captain DAMPIER , fixteen Year after,
found not above five or fix Men on the Ifland ;
and a poor Governor, who brought a Piefent of
three or four lean Goats, affuring him, they were
the beft upon the Ifland. The Captain, in Re¬
quital, gave him a Coat ; for he had nothing but
a few Rags on his Back, and an old Hat, not
worth three Farthings; which yet, it was thought,
he wore but feldom, for Fear of wearing it quite
out before he got another ; for, he faid, there
had not been a Ship in three Years before. They
bought about twenty Bufhels of Salt of him for a
few old Cloaths : And he begged a little Powder
and Shot f.
LEGUAT , in 1689, faw here a wild Hone, Animth,
of reddifh-bay Colour, very finely fhaped, with a
ftately Cheft. He likewife faw a wild Cat, or
Fox, great Numbers of Goats and Affes; but
the Goats Flefh did not pleafe his Palate The
fame Author obferves, that a great Number of
Sea-Birds perched upon the Ship-Yards, and let
themfelves- be taken by the Hand ; fuch as Fools,
Frigates, Longtails, and other Birds ; but they
were not good to eat. All the Birds they met
with in the Ifland were Sparrows, not fo big as in
France h. He remarks, that they brought a
Swallow from the Canaries , which being let go
every Morning, returned to them at Night; but
was killed here at laft by Accident. The Shore,
is covered with Turtle ; efpecially in the Seafon
when they lay their Eggs. They turned (or
caught) two, gueffed to weigh five hundred
Pounds each. There are fine Shells on the Coaft,
which Leguat much admired l.
DAMPIER , who was at Sal , in 1699, ob-
ferves, that the Ifland is very barren. There is
not a Tree to be feen ; only a few fhrubby Bufhes
by the Sea-Side. There is no Grafs; and yet
fome poor Goats live on it : But he faw no other
Beafts on the Ifland ; and he judged there were
but few wild Fowl k.
LEGUAT obferves, with Captain Roberts
that Salt is made here in the Crevices of the Rocks,,
without Art, by the Heat of the Sun Captain,.
Cowley fays, that the Englijh Ships come often hi¬
ther to load Salt for the IVeJi Indies ; and that
the Salt-Ponds were near two Miles long *V
» Roberts's Voyage, />. 392:. b Ibid. p. 20. c Dampier s Voyage, Vol. 1. p. 72; d See
Cowley s Voyage, p. 4. in Dampier s Voyages, Vol. 4. e Their Meaning could not be, that they were
white, but that they were ancient Portugueze, or had the Blood of the old Portugueze in them ; Diltinction .
which is ftriftly kept up even among the Portugueze and Spaniards themfelves. f See Dampier s Voyages,,
Vol I p 70. 8 Leguat' s Voyage to the Eaji Indies, p. it. h Ibid. p. 10, 13, and 18. 1 Ibid,
f i\. ' k See Dampier' s Voyage, Vol. 1. p. 70. 1 Leguat, ubi fufira, p. 1 3. m Cowley S:
Voyage, p. 4. in Dampier' s Voyages, Vol. 4. Dampier himfelf, who Was here in 1699, fays, V ol. 1. p- 7°-
that the Ifland was full of Salt-Ponds, ^
Sr.l.
Description e///^ Cape deVerde Islands. 635
Dapper fays, that towards the South-Eaft: Point, a Name and Site. Huge Potatoe. Become barren. ^ Vi<b-
Fbmr-go
W/h.
near a white Tandy Bank, there are feventy-two
Salt-Pans.
We ihall conclude our Defcription of this
I (land with the Account of the Flamingos , and
their Nefts, given by Captain Dampier , who faw
fome of thefe Fowl here. They are a large
Fowl, fhaped like a Heron, but bigger, and of a
reddilh Colour a. They keep in great Compa¬
nies, feeding in Mud, or Ponds, or fuch Places
where there is not much Water. Here they
build their Nefts, fcraping the Mud together to
make little Hillocks a Foot and an half high from
the Bottom, and {landing out of the Water. They
make them broad at Bottom, but bring them up
tapering to the Top, where they leave a fmall
hollow Pit to lay their Eggs in ; and both in lay¬
ing and hatching of them, they {land with their
Feet on the Ground, and Legs in the Water,
clofe by the Hillock, againft which, having very
long Legs, they reft, covering the Neft with
their Rumps. They never lay more than two
Eggs, and feldom fewer
fly till they are almoft full-grow
prodigioufly faft ; yet he had taken many of
them. The Fiefh of both young and old is lean
and black, but very good Meat ; tailing neither
fifhy, nor any ways unfavoury. Their longues
are large, having a great Knob of Fat at their
Root, which is an excellent Bit ; a Difh of Fla¬
mingos Tongues being fit for a Prince’s Table. <
* tieBirdde - The young ones, at firft, are of alight-grey,
fcriied. growing darker, as their Wings fpring-out ; but
never come to their right Colour, or any beauti¬
ful Shape, under ten or eleven Months old. Thefe
Birds are very (hy, and therefore hard to {hoot ;
vet, he and two more, hiding themfelves, in the
Evening, near a Place where they reforted, kil¬
led fourteen of them at once; the firft Shot be¬
ing made while they were (landing on the
Ground, the other tw'o as they rofe. They com¬
monly (land upright, and clofe by each other,
exa&ly in a fingle Row (except when feeding) in
which View, at half a Mile’s Diftance, they look
like a Brick-Wall by a Pond’s Side; their Fea¬
thers being the Colour of new Brick b.
n. The Ifiand of Boa Villa c ; or. Good Sight.
Trade. Drefs of the Men: Of the Women.'
Their Lazinefs. Cotton. Indigo. Fijh. Soil.
Englilh Road. Portugueze Road. John Let-
ton Rock. Inhabitants. The Proprietor.
THIS was called Boa Vi Jl a , by the Pcrtu-Name> s,te •
gueze , becaufe the firft of the Cape de
Verde Blands difcovered by them d. The Body
of it lies in fixteen Degrees, ten Minutes, North
Latitude ; and in five Degrees, fourteen Minutes,
Weil Longitude, from the Cape; its Length,
from South-Eaft to North- Weft, is eight Leagues,
and Breadth, from North-Eaft to South- Weft,
where it is broadcft, about fifteen Miles e.
This, about thirty or forty Years ago, was
thought to be the moll plentiful of all the
Blands, for Cow'S, Goats, Hogs, Horfes, Afles,
Maiz, Pompion, Felhoon, Water-Melons, and
Potatoes: Of thislaft, Mr. Roberts ventures, from
the Difintereftednefs and Simplicity of the old
- — - . - Man, who was his Author, to relate what he
-. T he young ones can’t otherwife fhould think an incredible Story, which
full-grown, but will run is this : That about forty Years before, the Go-
is this: That about forty Years before, the Go- HugePotatoc,
vernor of Boa Vifta , among other Prefents (car¬
ried by an Englijh Ship that loaded Salt there,
and was to touch, as is ufual, at St. Jago , for
Water) fent a Potatoe fo large, that they were
forced to fling it in a Rope; and get two Men to
carry it between them, on a Handfpike, as
Brewers carry a Barrel of Beer in England f.
But that in 1722, there were no Potatoes Burnt far-
growing there, and very little of any thing elfe;™*
The Cows are likewife all deftroyed, except a-
bout forty, which belonged to the Lord of the
Soil : But fince that, Captain Manuel Domingo
got an Englijh Ship to bring him a young Bull
and a Heifer ; which, when Mr. Roberts was
laft there, were (as the Captain told him) in-
creafed to feven s.
Most of the Inhabitants have Goats; th tout.
Milk of which, help’d-out with Fifh and Turtle,
makes, fince the Famine, their chief Suftenance.
For the reft, their whole Dependence is on
Englijh Ships, which come there to lade ; and
often hire fome of them to work in the Salt
Pans ; befides their Afles, and Blacks to drive
them, to bring the Salt down to the Sea -Side ;
for which they pay them in Bilket, Flour, tfc.
a 71 landelHo fays that the Birds called by the Portugueze, Flamingos, found here, are white all over the
Of ** Colour o £ ““
p. 271. Others fay, of the 1 * .»• hv others Buena Villa, after the Spanijh. Some of our
feme called Bona Vifta according to the halt an s by others, ^ ^ p ^ c. Dr.
Maimers, as Captain Eberts, ca„1 . fr0I/f0Uy Hills which yield a fair Profpeft at a Diftance ; but as you
Fryer fays, it deferves this Appelk * . ... ^ Crawling of a Snake, the two remoteft figuring her
approach them, Ihew the Variety of Openings, like the wraw g ( iuj & <Tjl: /
Crown and Head. See his Travels, p. 5. e See Roberts' s Voyage, p. 393- ^
394- . A/T » or
4M 2
636 Description of the C
l his hud been the beff Ifland for breeding
Horfes and AiTes, in which they had a good
Trade % getting Provi lions, Cloaths, and fome-
times Money too for them. Raw-Silk is much
coveted by them, for working the Bofoms of
their Shirts, Shifts, Caps, Womens Jackets, and
Coifs; which they do curioufiy enough b.
D'fft 'f the I he Men generally ufe the European Drefs,
Me’’> there being few but what have Suits bought of the
EngliJJo, and have learned to make up Cloaths of
of tie JVo- their Cotton -Cloths. The Women, when d ref-
fed, wear Cotton-Cloths, wrapped about them
like Petticoats ; and tied with a Girdle above the
Flips, and fometimes without a Girdle, the Cor¬
ner of the Cloth only tucked-in. Their Shifts
are made like a Man’s Shirt [or rather like a
Frenchman's Cheat ] for they are cut oft' fo fhort,
that they don’t reach low enough to tie under
their Girdle. The Wriftbands, Collar and Neck
of the better Sort, cfpecially the younger ones,
have Figures wrought with a Needle in Silk of
divers Colours; but the poorer, particularly the
older Sort, take up with blue Cotton Thread
for this Work. Over their Shifts they wear a
Jacket, with Sleeves to button at the Arms ; not
above four Inches deep in the back Part, but
Jong enough before to tie with Strings under their
Breads : And over all, a Cotton-Cloth, by way
of a Mantle, which the married Women gene¬
rally chufe of a blue Colour; and the darker the
Blue, the richer it is reckoned : But the Maidens,
and gay young Wives, or Widows, wear blue
and w’hiteones; fome figured, as they call it,
others fpotted. You {hall fee fome of the very
nice ones with Handkerchiefs of Cotton or Li¬
nen, if portable, wrought round the Edges, or
elfe at the Corners only, with Silk, chiefly red,
green, and blue: The firft being the Colour moft
admired among them, as well as by the Inhabi¬
tants of thofe Blands in general ; the latter being
the only Colour they can dye, which they know
how to vary to feveral Degrees or Shades. All
this Time the Women wear no Shoes nor Stock¬
ings, except very few, and thofe only on Holi¬
days ; but fome of the Men are fo ufed to both,
that they can as little endure to go bare-foot, as
any-body. But Roberts did not know of above
two or three of thofe upon this Bland c.
But though they appeared drefled out in fuch
Order on Holidays, yet on all other Days, both
Men and W omen are, in a manner, naked : The
Women only wearing a frnall Cotton -Cloth
pe de Verde Islands.
wrapped round their Waift, which reaches to Boa Vift*.
their Knees; and the Men nothing but the Re-
licks of an old Pair of Breeches. Nay, the Waift-
band only, with a Piece hanging to it before, to
hide their Privities, is reckoned fufficient : Or,
for want of this, they wear the Remnants of an
old Waiftcoat, hanging all in Tatters about them ;
and were they the beft Cloaths in the World,
they will not fo much as few a Seam, if ripped.
They are very lazy, both Men and Women ; Their Lav-
and though this Ifland yields more Cotton than”^‘‘
all the reft put together, the Shrubs growing in
common, yet it is the worft Market of all, borh
for Scarcity and Dearnefs of Cloths: For they
will neither gather the Cotton till they know of
a Ship or Vefl'el to buy it ; nor will their Women
fpin, but juft as they want. So that when the
Cotton Seafon is over, there is fcarce one hundred
Weight to be gotten, although the Author fays,
he is certain they might gather yearly, more
than a good Ship’s Cargo: And though at feveral Cotton,
of the Blands, Cotton of late Years had failed,
yet, at Boa Vijla , they had never wanted a Crop.
Upon thefe Confiderations he obferves, that a
good Trade might be eafily carried on from hence
to Guinea , in Cotton-Cloths, by turning them
into Barrafools (/. e. Trading-Cloths) one or two
thoufand of which might be got-up in a very
little Time, for fix Pence or eight Pence per
Barrafool; which is about five Foot and an half
long, and four Foot broad, Englijh Meafure.
And this Quantity, at any Time and Place where
Cotton-Cloths vend, (which is on a confiderable
Part of the Coaft of Guinea ) would purchafe at
leaft one hundred Slaves, or other Commodities
proportionably ; and fometimes half the Quan¬
tity more d.
This Bland affords good Salt, and the Au¬
thor made a Cargo of Salt here, in Auguji , 1724,
during their rainy Seafon, when the Road wa3
fo wet and fiippery, that the Afles had much adu
to carry it down to the Ship e. The Rain having
melted all the Salt in the Pans, the Natives,
whom Captain Roberts had employed to get him
a Cargo, cleared the Pans of the Rain-Water,
and filled them up with Pickle ; and, in about
three Weeks Time, he got Salt enough made
and heaped-up f.
This Bland likewife yields Plenty of Indigo, indigo.
which, growing fpontaneoufly, as the Cotton
does, they can have it only for the Pains of ga¬
thering. The Misfortune is, that they have not
the Art of feparating the Tin&ure, or making
what is called the Stone -Blue, as in the Weft-
a Barbot fays, Boa Viji has nothing of Value but wild Horfes and Mules, and a very tall large Sort of red
Affes, tranfported by the Dutch and French to Surinam and Cegdane, in America. Defcription of Guinea , p. 538.
b Roberts, p. 394. c Ibid. p. 395. & feq. ’ d Ibid. p. 396. & feq. c See before,/?. 626. e.
f See his Voyage, f. 337. This is more than could be done at Mayo , as Will be obferved hereafter.
5 Indiesy
Description of the Cap
BosVifta. Indies , &c. but only pound the Leaves of the a
L Shrub, while green, with a wooden Peftle and
Mortar, for want of Mills to grind them ; re¬
ducing it to a kind of Pap, which they form
into thick round Cakes, or Balls, and lay it to
dry for Ufe.
The Author is of Opinion, that it might be
worth while to bring it to England in the Con¬
dition they make it up; and brought himfelf fix
or eight of thefe Cakes for a Trial, whether it
would anfwer to open a Trade for them, and b
gave them to a Gentleman with that View: But
to his great Difappointment, he did not take a
proper Method or Care in the Affair. He gave
them to his Wife, telling her it was unrefined
Indigo; but (he not knov/ing how to extra# the
Tin#ure, in blueing her Linen, threw them a-
vvay, as good for nothing. Roberts expelled he
would have gotten fome fkilful Perfon to make
the Experiment, in order to know how much
Stone Blue the Cakes would have yielded; for c
at that Time the Captain himfelf was ignorant
how to extra# the Tin#ure, or Stone-Blue,
which he learned afterwards from the Natives of
St. Nicholas , who do it by means of a Lixivium ;
but he believes there may be better Ways than
that a.
ratable The Vegetable-Stone is more frequently met
b tones, with here than in the reft of the Iflands : It (hoots
in Stems, like the Head of a Collyflower, or as
Coral does ; but is more porous, and of a greyifh d
Colour, much like the Stones generated from
Shells b. Some little Ambergreafe was found
here, but it was dangerous dealing-for it ; the In¬
habitants generally adulterating it with a Sort of
Jelly, or Excrement caft on Shore there.
ftjb. This Ifland yields to that of Sal , for Fifh, all
about ; except at the Rock called John Letton, ,
hereafter mentioned, where they are every whit
as plentiful as at Sal , and there is no Want
any where : For Roberts himfelf hauled, at one e
Draught, with a Seyn, fifty-fix Mullets, befides
a vaft Quantity of other Filh.
Stii. This Ifland is Low-land, for the moft part,
with fome rocky Mountains and fandy Hills:
The Coaft on the Eaft Side, and from theSouth-
Eaft Point, round by the Southward, as far as
to the Englijh Road, is all a whitifh Sand, with (
a few black rocky ClifE> interfperfed c.
There are but two Roads ufed by Ships, the
- moft noted of which, is the Englijh Road, lying f
inglifh to the Southward of the little Ifland. It is a
Read, large clean Bay, with feveral little ftony Shoals,
fpitting-out from the Northermoft Side. T ou
may anchor any where, from thirteen to four
Fathom; but not within that Depth, for Fear
Vi(b.
e de Verde Islands. 637
of the Shoals. From the South Point of the lit- B
tie Ifland, about a Mile, there lies a Rock, which
ftretches South -We ft about a Mile, and is fteep
clofe to the Sid® of the little Ifland ; but every¬
where elfe all-round-about it, there are gradual
and fandy Shoalings. The Channel between
this Rock, and the little Ifland, is clean ; and
near the Rock you have nine Fathom : But
nigher the Ifland it (hoals gradually, till you
come into five Fathom, and that is near enough
to venture. The beft Riding is, as foon as you
fee the South Point of the little Ifland bear North-
Weft d.
The other is called the Portuguese Road, p0 tngueie
which though not nigh fo good as the former
for landing, yet it lies nearer the Tov/n, and is
clean ; there being nothing to hurt a Ship but
the Shore, after (he is to the Southward of the
Shoals of Kalyete St. George , till you come to the
South -Eaft Point ; only you mult give the North-
Weft Point of the Bay a fmall Birth, becaufe it
runs out flat a little Way.
The Rock of John Letton lies from Kalyete]^ Letton
St. George , South- Weft, about five Leagues; from Rock-
w hence, in clear Weather, you may fee Boa
Vijla, The ragged Mountain over the Town
(which is the only one on that Ifland) hears from
the Rock North-Eaft, Eafterly. The North End
of the Rock is above the Water, and (hews a-
bout the Bignefs and Height of a little Ship of
two or three hundred Tuns, and is fteep to the
very Sea, on the North-Eaft End ; ((retching a-
way Weft South-Weft, and Eaft North-Eaft,
about half a League in Length.
Captain ROBERTS pafted over the Weft
South-Weft End of it in ten Fathom Water,
and could very plainly fee the Bottom, which
was rocky, and all down fwarming with bi(h.
He lay-to, as foon as he was clear of it, having
a fine light Gale, and fmooth Water ; and in
lefs than a Quarter of an Hour got as much b i(h
as he could tell what to do with. The Waves
broke then only about the Rock ; but he had
pafted by it when the Sea ran high, and then it
broke on the Shoal, in his Judgment, for above
half a Mile in Length c.
The fame Author obferves, that the People Tr, habitants.
of Boa Vijla naturally love the Englijh , and
can fpeak moft of them a little of the Language ;
and even fome of the Women made-fhift to
underftand him ia it.
The Governor, Singore Pedro Letton , be
found an honeft Man : But there was then one
Captain Manuel Domingo , who, in his Opinion,
was not only the faireft Dealer, whofe Word
might be depended on, but the moft fenfible
f Ibid. p. 397. & feoA. \ Ibid. p. 402. c Ibid. p. 398- d Ibul P* 398- & Ml* * lbld'
Description of the Cape d e Verde Islands.
Black that he had met with, on all the Blands, a
lie could read both Englijh and French , and had
a French Bible a.
Froptittor. This Ifland belong’d to the old Marquis das
Minhas , as Lord Proprietor ; but, fince his Death,
the King has given it to lbme other Portugueze
Nobleman b.
SECT. JII.
Situation.
Extent.
Ccaft.
The Ijle of Mayo, or May
Situation.
Cattle.
Fowl.
Extent. Ccajl.
Fruits. Trees.
Guinea Hens.
Soil. IVater fcarce.
Cotton. Silk-Cotton.
F.Jh. Tcrtoife. Salt ,
how made. Salt -Trade. A Trape- Boat , how
made light : ItsUfe. Paa Seco Road. Englifli
Road. The Inhabitants : Their IVay of Living.
The Government. Part of fgueen Catharine’*
Fortune.
7\/TAT0 , according to Captain Roberts , lies
A-rJ- jn the Latitude of fifteen Degrees twelve d
Minutes North, and Longitude five Degrees
twenty - nine Minutes Well, from Cape de
Verde. It bears from Boa Vijla South by Weft
Wefterly about fourteen Leagues. This is low
Land, for the mod Part, like the former, but
is diftinguifhed by three Mountains, the South
Eaftermoft, which is higheft, being called Pi-
nofa ; the Northermoft, St. Antonio e.
DAMPIER fays this Ifland lies about forty Miles
Eaft by South from St. Nicholas f j that it is about
feven Leagues in Circumference, of a roundifh
the North-Eaft Side the Length of a League, and Mayo,
at low Water is almoft dry in feme Places : Be- u
tween that and the Shore is a Channel, where
there is Water enough for a Ship to run through ;
but it is dangerous for fuch as are not acquainted
with it h.
There are two Hills on this Ifland of a con-
fiderable Height: One pretty bluff; the other
peeked at Top. The reft of the Ifland is pretty
level, and of a good Height from the Sea. The
Shore clear round hath fandy Bays between the
rocky Points *.
The whole Bland is very dry, and generally Sul.
barren, the beft of it being but a very indiffe¬
rent Soil k : For it is, for the mod Part, either a
Sort of Sand, or loofe crumbling Stone, without
any frelh W ater Ponds, or Streams to moiften.
it, excepting Showers in the wet Seafon, which
run off as fall as they fall ; and one fmall Spring
in the Middle of the Ille, from which proceeds
a little Stream of Water that runs through a
Valley between the Hills h
And indeed all Ships that lade Salt here will Water
be obliged to tcuch at St. J ago for Water ; for at ■carct'
the Bay there is none, not lo much as for drink¬
ing. It is true there is a fmall Well of brackifh
Water not half a Mile from the Landing-Place,
which the Alfes, that carry Salt, drink at j but
it is very bad W ater m.
MATO fuffered in the general Drought as Cattle,
much as Bca Vijla , yet they have more Cows,
and thefe generally the belt and fatteft on all
the Illands. They have alfo mod of them Goats.
They have fewer Fifh than at Boa Vijla , and
Form, with many fmall rocky Points (hooting out but a fmall Quantity of Turtle n. Dampier fays,
there is Plenty of Bulls, Cows, and Goats, but
not many Fowl: Alfo Corn, Yams, Potatoes,
and forne Plantains. When that Author was at
Mayo in 1683, it was better flocked with Beef
and Goats (befides Store of Alfes) than the reft
into the Sea a Mile or more. On this Occafion
he obferves, that in failing about the Me, pretty
nigh the Shore, you fhall fee the Water breaking-
off from thofe Points, which you mud give a
Birth to, and avoid. He failed, in 1699, two
Parts in three round the Ifland, but found nothing e of the Iflands °. But in 1699, when he was
dangerous befides thefe Points, which all fhewed there, the Pirates had miferably infefted them all,
themfelves by the Breakers : Yet it is reported, and much lelfened the Number of the Cattle, nor
that on the North and North North -Weft Side
there are dangerous Shoals s, which lie farther-
off at Sea.
This is confirmed by Captain Roberts, who
obferves, that the North and North-Eaft Parts
are very rocky, and full of Shoals, fome of which
lie a good Way off the Land. The mod dan¬
gerous is a Ledge of Rocks that extends from
fpared the Inhabitants themfelves p.
The Fruits of this Ifle are chiefly Figs, and Fruit u
Water-Melons. They have alfo Callavances
(a Sort of Pulfe like French- Beans) and Pumpions
for ordinary Food 15 . But Dapper fays , the Fig-
Trees here are fo fcorched, that the Fruit is in-
fipid.
There alfo are fome Trees within the Ifland, 7>«,.
2 See Roberts' s Voyage, p. 400. h Ibid. p. 394. c So called, becaufe difeovered on May-Day.
See before, p. 16. a. d Dampier makes it fifteen Degrees. See his Voyages, vol. 1. p. 75. e See Roberts's
f See Dampier' % Voyages, vol. 1. p. 75. s Ibid. vol. 3. p. n. h Roberts's
' Dampier s Voyages, vol. 3. p. 11. k Ibid. p. 15. 1 Ibid. p. 16.
n Roberts' s Voyage, />. 401. 0 Dampier' s Voyages, vol. 1. p. 75. p Dampier ,
*3 Dampier' s Voyages, vol. 3. p, 17,
Voyage, p. 400.
Voyage, p. 400.
m Ibid. p. 2 t.
vol. 3 . p. 18-
but
Description of the C a? t d e Verde Islands.
Mayo, but none to be feen near the Sea- Side ; nothing a not unlike Herons. Here are alfo great Curlews
»— v— *-^but a few Bufhes fcattering up and down againft and Guinea Hens, which the Natives of thefe
trn.
the Sides of the adjacent Hills, for the Land is
pretty high from the Sea a.
Amongst the Vegetables may be reckoned
the Stone already defcribed in our Account of
Bca Vifta b.
Though the Inhabitants of Mayo never had
a- tenth Part of the Cotton that Boa Vijia had,
and loft a great deal of that for Want of Rain ;
illeCittcr;.
Fml.
Blands call Gallena Pintata *, or the Painted Hen , cuir.ej Ilm.
called, at Jamaica, the Guinea Hen , where they
love the dry Savannahs and Woods. They feem
to be much of the Nature of Partridges; are big¬
ger than Englijh Hens ; have long Legs ; and will
run a-pace, but cannot fly far ; having large heavy
Bodies, with fhort Wings and Tails. They are
fo ftrong, that one cannot hold them, and very
na lull a gicai Ui umt 1 — - o' ' n
■Cet they have ftill more than enough for their own b hardy. They have thick and ltrong yet lharp
Ufe, but are troubled with the fame Diftemper, Beaks, but pretty long Claws: Their Necks are
' . . > V . • • * *n * SI • t _ _ M J /l Ai »• T-T art r
for which their Neighbours the Boavijlians are
juftly celebrated c. Dampier fays, there is no
great Store of Cotton here. He faw fome Bufhes
of the Shrub that bears it near the Shore, but
moft of it is planted in the Middle of the Ifle,
where the Inhabitants live ; Cotton-Cloth being
their chief Manufacture d.
There is alfo a Sort of Silk-Cotton found
long and (lender ; their Heads alfo but little. The
Cock Bird has a fmall Rifing on his Crown in
Manner of a Comb, of a dry Wallnut-Shell Co¬
lour, and very hard. He has a fmall red Gill on
each Side of the Head like Ears, ftrutting out
downwards; but the Hens have none. The Fea¬
thers of thefe Birds are fpeckled with dark and
light Grey in fmall round Spots, very regular and
here. It grows on the fandy Bank e that pens in c uniform. They feed either on Worms, which they
o i « r r _ 1 1 _ + tbo H orth rvr rvn I -rro le.
the Salt-Pond, on tender Shrubs three or four
Foot high, in Cods as big as an Apple, but of a
long Shape ; which, when ripe, open at one
End, parting leifurely into four Quarters; and at
the firft Opening the Cotton breaks forth. It is
of no Value, any more than that of the great
Cotton -Tree f ; "or of Ufe, except to ftuff Pil¬
lows *, and the like. The Author laid fome of
thefe Cods in his Cheft before they were quite
ripe, and in two or three Days they would open
and throw out the Cotton. Others he bound
faft with Strings, fo that the Cod could not open ;
and in a few Days after, on flackening them ever
fo little, the Cod would burft, and the Cotton
fly out forcibly, at a very little Hole, juft as^ the
Pulp out of a roafting Apple, till all has been
exhaufted. Dampier met with this Sort of Cot¬
ton afterwards at Timor in the Eaji Indies , (where
it was ripe in November) and no where elfe in all
his T ravels h.
The fame Author tells us, that there are many
Sorts of fmall Birds and Fowl in Mayo ; as
Pigeons and Turtle-Doves; Miniota's, a Sort of
Land-Fowls as big as Crows, of a grey Colour,
and good hood. Crujia' s, another Sort ot grey
coloured Fowl, almoft as big as a Crow, which
are only feen in the Night, (probably a Sort of
find by tearing open the Earth, or elfe on Grafs-
Hoppers, which are plentiful here. They are very
good Meat, fweet, and tender, the Flefh in fome
very white, but in others black ; however, both
Sorts are very good. The Natives run them down
eafily with Dogs, for here are abundance of
them. You fhall fee two or three hundred in a
Company : When taken young, they will grow
tame k.
The Sea is plentifully flocked with Fifh off#,
divers Sorts, viz. Dolphins, Boneta’s, Mullets,
Snappers, Silver Fifh, &c. And here is a good
Bay to haul a Seyne or net in, as the Author found
often by Experience ; dragging afhore at one
Time fix Dozen of great Fifh, mod of them
large Mullets of a Foot and an half, or two Foot
long. Here are alfo Porpoifes, and a fmall Soit
of Whales, that commonly vifit this Road every
Mr. ATKINS' obft r ves, that while their Ship
lay- to at this Ifland in 1721, they fifhed with
Lines, and took Breams, (or Porgas) Skip-Jacks,
Groupes, a Rock-Fifh, and the Jew Fifh. The
Rock- Fifh is thick, fhort, and of a deep Yellow
on the Belly, Gills, and Mouth : The Jew- Fifh'
has a double Mouth ; the uppermoft not to fwaL
but full of Air-Pipes, and finned like a Cod.
are omy leen 111 uk oig,m, - )pvV ,. „ » ,
Owls) are laid to be good for confumpt.ve People,. They w and j fl f
^r-ahfe'V^lvwuftg’Necks at'^ f a So£o/ freauia-Tottoir* con* hither to
a Dampier' s Voyages, vol. 3. p . 16.
d Dampier s Voyages, vol. 3. p. 16.
b Roberts's Voyage, p. 402. lhtd. p. 401, *3 faq.
e On the fame Bank there grows likewife a Plant that runs along
° u ampler s voyages, von 3. v. iu. va-mc . Dampier. Perhaps it is- the Batata, or-
tha Gi;°^nd’ branchinS -a Siik Co-ton Tree of which Dampier found two Sorts in Bra/,1. See
SJ“"f Potatoc. 1 hat ifcl the b,k-C _o.ton 1 ee^ „ DJ v vol, f. , j,
his Voyages, vol. i. p. 164. b bee beiore, p. 033. c ;ol< , * » Ibid. p. 10.
* Roberts mentions this Hen, p. 402. Dampier s > ^ '
** Atkins's, Voyage to Guinea, &c. />• 32- ,
640 Description of the C a
Mayo, lay their Eggs : But thefe Turtle are notfo fweet a
as thofe in the IVeJl Indies s. It is worth taking
Notice of, that the Turtle always, both in North
and South Latitude, lay their Eggs in the wet
Months b ; when, conlidering what great Rains
there are then in fome Places, it might be thought
that their Eggs fhould be fpoiled. But the Rain,
though violent, is foon foaked up by the Sand,
wherein the Eggs are buried ; and, perhaps, fink¬
ing not fo deep as the Eggs are laid, ferves to
keep down the Heat, and make the Sand hotter
below'- than it was before, like a hot Bed c.
Besides the above-mentioned Productions,
there is fome little Indico to be met with in this
Ifland ; and fometimes fmall Quantities of Am-
bergreafe are found d. Barbot tells us, that the
Inhabitants Lilt the Flefh of Goats, and export
it in Calk; dr effing the Skins very neatly in the
Nature cf Turky Leather. And Dapper fays, five
thoufand of thefe Skins are yearly carried into
other Parts.
Sal t, But the chief Commodity of this Ifland is
Salt, and Alayo is the molt noted of all the Ifiands
for it by the Englijh , many of their Ships lading
here in the Summer e. Dumpier fays, that though
there is bad Landing on the Ifland, yet it is much
frequented by Shipping for its great Plenty of
Salt f. In 1699, in fix Days time, he got feven
or eight Tons aboard for his Voyage : In which
Time there came alfo into the Road where he
was, feveral Sail of Merchant-Ships for Salt, all
bound with it for Newfoundland g ; whither, Bar¬
bot fays, the Englijh have a great Trade for it.
He adds, that the Ifland can load one thoufand
Ships every Year with this Commodity.
Uofwmaiu DAMPIER gives the moft particular Account
of the Manner of making and 'loading the Salt
here, of all the Authors we have met with. On
the Weft-Side of the Ifle, v/here the Road h for
•Ships is, there is a large fandy Bay, and within
it a Sand-Bank about forty Paces wide, which
runs along the Shore two or three Miles. Be¬
tween the Sand-Bank, and the Kills beyond it,
there is a large Salina, or Salt-Pond, about two
Miles in Length, and half a Mile wide : But a-
bove one half of it is commonly dry, only the
North-End never wants Water ; being in that
Part only fupplied, as well as deepeft, producing
Salt from November till May , which is here the
•e de Verde Islands.
dry Seafon of the Year. The Water which yields
this Salt works-in from the Sea, through a Hole in
the Sand-Bank before-mentioned, like a Sluice,
and that only in Spring -Tides ; at which Times
the Pond is filled more or lefs, according to the
Height of the Tides. If there is any Salt in the
Ponds when the Flufh of Water comes- in, it
prefently diflolves; but then in two or three Days
after it begins to kern, and fo continues till either
all, or the greater Part of the Water is congealed
or kerned ; or till a frefh Supply of it comes-in
again. It wras in a Spring of a new Moon when
our Author was there, who was told, that
it comes in at no other Time but at the new
Moon Spring -Tides ; but why that fhould be, he
could not guefs b
They who come hitherto lade Salt rake it
up as it kerns; and lay it in Heaps on the dry
Land, before the Water breaks- in a-new. It is
obfervable of this Pond, that the Salt kerns only
in the dry Seafon k, contrary to the Ponds in the
IVeJl Indies , particularly thofe of the Ifland Saft-
Tortuga ’, for they never kern there till the Rains
ccme-in about April , and continue to do fo in
May , June, July-, &c. while the wet Seafon
lafts, and not without fome good Showers of Rain
firfi.
The Englijh drive here a great Trade for Salt.lrair,
Salt, and have commonly a Man of War Ration¬
ed for the Guard of their Ships and Barks that
come to take it in m ; of which, as the Author was
informed, there have not been fewer fometimes
than an hundred in a Year. It coils nothing but the
Labour of raking it together, and wheeling it out
of the Pond, except the Carriage ; and that alfo is
very cheap, the Inhabitants having Plenty of Affes,
for which they have little to do befides conveying
the Salt n from the Ponds to the Sea- Side at the
Seafon when Ships are here. They lade and drive
their Alfes themfelves, being very glad to be im-
ployed ; for they have fcarce any other Trade but
this to get a Penny by. The Pond is not above
half a Mile from the Landing-Place, fo that the
Alfes make a great many Trips in a Day. They
have a fet Number of Turns to and fro both Fore¬
noon and Afternoon, which their Owners will
not exceed °.
At the Landing-Place there lies a Trape-Boat,^^ pe.Boa
as the Englijl) Seamen call it, to take-in Salt. It
A Damp let's Voyages, vol. t. /. 75. b D ampler fays, he hath conftantly obfervted this to be the Cafe,
not only with the 1 urtle, but Crocodiles, Aligators, Guanos, and all other Sort of amphibious Animals that
lay Eggs. • c Darnpier s Voyages, vol. 3. p. 19. a See Roberts's Voyage, p. 402. « Atkins' s
\ oyage to Guinea, &c. p. 32. * Dampier's Voyages, vol. 1. p. 75. 8 Idem, vol. 3. p. 21. h This mult
be the Englijh Road delcribed hereafter : That which he mentions eifewhere, on the North -Weft Side, vol. 1.
p. 75, muii be Paa Seco. 1 Dampin' s Voyages, vol. 1. p. 12. k So fays Barbot , Defcription of Guinea,
p. 538. but Roberts made a Cargo ot Salt at Boa Vifia in the rainy Seafon. See before, p. 636. e. Perhaps they
might have made it here, had tney followed his Method. 1 Mentioned by Darnpier , vol. 1. p. 56. 111 Bar¬
bot fays the fame, ubifupra. n Dr. Fryer in his Travels, p. 6. lays, the Salt here is brought down to the
Sea -.Side in Barrows, driven by the Wind. 0 Darnpier' s Voyages, vol. 3. p. 13,
is
Description of the Caw de Verde Islands. 641
is made purpofely^ for this Ufe, with a Deck a where they remove the Salt into another Boat Mayo,
reaching from the Stern a third Part of the Boat’s that carries it on board the Ship. Without fuch *v“*— **
Length. Where it ends, a kind of Bulk-Head a Trape-Boat here is but bad Landing at any
rifes from the Edge of the Deck, to about two I ime : For though it is commonly very fmooth
Foot in Height, an called very tight. { he Ufe in the Road, yet there falls a great Sea on the
of it is to keep the \\ aves from dafhing into the Shore ; fo that every Ship that comes here fhould
Boat, when it lies with its Head to the Shore to bring, or make fuch a Boat ; or elfe borrow one
take-in Salt; for here commonly runs a great Sea. of other Snips, for the Inhabitants have none,
lo keep the Boat’s Head right to the Shore, there Dampier is thus particular in the Description o {it: ufe,
are two ftrong Stanchions fet up ; one at the Head, thefe Trope- Boats, becaufe of the Ufe they may
and the other in the Middle agiinft the Bulk- b be of in any Places where a great Sea falls-in
Head, a Foot higher than it. In the Top of upon the Shore ; as it does efpecially in many open
each of thefe Stanchions a large Notch is cut, big Roads in the Eaji and IVeJl Indies , where he never
enough for a fmall Hazer or Rope to lie in ; one faw any c.
End of which is fattened to a Poft afhore, and Pv4r. ROBERTS tells us, there are two Roads
the other to a Grappling or Anchor lying a pretty in the Bland for Ships to ride ; befides fcveral little
Way oft at Sea: 1 his Rope ferveth to haul the Coves, where a Boat might run-in, but not worth
Boat in and out, and the Stanchions ferve to keep farther Notice.
her faft a. The Northermoft Road is called Paa Jeco, Paa free
The better to prevent her ftaving, and keep where you may anchor in fix, feven, or eight Rvati'
her the tighter together, there are two Sets of c Fathom, bringing the Eaftermoft Point of the
Ropes more : The fir ft divide the Length of the Bay North -Weft, or North -Weft by North.
Boat in three Parts, going athwart from Gunnel The Ground is ftony, but doth not much damage
to Gunnel ; and bind the Boat’s Sides fo hard a- a Cable, except among the Coral Rocks, which
gain ft the End of the Rowers Benches, that they may be avoided by this Dire£lion. The Coaft
cannot eaiily fall afunder. The other Set of down along almoft to the Point of Yingdojl is
Ropes are more in Number than two, and fo full of ftony Shoals and Banks : Some of them ex-
placed as to keep the Ribs and Planks of the Boat tend near two Miles from the Shore d.
from ftarting-ofF. tor this Purpofe there are About the Point of Yingdojl, lies the Englijh^p^'f
Holes made, at certain Diftances, through the Road, where the Salt Ships ride c : It is moftly oa '
Edge of the Keel on the Infide of the Boat ; J foul Ground, and rocky towards the bluff Point,
through which thefe Ropes palling, are laid along which makes the South Point of the Bay. The
the Ribs, fo as to line them, or be themfelves as Northermoft Point of the Bay is almoft as bad
Ribs upon them ; being made faft to them by for cutting a Cable, but not liable to hook an
Rattans brought thither, or fmall Cords twifted Anchor, as the South-Side is, by Reafon of the
clofe about both Ropes and Ribs up to the Gun- Rocks. It is generally Laid, that the Weft of
nel : Which will hold her together, if any of the England Men fouled this Bay, by heaving their
Nails or Pegs are fhaken out, efpecially with the Stone Ballaft over board in it. The Middle of the
Help of a Rope going quite round about the Gun- Bay is the cleaneft Ground, and from twelve to
nel on the Outfide, as our long Boats have: eight Fathom the beft Depth to ride-in ; except at
From which Girding with Ropes (called Traping e the latter End of June and July, when you expect
by our Seamen) they have the Name of Trape- fhifting Winds, and then it is better Riding out
Boats b. in fifteen or eighteen Fathom f.
Two Men fuffice to haul her in and out, take- DAMPIER fays, the Inhabitants live nearTsww.
in the Salt from Shore, (which is brought in Bags) the Bay above-mentioned, in the Middle of the
and put it out again. As foon as the Boat is Ifle, ii» three fmall Towns, (having a Church
brought nigh enough to the Shore, he who ftands and Padre in each ;) which, as he was informed,
by the Bulk-Head whips the Hazer inftantly a- are fix or feven Miles from the Road, on the
bout the Bulk-Head Stanchion, that flops her faft Weft-Side (or Englijh Road.) Pinofa is faid to be
before the Sea can turn her afide ; and when the the chief Town, and to have two Churches: St.
two Men have got-in their Lading, they haul-off f John’s the next ; and the third, Lagoa. The
to Sea, till they come a little without the Swell, Houfes are very mean, fmall, low Things. They
a Dampier s Voyages, vol. 3. p. 13, IA Jcq. b Ibid. p. 14, U? Jeq. c Ibid. p. I>. d Roberta's
Voyage, p. 401. c This muft be the Road mentioned by Dampier , on the Weft-Side of the Me ; as
that he was at on the North -Weft Side, feems to have been Paa Jeco. See before, p. 640. c. [ Roberta ,
ubi Jupra.
4 N
Vol. I.
N° 31,
build
642 Description of the Ca
Mayo, build with Fig-Tree, here being, as the Author <
told, no other Trees fit for the Purpofe.
The Rafters are a Sort of wild Cane a.
Inhabitants. The Natives, even their Governors and Pa¬
dres , are all Negros, Wool-pated like their Afri¬
can Neighbours, from whom it is likely they are
descended b ; though being fubjedf to the Portu¬
gueze , they have their Religion and Language.
They are flout, lufty, well-limbed People, both
Men and Women, fat and flefhy ; they and their
Children being as round and plump as little Por- 1
poifes : At the fame Time the Ifland appears fo
barren to a Stranger, as fcarce to have Food for
its Inhabitants ; who, as Dampier , upon Enquiry,
was told by one of the Padres , amounted to no
more than two hundred and thirty Souls c.
Captain ROB E RTS obferves, that thefe
Iflanders are much the fame with thofe of Boa
Vijia , but not altogether fo well affe&ed to the
Englijh ; and they drefs juft as the Boavifians do ;
but that few of them have any Holiday-Cloaths
at all. When he was there in 1722, their Num¬
ber was computed atfomethingabove two hundred.
They were chiefly Blacks; and the moft hard-
favoured of all their Neighbours: Having but few
Molattoes, and no Whites at all among them d.
Way of DAMP IER fays, the People of Mayo live
kvwi' very poorly, yet much better than the Inhabi¬
tants of any other of thefe Iflands, St. Jago ex¬
cepted B. They depand, for their Trade and
Subfiftence, chiefly on the Englijh ; who, in Re¬
turn for their Afliftance in lading the Salt, give
them Victuals, fome Money, and old Cloaths,
•viz. Hats, Shirts, and other Things; by which
Means many of them are indifferently well rig¬
ged : But fome of them go almoft naked. All
the Iflanders are, at that Time, fully employed
in getting fome what ; for they have no Veflels of
their own to trade with, nor do any Portugueze
Ships come hither, or fcarce any but Englijh , for
whom they have a particular Value f.
When the Seafon for Turtle comes-in, they
watch the Sandy-Bays, in the Night, to turn
them ; having fmall Huts, at particular Places,
on the Bays, to keep them from the Rain, and
to fleep in. This is another Harveft they have
for Food : For, by Report, there come a great
many Turtle to this and the other Cape de Verde
Iflands. When the Turtle-Seafon is over, they
have little to do, but to hunt for Guinea Hens,
and manage their fmall Plantations. By thefe
pe de Verde Islands.
Means they have all the Year fome Employment May<j»
or other, whereby they get a Subfiftence, though
but little elfe. When any of them are defirous
to go over to St. Jago , they obtain a Licence from
the Governor, and defire Paflage in any Englijh
Ship g.
The fame Author obferves, that the Negro Gowrment
Governor has his Patent from the Portugueze
Governor of St. Jago. The Perfon who held
that Office in 1699, was a very civil and fenfible
poor Man ; and they are generally a good Sort
of People. He experts a fmall Prefent from every
Commander that lades Salt here; and is glad to
be invited aboard their Ships ; fpendir.g moft of
his Time with the Englijh in the falting Seafon,
which is his Harveft h. When Roberts was here
in 1725, the moft noted Man in the Ifland was
Captain Vincent Alva , known to the EngliJJj by-
the Name of Peter Vincent l.
The Pirates have often landed on this Ifland,.
and carried off, not only Cattle, but fome of the
Inhabitants. In 1683. there came, about a
Week before Dampier arrived here, an Englijh-
Ship: The Men of which going alhore, under
Pretence of Friendlhip, feized on the Governor,
with fome others ; and carrying them aboard,
made them fend to Land for Cattle to ranfom
their Liberties : Yet after this they failed away
with them k, and poffibly never brought them
back again. The Englijhman who did this vile
Action, was one Captain Bond, of Brijlol, who,
with moft of his Men went over afterwards to
the Spaniards ; and had like to have burnt the
Ship Dampier was in, in the Bay of Panama 1 ;
When the fame Navigator was here in 1699, the
Governor likewife was but newly returned from.,
being a Prifoner among the Pirates, who had ta¬
ken him away, and carried him about with them
for a Year or two m.
It may not be amifs to obferve, that this
Ifland with Tangier , and Bombay , in India , were
Part of Queen Catherine’s Fortune to England :
And it may be prefumed, that the Englijh would
not have quitted it, if it had been thought worth
keeping.
SECT. IV.
The If and of Sant Jago, or St. James,
f I .Of the If and in general , and its Inhabitants »
a Dampier' s Voyages, vol. 3. p. 17. The Spanijh Roofs at Jamaica are built in the fame Manner. b They
came originally from Africa. See before, p. 631. 3. c Dampier' s Voyages, vol. 3. p. 19. Dapper
fays, that in 1 505, there were two hundred twenty-five Souls on the Ifland ; and in 1628, but one hundred
and 'fifty. d Roberts' s Voyages, p. 402. e Dampier s Voyages, vol. 1. p. 76. f Idem,
vol. 3 p. 20. g Ibid. h Ibid. > Roberts' s Voyages, p. 402. k For this Reafon
the Inhabitants would not fuffer the Sailors to land. 1 Dampier s Voyages, vol. 1. p. 75. “See
Dampier % Voyages, vol. 3 • 1 & fep.
Name
St. Jag*.
Name and
Site.
Air,
Soil.
Description of the
Name and Situation of the IJland. Its Air.
Cattle. Fowl. Fruits. Cujlard Apple.
Papah Fijh. Marchafite. Red Oker.
Inhabitants : Their Privileges: Char after. Ex¬
ecrable Clergy. Cordeliers. Negro Priejl.
Cap
Soil, a
The
The
e de Verde Islands.
Campo de Terrafal , rifes in Mountains.
Peek
S this Ifland was difcovered alfo on the firft
A of May , as well as the former ; and that
being the Feftival of St. fames , it therefore had
his Name given to it. It lies, according to Cap¬
tain Roberts , in Latitude, fifteen Degrees North, b
and Longitude, fix Degrees five Minutes Weft,
from Cape de Verde a. Captain Philips puts it in
the Latitude of fifteen Degrees, twenty-five Mi¬
nutes b ; conformable, we fuppofe, to that of
Praya , where he touched.
It is the largeftof all the Cape de Verde Ifiands,
and, according to Beeckman , in Length about
forty-five Leagues ; in Breadth, ten ; and in Cir¬
cuit, ninety- five c. Philips makes its Length a-
bout twenty Leagues South-Eaft and North-Weft, c
and its Breadth, ten, Eaft North-Eaft and Weft
South-Weft d.
St. fAGO lieth four or five Leagues, fays
D ampler , to the Weft ward of Mayo , and is the
chief, the moft fruitful, and heft inhabited of all
the Ifiands of Cape Verde ; yet mountainous, and
lias much barren Land in it e. Philips fays it is
full of barren high Mountains f.
As to the Air, Captain Roberts obferves, that
in the rainy Seafons g, this Ifland is more fickly d
than the reft, and dangerous to Strangers h. At
that Time there are not many Places in Guinea ,
except Cacheu , more fickly than St. fago : Its
Unhealthfulnefs being fuch, that it may proper¬
ly be compared to a Country where the Plague
rages *.
According to Beeckman , the Country is
exceeding pleafant, and abounds with all Things
neceffary for the Ufe or Delight of Man k: Yet
Ovington fays it is not fo pleafant as Madera ; e
nor yet fo mountainous ; and therefore proper for
Plantations l.
Face of the ROBERTS obferves, that the South-Eaft End
of this Ifland is flat Land, but all the reft, except
Land,
Antonio is the higheft, lying near the Middle ; and
at the Diftance of three or four Leagues, but
not nearer, fhows itfelf above the reft, on either
Side of the Ifland. When you make the high
Hill of Terrafal to the Eaftward or Weftward,
it fhews at firft like an Ifland, till you are nigh
enough to raife the Low-land, called the Campoy
which joins it to the reft ra.
Here, faith the fame Author Roberts , the
Portugal eze fettled firft, finding it not only the
largeft, but the moft fruitful of them all; as
having the beft Seafons, and confequently the
beft Pafture, and greateft Variety of Fruits; and
is refrefhed with pleafant Rivulets n.
This Ifland having, as already obferved, Plen¬
ty of Water °, the V allies afford good Pafture p.
Their chief Land Animals are their Bu\-Cattle'
locks, which, according to Dampier , are (aid to
be many ; though they afked twenty Dollars a-
piece for them. They have alfo Horfes, Affies,
and Mules ; Deer, Goats, Hogs and black¬
faced, long-tail’d Monkeys r.
Sir RICHARD HAWKINS fays there are
Civet-Cats here ; and that the Monkeys are the
beft proportioned he had any-where feen s. Ro¬
berts affirms, that St. fago alone, of all the
Cape de Verde Ifiands, produces this Creature,
and that they may be had in all Parts of it l.
PHILIP S, inftead of Monkeys, fpeaks of
Jackanapes : He fays, that they breed in vaft
Numbers on the Mountains, were the leaft he
ever faw, and very cheap u.
B E EC K MAN fays there are great Numbers
of fmall Oxen, Hogs, and Goats w. According
to Cornwall , the Goats are lean *. Philips ob¬
ferves, that there are vaft Numbers of them ;
for he had feen three or four Herds, five hun-
dredat leaft in each, near the Ship: But fays
their Sheep are but ordinary; and their Hogs in¬
different y.
Among the Fowls to be met with in this
Ifland, Dampier mentions Cocks and Hens, both
tame and wild ; Parakites, Parrots z, Pigeons,
Turtle-Doves, Herons, Hawks, Crab-catchers,
a Roberts' s Voyages, p. 403. b Philips' s Voyages to Africa and Barbadoes, in 1693. p. 183. c Voyage
to Borneo , p. 9. d See Philips , ubi fnpra. c Dampier s Voyage round the World, in 1683.
vol. 1. p. 76. f Philips , ubi J'upra. g See before, p. 632. a. h See Roberts' s Voyage,
p. 333. ‘ Ibid. p. 338. and 40. k Beeckman' s Voyage to Borneo, p. 12. 1 Ovington' s
Voyage to Surat, p. 40. ra Roberts's Voyage, p. 409. n Ibid, p.403. 0 Dampier
fays there is good Water here, but that it is troublefome fetching ; and that Wood is very fcarce and dear.
See his Voyages, vol. 4. p. 3. Captain Cornwall remarks, that this Ifland affords Springs of frefh Water, and
that it may likewife be gotten, by digging in the Sand. See his Obfervations on feveral Voyages to India, p. 7.
p Ibid. p. 404. s Captain Roberts fays the Ifland abounds with Cows and Goats; and has a Sufficiency
of Sheep, Hogs, and Horfes. See his Voyage, p. 404. r See Dampier' s Voyage, vol. 3. p. 23. s Voyage
to the South-Sea , p. 31. * See his Voyage, p. 41 1. 11 V oyage to Africa and Barbadoes , p. 183.
w Voyage to Borneo, p. 13. x Obfervations on feveral Voyages to India, p. 7. y Voyage to
Africa and Barbadoes , p. 187. z Grev Parrots, according to Sir 'John Hawkins. Voyage to the South.-Sea,
p. 31.
4 N 2 Galdens,
644 Description of the Cape de Verde Islands.
St. Ja?<\ Guldens, (a larger Sort of Crab-catchers) and a ftance and Thicknefs, ^between the Shdl of a
Curlews, &c a.
St. Jagrf,
Fruit,
tuRard-
Captain ROBERTS fays they have Fowls
of all Sorts, as Guinea- Hens, Peacocks, and
Dunghill-Hens ; which laft fly out in Flocks, to
feed on the Mountains, and return home to rooft
every Night, like Doves in England b. Corn¬
wall adds Turkeys c, and Beeckman Geefe and
Ducks, with this remarkable Circumftance, that
moll of their Fowls have Bones almoft as black
as Jet, and Skins as black as the Natives : How- b
ever that the Flelh is as white, or whiter, than
the Flefh of ours, and altogether as good, tho’
not fo pleafant to the Eye d. Yet Philips fays
the Poultry is but indifferent e.
They have likewife Plenty of Maiz, Fefhopn,
Guinea Corn, Plantains, Bananos f, and Pom-
pions, for neceffary Provifion ; and, for Delight,
there grow good Oranges (both fweet s and four)
Lemons, Tamarinds, Pine-Apples ; Mvsfk, and
Water-Melons ; and Mandyokes, and Cocoa- c
Nuts in Abundance: Befides Guavas, Cuftard, or
Star- Apple h. Sugar-Canes alfo grow here, but
they make little Sugar *, contenting themfelves
with Molafles. They have likewife fome Grapes,
and the Author thinks, as well as the Natives,
that Vines would do here very well, but, for
Reafons of State, the King of Portugal does not
fuffer them to make any Wine k. Ovingion fays
there are but few Vines, and no Wine made;
Pomegranate, and the Peel of a Sevil Orange,
fofter than this, yet more brittle than that ; and
is remarkable for being regularly ftudded round
with Knobs. Within it is full of a white, foft
Pulp, fweet and very pleafant ; moft refembling
a Cuftard of any-thing, both in Colour and
Tafte (whence it is named by the Englijh.) It has,
in the Middle, a few fmall black Stones, or Ker¬
nels, but no Core, for it is all Pulp. The Tree
that bears it, is about the B'gnefs of a Quince-
Tree^, with long, fmall Branches, thick fet, and
very fpreading. The Fruit grows, hanging down
with its own Weight, at the Extremities of the
Branches, upon Stalks, about nine or ten Inches
long, flender and tough: But a large Tree does
not bear above twenty or thirty Apples °.
This Fruit grows in moft Countries wdthin
the Tropics. Dampier had feen of them all over
the JVeJi-Indies , both Continent and Iflands, as
alfo in Brazil , and in the Eajl-Indies.
The Papah too (fays the fame Author) is Papob,
found in all thefe Countries. It is a Fruit about
the Bignefs of a Mufk-Melon, hollow as that is,
and much refembling it in Shape and Colour,
both out and infide ; only in the Middle thefe
have a Handful of fmall bkckifh Seeds, about
the Bignefs of Pepper-Corns, tailing hot alfo,
fomething like Pepper. The Fruit is fweet, foit,
and lufcious, when ripe; but while green, hard
all they drink coming from Madera *. Dapper d and unfavoury: Yet then being boiled, it ferves.
fays from Lisbon. The fame Author adds Cedars
to the T rees ; and fays the European Herbs and
Plants grow very well, but malt be renewed eve¬
ry Year.
According to Dampier , they have Plenty
of Cotton growing up in the'Country, where¬
with they cloath themfelves, and fend alfo a great
deal to Brazil m.
Captain CORNWALL fays, they have a
little courfe Sugar, Cotton, and Provifions n.
The Cuftard- Apple, mentioned among the
Fruit, is as big as a Pomegranate, and much of
the fame Colour. The outfide Coat is for Sub-
by way of Turnips to fait Beef, and is equally
eileemed.
The Papah-Tree is about ten or twelve Foot
hrah : The Body, near the Ground, may be a
Foot and an half, or two Foot Diameter, and
goes-up tapering to the Top. It has no Branches
at all, but only large Leaves, growing immedi¬
ately from the Body upon Stalks, which are
longer as they grow farther from the Ton. 1 he
Leaves are of a round ifh Form, with jagged
Edges. They begin to fprout-out about fix or
feven Foot high from the Ground ; whence up¬
wards they grow thicker and larger ; and at
a Dampier s Voyages, vol. 3. p. 25. b Voyage, p. 404. € Observation on feveral \ oyages to Lid: a, p. 7.
d‘ Voyage to Borneo, p. 13, & feqq. e Voyage to Africa and Barbadoes, p. 187. f Ovington fays the
Bananas here are better than at Madera , Voyages to Surat, p. 40. He adds Dates, fo does Dampur.
8 Captain Philips remarks, that the Lemons and Limes were good, and the fweet Oranges the belt he ever met
with; exceeding, he thought, thofe of Lijbon ; and fo common, that for an old Rag you might buy a hundred.
See his Voyage to Africa and Barbadoes, p. 187. h Dampier adds Citrons and Limes, Pomegranates
and Quinces. Voyages, vol. 3. p. 24. 1 It. is reported, fays Dampier, that there are feveral fmall
Sugar- Works on this Bland, from which they fend home near an hundred Ton every Year, Dampier s V oyages,
vol. 3. p. 23. k Roberts, ibid. p. 404. Dampier fays they have Vines, of which they make fome
Wine; but that the European Ships furniih them with better; though they drink but little of any. See his
Voyage, vol. 3. p. 23. 1 Voyage to Surat, p. 40. He had been told in a former Voyage, that they
made a great deal of Wine, fuch as is that of St. Nicholas. See vol. 1. p. 77. m Dampier, ubi fupra.
11 Cornwall's Obfervations on feveral Voyages to India, p. 7. 0 See Dampier' s Voyages, vol. 3. p. 24.
They are called Sweet Sops in Jamaica .
4
Description of the C a
St. Jago. Top are quite clofe and broad. The Fruit grows a
"V— —only among the Leaves; and tbickeft among the
thickeft of them : So that toward the Top they
are as thick as they can flick by each other ; but
are no bigger there than an ordinary Turnip:
The larger Fruit before-defcribed growing lower
down where the Leaves are thinner z.
Fijh. DAMP1ER fays, that the Fifli at St. Jago
is the fame as at Mayo, and the reft of thefe
Iflands a. Captain Philips found in the Bay great
Plenty of Fifli, and very good. They catched b
them very faft with their Hook ; but in a Sayne,
which they hauled two or three Times in the lit¬
tle fandy Bay, near the Eaft Point coming-in,
they caught fuch Quantities, that the Men, not
being able to eat them all, dried and falted A-
bundance b.
None of the Authors we have met with, men¬
tion any thing of the fubterraneous Productions
of St. j ago, except Captain Roberts , who takes
Marcbojtit. Notice of two. He tells us there is Abundance of c
that Marchafite, which the Portugueze call Beur
d'Ore , which is generally opake, though fome is
a little tranfparent. In the Shade it cafts a dark
bluilh or purple Colour ; but when brought into
the Sun, it fhews the Colour of Gold, and ap¬
pears very bright and glittering. The Author
was informed by fome Gentleman, who had re-
ftded for a Time in feveral Parts of Brazil, and
had converfed with People concern’d in the Mines
there, that there was certainly a gold Mine, d
wherever any great Quantity of this Beur d’Ore
w*as found ; the fame Gentleman likewife told
him, that the Colour made with this Marchafite
Jted Oker. looked as well as Gilding. The other FofTil is a
very curious red Stone [or Oker] which is found
here in a Hill, on the North Side: It is very much
like Chalk in England , but fofter and fomething
heavier than Powder, when feraped oft’ with a
Knife, feeling as fine as the fineft Flour. It
runs in Veins, and next the Surface is a common e
Rock, which growing fofter by Degrees appears
variegated, till you come to a Vein of a
Brimftone Colour. This covers one of a fainter
Yellow, which is fucceeded by a Flefh Colour.
The Red prevailing in the next grows fuller in
one under it : After which the true Vein appears
of a deep, but bright and lively red c.
In the Journal you will find he was {hewn at
Terrafall a kind of yellowifh, grey-colour’d lu¬
minous Rock, full of fliining Spangles, which f
giiftened in the Sun-Beams like Cryftal-Gialo d.
pe d e Verde Islands. 64^
This Ifland enjoys the Privilege of being the St. Jago.
Port of Clearance for all Ships trading by the
Northward of Sierra Leona to Guinea. This n a “J
Advantage joined to the Conveniency of its Situ¬
ation for Commerce hither, brought feveral Mer¬
chants here, who carried on a good Manufacture
in Barrafools, till their Trade declined, as before
mentioned e. However, it gave Occafion to re-
pleni{h this Ifland with Inhabitants; and for the
better Encouragement of Settlers, the Crown
made Grants of the Lands to them and their
Heirs for ever, without any Refervation of Rent
or Tax of any Kind f.
This Afcertaining of Right and Property, Privileges
peopled the Ifland better, and produced greater
Improvements here than in the other Iflands ;
none of which, except St. Philip, had this Pri¬
vilege. But by the Decay of Trade, for the
Reafons above-mentioned, though the Land chief¬
ly belonged to the Whites in Mr. Roberts's Time,
yet there were but few7 of them ; and the Blacks
exceeded them in Number above forty to three
DAMP 1ER affirms the Ifland of St. 'Jago was
inhabited formerly by Portugueze , who were ba-
nifhed to this Place for Murders, Thefts, and o-
ther Villanies h : And Captain Cornwall fays they
are no better than Tranfports, who intermixing
with a Race of People from their Plantations in
Guinea, have but a very faint Refemblance in
Perfon, a coarfe Affinity of Language, and a na¬
tural Indolence to vouch for their Original ; be¬
ing grown per fed Molattos, tall, but not well
proportioned, efpecially the Women, who have
alfo large Lips, flat Bodies, and vicious Inclina¬
tions, being as infamous for Levity as Deformi¬
ty i. By this Converfe amongft their Women-
Slaves, which are Guinea Negros, the People
are in general become black, or at leaft of a
inixt Colour, except only fome few of the better
Sort, viz. the Governor, the Biftiop, and fome
of the Gentlemen and Padres k : Captain Beech-
man fays the fame, with regard to the Colour of
the Inhabitants. He adds, that they are a poor j lazy,
ignorant Sort of People, prodigiousThieves, and
by Religion, Roman Catholics, as they are told ;
but that their Ignorance and Stupidity is fuch,
that they know little more than the Name of
Religion *. This Author having drawn his. Cha-
rader of the Natives of the Ifland in general,
from thofe of Praya, an Exception muft be
made to it, as to the Article of Thievifh : For
Dampicr obferves, that although the People at
z Ibid. 1 Vol. 3. p. 25. b Philips's Voyages to Africa and Barba does, p. 187. c He had
a Piece of this, and alfo of the' Beur d'Orc, but loft them both with feveral other Curiofities, with his boat
ato/. Nicholas, p. 312. d See Roberts' s Voyage, p. 414. c See before, p. 631. b.
berts's Voyage, p. 403. i Ibid, p.404. h Dampin' s Voyages, vol. 4. /. 4. J u«-
nuali's Obfervations, Ac. p. 6. k See Dumpier s Voyages, vol. 3. f,2 3. and vol. 4. p. 4. 1 BeecL-
tnan s Voyage to Borneo, p.,12.
r that
646 Description of the Cape de Verde Islands.
St. ja?o. that Port are addicted to this Vice, yet thofe of a
k/'Y’NJ the Town of St. Jago , living under their Go¬
vernor’s Eye, were more orderly, though gene¬
rally poor, having but little Trade *. The Negros
here wear only a Roll of Linen about their
Heads, and a waift Clout (or Barr afool) made of
blue and white ftriped or checkered Cotton. He
was told, thefe were a good Commodity upon the
Gold-Coaft of Guinea b.
Execrable The Portuguese Clergy in general are re-
Lu,iy‘ nowned over all Chrtflendom for their Ignorance, 1
and amongft them it is a Practice to fend away
into their foreign Plantations fuch Profligates as
have the good Luck to efcape the Inquifition, and
yet would bring a Scandal upon their Function at
home. Thefe are generally Men of fuch loofe,
vicious, and fcandalous Lives, that they could
not fail of being very difagreeable to the Bifhop,
who was a Man of a meek and mild Difpofition,
and therefore preferred to them the Blacks with
no more Education than what they could have at (
St. Jago , as making better and foberer Clergy¬
men ; and, by this Means, moft of the Priefts
among thefe Iflands, as all'o upon the Coaft of
Guinea , were of that Colour : But yet none of
them are ever admitted to the Dignity of Bifhop,
Canon, or Chaplain to the Bifhop, who muft all
be Europeans.
It is poflible, indeed, that there may be here
and there a Perfon of another Character among
thefe profligate Priefts, becaufe fometimes, the c
Want of Friends to get into a Benefice, may
oblige a fober Man to defire a Million abroad,
purely to keep him from Want c.
CerMers. This was manifeflly a very commendable
Practice of the Bifhop; yet the Religious of the
Convent, at the Town of St. Jago already men¬
tioned, gave him a great deal of Trouble upon
that Account, though he was of their own Or¬
der : For they ufed to ridicule and expofe the Ig¬
norance of the Negro Priefts, educated at St. t
Jago , which obliged the Bifhop at laft to threaten
to fhut them up in their Cloifters, if they ever
concerned themfelves with any thing beyond their
own Walls, either ecclefiaftical or civil d.
Negro A great Number of young Blacks are
Pntjlt. brought-up at St. Jago for the Priefthood ; and
as foon as they have refolved to be fuch, they make
an Intereft the ufual Way by Friends, Prefents,
idle. to one of the Dignitaries of the Church,
who takes them under his Tuition; and after
fome Time paft, with little or no Pains, taken
in their Inftru&ion, prefents them to the Bifhop ;
who, after Examination, and a ferious Difcourfe
concerning the Dignity, Importance, and great
Difficulties of the facerdotal Funftion, takes a St. j»go.
folemn Engagement of their tractable Behaviour,
and gives them his Bleffing. This entitles them Education,
to put on a Student’s Habit, which is a long
CafTock, and a Cloak, both of black Bays; and
purchafing a Latin Grammar, and fome cate-
chiftical Books of the firft Rudiments of their
Religion, they labour hard to get all they can
by-heart to be qualified for difputing and bandy-
ing Queftions out of them ; for which Purpofe
they meet in fome fhady Street in the Evening:
But their higheft grammatical Contefts feldom
rife above the Declenfions of Nouns ; few of them
ever being fo deep learned as to be able to form
a Verb through all the Moods and Tenfes e.
As foon as they have made a fufficient Pro- Examiim-
grefs in thefe Books, they pafs a fecond Exami-"0”'*
nation before the Bifhop; who grants a Licence
to the ripeft for reading fome higher Compofi-
tions.
And after fome Time fpent in the fame Kind
of Exercifes as before, they are examined out of
thefe Books a third Time by the Paluflre, who
is Vicar-General, and firft judge of the Inqui¬
fition ; and dignified with the Title of Doctor
Theologies , though, perhaps, he knows little of it. Order ♦/
This Officer gives a Certificate of the feveral,im*
Quafications of the Candidates, the Tenor of
which depends pretty much upon the Size of the
Prefent, &c. made him ; and according to this
Certificate, the Bifhop gives the Ordination of
the loweft Order, or Subdeacon ; and takes an
Oath of Secrecy from them, as well with regard
to thofe Myfteries (which as yet were none of
the higheft) they have already learned, as all thofe
alfo they fhall hereafter be admitted to. Here
they continue till Merit or Intereft fits them to
receive the fecond Degree or Order; namely, of
th eEvangelii. Thus dignified, they have Privilege
to read and perufe the Liturgy, and may officiate
in affifting the Mafs-Prieft, by reading the E-
piftles and Gofpels f.
The Graduate then fets all Engines at work
to obtain the third and higheft Degree, which
is the mifial-Order : But before his Admiffion to
this, he is again fworn, in the moft folemn
Manner, to continue conftant and obedient to
holy Church, fubmitting to and believing every
Thing commanded by her; as likewife to keep
fecret all the Myfteries of Religion not allowed
by holy Church to be expofed to the Secularity.
Thus much fome of the Negro Priefts feem to
have declared to the Author, who fuppofes there
was much more of this Sort of Craft, which
they would not acquaint him with. Being thus
a Dumpier,
uhi fupra.
d Ibid.
b Philips's Voyage to Guinea, Sec. p. 188. c Roberts's Voyage, p. 405,
c Ibid. p. 406, idf feq. [ Roberts's Voyage, p. 407.
regularly
Description of the C a
St. Jago. regularly qualified, their chief Bufinefs is to make a
unnJ all the Intereft they can to get a Benefice as foon
as pofiible.
Upon the Whole, Mr. Roberts hints at the
Artifice of their Superiors, in turning the Igno-
AUdeTods ranee of thefe homebred Tools to ferve their own
Ends ; obferving, that they are kept from com¬
mitting any Crime or Mifcondudl that would ex-
pofe them to the Danger of the Inquifition, or
incur the Bifhop’s Difpleafure, by a firm Belief,
that either of thefe would be fufficient to ruin b
them. This is built upon a Notion which they
have early inftilled into them, and are thoroughly
prepoflefled with, that if they were to run away,
they could expedf no Reception in a foreign
Land, efpecially in Europe , among Chrifiians ,
(that is, Roman Catholics ;) and if they were to
go to the Heretics, they mud eternally be damned
in the future State, and certainly be Slaves during
this Life a.
foPrieJ}. Thus the fame Principle that fecures them to c
'rafi' their Superior’s Views, ferves at the fame Time,
by keeping them from every Thing fcandalous,
to influence the common People to embrace any
jDodbine which they are taught to impofe upon
them ; as, that all thofe, that are out of the Pale
of the Church of Rome , are certainly in a State
of Damnation : And to render them more odious,
they deny them the very Name of Chrifiians ;
infomuch, that many of their Priefts, and mod
of the People, believe, that even Baptifm, d
which is, as it were, the entering and regiftering
a Man into that holy Community, is ufed by no
People in the World, except the Romijb Church
only.
Upon this Occafion the Author obferves, that
this is the Pradfice not only in thefe lflands, where
they know nothing but what they are taught,,
by thofe who make it a great Part of their Study
to reprefent the Reformed Religion in as odious
Colours as they do the Mohammedan : But even e
in Spain and Portugal , if they want to know,
whether you are a Proteftant or Papift, they afk.
If you are a Chrifiian ? which they think you
cannot be, if you are not a Romanijl b.
II. The Ports and Towns of St. Jago.
Rio das Bharkas. Terrafal. Porto Faciendo.
Bighude, or Bikuda Point. Porto Sine Noma.
Porto Formofo. St. Jago’j Bay. Porto Ma¬
dera. Praya Formofa. St. Domingo. Porto
Lobo. St. Francifco. Portete. Porto Praya.
Kalyete St. Martin. Rebeira Grande. Rivera
de Plata. A farther Account of the fame Ports .
pe de Verde Islands. 647
Town of St. Domingo. The City of St. Jago, Sr. Jago.
or Ciudad de Ribeira Grande: Its Situation,'-~~v—~)
Rivulet , Houfes , Cathedral ; Convent of Cor¬
deliers. Cajlle and Fortifications. Bay of Sr.
Jago : Inhabitants. The Men : The Women .
St. Jago taken by Sir Francis Drake, and by Sir
Anthony Sherley.
CAPTAIN ROBERTS failed round the
Bland and vifited all the Ports, of which
we meet with two Accounts : One in the Jour¬
nal of his Voyage ; the other in the Defcription
of the Blands. We {hall infert both here : The
firll is delivered in the fame Order that he per¬
formed that little Navigation.
From the Fuurno , on the Eaft-Side of St. Phi- Das Ef'-ar-
lip’ st he crofled over to the Bay of Rivera daskiS'
Bharkas in St. Jago. There he recruited his Wa¬
ter, and concluded to go about the North-End of
the Bland for Mayo ; which, though feemingly the
longer, he knew to be the (horter Way thither c.
Hence, therefore, he failed to the Bay of Rivera
de PratOi (os Plata) and flopping there a Lee- De Prata,
Tide, the next Windward Tide got to Port Ter- Terrafal.
rafal. Thence, with a Windward Tide, he fetch¬
ed Porto Faciendo. Next, in one Tide, he made Porto Faci«
a Bay, which having no Name, he called Portocn<io‘
Sin gore forge : Here he met with Singore Jhuifs d.
This is a fmall Bay, with a great many Rocks
right againft it of different Sizes; the largeft not
above a good Stone’s Cad in Length, and mod
of them above Water, extending from the Shore
about half a League. This made the Entrance
difficult, but when entered he found a fafe pleafant
Running-in behind the Point, about a good Cable’s
Length wide, from which you could fee no Sea,
but was Land-locked for all Winds, and from five
to three Fathom Water, a Sort of Sand and Ooze
mixed e.
Thence, the fame Day, getting round the nighude
Bighude , or North-Eaft Point of the Bland, a- Point'
bout Noon, the Wind North-Eaft, light Gales,
about two or three in the Evening he faw Monte
Pinofe on the Ifle of Mayo f. From Kalyete in
Mayo Be returned to St. Jago , and fell with a
large fair Bay to the Southward of it, which he
called Porto Sine Noma. He anchored under the porto Sine
high Land on the Northern or Weather Side of Noma,
the Bay in a little fandy Cove ; where, founding
with a Stone, flung to a Fifhing-Line, he found
it pretty deep, and was within a Stone’s Caft of
the Strand before he had Ground. There was
a large Beach of fmall Pebbles, a Sign of clean
Ground, but the Land was fo high, that it made
an eddy Wind blow right into the Bay ; which
* Roberts's Voyage, p. 407.
624. c. I Ibid. p. 3.08.
b Ibid, p.408, & feqq.
{ Ibid. p. 314.
I
f Ibid. p. 306.
d See before,
increafed
■ Porto For
rnofa
Description of the C A
increafed in Proportion to the Gale on Shore, as
the Sun declined a.
He rowed out there to get into the trueWind,
and run down to Porto Formoja b, and from thence
Bi St t.v*o the fame Wind down to the Bay of St.
Porto M ji- Ja&° c > thence down hill to Porto Madera. Here
ckra. he moored with his Anchor off, and a Rope faff
afhore to a Rock, which was like a Key, having
twelve Foot at lov,r Water clofe to it. There
being no Inhabitants near the Port, and but an
indifferent Road from thence to the Village, he
P aya For- coafted hill down to Praya Formofa ; and touch-
mofa. in cr there and at St. Domingo , from thence pro-
St.D>mingo.cegded to Porto Lobo , from whence he rode to
or.o a o. rpovvn d? which is twenty Miles by Land bad
Way; where, in Difcourfe with Sin gore Pedro
■B alder aveffa, aflerting, that Porto Lobo was a
more fecure Port than Kalyete , efpecially in the
fhifting Wind Seafon, that Gentleman told him,
that Kalyete was always reckoned the fafeft Port in
all. 5/. Jago e.
rSf. Franc:fco From Porto Lobo he ran down the Coaft,
. and Portate. taking a View of the Bays ot St. Francifco and
Portate ; and being fhort of Day-light to go to
Kalyete , he anchored at Villa de Praya till next
Morning, and then ran to the Kalyete : But ex¬
pelling a Southern Wind in a little Time, he
haftened to get to the Eaft-Side of the Ifland : Be-
caufe from thence he could not only better fail
v/ith a Southerly or Wefterly Wind, but the
Roads are the fafeft alfo ; for there is not one
Road on the Lee-Side of the Ifland where a Man
can ride fafe with a Wefterly or South-Weft
Wind, except Kalyete St. Martin : But then you
cannot get out with thofe Winds ; which, how¬
ever, are the only Winds you have to carry you
up to the Windward Iflands. From hence there¬
fore he went back to Porto Praya f.
Captain ROBERTS , in his Difcription of
the Iflands, begins his Account of the Ports at
Porto Praya on the South-Side of St. 'Jago , and
proceeds Weftward round the Ifland as before,
till he comes back to the fame Place.
PORTO PRAYA , which lies near the South
p£ de Verde Islands!
St. Jago.
Martin.
Praya.
Kalyete.
IPorto Praya
’ — - /
Weft Point of St. Jago , is the firft and moft
noted Port, being diftinguifhed from the reft by
its pleafant Profpetft. The Town and Fort ftand
©n a pretty high flat Land in the Middle of the
Bay, with a Valley on each Side, diverfified with
•Cocoa-Nut and Palm-Trees. The belt Riding
is beyond the Ifland on the North -Weft Side of
the Bay ; which, however, in the open Part, is
clean Sand or Clay from fifteen to five or fix
a Fathom; but within that tough Ooze to three
Fathom, and then Sand again. There is good
Watering here E.
About two Leagues from Praya , WeftK„ab?te St,
North -Weft, lies Kalyete St. Martin ; a narrow
Cove not above half a Cable’s Length broad, and
runs-in from theWeftermoft Point about a Quar¬
ter of a Mile, having fixteen or eighteen Foot
Water within. You moor with an Anchor off,
and' a Stern- faft afhore to a Tree in the Middle
b of the Beach, which is full of fmall Stones.
There you lie fecure all the rainy Seafon, and
may w'ater alfo. You muft take a Black aboard
at Porto Praya to {hew you the Place, being hard
to find ; although there is no Danger, but what
you may fee h. The Author in his Voyage ob-
ferves, that in the rainy Seafons this is the ficklieft
Part of all the Ifland h From Kalyete to the City
[that is, Rebeira Grande , or St. Jago] is about
four Miles by Land, pretty level, but very ftony
c Way.
Before the City, which lies about a League Rebeira
[by Sea] to the North- Weft ward [of Kalyete ] is^de
a very ordinary Road ; being fo very foul, that
it is much, if you lie anyTime there, but you cut
your Cable, or hook your Anchor in the Rocks,
and leave it behind. Several Veffels have been
loft in this Road, which is the Reafon that of
late it has been frequented by few, except Por-
tugueze. The Dutch formerly touched here for
d Refrefhments ; but of late Porto Praya only hath
been ufed k.
RIVERA DE PLATA is a very good Bay, Rivera de
all clean Ground, in what Depth you pleafe, Plaw*
from three and a half to twelve or fourteen Fa¬
thom ; and is a better Place to water at, than
Porto Praya , the Stream running down to the
Sea-fide, where you may rowl your Cafk into the
River, and fill it at the Bung, without ufing
Bucket or Funnel. You have all Sorts of Re-
e frefhments here, as Fruit, Roots, Fowls, Goats,
and Cows, much cheaper than either at Porto
Praya , or the City: He had feen a much better
Cow fold here for two thoufand five hundred
Reas, than you could have for fix thoufand, or
eight Dollars, at Porto Praya y ar.d Maiz is as Porto Praya,
dear again there as here h ani
TERRAFAL is the next coflfiderable Port, Terrafa!.
but yields no Commodities for Trade; and tho’
it is a good Road when in, except in the fhift-
f ing-wind Seafon, yet the Turning-up into it is
very troublefome.
The next is Porto Faciendo , a fair large Bay, Porto Fa-
ciendo.
Roberts's Voyage, p. 317
be meant what elfewhere
Grande , or St. Jago, on the
p. 333, & feqy. E Ibid. p. 409
p. 410. | Ibid. p. 410, Jeqq.
Ibid. p. 329
« Ibid. p. 331.
By the Town muft
he calls the City, to diftinguilh it from the four Towns or Villages; that is, Ribeira
he South- Weft Side of the Ifle. * Roberts's Voyage, p. 332. * Ibid.
k Ibid. p. 410.
Ibid . p. 340.
* Ibid.
and
St. Jago.
Bikhude
Point.
Porto For¬
me 1*.
St. Jago.
Porto Ma¬
dera.
Description of the C a
and clean athwart the Beach, from ten to four
Fathom. You may alfo fill Water here ; but
this Part of the Ifland being moftly Pafture-Jand,
you can have little Refrefhment, except Goats,
and Cows, which are as cheap as on any Part ot'
the Ifland. The Author bought a young Bull a-
bout two Years and an half old, for an old Shirt,
not worth Sixpence in England.
There are feveral Coves and little Bays
betwixt this Road and the Bikhudc , which is
the Northermoft Point of St. Jago: But the
Country is not only barren and uninhabited, but
it is a dangerous Coaft ; being all along full of
Rocks, feveral under Water, and thofe that {hew
themfelves out of it don’t lie above a Mile off
the Shore a.
Having doubled the Bikhude , the Coaft: runs
to the Southward of Porto fine Noma, before de¬
scribed b. The next Bay is Porto Formofa , being
a very fair one, all Mud up at the Head of it
round the Point, where a Small Shallop may lie
Land-locked from all Winds ; but it is not con¬
venient for Trade.
SAINT JAGO is known by its Church,
which is white-walhed, and covered with red
Pantiles, and ftands athwart the Middle of the
Bay on a riling Ground; with a Valley on its
South and North-Side, well planted with Cocoa-
Nuts and Palm-Trees. The Bay is clean Sandy
Ground, and affords fiife Anchoring in ten or
twelve Fathom, A little to the Northward of
the Church, there commonly runs a great Sea
along Snore, which is Sandv.
This is one of the plentifulleft Places on St.
Jago , for whatever the Ifland produces ; and the
People are very free, like thofe of St. John.
South by Eaft of this, about two or three
Miles, lies Porto Madera : The Mouth is not a-
bove a good Stone’s Caft wide, between two rocky
Points, but fteep on both Sides to the Water,
which is from nine to fix Fathom. After you are
fhot-in about the Northermoft Point, you have
four, and farther-in three Fathom and an half.
You are then Land-locked for all Winds, and
can See no Sea, and may Secure a Ship of three
hundred Tons with a three Inch Rope c. Its Bot¬
tom is Sand mixed with Clay : But higher up, it
is Soft Mud. It is a very good Harbour when in,
and neither dangerous nor difficult to enter. But
it is hard for a Stranger to find, becaufe one
Point locks or {huts in the other So, that you can¬
not perceive the Harbour till you are paft it, as
it is So narrow, and has nothing remarkable
enough to diftinguifh it : The only Way for Such
pe de Verde Islands.
a is to take-in one of the Natives on
- — board at
St. Jago to fhew them the Port.
From this there are Several Bavs before you
come to Porto Lobo, but none fit ‘for Ships to
ride in, and all Somewhat dangerous; having-
many Sunken Rocks lying along the Coaftt
though none farther than a Mile off Shore.
PORTO LOBO is a very Safe Harbour, when Porto Lobo.
in, from all Winds. The Entrance is but narrow,
not above half a Cable’s Length broad, with fe-
b veral funken Rocks lying on each Side of it,
which makes this Port too dangerous for a Stran¬
ger to enter without a Pilot. It feems with¬
in like a large Bafbn, or Lake, being about three
Quarters of a Mile every Way : But has not
above twelve or fourteen Foot Water ; except
under the Northermoft Point, where you have
eighteen or twenty Foot. It is all muddy Ground
till you run up to the Bottom of the ilake, and
then fandy. A little to the Northward of Porto
c Lobo, the mountainous Land of the Ifland of
St. Jago terminates ; and except Some Hills, is
flat, yet moftly high champain Land down to
Porto Pray a d.
Betwixt Ports Lobo and Praya is the RoadStTrancifcoi
oS St. Francifco, a fair Tandy Bay, with Cocoa-
Nut and Palm -'Frees in the Valley; But it is
foul Ground in moft Places of the Bay ; neither
is there any frefh Water near.
About a League to the South -Weft Ward from Porute.
d St. Francifco is a Cove, called Portet , or Portate, a
good Road for Shallops or fmall Vefiels, but not
fit for great Ships: There lies a funken Rock a-
beut two Thirds on the Starboard-Side going- in.
The next Road is Porto Praya already deferibed e.
Let us next take atranfient View of the Towns. TsotTi.
Dampier was told, that there are two large Towns
on this Ifland, fome Small Villages, and a great
many Inhabitants'1: But Captain Roberts Says,
there are SourTownsg, viz. St. Jago, St. Domingo,
e St. Domingo Abapeu, and Villa de Praya , befides
the City called Cidada de Rebeira Grande, which
Name Roberts, as well as the late foreign Authors,
doubtleSs after the Inhabitants, gives to the Ca¬
pital, and not St. Jago, as other Englifo Voy¬
agers call it. Whence it muft needs be the fame
with St. Jago, although Barbot makes them two
diftindf Places \ It took the Name of Ribeira
Grande , probably to diftinguifti it from St. Jags
on the Eaft-Side of the Ifland, whicli is one of
f the four Towns (or Villages) mentioned by Ro¬
berts, and a Port deferibed a little above.
Captain ROBERTS Saw all the Places St. Doming
above-mentioned, except one of the St. Domingo’s,
a Roberts's Voyage, p.
41 1.
b See p. 647. e.
„ , # , J c Ibid. p. 412. d Ibid, p.413. « Ibid.
p. 4H- * Dampier' s Voyages, vol. 1. p. 76. s In 1593, when Sir Richard Hawkins was at
St. Jago , there were one City, and two Towns, with their Ports on the ifland. See his Voyage to the South-
Sea, p. 29. h See his Description of Guinea, p. C38.
Vol. I. N° XXXII. 4O
wh{£h
St. Jago
City.
Description of the C a
which is a Village twelve Miles within Land from a
St. Jago. Here the Governor, the Bifhop, and
other Perfons of Quality dwelt, when Sir Fran¬
cis Drake attacked the Ifland in 1585. T he
twentv-fourth of November , he marched thither
from St. Jago Town with fix hundred Men, but
the Enemy fled, and he burnt the Place a. Be¬
fore this, in 1582, it was facked by Manoel Pe-
rades , a Portugueze , who commanded a French
p]eet
Of the other four Places, which are Maritime, b
only two are mentioned by the Generality of
Voyagers, viz. St. Jago and Porto Praya ; as be¬
ing the only Ports on the Ifland frequented by
European Ships: But to make Amends, they fur-
rifli a good many very ufeful Remarks with re¬
gard to the Country in general, and its Inha¬
bitants.
The City of St. Jago (or Ciudad de Rebeira
Grande ) lies three Leagues to the Weft of
Praya. Dampier puts it on the South - Weft Part <
of the Ifle, and in the Latitude of fifteen De¬
grees North c ; but Captain Cornwall obferved it
to lie in fifteen Degrees five Minutes'1. This
Town, according to the firft of thefe Authors,
Hands fcattering againft the Sides of two Moun¬
tains, between which there is a deep Valley, a-
bout two hundred Yards wide againft the Sea ;
but within a Quarter of a Mile it clofes-up fo, as
not to be forty Yards wide c.
The City of St. Jago , when Sir Francis <
Drake took it, in 1585, was of a triangular Form,
Handing in a very narrow Valley between two
rockv Mountains ; one on the Eaft, the other on
the Weft-Side, which feemed to hang over it,
and on each were built certain Fortifications to
fecure it. The Town alfo was walled, the South-
Side wafhed by the Sea, near which there was a
Fort ; and there were fifty Pieces of Cannon a-
bout the Town. Through the Midft of the Val¬
ley ran a fmall Rivulet of frefh Water, which
made a Pond near the Sea-Side, where Ships might
conveniently water.
At the End of the Town (Northward) the
Valley widening, was converted into Gardens
and Orchards, rtplenifhed with Lemons, Oranges,
Sugar-Canes, Cocoa-Nuts, Plantains, Potatoes,
Cucumbers, Onions, Garlic, and divers other
Fruits, Plants, and Trees f.
In Sir Anthony Sher ley’s Voyage to St. Jago and
the Wejl Indies , 1596, St. Jago is thus defcribed.
pe de Verde Islands.
It Hands between two fteep Cliffs ftrongly houfed, St. J»go.
and three exceeding good Forts commanding the
Whole: The Chief of them fituate on the Top
of the (Eaftern) Hill, right over the Town, fo
that from thence with their Mufkets they com¬
mand every Street. The other two Forts ftand
by the Water-Side; all three commanding the
Road, and the two laft every Street in the Town.
On the Front of the Town the Sea beats: The
Clifts are afcended each by only one fmall Path,
where but one Man can march at a Time g.
With regard to the River, or Rivulet, here,
Dampier obferves: That in the Valley by the Sea,
there is a ftraggling Street, Houfes on each Side,
and a Run of Water in the Bottom ; which emp¬
ties itfelf into a fine fmall Cove, or fandy Bay,
where the Sea is commonly very fmooth : So that
here is good Watering and good Landing at any
Time ; though the Road be rocky, and bad for
§hlD$
Captain PHILIPS gives the beft De-
fcription of this Stream in a few Words. Through
the Middle of the Town (fays he) there runs a
fmall Brook, about eight Yards broad, and a
Foot deep, which pafles through the Foot of the
Town -Wall, and empties itfelf into the Sea 1 ;
after it has firft crofted a (lately Orchard, in-
clofed with a Wall, and planted with Cocoa and
Orange -Ttrees k.
DAPPER fays, this River nfes two Miles
1 from thence, and falls into the Sea, by a Mouth
a Bow-(hot wide. Durret calls it Rtbeira Corea :
He fays alfo, that its Banks are covered with Ce¬
dars, Cocoas, and other Fruit-Trees l.
DAMP IER fays, the Town may confift o t Unfit, Ce~
two or three hundred Houfes, all built with rough
Stone ; havingalfoone Convent, and one Church .
Philips makes the Number of Houfes about two
hundred n; and fays there is a Convent, a Nunnery, 2nd
a good large Church near the Caftle0. This, doubt-
e lefs,is the Cathedral, which Roberts tells us is afair^^
Building : Befides which, he fays, there is a Con¬
vent of Cordelier Friars, who, it feems, are the
onlv Men on thefe Iflands who conftantly eat
frefh- baked and fermented Wheaten - Bread,
the Flour being fent them yearly from Portu¬
gal. They had very fine Gardens, ftored with
Sallading, and the beft Fruit on the Ifland >
and made a Cut from the Rivulet of Rtbeira
Grande , to bring the Stream through their Gar-
f dens, from whence the Water was hkewile con-
» Seethe Hero, or Sir FrMit Droit revived, p. 129. ‘ HawOu't Voyage to the Stutb-Stt,
Seethe «.»«> V voI. 3. p. s c[Jft obfervation on Voyages p. 6 Dtufur,
ubi [upra. This Author gives a Draught of the Town and Bay. Du. rs oyag , a /p .
f,T»A. t See tiMgt't Colleftion, vol. j. f 59* a o ‘ Rgtl, ItE
vol % P 22. ’ Philips's Voyage to Africa and Barbadoes, p. 187. ee " J f n n ”
p. 7.3’ P' 1 Durret' s Voyage^ « Lima, in 1707, p. 85. ™ Dampier' s Voyages vol. 3. f.2Z. B
hot fays, the City of Ribeira Grande 'has five hundred Hpufes. See his Defcription of Guinea, P-53 •
tips' s Voyage, ubi f upra.
Phi-
«r -3
St. Jago
CsJUe,
Descript pon of the Cape
veyed almoft to every Part of the Koufe, which, a
next to the Cathedral, makes the belt Profpeft in
or about the City a.
If we may judge of the reft of the Houfes by
thofe on the Top of the Hill, which Dr. Fryar
defcribes \ they are one Story high, thatched with
Cocoa-Nut-Tree Leaves or Branches : Windows
with wooden Shutters, but no Cafements, built
with Mud and Stone. All that he faw, the big-
geft not four Yards in Front, and half that
taken up by the Door. Their Furniture an- t
fwerable.
The Foundation of the Governors Houle is
even with the Tops of mod of the other Houfes
in the Town, which lies in a Bottom under it c.
This Town feems to be in much the fame
Condition, for Strength, that it was in the Time
of Sir Francis Drake , and Sir Anthony S her ley, as
hath been already mentioned. Dampier obferves,
that juft by the Landing-place, there is a fmall
Fort, almoft level with the Sea, where is always c
a Court of Guard kept. On the Top of the
Hill above the Town, there is another Fort,
which, by the Wall that is feen from the Road,
feems to be a large Place. They have Cannon
mounted there, but how many he knew not;
neither what Ufe that Fort can be of, except tor
Salutes d. Philips fays, the Number of Guns is
about twelve; that the Caftle ftands on the Hill,
on the Eaft Side of the Town, and makes a pret¬
ty good Shew at Sea e. After this he furveyed the d
Garifon more leifurely, and obferved about eight
fmall Houfes in it, ready to tumble : Their
Church was the beft, and next the Corps du
Guard. On the Brow of the Hill was a little
Breaft-work, through which peeped fix fmall
Iron minion Guns, fo much out of Kelter, that
they were ready to drop out of their Carriages f.
j9rJ Ptrtifi. Thefe are the half Dozen fmall Pieces near the
■rations.
e>e Verde Islands.
a Company of their Militia, raifed on this Occa*
fion. Their Mufkets and Pikes, with their Co¬
lours (which were of Silk, with a green Crofs
athwart, and the Arms of Portugal in the midft
of it) refted againft the Wall, which could not
have fupported their Weight, if it had not been
fupported itfelf by fome Trees. Thofe who
walked about had Javelins in their Hands, and
long Swords tied to their Backs: They faluted
the Englijh with their Hats,bowing to the Ground.
The Mountain was very fteep, yet People mount¬
ed on Aftes, with Jackanapes’s behind them, to
the Author’s Surprife, rode over the Precipices,
which nothing but themfelves and Goats could
clamber. At the Top they found another Wall,
over which was a Gate, with a Crofs upon it.
As foon as they pafted through it, they faw, on
the left Hand, a Building, which was either a
Prifon or a Guard-houfe. Not many Paces from
it, on the fame Side, was a Row of Houfes already
: defcribed. Proceeding in the Way, which here
was eafy and plain, on the Right flood another
Crofs, fupported by a fquare Pillar, raifed on
Steps ; and a little farther, a Chapel, being the
rural Seat of one of their black Padres. Not
much beyond this, was the Corps du Guard ,
whence their Centinels were fupplied, nearer the
Water-ftde, in a well-chofen Place. On the Brow
of the Precipice were the fix little Cannon ; and
not far from thence another Guard-houfe h, al¬
ready mentioned.
The fame Author obferves, that the Country
neighbouring on the City, is rocky and moun¬
tainous : But that more within Land, it is re¬
ported to be pleafant, well watered, and furnifh-
ed with all the Neceflaries of Life *.
To the Account already given of St. J ago’s Bay of St.
Bay, or Port, from Captain Roberts , we fhall Ja6°*
add here what other Authors report of it.
Doctor. FRYAR i ays, that this Bay
Semicircle, of four Miles in Content;
weathermoft Point bearing South -Weft,
Weft, the other (to which was an Inlet)
by South, and South k : That the Ground
covered with Coral of all Sorts, and that
Water-ftde, on the Brow of a Precipice, over¬
looking the Haven, which faluted the Ship in e
which Dr. Fryar went to India : And not far
from it was another Guard-houfe facing the
Land, which gave Notice what Veflels were
feen at Sea g.
It may give the Reader lorne farther Light
to infert the Do&or’s Account of his Walk from
the Sea-ftde to the Top of the Hill. Landing with
others at the Watering-place, he pafted on to
the Grove ; and by a Door in the W"all (which
was Mud and Stone, Breaft-high) entered into a f
Court, where lay, at the Foot of the Mountain,
* Roberts' s Voyages, p. 405. b Fryar' s Travels, p. 8. ' Hi Part “ . *2'
pier's Voyages, vol. 3. p. 22. We are told before, that this Fort commanded both the Town and Port. Eife-
where he lays this Fort commands the Harbour, Voyages, vol. 1. P-7 • 1 Tr ’ h ' . o’
He fays, he faw nothing more worth Notice, except a Crofs or two. g Fry a r s Trav ds, / 8
h Ibid. p. 7, fcf fia. S » Ibid. P. 9. * The Author gives a Draught ol this Bay and Coall
to the Weft. » Ibid. p. 6. “ Voyage m Guinea, p. 187. ^
is a
the
half
Eaft
was
the
Shore, at landing, is Tandy and eafy l. Captain
Philips fays the Road is lmaller and more ex-
pofed than that of Praya, and the Ground foul
an(J foclcy
DAMP IE R declares, that St. Jago Road is
one of the word that he had been in. There
not, continues he, clean Ground enough for
is
a-
65:
Description of the Cape de Verde Islands.
‘m. jago. bove three Ships, and they alfo mull lie very near a in their Hands, without either Hole or Shoes, St> Jae°>
Inhabitant!,
*Xhe Men,
each other : One even of thefe mull lie clofe to
the Shore, with aLand-faft there ; and that is the
heft for a fmall Ship. He (hould not have come-
in here, if he had not been told, that it was a
good fecure Place ; but he found it fo much
otherwife, that he was in Pain to be gone.
Captain Barefoot , who came to an Anchor while
iv was here, in foul Ground, loft quickly two
Anchors ; vand the Author had loft a fmall one a.
The Ifland Fogo fhews itfelf from this F„oad very
plain, at about feven or eight Leagues Diftance ;
and in the Night we few the Flames of Fire if-
fuing from its Top b ; and the Smoke by Day,
adds Fryar c.
Captain P HI LI PS obferves, that they
are fo jealous of the Inhabitants going-off in
Ships which call-in here, that they don’t keep a
Boat in the Ifland ; at leaft he faw none, either
here or at Praya d : And a Guard is kept con-
ftantly upon the Marine, while any Ships are in
Port, to prevent it e. The Author mentions this
on Occafion of an old Flemijh Officer, Com-
you fhall fee them ftrut and look as big as the
greateft Dons in Portugal s.
The Women are notfo handfome as the Men, Women,
but blubber-lipp’d, more corpulent, and fhorter ;
notorious alfo for their Levity. Their Head-
geer, a Clout rowled up like our Water-bearers;
their Backs and Breafts (which were large and
hanging down) bare to theirWaifts, from whence
a. thin Cloth, in manner of a Petticoat, reached
down to their Feet, which were bare likewife:
Some of the better Sort had Bracelets about their
Arms and Necks ; with falfe Stones in their Ears,
and a kind of Veil from their Head to their
Knees, with a clofe -bodied Coat and Hanging-
Sleeves h.
Dr. FRY A R was invited-in by fome of the
Inhabitants ; but all the Entertainment he met
with was a Pipe of Tobacco. The Inftrument
they fmoak with, is called a Hubble-Bubble, from
the Noife it makes. It is a long Reed, as brown
as a Nut with Ufe, inferted into the Body of a
Cocoa-Shell, filled with Water; the Surface of
mandant of the Caftle, who would willingly which is juft preffed by a very nafty Bowl, which
have come away with him, but durft not attempt
it.
DAPPER calls this Harbour, Porto Reibeira
Korea, and fays it lies to the Northweftward of
Cabo Tubarao , which feems to be the moft Eaft-
ern Point of the Bay of St. Jago. The Englijh
Pilot fays, Cape Tz/fortfHiesSouth-Weft of Praya ; d
and Port Reibeira , Weft of that Point.
According to Captain Philips , the Majority
of the Inhabitants of this Town are Portugaeze ;
but that in the reft of the Iflands, the Blacks are
twenty to one f.
Dr. FRYAR fays, the People are of a come¬
ly Black, with frhzled Hair, tall of Stature, but
cunning and thievifh, flaring you in the Face
while they cut oft' a Shoulder-Knot, or pick your
Pocket. * e
Their Speech and Drefs are both broken
Portugueze. Thus the Doftor paints the Men :
Few of them, fays he, are fo well clad as to hide
their Nakednefs ; for cither their Legs, Shoulders,
or Backs may be feen, and in fome, all. If any
of them can get an old Hat, with a Bunch of
Ribbons, two white Sleeves, a Waift-band, or
a Coat flaftied, to hang back to fhew their Sleeves,
or an old Pair of long Breeches to their Backfides,
they ram with uncut Tobacco, where you may
fuck as long as you pleafe : But if you expert
any thing elle, you will find Vourfelf much dif-
appointed ; their common Drink being only
Water, and Food as plain, nothing but the Fruits
of the Earth \
The fixteenth of November , 15 85, Sir Francis j>grt
Drake anchoring between this City and Praya, taken by Sir
landed above a thoufand Men, under Lieu tenant- Fra *u
General Carlife. Drawing near the Place, they
defeended (the Eaftern Hill) into the Valley ;
and the Inhabitants being fled, the Englijh Enfign
was placed in the Fort towards the Sea. Here
they flayed fourteen Days, and got Provifion, but
no Treafure : They burnt it to revenge the Death
of an Englijh Boy, cruelly murdered by the Na¬
tives k.
After this, in September , 1696, Sir Antho- And Sir A,
ny Sherley marched from Praya to St. 'Jago, withSheil.7.
two hundred and eighty Men. When they came
in Sight of it, they could fee no Way to get into
it, but by one narrow Path down a very fleep
Hill, where only one Man could pafs at a Firne.
The Englijh were difmayed at the Strength of the
Place; and the Enemy wanted them down into
the Valley, but half Mu/ket-fhot over, concluding
an unfizeable Sword to their Backs, a Javelin f then they fhould have them at their Mercy. The
a This anfwers to the Account already given of this Road, by Captain Roberts. See before, p. 648. c.
b See D ampler % Voyages, vol. 3. p. 26,
See his Travels, p. 10.
Dumpier fays, they have 1.0
Boats of their own on any of the I /lands ; fo that they are forced to buy even their Salt from Foreigners, far
want of being able to tranfport it themfelves, from Ifland to Ifland. See his Voyages, vol. 3. p. 22. Bathe
mentions no Caufe ; and they have Boats at St. Nicholas. e Philips , ubifupra , p. 188. 1 Ibid. p. 187.
£ Fryar' % Travels, p. 9, 11 Ibid. p. 9, & Jeq. * Ibid. p. 8. k See Drake's, Voyag-'S, ubi fupra,
p. 129.
4
General
Dbscription of the Cape d e Verde Islands.
General finding his Retreat, cut-off, and that a It is alfo an Epifcopal See, Suffragan_to Lis-
had nothing elfe for it, refolutely marched
'he had nothing elfe for it,
down ; where he was purfued by the People,
who from both Sides pelted them with Stones :
But thofe who attempted their Rear, were fo well
received, that they made a full Stop, and came
no more near. Prom hence they had half a
bonf‘, from whence the Bifhop is fent g, who
ferves for all the Cape de Verde Ifiands h. Befides
the Governor, the Ovidor, or Judg#1, has his
Refidence at Ribeira Grande k. Here alfo is the
Bifhop’s Palace, who has a Country-Seat befides,
about three or four Miles out of the City, called
err- • • l 7 ✓! _ CTY.’ G.. \ TT~ * /1!LJ QV
I1U UIGiC XlCai • J. 1U1I1 UVUV-v. ~ - - . . ' ' f n
Mile to the Town ; where, in the Streets, they Trinidade (i. e. Trinity.) He is filled Bilhop ot St.
... • . . 1 /I . * _ a f .-.11 L A * /l * O n/1 (~\ 1 Oil
in
Jago, of all the Cape de Verde Blands, and of all
the Coafis of Guinea J.
I n 1689, thefe Iflands were governed, as well
... Civil as Ecclefiaftical Affairs, by a Prelate m.
The Governor of St. Jago , in 1693, when Cap¬
tain Philips was there, was a Layman, and ap¬
peared in pretty good Equipage. He dwelt iu a
large Hut, with a Court before it. It had an
Iron Balcony facing the Sea, towards which there
was a fine ProfpetSf. He treated the Captain with
a Collation, being a Loaf of good white Bread,
a Box of Marmalade, laid on a Napkin, and a
fquare Cafe-Bottle, half full of Madera Wine, but
fo foul and hot, it almofi turned the Captain’s
the Town for two Days Stomach in drinking it.
The Governor excufed
were oppofed by their Pikemen : But the Captain
and feveral others being killed, they fled; and the
General now poffefled of the two lower forts, b
and the Town, barricadoed the Streets. The
Portugueze increafing to 3000, attacked them,
flew feveral Men, and did great Damage from
the upper Fort. They were reduced to great
Streights when the Ships came into the Road,
and were battered by the upper Fort, at which
the General ordered the Ships and lower torts
to fire furioufly in the Night. The Portu¬
guese imagining their Defign was to affauit it,
drew thither for its Defence ; and in the mean (
Time the Englifi) retreated to their Ships after
being in Pofleffion of
and Nights a.
BE EC K MA A7, who was here in 1713, fays,
that the French, with eighty or a hundred Men,
took the Bland a few Years before ; but abandon¬
ed it in a little Time, having carried away what
Plunder they could find b.
BARBOT obferves, that they took and plun¬
dered the City, in 1712% which, we prefume,
was the fame Tranfadtion mentioned by the for¬
mer Author.
III. Government and Trade of St. Jago. Tcivn of
Praya deferibed.
Government of St. Jago. Treacherous Pirates.
Perfidious Governor : Captain Beeckman pcifion-
ed by him. Trade of the Town. Provifions. .... _
Old Cloaths , the befi Commodity here. "1 own of handfomely, and
Praya. Its Strength. The Bay dejcribecl. Road e with a very bad Return
Gvotrnment.
himfelf from going 7 ‘reacbt rout
on board, by reafon, he Paid, that fome of his Pirateu
Predeceflors in that Poft had been detained by
Pirates and Privateers, till they had what Provi-
fion they demanded : For which, it feems, they
would give a Bill, payable at London , but drawn
on John a Nokes , or the Pump at Aldgate ; as A-
very ferved the Governor of St. Thomas.
This Gentleman was of a noble Family in
Portugal, a Man of good Parts and Experience ;
but his Cloaths very fhabby : He had a long black
Wig, which reached to his Middle, but fome
Body, fays our Author, had plucked out the
Curls n.
BEECKMAN, who was here in 1713, had p(rpha *•
the Governor on board his Ship, treated himGwwnw*
fome Guns ; but met
. . For going next Day to
the Caftle, with fome others, by the Cape-Verdi -
an % Invitation, he treated them according to his
flovenlv Manner, in Appearance, tolerably well ;
but they foon after found the Effects of his per¬
fidious Banquet. As foon as they gotxon board,
they took fuch Antidotes as the Surgeon (who was
one of the Guefis, and fared no better than the'
reft) thought proper on the Occafion. They la¬
boured under the violent Shocks of the Poifou
for four or five Days, being firft taken with a
gave him
not defended. The bef Riding. Much frequent¬
ed by Ships. Dire diions to find it. Trade there.
The Inhabitants. Beggarly Pride. Great Thieves.
Their rcguijh Craft.
THIS Bland hath always, from the firft,
remained in the King’s Hands d ; and the
Governor who refides at the City of St. Jago
has Jurifdidion not only over the ocher Iflands e,
but alfo over all the Portuguze Dominions in
North or High Guinea. ' f
» See Hakluyt's Colleftion, p. 599, & fiq. b Voyage to Borneo, p 13. c Burbot's De-
feription of Guinea, p. 538. d Roberts' s Voyages, p. 403. ' Dumpier s V oyages, vol. 1 . p. 76.
‘ Burbot's Defcriptioo of Guinea, p. 538. s Philips's Voyage to Guinea, p. 187. fDam'
tier's Voyages, vol. 3. p. 22. and Hawkins' s Voyage to the South-Sea, p. 29. 1 heie is the Afienaa,
or Courts of Juflice. Hawkins, ibid. k That is, St. Jago, as before ob ferved. R. e/ts s-
Voyages, p. 404. Ovsngton's Voyage to Surat, p. 41. 2 Philips, itbi fi/jra, p. 185,
inoft
Description of the Cape d e Verde Islands.
mofl terrible Vomiting and Loofenefs ; after¬
wards with violent Comulfions both in their
Bowels and Limbs ; and at laft became raving
mad. The Surgeon did not begin to vomit till
the third Day, but fwelled in a prodigious Man¬
ner : After the fifth Day, they began to recover
both their Senfes and Health : But two lay lan¬
guishing for feveral Months during the Voyage,
and at laft died. They had neither Time nor
Power enough to revenge fo execrable a Piece of
Villany 3.
Trade. The Town of St. Jago is but poor, having
but little Trade; yet Dampier obferves, that be-
fides chance Ships of other Nations, there come
hither a Portugueze VefTel or two every Year in
their Way to Brafil. Thefe vend among them
a few European Commodities, and take off their
principal Manufactures, viz. Itriped Cotton-Cloth,
which they carry with them to America. Ano¬
ther Ship alfo comes hither from Portugal for Su¬
gar, their other Manufacture, and returns with i
it direCtly thither b: He found here two Portu¬
gueze Ships bound for Brafil. and an Englijh Pink,
that had taken-in Affes at one of the other Iflands
for Barbados c.
No Provifions can be had here or elfewhere
without the Governor’s Leave, and all the Cattle
is fold by himfelf alone. Dampier going from
Praya thither to buy Provifion, the Governor
treated him with Sweetmeats, and fent a Crier
about the Town to give Notice of the Occafion (
of his Coming, by tvhich Means he got Fowls
and Maiz in Truck for Salt ; but Cattle were not
to be had without Money d. Philips found Things
much in the fame Pofture. The Governor would
fell no Cattle but for Money, of which the Cap¬
tain had none ; but gave him Leave to buy Goats,
Sheep, &c. in Truck.
Prwi/ms. Next Day, the Captain going afhore at the
Cod of the Bay, found it covered with ragged
Merchants ; fome had Oranges, Lemons, Cocoa- <
Nuts, Pine-Apples, Bananas, £sV. Here one with
a Couple of fmall Hens in his Hand ; there ano¬
ther with a little Monkey e upon his Knee : A
little farther one with a Goat betwixt his Legs,
another near him with a Hog tied to his Arm ;
. and the Seamen very bufy tracking with them
for old ragged Shirts, Drawers, or any other
Moveables, for nothing comes amifs; fo that the
Trade was very brifk and diverting.
Having befpoken of a Gentleman, who
came to contra# with him for Provifions, fifteen St. Jjg8,
Goats, ten Sheep, four Hogs, fixty Hens, fivev—
hundred Oranges, and as many Lemons, he
found them ready according to Promife at the
Sea-Side, and had them, he fays, very reafonably ;
paying three Pounds in Spanijh Money, which
was all they could raife among the Officers, and
the reft in Mufkets, Coral, and printed Linen f.
Travellers agree, that nothing goes off otd death*
better here than old Cloaths. Ovington fays, tb cythl
are the ftaple Commodity, and that they pride ™ "J"
themfelves mightily in wearing them g. Captain
Cormvall , to old Cloaths, adds Knives and Scilfars,
which, he fays, turn to better Account here than
ready Money h. Beeckman fays, the Natives bring
down their Cattle and Fowl to the Port to ex¬
change for old Cloaths, black Cafes, Hats, Knives,
Oil, Butter, Cheefe ; or almoft any thing of fo¬
reign Growth or Manufacture, be it never fo old
or indifferent *. No Wonder Butter and Cheefe
fhould be good Commodities at St. Jago , fince
Ovington tells us, the Inhabitants know not how
to make either k. But poffibly it is becaufe they
have feldom Bread to eat there-with ; which was
their Cafe then.
SAINT JAGO formerly was the great Mar¬
ket for Negro Slaves, which were fent from
thence immediately to the JVeJl Indies 1 : But at
prefent that Trade runs in another Channel.
PRAYA, or PLATA , as it is called by Sir PrayaTiw/r,
John Hawkins , fignifies, in Portugueze , Strand
or Shore. The fame Author fays, the Town lies
three Leagues Eaftwards of St. Jago, and Hands
high with a goodly Bay, whence its Name01.
Beeckman puts the Latitude of the Port of Praya
fifteen Degrees North, and the Longitude twenty-
three Degrees thirty Minutes from London n ; but
Dampier makes the Latitude fourteen Degrees
fifty Minutes North, and the Longitude Weft from
London twenty-four Degrees forty-feven Minutes0.
The firft feems to be mofl exact, and differs but
fifty-five Minutes in Longitude from our Chart ;
whereas Dampier’ s Computation exceeds it two
Degrees ten Minutes.
When Sir Anthony Sherley was here in 1596,
it was a very pretty Town, with a fmall Fort
mounting fix or eight Cannon p. At prefent it
is but a poor Place.
In 1713, Beeckman found their Churches
meanly adorned, and as meanly built, not much
exceeding Country Barns in England : Their
4 See Beeckman' s Voyage to Borneo , p. 14, & feq. b Dampier’ s Voyages, vol. 3. p. 23. c Ibid.
p. 21. d Ibid. p. 22. e Doctor Fryar obferves, that at his going on Shore, the Natives among
other Things brought green Jackanapes to be fold at the Price of a clean Rag, or a Bunch of Ribands. See
his Travels, p. 6. f Philips's Voyage to Guinea , Sec. p. 187, id feq. & Ovington s Voyage to
Surat, p. 41. h Obfervations on feveral Voyages to India , p. 6, id feq. * Voyage to Borneo,
p. 13, k Ovington, ubi fupra. 1 See before, p. 573. b. m Havjkins's Voyage to the
South-Sea, p. 27. 11 Beeckman s Voyage to Borneo, p. II. 0 Dampier s Voyages, vol. \..p. 3.
p Sherley' s Voyage in Hakluyt , vol. 3. p. 599.
floufes
Description of the Cape d e Verde Islands.
St.Jago. Houfes were very ordinary, Scattered here and a each Shore; and about a Mile from the Bottom
— v there. The fame Author obferves, that here was
u Strtngtb. ^ Rema*ms of an old decayed Caftle, very little
of which was Handing befides the Wall, where¬
on were planted feven or eight old Iron Guns
without Carriages, which were of no Defence,
but ferved only for Salutes4. Philips tells us, that
the Garifon Soldiers at Pray a, in 1699, looked
half ftarved. The commanding Officer was an
old Flemming , and lived in an old Houfe, and
of the Bay, there is a large Cocoa-Nut Walk
near the Water-Side. The Trade -Winds blow
between North North- Eaft, and Eaft: North-
Eaft ; the Night is calm, and you have a fmall
Land-Breeze in the Morning c. Barbot fays, the
Bay is large enough for an hundred Ships to ride
fafe at Anchor, in fourteen Fathom, behind the
fmall Ifland h.
This is called corruptly Prior Bay by fome
paid great Submiffion to the Deputy Governor of b of our Voyagers, as Dampier and Cornwall: And
St. JagOj though but twenty, becaufe a Portu- Sir John Narborough gives the Place the Name
gueze \ Manoel Perades before-mentioned fack- of Pryam, if it be not a Miftake of the Printer,
ed this Town as well as St. Jago in 1582 c ; Drake Captain PHILIPS was di reded for Water
burnt it three Years after d, and S her ley took it in to a large Hole in the Cocoa-Nut Orchard
near
lay of
’raya
Koad not
defended.
Mtfl Riding,
1596 c. It fell a Prey to the French with the reft
of the Ifle, in 1712.
Sir JOHN NARBOROUH , who was at
Porto Pray a in 1669, fays, it is no Port, but a
fine round Bay, with high fteep Cliffs on the
Eaft-Side; and in the Bottom a fteep Hill, where c
the Caftle was, that had but four Guns, and was
of no Force. There was a fmall Fort on the
Top of a Hill on the Eaft-Side, which had three
Guns. On the North -Weft Part of the Bay
the Shore is gi avelly and fandy, and there is a
Grove of Cocoa-Nut Trees: A frefh Water
River runs down into the Valley, and thence
through the Sand foaks into the Sea : This Wa¬
ter is in great Quantity, very good, and keeps
well at Sea. To the Weft Part of this Bay lies <
an Ifland clofe on the Shore, which has Grafs
upon it, which Sir John caufed to be cut off for
Cattle.
The Road is no fafe Guard for Shipping, for
a Man of War may take any Ship out of the
Bay, without receiving the leaft Damage from
the Forts afhore ; and with Fire-Ships a whole
Fleet may be fpoiled at Pleafure, for there is a
frefh Gale every Day, and but two Points of
Land, by which a Man may fetch into the Bay,
elfe it lies open to the Sea from the Eaft Souther¬
ly, to the Weft South -Weft f.
Captain PHILIPS found the Soundings
in Porto Praya from ten to feven Fathom in clean
Sand, where he anchored between the Starboard
Shore, and the little Ifland on the Larboard or
Weft Shore going-in ; which, when at Anchor,
bore due Weft of him ; the fteep Point over a-
gainft it North-Eaft ; the Fort and Church on
the Top of the Hill North -Weft by Weft. He
rode fomething more than a Cable’s Length from
the Sea, which, he was told, ufed to be full of
Water ; but he found none, and was forced to
fill his Cafk at a Well, three good Cables Length
diftant from the Sea, over fharp rockv Fragments.
It was about a Foot deep to the Water. They
handed it up in Buckets, which made it thick,
and fit only for boiling Provifions *.
DAMPIER calls this a good Port, and fays,
that in peaceable Times efpecially it is feldom^8^ *
without Ships ; which, for a long Time, have
been wont to touch here for W ater and Refrefh-
ments, as thofe outward bound to the Eajl Indies ,
Englifb , French , and Dutch ; many of the Ships
bound to the Coaft of Guinea-, the Dutch to <$'«-
rinam , and their own Portuguese Fleet going for
Brafil , which is generally about the latter End
of September : But few Ships call in here in their
Return for Europe k.
BEECKMAN informs us, that about a Mile®1"^’11
Eaftward of the Port, is another Bay fo mu cl/" lt'
like this, that without the following Inftru&ions,
one may be miftaken, as Beeckman was, though
his Mate and others had been there before ; but it
is not by much fo good a Road. In the former
Bay you have the Ifland of Mayo open off the
» Eaft Point of the Bay, which in the Port of
Praya is for fome Time Ihut-in before you run
high enough into the Bay to anchor ; and you
have the Top of the Ifland of Fuogo over the
Weft Point of the Bay when you are in the Port '.
This feems to be Porto Portale mentioned by Ro¬
berts™. Beeckman , while at Praya, caught with
Nets and Hooks a great Quantity of Fifh ; as.
Mullets, Breams, large Craw- Fifh, and a Filll
called a Soldier ; being of a Blood-red Colour,
f having Scales as large as half a Crown, in Si .ape
like a Carp, and fome weighing eighty Pounds.
* Beeckman , ttbi /up
ubi fupra, p. 27
.r«, p. 12, IA feq. b Philips's Voyage to Guinea, Sec. p. 184.
d Drake's Voyage, ubi fupra, p. 130. e JuPa> P-599-
--- ■■ ~ g See Philips s Voyage to Guinea, &c
Hawkins,
f Nar-
183.
borouvb's Voyage to the Streights of Magellan, p 74®* " - , -> , r‘ ~ j 'hn/t
He has given a large Draught of this Bay. Cornwall has given ano trier, ut not o goo . a, ct s
Defcription of Guinea, p. 538. 1 Philips, ibid. p. 183. s 7 •
and vol. 3. p. 21. 1 Beeckman' s Voyage to Borneo , p. 1 1. . bee before, p. 648. c
There
St. Jago,
' Trade at
Praya.
Inhabitants.
Stcgarly
Pride.
Great
'Xhieiet,
Description of the C a P
There is alfo Plenty of feveral other Sorts of a
Fifli a.
As to the Trade here, Dampier obferves, in
his Voyage of 1683, that when any Ships arrive,
the Country People bring down their Cattle,
Fowl, and Fruits, which they truck for Shirts,
Drawers, Handkerchiefs, Hats, Waiffcoats, Bree¬
ches ; or, in a Manner, for any Sort of Cloth,
efpecially Linen, for Woollen is not much
effeemed there. They care not to part with their
Bullocks or Cattle of any Sort, but in Exchange b
for Money, or Linen, or fotne other valuable
Commodity b. But when Captain Philips was
here in 1693, no Cattle was to be had without
the Governor of St. Jago's Confent c.
The People of Praya are remarkable for
their Pride and Lazinefs : Their Sloth is fo great,
that although the Bland be of itfelf very plenti¬
ful, they make no Improvements ; and their
Pride fuch, that if you afk a poor forry Fellow
(that has fcarce the Neceilaries of Life) who he c
is, he will immediately reply, that he is nearly
related to fome Nobleman in Portugal: That
himfelf or his fore- fathers were baniUhed thither
on Sufpicion, but very unjuftly ; and to be fure
he is fome Officer, for moll of them are either
Colonels, Captains, or Lieutenants d ; yet thefe
grand Gentlemen can fubmit to wear the caff-off
.Cloaths of Strangers. It was pleafant to fee with
what Pride the PorHtgue ze here would ftrut in
the over-worn Suits of other Men, and even, d
Thread-bare Jackets of Sailors. The common
Wear of the People here as elfewhere is Barra-
fools of India , like Stuff ; and fome thin Stuff is
thrown over their Shoulders. The Women were
very loofe e.
It is no Wonder that fo much Lazinefs fhould
be attended with beggarly Pride and Poverty ;
and as the People are indigent, fo is the Go¬
vernor. Ovington informs us, that a Couple of
Cheefes, twelve Stock-Fifh, and two Dozen of e
poor Jack were kindly received in 1689 by a
commanding Officer there, who was at that Time
unable to fupply their Ship with a Loaf of Bread ;
which made a Sea-Bifcuit as acceptable to the
Inhabitants, as frefh Proviffons after a Storm
would be to Sailors f.
All Navigators, who have been at this Place,
charge the Prayans with ftill a greater Vice than
thofe we have mentioned, and that is, of being
ffrangely addidfed to Pilfering and Thieving, f
Dampier cautions thofe who put in here to have
t d e Verde Is land si
a Care of them, for that if they fee an Oppor- St. Jaga,'
tunity, they will fnatch any thing from you, and
run away with it g. He obferves elfewhere, that
'Thieving h is commoner here than in any Place
elfe where he had been. They will take your
Flat, fays he, at Noon Day, and in the Midft of
Company 5 : Or, as Ovington tells us, one or two
of them will entertain you. in Difcourfe, while
the third takes off your Hat, or fnatches away
the Sword from your Side. He adds, if they
meet a Stranger at a Diftance from any Town,
they feldom fail of ftripping him naked k. Beech-
man obferves, that they are very nimble footed,
as wrell as nimble fingered, for they take what¬
ever they can lay their Hands on, and then truff
to their Heels *.
You find no more Hor.-efty in trading with Rw'fi
them, for Dampier declares, that if you let themCr^‘
have your Goods before you have theirs, you are
fure to lofe them m. Nor are you fure of keep¬
ing fome of their Goods when you have gotten
them. Beeckman mentions a notable Piece of Ro¬
guery practiced by them in felling their Cattle :
They bring them down tied either by the Legs
or Horns with rotten Cords ; and as foon as they
have delivered them, and received the Price in
either Money or Barter, retiring to fome Diftance,
they make a hideous Noife and Whiffling : At
which the Cattle (already fufficiently frightned,
fays the Author, at the Sight of a -white Face)
begin to caper and bound about, until they ei¬
ther break the Rope, or force it out of the Hands
of him who holds it, and immediately run up
into the Mountains from whence they came \
DAMPIER fuppofes them to be Thieves by
Conftitution, inheriting the Vices of their Pre-
decefiors °, who were tranfported. Criminals. It
may alfo be prefumed, that the Corruptnefs of
their Manners receives fome Improvement from
their Converfe with Pirates, by whom we are
told this Port is much frequented p.
SECT. V.
St. Felipe, or Fuego.
The Name , Situation , Surface. Pike or Volcano.
Fiery Eruptions. Streams of Brimjlone. AJhes
and Cinders. Origin of the Volcano. Soil and
Produce. Wine and Cattle. The Inhabitants.
Blacks more numerous. Tenants to the iVhites.
Trade in Cotttn. Slaves and Mules. The Ccajls :
a Beeckman, ubifupra, p. 12. b See Dampier' s Voyages, vol. 1. />. 76. c Philips , ubifupra,
p. 184. d Beeckman , ubi fdpra, p. 1 3. « Ovington s Voyage to Surat, p. 40, feq. * Oving¬
ton, ubi Jupra , p. 41. g Dampier' s Voyages, vol. 3. p. 23. h Alluding to their being Tranf-
ports. 1 Dampier, vol. 4. p. 3, & feq. k Ovington % Voyage to Surat, p.41. * Beeck¬
man' s Voyage to Borneo , p. 14. ra Dampier, ubi fupr a, n Beeckman , ubi Jupra , 0 Dam-
pier, ubifupra. p Beeckman , ubi fupra, p. 1 * .
But
St. Felipe
cr Fueg<i.
Warm,
Situation.
Surface.
Description of the Cape de Verde Islands. 657
But two Roads. Fonte de 'Villa Road. Noftra a The Pike or Volcano (from whence the s^* -Feel,pe'
Singora. Laghate Bay. The Villa , or chief Ifland takes the Name of Fuego) is a very high f uef0‘
Town. A Cajlle. Hill, fituate in the Middle thereof. The Top of
it is raifed above two Stories of the Clouds, which
are ranged each below the other on its Sides L
This Volcano burns continually, Flames of Fire
iffuing out of the Top, which Dumpier fays are
to be difeerned only in the Night, and then may¬
be feen a great Way off at Sea h. Froger fays,
they faw the Flame all Night, and the Smoak
THIS Ifland was difeovered by the Portu¬
guese on the firft of May , being St. Philip
and Jacob's Day ; and as St. Jago took the Name
of one Saint, this Ifland affirmed that of the o-
ther, Mayo receiving its Denomination from the
Month, all three having been difeovered at the
fame Time. However," St. Philip's commonly b by Day *. It is moft horrible to behold, efpeci-
goes by the Name of the Ifland of Fuego, or Fire , ally in the Night, faith Beeckman, what prodi-
beino; fo called by all the Englifo Voyagers, ex- gious Flames and vaff Clouds of Smoak it vomits
czpCRoberts. up continually, which we could perceive after-
As to its Situation, the North-Eaft Point there- wards in a clear Day, though we were above
of lies about fixteen Leagues from the Point of fixty Miles diftant k
Terrafal in St. Jago , which mutually bear Weft
South -Weft, and Eaft North-Eaft. It is in the
Latitude of fifteen Degrees twenty Minutes North,
and Longitude fix Degrees fifty- four Minutes
Weft from the Cape de Verde a.
Captain RO B E RTS obferves, that the
Iflands of St. Philip and St. John being very little,
or not at all ufed by Englijh Shipping, the Sea
Draughts give but a very imperfect Defcription
of them : That theWaggoners and Pilots of thofe
Parts are every whit as much or. more defective,
making them both to be very dangerous, and the
Ifland of St. Philip in particular to have few or
no Inhabitants, and the Roads or anchoring
Places very bad b, which the Author found to be
falfe.
This Ifland is much higher than any of the
Cape de Verde Iflands, and is, as it were, one
continued Mountain up to the Top ; neither can
thofe who fail along it perceive any Valleys, for
it feems to be one Angle Mountain, the Valleys
appearing only as Gutters made by the Waters,
which run off the Hills in the Time of Rains:
But when a Man is afhore, thofe Gutters then ap-
Captain ROBERTS , who was upon the Fiery Ervt*
Spot, declares, that it is almoft incredible what"flfll“
huge Rocks are caft-out, and to what a vaft
Height; theNoife of which in falling again, break¬
ing and rowling down, may very eaiily be heard
eight or nine Leagues off in a ftill Air, as he had
experienced. The Explofion, when they are
blown-up, is like the Report of a great Gun,
or rather Thunder. The fame Author often in
the Night-time faw the Stones rowling down the
Pike all of a Flame ; and the Inhabitants told
him, that they had feen Brimftone ftream downstreams
its Sides like a Torrent of Water, and that fome- Br,mD”e •
times they might gather what Quantity they
pleafed. They likewife gave him feveral Pieces
of it, which he fays was like common Brimftone,
but of a much brighter Colour, and in the burn¬
ing gave a brighter Flame. Roberts adds, that Afhet and
fometimes this Volcano heaves out fuch Quanti- c,r‘dert^
ties of Allies, mixed with Cinders, that they
cover the adjacent Parts, and fmother fome of
their Goats h This Circumftance is confirmed
by other credible Authors. The Writer of Sir
Anthony Sher ley' s Voyage to St. Jago and the Weft
tile Piie , cr
Vticano,
pear to be deep Valleys, and their Banks great e Indies afferts, that one Night a Shower of Allies
■ “ “ from the Hill fell fo thick into the Ships, that
one might have written his Name with his Fin¬
ger on the upper Deck m. And Ovington obferves,
that fuch Quantities of Pumice-Stones are dif-
gorged, that they fwim on the Surface of the
Ocean, and are difperfed by the Currents to
diftant Places ; particularly, that fome floated
as far as St. Jago , and fpread by their Ship’s
Side n.
It muft not be forgotton to be mentioned,
that when this Ifland was firft difeovered, it had
no Pike, nor was there any Burning upon it,
high Mountains
Hence we may account for the Miftake of
Authors, who have only viewed the Ifland at a
Diftance. Froger fays, it is nothing but a great
burning Mountain d ; and Dampier declares, that
it is all one large Mountain of a good Height c.
The chief Mountains in St. Philip’s are the
Pike, which is a Volcano ; and a great high
Mountain which runs along it from South-Eaft
to North - Weft, and is little inferior in Height
to the Pike, being the Limits of the Capiteen
de Mountainhu's Jurifdi£tion f.
a Roberts's Voyage, p. 415. b Ibid. p. 131. c Ibid. p. 417- d Froger' s Voyage
de la Mer du fud \ 1095, p. 57. * Voyage, vol. I. p. 77- 1 Roberts's Voyage, p. 418. g O -vi reg¬
ion's Voyage to Surat, p. 42. h Dumpier s Voyager, vol. I. p. 77- 1 Kroger, ubi fupra , p. 57.
k Beeckman s Voyage to Borneo, p. 10. 1 Roberts's Voyage, p. 41 7* " See Hakluyt's Collec¬
tion, vol. 3. p. 600. n Ovington, ubi fupra,
Vol. I. N° 32, 4 P ' , tlic
Description of the C ap e de Verde Islands.
the Pike growing but fince the Fire broke out ; a The Land is all taken-up at prefent, only St. Felipe,
and by Report of the ancient People, hath fenfi- about the Pike, and that great high Mountain
bly increafed within their Times3. before-mentioned, which runs obliquely acrofsthe
For the Original of this Volcano, the Inha- Ifland. The Portugueze , who firft inhabited it,
bitants of St. Philip's have a Tradition not at all brought Negro-Slaves with them, and a Stock
favourable to their Priefts, yet firmly believed by of Cows, Horfes, Affes, and Hogs ; the King
them. They fay, that the firft Dwellers upon placing Goats there, which run wild on the
this Ifland were two Friars, who chofe to be put Mountains, (particularly the faid great one:)
here to pafs the Remainder of their Days in a The Profit of the Skins being referved to the
folitary Life. Whether thefe two Friars were Crown, and he that hath the Management of
Mineralifts, Metalifts, or Alchymifts, Roberts b them, is called Captain of the Mountains , none
cannot tell ; but the Story goes they were Con- daring to kill any of them, but by his Licence f.
jurers. Whatever they were, they found a Gold This Ifland having been very little frequented Inhabitant^
Mine, and there took-up their Abode ; and after by foreign Ships, Authors have commonly repre-
they had gotten as much of that precious Metal as fented it as uninhabited. One Inftance has been
they thought fufficient, they concluded to put an already produced from Roberts’s Account ; in
End to an hermitic Life, and take the firft Op- particular Froger fays, the Portugueze have often
portunity of a Ship to Europe : But one of them, attempted in vain to fettle it; but that they have
who fuppofed himfelf theMafter, requiring more been hindered by the great Quantities of Rocks
than half to his Share, the Conteft grew fo high, and Afhes thrown out by the Volcano g. Datn-
that they fell to conjuring to do one another a c pier remarks only, that this Ifland is of little
Mifchief ; and conjured fo long, that they fet all Note, yet not without Inhabitants; who, he
the Ifland in a Flame, wherein they both perifti- fays, live at the Foot of the Mountain near the
ed. After this, the Fire went out, except where Sea h. On the contrary, it is reckoned to con-
the Pike now ftands, which has continued to burn tain, at leaft, three or four hundred Souls l. Cap-
and caft-up Stones ever fince b. tain Roberts tells us,, that this Ifland lay uninha-
Captain ROBERTS is almoft the only bited for a great many Yeats after it was dif-
Author that the Reader is to expe£t any Account covered, till the King of Portugal (fometime af-
from, relating to either the Geography, the civil ter the Fire had been extinguilhed every-where,
or natural Hiftory of St. Philip’s. Confidering but at the Pike) granted to his Subjects, who
that this Ifland hath no running Brooks, and d were willing to fettle there, all the Land that
that frefli Water is to be had but in a very few they fhould improve, to them and their Heirs for
Places ; (infomuch, that the Inhabitants are forced, ever k. Several accordingly went over and fettled
in fome Parts, to go fix or feven Miles to fetch themfelves : But as the Cuftom of St. Jago is Blacks mn
it) yet it is very fertile c for Pompion, Water- in Ufe here to free Blacks at their Deaths, they wmer<w.
Melon, Fefhoon, and Maiz ; but for want of at prefent exceed the Whites an hundred to one.
Water, or low Valliesd, produces no Banana’s, It is probable alfo, that fome manumitted Blacks
Plantains, or hardly any Tree-Fruits, fave wild from St. fago might have fettled here ; and that,
Figs. when Trade decayed, fome of the Portugueze
They have fome few Guava -Trees planted might have left this Ifland, as they had done at
in fome of their Gardens : Alfo a Crab-Orange e the other l.
and Lemon ; likewife Lime, and a Sort of Crab- The free Blacks, for the moft Part, are Te- Whites tbs
Apple : But they have here and there fome good nants to the Whites, who have taken-up moft Landlord s.
Vineyards, whereof they make little Quantities of the Land, efpecially near, the Sea ; fome
of an indifferent good fmall Wine e ; but they Whites having thirty or forty Slaves, and fome
generally drink it all before it clears, or has done of the free Blacks have Slaves, whom they pur-
fermenting. chafe for Cotton-Cloths, which pafs there in the
8 Roberts, ubifupra, p.416. b Ibid, p.416. c Dumpier fays, the Subftance of the Inhabitants is
much the fame as in the other Illands ; and that he was informed, they had fome Goats, Fowls, Plantains,
Cocoa-Nuts, &c. See his Voyages, vol. 1. p. 77. But Roberts exprelly denies, that it produces the Plantain,
and does not mention the Cocoa -Tree. d Yet before he fays, there are deep Valleys, which gives Room
so fuppofe, that by deep Valleys the Author only means, what they call in Jamaica, dry Gullies, to fignify Gul¬
lies that have not been made by the Running of Water. e Barbot fays, that Bra<va and Fogo afford the
beft Wine. See his Defcription of Guinea, p. 538. f See Roberts' % Voyage, />. 417, is feq. ? Voyage
de la Mer du fud, p. 58. h DampicF s Voyages, vol. 1. p. 77. 1 A Negro told Captain Roberts ,
that about the Year 1700, St. John’s had about an hundred Inhabitants ; and that St. Philip's had three or four
Times that Number. See his Voyage, p. 137. But as Roberts makes the Number of the People of St. John’s
above two hundred, that of St. Philip's by the fame Proportion mull amount to. fix or eight hundred. k Ro¬
bert s' % Voyage, p. 415, and 418. * Ibid, p.418,
s
Room
Description of the C ap e de Verde Islands. 659
St. Fel'pe, Room of Money, (as Tobacco was formerly a They have a great Defire to trade with the St- Felipe,
|«fFuego. wholly, and now partly in Virginia and Mary- Englijh, and would referve their Commodities
land ) a Cloth being valued, and palling current for them; faying, that notwithftanding the Pro- ‘
among them, for one thoufand Reas a. hibition above-mentioned, yet they would fell
Most of the Inhabitants of St. Philip's are of their Cotton-Cloth to them, in cafe they would
the Romijh Religion; fome Pagan Superftitions trade thither.
being mixed with the Popilh by the Mountaineer The chief and only Man for Trade, when
Blacks. Roberts was here, was Captain Thomas Santee ;
They have a ftfong Averfion to Pirates, ha- but there was not one on the Ifland, who could
ving been plundered by one about thirty Years either fpeak or underftand Englijh e.
before b. b This Ifland is clean on the North-Weft, Coafit.
C stun- Trade. The Natives formerly planted Cotton in A- Weft, and South Parts ; but on the South -Eaft,
bundance ; and this was the greateft Mart for
Cotton- Cloths of any of the Cape de Verde Iflands:
Here alfo the Portuguese European Ships ufed to
trade for Cargoes of Barrafools for Guinea ; but,
by the laft Drought, all their Cotton-Shrubs, in
a manner, were dried up ; fo that what was be¬
fore the chief Product of their Ifland, is now a
good Commodity to carry there. On account
Eaft, and North-Eaft Parts is rocky ; although
thefe Rocks do not lie above a Mile from the
Shore, neither do they ftand thick, but only here
and there one, fome above and fome under Wa¬
ter, excepting one Rock, which lieth about four
Miles off from the North End of the Ifland,
having (as Roberts was informed) twelve or four¬
teen Foot Water on it. He had feen the Sea
of this Scarcity of Cotton here, and at St. Jago , c break over it, when it blew hard, but not elfe.
It is not large ; and the Sea is clean all round
it.
St. PHILIP’s hath not many Places to an- But tut
chor at, and but two where a Ship can ride ; for Roods.
excepting at the Villa La Ghate , and two or
three other Places, the whole Coaft is fuch fteep,
high, rocky Cliffs, that there is no getting up to
it f. The Writer of Sir A. Shirley’ s Voyage
the European Portuguese underftand ing that the
French Ships, which traded there formerly, ufed
to buy thofe Cloths ; as did likewife the French
and Englijh at St. Jago ; they procured an Or¬
der, that no Perfon on either of thofe Iflands
fhould, under a Penalty, fell Cloth to any but
Subjects of Portugal ; which Order is ftridlly ob-
ferved by the Officers of the Cuftoms at St. Jago ,
though not much minded at St. Philip’s , by reafon fays, Fuego is a very fmall Ifland, invincible, by
there are no Duties paid at this Ifland, and con- d Nature, being high-cliffed round about ; and
fequently no Cuftom-houfe or Office c. that, not without Difficulty, they at length
Slave-Trade. S i n c e the Trade of Cotton-Cloths failed, found a fmall Path (or Opening) where they
they have fold a great many Slaves to the Portu- landed their Men with extream Difficulty g.
guese Ships trading thither : But they are endea- Captain ROBERTS failing from the Fa¬
vouring to revive this Branch again, by planting urno,\n St. John’s, got over to St. Philip’s, falling
Cotton ; though, for Want of a Sufficiency of to the Windward of the Villa h, and ran down
Rain, it does not thrive fo well as it ufed to do. till he came to Fonte de Villa , a fandy Bay ; thence
Mule-Trade. They had alfo formerly a pretty good Trade proceeding along Shore, he doubled the Point of
with the French , for Mules ; h good Number of 'T m 1 1" u ' * 1 1
which they bred, and fold cheap; but the dry
Seafon deftroyed them aljnoft all : So that they
told Captain Roberts , that fix Years before, there
were but two Mules on the Ifland. However,
they have lately began to breed them again, and
'Nojfa Singora, another fandy Bay ; and anchored
e a little to the Northward of the Church. Here
Singore Capiteen Thome Santee (before-mentioned)
came down with the Horfe of the Ifland, by Or¬
der of the Governor, who was alarmed at the
Author’s Arrival *. A little lower down he ran
mightily wifh fome European Ships would come his Boat into the Bay of Laghate. Thefe arc
and trade for them : But whether it be, that the all the Places Captain Roberts touched at in St.
French have found a better Market, or that their Philip’s
Iflands in the FVeJl Indies do not require Mules
now fo much as formerly ; or that they do not
as yet know that they can be fupplied as heretofore,
is uncertain : But fince the Ifland failed of Mules,
there have been no French Ship there to trade d.
The moft noted Road is Fonte de Villa , which Forte <?e
is right againft the Town k, and is fandy, except Vilia Ro9*'
f when a ftrong North Wind blows, which often
fweeps away the Sand, and leaves the Rocks at
Bottom bare : This happens about November ,
1 Robert's, Voyages, p. 419. b Ibid. p. 295. c Ibid. p. 418, feq. d Ibid. p. 419.
IA feq. * Ibid. p. 420, & feq. 1 Ibid. p. 420. 8 See Hakluyt , vol. 3. />. 600.
h This we fuppofe to be the chief Town, which, p. 422, he calls the Villa of St. Philip, where the Governor
refides, and the Town to which Fonte de Villa is the Port. 1 Roberts's \ oyages, p. 394, feq. k 1 his
we take to be the Villa of St. Philip before-mentioned.
4P2
December ,
660 Description of the Cap
St. Felipe. December, and ‘January , and then it is not fo fafe
cr i-'.iep.o. jjjjng as about the Tandy Point of Noffa Singora ,
which is to the Southward of the Town; to the
Southward of which, on the Cliff, ftands the
Church of Noffa Singora : From whence the Bay
and Point took their Name a. This Church ap¬
pears fomewhat like a Barn : The Outfide of the
Walls were feemingly as white as if they had
t>een juft white-wafhed ; and the Roof was co¬
vered with red Pantiles, as are alfo Tome of the
Houfes of the Villa b.
NoiFaSin- At the Noffa Singore Point, there is good Ri-
goie R.ja. (];ng with a Northerly Wind; and better, when
the true North-Eaft, or North-Eaft by North
Trade-Winds blow, being clean and Tandy at
Bottom, except when a Southerly Wind blows
ftrong ; or fometimes by a Southerly Sea, which
now and then runs here in the Months of June ,
July, AuguJl , and September , when thefe Winds
do not reach home to the Illand ; although our
Author believes they blow in the Offing , and clear
the Sand from the Bottom of the Rocks, as the
Northerly Wind and Sea do at Fonte de Villa c.
One may anchor in both thefe Roads, from
fourteen to ten Fathom Water, in clean Tandy
Ground, except in the Cafes before-mentioned.
More Southerly there is a little Tandy Bay, about
a fmall Point of low, broken Rocks d ; and right
againft a Gully made by the Water, running
down in the Time of the Rains. Here is fmooth
Riding, as well as Landing, the Surf running but
little: Befides, you haveWater pretty near, which
you have not at the other two Places; where
alfo theSea generally runs with a great Swell on the
Shore. You muft anchor right off the Gully,
having it fair open ; for if you fhut it either to
the Northward or Southward, and anchor fo, you
will have foul Ground ; neither is there room for
above two Ships to anchor there at once
S.agfcate This Place we take to be Laghate , as well
Bay. from Circumftances as the Account given there¬
of elfewhere by Roberts , who fays it is a little
Tandy Bay, where one may put a Boat to the
Beach and wade afhore ; on which little or no
Surf runs, the Sea being very fmooth. To the
Windward lies a little Point of Rocks, which
made the Bay very fmooth, the Trade-Wind
very feldom reaching down fofar; it being moft-
ly calm, except from about four injhe Afternoon,
e de Verde Islands.
a little fooner or later ; at which Time it would St. Felipe,
blow a faint Southerly or South-Weft Breeze, till or Fueg0-
fix or feven at Night, and then fall calm again, '
till about one or two in the Morning; when a
light Breeze would rife, or Air of Southerly
Wind ; but without ever affecting the Sea f.
Most of the Whites, with the Governor, 7ie v*ll3,
live in the Villa-, though mod of them have their^"^
Country- Houfes abroad in the Country, on that
Part of their Eftates which they keep in their
b own Hands, and manage by their Slaves, which
fupplies them with Food ; and the Rents of thofe
Plantations, which they let to the Blacks, are
commonly paid in Cotton-Cloths: And fince
their Cotton-Shrubs were dried-up, and for the
moft Part perifhed, the Owners were forced to
fill thofe Plantations with Hogs, Fowls, or what
other Animals the Blacks could raife g.
The Governor of St. Philip’s was a Portu -
gueze, and formerly had been Governor (or as
c they call him Captain More ) of a Fort or Facto¬
ry belonging to the King of Portugal , on the
Coaft of Guinea h.
Captain RO B E RTS gives nodiftin& Ac¬
count of this Villa, or Town (near the Bay of Fonte
de Villa) its Situation or Name1; and though in his
Voyage, he fays there is a Fortification on the
Bland k, yet he mentions none in his Defcription.
It is probable however, that this Place is the
fame, Dapper takes Notice of in his Defcription
d of Africa , where it is faid, that on the Weft
Side of the Bland, there is a Road, with a Caftle^Ca/i,
adjoining, built at the Foot of a Mountain ; but
that the Haven is not convenient, by reafon
of the ftrong Current before it : That thofe who
fail out of the Eaft for this Harbour, muft make
to the Northward about the Country, or they will
fcarce fetch it ; for that not only the Wind
blows very hard, but the Ground is deep and runs
down Hoping ; fo that none can be had but un-
e der the Caftle *.
The Bland of St. Philip, or Fuego , was ta¬
ken by Sir Anthony Sherley, in September , 1596,
who was a good while finding a proper Place to
put- in at, and then could not land his Men
without extream Difficulty. The Author of the
Voyage obferves, that befides Water, they got
nothing elfe here but Infe&ion m.
a Roberts' s Voyages, p. 421. b Ibid. p. 294. c Ibid. p. 421. d This feems, from
the Author’s Courfe along the Coaft bef. re-related, and other Circumftances, to be the fame Bay with Laghate ,
mentioned a little above ; although the Author (who is not the moft accurate) by omitting the Name here,
gives Room to imagine it to be a different Place. e Idem , ibid. { Roberts's Voyages, p. 295,
tff feq. g Ibid. p. 421, & feq. h Ibid. p. 295. ‘ In his Defcription of St. John's , he
calls it the Villa of St. Philip. k P. 388. See alfo before, p. 6 31.fi 1 See Dapper's Defcrip¬
tion of Africa, tranilated by Ogleby , p. 729. ™ See Hakluyt , vol. 3. p. 600,
S E C To
San Juan.,
»r Brava.
Situation.
Soil and
Produce.
Cattle'.
Description of the
SECT. VI.
The IJland of San Juan ; or, Brava.
I.
Its Situation. Soil and Produce. Cattle. Gcat-
Hunting. The Cattle very lean. Saltpeter. Nitre.
JWetqls. Ores. Gilded Rocks. Gold Aline. Fijb.
Salt-making Rocks. How they cure Fijh. Whales
or Grampujfes. Ambergreafe. Number of In¬
habitants. Their Good-nature : Humanity : Diet:
Bread. Their Ingenuity in fplitting Timber . b
Cape de Verde Islands.
a not unlike the mungrel Greyhounds in England ,
but fhorter legged, and clumber, with large flap¬
ping Ears.
After the Chace, they meet all -together,
and the Governor parts fome of the Venifon a-
mong them as he pleafes, fending home the reft ;
which he afterwards diftributes among the Old
and Neceflitous; as alfo fome of the Skins,
66 1
San Juan>
or Brava.
re-
- - - “ 7
ferving the Remainder for the Lord of the Soil.
The Author fays, they had a Report among
them, that the King of Portugal had lately given
their Ifland to one of the Ladies of his Court.
OAN JUAN’s, or St. John's, is fituate in the However that was, moft of the He-goat Skins
Latitude of fifteen Degrees, twenty-five Mi- were laid by for her in a Cafa de Fazendo, cr
nutes North ; and Longimde feven Degrees, two Warehoufe bu.lt for the Purpofe (as they mform-
Minutes Weft, from CJpe deVerde-, and th t Villa ed him) ever fince the P.rtugu.Z' firft brought
of Sr. Philip lies Eaft from Fuurm, about fix them hither, where rhey have lam fo long, that,
Leagues. It fs alfo called Brava, which fignifics he obferved, many were reduced to Duft. When
Md, pei haps becaufe it continued fo long unin- the Governor hunts privately, or fends Ins Ser-
C»at-Hunt
ing.
habited .
This Ifland is very high Land, the Mountains
rifing one above another, like Pyramids’5 ; yet be¬
ing fo near the Ifland of St. Philip , it feems, in
Comparifon of that, to be but low c. It is fer¬
tile for Pompion, Water-Melons, Potatoes, Ba¬
nanas, Maiz, and Fefhoon, as any of the
Cape de Verdes ; as likevvife for Cows, Horfes,
Afies and Hogs d.
FRANKLIN told the Author, that the whole
Ifland was a barren Rock, having only a few
Clefts of Valleys fpread with a thin Cruft of
Earth, where Bananas, Pompions, and Potatoes
grew pretty well : That they had Plenty of Fe-
fhoons and wild Figs, which ferved them as
Food c : That there grew a pretty many Papays ;
and thofe who planted had Maiz enough ; but
that they were very lazy, which kept them very
poor : That fome of the Inhabitants had Cows,
Horfes, Afies and Hogs ; of which Jaft efpecially
they had moft Plenty, becaufe they feldom ufed
any, except at their public Feafts: And that there e
had been a confiderable Number of wild Goats;
but moft of them were deftroyed f.
The Privilege of killing thefe is entirely re -
ferved to the Gcvernor s. This was done to pre¬
vent the Breed from being deftroyed. None are
allowed to keep Hunting- Dogs here but the Cauf-
fadors , who are licenfed by the Governor \
When the Governor has a mind to make a
general Hunt, all the Iflanders are fummoned,
and all the Hunting-Dogs are got^ together : f
Thefe are between a Beagle and a Greyhound,
the Governor hunts privately, or fends his
vants out, he difpofes of all the Venifon and
Skins as he thinks proper: And this is the princi¬
pal Privilege or Advantage which he has *.
The Flefti of thefe Goats, as well as the other 77* Cattle
Cattle of St. John's , is very lean ; for the Au- WT3 lea”'
t'nor wanting Tallow to pay the Seams of his
Boat, the Governor (who encouraged the Work)
caufed a general Hunt to be made, in order to
fupply him therewith. On this Occafion forty
Goats were killed, which however (it being a bad
Seafon) yielded only four or five Pound of Tal¬
low, and above half that was Skin : Nay, the
fatteft Cow the Governor had, which was good
fpending Meat, furnifhed no more k.
St. JOHN's abounds moft with Saltpeter, Saltpeter.
of any of the Cape de Verde Iflands ; and the
Governor offered to engage to procure Roberts a
Cargo fufficient to load with it, a bigger Sloop than
that he loft there (which was of fixty Tons :)
It grows in feveral earthy Caves there ; covering
all the Infide like a thick hoar Froft, and in fome
, Places like Icicles: Alfo in fome hollow Rocks,
' and rocky Caves, they hang in Strias as thick as
a Man’s Thumb.
The fame Author tried feveral of the Earths Nitre.
of that Ifland, and extra&ed out of fome
of Nitre, out of others from to f-.
found moft of the Rocks abounded with that Mi¬
neral, and fuppofes they were cemented by Nitre,
as a Gluten, for in the rainy Seafon they crum¬
bled 1 into Duft, the moift Air diffolving the Salt m.
ROBERTS is of Opinion, that this Ifland
abounds with Copper, and perhaps, with finer
T»>
He
a Roberts's Voyages 4-22, & fee. b See before, p. 622. a. c Roberts's Voyage,/-. 428. d Kid.
Kob.r,. s ’ du js Maiz. Millet, Water-Melons, Figs, Mulberries and feveral other Fruity
¥ L,rn\ Voyages, p.i 95, fe? fif. * Dafftr fays the Property of the Goats (which art t but few) belongs
to the Governor of St. Jago. h Roberts' s Voyages, p. 204, f AW- nf tie Rocks in the
k Ibid. p. 286. 1 Mr. Roberts, in his Voyage, takes Nonce of this friable Quality of ike Rocks m the
Pay -time. See before, p. 622. “ Roberts's Voyage, />. 428, Metals-
2 *
662
San Juan,
or Brava.
Metals
Description of the C ap e de Verde Islands.
for which he gives his Reafons : He ob- a not in fuch Quantity, though altogether as glit- San Juan,
ferves, that there are feveral acid Fountains, tering, and of a golden Afpedt d
wanting not much, perhaps, of the Acidnefs of St. JOHN’s abounds with Fifti, efpecially f^jh.
undephlegmated Oil of Vitro), which he tried by about the little Iflands ; where alfo fome Tortoife
putting a clean Knife into them ; and in about half refort at the Seafon of laying their Eggs : But
a Minute it would be all over covered with Cop- they are not much regarded for Food here any
per, nearly of a Gold Colour, very thick, and by more than at St. Philip’s , or St. Jago, and yet
letting it ftand a while longer, when dry, itfcra- at all the other Iflands they are accounted their
ped off* in Scales or Powder; and where any moft delicious Food ; as Roberts fays indeed they
Scratch, or the like, was in the Knife, it would are e. Mr. Franklin f likewife informed him,
he as if it had been enamelled, £sV. Some of b that Angling was the chief Employment of the
thofe Waters will much fooner copper aKnife over Natives; that for this Reafon they miffed no Op-
or Brava.
the Acidity diminifhes propor-
Diftance from the Fountain-
on
of the Ifland, he perceived a Rock,
a Diftance, gliftered in the Sun like
than others ; and
tionably to their
Head a.
Ore), There are feveral very heavy Sands and
Earth ; fome are of a bluifti Black, others of a
purplifh ; fome of a bright, others of a dark
reddifh Colour ; fome exceed Iron in Weight,
falling but little Short of Lead.
Gi!«ttfRockt. On'e Time fcrambling up the Rocks on the
South Side
which, at
burniffied Gold ; and near to it looked as if it
was all thick gilt. He rubbed his Hand againft
it, but nothing came off ; and when he fcraped
it with his Knife, found it fo thin, that he could
colleft fcarce any of it. He obferved the Rock
Underneath appeared of a blackifh Colour; and
that it was gilt only where the Water run down
from the Mountains when it rained b.
Sold Mine. Espying another Rock which gliffered with
golden Spangles, he went, and found it full of
gold Fibres, fome as fine as Hairs, and others as
thick as an ordinary Needle. With his Knife he
picked out near a Dram Weight, which was folid
Gold, as far as he could perceive by the Eye. He
got one little Bit, like a fmall flatted Wire, a-
bout half an Inch long, by cutting and raifing
the End up. Not being able to get any more out
of the Rock, the Vein running deeper in, he was
forced to break it off, by bending it backwards
and forwards three or four Times ; and breaking
his Knife with the Experiment, he defifted, and
came down again to his Black Mates, without
taking Notice to them of what he had feen.
However, a little before he left the Ifland, he
told the Governor of it, but avoided going to
fhew it him; and as it never was obferved by any
of the Natives, he queftions whether they ever
found it c. Here one meets with the Beur d’Orre ,
mentioned in the Defcription of St. Jago> but
portunitie3 of Wrecks, or when Ships touched
there, to procure and fave all the Bits of Iron,
Wire, and the like, they could meet with ; and
that there was an old Man, a Native of St. Phi -
lip’s , upon this Ifland, who had a Hammer and
three or four Files, with which and the Help of
Charcoal, made of the wild Fig-tree, he could
bungle up a Filh-Hook out of an old Nail; for
: which, in Exchange, he had another Nail, and
a Prefent of Fifh, from fuch as wanted it. He
added, that the Fifli were fo eager, that a crook¬
ed Nail would take them g.
It is remarkable, that almoft all the Fifh
thereabout, have large and fharp Teeth, rather
like ravenous Land-Animals, than the Fifh on
the Coaft of England ; fo that the Inhabitants
take Care to hook them in the Mouth, to pre¬
vent their cutting their Lines h, as they do in
1 cafe they fwallow their Hook : Their Baits are
Crabs, Limpets, or any other Rock Shell-Fifh ;
and when they catch a Fifh, they make Bait of
that ; but Crab is the fureff *.
As Captain Roberts went often out upon this Sale, making
Sport, he had an Opportunity of feeing how the^».
Natives got their Salt ; which he obferved was
made by the Heat of the Sun, on the Sea-
Water lying in Holes among the Rocks ; fome
thrown up by the Spray ; others filled at High-
Water, which, if not too deep, would be
all turned to Salt before the next Tide. He had
feen it even two Foot thick of Salt, and to the
Quantity of four Bufhels, in a Cavity not above
five or fix Yards fquare.
Upon this Occafion the fame Author fays,
that he is apt to think there is a certain Quality
in fome Rocks that helps, and in others that hin¬
ders the Salt’s kerning ; For in fome he had feen,
after the Water was exhaled, nothing but a Sedi¬
ment left, like that of muddy Water, ibut very
fait ; and fometimes a thin Cruft lying on the
a Roberts' s Voyages, p. 428, & feq. b Ibid. p. 429, kdffeq. c Ibid. p. 430. d Ibid.
P- 444 c Mid. p. 431. f This Franklin , whoever he was, feems to have been a curious Man,
for he told the Author he had made feveral Refearches into the Nature of Metals and Minerals, and, in trading
to Guinea , had made exadt Experiments on the Mineral Earths, Stones, Sands, &c. Of all which he had Me¬
morandums in Writing. See alfo before, p. 620. d. s Ibid. p. 195, dff feq. h Their Angling-Rod is
a wild Cane, with a Cotton Line, twitted very ftrong, and an old bent Nail fora Hook, * Ibid. p. 261.
Sediment.
Description of the C
Sin Join, Sediment, like Cream of Tartar, but extream
or Brava. pa]tj ancj {hong even to a Corrofivenefs ; whereas
^ other Rocks (hall yield one third or a fourth Part
of Salt, in Proportion to the Quantity of Water
contained in thofe Hollows.
How they The Natives ufed to get the Salt firft ; and in
■ure F'jb. the Evening, gut, fplit, and fait what Fifh they
caught, and let them lie in the Salt in Heaps all
Night, in the Morning fpreading them in the
Sun to dry, and they were ready to drefs when¬
ever they wanted, which was feldom oftner than
once a Day, towards Night when they had done
fifning. At the mod ufual filhing Places, they
generally leave an Earthern Pot, for they chufe to
boil their Fifh for the Sake of the Broth, which
they efteem far beyond any made of Flefh a.
| ivbaleor The Baaleas , which is a Sort of Whale or
prompt. Grampus, come at the ufual Times of their Coot-
ing to the Ifle of Mayo , to St. Jago more,
and moil of all to St. 'John s. Mr. Roberts has
feen a Male and Female play three Days fuccef-
fively in the Fuurno Harbour. Conftantly every
- Night they went-out to Sea, and came-in again
about eight or nine the next Morning. They
would lie and deep an Hour or two together in
the Water like the Hull of a Ship turned Bottom-
up ; at which Time it would be eafy to (trike a
Harpoon into either, or both of them : He adds,
that the Male is not above half the Bignefs of the
Female. Thefe Baaleas are very common alfo
on the Coaft of Brafil , where they are caught
much after the Manner of the Greenland Whales,
and Train-Oil made of them.
flmbergreofe, Some of thofe People do confidently affirm,
that the Ambergreafe is the Sperm of that Fifh,
fhed in the Water at the Time of their Cooting :
That at firft it is like a Jelly, and whitifh, but
gradually acquires its dark Colour and Hardnefs
by floating on the Water: Likewife, that the
Virgin, or firft Sperm evacuated, is white and
tranfparent, and congeals white. Mr. Roberts
has feen of that white Ambergreafe, but knows
not whether it owed either its Whitenefs or Ori¬
gin to the Caufes affigned b.
Formerly a great deal of Ambergreafe was
found about this Bland, but very little at prefent.
Roberts was told, that about thirty Years before,
one Juan Carneira , a Portuguese , who was ba-
pe de Verde Islands. 663
nifhed from Lisbon for fome Crime, having gotten San Juan,
a little Sloop, or Shallop, traded among thefe, Grava ‘ f
Iflands, and lighted on a Piece of Ambergreafe
of almoft an incredible Bignefs: With which he
not only procured his Liberty to return before
the Term for his Exile was expired, but pur-
chafed a plentiful Eftate, and that the Rock, (be¬
tween the two Iflands) near to which he found
it, is at prefent called by his Name c.
With refpedl to the Inhabitants, Captain Inhabitants.
Roberts tells us, their Number did not amount to
two hundred Souls d. The Natives are all Blacks,
and the mod innocent and harmlefs, as well as
ignorant and fuperftitious, of all the Blands e.
In another Place the fame Author fpeaks high¬
ly in Praife of their moral Virtues, efpecially their
Charity, Humility, and Hofpitality, in which
Refpetft you cannot affront them wTorfe than re-
fufe their Offer : And particularly their Venera¬
tion for Age, he fays, is well worthy of Imita¬
tion, for they pay a great Regard to their Elders
of all Ranks f.
FRANKLIN j at his firft Meeting on the GwJNa.
Bland, gave him a very agreeable Account of
their good Nature ; telling him, that he would
have no Occafion to trouble himfelf to fifh for
his Subfiftence, for that the Natives would fup-
ply him with that, or any thing elfe the Bland
afforded, without his feeking, as they had offered
to himfelf, but that he chofe both to fi(h and
hunt to divert his Melancholy g.
While the Author lay lick here h, they fup- Humanity.
plied him w'ith all Kinds of Neceffaries : Every
Day fome or other of the Inhabitants would come
to fee how he did, and fcarce ever without a
Fowl, or fome Fruit for him. The Governor
himfelf ufed to vifit him almoft daily, and every
tw7o or three Days would fend him a Quarter of
a wild Goat, a Side, or a whole one. All this
Time he was lodged by one of the chief Inha¬
bitants, and when he was recovered, he found
fifty-one Fowls left of the Prefents which had
been made him *.
Another Time, he had a Couple of Quails
brought him k, befides Milk very often, and Ba¬
nana Cakes, wrhich are made of Maiz and Ba¬
nanas mixed *.
Fish makes a great Part of their Food, efp e-Diet,
a Roberts' s Voyage, p. 263. b Labatr in his Hiftory of Afrique Occidental, ridicules this Opinion of
its Origin, as the Reader will fee hereafter : But it is now, we think, confirmed beyond Doubt, that if it be
not the Sperm, it is fome greafy odoriferous Subllance, generated in a Bag near the I efticles of the Sperms Lett
Whale. See the Philofopbical Lranfaftions, N° 387, p. 256, £ff feq. Alfo the Abridgment, vol. 7. p. 429-
c Roberts's Voyage, ^.431, & feq. d About the Year 1700, this Bland feems not to have had fo many In¬
habitants, fince a Negro Native of St. Nicholas, who had been carried by the French Pirate Maringavin to St.
John's , where he had lived three Years, told Roberts , there was about an hundred Inhabitants upon it twenty
Years before. See his Voyage, p. 1 37. e Roberts's Voyage, /. 422. f Ibid, p.228.
p. 19.7. h See before, p. 623. a. ‘ Roberts's Voyage, p. 258, if feq. k Ibid.
1 Ibid. p. 185.
£ Ibid.
p. 244.
dally
66 4
Sin Juan,
or B^ava.
Bread.
Ingenuity,
Description of the Cai
dally the Broth, which they are very fend of, a
and brought it as the beft Diet in his never a.
They have a Way likewife of dicing Pompion
into Fifh-Broth b, and boiling it to a Pap like
Hafty-Pudding. Another Kind alfo is made with
Maiz and Mandyoak Flower, i. e. Mandyoaks
diced thin, dried and pounded to Powder very
fine and white ; and this Mixture baked, he fays,
makes alfo good Bread c.
They have a Cake too, called Kufkus (1,
which is Indian Corn pounded and boiled over b
the Steam of frelh Water to a Pudding ; then
cut in Pieces, and dried in the Sun : If well dried,
it will keep fome Months, and refembles a Sort
of Bread (though much coarfer) made for Sailors
up the Streights. This, he fays, upon Occafion
a Man might make fhift with as far as to Bar¬
ba does e.
In building his Boat, he gives an Inftance alfo
of the Ingenuity of thefe Bravans {hewn in their
Contrivance for fplitting Timber for Boards. Af- <
ter the Tree was cut down of the defigned
Length, which feldom exceeded feven or eight
Foot, they chopped with Hatchets two Channels
as narrow and deep as they could right oppofite
to each other the whole Length of the Tree: Then
chocking it with Stones to keep it fteady, they
put Wedge-like Stones into the Gutter, thick
enough to (lick fhort of its Bottom : Upon thefe,
they throwing great Stones, the Piece foon fplit ;
after which, they hewed away the round Side, c
till they brought it of the Thicknefs required,
fmoothing up both Sides pretty even and ftreight,
but could not work by a Line ; which not being
ufed to, rather put thsm out, they faid {.
II. The JJland ftrfl peopled by Blacks, Story of a
Priefi : His Hypocrify and Avarice : Calls him-
felf God's Steward. Knavery rewarded. Igno¬
rant Priejls here : Prefer the Mafs-Book to the
Bible : Tet under f and it not. Old Cujloms re¬
tained. Trade. Government. Punijhments. Roads
and Bays about St. John’s. The Fuurno : . Di-
reilions to find it. Anchoring-Place. Faciendo
de Agua. Ferrier Bay. Scio Bay.
THIS Ifland has not been peopled above two
Centuries. It was, for feveral Years, inha¬
bited only by two Black Families, infe&ed with no
Superftition but their own, till about fixty Years
paft, (or the Year 1680) a Famine raging at St.
Philip's , fome of the poorer Sort of Negros got
?e de Verde Islands.
themfelves wafted over to the Ifland of St. John San foa»,
by a Portugueze Ship. Thefe were joyfully re-
ceived by their Fellow Blacks,’ who having much pirft popM
increafed the Stock of Goats, Cows, and efpeci- by Blach.
ally Hogs, which the Portugueze had placed on
all the Iflands when they firft difeovered them ;
and underftanding, that the new Comers were
brought hither by the Portugueze , purely in Com¬
panion to prevent their being ftarved, freely offer¬
ed to load the Ship with Hogs, as a Reward for
, their Charity. This Draught fo thinned their
Hogs, that finding, by the Time the Ship was
loaden, that there were but few left, they catch-
ed the Remainder, killed fome, and tamed the
red; g : For the St. Philip Blacks foon introduced
the Notion of Property ; fo that he who could
kill, catch, or tame mod, had mod ; by which
Means all the Cattle on the Ifland quickly be¬
came divided among them, except the Goats,
which ftill remain wild, but are claimed as the
; Property of the Lord of the Soil, as are all the
wild Goats on the other Iflands.
These new Comers taught the reft to fpin
Cotton, which grew naturally there, and to make
Cotton Cloaths of it to wear ; they going ftark
naked before, as mod of the Negros on the Gui¬
nea Coaft do. They had likewife, occafionally
in Converfation, informed them of the Princi¬
ples and Notions, as far as they knew themfelves,
of the Romifio Religion.
1 All this being known at St. Philip' r, one of Story of t
the Priefts there, out of a godly Romijh Zeal to Pned'
try what he could pick - up among the poor
fhepherdlefs Blacks of St. John’s , got fome Mer¬
chants to give him a Cait over in a large Boat
they had managed by a Portugueze Sailor, whom
they had hired, and ufed to fend to St. Jago with
Cotton-Cloths, when the Portugueze Ships miffed
coming to trade there h. Our Volunteer Miflio-
nary, upon his Arrival, publiflied the pious Oc-
e cafion of his Coming, with his Power of pardon¬
ing their Sins, whereby he promifed to fend them
an eafy and fure Way to Heaven, were their
Actions everfo bad ; and, at the fame Time, de¬
clared an Impoflibility of going thither, let their
Actions be ever fo good, without a prieftly Ad¬
mittance by Abfolution.
A great Part of thefe Notions having been
inftilled into them by their Brother Blacks be¬
fore, the pious Padre fet himfelf to baptize them
juft as they were, without farther Inftru&ion }
fince it was fufficient for them to believe that they
» Roberts’ s Voyage, p. 260, and 356. b At 5/. Jago he relates they had a Kind of Pap made with
Pompion and Sherrie, which is the largeft of the Maiz pounded, and when boiled, is like boiled Barley. See
his Voyage, p. 318. ‘ Ibid. p. 152, 164, 33+- d 0Thls refembles both m Name and Prepara¬
tion, the Kujkus ufed in Marokko. * Roberts' % Voyage, p. 289. _ dbid. p. 270.
p.422, IA fiq. b Ibid, p.423.
were
Description of the Ca
San Juan, were Chrijlians by Baptifm, that they would cer- ,
or B ara, tainly go to Heaven, and, at the Refurre&ion,
to be changed white, &c. and To he mumbled
«£2-ovcr a Mafs, w^ich neither they nor himfelf un-
derftood : But that is not material, fince thereby
he obtained the foie End of his Million ; which
was as much of their Subftance as he could cant
them out of. He got Pieces of Cloth from thofe
who had them, and fingle Breadths from others;
Cotton-Thread or Yarn from a third Sort; raw
Cotton from fuch as had none, either woven or b
fpun ; from others Indigo* which then grew in
common, though not at prefent. In fhort, his
Contributions reached the very Animals: From
fome he had Hogs ; from others Fowl, and fo
on, the good difinterefted Soul refufmg nothing
that was brought, which he thought worth re¬
ceiving ; and when he had gotten as much as he
thought he could well manage 2 to get back in the
Boat, he took his Leave; telling them, that what
they had given was to God, and that he was c
God’s Steward and Receiver. The poor deluded
Souls waited on him down to the Fuurno , where
his Boat lay; in Return for which Kindnefs, he
freely gave them a parting Mafs in a Cave there,
which ever fince goes by the Name of Fuurno de
Padre.
\GJiSte- ‘S remarkable, that not only here, but in
all the reft of the Blands, the People are per-
fuaded, that whatever is given to the Prieft, is
given to God, unlefs they dedicate it to fome <
particular Saint ; on whom in fuch Cafe they
think they lay an Obligation to ftand their Friend,
and for whom the Priefts are alfo the Receivers,
as well as for God. The pious Padre com¬
forted his new Flock at parting, with a Pro-
mife to return from Time to Time, and give
them Abfolution for what Sins they fhould
commit in his Abfence ; nor did he fail ac¬
cordingly to vifit them yearly, or as often
as he could, or found it would anfwer : For, it
feems, they were not fo ignorant, but that by
Degrees they began to fufpeCt, that the principal
Motive of his pretended Piety was Avarice ; and
that his Heart was fet more upon their Goods,
than the Good of their Souls. This made the
wifer Part of them with-hold their Benevolence,
and give over their Attendance on him to the
Kraxtr re Boat 5 wlllcIl> in the Byent> Proved very happy
for them : For had they all continued in their firft
Zeal, the whole lfland muft, in a few Years af¬
ter, have been intirely depopulated. In fhort, as
the Padre, at the Conclufion of one of hisVifits,
was giving his Benedi&ion, and a Mafs as ufual
in the before-mentioned Cave, the Top fell-in,
and he with thirty more of his Auditors miferably
perifhed. They were heard groaning for three
de Verde Islands. 665
Days after, but it was impoflible to move the SanjTan’
great Rocks, which fell and blocked-up the Mouth ,f "" ‘ „
of the Cavern b.
The Boat-Men perceiving their pious Mafter
fixed, and no Poffibility of his coming forth,
made the heft of their Way home ; where, giving
this doleful Account of the fad Cataftrophe of
Singore Padre , and his tnoft zealous Auditors,
the black Flock of the Bland of St. John's re¬
mained without an abfolving Paftor for feveral
Years, which gave them an Opportunity of min¬
gling the Pagan and Romijh Superftitions fo in*-
timately together, that to this Day they remain
infeparable, making good the old Chymical Axiom ;
that Like eafily unites and incorporates with its
Like.
Some Years after, the Bifhop being upon a
general Vifitation round his whole Province, (in Pr"A
a Ship fent him for that Purpofe from Po iugal ,
at the King’s Expence) out of his mod reverend
Piety, placed an ignorant Fellow in St. John's to
be Prieft. He, who was there in Roberts’s Time,
was the fourth in Succeflion, and no Doubt (fays
that Author) a Pattern of his Predeceflors, or,
perhaps, exceeded them in Learning ; for he
could make fhift to read in his old MifTal Book,
given him probably by the reverend Bifhop at his
Ordination, which he called and believed to be
the Scriptura Sagrade (or, Holy Scripture :) And Mafs -Be*
when Roberts told him, that Appellation belong
1 qd only to the Bible, and that his Country had <bt '
quitted the Romijh Communion, on Account of
its DoCtrines in Contradi&ion thereto, his An¬
fwer was : That the Bible might be the beft Book
the Englijh had, becaufe it was certain, that when
they apoftatized from the holy Catholic Church,
that holy Book of the Mafs, which far exceeds
the other, was not given them by the holy Pope;
it not being lawful for any to look into it, but
Priefts lawfully ordained by a Romijh Bifhop c.
e When Roberts obje&ed, that he muft needs
be ignorant of moft of what was contained in it,
forafmuch as it was in Latin , a Language which
he did not underftand : The Prieft told him, he
did not think that was an Imperfection in him,
unlefs he was of a higher Order ; and that to un¬
derftand it, was fo fublime a Myftery, that it
was not (that he knew of) taught to any black
Prieft. He added, that he knew enough, that
is, what he ought to read for baptizing and mar-
f rying, as likewife for the principal Holidays and
Sundays; and that whether he underftood it or ra under.
not, God would never fail to blefs the EffeCts o (ft and it net*
thofe Sacraments : Declaring, that he was fure he
could fay or read the Office of the Mafs to tran-
fubftantiate the Wafer as often as he pronounced
or read the Words of Confecration, with an
Ibid. p. 425.
4 0.
1 Roberts' s Voyage, p. 424.
Vol. ,1. N° XXXIII.
c Ibid, p. 426, iff feq.
Intent
San Juan,
cr Brava.
Old Cuflomi
retained .
666 Description of the Cap
Intent to make the Sacrament ; though he con- a
feffed he did not underhand the Meaning of one
Word that he read. He urged the fame in Be¬
half of the Efficacy of his Abfolution, in for¬
giving Sins, and of his MafTes for the Dead, in
redeeming Souls out of Purgatory, and a great
deal of fuch Stuff: But notwithstanding all his
high Pretentions, there are feveral of thefe poor
Innocents, who have Senfe enough to fufpedt
them, and reverence him only from the Teeth
outwards a. b
He baptizes, marries, and buries; but the Na¬
tives have intermixed, with the Popifh Rites,
fome of their own ; fuch as wafhing before Bap-
tifm ; decking the Bride with Flowers and a Gar¬
land ; on the Mariiage-Day giving her bodily
Worfhip; Stripping her of all at Night, and put¬
ting Earth on her Head, in Token of Subjedtion ;
fprinkling the Graves of the Dead with Water,
and fometimes with the Juice of Water-Melons ;
and abundance of other Fooleries b. c
Trade, There is fcarce any foreign Trade here at
prefent. Captain Roberts could not find, that
more than two Ships had touched here for feven
Years before c. He was indeed informed, by
Franklin and others, that the Sailors belonging
to the French Ships, that called now and then at
St. Philip’s for Mules, ufed often to come over
in their Boats to St. John's, and buy Fowls and
Hogs: But that of late Years they had difcon-
tinued that Pra&ice. Whence the Iflanders con- d
eluded, either that no Ships had been trading late¬
ly at St. Philip’ s, or elfe that they fupplied them-
felves better there, than at St. John’s d.
Govetnmnt, The Governor of this Ifland is Jufticiary, and
decides the little Differences that arife among the
Natives ; and if they are refra&ory, can fend
them to Prifon : Which is an open Place, like the
Pounds for Cattle in England ; only a Stick laid
a-crofs the Entrance ferves for a Gate. Here,
fays the Author, thefe innocent Criminals will e
Pay without attempting to get out, unlefs very
rarely: In which Cafe the Prifon- Breaker, when
caught again, is tied Hand and Foot, and a Cen-
tinel fet over him ; and remains imprifoned till
he has fatisfied his Antagoniff, and afked the Go¬
vernor’s Pardon, who can keep him in Hold
Pwi ijbmer.ts. during Pleafure. This is the whole Extent of the
Governor’s Power, even in Cafe of Murder :
However, the Delinquent’s Friends are bound for
his Appearance, when a proper Judge {hall come f
from Portugal. But this had never happened as
far as he could learn.
Sometimes for a fmall Crime, efpecially if
it be an elderly Perfon, he is only confined to his
e de Verde Islands.
own or fome other Houfe ; which is reckoned a San jU3n,
great Favour. For to be imprifoned is fuch a or Brava*
Scandal, that Tyburn itfelf is hardly fo much
dreaded bv the Criminals in England e.
The Governor of St. John’s , in 1722, was
named Leuonel Gonfalvo ; and was made fuch by
T/jome Santee the Pateroon , or, as they alio called
him, Procurador of this I Hand f, mentioned in our
Account of St. Philip’s s, where he had long re-
fided.
The Charts and Pilots are very defedlive and end
erroneous, with refpeeb to this Ifland : For they^V1-
allow it to have but one good Road, and that
very difficult for one unacquainted to enter, by
reafon of the abundance of Rocks, both funken,
and otherwife h : Whereas St. John’s hath feveral
Bays or Roads where a Ship may anchor. But the
principal, and, indeed, the bed about all the
Ifland, is the Fuurno , which, in the Creole Tie Fuunw,
Tongue, fignifies an Oven, or Cave: So called
either from the feveral Caves theieabouts, or elfe
becaufe the Harbour is aclofe Bay, or Cave ; for
if you haul-in near the Kaay Rock, which is a
very good Key, (having Water enough by the
Side for a firft Rate Man of War) you will lie
Land-locked from all Winds : Nor does any
Wind blow in there, except from the South by
Eaft, to the South by Weft, which heaves a Sea
into the Bay, and makes it very well deferve the
Name of a Harbour *.
As it is a little difficult, for one who never Di’tnimtte
was there, to find it, Roberts gives the following-^ "•
Directions. When you are about the North-End
of St, Philip’s , the Ifland of St. John’s may be
feen, if it be any thing clear : But if it fhould'
be hazy, as often it happens, and you are within
two Leagues of St. Philip’s , fteer away North
by Weft, (ordering your Courfe as your Offing is
more or lefs). As this will bring you fair for the
little Iflands, make diredlly for the Eafter-
moft of them, with the bluff Hummock on its
South-End, (the Weftermoft having a piked Hum¬
mock) and giving the North-End of it a pretty
good Birth, run down along it at about a Mile’s
Diftance, till you are abreaft of the faid bluff
Hummock on the South-End. Then fteering di-
redfly for the North-Eaft Point of the main Ifland,
which is a low flat Point ; and giving a Birth
to it of about half a Mile, till you are {hot to
the South waid of it, haul-in along Shore, and
run down within a large Cable’s Length of the
Rocks, till you come abreaft of a Cave ; and then
you will fee a low Point of a Rock {hooting out
a little Way from the high Land, about a Quar¬
ter of a Mile or lefs a-hea<d of you. About that
a Roberts’ s Voyage, p. 427.
A^oyage, p. 266, b5 fcq.
Roberts’s Voyage, p. 131 .
3
b Ibid, p.428. c See before, p.6 23. e.
* Ibid. p. 264. { Ibid. p. 298. t See before, p. 659. a.
Ibid. .
d Roberts's,
h Sec
p. 432-
Point
1
»
‘■i
V.
v - % ;■ .
• V . «-'>Vr
. . -l r •-
y
#
i
Description of the Q av k de
San Jim, Point is the Fuurno. Give that Point a Birth of a Morning
Islands.
moft ufed,
very
few
or B'av*. jitt]e more than half a Cable, for fear of not
fetching into the Bay, which turns-up like an
Elbow, and you may anchor where you pleafe ;
but neareft on the Eaft Side is bcft.
It is belt mooring with a Fall: alhore, and not
to fwing, but have afmall Haufer alhore, from the
Stern to the Northward, where you will lie as
fnug as in an Oven. In cafe you happen to come
from the Eaftward to this Ifland, take Care
not to run about to the South End of St. Philip ;
for then, with a common Trade-Wind, you
t° Scio Boy.
There is
Artb'iring-
Pluce.
Verde
This Road is
being acquainted with the Fuurno b.
SCIO is a fair, fandy Bay, but difficult
come into, and without any Water,
likewife Sal Point Bay, where Roberts loft his
Ship, which is Efficiently defcribed in the Jour¬
nal. There are other Bays alfo, but not worth
mentioning.
I n the Leewardmoft of the little IHands, a-
bout the South- Weft End, there is a little Cove,
very fit for a fmall VeiTel to lie; and although
there are fome great Stones, or Rocks, in it, yet
667
San Nico-
lao.
Fic:«ndo de
Agua.
vuv-'iJ) w 1 in a c-uui uiwn jl ihuv.- » » j w o - - 1 — ' * j
cannot fetch the Fuurno , nor hardly any Point of the Bottom may be feen, as in moft Places about
the Bland a. thefe Blands, in feven, eight, nine, ten or twelve
On the North-Weft Side is another Bay, cal- Fathom Water ; and you have Room enough to
led Faciend de Agua, diftinguilhed by the Banana- moor, and fwing clear of thofe Stones c.
Trees, no Valley but this being vifible from the
Sea. The Bay has a fhingly Beach, and you
may anchor near the Middle, toward, the North
Side, in eight, nine, and ten Fathom, clean
Ground, and a frelh running Water almoft down
to the Beach.
F«ri tx Bay. Farther down, to Leeward, on the South-
Weft Side of the Bland, about a fmooth, low
Point, but rifing high fuddenly, is the Ferrier Bay,
which is a double one ; a high Bluff- Rock, di¬
viding in two the Beach, which is large Pebbles,
looking, at a Diftance, like Shingle. This is a
fair Bay, with a fmooth Landing-place, and a
Lake, or Bafon of frefh Water, behind the
South-Eaftermoft Beach, which is conftantly fed
by the Water from the Mountains. This Bay is
all over clean Ground; in fome Places Sand, but
SECT. VII.
The IJland of San Nicolao, or St. Nicholas.
Its Site and Extent. Face of the Land. The Coafls.
Paraghifi Road. Puerto Lappa. Currifal
Road. Terrafal Road. Good Watering every¬
where. Chief Town. Inhabitants: Their Num¬
ber: Colour: Their Women. The Vulgar thievi/h.
Fojfils : Nitre. Beur d'Ore. Soil : Fertility.
Dragon-Tree. Cattle. Wild Goats and Cows :
Much diminijked ; increafe again. Manufactures.
Trade. Proprietor of the IJland.
ACCORDING to Caprain Roberts , St. Site and
Nicholas (or San Nicolao , as the P or tu- Extent.
au uvw cicai. vj.uuuu, x gueze call it) is thelongeftof all the Cape de Verde
generally a ftiff Ooze, or Clay, and commonly Blands, except St. Jago. Its Port Paraghifi lies
the Sea runs fmooth on the Beach. There is a from Palmera in the Ble of Sal, Weft-Southerly
Kaay, or Rock, on the North- Weft Side, to about thirty Leagues d ; and in North Latitude
which you may put the Boat ; and it would be a fixteen Degrees, forty-five Minutes, and v eft
good Riding-Place, were it not for the ftrong Longitude from the Cape de Verde fix Degrees,
Flaws which come down the Valleys; which fifty-two Minutes e. ...
happen moftly \n November, December , and fa - DAMP IE Ri ays, its Shape is triangular;
nuary , and come fo violent, if there be a Gale of e that the largeft Side lying to the Eaft, is aoout
Wind, that a Ship cannot turn into it, or always thirty Leagues long, and the other two about
ftay there at anchor, if Ihe be in; as fared with twenty Leagues each. Headds, that it lsmountam-
a Portupucze Veffel. Nor is the Road fafe in the ous, and barren all round towards the Sea-Coaft .Faceoftfa
Rains and (hifting Wind Seafons ; when the South- ROBERTS fays, this Bland is moftly high Band,
Eaft, South, and South- Weft Winds, to which Land s, the higheft being a flat Sugar-Loaf-hke
it lies open, bring in a great Sea, enough, if Mountain, terminating at Top with a rounding,
ftrong, to drive a Ship alhore. For the reft of not a lharp-pointed Peek h. It is called Monte
the Year it is good Riding here, and in fine Gourda , and lies on the North-Weft Side 1 but
Weather, efpecially March , April , and May , a good way up in the Land, and may be feen on
you have a Southerly Sea-Breeze in the Evening, f any Side of the Ifland at nine or ten Leagues
and Land-Breezes all Night, and till ten in the Diftance k.
* Roberts' s Voyage, p. 433. b Ibid. p. 434, fa. f tbid p. 435- 1 d
fays, it lies Weft South- Weft from Sal. about twenty-two Leagues. See his Voyages, vol. 1. p. 74.. See
Roberts's Voyage, p. 436. 1 Dampin' % Voyages, vol. 1. p. 74. s S[gh’A ft<fep Wltn ,a
great many Gullies. Roberts' s Voyages, p. 23. b Ibid. }>. 44* • 1 The Author {*Y*> towards
the Weft End, p. 441 ,
Ibid p.
1 1
40.2
The
668 Description of the Cape de Verde Islands.
San Nico- The Coaft of this Ifland is fo clean (or clear a
Rocks and Shoals) that a Ship may run a-
Coojh. long from the Eaft Point, till within half a
League of the South-Weft Point, within Call of
the Shore a.
Parsghlfj In the Shifting-Wind Seafon, no Road on this
ixoad. Ifland is good or Cafe ; but when the true Trade-
Wind is fettled, there are three or four indifferent
ones. That which is neareft the Town is Parag-
lift, where there is a Bay, in which you may
ride-off, fingle, or moor’d, the Wind blowing
always from the Shore ; or you may haul into
the Cove of Paraghifty and moor between four
Land-fafts b.
The Bay here not named muft be Puerto Vel-
boy or the Old Road, where Roberts chofe to
anchor rather than at Paraghift , for fear of being
peftered with the Natives coming on board : For
this laft is a little narrow Gut between two rocky
Points, where Veffels may moor fo clofe to the
Rock, as to ftep from one to the other, with
one Anchor off, or by Shore-fafts, without any
Anchor out at all. Paraghift is nigher the Town
than Trefaly and the Way, for the moft Part,
level, which is a Rarity in thofe Iflands; the
Roads, by Land, being generally very fteep and
rocky c. Half a League to the North of Pa¬
raghift there is a fmall Sand Bank, with four
Fathom Water on it d.
poeito Lap- The next is the Road of Porto Lappety which
Pa* you can’t mifs finding, becaufe it is in the very <
Cod of the great Bight, on the South Side of the
Ifland : The Ground here is foul, and feveral
Anchors have been loft, by the Cables being cut
with the Rocks.
Currifai T o the Eaftward of Porto Lappa , about half
Fud. Way between that and the Eaft Point of the
Ifland, is the Road of Currifal % where is a
River of frelh Water, clofe to the Beach (very
commodious for watering.) The beft anchoring
is to the Eaftward of the Beach, almoft fhut-in.
Then you are a-breaft of Petra de Loornay or the
Fiery Rock ; over which, being funk and flat, the
Sea always breaks, whence the Author fuppofes
it has its Name f.
This Road is not fo convenient for Trading,
as being fixteen or eighteen Miles from the Town,
and the Way rocky, with many high and fteep
‘Afcents and Defcents g.
TrtESE Roads, efpecially Paraghift and Cur - Sad Niw.
rtfaly are but little known or frequented, there ,a0*
being no Marks by which a Stranger may find
them : But there are always (except in the Torna¬
do-Time) People on the look-out along that Side,
where a Ship may anchor, or a Boat land. Elfe
you fee Fifhermen on the Rocks, within Call ;
or you may fend your Boat aftiore, and have a
Pilot to any Road ; elfe you may run-in with an
eafy Sail, or lie too a little, to give the People
Time to gather down to the Port; by which
Means you will difcover it h.
The moft -general ly reported Road is Terra- rerrafjl
faly (or Trefal) on the Weft Side of the Ifland ; Road .
it is beft known by the great Boats of the Na¬
tives, fome of which are always hauled up a-
fhore there. This is a clean Bay, and you may
anchor any where in or about it, efpecially to the
Northward, in good Ground.
There is a high, bluff, rocky Point, near
a Quarter of a Mile fhort of the Sea-Side, in
which Space it is low, ftony, gravelly, and, in
fome Places, fhingly Ground ; the Shore being a-
pebbly Beach. On each Side this Point is a very
deep Gully, out of which come violent Flaws or
Gulls of Wind ; and therefore when any thing
of a hard Gale blows, it is very difficult to turn
up into this Bay. To avoid thele Flaws, you
muft anchor right againft the Point, between the
Gullies ; where you may ride very eafy under its
Lee, in from fixteen to three Fathom.
A Sand-Bank lies crofs the Mouth of this
Bay, on which is about ten Fathom. Within it
is twelve, thirteen and fourteen Fathom, foft
Ground ; and then it fhoals gradually to thq
Shore, till you are in four or five Fathom,
where you have again Sand to the pebbly Beach *.
By digging a Well almoft any-where on the.,,
Low-Land, you may water here, except the every where,
rainy Seafon has failed : But there is always good
: Water in a Valley about half a Mile from the
Sea, whence the Natives will bring it down on
Afles for a Trifle. From this Road you may fee,
in clear Weather, all the Leeward Iflands;- but
if it be the leaft hazy, the Ife of Chaon, or, of
Dogs k, is not difcernable h
The Town belonging to St. Nicholas is the qhl
moft populous, as well as compadleft, of any on7i w«.
all the Iflands ; and although not built fo large,
* Roberts' s Voyage, p. 442. b Ibid. p. 441. c Ibid. p. 25, & feq. d Ibid. p. 344. e From
the Portion given here to Currifal, as well as other Circumftances, we are apt to think it ought to be placed
near where Porto Gbuy lies in the Map. See what relates to Currifal, in Roberts, p.117, 1 20. * Roberts's
Voyage, p. 44 1 • g Ibid. p. 25. h Ibid, p.443. 1 Captai n Cotv ley, who rode at the
South -Eaft Side of the Ifle, got frelh Water, by digging three Wells. See his Voyage, p. 4. in Damtier,
vol. 4. k In the Original the Words are, Elfe you can fee none but the Ife of Dogs, or Ife Chaon, and
not then, if it be any thing hazy. But the Ife Cbao-n, or of Dogs, feems to be the fame, from the Name,
though corrupt; befides, the Ife of Dogs is not mentioned elfe where in his Voyage, or inferted in his Map un=-
.der that Nmpe. 1 Roberts' sVoyage, p. 443.
nor
/
I
Description of the Cai
SanNlco- nor the Walls cemented with Lime-Mortar, as a
1»°* the Houfes at the City of St. Jago are, nor co-
— vered, not even the Church, with any thing but
Grafs Thatch; yet, for Number of Houfes, as
well as regular Streets, it rather exceeds that Ci¬
ty : But Tome Time ago. Captain Avery , the
Pirate, touching here, the Inhabitants fome way
difgufted him fo that he burnt all their Town3.
Captain RO B E RTS has omitted this Ca¬
pital in his Map, as well as that of St. Jago ;
nor do:s his Defcription either give us the Name, b
or afford any Light into its Situation, although
he was there b, anv farther than what is men¬
tioned above, that Paraghifi is the neareft Read
to the Town. Likewife in the Journal of his
Voyage, Trefal , or Terrafal Road, is occafionally
' faid to be lixteen or eighteen Miles from the
Town c ; and Porto Lappa , twelve d ; whence
we can only gather, that it may lie about fix
or eight Miles to the North of Paraghlfi , as
we have placed it in the Map.
DAMP IE R , who anchored on the South-
Eaft Side of this Ifland in 1683, informs us, that
the Governor who came down there, told him
that the chief Town was in the Valley, fourteen
Miles from the Bay where the Ship rode ; and
that he had there under him above one hundred
Families, beftdes other Inhabitants that lived Mat¬
tering in Valleys more remote e.
Mabitavf, J ANNE QUIN fays, only Mayo and St.
Mumbtr. Nicolao , of all the Cape de Verde lflands, are in¬
habited f ; and it is pofiibly on his Authority,
that Ov'mgton affirms, ten of the lflands out of
twelve are without Inhabitants
Before the Famine, the Inhabitants, ac¬
cording to Captain Roberts , were computed to
be above two thoufand Souls ; but now he fays
they do not exceed thirteen or fourteen hundred h.
They have moftly an European Portuguese Padre ,
and it is as much as he can do fometimes to ma¬
nage them : For although they profefs the Romijh
Religion, unmixed with any other Superftition,
(contrary to what mod of the reft are, not ex¬
cepting St. Jago ) yet they are the moft head-
ftrong and refolute the Author ever met v/ith
any-where, of that Profeffion.
rUrCUur. They are all black, or Copper-coloured
with frizzled Hair ; except a few of the trench
Race, left there by the Pirate Alarenghwin \ and
three old Portuguese , and two or three old Por¬
tuguese Women k.
e de Verde Islands. 66 9
DAMPIER obferves, that the Governor SanNH*.*
(who came aboard when he was there, with three «
or four Gentlemen more in his Company) was ^ ^
the cleared of them, jet of a tawny Complex¬
ion. He fays the\' were all indifferently well
clad, and accoutred with Swords and Piflois;
but that the reft who accompanied him to the
Sea-ftde, and were about twenty or thirty more,
were but in a ragged Garb b
The Women here are by far more houfe-7^ U'cmtn.
wifely and ingenious at their Needles, than in the
other lflands: She who does not appear in a
wrought Coif, like thofe worn by the Boa Vifta
Women, is looked upon as an idle Perfon. They
are alfo more modeft, never appearing out of
their Houfes, nor within, bare before Strangers,
as is common at St. John's ; and except when
they are out a planting, or weeding, or gathering-
in their Harveft, they are always at their Needles,
or fp inning, if they have any Cotton ra.
c The beft Portuguese is fpoken here in all th Qy^Vulgaf
Cape de Verde lflands; and as the Natives refem -tkumjh.
ble the Portuguese moft in their Language, fo
are they like the vulgar Sort of that Nation, er¬
rant Thieves to Strangers ; and where they take
an Antipathy, very blood-thirfty ; being mighty
dextrous at their Knives n.
With regard to their Thievery, or being
difpofed to pillage Strangers, the Behaviour of
fome who came aboard Captain Roberts’ s Sloop,
1 when upon this Coaft in 1722, and ftole all his
Liquor, may be produced as an Inftance : For
having obferved the Place from whence his Boy
brought a Bottle of Rum, which he fent for to
treat them, they made bold, feeing only thofe
two belonging to the Ship, to fetch it them-
felves, though Roberts forbad them ; faying, that
the leaft they could expe<ft, was to participate of
what was in the Veflel; and that he fhewed
himfelf very ungrateful, as well as niggardly, to
; think much at "any thing they could eat and
drink that was on board. In (hort they had the
Affurance to tell him, that the Sloop and every
thing in her was as much theirs as his, flnee he
was in Diftrefs, and muft needs have perifhed if
they had not come from Shore, and brought him
and the Boy fome Water : Which, after all, was
falfe, Roberts having been then fafe at Anchor ;
and as for the Water, they had drank it all them-
felves °.
f As to the natural Produdions of this Ifland, Ftfils.
b Ibid. p. 352.
c Ibid.
Ibid. p. 43.
D am¬
pler' s Voyages, JoL 74? f See Jar.ru quins Voyage de Lybie , p. 215. ;; See before, p. 630. Note \
l The Author tells us, five hundred died of the Famine, witnin twelve Months before ins Arrival \ ojage,
* 2 e. Dapper fays, that in the Year 1625, there were no more than nineteen Perfons «. eight Men, feven
Women, a£ four Girls, on the Ifland. * About twenty Years before the Author was firft here See
his Voyage, p. 156. k Roberts's Voyage, p. 444. Dumpier s V oyages, vol. 1. p. 74. CffJej.
S1 Ibid. p. 437. n Roberts's Voyage, p. 444. ? IEd. p. 125, 0/7.
* vupuin
670
San Nico*
lao.
Nitre, B:ur
dTOre.
Soil. Ferti¬
lity.
Dragon •
Tree,
Description of the
Captain Roberts obferves, that there are the fame
Sorts of Sands and Stones here as at St. ‘John’s ;
and the Natives have a Tradition, that there is
Silver or Gold in them, but cannot tell how to
extraCl it ; however it is to be met with here
only in a few Places ; whereas almoft every-where
at St. John’s. There is good Nitre alfo on this
Ifland, and Beur d’Ore , but not in fuch Quanti¬
ty, or fo glittering, as what is to be met with at
St. Jago, or St. John’s *.
DAMP IE R obferves, that although St. Ni¬
cholas is mountainous and barren towards the
Sea, yet in the Heart of the Ifland there are
Valleys, where the Portugue ze have Vineyards
and Plantations, with Wood for Fewel b.
The Soil, according to Roberts , is fruitful
for Maiz ; and the beft Fefhoon on all the Cape
de Verde Iflands he fays is here, both white and
black ; likewife Plantains, Bananas, Pompion,
Water and Mufk Melon, Lemons, Limes, and
Oranges, fweet and four. They have a few Sugar-
Canes, of which they makeMolafles : They have
Vines too, of which they make a tartifh Wine c.
and in a good Vintage, commonly fixty or feventy
Pipes. The Author came to know the Quantity
by the Tithe paid the Prieft. It is oftentimes fold
at three Pound, or three Pound ten Shillings per
Pipe ; but there is hardly any to be got by Chrijl-
mas ; and the Time of their Vintage is June and
July d.
This Ifland did once exceedingly abound with
Dragon-Trees ; which, when cut at a proper
Seafon, yields the Gum, or infpiflated Juice,
called Sanguis Draconis , much ufed in Medicine.
They have a Way of cutting-ofF the Branches,
and boiling them in Water, from which they
have an Art to feparate the Gum ; but it is not
nigh fo clear, nor, he believes, fo good, as the o-
ther Sort. It is a loofe-grained Wood, and hol¬
low in the Middle ; the Cavity going tapering
upwards fomething like the Bore of a Pump. But
after Avery had burnt their Town, for want of
other Wood, (moft of their wild Fig-Trees, the
only Wood fit for that Ufe, having been deftroyed
in building their Boats) they were forced to cut
down the Dragon-Trees to roof their Houfes a-
gain ; and, moft of them having Chambers, they
floored them with the Boards of this Wood : So
that now it is fo fcarce, that Captain Roberts
queftions whether above twenty or thirty Pounds
Cape de Verde Islands.
a of Gum be made yearly on this Ifland ; and a SanNTco.
great deal even of that is adulterated e.
D *i 1 , - I
They had great Plenty of Goats f, Hogs,C(i„,,t
and Fowls, before the late Famine, which al¬
though it held there hut three Years, yet, while
it lulled, was feverer than in any of the other
Iflands : For St. Nicholas having but little Trade,
as it afforded no Commodity for Foreigners, but
Afles g, which are likewife common to the other
Iflands, they were feldom vifited by more than
b one or two Ships in a Year; and there not being
fo great a Demand for thofe Animals of late in
the iVejl Indies , as formerly, they fometimes
have not had a Ship for two Years, which has
obliged them to be more induftrious than any
of their Neighbours \
It ufed to abound moft with wild Goats, as WtldGoat%
well as Cows, which all belonged to the Lord*"^ Cowi’
Proprietor. The Governor told Captain Roberts ,
that he had ordinarily {hipped off for Portugal , as
c a Year’s Production, without diminifhing the
Stock (for it is their Rule only to kill the Increafe)
two thoufand Goat-Skins from St. Nicholas , St.
Lucia , and St. Vincent , and often upwards of one
hundred Hides from St. Nicholas only, the other
two Iflands (which are dependent on it) having
no Cows on them ; and thefe two thoufand were
all the Skins of He-goats only : The She, as well
as all the Flefti of the Cows and Goats, being
the Perquifite of the Steward, or Governor (as
d they call him) who had Power to give or fell
it, as he pleafed.
But this was before the Famine had dimi- Much dim.
niftied the Stock ; for fince that, the People firft”^.
eat their own Hogs and tame Goats, and after¬
wards deftroyed the Proprietors Stock of Cows
and wild Goats: So that when our Author was
laft upon this Ifland, there were but forty Head
of great Cattle ; and, the Stock of wild Goats
was fo diminilhed, that the Governor told him,
e it would not be worth while to fend a Ship for
the Skins for three Years to come \
Captain RO B E RTS carried over to it,
in his Boat, a yearling Heifer, from Boa Vijla ,
(which Captain Manuel Domingo bellowed on him
to kill on board, for Food) and would have given
it to his Landlord, Nicolau Gonfalvo: But the
then Governor would not let him keep it, under
Pretence ^that the Lord of the Soil had referved
the Liberty of keeping Cows folely to himfelf j
a Roberts’ s Voyage, p. 444. b Dampier' s Voyages, vol. 1. p. 74- c Captain Cowley fays,
this Wine was not very good. See his Voyage, p. 4. in Dampier, vol. 4. This laft Author obferves, vol. 1.
p. 74, that the Governor brought aboard fome Wine made in the Ifland, which tailed much like Madera ,
was of a pale Colour, and looked thick. d Roberts' s Voyage, p. 436. e Ibid. p. 438, IA feq.
t Dampier fays, the Goats are but poor, in Comparifon of thofe in other Places, yet much better than thofe at
Sal. See his Voyage, vol. 1. p. 74. g Elfewhere he fays, St. Nicholas is the chief Ifland for Alfes.
See his Voyage, p. 342. b Roberts's Voyage, p. 436, lAJeq. 1 Ibid. p. 437, IA feq.
but,
San Nleo*
lao.
Inereafed c-
gairt.
Atarufsc-
tU’CS.
Tzade,
Desoription of the C a
but, in reality, becaufe be was related to his Pre- a
deceflbr, whom he did not affe£f:. Roberts there¬
fore made a Prefent of it to Manuel Swaar Gum ,
a Relation of the Governor, who, after fome
Shew of Unwillingnefs, allowed him to keep it,
under Colour that it was for the Author againft
he came again ; and this in Time, fays he, may
increafe, and make another Stock of Cattle, be-
fides that belonging to the Lord of the Soil *.
The Ifland is at prefent fertile, and they be¬
gin to increafe their Stocks of Hogs and Fowls a- b
pace ; infomuch, that there are few Families but
have Store of thofe Animals. This was done in
about three Years Time, (without either giving
or felling) from only ten Hogs, and not many
more Fowls, or above half the Number of tame
Goats : So that the Author believes, when he
was laft there, they could have loaded a Ship, on
reafonable Terms, with live Hogs b, as well as
Horfes ; a Breed of which were brought from
Boa Vijla about fourteen Years before, by one c
Captain Rcllo a Frenchman c.
The Natives make Cloaths of Cotton as
fafhionable as our common Country Tailors ; and
Buttons to imitate almoft any Pattern you {hew
them. They knit Cotton Stockings, tan Goat
and Cow Hides, and make tolerable Shoes ; be-
fides the beft Cloths and Cotton Quilts of all the
lflands, which are too good for the Guinea Trade :
But as they do well for that of BraflL the Por¬
tuguese were wont to touch here for them. But <
Cotton is now fcarce j for the Drought deftroyed
that Commodity here, as well as at all the reft
of the Cape de Verde lflands, except at Boa
VJla d.
SAINT NICHOLAS was never an Ifland
of much Trade, which moftly confifted in Afles
and Cotton Manufactures. Some Sorts of Pro-
vifion were likewife to be had. Captain Cowley
was here in 1683, and traded for Plantains, Ba¬
nanas, and Wine e. The chief Trade at pre- e
fent feems to be for Turtle, the Inhabitants be¬
ing much addicted to catch them, as wTell as fiflh-
ing. This they moftly do in their Boats at the
lflands of Chaon , Branca , St. Lucia , and St. Vin¬
cent ; being the only People who build and ufe
Boats in thefe lflands. They fell their Fifti for
ready Money, or what elfe they ftand in Need
of ; and the Portuguese , who traded there for
Cloths and Quilts to carry to Brofil , as well as
Portugal , ufed often to pay Cafh for them, not f
having fuch Commodities as pleafed the Inhabi¬
tants. Thefe latter were generally fupplied by
the Englifn and French who traded thither j and
pe de Verde Islands. 671
either exchanged their Goods for Afles, or fold Licia*
them for Money : But as the Famine exhaufted
their other Stocks, fo it did, in a great Meafure,
their Money : For the firft Portuguese T rader who
happened to come-in there, in the Height of the
Famine, with Provifions, after trucking his Corn,
which he brought from the Weftern lflands, for
as many Cotton Cloths as he thought fit, would
fell for nothing but ready Money ; which fwept
away the beft Part of the Coin of this Ifland f.
The old Marquis das Minhas was formerly the Pnprmor.
Lord Proprietor of this Ifland, St. Lucia , St. Vin-
cent, and St. Antonio ; but after his Death, the
King refumed the three firft into his own Hands,
the latter only being the hereditary Eftate of that
Nobleman ; who ufed every Year to fend a Ship
for the Goat-Skins and Hides, which was all the
Profit he had out of thofe lflands, except St. An -
tonid s s.
The lflands of Chaon, Branca, and Santa
Lucia.
THESE three lflands are deftitute of either chaon //fo
Inhabitants or Waters, and the two firft
of Cattle. The Ifland, or rather the Rock Chaon,
lies from Terrafal Weft-Northerly about three
Leagues. The St. Nicholas Men fifh about it in
Boats: Between it and Branca is all foul Ground.
ILHA BRANCA h, or IVhite If and , is a high jju Branca,
fteep Rock, lying Lengthways Eaft South-Eaft,
and Weft North -Weft, about two or three Miles.
The St. Nicholas Men come here alfo to fifh. On
the South-Side there is a Place whereBoats may ride,
but fo dangerous, when it blows from the ftrong
Flaws that come-down the Rocks, that the St.
Nicholas Men care leaft to refort hither, though
there is extraordinary Fifhing about it. The Au¬
thor fuppofes it took the Name from a Vein of
white Rocks, which runs under the high, dark,
rocky Land on the South-Side, and appears, at a
Diftance, like white Sand-Hills. Between this
and St. Lucia you have broken Ground, with;
feveral Rocks above or under Water ; yet a Ship
may pafs through fate enough, by keeping a good
Look-out : But it is too dangerous for a Stranger
to the lflands to venture, unlefs under fome Necef-
fity of doing it.
This Ifland produces the Guana, a Creature? 'btGujne.
well known in the Weft Indies , but found on none
other of the Cape de Verde lflands. It is (haped
very like a Lizard, and fome here are above a
Yard long \
S A I NT LXJC I A lies three or four Leagues st. Lu«a,
a Roberts's Voyage, p. 439, & feq.
* See his Voyage, p. 4, in Dampier , vol. 4.
h It is a Corruption of Blanca , or White .
L Roberts' s Voyage, p. 445, feq. .
b Ibid, p.441. c Ibid. p. 439* d Ib‘d. P-437*
f See Roberts's Voyage, p. 440. 8 Ibid. p. 437, feq.
It is called, in the Charts, Alba Ronda j or r Tht nund Ifland.
Weft.
672 Description of the C a
•San Vicente , W eft North -Weft from the North -Weft Part
cc St. Vm- 0f Nicholas : There is a good clean Tandy
’ Bay on theSouth-Weft Side, and another on the
South-Eaft Side. The Iftand produces Goats and
Afles, but no Inhabitants2.
The Channel between this and St. Vincent is
very foul, and fo full of Rocks, that it is as un-
fafe to venture through it as the former b..
Ytery Sea, FRAZIER obferves, that the Sea about thefe
and the adjacent Iflands is, during the Night,
very bright and fparkling, in cafe the Surface be
ever fo little agitated by Fifties or Ship§ ; fo that
the Veflel’s Way looks like Fire. And though he
had read the Accounts given of it by Philofo-
phers, particularly Rohault , yet he would fcarce
have believed it, if he had not feen it c.
SECT. VIII.
The IJlands of San Vicente and San Antonio.
I. S>m Vicente; or, St. Vincent.
The Face of the If and. Bahia des Ghat. Puerto
Grande. Sugar-Loaf Rock , its Form and Site.
Difference in thofe Ref pedis betwixt Roberts and
Frazier. Puerto de San Pedro. Fijh here.
Turtle. Soil barren. No Inhabitants , Game ,
Fowl or Fruits.
Face of the qAINT VINCENT on the North- Eaft Side
land. O js low and Tandy : But the reft is moftly high
Land, with Tandy Bays, and feveral Roads to an¬
chor at : The chief are, firft,
BAHIA DES GHAT is on the North-Side.
It goes-in North-Eaft between two low fandy
Points ; and the Water is fo fmooth, that a Veffel
may lie fafe afhore : But it is fo difficult to come
out with a Trade-Wind, which blows right into
the Bay, or rather fmall Gulph, that no Ships
frequent it : However, the St. Nicholas Men ufe
it fecurely with their Boats a Turtling, taking
the Opportunity of rowing-out in the Morning
Calm.
Pu-ito In the North-Eaft Bight, on the North -Weft
Oande. Side, right againft St. Antonio , is Porto Grande ,
a fair large Bay. Here you may ride fafe from
all Winds in fix or feven Fathom Water, and
anchor any-where, for it is all clean Sand. It is
eafily known by a high Rock, like a Tower, off
the Bay, and clean all round. You may pafs
on either Side; but if defigned for the great Bay,
you had beft go to Windward, leaving it on the
jStarboard-Side. You will have very hard Flaws,
pe de Verde Islands.
a if it blows under the high Land ; but fteady Gales SaiiVicente,
as Toon as you are clear of it. Here you may eJe^‘ V)n*
have wild Goats as well as Wood and Water, if
you will take the Pains to (hoot them d.
FROGER and Frazier both touched at this Bay, Sugar-Loaf
which they call The Bay of St. Vincent ; and theRock*
Rock or Iftand that lies at the Mouth of it, The
Sugar-Loaf Rock e. In entering, they paffed
within Mufket-Shot of it. Frazier fays, they found
twenty-feven Fathom clean Ground, and that
b it lies about two Cables Length from Shore: That
in turning it, Ships are expofed to great Squawls
of Wind coming from the Mountains at North-
Eaft, fome of Mr. Guays Squadron having loft
their round Tops here : And that this Rock,
with the low Land on the North-Side, (extending
from the Foot of the high Mountains toward the
North -Weft next St. Anthony ) were the Signs by
which they diftinguifhed and entered the Chan¬
nel (between this Iflar.d and St. Anthony ) from
c the North f.
They anchored in the Creek in ten Fathom
fine Sand and Gravel South by Eaft ; fomewhat
Eafterly of the little Bland or Rock, and Eaft of
the Starboard Point going-in. They landed to
fetch Water from a little Rivulet, which runs a
great Part of the Year into a little Creek, the
fartheft Northward in the Bay, but found it
dry g.
The Form of Porto Grande Bay, in Mr. Ro-Fomani
d berts’s Map, differs much from Frazier's Planh;5?w*
which agrees very wrell with fome old Dutch
Maps, excepting that they make the Rock or
Iftand at the Entrance much larger than Frazier.
Nor does the Pofition given of the fame Bay in
Roberts' s Map correfpond better with the Lati¬
tude affigned it by Frazier , who makes it twenty-
five Minutes lefs, viz. fixteen Degrees fifty Mi¬
nutes. If this be exadl, that of Paraghifi in
St. Nicholas , given by Roberts , mull be falfe, as
e well as the Situation of the other three Northern
Ifles regulated thereby : But as neither fays the
Latitude he fets down is the Rcfult of an a&ual
Obfervation, we cannot determine where the Er¬
ror lies.
PORTO SAN PEDRO is a clean Bay orpaert0je
Road about the South-Weft Point, where youSanPe4re.
may anchor in what Depth you pleafe in fandy
Ground : But it is hard Riding there, unlefs in
moderate Weather, by reafon of the Flaws that
f come from the Valley.
More Turtle and Fifh are caught about this
Iftand, than any of the Cape de Verdes , except-
a Yet Barbot, in his Defcription of Guinea, p. 538, fays, it is the beft peopled next to St. Jago.
b Ro¬
berts's Voyage, p. 44.6. c Frazier's Voyage to the South-Sea, p. 9. d Roberts' s Voyage, p. 447,
& fq. e Frazier calls it a little Rock ; Froger , a great Rock. See his Relation, d' un Voyage de la
Mer du fid,
ihe Plate,
p.51.
Frazier's Voyage to the South-Sea , p. 9, & feq.
Ibid. p. 1 1,
See
5
A ol ,I./f
0 7Z
View^/^ Island ^>772^, /\m Cornwall i
tlqttada or
^ 'JTatertny />'<
O f'ret'A/or
fo/ttuz/
'WI0/0
* ZReniari:
Frasier /itaceJ t/n\f furrt in
1 6" j o' hat. ivhich t\f uj /ov¬
er than 'Kohcrio nu/o /tin
hi,) Chart- -
jfflr r'-' V ^--v
s’ . 4 P i, si v
of
Porto Grande Pay
on t/ie Tire,)i otc/c °f
t/ieJa/a of
SC VlttOM FI 2’
\7n stt/A / of /A e To fa >id of
S^-Ajithony |
I token font /Frazier M
Scale of one • 4/ artn cLeaz/ae
View o.
7ST° XXXIIL
JdateJX Vol .X. p.6^2
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Description of the Cape de Verde Islands. 673
San vicenu ing Sal. Here is alfo good Store of Goats and
or st. V:n- Ailes, and almoft as great Plenty of Nitre as at
{yrym\jSt. "John's , but not fo good. The Author tried
both by Fire, and found the firft always left fome
fixed Salt ; whereas the latter burnt clean away,
except what was generated near the Sea-Side a.
Fijb. These of Mr. Gennes' s Fleet, who touched at
the firft Port in 1695, caught great Numbers of
good Filh there : One Sort of which, called a
Bourfe , or Purfe , was very beautiful, having Rays
darting round from its Eyes like a Glory, and
fpeckled all over with hexagonal Spots, of a very
bright blue Colour b.
The whole Refreshment of the St.Jofeph' s
Crew, while Frezier was here in 1712, was Fifh,
of which they took Plenty in the Bay : But there
is only one Creek lying between two little Points
towards the Eaft South-Eaft, where the Seyne
can be ufed ; in other Places the Shore is rocky j
but they made Amends with the Hook. There
are Mullet, Rock-Fifh, Mauchorens, Pilchards,
Grunters, white Tooth, long Beaks, and a Sort
which have a Rat’s Tail, and round Spots all
over them. He gives the Figure of one which
was fix Foot long, and very like the Petinbuabo
of Brafil. He fays like wife, that there are fome-
times taken Bourfes, or Purfes , deferibed by
Froger c.
Z un’e. They guefled there was great Plenty of Tor-
toife, by the infinite Quantity of Shells and
Skeletons that lay along the Shore. The Inhabi¬
tants of St. Anthony come hither a Turtling every
Year, for they both trade with, and feed on
them d.
FROGER affirms, that the Coafts of this
Ifland abound with Turtles of different Sorts,
fome weighing three or four hundred Pound
Weight. Theie Creatures lay their Eggs afhore,
covering them with the Sand, which alone hatches
them in feventeen Days ; but it is nine more be¬
fore the young Ones are able to crawl down to
the Sea, by which Means about three Fourths of
them become a Prey to the Birds e. While he
was here, a Veflel from Newts, bound for Mar-
t Ini co, came-in to lade Turtle for that Ifland f.
Frezier fays, there are great Numbers of Whales
in the Bay of St. Vincent g.
Soil barren. This Ifland is very mountainous, and has
very little frefh Water or Wood h. The Crew
of the St. JoJepb, after being difappointed ofSanVl'cer.tr,
Water at the Rivulet, penetrated a little farther, Vm'
and met with feveral Salt Marfhes ; and, at
length, upon the South Point of the Bay, found
a little Gut of Water, which ran down from the
Craggs to the Sea. They dug to make it run the
better, but had much ado to get it aboard, the
Sea being very rough : And though perfectly
frefh Water, yet it flunk in feven or eight Days.
About two hundred Paces from this they got
Wood, which was a Sort of Tamarind eafy e-
nough to fell, and near the Shore *.
SA I NT VINCENT is uninhabited : But Mr. No
Gennes found about twenty Portugueze from St.tantl>
Nicholas , who had been there two Years em¬
ployed in tanning Skins of Goats, with which the
Ifland abounds. They have Dogs trained-up for
the Purpofe, which kill a Dozen or fifteen each,
every Night k. Frezier tells us, that they found
at the Bay a few Cottages, the Doors of which
were fo low, that there was no going-in but up¬
on all four : All the Furniture here was only fome
Leathern Budgets and Tortoife - Shells, which
ferved for Seats and Veflels to hold Water. The
black Inhabitants 1 had quitted them on Sight of
the French, though they put out EngliJ]) Colours.
They faw two or three of them ftark naked in
the Woods, but could not come to fpeak with
them m.
They found no Game there, not fo much zsGame Fcwi,
a Beaft, except wild Afles and Goats on the
Mountains, hard to come at : Some few Pinta-
does, and no other Birds n., The Soil is fo bar- Or Fruits*
ren, it produces no Fruit, only in the Valleys
there are little Tufts of Tamarind -Trees, befides
a few Cotton and Lemon -Trees : However, he
found fome curious Plants, as the Tiihymallus Ar-
borefeens, or Branched Spurge ; the Abrotanum
mas, or Male Southernwood, of a moll fweet
Scent, and a beautiful Green ; a yellow Flower,
the Stem whereof has no Leaves ; the Palma
Chrijli, or Ricinus Americanus , called Piiierilla
by the Spaniards in Peru } who affirm, that the
Leaf of it applied to the Nurfe’s Breaft brings
Milk, and laid to the Loins draws it away : The
Seed of it is exa&ly like the Indian Pine-Apple
Kernel ; in Paraguay they make Oil of it : A-
bundance of Houjleek of feveral Sorts ; fome of
which have thick round Leaves like a Hazle-Nut
a Roberts' s Voyage, p. 448. b Froger , ubi fupra, p. 57. « Frezier , ubi fupr a, p. 12, (A feq.
d Ibid. p. 13. c Froger, ubi fupra , p. 52. f Ibid. p. 55. g Frezier, ubi fupra, p. 13.
h Froger, ubi fupra, p. 52. Dapper fays, that on the South and no where elfe is a little frefh Water. There
is frefh Water, but not very pleafant, in Wells. A Brook runs from the highefl Mountain with frefh well -tailed
Water. All the rell are fulphurous and brackifh. 1 Frezier, ubi fupra, p. 12. k Froger, ubi fupra y
p. 52. 1 In all Probability thefe Blacks were no other than Men employed there to tan Skins, like
the Portugueze before-mentioned : Nor does it appear from Authors, that this Ifland ever was inhabited. It
was quite deflitute of People when Jannequin was here in 1639. See his Voyage de Lybie, p. 200. m Fre-
zier, p. 11. n Ibid. p. 13.
Vol, I. N° 33, 4 R Colt -
674 Description of the Cape de Verde Islands.
SsnAntoni c,Coloquintida Apples 4 ; Limonium Maritimum very
Cr,St’An' thick; Lavender without any Scent ; Dog-grafs ,
The fame Author fays, that near the little
Rock is found very good Ambergreafe, fome of
which the Portugueze had fold to French Ships,
particularly the St. Clement b.
II. San Antonio ; or, St. Anthony.
Site and Face of the IJland. Terrafal Road. Praya
Simune. Rivera des Trafa. Fruit and Wine.
Indigo. Cotton. Trees. Cattle. Stones. Pro¬
fits to the Proprietor. Silver Mine. The In¬
habitants : Mofi of them Slaves. Party Divi-
Jions. Trade in Provifions. Chief Town : Fort
near the Road.
S!t< and C<A1NT ANTHONT lies in Latitude feven-
Jatt. *3 teen Degrees nineteen Minutes North, and
eight Degrees two Minutes Weft Longitude from
the Cape de Verde , and is both the moft Weftern
and Northern of all the Cape de Verde Iflands.
Frezier fays, this Illand is but two Leagues from
St. Vincent. Others make the Diftance lix.
It is a very high Ifland, little, if at all, infe¬
rior to St. Philip's in that Refpetft ; and confi-
dering the high Mountains c, and low Valleys,
it contains as much Ground, or rather Rocks,
as St. Jago ; and hath abundance of frefh Water
Brooks d.
Terrafal There are in St. Anthony but two Ports or
R-ad. Roads where Ships anchor ; the beft, called Ter¬
rafal , is on the South - Weft End. It is a fandy
Bay, and affords good Riding ; the Way from
thence to the Town, and inhabited Parts of the
Bland, is fo very long, as well as difficult, (be¬
ing, by Report of the Natives, four or five good
Days Journey £) that a Ship might lie there a
long Time undifcovered by the Inhabitants.
Praya si- The other Road is a fandy Coaft, rather than
jfluae. Bay, called Praya Simune , it affords no Shelter
from the Wind, which generally blows ftrong
through the Channel between San Antonio and St.
Vincent , fo that a Ship is often forced from her
Anchor before fhe can finifh. her Trading: But
in fuch Cafe, St. Vincent ftands their Friend ; for
by ftretching over to Porto Grande , they may
there ride fafe. However, it is tolerable Riding
in fine Weather and light Winds, as well as in¬
different fmooth Landing. It is diftinguifhed by
a fmall Village, with a little Chapel to theNorth-
a ward, which is the only Mark of the Kind vifible Sar» Antoni,
on that Side of the Ifland ; and running a League
or farther down along Shore, you will fee thev
Road, where you may anchor on the North-Eaft
Side from feven to twelve Fathom f.
About half a League to the Northward of R'vera d?a
the Chapel, there is a little Bay or Cove, called Trafa*
Rivera des Trafa , where a Boat may lie. It has
a very good Key to land or load at, the W ater
being fmooth, and is Shelter by the Noith-Eaft
b Point: There is alfo a Stream of frefh Water,
and Wood enough in the Valley g. Dapper men¬
tions a Road at the North-Side of the Ifland, in
the Latitude of fixteen Degrees fifty Minutes.
The Plenty of Streams that water this Ifland, Frfil
fertilize the Valleys fo, that San AntGnio yields tofr,ne’
none of the Cape de Verde Iflands for Maiz,
Fefhoon, Bananas, Plantains, Potatoes, Mandy-
oaks, Pompions, Water and Mufk Melons, O-
ranges, Lemons, Limes, Guava’s, &c. and the
c greateft Plenty of Wine, which though the or-
dinarieft, to make amends is the cheapeft too in
all the Ifland h. Froger fays, they make good
Wine, and have excellent Fruit ; and that, as the
Air is healthy and temperate, it may be reckoned
a delightful Place *.
Abundance of Indigo grows here; and fe- /»<%».
veral great Plantations are walled- in and culti¬
vated for theUfe of the Marquis : Being managed
by an European Portugueze , who feparates the
d Tin&ure. The Indigo-Shrub (or Plant) grows
fomething like Broom, but not fo large, having
fmall, pale, green Leaves, very juicy, in Form
fomething refembling thofe of Box. Thefe Leaves
are ft ripped- off in Ottober or November , and
pounded into Pap ; which, made-up into Cakes
or Balls, changes in dying from Green to a dark
Blue.
There are alfo Cotton Plantations culti- Cotton*
vated, and Cloths made for the Marquis. The
Cotton-Shrub grows about the Bignefs of a Rofe-
Bufh, but fpreads more : The Leaves are of a
Grafs-green, fomething like thofe of Spinage,
but broader and fmooth ; the Flowers are of a
pale Yellow ; which, after they blow away, are
fucceeded by round Pods, inclofing the Cotton
commonly in three Cells, wherein alfo are con¬
tained the Seeds, which are black, and of an oval
Form, about the Bignefs of French Beans K
This Ifland is very woody in the Valleys. True*
Among the Trees are the Dragon, which are very
a Dapper fays, Coloquintida fpreads lb much over the Ground, that it cannot be deftroyed. b Frezier,
ubi fupra, p. 14. c Dapper fays, St. Anthony hath two high Mountains, one almoft as high as the Pike of
‘ Tenerife , but generally covered with Clouds. d Roberts' s Voyage, p. 448, isf fiq. e This, if Fact,
inuft be on account of the Badnefs of the Road ; or, perhaps, it is to bo considered only as the Way of fpeak-
ing of the People, who are very ignorant in what concerns the Ifland ; for the Whole is not above thirty-five
or forty Miles long at moft from North to South. f Roberts' s Voyage, p. 452. ^ g Ibid. p. 453.
h Ibid, p. 449, j Froger' s Voyage de la Mer du fud, p. 54, * Roberts' sT oyage, p. 450*
& " 4
numerous %
Description of the Cape de Verde Islands.
San Antonio, numerous ; whence the Sanguis Draconis , or a The whole being computed at
*r Sti An' Gum called Dragon's Bloody is produced in great
675
Cattle .
S<onet>
Profits.
uantities a.
They have Afles and Hogs, which are very
large, as well as Plenty of them; a numerous
Stock of Cows, and the Mountains are well re-
plenifhed with wild Goats b. On one of the
Mountains is found a tranfparent Stone, called,
by the Natives, Topaz : But whether the true
Topaz or not, the Author could not tell c.
This Ifland is not held of the Crown, but b
is the hereditary Eftate of the Marquis das Min-
has, lately made Marquis de Gbove , who fends a
Ship from Portugal every Year, to bring home
the Profits of it. To him belong all the Cows,
wild Goats, Gum-Dragon, Stones, &c. above-
mentioned ; likewife all the Bcur d'Ore , and
Ambergreafe that is found in and about the
Bland. A great Penalty is laid upon the Con¬
cealer of the latter ; yet it is no hard Matter for
a Perfon of Addrefs, who is Mafler of the Lan- <
guage to procure any thing the Bland produces,
at an eafy Rate. A Quantity of the Beur d'Ore
is gathered and fent to Portugal ; but to what Ufe
applied there, the Author could not learn.
Sifoer' There is, by Report, a Silver Mine here,
but the Marquis will not open it, for fear the
King of Portugal fhould feize it : It is faid like¬
wife, that a certain Man extracted above an Als’s
Load of Gold from a certain Mountain, where
he had lived fome Time as a Hermit d.
FROG ER fays, the Portugueze of this, like
the reft of the Cape de Verde Blands, are all of a
dark, fwarthy Colour, but yet a good Sort of
People, and very fociable e. This Charadter of
them is confirmed by Mr. Roberts , of all the
Natives, who, fays that Author, are almoft as
innocent and good-tempered, for the generality,
as the Natives of St. John f.
Captain ROBERTS informs us, that
gnbabitantt.
Aloft of them
Slave),
this Bland is made a Kind of Store-houfe for
Slaves. He fuppofes, that when the Portugueze
had the Spanifh Slave-Trade, the then Marquis
caufed a Cargo of Negros to be brought from
Guinea, and placed there, who were fupplied at
his Expcnce, till they could maintain themfelves
by planting, which they foon learned from the
free Blacks inhabiting there before. Thefe Slaves
increafed fo faft, that notwithftanding the great
Numbers of them who have been tranfported
two thoufand five5anAnt(>n,0>
hundred s Souls. ^ony. n
These Slaves have Plantations, Houfes,,
Wives, ts'c. as the free Blacks have; and fome
of the beft Places are cultivated by them for
Cotton, Indigo, lAc. which are all wrought by
them, under the Infpedtion and Management of
a Steward (or Overfeer) placed there by the
Marquis. He is generally an European Portu¬
gueze, and has the Title of Capiteen More.
Thus they are divided into two Parties, and Party Di-
very often Differences happen between them,1'^0’”*
which fometimes end in Bloodshed : The free
Blacks valuing themfelves upon their Freedom ;
and the Slaves telling them they are only Tenants
at Will, and in a worfe Condition than they, as
being liable to be turned-off the Bland whenever
the Marquis pleafes, without knowing where to
go ; and will therefore be neceflitated to yield
themfelves Slaves whenever the Marquis pleafes,
: (Ac. And when it comes to Blows, the free Blacks,
being the Minority, generally get the worft of it,
and fometimes the Steward himfelf has much ado
to reftrain the Slaves; of whofe Infolence the
free Blacks complain much, and think they are
favoured more than themfelves, which, fays the
Author, I believe is true h.
St. ANTFIONT is a good Place for taking -Trade ;n
in Provifions, they being very plenty here. Ero-Fr0'v'flonu
ger obferves, that fending their Canoa from the
d Bay of St. Vincent , to St. Anthony's , for Provifi¬
ons, the Men went to fome Country-Houfes
near the Road, where they got fome Fowls ;
with good Store of Fruits, fuch as Figs, Grapes,
Bananas *, Oranges, and Water-Melons. A few
Days after, they fent again, by Efiredtion of the
Inhabitants (who promifed to give the Town
Notice of their coming) and brought from thence
twelve hundred Fowls, an hundred Pigs, and a-
bove twenty-five Beeves, and a great Heap of
e Fruit ; for which they trucked old Linen, Beads,
fmall Looking-Glaffes, Ribbands, Knives, and
fuch Trifles: Thefe the Blanders preferred to
Money, in regard but few Ships touch there;
and even the King of Portugal , to whom the
Profits and Produce of the Ifland belong k, does
not fend for three Years together fometimes to
fetch them home '.
Tiie St. Jofeph , in which Frazier went to the
South Sea, had not fuch good Succefs. They
both to Portugal and Brazil , by the Marquis’s f fhot off a Gun (at the Port of St. Vincent) for a
Order, they make four Fifths of the Inhabitants : Signal to St. Anthony s, but no body came. They
* Roberts, ibid. p. 449. b Frcger fays,' they breed a great Number of Beeves, Afles, Goats and
Pigs. c Roberts , ubifupra, p. 449. d Ibid, p.449, tff fq. c Froger, ubifupra ,
54. f Roberts, ubi fupra, p. 450. * Frezter was told, that there might be about two thou¬
sand People on the Ifland,^. 12. h Roberts , ubi fupra, p. 451, tff fq. ' 1 he fame Author lays, they
make a Kind of Bread, of Maiz and Bananas mixed. * Froger miftakes here, the Property lying m the
Marquis das Minhas, as fet forth above. 1 See Froger , ubifupra, p. 53, and $6.
4 r 2 ™]y
676 Voyages to the C a
Robtrts. only faw a Fire, which Teemed to anfwer that
*722, made by their Waterers in the Night: However,
U^Y*V/'the St. Clements , and the St. Malo , with its Pink,
having anchored at the fame Place, were vifited
by the Inhabitants of St. Anthony , who, for
their Money, brought them Beeves, Goats, Figs,
Bananas, Lemons, and very fweet Wine a.
Chief Town. Captain RO B E RTS, according to his
Cuftom of negledling the chief Towns, gives
little or no Light into the Situation of the Villa
of St. Anthony , mentioned before in his Account
of Terraffal Road. Froger , who was either at
Pray a Simune , or Rivera des Trafa (for he does
not name the Road) fays the Town is fituate in
the Midft of high Mountains, which makes it of
difficult Accefs. He adds, that it contains about
five hundred Perfons, able to carry Arms, befides
a great Number of black Slaves, and has a Church
of Cordeliers b.
FREZIERl ays, that above the Anchoring-
Place (which muft be one of thofe now menti-
AFort. oned) there is a little Fort (with four Pieces of
Cannon) in which there is a Portugueze Governor^
Two Priefts governed for the Marquis in 1724 d.
DAPPER fpeaks of a Village at the North-
Weft End of the Ifland, confuting of twenty
Huts, which, about the middle of the laft Cen¬
tury, were inhabited by fifty Families, governed
by a Captain, a Prieft, and a Schoolmafter, who
all fpoke good Portugueze , but lived very poorly :
But whether this was the chief Place at that d
Time, the Author is filent.
SECT. IX.
Story of Potter. Roberts begs an old Boat. The
Governor’s kind Propofal. Author’s Shift for Nails
and Tools. The Blacks offer their Affijlance. A
Wreck luckily arrives. Roberts diffident of his
Ability to build. Falls to work. His various
Contrivances. An Anchor found. The Boat
launched. Game of the Blacks in Water. He
fails to St. Nicholas. Meets with George, a
Devonfhire Man. Bold Ail ion of a Black. Re -
fpett J hewed Roberts. Story of George.
Stgry T} E FO R E we take our Leave of the Cape
IVur. Q de Verde Iflands, we {hall add two or three
Palfages from Captain Roberts’ s Journal, which
may be of Ufe to Mariners and others ; but
could not conveniently be brought into our Ab-
ftraft, without interrupting too much the Rela¬
tion of his Voyage.
The firft Pafl'age relates to his Boy Potter ,
who v/as loft at St. Nicholas c. This Lad had
» Frezier’ s Voyage to the South Sea, p. 12.
* Roberts, p. 352. e See before, /. 614. a.
f. 614. b. h Roberts, ubi Jupra, p, 343..
e de Verde Islands.
ferved his Time to a Potter,' at King/Ion upon Roberts.
Thames ; after which, in a youthful Frolic, he 1722.
took a Fancy to go to Sea, fpeaking for that Pur-*— ■
pofe to a Crimp, as he pretended to be, that is,
one who ufed to provide Sailors for Voyages,
Boys to Matters, ifc. This Villain, under Pre¬
tence of helping him to one, bound him a Plan¬
tation-Servant to America , for five Years. Af¬
ter the Boy was put aboard the Ship, and found
he had been trapanned, he began to repent of
his Voyage : But they made him believe they
were at very great Charges for theCrimps T rouble,
and for his own Lodging, Diet, iAc. which they
enhanced to a Sum they thought above his Purfe,
and then demanded Re-imburfement of every Pen¬
ny, before his Difmiffion ; To that either for Want
of Friends, or through Shame to apply himfelf
to them, he was forced to acquiefce, and was
carried to Barbadoes , where he was to be fold.
Roberts being there, and underftanding the
Lad’s Cafe, upon his Prayers and Promifes to be
good and faithful to him, bought his Time for
twelve Pound, that Currency ; and indeed, fays
Roberts , I always found him not only true and
faithful to my Intereft, but affectionate to my
Perfon, which raifed my Value for him fo
much, that I looked upon him rather as a Child,
or Relation, than as a mere Servant f. Roberts
loft Potter , as hath been already obferved s, at
St. Nicholas , and found him there again after¬
wards h; but only juft mentions him, and does
not fay whether he brought him away, or left
him behind. This fhort Inftance may ferve to
caution Youth againft the Frauds of the above-
mentioned Set of Rogues, called Crimps, as well
as to incite others to Love and Fidelity to their
Matters, by the Example of that virtuous young
Man.
We fhall next give you an Account of the R0t,erts
Means which Captain Roberts made ufe of in a Boat.
bungling-out a Boat (as he terms it j) for the Be¬
nefit of others, who may hereafter be reduced to
the fame unhappy Straits, as well as of the polite
People of Europe, who, to form their Manners,
could not do better than imitate the Barbarians
of St. John’s. Finding no Likelihood of getting
a Pafl'age home from the Ifland of St. John, he
applied to the Governor to let him have an old
Boat of his to fit-up, for going over to St. Phi¬
lip’s, offering to be the Carpenter himfelf, and to
find Nails and Sails ; the firft he had faved out
of the Wreck of his' Sloop, and the latter he
propofed to make out of his Jib : But the Boat-
having now lain above two Years on the dry
Land, and being fallen, in a manner, to Pieces,
b Froger, ubi fupra, p. 54. c Frezier, ubi fupra.
f Roberts' s Voyage, p. no, if fetp. £ See before.
See before, p. 623. f.
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Roberts.
1722.
‘Tbe Gcver -
tor's kind
Propojal,
Voyages to the Cape
as well as rotten, the Governor, out of pure a
Tendernefs for his Safety, would not grant him
his Requeft ; alledging moreover, the Danger of
the Channel between the two Iflands, from violent
Winds and ftrong Currents.
However he told Roberts , that if he under¬
flood how to build a Veffel, he might build one
new, large, and ftrong, there being Wood e-
nough on the Ifland ; and that he did not doubt
but all the Inhabitants likewife would aftift him
de Verde Islands. 677
Hammer, one like a Cobler’s Hammer, and a Roberts..
double - headed Hammer, about three Pound I’JI'l.
Weight, over and above what the Smith had b.
After this, all the Inhabitants were fum- Nativet
moned to meet before the Governor’s Houfe, 0ffir then
who made a Speech to them, fetting forth thzttelp.
Caufe for which they met ; how charitable an
A£t it was to aftift him ; and withal how much
it would redound to their Credit, idc. Thofe
beft-natured Creatures anfvvered, that he could
as much as they were capable a : Saying, that b not be more ready to afk than they to grant ; that
they would do all the laborious Work, while he they were wholly at Robert's Call, and that he
and S ingore Carolos (meaning Franklin) might be might always command them as his Servants and
employed in that Part only, which their Ingenu- Slaves. They were very forry, they faid, to think
ity, he faid, could not reach to. He added, that of his leaving them ; but when they confidered
befides the Adz which Roberts faved, they had how unable they were to fupply his Occafions to
three or four Hatchets; and that they could han- his Wifhes, they could not be fo unjuft as tode-
dle them fo as to cut-down Fig-Trees, fplit, and fire him to continue among them in Mifery.
hew Boards out of them : Engaging to fupply him They added, that they wifhed their Ifland yield-
with Boards and Timber enough, of any Sort ed thofe Necefiaries, as well as Pleafures and De-
he would have. My Brother, continued the Go- c lights, which his Country did; and then, perhaps,
vernor, who put up the Bed for me, and has they would keep him with them per Force, and
been at St. Jago , is a good Carpenter, though I think they did not wrong him ; faying, when he
will not pretend to fay like your white Carpen- talked of a Retaliation, that they defired nothing
ters ; but yet he can work very well, and makes but his good Opinion ; and that for the Continu-
almoft all our Doors on the Ifland, and has be¬
fides made Stools for the Padre , which alfo feve-
ral others on the Ifland can do ; and the Chair
which you have feen at the Padre's Houfe fhews
he is a Workman.
Shift fot
JVails and
loots.
ance thereof they would do any thing for him in
their Power. After this, coming to the Bufinefs
ilf'Hand, they faid, that thofe who could ufe
Hatchets, would take their Turns, Day by Day,
that the three Hatchets might never be idle; and
Upon Roberts's telling him he was afraid he d that the reft fhould carry down the Boards and
fhould not have Nails enough (having only fix Timber, after it was hewed, and a little dried, to
or feven thoufand broken and whole, befides a
great many large Spikes, fome Bolts and other
Iron-work they had faved,) the Governor faid
he was the beft Judge in that Cafe; but that if
he wanted, he might inftrucl the old Farrier,
who was alfo ingenious of himfelf, to forge
fome out of the old Iron. But firft he would
have the Author promife to make a Boat large
enough to carry him over the Channel of St.
Philip's , fafely, without any Danger ; and that,
he thought, could not be lefs than twice the
Bignefs, at leaft, of his own Boat. Roberts faid,
that to make a Boat twice the Length, Breadth,
and Depth of his, would be to make one a great
many times bigger than his Boat : But all the
Geometry he was Mafter of, could not convince
his Excellence how that was poflible.
Having concluded to build, they next took
the Place where he intended to build the Boat.
All this was accordingly performed ; and b y AWntk
the Time they had gotten a good Quantity cf brought™.
Boards made, a large Piece of a Ship’s Quarter
was thrown afhore near Scio, which came luck¬
ily to help-on the Defign. There being no con¬
venient Place there to haul it on Land, becaufe
of the Rocks, thirty or forty of the Natives faf-
tening Lines to tow it by, fwam with it, and got
it, though with great Difficulty, into a little
Cove between Scio and Pifcaree Picuana. This
Wreck being broken-up, afforded a good Quan¬
tity of Boards, Timber, Nails, Spiking-Bolts,
with all the Mizen Chain-Plates, Bolts, befides
the Mizen - Maft and (landing Rigging, of
which Maft he propofed to make the Keel V
RO B E RTS having feen a Ship built, but be- Roberts
ing nothing of a Carpenter, began to be in doubt^#^.
a general Survey of the whole Ifland, to find f of his Ability to perform what he had underta
what Tools were on it fit for theOccafion. They
muftered up three finall Hatchets, a Thing like a
Butcher’s Cleaver, two Gimblets, (one about the
Size fit for a twenty-penny Nail, the other a very
large Spoke- Gimblet) a fmall Pin-Mall, one Claw-
ken ; yet refle£ling on the Difgrace it would be
to defift, after giving fo much Trouble about it,
he refolved to proceed, and ufe his utmoft Skill'
to compleat the Veffel. Accordingly he went
down with fix or eight of the beft Carpenters,
a Roberts' s Voyage, p. 267. compared with p. 219, and 260.
p. 269, & fe qq.
b Ibid. p. 268, id feq.
c Ib id ,
having
67S
Voyages to the Cape de Verde Islands.
Robert*, having feveral more Hands to help as Labourers, a
1722. and fome to fifh for Provifion for the reft.
But juft as they were going to begin.
Falls to
■%vor&.
a new
He had a Half- Deck abaft, a little above eight
Foot long, a Fore-Caftle from the Stem aft,
fomething above feven Foot. He laid in four
Objection arofe, which had like to have put a Beams that he double-kneed, fattening the Knees
Stop to the Work; for next Day the Governor with Spikes. The Main-beam had three Knees at
coming down, told Roberts , that he was inform- each End, whereof one was a ftanding Knee : He
ed by Singore Carolos, that he (the Author) in- bolted them with fome of the fmalleft Bolts,
tended to build the Boat but a little bigger than pointed ; and boring the Length of the Spike-
Gimblet, forced the reft, by driving the Bolt red
hot.
After they had fkinned her, there were ftill
Boards enough to deck her But for want of
Nails, being forced at the latter End to make
ufe of all the broken Points, he frequently
took a Point of a Nail, which was but little more
in Length than the Thicknefs of a Plank, and
after he had driven it up, he drove it forwards
with a broken Stump of a Nail, till the latter had
entered half way into the Plank, that the Point
might take the better hold of the Timber.
How to make her tight was now to be confi-
dered. For this, he had fome old fpare Ropes, of
which he made Oakam c, but found that Cotton
and Mofs did better : His Method to try how the
Caulking held, was in the Evening, after they
had left-off work, to heave Water hard againft
the Seams within Side; and where he perceived
it went through, he caulked it over again.
He finifhed his Matt, and fixed the Rigging,
and the Pieces of the Jib d of his former Sloop
made him a Mainfail. It was too narrow by a
Breadth and an half, but there was no Help for
it. His Forefail and Jib were patched out of the
Pieces of the Mainfail and of Cotton-Cloth given
him by the Natives.
He made his Boom e of his old Gaff, by fcarf-
ing a Hand-Spike to it. His Rudder was made
thus : He got three Eye-Bolts, and fharpning the
Points, drove them into the Stern-Poft up to the
Eyes, which ferved in the Room of Braces or
Gudgeons. His Pintles f were made of broken
Bolts that had loft their Heads, which^he bended
thus ^ ; and having pointed one End, drove
ffli Con -
trtvoncet.
his, which was twenty Foot long ; 3 and that in
cafe this was true, he would forbid all his People
to aflift him ; for that both he and Singore
Carolos were of Opinion he fhould only caft him-
felf away through Eagernefs to get-off the Illand.
ROBERTS thanked him for his Care, and
affured him he intended to make her twice as big
as his own Boat ; and agreed, that if fhe did not
carry above twice as much as his, to give her to
the Governor, and ftay upon the Bland till a
Ship came.
As foon as his Back was turned, Roberts mea-
fured out twenty-five Foot for the Length of the
Keel, inftead of thirty, which he had mcafured
before the Governor ; and, at his Requeft, his
Afliftants promifed to fay nothing of it : But in
going-on with the Work, being at a fad Lofs
for a Saw, they furnifhed out an old ruft-eaten
one, and a File with which he fharpned it, while
they flood over, much admiring his Ingenuity.
A chief Motive with Roberts for building the
Boat, was the Affurance Mr. Franklin had given
of going with him ; and the People thinking he
was the Advifer of it, bore Franklin an ill Will
on that Score. When it was half finifhed, he
came down (having been fick) but loft much
of his Credit by this Trip. It feems he had often
faid, he could build a Ship, and might have un-
-derftood the Theory very well (for he was a Man
of good Genius as well as Letters, and feemed to
have had a Gentleman-like Education) but in
the practical Part he was by far more aukward
than the black Carpenters, which they prefently
perceived, and were not a little proud of.
To make the Sweeps, Roberts had contrived
a Pair of wooden Compaffes; and his Workmen
were greatly aftonifhed at feeing him fix the
Stem and Stern Pott, becaufe he ufed a Plummet
to fet them upright. He employed the Wreck
Boards along the Body of the Boat, for they
would not bend for any other Part : But the
Nails began to diminifh apace, fo that
it into the Rudder, firil making a Way for it
with the Spike-Gimblet, for fear of fplitting the
Rudder ; and thus he finifhed his Boat.
Two or three Days before fhe was launched, Anchor
four of the Blacks with Nicolau Verde went, and found'
faftning a Rope to her Anchor, which lay in Salt-
Point Bay , hauled it out from under fome Rocks ;
nailed her indifferently fecure at the Bottom, he f then fwimming it a Stone’s Call or better, let it
was forced to fallen only the Butt-ends ; and go again. When they faw it quite clear of the
here and there, where Neceffity required, was Rocks, they brought it up to the Surface, and
obliged only to pin or trunnel them with the then floated it away. This he was very much
having
large Spike-Gimblet
furprifed to fee them do, believing it impoffible
3 'Roberts' S Voyage, p. 269, id feqq. b Ibid. p. 273, id fcqq.
into Tow. J A Triangular Sail at the End of the Bowfprit.
the Sail is fattened, and which lies upon the Matt. f Or Fattening.
c Old Ropes drawn out again
A Pole to which the Bottom of
for
Voyages to the Cap
Robert*, for four Times the Number to have fuftained the ;
1722. Weight of theAnchor, no lefs than two hundred
three Quarters ; befides the Stock, which, then
being fo much Water-foaken, could not weigh
much lefs than one hundred Weight.
Tie Beat The Governor, Pricft, and feveral Women
Uurched. came down to the Launching, which was per¬
formed very well : But (he made as much Water
as two Hands could keep clear by conftant baling.
Roberts flopped feveral Places where it went-in, but
could fee nothing of a conftant Leak, only under 1
three of the Floor-Timber Heads, which he could
not come at: However, h tchinched3- it as well
as he could, and went down to Ferrier to fifh-up
an Anchor with a Haw’fer left there lately by a
Portuguese Ship in a Storm. Mean time he had
made a wooden Hillick, which he faftened to a
Stone, as the Newfoundland fifhing Sloops ufe, by
Means of his Shrouds which he had faved, and
now fpliced together to the Quantity of about
twenty-five Fathom.
Leaving the Boat till the Governor, by a
general Hunting, had killed Goats to fupply him
with Tallow to pay the Seams b of her, lie went
Came of tbs down to Ferrier for the Anchor; where a Black,
Blacks. called Fum-fo-roon , who had been aboard the faid
Portuguese , playing in the Water with feme o-
thers at their ufualGaine of plunging and fink¬
ing with their Feet, in Imitation of the Threfher
and Grampus-Fifh, and diving from him who
ftruck at him, he happened to hit againft the
Buoy, which was about a Fathom under Water.
The Ground being a tough, clammy, ftiff Ooze,
or Clay, covered over with foft Ooze and Sand
mixed, they were a long Time getting-out the
Anchor, which they afterwards brought afiiore
near a Mile diftant: And thus the whole Work
was completed c.
Sails ie St. After this. Captain Roberts fet fail, and
Nichol*s» having vilited all the lower Blands, came about
to St. Nicholas d : Where, flopping firft at Porto
Ghuy , and then at Paraghifi , the People came
down to welcome him, (among whom, at the
firft Place, was his Boy Potter ) and bought all
his Salt ; which was a good Commodity then, it
being their Turtling Seafon e.
Mutt with At Paraghifi there came to him a young
George. Man, who laid his Name was George ; that he
was born in Devon/hire , and that he had been
taken by Captain Lee in his Way from Virginia ;
and fome Months paft had efcaped from him at
the Ifland of St. Vincent , while that Pirate was
there refitting the Merry Chrijbnas of London ,
which he had taken alfo coming from the afore-
faid Plantation, This young Fellow faid, he
e d e Verde Islands. 679
1 would lie in the Veflel all Night, as it was likely Roberts,
to prove bad Weather; which being agreed, and 1722.
the Boat fecured, Roberts being very ill, was car-'*— -v— — J
ried up to the Cave again, where the Blacks
nurfed him ; and the little Boy being fomewhat
better than in the Morning, chofe to be with
George aboard.
About eight that Night, the Wind blowing
hard from the South -Weft, with much Rain,
Roberts came down again to the Key, and haled
) the Boat to veer more upon the Anchor-Cable ;
faying, other wife, it would be loft, but could not
make George hear : Upon which, a Black of St.
Anthony (who was very faithful to him) faid,
rather than the Balandra, which had carried them
through fo many Seas and Dangers, fhould be
loft for want of veering Cable, he would try to
fwim on board, come Life, come Death : And Bold AM**
(notwithftanding all the Difluafions of the other0/ a
Blacks, who told him the Sea ran fo high, that
c he would be dafhed in Pieces againft the Rocks)
watching an Opportunity of the fmootheft Wa¬
ter, he darted himfelf from the Edge of the
Rock, which was at leaft fifty Foot above the
Surface, and got aboard the Boat : Juft before he
jumped, a Sea waftied over the Bow of the Boat,,
that frightened both George and the Boy, which
laft he heard cry out.
The Blacks perceiving Roberts chiefly con- Boat freed
cerned for the Boy, undertook for his Safety at.*/’5'**
d all Events ; but the Cable breaking, the Sea car¬
ried the Boat up fo high on the Beach, that (he lay
undifturbed for above a Quarter of an Hour:
By this Means they had all Time to get out of
her. After the firft Fright was over, George.
went on board to fave what he could, but pre-
fently a great Sea rowling over her, fo terrified
him, that he made what Hafte he could out a-
gain, with only a Bottle of the Boa Vijla Wine.
This Sea was the Forerunner of a greater ; which
e quickly after ftaved her all to Pieces f.
The Author, by fitting out all Night in the
Wind and Rain on this Occafion, got an inve¬
terate Cold, which was one great Cauie of the
tedious Sicknefs that held him till after his Arri¬
val in England , and gave him Leifure to write
this Hiftory. The Morning clearing-up,, gave
him a full View of the Ruins of his ten or twelve
Months Labour, which had been deftroyed in one
Moment, and lay piled-up on the Shore,
f The Letters s brought from the former Prieft RepT/he’x-y-
of St. Nicholas to his Succeftor, and from the ^ Robcrt;*j •
Bifhop to the two Padres , who governed San An¬
tonio for the Marquis das Minhas , procured him
a very extraordinary R.efpe£l from all. Going.
a Made it tight. b He paid it afterwards with Afles Dung burnt to Powder, and mixed with Tallow’.
See before, p. . c Roberts , ubi fupra, p. 2S0, feg. d See before, p. 626. a. * Roberts' &
Voyage, /. 343,. & /eg f Ibid. p. 348, IF fea. See before, p. 62V £
'10
68o
Robeir.
1722.
Voyages to the Cape d e Verde Islands.
Story if
George,
to wait on the Governor, as Toon as he went up
to the Town, after a while Dinner was brought
to Table ; which ccnfifted of Fifh, Fowls, Goats
Flefh, Indian Corn-Bread, Plantains, Bananas,
boiled Pompion, &c. The Fowls were baked in
a Pot, and looked very well, and as brown as if
they had been roafted •> and the Venifon (or wild
Goats Flefh) and Fifh were boiled. There was
alfo a Calamow, which is half a Calabafh cut in
two, and ferves inftead of Bafons and Porrengers :
This was brought to him full of Fifh -Water,
being reckoned by them the daintieft Mefs they
can give to a Pick or weak Perfon ; but the Au¬
thor could not touch it. He lay at one Singore
Gonfalvo's , who had been formerly Governor,
where all imaginable Care was taken of him.
He fweat fo much, that one Morning, by way
of Experiment, his Landlady wrung out of the
Cotton Bed-Cloaths more Sweat than filled one
Fourth of a Canada, which is about three Eighths
of a Pint Englijh : But they fupplied him with
dry Cloaths every Morning ; and fometimes,
when he fweat in the fore Part of the Night,
ufed to fhift them towards rhe Middle of it3.
When Captain Harfoot b arrived, Captain
Roberts was very ferviceable to him as a Linguift ;
and having fpoken to him in Behalf of George
before-mentioned, (who, he faid, he believed
would be glad to work for his Paflage to get off
thefe Iflands) Harfoot confented to take him a-
board, although he did not want more Hands, c
At this, when Roberts told George , who was then
at the Town, he feemed rejoiced.
Being come down, he haled the Brigantine,
and Captain Harfoot fent the Boat for him. As
foon as he was brought on board, Roberts ob-
ferved his Countenance to change, but could not
However, Captain Harfoot
imagine the Reafon :
3 Roberts's Voyage, p. 352, feq.
1 foon made him fenfible of it : For, it feems, the
Year before, Loe took Captain Harfoot at Boa
Vifla , where this Fellow was on board the Pi¬
rates ; and having been as active as the reft in
plundering his Vefi'el, was fo daunted at the Sight
of him, that he had~ no Courage to fpeak. The
Captain, as foon as he had recovered Memory
enough, to convince him, that he was the Man,
faid, in a Paftion, You impudent rafcally Villain,
I admire how you dare come to afk a Favour of
me !
The Fellow looked very dejedled, and, by
way of Excufe, alledged, that he was a Prifoner
on board with the Pirates, and conftrained to do
what he did, as not daring to refufe whatever
they thought proper to command him.
The Captain bid him hold his Tongue, and
tell them fo who knew no better ; faying, that if
he had not the Impudence of the Devil, or his
Mafter Loe, he would not come to afk him any
Favour : He added, that if he was fine to find
a Man of War to put him aboard of, before he
went from the Iflands, he would give him his
Paflage to it. Then turning to Roberts , If a
Man, faid he, fhould take that Villain on board
to carry him to Juftice, and fhould meet any of
his Brother Villains, (meaning the Pirates) he
could expefl nothing but Death. After this,
turning to George , who, to all this, replied not a
Word, he told him, he fhould go afhore again ;
but that if he met with any of his Majefty’s Ships
before he left thofe Iflands, he would give them an
Account of him, and perfuade them all he could
to come and give him a Paflage to Tyburn :
Adding, that he hoped, ere long, to hear of his
Mafter Loe' s receiving his Reward at fome fuch
Place. Captain Harfoot then fent him afhore,
weighed Anchor, and ran for Boa Vijia.
b See before, p. 627. b.
End of the First Volume.
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